Census Profile, 2016 Census
Saskatchewan [Province] and Nunavut [Territory]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Saskatchewan [Province]			Nunavut [Territory]
	Data quality , Saskatchewan [Province] Map : Saskatchewan [Province] Change geography 1			Data quality : Nunavut [Territory] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	1,098,352	...	...	35,944	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	1,033,381	...	...	31,906	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	6.3	...	...	12.7	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	495,582	...	...	11,433	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	432,622	...	...	9,819	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1.9	...	...	0.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	588,243.54	...	...	1,877,778.53	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	1,098,350	545,785	552,565	35,945	18,390	17,550
0 to 14 years	215,685	110,410	105,275	11,685	5,975	5,710
0 to 4 years	73,130	37,335	35,795	4,155	2,130	2,025
5 to 9 years	74,460	38,155	36,305	4,120	2,130	1,985
10 to 14 years	68,095	34,920	33,175	3,415	1,720	1,700
15 to 64 years	712,240	358,110	354,130	22,895	11,710	11,190
15 to 19 years	67,660	34,675	32,980	3,140	1,600	1,535
20 to 24 years	70,060	36,075	33,985	3,045	1,535	1,510
25 to 29 years	77,525	39,290	38,235	3,185	1,610	1,580
30 to 34 years	77,520	38,610	38,915	2,815	1,390	1,425
35 to 39 years	71,590	35,940	35,650	2,385	1,210	1,180
40 to 44 years	64,950	32,515	32,440	2,030	1,065	965
45 to 49 years	63,580	31,780	31,795	2,065	1,055	1,005
50 to 54 years	75,245	37,230	38,015	1,840	955	890
55 to 59 years	76,195	38,070	38,125	1,405	750	655
60 to 64 years	67,915	33,935	33,985	975	535	440
65 years and over	170,425	77,265	93,160	1,360	710	655
65 to 69 years	53,230	26,285	26,945	655	340	310
70 to 74 years	37,740	18,225	19,510	345	180	165
75 to 79 years	29,400	13,415	15,985	205	110	100
80 to 84 years	23,115	9,945	13,170	105	50	50
85 years and over	26,940	9,395	17,550	55	25	25
85 to 89 years	16,280	6,305	9,975	40	20	25
90 to 94 years	8,000	2,515	5,485	10	5	5
95 to 99 years	2,290	520	1,760	5	5	5
100 years and over	375	50	325	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.6	20.2	19.1	32.5	32.5	32.5
15 to 64 years	64.8	65.6	64.1	63.7	63.7	63.8
65 years and over	15.5	14.2	16.9	3.8	3.9	3.7
85 years and over	2.5	1.7	3.2	0.2	0.1	0.1
Average age of the population	39.1	38.2	40.0	27.7	27.8	27.5
Median age of the population	37.8	36.9	38.7	25.1	25.2	25.1
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	432,620	...	...	9,820	...	...
Single-detached house	314,340	...	...	4,355	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	10,520	...	...	110	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	98,435	...	...	5,335	...	...
Semi-detached house	12,705	...	...	875	...	...
Row house	18,535	...	...	2,960	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	9,385	...	...	175	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	57,115	...	...	1,300	...	...
Other single-attached house	700	...	...	15	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	9,325	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	432,625	...	...	9,820	...	...
1 person	121,175	...	...	1,855	...	...
2 persons	153,610	...	...	1,890	...	...
3 persons	60,240	...	...	1,495	...	...
4 persons	56,080	...	...	1,545	...	...
5 or more persons	41,520	...	...	3,030	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,070,560	...	...	35,580	...	...
Average household size	2.5	...	...	3.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	882,670	435,375	447,290	24,260	12,415	11,840
Married or living common law	520,430	261,075	259,355	12,895	6,480	6,420
Married	437,875	219,800	218,075	6,625	3,350	3,280
Living common law	82,550	41,270	41,280	6,270	3,130	3,140
Not married and not living common law	362,240	174,310	187,930	11,360	5,935	5,425
Never married	242,070	133,750	108,325	9,790	5,345	4,450
Separated	19,795	8,945	10,855	405	185	215
Divorced	47,180	20,985	26,200	440	190	255
Widowed	53,190	10,635	42,555	720	220	505
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	302,260	...	...	8,780	...	...
2 persons	157,195	...	...	2,825	...	...
3 persons	58,770	...	...	2,145	...	...
4 persons	54,125	...	...	1,690	...	...
5 or more persons	32,170	...	...	2,115	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	302,260	...	...	8,780	...	...
Total couple families	252,765	...	...	6,225	...	...
Married couples	211,500	...	...	3,095	...	...
Common-law couples	41,265	...	...	3,135	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	49,495	...	...	2,550	...	...
Female parent	38,165	...	...	1,820	...	...
Male parent	11,330	...	...	735	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	252,770	...	...	6,230	...	...
Couples without children	129,085	...	...	1,465	...	...
Couples with children	123,685	...	...	4,760	...	...
1 child	45,495	...	...	1,440	...	...
2 children	49,035	...	...	1,400	...	...
3 or more children	29,150	...	...	1,920	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	49,490	...	...	2,555	...	...
1 child	28,110	...	...	1,360	...	...
2 children	13,280	...	...	700	...	...
3 or more children	8,105	...	...	485	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	187,765	95,550	92,210	4,475	2,555	1,915
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	432,620	...	...	9,820	...	...
One-census-family households	285,675	...	...	6,355	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	124,620	...	...	1,065	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	161,055	...	...	5,290	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	7,975	...	...	1,140	...	...
Non-census-family households	138,965	...	...	2,320	...	...
One-person households	121,175	...	...	1,855	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	17,795	...	...	470	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	1,083,240	539,100	544,130	35,690	18,200	17,490
English only	1,023,400	511,940	511,460	32,065	16,345	15,715
French only	535	255	280	60	35	20
English and French	51,360	23,290	28,065	1,525	795	725
Neither English nor French	7,945	3,620	4,325	2,045	1,025	1,025
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	1,083,240	539,105	544,135	35,690	18,200	17,490
English	1,060,225	528,155	532,075	32,990	16,795	16,195
French	13,555	6,590	6,960	580	340	240
English and French	1,770	890	885	90	50	40
Neither English nor French	7,685	3,475	4,220	2,025	1,015	1,015
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	14,435	7,035	7,405	625	365	260
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.3	1.3	1.4	1.8	2.0	1.5
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	1,083,240	539,105	544,135	35,695	18,200	17,490
Single responses	1,064,675	530,145	534,530	34,960	17,830	17,130
Official languages	907,715	452,955	454,760	11,615	6,085	5,530
English	892,615	445,635	446,985	11,020	5,740	5,280
French	15,100	7,320	7,775	595	350	240
Non-official languages	156,960	77,195	79,770	23,345	11,740	11,605
Aboriginal languages	28,340	13,685	14,660	22,610	11,360	11,250
Algonquian languages	19,965	9,640	10,325	15	5	10
Blackfoot	10	5	5	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	19,015	9,190	9,825	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	5	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	5	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	30	15	10	0	0	0
Plains Cree	2,080	975	1,105	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	5	5	5	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	250	115	135	0	0	0
Woods Cree	780	370	410	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	15,860	7,710	8,155	5	0	5
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	0	5	5	5	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	5	5	5	5	5	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	935	445	490	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	925	440	485	5	0	0
Oji-Cree	10	5	5	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	7,860	3,800	4,060	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	7,860	3,805	4,055	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	7,855	3,800	4,055	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	35	10	20	22,600	11,355	11,245
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	5	5	0	495	220	275
Inuktitut	20	10	15	22,070	11,125	10,945
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	30	10	20
Iroquoian languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	5	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	235	110	125	0	0	0
Salish languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	5	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	5	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	230	110	120	0	0	0
Dakota	195	85	105	0	0	0
Stoney	5	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	128,620	63,510	65,110	735	380	350
Afro-Asiatic languages	6,770	3,560	3,215	75	60	20
Berber languages	10	5	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	5	0	0	5	5	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	1,050	505	545	10	10	0
Bilen	55	25	30	0	0	0
Oromo	195	100	90	5	5	0
Somali	775	355	415	10	5	5
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0	0	0
Semitic languages	5,685	3,035	2,650	60	45	15
Amharic	290	140	155	20	10	5
Arabic	4,040	2,200	1,840	40	30	10
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	305	160	145	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	150	75	75	0	0	0
Harari	5	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	75	45	30	0	0	0
Maltese	10	5	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	680	340	340	5	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	130	65	60	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	5	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,560	1,250	1,305	5	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	135	70	70	0	5	0
Vietnamese	2,420	1,180	1,235	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	23,415	11,130	12,280	175	65	105
Bikol	85	40	40	0	0	0
Cebuano	1,545	685	855	5	5	5
Fijian	25	20	5	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	255	120	140	5	5	5
Ilocano	790	370	415	20	5	10
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	125	55	70	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	175	80	95	0	0	0
Pangasinan	40	15	25	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20,045	9,590	10,455	135	50	80
Waray-Waray	60	30	35	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	265	125	140	0	0	0
Creole languages	220	105	120	0	0	5
Haitian Creole	5	0	5	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	150	70	80	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	65	30	35	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	1,560	865	700	20	10	10
Kannada	60	35	30	0	0	0
Malayalam	850	455	395	5	0	0
Tamil	350	200	150	15	10	5
Telugu	285	165	120	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	73,170	36,230	36,930	270	145	120
Albanian	380	190	190	0	0	0
Armenian	70	40	30	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	18,460	8,490	9,970	40	30	15
Baltic languages	175	85	90	0	0	0
Latvian	100	45	50	0	0	0
Lithuanian	75	40	35	0	0	0
Slavic languages	18,285	8,400	9,885	45	30	15
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	225	110	120	0	0	0
Bulgarian	65	35	30	0	5	0
Croatian	455	240	220	0	0	0
Czech	235	115	125	5	0	0
Macedonian	55	30	30	0	0	0
Polish	1,865	850	1,015	15	15	0
Russian	3,045	1,460	1,580	10	5	5
Serbian	465	235	225	5	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	120	60	65	0	0	0
Slovak	115	60	55	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	80	40	45	0	0	0
Ukrainian	11,270	5,035	6,230	5	5	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	290	145	145	0	0	0
Celtic languages	60	30	30	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	10	5	5	0	0	0
Welsh	30	10	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	24,455	11,710	12,745	70	40	30
Afrikaans	880	450	430	0	0	0
Danish	255	145	110	5	5	0
Dutch	1,385	685	700	15	5	5
Frisian	30	20	10	0	0	0
German	21,320	10,150	11,170	35	20	15
Icelandic	55	20	25	0	0	0
Norwegian	310	140	165	10	5	5
Swedish	150	60	90	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	60	25	35	0	0	0
Yiddish	25	10	10	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	5	0	0
Greek	935	490	445	5	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages	22,335	12,065	10,270	85	45	45
Indo-Aryan languages	19,995	10,780	9,210	80	40	35
Bengali	2,795	1,495	1,300	25	15	15
Gujarati	2,510	1,420	1,090	5	0	0
Hindi	1,545	880	665	5	5	5
Kashmiri	20	10	10	0	0	0
Konkani	35	15	10	0	0	0
Marathi	140	80	55	0	0	5
Nepali	770	400	370	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	25	10	10	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5,250	2,890	2,360	5	5	0
Sindhi	120	65	55	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	270	130	135	0	0	5
Urdu	6,520	3,380	3,135	25	15	15
Iranian languages	2,065	1,130	940	10	5	5
Kurdish	145	80	65	0	5	0
Pashto	555	315	235	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	1,370	735	635	10	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	275	155	120	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	6,470	3,225	3,250	60	30	30
Catalan	5	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	705	365	340	5	5	5
Portuguese	615	265	350	5	5	0
Romanian	850	425	430	10	0	5
Spanish	4,290	2,165	2,125	45	20	25
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Japanese	320	100	220	0	0	5
Kartvelian languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Georgian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Korean	1,670	800	865	10	0	5
Mongolic languages	40	20	25	0	0	0
Mongolian	40	20	25	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	2,310	1,235	1,075	75	50	30
Akan (Twi)	190	115	75	5	5	0
Bamanankan	0	0	5	0	0	0
Edo	35	20	15	0	0	0
Ewe	50	30	20	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	25	15	5	0	0	0
Ga	20	15	5	0	0	0
Ganda	35	15	20	0	0	0
Igbo	215	125	90	5	0	0
Lingala	30	20	15	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	145	85	65	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	115	55	60	0	0	0
Shona	90	55	40	15	10	5
Swahili	425	220	205	5	0	0
Wolof	20	10	10	0	0	0
Yoruba	465	240	220	10	5	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	430	220	215	30	15	15
Nilo-Saharan languages	335	195	140	0	0	0
Dinka	115	70	45	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	220	120	100	0	0	0
Sign languages	200	100	100	20	10	10
American Sign Language	65	35	35	5	0	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	135	70	65	10	5	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	13,500	6,700	6,795	50	20	30
Chinese languages	12,460	6,165	6,290	50	20	30
Cantonese	3,775	1,830	1,950	15	5	10
Hakka	35	20	15	0	0	0
Mandarin	7,230	3,600	3,630	10	5	5
Min Dong	5	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	210	110	100	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	60	35	25	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	1,135	570	565	20	10	15
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	5	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	1,040	530	505	5	0	0
Burmese	180	115	65	0	0	0
Karenic languages	810	395	415	0	0	0
Tibetan	15	5	10	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	35	20	20	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	525	235	290	0	0	5
Lao	345	175	170	0	0	0
Thai	180	55	125	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	360	185	175	5	0	5
Azerbaijani	25	10	10	0	0	0
Turkish	290	155	130	5	0	0
Uyghur	5	0	5	0	0	0
Uzbek	30	5	15	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages	1,555	735	820	20	10	5
Estonian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Finnish	205	85	120	5	5	5
Hungarian	1,330	650	685	10	5	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	100	55	45	5	0	5
Multiple responses	18,560	8,955	9,605	735	370	365
English and French	2,045	985	1,060	25	10	15
English and non-official language	15,925	7,675	8,245	685	355	335
French and non-official language	315	150	165	10	5	10
English, French and non-official language	280	145	135	10	5	5
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	1,083,240	539,100	544,130	35,695	18,200	17,490
Single responses	1,049,130	522,390	526,740	35,085	17,895	17,185
Official languages	968,625	481,845	486,780	17,030	8,660	8,370
English	964,640	479,915	484,730	16,685	8,470	8,215
French	3,985	1,930	2,050	345	190	155
Non-official languages	80,505	40,540	39,960	18,055	9,240	8,815
Aboriginal languages	16,605	8,355	8,245	17,735	9,070	8,665
Algonquian languages	10,145	5,185	4,960	5	5	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	10,000	5,105	4,895	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	1,195	580	610	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	95	40	55	0	0	0
Woods Cree	180	100	85	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	8,525	4,380	4,145	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	140	75	65	5	5	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	145	80	70	5	5	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	6,360	3,130	3,235	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	6,365	3,130	3,230	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	6,360	3,130	3,230	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	5	0	5	17,735	9,070	8,665
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	110	45	60
Inuktitut	5	0	0	17,600	9,015	8,590
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	20	10	15
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	45	20	25	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	50	25	20	0	0	0
Dakota	35	15	10	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	63,905	32,185	31,720	320	165	150
Afro-Asiatic languages	4,625	2,340	2,290	30	20	15
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	5	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	720	335	380	5	5	0
Bilen	30	15	15	0	0	0
Oromo	140	75	70	0	5	0
Somali	530	245	290	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages	3,900	1,995	1,905	25	15	10
Amharic	150	75	70	15	5	5
Arabic	2,890	1,500	1,390	15	5	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	225	105	120	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	115	60	55	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	25	10	15	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	430	205	220	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	70	40	30	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,740	850	895	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	40	20	25	0	0	0
Vietnamese	1,700	830	865	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	12,515	6,210	6,300	120	55	60
Bikol	15	5	10	0	0	0
Cebuano	580	280	295	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	110	60	50	0	0	0
Ilocano	240	115	120	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	35	20	15	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	70	35	35	0	0	0
Pangasinan	10	5	5	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	11,345	5,630	5,715	110	55	60
Waray-Waray	15	5	5	5	0	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	95	50	45	0	0	0
Creole languages	95	35	65	5	5	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	5	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	65	25	40	5	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	35	10	20	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	845	440	410	15	10	5
Kannada	20	10	10	0	0	0
Malayalam	525	265	260	0	0	0
Tamil	155	90	65	15	10	5
Telugu	145	75	70	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	31,235	15,915	15,325	85	50	35
Albanian	205	100	100	0	0	0
Armenian	45	25	20	5	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	5,170	2,560	2,610	10	5	5
Baltic languages	80	35	45	0	0	0
Latvian	40	20	20	0	0	0
Lithuanian	40	15	25	0	0	0
Slavic languages	5,090	2,525	2,560	10	5	5
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	85	45	40	0	0	0
Bulgarian	35	20	15	0	0	0
Croatian	170	85	85	0	0	0
Czech	30	20	15	0	0	0
Macedonian	35	15	15	0	0	0
Polish	480	220	255	5	0	0
Russian	1,725	875	840	5	0	0
Serbian	270	140	130	0	5	0
Serbo-Croatian	45	20	25	0	0	0
Slovak	30	15	15	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	2,010	985	1,025	0	5	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	170	80	90	0	0	0
Celtic languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	5	0	0	0
Welsh	5	0	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	8,110	3,990	4,120	5	5	5
Afrikaans	530	275	250	0	0	0
Danish	10	5	0	0	0	0
Dutch	200	110	95	0	0	0
Frisian	5	0	0	0	0	0
German	7,290	3,565	3,725	0	5	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	5	10	0	0	0
Swedish	10	5	10	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Yiddish	5	0	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	45	25	20	0	0	0
Greek	395	190	205	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	14,385	7,560	6,825	45	25	20
Indo-Aryan languages	12,960	6,820	6,140	45	25	20
Bengali	1,915	980	930	20	15	10
Gujarati	1,585	865	720	0	0	0
Hindi	880	490	390	0	0	0
Kashmiri	5	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	10	5	5	0	0	0
Marathi	55	30	30	5	0	0
Nepali	570	290	275	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	3,485	1,885	1,605	0	5	0
Sindhi	55	25	25	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	140	70	70	0	0	0
Urdu	4,265	2,180	2,080	15	5	5
Iranian languages	1,280	660	615	5	5	0
Kurdish	65	40	30	0	0	0
Pashto	345	185	160	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	865	435	430	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	150	80	65	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,920	1,480	1,435	25	15	10
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	155	80	75	0	0	0
Portuguese	220	100	115	0	0	0
Romanian	315	165	150	0	5	0
Spanish	2,220	1,130	1,085	15	10	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0	0	0
Japanese	120	45	75	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	1,180	590	595	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mongolian	25	10	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	735	350	380	20	10	10
Akan (Twi)	55	30	25	0	5	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	10	0	5	0	0	0
Ewe	5	5	5	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	10	5	5	0	0	0
Igbo	40	15	20	5	5	5
Lingala	15	10	10	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	85	45	40	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	35	15	25	0	0	0
Shona	35	25	15	5	0	0
Swahili	200	90	110	0	0	0
Wolof	0	5	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	115	55	55	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	100	45	55	5	5	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	135	65	70	0	0	0
Dinka	65	30	30	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	70	35	40	0	0	0
Sign languages	285	175	105	35	20	15
American Sign Language	50	30	20	5	0	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	230	150	85	25	15	15
Sino-Tibetan languages	9,700	4,835	4,865	15	5	10
Chinese languages	8,925	4,450	4,475	15	5	10
Cantonese	2,400	1,140	1,265	5	0	5
Hakka	5	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	5,645	2,865	2,780	5	0	5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	80	45	35	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	30	15	15	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	760	385	380	5	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	775	380	395	0	0	0
Burmese	115	65	55	0	0	0
Karenic languages	640	310	335	0	0	0
Tibetan	10	0	5	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	190	85	105	0	0	0
Lao	125	60	60	0	0	0
Thai	70	25	45	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	195	100	95	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	5	5	5	0	0	0
Turkish	170	90	85	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	10	5	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Uralic languages	240	125	120	0	0	0
Estonian	10	0	5	0	0	0
Finnish	15	10	5	0	0	0
Hungarian	215	110	105	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	45	25	20	0	0	0
Multiple responses	34,110	16,720	17,395	610	305	305
English and French	1,210	575	635	20	10	10
English and non-official language	32,250	15,810	16,435	585	290	295
French and non-official language	150	85	70	5	5	0
English, French and non-official language	495	250	250	5	5	5
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	1,083,235	539,100	544,130	35,690	18,205	17,490
None	983,935	490,490	493,450	17,430	8,995	8,435
English	41,920	21,045	20,875	9,555	4,885	4,670
French	9,340	4,085	5,255	240	130	110
Non-official language	46,495	22,705	23,785	8,425	4,175	4,250
Aboriginal	13,490	6,445	7,050	7,990	3,960	4,025
Non-Aboriginal	33,005	16,265	16,740	435	215	220
English and French	170	85	85	0	0	0
English and non-official language	860	440	420	20	15	10
French and non-official language	495	245	255	15	5	10
English, French and non-official language	20	5	10	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	857,270	424,245	433,025	23,930	12,180	11,755
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	822,620	407,715	414,905	22,435	11,345	11,090
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,299	46,117	31,978	29,743	28,817	30,326
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	822,745	407,730	415,015	22,435	11,345	11,090
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,570	40,492	29,564	28,635	27,517	29,403
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	750,515	378,290	372,225	19,220	9,910	9,315
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,883	45,587	29,314	30,583	31,667	29,517
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	550,165	236,760	313,405	21,890	11,040	10,840
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	5,340	4,200	5,870	2,524	1,275	4,682
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	636,955	331,975	304,970	18,590	9,605	8,985
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,612	44,551	30,027	29,724	30,603	28,640
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	857,300	424,265	433,030	23,935	12,175	11,755
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	822,545	407,840	414,705	22,435	11,345	11,090
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	49,409	58,791	40,184	50,689	50,882	50,492
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	822,655	407,855	414,800	22,435	11,345	11,090
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,933	47,453	34,523	43,247	42,937	43,564
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	750,475	378,445	372,035	19,225	9,905	9,310
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	48,491	58,779	38,026	52,115	53,453	50,693
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	549,500	236,590	312,910	21,885	11,045	10,845
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,734	7,322	8,045	6,191	4,314	8,103
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	636,950	331,745	305,205	18,590	9,605	8,980
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,853	55,728	37,207	51,195	52,454	49,849
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	857,295	424,260	433,030	23,930	12,175	11,755
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	302,780	173,250	129,525	7,580	3,925	3,655
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	55,368	62,070	48,579	90,230	88,548	91,332
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	64,855	72,366	54,808	88,321	89,311	87,259
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	89.5	92.8	84.8	88.1	91.8	84.3
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	73.2	76.8	68.0	83.7	87.2	80.0
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	10.5	7.2	15.2	11.9	8.3	15.7
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	857,270	424,245	433,025	23,930	12,180	11,755
Without total income	34,645	16,530	18,120	1,495	830	665
With total income	822,620	407,715	414,905	22,435	11,345	11,095
Percentage with total income	96.0	96.1	95.8	93.8	93.1	94.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	105,780	47,325	58,455	5,320	3,165	2,155
$10,000 to $19,999	118,380	46,195	72,180	3,350	1,480	1,870
$20,000 to $29,999	107,890	42,345	65,545	2,610	1,135	1,475
$30,000 to $39,999	95,605	41,315	54,295	1,810	840	965
$40,000 to $49,999	89,285	42,260	47,025	1,190	575	610
$50,000 to $59,999	70,395	36,950	33,450	810	400	410
$60,000 to $69,999	53,855	31,055	22,795	730	375	360
$70,000 to $79,999	41,930	25,290	16,645	735	370	365
$80,000 to $89,999	34,305	20,750	13,560	820	440	380
$90,000 to $99,999	26,165	16,100	10,060	835	375	460
$100,000 and over	79,030	58,125	20,905	4,230	2,185	2,045
$100,000 to $149,999	56,160	40,025	16,140	3,215	1,570	1,645
$150,000 and over	22,870	18,100	4,770	1,010	615	400
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	857,270	424,245	433,025	23,930	12,180	11,755
Without after-tax income	34,520	16,515	18,010	1,495	835	665
With after-tax income	822,745	407,730	415,015	22,435	11,345	11,095
Percentage with after-tax income	96.0	96.1	95.8	93.8	93.1	94.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	108,310	48,150	60,160	5,335	3,165	2,170
$10,000 to $19,999	123,690	48,420	75,275	3,410	1,530	1,880
$20,000 to $29,999	125,285	50,160	75,125	2,825	1,250	1,570
$30,000 to $39,999	119,460	54,365	65,100	1,920	915	1,005
$40,000 to $49,999	103,250	52,900	50,350	1,270	605	665
$50,000 to $59,999	73,855	42,315	31,540	980	500	485
$60,000 to $69,999	53,925	32,645	21,280	1,015	505	510
$70,000 to $79,999	38,615	23,385	15,235	1,085	555	530
$80,000 and over	76,345	55,395	20,950	4,595	2,315	2,280
$80,000 to $89,999	24,935	16,370	8,560	1,095	500	590
$90,000 to $99,999	16,260	11,815	4,445	1,025	480	550
$100,000 and over	35,155	27,210	7,945	2,475	1,335	1,145
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	857,270	424,245	433,025	23,930	12,180	11,755
Without employment income	220,320	92,270	128,055	5,340	2,575	2,770
With employment income	636,950	331,980	304,970	18,590	9,600	8,985
Percentage with employment income	74.3	78.3	70.4	77.7	78.8	76.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	82,210	38,805	43,410	3,930	1,925	2,000
$5,000 to $9,999	46,620	20,310	26,310	1,800	875	925
$10,000 to $19,999	77,480	33,900	43,575	2,150	1,135	1,015
$20,000 to $29,999	68,175	29,285	38,885	1,440	815	620
$30,000 to $39,999	66,120	29,825	36,295	1,025	580	445
$40,000 to $49,999	61,800	29,930	31,870	815	430	380
$50,000 to $59,999	51,075	27,565	23,510	710	350	360
$60,000 to $69,999	39,805	23,605	16,195	655	355	295
$70,000 to $79,999	32,265	20,015	12,255	680	360	320
$80,000 and over	111,405	78,745	32,665	5,390	2,775	2,615
$80,000 to $89,999	28,240	17,220	11,020	755	410	345
$90,000 to $99,999	21,415	13,645	7,770	805	345	460
$100,000 and over	61,750	47,885	13,870	3,830	2,020	1,810
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	432,625	...	...	9,820	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	75,412	...	...	97,441	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	65,784	...	...	85,605	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	121,175	...	...	1,855	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	38,188	...	...	72,960	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	34,099	...	...	61,184	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	311,450	...	...	7,965	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	94,530	...	...	102,778	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	81,696	...	...	91,402	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	432,620	...	...	9,815	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	93,942	...	...	115,823	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	77,837	...	...	98,818	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	121,040	...	...	1,855	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	48,880	...	...	79,545	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	40,555	...	...	65,262	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	311,580	...	...	7,965	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	111,447	...	...	124,267	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	92,320	...	...	106,628	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	432,625	...	...	9,820	...	...
Under $5,000	6,930	...	...	105	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	4,575	...	...	265	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	7,675	...	...	205	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	18,025	...	...	235	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	18,845	...	...	295	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	14,875	...	...	300	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	17,700	...	...	325	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	17,410	...	...	325	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	17,345	...	...	340	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	16,525	...	...	305	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	31,595	...	...	550	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	29,700	...	...	520	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	27,605	...	...	435	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	25,810	...	...	415	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	23,280	...	...	410	...	...
$100,000 and over	154,720	...	...	4,795	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	48,375	...	...	1,070	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	35,320	...	...	920	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	40,875	...	...	1,160	...	...
$200,000 and over	30,160	...	...	1,645	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	432,625	...	...	9,820	...	...
Under $5,000	7,355	...	...	100	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	4,680	...	...	270	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	7,860	...	...	210	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	18,625	...	...	240	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	20,275	...	...	300	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	17,325	...	...	325	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	20,700	...	...	330	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	20,990	...	...	350	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	20,395	...	...	340	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	19,790	...	...	355	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	37,680	...	...	615	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	35,255	...	...	590	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	32,575	...	...	560	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	28,995	...	...	575	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	25,545	...	...	565	...	...
$100,000 and over	114,570	...	...	4,100	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	47,890	...	...	1,200	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	29,680	...	...	835	...	...
$150,000 and over	36,995	...	...	2,070	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	299,345	...	...	7,705	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	93,747	...	...	99,421	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	81,065	...	...	88,747	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	122,845	...	...	1,005	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	87,865	...	...	162,304	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	75,765	...	...	136,265	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	124,285	...	...	4,640	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	119,530	...	...	110,476	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	101,656	...	...	98,481	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.1	...	...	5.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	44,110	...	...	1,700	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	50,749	...	...	53,760	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	47,776	...	...	52,070	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.9	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	299,455	...	...	7,705	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	111,031	...	...	121,531	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	91,825	...	...	104,373	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	123,045	...	...	1,005	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	104,889	...	...	162,943	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	86,074	...	...	134,556	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	124,275	...	...	4,635	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	135,718	...	...	132,126	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	111,601	...	...	113,780	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	44,125	...	...	1,700	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	62,208	...	...	72,190	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	54,678	...	...	64,121	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	161,805	82,400	79,405	2,705	1,580	1,130
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	35,875	40,000	32,247	61,995	50,048	78,080
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	32,415	35,306	29,777	54,496	45,227	66,918
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	161,560	82,510	79,050	2,705	1,585	1,130
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	45,756	49,739	41,598	74,013	68,372	81,933
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	38,229	40,766	35,581	61,196	56,528	67,748
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	1,070,555	533,385	537,175	35,580	18,135	17,440
In the bottom half of the distribution	506,055	243,040	263,010	19,105	9,740	9,360
In the bottom decile	111,770	55,530	56,245	5,315	2,730	2,590
In the second decile	104,900	46,610	58,285	4,460	2,250	2,210
In the third decile	94,035	44,535	49,500	3,725	1,915	1,815
In the fourth decile	96,045	47,015	49,030	2,865	1,470	1,395
In the fifth decile	99,300	49,350	49,950	2,725	1,380	1,355
In the top half of the distribution	564,505	290,345	274,160	16,475	8,390	8,085
In the sixth decile	104,200	52,705	51,495	2,285	1,195	1,085
In the seventh decile	109,400	55,670	53,725	2,420	1,250	1,175
In the eighth decile	115,215	59,255	55,965	2,555	1,290	1,260
In the ninth decile	121,965	62,875	59,085	3,180	1,635	1,550
In the top decile	113,730	59,840	53,885	6,035	3,020	3,015
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	1,014,605	505,225	509,380	0	0	0
0 to 17 years	230,205	117,925	112,275	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	79,345	40,700	38,645	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	631,280	316,125	315,155	0	0	0
65 years and over	153,120	71,180	81,950	0	0	0
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	130,220	60,375	69,845	0	0	0
0 to 17 years	41,010	20,960	20,050	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	15,420	7,850	7,575	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	67,080	31,315	35,765	0	0	0
65 years and over	22,130	8,100	14,025	0	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.8	12.0	13.7	...	...	...
0 to 17 years (%)	17.8	17.8	17.9	...	...	...
0 to 5 years (%)	19.4	19.3	19.6	...	...	...
18 to 64 years (%)	10.6	9.9	11.3	...	...	...
65 years and over (%)	14.5	11.4	17.1	...	...	...
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	59,440	29,890	29,545	0	0	0
0 to 17 years	17,870	9,140	8,735	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	7,005	3,540	3,465	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	38,775	19,470	19,305	0	0	0
65 years and over	2,795	1,280	1,510	0	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.9	5.9	5.8	...	...	...
0 to 17 years (%)	7.8	7.8	7.8	...	...	...
0 to 5 years (%)	8.8	8.7	9.0	...	...	...
18 to 64 years (%)	6.1	6.2	6.1	...	...	...
65 years and over (%)	1.8	1.8	1.8	...	...	...
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	1,070,560	533,385	537,175	35,580	18,135	17,445
Official languages	1,062,885	529,920	532,965	33,535	17,120	16,420
English	1,062,275	529,630	532,645	33,485	17,080	16,400
French	51,325	23,600	27,725	1,565	820	745
Non-official languages	187,450	91,805	95,645	28,440	14,375	14,065
Aboriginal languages	38,110	18,390	19,720	27,345	13,815	13,530
Algonquian languages	28,270	13,675	14,590	30	15	15
Blackfoot	10	10	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	27,065	13,115	13,950	15	10	10
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	40	30	15	0	0	0
Plains Cree	3,665	1,770	1,900	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	470	185	285	0	0	0
Woods Cree	1,260	570	695	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	21,870	10,695	11,175	15	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	10	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	1,310	620	695	10	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	1,300	610	690	10	10	0
Oji-Cree	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	9,120	4,350	4,770	10	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	9,105	4,345	4,760	10	0	10
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	9,105	4,350	4,755	10	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Haida	10	0	10	0	0	0
Inuit languages	10	0	0	27,320	13,805	13,520
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	1,135	525	615
Inuktitut	0	0	0	26,215	13,305	12,910
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20
Iroquoian languages	10	10	10	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	10	0	10	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	505	240	260	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	510	255	250	0	0	0
Dakota	415	205	210	0	0	0
Stoney	10	10	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	90	50	45	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	30	15	20	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	149,475	73,470	76,000	1,235	625	605
Afro-Asiatic languages	8,595	4,585	4,015	120	80	40
Berber languages	40	35	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	10	10	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	30	25	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	1,305	620	690	25	15	0
Bilen	85	40	45	0	0	0
Oromo	160	70	90	0	0	0
Somali	1,090	520	570	25	15	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	7,500	4,075	3,425	85	60	30
Amharic	545	255	290	20	20	0
Arabic	5,605	3,165	2,435	55	45	20
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	505	240	265	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	195	95	100	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	470	245	230	10	10	10
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	705	350	355	10	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	245	120	125	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	70	35	30	10	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	3,315	1,685	1,635	10	10	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	210	105	105	0	0	0
Vietnamese	3,105	1,580	1,525	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	29,705	14,065	15,640	215	80	130
Bikol	90	30	55	10	0	0
Cebuano	2,115	945	1,170	0	0	0
Fijian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	285	130	150	0	0	0
Ilocano	785	365	415	15	10	10
Malagasy	10	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	215	95	115	0	10	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	265	130	135	10	10	0
Pangasinan	45	25	20	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	28,655	13,575	15,080	200	80	125
Waray-Waray	35	25	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	300	145	155	0	0	0
Creole languages	495	230	270	15	0	10
Haitian Creole	10	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	240	95	145	10	0	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	250	125	120	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	2,190	1,205	980	20	10	10
Kannada	115	65	55	0	0	0
Malayalam	1,170	625	540	0	0	0
Tamil	635	345	290	20	15	0
Telugu	435	270	165	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	81,985	40,685	41,300	565	290	275
Albanian	560	275	285	10	0	0
Armenian	115	65	45	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	20,395	9,470	10,925	75	40	35
Baltic languages	225	120	110	0	0	0
Latvian	135	60	70	0	0	0
Lithuanian	95	60	35	0	0	0
Slavic languages	20,265	9,400	10,860	75	45	35
Belarusan	20	0	15	0	0	0
Bosnian	325	155	165	0	10	0
Bulgarian	75	40	35	10	10	0
Croatian	605	355	250	0	0	0
Czech	300	155	150	0	10	0
Macedonian	65	35	35	0	0	0
Polish	2,185	1,040	1,145	25	15	10
Russian	5,275	2,585	2,690	35	15	20
Serbian	790	410	385	10	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	80	30	50	0	0	0
Slovak	125	85	40	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	105	50	50	0	0	0
Ukrainian	13,090	5,770	7,325	10	0	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	345	205	140	0	0	0
Celtic languages	165	105	65	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	55	35	25	0	0	0
Welsh	50	30	20	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	70	45	20	0	0	0
Germanic languages	21,275	10,435	10,840	150	70	75
Afrikaans	1,455	750	705	15	10	10
Danish	320	195	125	15	0	0
Dutch	1,510	720	790	15	0	10
Frisian	25	15	15	0	0	0
German	17,390	8,525	8,870	105	50	55
Icelandic	70	40	30	0	0	0
Norwegian	415	180	235	10	0	0
Swedish	230	95	130	10	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	80	25	50	0	0	10
Yiddish	75	35	30	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	265	135	125	0	0	0
Greek	1,470	725	745	10	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages	27,395	14,650	12,740	100	55	45
Indo-Aryan languages	25,355	13,530	11,825	95	50	40
Bengali	3,520	1,895	1,620	30	15	15
Gujarati	3,320	1,760	1,555	10	0	0
Hindi	8,040	4,480	3,560	30	20	10
Kashmiri	40	25	20	0	0	0
Konkani	40	30	15	0	0	0
Marathi	185	120	70	0	0	0
Nepali	835	435	400	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	25	15	10	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	8,300	4,635	3,665	15	10	10
Sindhi	180	105	75	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	355	205	150	0	0	10
Urdu	9,455	4,815	4,635	35	20	15
Iranian languages	2,285	1,240	1,040	10	10	0
Kurdish	145	90	60	0	0	0
Pashto	555	315	240	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	1,630	870	760	10	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	275	135	140	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	12,660	6,085	6,570	255	125	130
Catalan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Italian	1,360	670	690	40	20	20
Portuguese	885	380	505	10	10	0
Romanian	1,105	525	575	10	0	0
Spanish	9,605	4,635	4,965	210	105	105
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	40	30	10	0	0	0
Japanese	1,205	540	665	10	0	0
Kartvelian languages	15	0	15	0	0	0
Georgian	15	0	10	0	0	0
Korean	1,930	850	1,080	10	0	0
Mongolic languages	55	20	30	0	0	0
Mongolian	60	25	30	10	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	4,125	2,245	1,885	110	70	40
Akan (Twi)	355	185	170	10	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	10	0	0	0
Edo	20	0	20	0	0	0
Ewe	100	45	55	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	60	45	15	0	0	0
Ga	45	25	15	0	0	0
Ganda	20	10	10	10	0	10
Igbo	625	325	300	0	0	0
Lingala	140	70	65	10	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	280	150	130	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	125	65	55	0	0	0
Shona	150	90	55	20	15	0
Swahili	950	570	380	20	15	10
Wolof	40	25	15	0	0	0
Yoruba	965	470	495	15	10	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	815	480	335	50	35	20
Nilo-Saharan languages	300	150	145	0	0	0
Dinka	100	65	40	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	195	90	105	0	0	0
Sign languages	1,565	585	985	135	60	75
American Sign Language	650	215	435	70	35	40
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	915	365	545	70	30	40
Sino-Tibetan languages	14,580	7,115	7,470	80	40	40
Chinese languages	13,630	6,625	7,005	75	40	40
Cantonese	4,675	2,245	2,435	25	10	15
Hakka	30	10	20	0	0	0
Mandarin	8,995	4,335	4,660	30	10	15
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	260	125	135	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	45	20	30	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	1,245	620	630	30	15	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	960	495	460	10	0	0
Burmese	315	185	130	10	0	0
Karenic languages	635	310	325	0	0	0
Tibetan	30	15	10	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	70	25	40	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	635	245	385	0	0	10
Lao	410	170	240	0	0	0
Thai	275	105	170	0	0	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	640	365	285	10	0	10
Azerbaijani	25	20	10	0	0	0
Turkish	530	310	220	10	10	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	60	25	35	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0	0	0
Uralic languages	1,765	850	915	20	10	10
Estonian	20	15	10	0	0	0
Finnish	360	170	190	10	10	0
Hungarian	1,385	670	715	10	10	10
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	340	210	135	15	10	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	1,070,555	533,385	537,175	35,580	18,140	17,440
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	998,035	496,635	501,395	35,285	17,990	17,290
Canadian citizens aged under 18	237,720	121,535	116,185	13,480	6,915	6,560
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	760,310	375,105	385,210	21,805	11,080	10,725
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	72,525	36,750	35,780	300	145	155
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	1,070,560	533,385	537,170	35,580	18,140	17,445
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	945,810	470,790	475,025	34,600	17,630	16,980
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	112,490	55,800	56,690	915	485	435
Before 1981	16,650	8,190	8,465	155	95	55
1981 to 1990	5,545	2,670	2,875	100	60	40
1991 to 2000	9,315	4,645	4,665	160	85	75
2001 to 2010	33,045	16,410	16,635	335	170	165
2001 to 2005	8,670	4,165	4,505	165	90	70
2006 to 2010	24,370	12,245	12,130	175	80	95
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	47,935	23,880	24,055	165	75	90
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	12,255	6,800	5,455	55	25	35
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	112,495	55,795	56,695	920	485	430
Under 5 years	12,060	6,100	5,965	100	50	55
5 to 14 years	21,295	11,015	10,280	160	95	65
15 to 24 years	19,295	8,990	10,305	165	85	75
25 to 44 years	50,945	25,060	25,890	435	225	215
45 years and over	8,895	4,635	4,260	55	35	25
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	112,490	55,800	56,690	920	485	430
Americas	10,765	5,010	5,760	160	75	85
Brazil	185	65	120	0	0	0
Colombia	555	275	280	0	0	0
El Salvador	630	290	340	0	0	0
Guyana	155	75	85	10	0	0
Haiti	65	45	20	0	0	0
Jamaica	815	425	395	25	10	15
Mexico	1,330	665	665	0	10	0
Peru	165	60	100	10	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	210	105	110	10	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	4,845	2,045	2,800	65	30	35
Other places of birth in Americas	1,805	955	845	45	25	25
Europe	23,640	11,900	11,740	195	120	70
Bosnia and Herzegovina	455	215	245	0	0	0
Croatia	445	280	165	0	0	0
France	215	90	125	10	0	10
Germany	2,575	1,280	1,295	25	15	10
Greece	605	325	280	0	0	0
Hungary	395	215	180	0	10	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	845	490	355	0	0	0
Italy	570	305	265	10	0	10
Netherlands	1,220	585	635	10	0	0
Poland	1,395	690	705	15	10	0
Portugal	220	105	120	0	10	0
Romania	695	335	360	10	0	0
Russian Federation	805	345	460	10	0	10
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	585	305	280	10	0	0
Ukraine	3,280	1,630	1,650	10	10	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	7,020	3,520	3,505	80	50	30
Other places of birth in Europe	2,320	1,195	1,125	30	15	10
Africa	10,285	5,360	4,925	190	110	80
Algeria	50	35	15	0	0	0
Egypt	435	230	205	0	0	0
Ethiopia	635	285	355	20	10	10
Kenya	425	225	200	0	0	10
Morocco	180	95	80	10	10	0
Nigeria	1,695	845	855	30	10	15
Somalia	635	335	300	10	10	0
South Africa, Republic of	1,775	920	855	10	10	10
Other places of birth in Africa	4,455	2,390	2,065	105	60	40
Asia	67,120	33,175	33,945	370	175	195
Afghanistan	515	230	285	0	0	0
Bangladesh	2,575	1,365	1,210	25	10	10
China^{Census data footnote 59}	7,485	3,445	4,035	20	10	10
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	765	370	400	10	10	0
India	9,630	5,190	4,435	30	15	15
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	785	465	325	10	0	0
Iraq	1,175	625	550	0	0	0
Japan	265	65	200	10	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	1,120	475	645	10	0	10
Lebanon	255	160	90	15	15	0
Pakistan	6,860	3,575	3,280	30	15	15
Philippines	26,860	12,655	14,210	185	75	110
Sri Lanka	440	235	205	10	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	1,155	610	550	0	0	0
Taiwan	180	80	100	0	0	0
Viet Nam	2,615	1,340	1,280	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	4,425	2,290	2,140	35	15	20
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	675	350	325	10	10	10
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	47,935	23,880	24,055	165	75	90
Americas	2,320	1,090	1,230	35	15	15
Brazil	45	10	35	0	0	0
Colombia	115	55	65	0	0	0
Cuba	35	20	15	0	0	0
Haiti	10	10	0	0	0	10
Jamaica	405	230	180	0	10	0
Mexico	435	215	225	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	745	330	420	15	0	10
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	35	10	30	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	490	220	270	10	10	0
Europe	4,855	2,405	2,455	10	0	10
France	50	15	45	10	0	0
Germany	190	105	80	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	525	315	205	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	100	50	50	0	0	0
Romania	95	35	60	0	0	0
Russian Federation	220	85	135	0	0	0
Ukraine	1,320	550	770	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	855	495	355	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	1,505	755	750	10	0	0
Africa	4,405	2,315	2,085	45	25	20
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	70	35	30	10	0	10
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	245	145	100	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	15	15	0	10	10	0
Egypt	160	75	85	0	0	0
Eritrea	305	145	160	0	0	0
Ethiopia	190	110	85	0	0	10
Morocco	90	40	45	0	10	0
Nigeria	1,035	525	520	10	10	0
Somalia	300	170	125	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	550	285	265	0	10	0
Tunisia	85	45	40	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	1,360	725	635	0	0	0
Asia	36,205	17,980	18,225	75	30	45
Afghanistan	125	45	85	0	0	0
Bangladesh	1,495	780	720	10	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	3,345	1,595	1,750	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	75	35	40	0	0	0
India	6,150	3,315	2,840	10	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	330	180	150	0	0	0
Iraq	405	200	205	0	0	0
Israel	95	55	35	0	0	0
Japan	40	10	35	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	475	195	280	0	0	0
Lebanon	80	50	30	0	0	0
Nepal	235	145	90	0	0	0
Pakistan	3,460	1,780	1,680	0	0	0
Philippines	16,615	7,905	8,715	50	20	30
Saudi Arabia	125	90	30	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	145	85	60	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	1,105	585	520	0	0	10
Taiwan	60	30	30	0	0	0
Turkey	80	45	35	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	85	55	30	0	0	0
Viet Nam	855	415	445	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	815	395	420	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	150	90	60	10	0	0
Australia	85	55	30	10	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	65	30	30	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	1,070,560	533,385	537,175	35,580	18,135	17,440
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	127,720	64,125	63,595	1,025	530	495
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	129,250	62,550	66,705	925	480	445
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	813,580	406,710	406,870	33,630	17,125	16,500
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	96,750	48,140	48,610	770	390	380
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	66,930	34,420	32,510	430	210	220
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	26,475	17,690	8,790	230	115	115
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	40,455	16,735	23,725	195	90	110
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	16,835	6,740	10,095	235	115	120
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	12,625	6,810	5,820	105	65	35
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	350	170	185	0	0	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	1,070,555	533,385	537,175	35,580	18,140	17,445
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	175,020	84,730	90,290	30,555	15,415	15,140
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	172,810	83,750	89,055	30,495	15,385	15,105
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	114,570	55,275	59,290	190	90	100
Métis	57,880	28,325	29,550	165	85	75
Inuk (Inuit)	360	145	215	30,135	15,205	14,925
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	1,305	605	705	55	20	30
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	905	375	530	10	10	10
Non-Aboriginal identity	895,535	448,655	446,885	5,025	2,725	2,300
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	1,070,555	533,385	537,170	35,580	18,140	17,440
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	110,370	52,930	57,440	165	75	90
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	960,190	480,455	479,735	35,410	18,060	17,355
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	1,070,555	533,385	537,175	35,580	18,135	17,445
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	98,315	47,665	50,650	25,215	12,745	12,470
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	94,565	45,900	48,665	25,025	12,665	12,365
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	84,015	40,960	43,055	100	50	55
Métis single ancestry	10,465	4,905	5,560	40	15	25
Inuit single ancestry	85	40	50	24,890	12,600	12,290
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	3,750	1,765	1,985	190	85	110
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	3,640	1,705	1,935	0	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	70	30	40	165	70	95
Métis and Inuit ancestries	20	15	10	15	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	15	15	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	79,035	38,120	40,915	5,205	2,595	2,610
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	72,560	35,130	37,430	4,985	2,495	2,495
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	36,680	17,715	18,960	255	140	120
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	35,545	17,265	18,285	65	40	25
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	335	150	180	4,665	2,315	2,355
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	6,480	2,990	3,485	215	100	115
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	6,355	2,930	3,420	10	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	80	40	45	160	75	85
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	0	10	55	25	25
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	30	15	15	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	893,205	447,595	445,610	5,160	2,795	2,365
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	1,070,560	533,385	537,170	35,580	18,135	17,440
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	115,875	58,810	57,065	905	450	460
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	29,960	16,065	13,895	115	60	55
Chinese	15,545	7,545	7,995	75	30	45
Black	14,925	7,845	7,085	330	180	150
Filipino	32,340	15,540	16,795	230	95	135
Latin American	4,195	2,095	2,095	40	20	20
Arab	4,300	2,385	1,915	40	30	10
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	5,745	2,940	2,800	30	10	15
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	2,065	1,100	965	10	0	10
Korean	1,875	795	1,085	10	10	10
Japanese	955	420	530	10	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	1,150	605	545	20	10	10
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	2,820	1,460	1,355	10	10	10
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	954,685	474,575	480,110	34,670	17,685	16,985
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	1,070,560	533,385	537,170	35,580	18,140	17,445
North American Aboriginal origins	177,355	85,790	91,565	30,420	15,340	15,075
First Nations (North American Indian)	130,880	63,405	67,475	690	345	350
Inuit	650	305	345	29,950	15,095	14,855
Métis	56,090	26,860	29,235	185	95	95
Other North American origins	230,620	115,250	115,370	1,815	960	860
Acadian	485	270	215	105	50	55
American	13,455	6,410	7,045	230	120	110
Canadian	220,960	110,550	110,410	1,305	685	630
New Brunswicker	10	10	0	10	10	0
Newfoundlander	130	65	60	125	70	50
Nova Scotian	25	10	20	10	0	10
Ontarian	20	20	10	0	0	0
Québécois	240	100	140	50	40	15
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	85	35	55	0	0	0
European origins	759,080	375,755	383,325	8,315	4,345	3,975
British Isles origins	427,735	210,345	217,390	5,815	3,015	2,790
Channel Islander	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cornish	35	15	20	0	0	0
English	253,205	123,490	129,715	1,625	825	800
Irish	155,725	74,480	81,245	1,745	895	850
Manx	250	120	130	10	0	0
Scottish	193,330	94,500	98,825	3,265	1,695	1,575
Welsh	17,790	8,510	9,280	160	85	80
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	16,095	7,900	8,190	355	200	150
French origins	125,810	60,920	64,890	1,485	785	700
Alsatian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Breton	25	10	15	10	0	10
Corsican	15	0	15	0	0	0
French	125,775	60,910	64,870	1,475	780	695
Western European origins (except French origins)	336,715	166,380	170,340	975	470	505
Austrian	17,565	8,670	8,895	35	25	15
Bavarian	50	45	0	0	0	0
Belgian	9,660	4,745	4,915	30	20	15
Dutch	36,230	17,500	18,730	190	90	105
Flemish	805	415	395	0	0	0
Frisian	70	35	35	0	0	0
German	296,385	146,600	149,780	745	355	390
Luxembourger	500	275	225	0	0	0
Swiss	4,710	2,370	2,340	20	0	10
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	35	25	15	10	10	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	115,995	56,380	59,615	675	335	340
Danish	11,530	5,605	5,935	290	145	150
Finnish	5,400	2,585	2,815	50	25	25
Icelandic	8,255	4,055	4,205	30	10	25
Norwegian	68,640	33,310	35,335	145	70	80
Swedish	32,815	15,630	17,185	115	65	55
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	3,530	1,735	1,790	85	45	40
Eastern European origins	243,055	119,620	123,435	515	260	255
Bulgarian	355	190	160	10	10	0
Byelorussian	290	150	140	0	0	0
Czech	4,960	2,545	2,415	15	0	10
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	2,765	1,270	1,495	0	0	0
Estonian	265	150	115	10	0	0
Hungarian	27,885	13,730	14,155	45	20	25
Latvian	535	265	265	10	0	10
Lithuanian	1,045	550	500	0	0	0
Moldovan	345	145	200	0	0	0
Polish	59,950	28,680	31,275	145	90	55
Romanian	12,730	6,215	6,515	20	10	15
Russian	39,395	19,620	19,775	100	60	40
Slovak	1,390	750	645	15	10	0
Ukrainian	143,700	70,670	73,025	190	90	100
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	255	115	135	30	15	15
Southern European origins	27,415	13,420	13,995	420	215	205
Albanian	605	310	290	10	0	0
Bosnian	515	260	260	0	0	0
Catalan	15	10	10	0	0	0
Croatian	2,570	1,295	1,275	10	10	0
Cypriot	45	35	10	0	0	0
Greek	2,880	1,475	1,400	20	10	0
Italian	11,310	5,585	5,725	175	95	85
Kosovar	30	25	10	0	0	0
Macedonian	110	45	65	0	0	0
Maltese	125	65	60	0	10	0
Montenegrin	85	40	40	0	0	0
Portuguese	1,885	850	1,035	115	60	55
Serbian	1,300	670	630	0	0	10
Sicilian	100	75	25	0	0	0
Slovenian	640	275	365	0	0	0
Spanish	5,670	2,615	3,050	75	35	40
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	1,065	535	525	10	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	35	0	30	10	0	0
Other European origins	3,885	2,075	1,805	345	190	155
Basque	50	40	10	0	0	0
Jewish	1,725	905	815	30	20	15
Roma (Gypsy)	165	85	80	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	200	95	105	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	1,755	965	790	305	170	140
Caribbean origins	3,810	2,005	1,805	95	50	45
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	15	10	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	110	45	60	10	10	0
Bermudan	20	20	0	0	0	0
Carib	10	0	10	0	10	0
Cuban	185	125	55	0	0	0
Dominican	115	75	45	10	0	0
Grenadian	60	25	30	10	0	10
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	110	75	40	10	0	0
Jamaican	2,250	1,200	1,050	40	20	20
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	55	15	40	0	0	0
St. Lucian	45	15	25	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	415	215	200	10	10	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	30	20	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	355	135	225	15	10	10
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	190	90	100	10	0	10
Latin, Central and South American origins	6,695	3,295	3,400	65	30	35
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	300	150	150	0	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	160	60	95	10	0	0
Belizean	55	35	15	0	0	0
Bolivian	45	30	15	0	0	0
Brazilian	305	150	155	0	0	0
Chilean	860	450	415	10	0	0
Colombian	705	335	370	10	0	10
Costa Rican	50	15	35	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	105	70	30	10	10	0
Guatemalan	270	135	140	0	0	0
Guyanese	185	110	75	10	0	0
Hispanic	125	75	50	10	0	10
Honduran	95	45	50	0	0	0
Maya	140	75	65	0	0	0
Mexican	2,125	1,060	1,065	10	10	0
Nicaraguan	140	50	90	0	0	0
Panamanian	15	0	10	0	10	0
Paraguayan	40	30	10	0	0	0
Peruvian	295	120	175	0	0	0
Salvadorean	765	350	415	10	10	10
Uruguayan	65	20	40	0	0	0
Venezuelan	55	30	30	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	320	165	160	10	0	0
African origins	16,170	8,480	7,690	465	255	210
Central and West African origins	4,440	2,355	2,090	65	35	30
Akan	115	80	40	10	10	0
Angolan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ashanti	10	10	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	20	15	10	0	0	0
Cameroonian	205	90	110	15	10	10
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	530	290	240	0	0	0
Edo	40	20	15	0	0	0
Ewe	10	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	40	20	15	0	0	0
Ghanaian	555	320	235	10	10	10
Guinean	25	20	10	0	0	0
Ibo	485	275	215	10	10	0
Ivorian	75	35	45	0	0	0
Liberian	85	25	60	0	0	0
Malian	30	15	15	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	1,715	875	835	20	15	10
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	20	15	10	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	40	25	10	0	10	0
Togolese	55	35	20	10	0	0
Wolof	0	10	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	520	270	255	15	0	10
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	235	115	125	10	0	0
North African origins	2,190	1,210	980	30	15	10
Algerian	70	50	15	0	0	0
Berber	55	45	15	0	10	0
Coptic	40	15	20	0	0	0
Dinka	35	20	15	0	0	0
Egyptian	535	290	245	15	0	10
Libyan	205	115	85	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	220	110	115	10	10	0
Sudanese	935	515	420	0	10	0
Tunisian	105	60	50	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	40	30	10	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	6,320	3,210	3,110	80	60	25
Afrikaner	60	35	30	10	0	0
Amhara	20	10	10	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	45	30	10	10	0	10
Burundian	300	155	145	0	0	0
Djiboutian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Eritrean	1,130	540	590	0	10	0
Ethiopian	675	335	345	30	15	10
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	190	95	95	0	10	0
Malagasy	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mauritian	205	90	110	0	0	0
Oromo	140	65	75	0	0	0
Rwandan	80	20	60	0	0	0
Seychellois	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	1,275	635	635	10	0	0
South African	1,295	680	615	10	0	0
Tanzanian	55	35	20	0	0	0
Tigrian	45	30	15	0	0	0
Ugandan	90	40	50	0	0	0
Zambian	190	90	100	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	260	170	90	15	10	10
Zulu	35	30	10	0	0	10
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	535	300	240	0	0	10
Other African origins	3,605	1,940	1,665	285	145	140
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	345	190	160	50	25	25
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	3,290	1,770	1,525	240	120	120
Asian origins	99,125	49,845	49,280	615	280	335
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	9,415	5,015	4,400	100	60	40
Afghan	780	390	385	10	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	1,175	645	530	10	10	0
Armenian	240	130	115	10	0	0
Assyrian	215	120	95	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	50	25	25	0	0	0
Georgian	35	20	10	0	0	0
Hazara	25	10	20	0	0	0
Iranian	1,345	740	600	20	15	0
Iraqi	1,290	690	605	10	0	0
Israeli	120	75	50	0	0	0
Jordanian	75	40	30	0	0	0
Kazakh	30	15	15	0	0	10
Kurd	200	110	90	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	10	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	30	10	20	0	0	0
Lebanese	1,360	660	700	40	20	15
Palestinian	120	60	55	0	0	0
Pashtun	175	100	75	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	110	80	30	0	0	0
Syrian	1,365	740	625	0	0	0
Tajik	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tatar	60	25	35	0	0	0
Turk	860	450	405	15	10	10
Turkmen	20	10	10	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	70	15	50	0	0	0
Yemeni	45	20	20	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	265	130	130	0	0	0
South Asian origins	29,830	15,955	13,870	130	65	65
Bangladeshi	2,040	1,090	945	20	10	10
Bengali	600	350	250	0	0	0
Bhutanese	210	110	100	0	0	0
East Indian	18,695	10,090	8,600	65	35	35
Goan	45	25	15	0	0	0
Gujarati	195	105	95	0	0	0
Kashmiri	115	75	40	0	0	0
Nepali	565	320	245	0	0	0
Pakistani	6,255	3,220	3,035	15	10	0
Punjabi	1,425	790	635	10	0	0
Sinhalese	65	30	30	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	515	290	225	10	0	10
Tamil	120	65	55	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	1,075	545	530	15	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	60,010	28,955	31,060	385	155	225
Burmese	465	210	260	0	0	10
Cambodian (Khmer)	305	165	145	0	0	0
Chinese	19,075	9,300	9,780	115	50	70
Filipino	33,630	16,200	17,425	245	100	145
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	220	115	105	10	0	0
Japanese	1,220	530	690	15	0	10
Karen	585	290	290	0	0	0
Korean	2,025	870	1,155	10	0	0
Laotian	705	335	380	0	0	0
Malaysian	160	75	80	10	0	0
Mongolian	205	105	100	0	0	0
Singaporean	10	0	10	0	0	0
Taiwanese	265	115	155	0	0	0
Thai	420	170	250	10	0	0
Tibetan	50	35	25	0	0	0
Vietnamese	3,690	1,885	1,800	10	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	95	40	55	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	735	340	390	10	10	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	735	345	385	10	10	0
Oceania origins	1,430	760	665	15	0	0
Australian	890	505	385	10	0	0
New Zealander	265	140	125	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	310	140	170	0	0	0
Fijian	110	60	50	0	0	10
Hawaiian	25	10	10	0	0	0
Maori	45	0	35	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	25	15	10	0	0	0
Samoan	55	25	30	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	60	25	35	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	432,620	...	...	9,820	...	...
Owner	311,470	...	...	1,960	...	...
Renter	109,685	...	...	7,860	...	...
Band housing	11,470	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	432,620	...	...	9,820	...	...
Condominium	41,960	...	...	265	...	...
Not condominium	390,660	...	...	9,555	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	432,625	...	...	9,820	...	...
No bedrooms	1,290	...	...	25	...	...
1 bedroom	40,600	...	...	1,365	...	...
2 bedrooms	97,340	...	...	3,835	...	...
3 bedrooms	148,060	...	...	3,100	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	145,330	...	...	1,495	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	432,620	...	...	9,820	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	92,375	...	...	4,865	...	...
5 rooms	67,645	...	...	2,515	...	...
6 rooms	64,215	...	...	1,435	...	...
7 rooms	57,945	...	...	625	...	...
8 or more rooms	150,440	...	...	380	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.7	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	432,625	...	...	9,820	...	...
One person or fewer per room	422,915	...	...	7,650	...	...
More than 1 person per room	9,705	...	...	2,170	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	432,620	...	...	9,815	...	...
Suitable	412,220	...	...	6,785	...	...
Not suitable	20,410	...	...	3,035	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	432,620	...	...	9,820	...	...
1960 or before	101,805	...	...	170	...	...
1961 to 1980	150,440	...	...	2,150	...	...
1981 to 1990	62,270	...	...	1,995	...	...
1991 to 2000	33,495	...	...	2,095	...	...
2001 to 2005	17,905	...	...	860	...	...
2006 to 2010	28,610	...	...	1,285	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	38,095	...	...	1,260	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	432,625	...	...	9,820	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	395,105	...	...	7,255	...	...
Major repairs needed	37,520	...	...	2,560	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	432,620	...	...	9,820	...	...
1 household maintainer	261,245	...	...	6,830	...	...
2 household maintainers	162,550	...	...	2,780	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	8,825	...	...	205	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	432,625	...	...	9,820	...	...
15 to 24 years	18,235	...	...	400	...	...
25 to 34 years	72,225	...	...	2,480	...	...
35 to 44 years	73,675	...	...	2,370	...	...
45 to 54 years	77,920	...	...	2,285	...	...
55 to 64 years	84,110	...	...	1,460	...	...
65 to 74 years	56,280	...	...	610	...	...
75 to 84 years	34,845	...	...	180	...	...
85 years and over	15,340	...	...	30	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	396,790	...	...	9,810	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	316,505	...	...	9,240	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	80,295	...	...	570	...	...
30% to less than 100%	70,690	...	...	465	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	289,805	...	...	1,955	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	57.9	...	...	60.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	12.1	...	...	7.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,001	...	...	1,497	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,178	...	...	1,700	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	299,606	...	...	300,924	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	318,917	...	...	352,070	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	107,535	...	...	7,860	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	21.4	...	...	83.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	42.1	...	...	5.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	965	...	...	281	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,021	...	...	736	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	857,295	424,265	433,035	23,935	12,175	11,755
No certificate, diploma or degree	177,210	96,680	80,530	12,140	6,175	5,960
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	261,210	133,730	127,480	3,615	1,825	1,785
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	418,880	193,855	225,025	8,175	4,170	4,010
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	89,440	64,100	25,340	1,840	1,450	385
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	38,045	21,495	16,550	1,140	835	305
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	51,395	42,605	8,790	695	615	80
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	146,770	51,240	95,530	3,580	1,530	2,050
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	28,195	10,790	17,405	215	95	125
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	154,480	67,730	86,745	2,545	1,095	1,445
Bachelor's degree	112,760	47,490	65,270	1,680	710	970
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	7,635	3,400	4,235	90	45	45
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	4,830	2,580	2,245	25	10	15
Master's degree	24,375	11,095	13,275	700	305	395
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	4,880	3,155	1,725	50	25	20
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	566,245	282,510	283,735	16,485	8,395	8,090
No certificate, diploma or degree	69,200	42,050	27,150	6,750	3,435	3,315
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	168,035	88,530	79,505	2,405	1,265	1,140
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	329,005	151,930	177,075	7,325	3,690	3,635
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	66,955	48,885	18,075	1,595	1,255	335
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	27,765	16,095	11,670	995	725	265
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	39,190	32,785	6,400	600	530	70
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	115,085	41,085	74,000	3,185	1,345	1,840
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	19,380	7,775	11,605	200	85	115
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	127,585	54,190	73,395	2,355	1,005	1,345
Bachelor's degree	92,905	38,180	54,730	1,545	645	895
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	5,890	2,525	3,365	75	40	40
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	4,065	1,995	2,070	25	10	15
Master's degree	20,975	9,170	11,805	665	295	375
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	3,750	2,320	1,435	45	25	20
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	857,295	424,265	433,030	23,930	12,180	11,755
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	438,420	230,405	208,005	15,755	8,005	7,745
Education	40,995	10,635	30,355	1,005	290	715
13. Education	40,990	10,635	30,350	1,010	295	715
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	8,870	4,150	4,720	195	110	85
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	2,015	1,455	560	35	25	0
50. Visual and performing arts	6,850	2,690	4,160	160	85	75
Humanities	15,400	6,905	8,495	370	155	210
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	1,030	260	770	105	15	85
23. English language and literature/letters	3,180	990	2,190	60	15	45
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	3,105	1,185	1,920	75	35	40
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	35	0	30	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,180	695	480	25	15	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	4,700	2,645	2,050	40	30	10
54. History	1,760	1,000	760	60	40	25
55. French language and literature/letters	425	120	300	10	10	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	30,500	10,015	20,485	1,010	320	690
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	750	185	565	180	45	135
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,060	905	1,160	50	25	25
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	6,805	425	6,380	310	20	290
22. Legal professions and studies	5,410	1,930	3,480	130	60	70
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	465	155	310	25	0	25
42. Psychology	5,555	1,480	4,075	60	25	35
45. Social sciences	9,455	4,940	4,510	250	140	110
Business, management and public administration	85,800	25,105	60,695	1,655	555	1,105
30.16 Accounting and computer science	240	50	190	10	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	8,250	1,710	6,545	210	55	155
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	77,310	23,350	53,960	1,445	500	950
Physical and life sciences and technologies	11,455	5,905	5,550	210	110	100
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	5,675	2,515	3,160	70	30	35
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,395	725	670	70	35	40
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	105	25	80	10	0	0
40. Physical sciences	3,240	2,265	970	30	15	15
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,045	375	670	40	30	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	11,695	7,040	4,655	175	105	70
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	9,390	6,135	3,250	140	90	50
25. Library science	990	85	905	10	10	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,145	700	445	20	10	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	170	110	55	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	93,145	86,660	6,485	1,620	1,475	145
04. Architecture and related services	1,520	960	560	45	30	15
14. Engineering	14,090	11,790	2,300	105	90	15
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	13,790	12,290	1,505	310	255	50
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	24,650	23,840	810	715	680	40
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	26,325	25,535	790	365	350	15
48. Precision production	12,765	12,240	525	75	75	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	16,655	12,040	4,615	215	155	60
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	13,585	9,885	3,705	15	10	10
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,075	2,160	910	195	150	50
Health and related fields	74,750	12,215	62,530	750	195	560
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	4,340	2,030	2,315	110	65	40
51. Health professions and related programs	69,090	9,460	59,630	645	125	520
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,315	725	590	0	0	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	29,585	13,165	16,420	980	710	270
12. Personal and culinary services	18,450	3,845	14,605	315	110	205
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	10	0	10	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	175	160	20	0	10	0
43. Security and protective services	5,070	3,705	1,360	160	130	30
49. Transportation and materials moving	5,880	5,450	430	505	465	40
Other	40	20	20	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	40	20	20	10	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	566,245	282,510	283,730	16,480	8,395	8,090
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	237,235	130,580	106,660	9,155	4,700	4,455
Education	28,195	6,885	21,310	905	260	650
13. Education	28,195	6,885	21,310	905	260	650
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	7,175	3,350	3,825	170	95	75
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,550	1,100	450	30	25	10
50. Visual and performing arts	5,630	2,250	3,380	140	75	70
Humanities	11,760	5,110	6,650	320	130	190
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	825	205	620	95	15	75
23. English language and literature/letters	2,470	745	1,735	60	15	45
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,515	910	1,605	60	30	40
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	30	10	25	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	920	540	380	20	10	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	3,345	1,905	1,435	30	25	10
54. History	1,365	725	640	45	35	20
55. French language and literature/letters	285	75	205	0	10	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	25,830	8,205	17,625	900	280	615
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	670	165	505	140	40	100
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,870	800	1,065	50	25	25
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	5,680	350	5,330	280	20	265
22. Legal professions and studies	4,735	1,550	3,185	120	55	65
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	370	120	250	25	10	20
42. Psychology	4,335	1,055	3,280	55	15	35
45. Social sciences	8,175	4,160	4,010	230	125	105
Business, management and public administration	69,300	20,470	48,835	1,510	495	1,015
30.16 Accounting and computer science	195	35	165	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	6,795	1,230	5,570	190	50	140
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	62,310	19,205	43,105	1,325	450	875
Physical and life sciences and technologies	8,985	4,575	4,405	185	95	90
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	4,490	1,995	2,495	65	30	30
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,085	530	550	65	25	35
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	95	25	70	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	2,545	1,700	845	30	15	15
41. Science technologies/technicians	770	320	450	30	25	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10,235	6,210	4,030	160	95	65
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	8,590	5,615	2,970	135	85	50
25. Library science	730	60	670	10	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	760	430	335	20	10	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	160	105	55	10	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	72,720	67,225	5,500	1,410	1,285	125
04. Architecture and related services	1,215	745	470	45	25	15
14. Engineering	11,685	9,635	2,045	100	80	15
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	11,195	9,865	1,330	275	230	45
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	18,905	18,275	630	635	595	35
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	19,855	19,240	620	305	290	10
48. Precision production	9,865	9,460	410	60	60	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	13,365	9,360	4,005	190	140	55
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	10,720	7,545	3,175	15	10	10
03. Natural resources and conservation	2,645	1,815	835	175	135	45
Health and related fields	57,985	9,720	48,265	690	180	510
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	3,520	1,635	1,890	100	65	35
51. Health professions and related programs	53,345	7,510	45,835	590	115	480
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,120	580	545	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	23,415	10,820	12,600	865	625	245
12. Personal and culinary services	14,320	3,175	11,155	280	100	185
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	100	95	0	0	10	0
43. Security and protective services	4,055	2,955	1,105	140	115	30
49. Transportation and materials moving	4,935	4,590	340	445	410	35
Other	35	15	20	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	35	10	20	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	857,300	424,265	433,035	23,930	12,175	11,755
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	438,415	230,410	208,005	15,755	8,005	7,745
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	418,880	193,855	225,025	8,175	4,170	4,010
Location of study inside Canada	366,620	167,715	198,905	7,645	3,900	3,745
Same as province or territory of residence	293,455	130,990	162,465	3,330	1,485	1,850
Different than province or territory of residence	73,165	36,725	36,445	4,310	2,415	1,895
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	52,260	26,140	26,120	535	270	265
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	7,230	3,670	3,560	120	60	55
Philippines	13,980	6,230	7,750	135	45	85
India	6,215	3,280	2,930	20	10	10
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	3,250	1,830	1,420	70	40	30
China^{Census data footnote 162}	2,730	1,295	1,435	10	0	0
France	220	125	95	10	0	0
Other	18,630	9,705	8,925	180	105	75
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	566,245	282,510	283,735	16,480	8,395	8,090
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	237,235	130,580	106,660	9,155	4,700	4,455
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	329,010	151,930	177,075	7,325	3,690	3,635
Location of study inside Canada	283,450	129,445	154,005	6,840	3,445	3,390
Same as province or territory of residence	225,420	100,405	125,010	2,975	1,290	1,680
Different than province or territory of residence	58,035	29,035	28,995	3,860	2,150	1,710
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	45,560	22,490	23,070	490	245	240
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	5,210	2,495	2,715	105	55	45
Philippines	13,335	5,950	7,385	120	40	80
India	5,560	2,935	2,625	20	10	10
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	2,180	1,275	905	60	35	25
China^{Census data footnote 162}	2,520	1,180	1,345	10	0	0
France	200	115	85	0	0	0
Other	16,555	8,540	8,015	170	95	75
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	857,295	424,260	433,035	23,935	12,180	11,755
In the labour force	585,540	311,110	274,430	16,340	8,515	7,820
Employed	544,095	286,330	257,760	12,820	6,430	6,395
Unemployed	41,445	24,775	16,665	3,515	2,090	1,425
Not in the labour force	271,760	113,155	158,605	7,590	3,660	3,935
Participation rate	68.3	73.3	63.4	68.3	69.9	66.5
Employment rate	63.5	67.5	59.5	53.6	52.8	54.4
Unemployment rate	7.1	8.0	6.1	21.5	24.5	18.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	857,295	424,260	433,030	23,935	12,175	11,755
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	242,835	100,140	142,695	7,420	3,600	3,815
Worked	614,460	324,130	290,335	16,515	8,575	7,935
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	313,945	180,260	133,690	7,760	4,035	3,720
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	300,515	143,870	156,650	8,755	4,540	4,215
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.6	43.1	41.9	38.0	37.6	38.4
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	585,535	311,110	274,425	16,335	8,520	7,825
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	10,230	5,205	5,020	1,385	740	650
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	575,310	305,900	269,405	14,955	7,780	7,170
Employee	490,180	250,460	239,710	14,505	7,485	7,020
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	85,130	55,440	29,695	445	295	150
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	585,535	311,105	274,430	16,340	8,515	7,825
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	10,225	5,205	5,020	1,390	735	650
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	575,310	305,905	269,410	14,955	7,780	7,170
0 Management occupations	81,060	54,030	27,035	1,400	850	550
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	80,640	20,280	60,355	2,205	610	1,590
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	28,325	21,685	6,640	455	355	100
3 Health occupations	41,675	6,510	35,170	450	65	385
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	64,685	19,715	44,970	3,310	1,045	2,265
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	10,760	4,025	6,735	570	285	285
6 Sales and service occupations	124,090	50,165	73,920	3,505	1,690	1,815
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	99,755	93,540	6,215	2,565	2,435	130
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	28,155	22,590	5,565	300	275	15
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	16,165	13,370	2,800	205	165	45
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	585,540	311,105	274,430	16,340	8,515	7,820
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	10,225	5,200	5,020	1,385	735	650
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	575,310	305,905	269,410	14,955	7,780	7,175
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	51,255	36,820	14,440	155	145	15
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	23,070	20,040	3,025	595	440	160
22 Utilities	5,395	3,780	1,610	285	240	40
23 Construction	49,310	43,460	5,850	930	815	115
31-33 Manufacturing	26,710	21,000	5,710	150	100	50
41 Wholesale trade	20,480	15,325	5,155	105	80	25
44-45 Retail trade	63,360	30,185	33,180	1,720	835	885
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	24,755	19,385	5,370	795	625	175
51 Information and cultural industries	10,005	5,055	4,950	195	110	85
52 Finance and insurance	20,155	6,495	13,655	115	30	75
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	7,650	4,425	3,220	495	335	165
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	25,250	12,985	12,265	290	155	135
55 Management of companies and enterprises	1,340	680	660	10	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	16,395	9,660	6,735	385	245	135
61 Educational services	45,360	13,670	31,690	1,840	520	1,315
62 Health care and social assistance	72,625	11,285	61,335	1,245	220	1,030
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	10,545	5,120	5,425	285	175	110
72 Accommodation and food services	37,785	14,295	23,490	565	220	345
81 Other services (except public administration)	25,680	12,590	13,090	460	255	205
91 Public administration	38,180	19,640	18,535	4,345	2,240	2,105
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	544,095	286,330	257,760	12,820	6,425	6,395
Worked at home	59,385	34,110	25,275	385	215	170
Worked outside Canada	840	550	295	10	0	0
No fixed workplace address	68,510	54,860	13,650	945	815	135
Worked at usual place	415,355	196,815	218,545	11,485	5,395	6,090
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	415,355	196,815	218,540	11,485	5,395	6,090
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	288,875	131,440	157,430	11,050	5,110	5,940
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	89,420	45,175	44,250	350	235	120
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	28,040	15,365	12,675	30	20	10
Commute to a different province or territory	9,015	4,830	4,185	50	35	20
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	483,865	251,675	232,190	12,430	6,210	6,225
Car, truck, van - as a driver	402,405	216,695	185,705	3,605	2,135	1,470
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	27,960	10,265	17,695	2,225	1,045	1,175
Public transit	13,825	5,380	8,445	105	50	50
Walked	27,120	11,505	15,615	5,495	2,395	3,100
Bicycle	5,475	3,415	2,065	20	15	10
Other method	7,075	4,410	2,665	995	565	430
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	483,865	251,675	232,190	12,430	6,210	6,225
Less than 15 minutes	212,525	101,290	111,235	10,585	5,255	5,330
15 to 29 minutes	179,160	95,105	84,055	1,330	625	705
30 to 44 minutes	53,345	30,035	23,310	145	60	80
45 to 59 minutes	17,630	10,285	7,345	60	45	20
60 minutes and over	21,205	14,960	6,245	315	230	85
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	483,865	251,675	232,190	12,430	6,210	6,220
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	29,630	21,835	7,800	135	110	25
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	88,420	56,715	31,705	580	425	160
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	158,875	83,520	75,355	2,060	1,365	690
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	101,065	40,385	60,680	6,595	2,860	3,735
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	41,740	16,680	25,065	1,545	765	780
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	64,140	32,540	31,600	1,510	685	830
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	633,325	332,450	300,875	17,000	8,780	8,215
Single responses	630,465	331,130	299,335	16,715	8,635	8,080
Official languages	626,545	329,115	297,435	12,215	6,465	5,745
English	624,555	328,520	296,030	12,145	6,430	5,710
French	1,995	590	1,405	70	40	35
Non-official languages	3,920	2,020	1,895	4,500	2,170	2,330
Aboriginal languages	1,540	775	770	4,475	2,155	2,320
Algonquian languages	915	485	435	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	905	470	430	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	95	55	40	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	40	25	20	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	770	395	375	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	620	290	340	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	625	285	340	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	625	285	335	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	4,475	2,160	2,320
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	25	10	20
Inuktitut	0	0	0	4,450	2,155	2,300
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	10	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	2,375	1,245	1,130	15	0	10
Afro-Asiatic languages	115	100	20	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	10	0	10	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	110	95	10	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	75	65	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	20	20	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	10	0	10	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	245	135	115	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	245	135	115	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	205	105	95	10	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	10	10	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	10	0	10	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	185	100	85	0	0	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	560	250	305	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	100	35	60	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	95	35	60	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	25	10	10	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	65	20	50	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	165	95	65	0	0	0
Afrikaans	30	10	20	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	40	25	20	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	80	50	30	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	15	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	10	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	180	75	100	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	160	70	90	0	0	0
Bengali	25	15	10	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	10	0	0	0
Hindi	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	10	0	10	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	40	20	20	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	50	25	30	0	0	0
Iranian languages	20	10	15	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	25	0	15	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	110	45	70	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	10	0
Romanian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	105	40	60	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	10	0	10	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	110	40	70	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	60	35	30	0	10	10
American Sign Language	10	0	10	0	0	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	50	30	20	10	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,030	560	465	0	0	0
Chinese languages	990	540	450	0	0	0
Cantonese	250	140	105	0	0	0
Hakka	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mandarin	605	310	300	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	135	90	40	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	40	25	20	0	0	0
Burmese	15	10	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	25	20	10	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	10	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	15	10	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	15	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	2,860	1,315	1,540	285	145	140
English and French	650	235	410	15	10	10
English and non-official language	2,190	1,065	1,125	270	135	135
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	20	15	0	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	633,320	332,445	300,875	17,000	8,780	8,220
None	613,955	323,280	290,670	7,360	4,060	3,295
English	3,515	1,450	2,070	3,665	1,705	1,960
French	3,800	1,675	2,125	355	210	140
Non-official language	11,880	5,960	5,925	5,560	2,770	2,785
Aboriginal	4,590	2,095	2,490	5,520	2,760	2,765
Non-Aboriginal	7,290	3,860	3,435	40	10	25
English and French	0	0	0	10	10	0
English and non-official language	10	0	10	0	0	0
French and non-official language	170	90	85	55	25	30
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	1,055,820	525,975	529,850	34,880	17,750	17,125
Non-movers	905,630	451,665	453,965	29,485	15,105	14,375
Movers	150,195	74,310	75,880	5,400	2,640	2,750
Non-migrants	89,005	43,990	45,015	3,560	1,760	1,800
Migrants	61,185	30,320	30,865	1,835	885	955
Internal migrants	49,930	24,855	25,075	1,785	865	925
Intraprovincial migrants	35,965	17,690	18,275	795	380	415
Interprovincial migrants	13,970	7,165	6,805	990	480	510
External migrants	11,255	5,465	5,790	50	20	30
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	998,200	496,505	501,695	31,435	16,015	15,420
Non-movers	602,890	300,715	302,175	18,455	9,575	8,880
Movers	395,310	195,790	199,520	12,975	6,440	6,535
Non-migrants	201,450	99,955	101,495	8,745	4,355	4,395
Migrants	193,860	95,835	98,025	4,235	2,085	2,150
Internal migrants	147,360	72,815	74,540	4,045	2,005	2,040
Intraprovincial migrants	98,780	47,825	50,950	1,510	755	755
Interprovincial migrants	48,585	24,995	23,590	2,535	1,250	1,285
External migrants	46,500	23,015	23,485	185	80	105

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Return to footnote 43 referrer

Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Return to footnote 47 referrer

Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 53 referrer

Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Saskatchewan [Province] and Nunavut [Territory] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 1, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Saskatchewan [Province] and Nunavut [Territory]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Saskatchewan [Province] and Nunavut [Territory]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Saskatchewan [Province] and Nunavut [Territory]