Census Profile, 2016 Census
Manitoba [Province] and New Brunswick [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Manitoba [Province]			New Brunswick [Province]
	Data quality , Manitoba [Province] Map : Manitoba [Province] Change geography 1			Data quality : New Brunswick [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	1,278,365	...	...	747,101	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	1,208,268	...	...	751,171	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	5.8	...	...	-0.5	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	539,748	...	...	359,721	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	489,050	...	...	319,773	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	2.3	...	...	10.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	552,370.99	...	...	71,388.81	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	1,278,365	631,400	646,970	747,105	365,355	381,745
0 to 14 years	243,820	125,110	118,710	110,495	56,320	54,180
0 to 4 years	81,065	41,710	39,355	34,365	17,505	16,860
5 to 9 years	83,375	42,565	40,805	38,250	19,515	18,735
10 to 14 years	79,380	40,835	38,545	37,880	19,295	18,585
15 to 64 years	835,580	417,260	418,320	487,820	240,535	247,285
15 to 19 years	82,440	42,555	39,890	40,605	20,905	19,705
20 to 24 years	86,760	44,465	42,295	41,445	21,280	20,165
25 to 29 years	86,695	43,570	43,125	39,245	19,745	19,505
30 to 34 years	85,185	42,210	42,975	41,510	20,140	21,365
35 to 39 years	81,105	39,885	41,215	44,435	21,585	22,850
40 to 44 years	79,325	39,530	39,795	48,430	23,520	24,910
45 to 49 years	79,350	39,220	40,130	51,300	25,195	26,105
50 to 54 years	89,840	44,485	45,355	61,055	29,795	31,265
55 to 59 years	87,765	43,555	44,210	61,740	30,210	31,530
60 to 64 years	77,110	37,780	39,325	58,060	28,170	29,895
65 years and over	198,965	89,025	109,945	148,785	68,500	80,280
65 to 69 years	64,905	31,280	33,625	52,160	25,595	26,570
70 to 74 years	45,980	21,940	24,040	36,050	17,695	18,360
75 to 79 years	33,555	15,250	18,305	25,300	11,835	13,465
80 to 84 years	25,315	10,740	14,575	17,650	7,515	10,135
85 years and over	29,210	9,810	19,395	17,620	5,860	11,765
85 to 89 years	17,335	6,460	10,875	10,670	3,910	6,760
90 to 94 years	8,945	2,710	6,230	5,305	1,595	3,715
95 to 99 years	2,520	580	1,940	1,435	330	1,110
100 years and over	415	60	350	205	30	185
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.1	19.8	18.3	14.8	15.4	14.2
15 to 64 years	65.4	66.1	64.7	65.3	65.8	64.8
65 years and over	15.6	14.1	17.0	19.9	18.7	21.0
85 years and over	2.3	1.6	3.0	2.4	1.6	3.1
Average age of the population	39.2	38.2	40.2	43.6	42.7	44.5
Median age of the population	38.3	37.2	39.4	45.7	44.8	46.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	489,050	...	...	319,770	...	...
Single-detached house	331,420	...	...	221,515	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	39,080	...	...	3,945	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	108,120	...	...	80,515	...	...
Semi-detached house	15,865	...	...	12,470	...	...
Row house	17,225	...	...	9,015	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	7,065	...	...	13,545	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	67,205	...	...	44,260	...	...
Other single-attached house	755	...	...	1,230	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	10,435	...	...	13,795	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	489,050	...	...	319,775	...	...
1 person	135,500	...	...	89,480	...	...
2 persons	164,880	...	...	126,820	...	...
3 persons	71,065	...	...	49,465	...	...
4 persons	66,675	...	...	37,625	...	...
5 or more persons	50,930	...	...	16,385	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,240,700	...	...	730,705	...	...
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	1,034,545	506,280	528,260	636,605	309,040	327,570
Married or living common law	593,615	297,280	296,335	379,605	189,790	189,820
Married	503,390	252,210	251,175	302,020	151,100	150,925
Living common law	90,230	45,075	45,155	77,580	38,685	38,895
Not married and not living common law	440,925	209,000	231,930	257,000	119,250	137,745
Never married	300,415	162,440	137,980	158,070	85,640	72,430
Separated	24,845	11,080	13,765	21,290	9,530	11,760
Divorced	54,860	22,780	32,080	35,680	15,275	20,405
Widowed	60,805	12,700	48,100	41,965	8,805	33,160
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	346,160	...	...	222,865	...	...
2 persons	171,435	...	...	129,065	...	...
3 persons	71,630	...	...	47,015	...	...
4 persons	65,500	...	...	34,860	...	...
5 or more persons	37,600	...	...	11,920	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	346,160	...	...	222,865	...	...
Total couple families	287,200	...	...	186,680	...	...
Married couples	242,100	...	...	147,900	...	...
Common-law couples	45,100	...	...	38,780	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	58,960	...	...	36,185	...	...
Female parent	45,930	...	...	28,650	...	...
Male parent	13,025	...	...	7,530	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	287,205	...	...	186,675	...	...
Couples without children	137,135	...	...	105,625	...	...
Couples with children	150,070	...	...	81,060	...	...
1 child	55,730	...	...	37,440	...	...
2 children	59,965	...	...	32,380	...	...
3 or more children	34,375	...	...	11,235	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	58,960	...	...	36,185	...	...
1 child	34,305	...	...	23,440	...	...
2 children	15,895	...	...	9,570	...	...
3 or more children	8,765	...	...	3,170	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	212,415	104,435	107,980	128,775	61,010	67,770
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	489,050	...	...	319,770	...	...
One-census-family households	323,125	...	...	214,235	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	130,475	...	...	102,170	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	192,650	...	...	112,070	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	11,110	...	...	4,280	...	...
Non-census-family households	154,815	...	...	101,255	...	...
One-person households	135,495	...	...	89,480	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	19,315	...	...	11,775	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	1,261,620	624,095	637,520	736,280	360,440	375,840
English only	1,135,395	566,980	568,410	420,820	210,555	210,260
French only	1,485	680	800	63,140	29,955	33,190
English and French	108,460	49,205	59,255	249,950	118,705	131,245
Neither English nor French	16,285	7,235	9,050	2,370	1,220	1,150
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	1,261,620	624,100	637,520	736,280	360,440	375,845
English	1,203,025	596,475	606,550	498,365	244,230	254,135
French	39,200	18,880	20,325	232,450	113,500	118,945
English and French	3,545	1,755	1,790	3,210	1,550	1,655
Neither English nor French	15,840	6,985	8,860	2,255	1,150	1,100
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	40,975	19,760	21,215	234,055	114,280	119,775
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	3.2	3.2	3.3	31.8	31.7	31.9
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	1,261,620	624,095	637,520	736,280	360,440	375,845
Single responses	1,230,115	608,820	621,300	726,990	356,005	370,990
Official languages	941,130	468,430	472,705	703,840	344,285	359,555
English	900,610	448,960	451,645	472,725	231,595	241,135
French	40,520	19,465	21,055	231,110	112,690	118,415
Non-official languages	288,985	140,395	148,590	23,150	11,715	11,435
Aboriginal languages	29,710	14,265	15,440	2,165	1,035	1,135
Algonquian languages	28,070	13,505	14,565	2,130	1,020	1,110
Blackfoot	5	0	5	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	14,820	7,085	7,740	10	5	5
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	5	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	30	5	20	0	0	0
Plains Cree	70	25	40	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	745	305	440	0	0	0
Woods Cree	65	20	40	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	13,915	6,725	7,195	0	5	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	5	5	2,115	1,010	1,105
Malecite	0	5	0	280	125	155
Mi'kmaq	10	5	0	1,835	885	950
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	13,235	6,410	6,825	10	5	5
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	6,730	3,180	3,550	5	5	0
Oji-Cree	6,505	3,235	3,265	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Athabaskan languages	815	375	445	5	0	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	815	380	440	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	810	375	435	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	5	0	5
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	80	20	60	20	5	15
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	65	20	45	15	5	10
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	5	5	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	5	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	80	40	40	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	5	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	630	305	330	0	0	0
Dakota	630	305	325	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	15	10	5	10	0	5
Non-Aboriginal languages	259,280	126,130	133,155	20,990	10,685	10,300
Afro-Asiatic languages	10,700	5,580	5,120	3,190	1,805	1,385
Berber languages	40	25	15	40	25	15
Kabyle	35	15	10	20	10	5
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	25	15	10
Cushitic languages	1,750	875	875	30	15	20
Bilen	155	85	70	0	0	0
Oromo	345	175	170	5	5	5
Somali	1,245	610	640	25	10	15
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	8,840	4,640	4,200	3,110	1,760	1,355
Amharic	1,770	885	885	65	35	25
Arabic	4,695	2,500	2,190	2,855	1,615	1,235
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	5	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	545	320	225	170	90	80
Maltese	40	20	25	0	0	5
Tigrigna	1,770	905	865	20	15	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	65	35	30	5	5	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	4,180	1,970	2,205	635	305	330
Khmer (Cambodian)	280	135	145	10	5	10
Vietnamese	3,895	1,840	2,060	620	305	320
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	52,905	24,685	28,220	1,375	510	865
Bikol	175	80	95	5	0	5
Cebuano	1,245	565	675	105	35	65
Fijian	35	15	15	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	390	170	220	15	5	10
Ilocano	1,365	630	730	50	15	35
Malagasy	0	0	5	15	5	10
Malay	175	65	105	45	20	30
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	655	315	340	5	0	5
Pangasinan	135	65	70	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	48,530	22,670	25,855	1,120	420	700
Waray-Waray	50	30	25	5	0	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	150	70	85	15	5	10
Creole languages	570	275	305	135	70	65
Haitian Creole	20	10	10	15	10	5
Creole, n.o.s.	290	140	145	80	30	50
Creole languages, n.i.e.	265	120	145	40	30	10
Dravidian languages	1,565	825	735	285	155	130
Kannada	95	50	40	20	15	10
Malayalam	790	410	380	40	15	20
Tamil	480	255	230	105	60	50
Telugu	195	115	80	110	60	45
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	5	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	5	0	0	5	5	0
Indo-European languages	158,350	77,605	80,750	9,325	4,790	4,530
Albanian	350	170	180	50	25	25
Armenian	65	35	30	30	15	10
Balto-Slavic languages	34,450	15,845	18,605	1,740	865	875
Baltic languages	165	65	95	55	30	30
Latvian	80	35	45	25	10	10
Lithuanian	85	35	45	35	15	15
Slavic languages	34,280	15,775	18,510	1,685	835	850
Belarusan	40	20	25	5	5	0
Bosnian	575	285	290	50	25	25
Bulgarian	140	70	65	20	10	10
Croatian	1,030	505	530	75	35	40
Czech	615	310	310	55	25	25
Macedonian	145	70	75	15	10	5
Polish	6,455	2,905	3,545	230	105	125
Russian	9,130	4,495	4,640	880	440	435
Serbian	655	335	320	105	55	45
Serbo-Croatian	240	110	130	35	15	20
Slovak	405	175	225	25	15	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	270	130	140	15	10	10
Ukrainian	14,505	6,325	8,180	170	85	90
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	75	40	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages	115	60	55	30	5	20
Scottish Gaelic	50	25	20	15	5	10
Welsh	60	30	30	10	0	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	5	0
Germanic languages	68,670	33,310	35,360	2,875	1,415	1,465
Afrikaans	420	220	205	50	30	25
Danish	280	145	135	125	55	75
Dutch	2,675	1,335	1,335	885	470	410
Frisian	55	30	25	35	25	10
German	63,825	30,940	32,890	1,650	780	865
Icelandic	475	210	260	5	0	0
Norwegian	115	45	65	40	25	20
Swedish	135	70	70	50	15	35
Vlaams (Flemish)	310	125	180	20	10	10
Yiddish	355	175	180	10	5	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	5	0	0
Greek	1,285	665	615	145	100	50
Indo-Iranian languages	32,325	17,135	15,195	1,850	1,020	835
Indo-Aryan languages	29,520	15,700	13,820	1,175	655	525
Bengali	1,170	675	495	205	120	85
Gujarati	3,115	1,660	1,455	75	40	30
Hindi	2,270	1,215	1,060	225	135	95
Kashmiri	5	5	5	0	0	0
Konkani	35	20	15	10	5	5
Marathi	135	80	50	50	20	25
Nepali	720	355	365	180	90	90
Oriya (Odia)	10	5	5	0	0	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	18,320	9,650	8,670	125	75	50
Sindhi	60	30	30	25	10	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	670	345	320	30	15	15
Urdu	3,015	1,655	1,355	240	140	100
Iranian languages	2,705	1,365	1,335	655	355	305
Kurdish	415	210	200	55	30	25
Pashto	275	130	150	25	15	10
Persian (Farsi)	2,020	1,030	990	580	310	270
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	100	60	40	15	10	10
Italic (Romance) languages	21,100	10,385	10,710	2,605	1,355	1,250
Catalan	0	0	5	5	5	0
Italian	3,840	1,910	1,930	400	225	175
Portuguese	6,585	3,190	3,390	260	130	130
Romanian	645	310	335	485	250	240
Spanish	10,005	4,965	5,040	1,460	755	705
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	5	0	0
Japanese	540	185	350	110	25	85
Kartvelian languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Georgian	15	5	5	0	0	0
Korean	3,760	1,810	1,950	1,550	800	750
Mongolic languages	20	5	15	5	5	0
Mongolian	20	5	15	5	5	5
Niger-Congo languages	3,895	1,965	1,930	700	385	315
Akan (Twi)	150	90	65	25	10	10
Bamanankan	75	25	45	60	35	25
Edo	40	20	15	0	0	0
Ewe	30	20	10	5	5	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	65	35	30	40	30	15
Ga	15	10	5	5	5	5
Ganda	50	20	30	10	0	0
Igbo	280	155	130	30	20	10
Lingala	75	30	40	25	15	15
Rundi (Kirundi)	135	60	65	45	25	20
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	250	125	120	40	20	20
Shona	110	50	60	20	10	10
Swahili	870	420	455	135	65	70
Wolof	75	50	25	25	20	10
Yoruba	1,030	525	505	30	15	20
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	640	315	325	195	105	85
Nilo-Saharan languages	395	215	180	5	0	0
Dinka	175	90	80	5	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	225	125	100	5	0	0
Sign languages	440	230	210	145	75	70
American Sign Language	240	125	115	40	20	30
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	195	100	95	95	55	45
Sino-Tibetan languages	18,880	9,320	9,565	3,115	1,570	1,545
Chinese languages	18,305	9,025	9,280	3,085	1,555	1,530
Cantonese	6,625	3,140	3,485	440	225	210
Hakka	55	30	25	20	10	10
Mandarin	10,170	5,110	5,060	2,250	1,105	1,150
Min Dong	5	5	0	0	5	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	325	150	165	35	15	15
Wu (Shanghainese)	110	55	50	100	45	55
Chinese, n.o.s.	1,010	530	475	240	150	85
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	5	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	575	295	285	30	15	15
Burmese	85	50	30	0	0	5
Karenic languages	430	215	220	25	15	10
Tibetan	10	5	5	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	55	20	35	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	1,120	525	595	60	15	50
Lao	875	445	430	5	0	0
Thai	240	85	165	55	10	45
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	5	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	340	190	150	105	60	45
Azerbaijani	30	20	15	5	5	5
Turkish	210	120	95	75	50	30
Uyghur	10	5	10	0	0	0
Uzbek	40	25	15	10	5	5
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	40	25	20	10	5	5
Uralic languages	1,440	655	790	250	115	135
Estonian	30	10	15	20	5	10
Finnish	225	85	135	45	15	30
Hungarian	1,185	550	635	185	90	95
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	155	85	70	25	10	10
Multiple responses	31,505	15,280	16,220	9,290	4,440	4,855
English and French	4,365	2,140	2,230	7,285	3,470	3,815
English and non-official language	25,965	12,530	13,440	1,535	725	810
French and non-official language	695	380	315	330	175	155
English, French and non-official language	470	230	245	145	65	75
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	1,261,620	624,100	637,520	736,280	360,435	375,845
Single responses	1,197,145	593,020	604,120	724,940	355,025	369,910
Official languages	1,052,345	521,280	531,065	712,250	348,510	363,740
English	1,035,475	513,465	522,010	505,935	247,610	258,325
French	16,865	7,815	9,055	206,315	100,900	105,415
Non-official languages	144,800	71,740	73,060	12,690	6,515	6,175
Aboriginal languages	15,770	8,020	7,750	820	400	420
Algonquian languages	15,070	7,675	7,390	820	395	420
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	7,570	3,860	3,715	0	5	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	10	5	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	10	5	5	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	120	45	75	0	0	0
Woods Cree	15	10	5	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	7,415	3,790	3,620	0	5	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	815	395	420
Malecite	0	0	0	50	25	25
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	765	370	395
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	7,495	3,820	3,675	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	2,505	1,280	1,225	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	4,990	2,545	2,455	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	635	305	330	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	635	305	330	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	630	305	330	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	15	5	10	5	5	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	10	5	0	5	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	10	5	10	5	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	35	25	10	0	0	0
Dakota	35	25	10	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	129,035	63,725	65,310	11,870	6,115	5,750
Afro-Asiatic languages	6,875	3,475	3,400	2,285	1,210	1,075
Berber languages	20	15	5	0	0	0
Kabyle	15	10	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	5	5	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	1,185	550	630	20	10	10
Bilen	120	65	55	0	0	0
Oromo	210	95	115	0	0	0
Somali	845	385	460	20	5	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	10	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	5,650	2,895	2,750	2,265	1,200	1,065
Amharic	1,045	520	525	20	10	10
Arabic	3,105	1,600	1,505	2,110	1,125	990
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	5	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	355	195	160	130	60	70
Maltese	10	5	5	0	0	5
Tigrigna	1,135	580	555	5	0	5
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	5	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,900	1,370	1,530	525	255	270
Khmer (Cambodian)	125	55	70	5	5	0
Vietnamese	2,775	1,315	1,460	520	250	270
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	27,215	13,065	14,155	510	235	270
Bikol	30	15	15	0	0	0
Cebuano	495	250	245	40	15	25
Fijian	15	5	10	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	125	55	75	0	0	0
Ilocano	390	190	200	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	5	0	5
Malay	55	25	30	15	0	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	245	120	130	0	0	0
Pangasinan	30	15	15	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	25,790	12,375	13,420	450	215	235
Waray-Waray	10	5	5	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0	0	5
Creole languages	290	120	165	65	25	35
Haitian Creole	10	5	5	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	165	75	85	20	0	15
Creole languages, n.i.e.	115	45	75	45	20	20
Dravidian languages	800	400	400	110	60	45
Kannada	45	25	25	5	0	0
Malayalam	405	195	205	20	5	10
Tamil	240	120	120	35	20	20
Telugu	110	60	50	45	30	15
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	70,820	35,325	35,495	4,160	2,175	1,990
Albanian	155	80	75	30	15	10
Armenian	20	10	5	20	5	10
Balto-Slavic languages	11,685	5,670	6,015	975	505	470
Baltic languages	25	10	15	35	20	15
Latvian	15	5	5	10	5	5
Lithuanian	10	5	5	25	15	10
Slavic languages	11,660	5,660	6,000	935	480	455
Belarusan	0	5	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	285	145	140	25	15	10
Bulgarian	65	30	30	5	5	0
Croatian	320	145	180	25	10	15
Czech	115	55	60	5	0	5
Macedonian	85	35	45	0	0	0
Polish	2,010	910	1,105	55	25	30
Russian	5,530	2,780	2,745	620	320	305
Serbian	335	170	170	80	45	35
Serbo-Croatian	90	40	50	5	5	5
Slovak	70	35	35	5	5	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	55	20	30	0	0	0
Ukrainian	2,690	1,285	1,405	90	50	40
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	20	15	10	10	0	5
Scottish Gaelic	5	5	0	5	0	5
Welsh	10	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	25,825	12,700	13,125	640	320	320
Afrikaans	200	100	100	35	15	20
Danish	10	5	5	5	5	5
Dutch	270	135	130	150	80	75
Frisian	10	5	5	5	0	5
German	24,795	12,185	12,615	425	215	210
Icelandic	35	15	20	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	5	5	5	0	5
Swedish	10	5	5	5	0	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	5	10	10	5	5
Yiddish	10	5	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	465	240	225	0	0	0
Greek	535	255	280	45	25	25
Indo-Iranian languages	22,810	11,920	10,890	1,140	595	545
Indo-Aryan languages	21,010	11,055	9,950	655	335	325
Bengali	690	390	305	130	70	60
Gujarati	2,100	1,095	1,005	40	15	20
Hindi	1,335	715	620	115	60	50
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	10	5	5	5	5	0
Marathi	40	25	20	20	10	10
Nepali	540	265	280	135	60	75
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	14,000	7,330	6,670	50	25	25
Sindhi	30	10	15	10	5	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	360	190	170	5	5	5
Urdu	1,895	1,035	860	140	75	70
Iranian languages	1,755	835	920	470	255	220
Kurdish	275	135	140	35	25	10
Pashto	165	70	95	15	5	5
Persian (Farsi)	1,315	635	685	425	225	195
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	50	25	20	15	10	5
Italic (Romance) languages	9,765	4,670	5,090	1,305	705	600
Catalan	0	0	0	5	5	0
Italian	1,035	450	590	85	40	45
Portuguese	2,800	1,305	1,500	110	50	60
Romanian	235	110	125	290	145	140
Spanish	5,695	2,810	2,885	820	470	350
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	175	75	105	20	10	15
Kartvelian languages	10	5	0	0	0	0
Georgian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Korean	2,915	1,430	1,490	1,245	645	605
Mongolic languages	5	0	5	5	0	0
Mongolian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	1,410	695	720	240	125	120
Akan (Twi)	45	30	20	10	5	10
Bamanankan	15	5	5	20	15	5
Edo	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ewe	5	5	5	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	35	15	15	10	10	5
Ga	5	0	0	5	0	0
Ganda	5	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	75	40	35	5	5	0
Lingala	40	20	20	10	5	5
Rundi (Kirundi)	65	35	35	20	15	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	105	55	50	10	5	5
Shona	10	5	10	5	0	5
Swahili	500	240	265	80	35	45
Wolof	25	20	10	5	5	0
Yoruba	345	175	170	5	5	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	125	50	75	50	25	25
Nilo-Saharan languages	130	60	70	0	0	0
Dinka	80	35	45	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	0	0	0
Sign languages	560	310	255	200	115	85
American Sign Language	255	135	120	55	30	25
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	305	170	135	150	90	60
Sino-Tibetan languages	13,910	6,920	6,985	2,390	1,210	1,175
Chinese languages	13,445	6,685	6,765	2,365	1,195	1,170
Cantonese	4,455	2,105	2,350	260	130	130
Hakka	25	10	15	5	0	0
Mandarin	8,080	4,105	3,975	1,855	930	920
Min Dong	5	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	135	65	70	15	10	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	65	30	35	85	40	45
Chinese, n.o.s.	675	365	315	140	80	55
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	10	0	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	465	235	225	25	15	10
Burmese	55	30	25	5	0	0
Karenic languages	370	190	180	20	10	10
Tibetan	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	40	15	20	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	535	250	280	10	0	5
Lao	430	210	220	0	0	0
Thai	105	40	65	10	5	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	135	70	65	30	15	10
Azerbaijani	10	5	10	0	0	0
Turkish	65	35	35	25	15	5
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	35	20	15	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0	0	0
Uralic languages	305	140	165	70	35	40
Estonian	0	0	0	5	0	0
Finnish	35	15	15	5	5	5
Hungarian	270	125	145	55	30	30
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	40	25	20	0	0	0
Multiple responses	64,475	31,080	33,400	11,345	5,415	5,925
English and French	3,090	1,440	1,645	7,275	3,370	3,905
English and non-official language	60,090	28,995	31,090	3,435	1,715	1,720
French and non-official language	415	215	205	340	185	160
English, French and non-official language	885	420	455	290	140	145
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	1,261,615	624,095	637,520	736,280	360,435	375,845
None	1,079,050	535,990	543,065	647,960	318,560	329,400
English	76,350	37,795	38,550	49,925	24,065	25,855
French	20,200	9,130	11,075	30,030	13,760	16,275
Non-official language	83,315	39,860	43,455	7,545	3,650	3,895
Aboriginal	16,105	7,590	8,515	1,300	625	685
Non-Aboriginal	67,215	32,275	34,940	6,240	3,030	3,210
English and French	305	150	150	180	90	90
English and non-official language	1,610	815	790	300	160	145
French and non-official language	770	345	420	335	155	185
English, French and non-official language	20	5	10	10	5	5
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	1,001,305	491,590	509,715	620,390	301,645	318,745
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	954,035	467,790	486,250	594,705	289,220	305,485
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,188	40,379	29,220	30,961	37,516	25,796
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	954,205	467,820	486,390	594,920	289,245	305,680
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,465	35,150	26,561	28,107	33,169	23,945
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	859,545	431,145	428,400	516,780	259,945	256,835
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,592	39,229	26,692	28,444	34,830	23,278
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	701,840	309,530	392,310	439,645	193,975	245,675
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	4,268	1,890	5,434	8,164	9,210	7,321
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	722,785	374,850	347,935	423,915	219,135	204,780
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,677	39,365	28,679	29,124	34,784	24,769
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	1,001,305	491,580	509,725	620,395	301,650	318,745
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	953,960	467,575	486,385	594,650	289,140	305,510
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,767	51,068	36,747	39,141	46,154	32,504
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	954,175	467,605	486,565	594,870	289,165	305,700
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,957	41,013	31,097	33,022	38,151	28,171
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	859,575	431,035	428,540	516,685	259,855	256,830
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,776	50,803	34,704	37,432	44,240	30,543
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	701,830	308,940	392,890	440,195	194,240	245,955
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,099	6,411	7,640	8,938	9,519	8,480
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	722,785	374,535	348,250	423,915	218,800	205,110
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,551	49,417	35,168	37,611	43,456	31,376
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	1,001,310	491,580	509,725	620,390	301,645	318,745
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	350,580	201,335	149,245	197,290	104,215	93,075
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	50,026	54,580	44,818	46,349	52,010	41,058
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	59,523	65,410	51,581	54,011	60,796	46,415
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	88.0	91.7	83.1	83.2	86.2	79.0
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	73.6	77.4	68.6	68.5	71.3	64.7
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	12.0	8.3	16.9	16.8	13.8	21.0
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	1,001,310	491,585	509,720	620,390	301,650	318,745
Without total income	47,270	23,800	23,470	25,680	12,430	13,260
With total income	954,040	467,790	486,245	594,710	289,220	305,490
Percentage with total income	95.3	95.2	95.4	95.9	95.9	95.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	137,700	62,550	75,150	80,700	32,655	48,050
$10,000 to $19,999	150,320	58,320	91,995	109,015	40,415	68,600
$20,000 to $29,999	136,510	54,950	81,560	99,025	40,480	58,540
$30,000 to $39,999	123,685	55,805	67,885	83,770	41,360	42,405
$40,000 to $49,999	109,710	54,650	55,060	65,795	35,080	30,715
$50,000 to $59,999	80,625	45,170	35,460	44,810	26,560	18,250
$60,000 to $69,999	58,785	35,250	23,535	32,185	20,270	11,920
$70,000 to $79,999	43,365	26,465	16,895	24,565	14,130	10,430
$80,000 to $89,999	34,000	20,100	13,905	17,095	9,915	7,180
$90,000 to $99,999	21,980	13,545	8,440	10,240	6,980	3,260
$100,000 and over	57,355	40,985	16,370	27,515	21,380	6,135
$100,000 to $149,999	40,870	28,585	12,285	19,765	15,195	4,570
$150,000 and over	16,490	12,395	4,090	7,750	6,185	1,565
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	1,001,305	491,585	509,720	620,390	301,645	318,750
Without after-tax income	47,100	23,770	23,330	25,470	12,405	13,070
With after-tax income	954,205	467,820	486,390	594,920	289,240	305,680
Percentage with after-tax income	95.3	95.2	95.4	95.9	95.9	95.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	142,035	63,525	78,510	83,590	33,140	50,455
$10,000 to $19,999	161,865	63,410	98,460	115,730	43,245	72,485
$20,000 to $29,999	165,880	68,985	96,895	118,940	51,335	67,610
$30,000 to $39,999	153,680	73,335	80,350	98,230	50,770	47,460
$40,000 to $49,999	116,415	63,755	52,660	67,470	38,665	28,810
$50,000 to $59,999	78,105	46,940	31,160	42,775	26,495	16,280
$60,000 to $69,999	53,870	32,165	21,705	28,790	16,435	12,355
$70,000 to $79,999	31,690	19,680	12,010	14,945	10,205	4,740
$80,000 and over	50,655	36,025	14,630	24,450	18,955	5,500
$80,000 to $89,999	18,025	12,260	5,760	8,385	6,340	2,040
$90,000 to $99,999	10,325	7,305	3,015	5,060	3,970	1,090
$100,000 and over	22,305	16,460	5,850	11,005	8,640	2,365
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	1,001,305	491,590	509,720	620,390	301,645	318,745
Without employment income	278,525	116,740	161,775	196,475	82,515	113,965
With employment income	722,785	374,845	347,940	423,910	219,140	204,775
Percentage with employment income	72.2	76.3	68.3	68.3	72.6	64.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	90,045	42,675	47,375	54,590	26,540	28,045
$5,000 to $9,999	54,560	23,875	30,690	36,840	15,720	21,120
$10,000 to $19,999	94,460	41,920	52,535	65,895	29,920	35,975
$20,000 to $29,999	89,540	39,650	49,895	59,240	25,955	33,280
$30,000 to $39,999	88,340	41,905	46,440	50,190	24,930	25,260
$40,000 to $49,999	77,755	40,205	37,550	42,140	22,160	19,980
$50,000 to $59,999	58,900	34,355	24,550	29,910	18,180	11,730
$60,000 to $69,999	44,085	27,115	16,970	23,390	14,620	8,770
$70,000 to $79,999	34,450	21,375	13,075	19,515	10,565	8,950
$80,000 and over	90,650	61,780	28,865	42,210	30,540	11,665
$80,000 to $89,999	28,365	16,860	11,505	13,190	7,840	5,345
$90,000 to $99,999	17,635	11,355	6,275	8,105	5,685	2,420
$100,000 and over	44,650	33,560	11,095	20,915	17,015	3,895
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	489,050	...	...	319,770	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	68,147	...	...	59,347	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	59,093	...	...	52,553	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	135,495	...	...	89,480	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	35,846	...	...	28,747	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,538	...	...	26,387	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	353,550	...	...	230,290	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	84,532	...	...	74,207	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	72,688	...	...	65,063	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	489,050	...	...	319,775	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	85,373	...	...	72,786	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	70,154	...	...	61,431	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	135,440	...	...	89,455	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	44,208	...	...	36,505	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	36,503	...	...	31,242	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	353,605	...	...	230,320	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	101,140	...	...	86,878	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	83,044	...	...	73,156	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	489,050	...	...	319,775	...	...
Under $5,000	9,250	...	...	3,940	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	8,175	...	...	7,800	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	11,450	...	...	6,835	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	18,260	...	...	17,765	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	21,395	...	...	16,400	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	19,035	...	...	16,335	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	21,090	...	...	17,830	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	21,745	...	...	16,875	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	21,605	...	...	15,365	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	21,225	...	...	14,845	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	40,240	...	...	27,735	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	37,910	...	...	25,205	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	34,275	...	...	22,750	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	31,555	...	...	19,415	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	27,215	...	...	16,030	...	...
$100,000 and over	144,620	...	...	74,655	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	52,495	...	...	29,535	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	34,595	...	...	18,605	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	34,670	...	...	17,050	...	...
$200,000 and over	22,865	...	...	9,460	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	489,050	...	...	319,770	...	...
Under $5,000	9,725	...	...	4,090	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	8,315	...	...	7,880	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	11,860	...	...	6,980	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	19,325	...	...	18,630	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	24,370	...	...	18,705	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	22,665	...	...	18,580	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	25,915	...	...	20,540	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	26,725	...	...	19,550	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	25,965	...	...	18,165	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	25,290	...	...	17,920	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	48,610	...	...	32,930	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	44,280	...	...	29,175	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	38,890	...	...	23,970	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	32,370	...	...	19,330	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	26,890	...	...	15,105	...	...
$100,000 and over	97,850	...	...	48,225	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	46,355	...	...	25,135	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	24,795	...	...	11,980	...	...
$150,000 and over	26,705	...	...	11,110	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	341,205	...	...	221,680	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	84,441	...	...	74,353	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	72,563	...	...	65,100	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	127,580	...	...	99,865	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	79,103	...	...	67,988	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	67,596	...	...	59,801	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	150,585	...	...	82,260	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	104,902	...	...	100,315	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	89,307	...	...	85,717	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.2	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	52,215	...	...	33,580	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	49,922	...	...	42,992	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	46,048	...	...	40,671	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.9	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	341,235	...	...	221,740	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	101,410	...	...	87,048	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	83,132	...	...	73,197	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	127,710	...	...	99,840	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	95,583	...	...	79,085	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	77,743	...	...	66,576	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	150,695	...	...	82,415	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	122,176	...	...	111,901	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	99,399	...	...	92,699	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	52,130	...	...	33,455	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	60,006	...	...	51,119	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	52,307	...	...	45,687	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	175,270	86,935	88,335	114,825	54,970	59,850
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	32,927	35,568	30,818	27,250	30,122	25,182
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	29,429	31,130	28,062	25,167	27,154	23,916
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	174,945	86,380	88,565	114,375	54,300	60,075
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	40,853	43,332	38,434	34,738	37,330	32,395
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	33,961	35,291	32,663	29,845	31,431	28,411
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	1,240,700	614,440	626,260	730,710	357,860	372,850
In the bottom half of the distribution	687,930	332,640	355,290	428,180	204,170	224,005
In the bottom decile	151,750	74,825	76,930	80,120	37,430	42,695
In the second decile	135,485	62,035	73,450	94,165	42,190	51,980
In the third decile	135,395	64,805	70,590	87,075	41,905	45,170
In the fourth decile	132,755	65,185	67,575	85,610	42,275	43,335
In the fifth decile	132,540	65,790	66,750	81,200	40,375	40,825
In the top half of the distribution	552,770	281,805	270,965	302,530	153,685	148,845
In the sixth decile	127,575	64,305	63,265	77,345	38,915	38,425
In the seventh decile	123,505	62,770	60,735	73,185	37,190	36,005
In the eighth decile	116,805	59,460	57,350	65,090	32,815	32,275
In the ninth decile	104,820	53,835	50,980	52,050	26,635	25,410
In the top decile	80,070	41,435	38,640	34,860	18,130	16,730
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	1,175,720	581,585	594,135	722,550	353,870	368,680
0 to 17 years	260,905	134,075	126,830	131,930	67,285	64,645
0 to 5 years	85,935	44,240	41,695	40,900	20,805	20,100
18 to 64 years	737,035	365,965	371,070	452,805	221,675	231,130
65 years and over	177,780	81,540	96,235	137,820	64,915	72,905
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	180,880	85,185	95,690	123,820	55,990	67,825
0 to 17 years	57,185	29,390	27,790	29,250	14,930	14,320
0 to 5 years	21,325	10,970	10,355	10,285	5,260	5,030
18 to 64 years	98,920	46,630	52,285	66,745	29,975	36,770
65 years and over	24,785	9,165	15,615	27,830	11,090	16,745
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	15.4	14.6	16.1	17.1	15.8	18.4
0 to 17 years (%)	21.9	21.9	21.9	22.2	22.2	22.2
0 to 5 years (%)	24.8	24.8	24.8	25.1	25.3	25.0
18 to 64 years (%)	13.4	12.7	14.1	14.7	13.5	15.9
65 years and over (%)	13.9	11.2	16.2	20.2	17.1	23.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	115,965	56,255	59,705	49,830	24,165	25,660
0 to 17 years	33,260	17,040	16,220	11,520	5,890	5,630
0 to 5 years	12,310	6,325	5,985	4,200	2,145	2,055
18 to 64 years	73,655	35,895	37,760	35,680	17,255	18,425
65 years and over	9,045	3,325	5,725	2,630	1,025	1,605
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	9.9	9.7	10.0	6.9	6.8	7.0
0 to 17 years (%)	12.7	12.7	12.8	8.7	8.8	8.7
0 to 5 years (%)	14.3	14.3	14.4	10.3	10.3	10.2
18 to 64 years (%)	10.0	9.8	10.2	7.9	7.8	8.0
65 years and over (%)	5.1	4.1	5.9	1.9	1.6	2.2
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	1,240,700	614,440	626,260	730,710	357,855	372,850
Official languages	1,224,985	607,375	617,605	728,310	356,615	371,690
English	1,223,665	606,760	616,905	666,315	326,905	339,415
French	108,560	49,435	59,130	310,550	147,845	162,705
Non-official languages	340,250	165,150	175,100	34,880	17,355	17,525
Aboriginal languages	40,465	19,410	21,050	3,065	1,470	1,595
Algonquian languages	38,305	18,375	19,930	2,990	1,455	1,540
Blackfoot	10	0	10	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	20,975	10,025	10,955	10	0	10
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	10	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	85	25	55	0	0	0
Plains Cree	190	90	100	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	1,140	505	640	0	0	10
Woods Cree	130	65	65	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	19,435	9,340	10,095	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	10	0	2,965	1,435	1,530
Malecite	10	10	0	720	335	385
Mi'kmaq	10	0	0	2,265	1,115	1,150
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	17,710	8,520	9,185	15	15	0
Algonquin	10	0	0	0	10	0
Ojibway	9,685	4,560	5,125	10	10	0
Oji-Cree	8,045	3,975	4,070	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	1,120	525	595	10	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	1,110	520	590	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	1,110	520	595	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	110	55	55	55	10	45
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	80	35	45	45	10	40
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	15	10	10	10	0	10
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	15	10	10	10	0	10
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	210	115	95	10	10	0
Salish languages	0	0	10	0	10	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	10	0	10	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	760	365	395	0	0	0
Dakota	760	360	400	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	10	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	35	15	20	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	299,900	145,795	154,110	31,865	15,915	15,955
Afro-Asiatic languages	15,730	8,320	7,410	4,355	2,385	1,980
Berber languages	85	50	40	80	40	35
Kabyle	45	25	20	40	20	15
Berber languages, n.i.e.	50	35	10	40	25	20
Cushitic languages	2,300	1,195	1,105	15	10	0
Bilen	210	120	85	0	0	0
Oromo	535	275	260	0	0	0
Somali	1,550	790	760	10	10	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	15	10	0	0	0
Semitic languages	13,685	7,300	6,390	4,300	2,340	1,960
Amharic	2,475	1,370	1,105	165	100	65
Arabic	6,650	3,590	3,055	3,685	2,030	1,660
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15	0	10	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	10	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	3,370	1,735	1,635	435	205	230
Maltese	65	30	35	0	10	0
Tigrigna	2,225	1,175	1,050	50	25	25
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	155	80	80	15	15	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5,230	2,545	2,685	835	430	400
Khmer (Cambodian)	335	185	150	10	0	0
Vietnamese	4,905	2,370	2,535	820	435	390
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Austronesian languages	65,305	30,220	35,090	1,790	695	1,090
Bikol	225	100	125	10	0	10
Cebuano	1,615	805	810	185	70	115
Fijian	65	35	30	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	425	180	245	35	10	30
Ilocano	1,875	880	990	50	10	45
Malagasy	0	0	0	25	10	15
Malay	375	180	195	75	20	55
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	945	415	530	0	0	0
Pangasinan	205	100	110	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	64,165	29,640	34,520	1,595	625	970
Waray-Waray	115	55	55	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	200	80	120	20	15	0
Creole languages	1,310	605	705	430	195	235
Haitian Creole	25	10	15	50	20	30
Creole, n.o.s.	635	310	315	240	105	135
Creole languages, n.i.e.	680	305	375	140	75	65
Dravidian languages	1,840	945	895	435	245	195
Kannada	175	95	80	60	30	25
Malayalam	830	400	430	55	35	25
Tamil	655	330	325	190	115	75
Telugu	255	150	110	175	90	85
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	20	10	10
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Indo-European languages	175,950	86,435	89,510	16,505	8,155	8,350
Albanian	390	195	195	80	45	35
Armenian	65	50	15	60	35	25
Balto-Slavic languages	39,530	18,780	20,745	2,065	1,100	965
Baltic languages	230	90	140	55	40	20
Latvian	115	45	70	20	10	10
Lithuanian	120	50	65	30	20	10
Slavic languages	39,360	18,720	20,640	2,025	1,070	955
Belarusan	65	25	45	10	0	0
Bosnian	835	405	430	75	40	40
Bulgarian	155	95	60	45	15	35
Croatian	1,595	765	825	95	45	55
Czech	735	335	395	115	65	45
Macedonian	140	75	60	35	25	10
Polish	7,655	3,625	4,035	320	165	160
Russian	13,455	6,715	6,740	1,200	630	570
Serbian	870	470	400	90	70	20
Serbo-Croatian	190	75	115	40	30	10
Slovak	480	215	260	45	15	30
Slovene (Slovenian)	275	100	175	15	10	0
Ukrainian	17,095	7,795	9,305	310	145	165
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	70	35	30	10	10	10
Celtic languages	225	125	100	140	40	100
Scottish Gaelic	90	65	25	95	20	75
Welsh	90	45	45	10	0	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	45	15	25	40	20	20
Germanic languages	68,285	33,250	35,035	4,745	2,360	2,380
Afrikaans	715	330	385	130	70	60
Danish	270	120	150	155	60	95
Dutch	3,120	1,555	1,565	1,185	560	625
Frisian	90	65	30	50	40	15
German	61,760	30,170	31,600	3,260	1,675	1,580
Icelandic	560	225	335	10	10	0
Norwegian	290	115	175	130	65	65
Swedish	270	125	150	110	45	60
Vlaams (Flemish)	270	120	155	40	20	25
Yiddish	545	235	315	20	20	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	2,490	1,285	1,205	0	0	0
Greek	2,010	1,015	1,000	220	125	95
Indo-Iranian languages	38,760	20,480	18,280	2,325	1,275	1,050
Indo-Aryan languages	35,830	18,990	16,835	1,570	875	695
Bengali	1,520	885	635	225	150	80
Gujarati	3,905	2,065	1,840	110	45	65
Hindi	12,900	6,900	6,000	790	430	355
Kashmiri	20	15	10	0	0	0
Konkani	40	30	10	0	0	0
Marathi	275	170	105	55	20	30
Nepali	600	285	315	185	90	95
Oriya (Odia)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	22,900	12,035	10,865	205	130	75
Sindhi	150	85	65	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	920	500	420	35	10	20
Urdu	4,600	2,540	2,060	355	215	140
Iranian languages	3,035	1,525	1,515	805	430	375
Kurdish	600	295	305	130	65	60
Pashto	290	135	150	60	45	20
Persian (Farsi)	2,295	1,175	1,120	620	330	285
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	230	125	105	10	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	34,360	16,630	17,735	7,600	3,540	4,055
Catalan	15	10	10	15	10	0
Italian	5,350	2,610	2,735	825	405	420
Portuguese	8,460	4,125	4,335	450	250	200
Romanian	785	395	390	555	290	265
Spanish	20,605	9,910	10,695	6,065	2,775	3,290
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	60	45	15	10	0	10
Japanese	1,160	550	605	430	190	240
Kartvelian languages	10	0	15	0	0	0
Georgian	15	0	15	0	0	0
Korean	4,240	2,100	2,145	1,695	860	835
Mongolic languages	55	20	35	10	10	10
Mongolian	55	20	30	15	10	10
Niger-Congo languages	7,970	4,125	3,845	1,525	890	640
Akan (Twi)	260	165	95	35	15	25
Bamanankan	160	95	65	155	70	85
Edo	95	60	30	0	0	0
Ewe	50	30	20	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	50	25	25	100	85	15
Ga	30	10	15	10	10	0
Ganda	230	110	120	10	10	0
Igbo	665	345	325	60	50	15
Lingala	655	315	345	125	95	35
Rundi (Kirundi)	205	105	105	90	55	35
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	305	155	155	70	40	30
Shona	250	110	140	40	15	25
Swahili	1,930	1,020	905	355	185	170
Wolof	150	85	70	70	45	25
Yoruba	2,630	1,330	1,295	60	45	20
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	1,440	765	680	545	315	230
Nilo-Saharan languages	410	225	185	10	0	0
Dinka	180	105	75	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	225	120	105	0	0	0
Sign languages	2,670	985	1,685	1,155	450	705
American Sign Language	1,710	625	1,090	425	150	280
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	15	10	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	975	365	610	745	305	435
Sino-Tibetan languages	21,130	10,490	10,650	3,585	1,885	1,700
Chinese languages	20,475	10,185	10,285	3,510	1,855	1,660
Cantonese	8,310	3,920	4,390	610	285	320
Hakka	50	30	20	0	0	0
Mandarin	12,825	6,460	6,365	2,760	1,455	1,310
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	480	230	250	60	30	30
Wu (Shanghainese)	185	95	85	140	65	75
Chinese, n.o.s.	1,115	600	510	310	195	115
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	10	30
Tibeto-Burman languages	675	310	370	70	30	40
Burmese	185	115	70	0	0	0
Karenic languages	465	200	265	65	25	45
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	145	60	80	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	1,565	730	835	85	20	65
Lao	1,120	520	600	10	0	10
Thai	575	270	305	80	20	60
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	510	250	265	175	105	75
Azerbaijani	50	25	30	0	0	0
Turkish	365	180	185	165	105	60
Uyghur	30	15	10	0	0	0
Uzbek	40	20	15	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	45	15	30	10	0	10
Uralic languages	1,550	730	815	270	130	140
Estonian	45	20	25	20	15	0
Finnish	265	105	160	35	15	20
Hungarian	1,235	600	635	220	105	115
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	445	290	150	100	70	30
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	1,240,700	614,440	626,260	730,710	357,855	372,855
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	1,133,080	560,165	572,920	710,775	347,905	362,875
Canadian citizens aged under 18	266,225	136,640	129,585	130,785	66,795	63,990
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	866,855	423,520	443,335	579,995	281,110	298,880
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	107,620	54,280	53,340	19,925	9,950	9,980
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	1,240,700	614,445	626,255	730,710	357,855	372,850
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	996,860	494,285	502,570	692,535	339,090	353,445
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	227,465	111,095	116,365	33,810	16,175	17,640
Before 1981	50,025	23,340	26,680	11,545	5,265	6,275
1981 to 1990	20,205	10,190	10,010	2,735	1,340	1,390
1991 to 2000	23,040	11,165	11,875	2,975	1,490	1,490
2001 to 2010	70,985	35,305	35,680	7,235	3,530	3,710
2001 to 2005	22,570	11,195	11,370	2,435	1,110	1,330
2006 to 2010	48,415	24,110	24,305	4,800	2,415	2,385
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	63,210	31,095	32,120	9,330	4,560	4,770
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	16,375	9,055	7,320	4,360	2,590	1,770
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	227,470	111,100	116,370	33,815	16,175	17,635
Under 5 years	25,595	12,975	12,625	5,135	2,350	2,790
5 to 14 years	45,570	23,305	22,265	7,290	3,585	3,705
15 to 24 years	44,585	20,820	23,770	5,790	2,525	3,265
25 to 44 years	93,700	45,160	48,540	12,640	6,100	6,535
45 years and over	18,010	8,845	9,170	2,955	1,615	1,340
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	227,465	111,095	116,365	33,815	16,175	17,635
Americas	31,980	15,285	16,700	9,420	4,205	5,210
Brazil	435	170	265	55	20	30
Colombia	1,050	510	545	215	85	130
El Salvador	2,480	1,325	1,155	115	85	30
Guyana	1,135	515	620	80	40	45
Haiti	155	75	80	170	70	100
Jamaica	1,810	835	970	120	85	40
Mexico	6,655	3,330	3,320	160	50	110
Peru	235	85	150	60	35	25
Trinidad and Tobago	1,505	785	720	115	70	40
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	7,100	3,100	4,000	7,620	3,315	4,305
Other places of birth in Americas	9,425	4,550	4,875	715	355	360
Europe	56,705	27,815	28,890	10,985	5,335	5,650
Bosnia and Herzegovina	1,055	530	525	100	55	50
Croatia	975	445	535	60	35	25
France	795	425	365	760	425	340
Germany	10,390	5,215	5,175	1,615	740	880
Greece	820	445	375	95	60	40
Hungary	815	435	375	100	35	65
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	650	310	340	160	75	85
Italy	2,755	1,405	1,350	210	125	85
Netherlands	2,250	1,185	1,060	975	505	465
Poland	5,280	2,455	2,820	195	90	100
Portugal	4,380	2,170	2,210	130	85	45
Romania	720	345	375	485	245	240
Russian Federation	4,245	2,035	2,210	245	115	135
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	355	175	175	30	25	10
Ukraine	4,765	2,250	2,515	250	120	130
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	11,665	5,655	6,015	4,600	2,160	2,445
Other places of birth in Europe	4,790	2,325	2,470	970	455	515
Africa	17,975	9,495	8,485	2,565	1,420	1,140
Algeria	115	60	55	165	90	75
Egypt	980	525	455	120	75	45
Ethiopia	2,525	1,360	1,165	120	65	60
Kenya	935	470	465	60	30	30
Morocco	250	140	110	200	120	75
Nigeria	3,820	2,070	1,750	115	65	50
Somalia	755	350	415	15	10	10
South Africa, Republic of	975	465	505	165	85	80
Other places of birth in Africa	7,630	4,055	3,570	1,615	885	725
Asia	120,230	58,215	62,015	10,625	5,105	5,520
Afghanistan	615	285	330	20	10	0
Bangladesh	880	475	400	100	55	50
China^{Census data footnote 59}	9,250	4,460	4,790	2,210	1,040	1,175
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	1,460	715	735	120	60	55
India	21,990	11,395	10,595	820	435	380
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	1,180	655	530	490	260	230
Iraq	860	460	400	70	25	45
Japan	225	70	150	90	15	75
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	2,880	1,415	1,470	1,495	775	720
Lebanon	265	165	100	390	225	165
Pakistan	3,125	1,675	1,450	225	130	95
Philippines	61,950	28,800	33,150	1,340	475	870
Sri Lanka	1,015	515	505	40	15	30
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	805	390	410	1,225	605	620
Taiwan	215	110	110	80	25	55
Viet Nam	4,225	2,035	2,185	720	355	365
Other places of birth in Asia	9,285	4,590	4,695	1,195	600	595
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	575	290	280	220	110	110
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	63,210	31,095	32,115	9,325	4,555	4,775
Americas	4,130	1,840	2,290	900	430	475
Brazil	100	35	65	20	10	10
Colombia	185	70	120	40	20	15
Cuba	75	25	55	10	10	10
Haiti	15	10	0	45	15	30
Jamaica	340	175	165	40	25	10
Mexico	875	415	465	25	10	20
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	970	445	525	585	285	300
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	75	30	40	25	10	20
Other places of birth in Americas	1,490	640	850	110	45	70
Europe	5,155	2,650	2,505	1,405	695	710
France	135	70	75	300	165	130
Germany	580	310	265	85	45	45
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	135	80	60	30	15	15
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	160	85	70	25	10	20
Romania	70	30	35	245	130	120
Russian Federation	1,145	530	610	90	35	55
Ukraine	1,320	670	650	100	50	50
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	550	290	265	240	145	100
Other places of birth in Europe	1,060	590	470	280	105	180
Africa	7,860	4,120	3,735	975	550	425
Algeria	20	10	10	15	20	0
Cameroon	65	45	20	45	35	10
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	740	360	380	155	75	80
Côte d'Ivoire	95	35	60	10	0	0
Egypt	415	220	190	40	20	20
Eritrea	795	430	360	35	15	25
Ethiopia	810	425	380	45	20	25
Morocco	70	30	35	40	30	10
Nigeria	2,630	1,415	1,215	40	15	25
Somalia	385	160	215	10	0	10
South Africa, Republic of	225	110	120	35	20	15
Tunisia	65	45	20	50	30	20
Other places of birth in Africa	1,555	820	735	455	265	185
Asia	45,915	22,395	23,520	6,015	2,865	3,150
Afghanistan	60	35	25	0	0	0
Bangladesh	360	195	170	25	10	15
China^{Census data footnote 59}	3,390	1,635	1,760	1,390	690	700
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	185	105	80	10	10	0
India	10,915	5,675	5,240	265	140	125
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	425	230	195	255	130	125
Iraq	330	175	155	45	20	25
Israel	595	340	260	200	90	110
Japan	45	25	25	15	0	15
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	1,300	665	640	600	290	310
Lebanon	140	100	35	130	75	55
Nepal	210	70	140	45	15	35
Pakistan	1,535	800	735	70	40	30
Philippines	22,885	10,645	12,245	925	345	580
Saudi Arabia	325	145	180	45	40	10
Sri Lanka	250	140	115	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	635	325	310	1,145	550	595
Taiwan	20	0	10	10	0	0
Turkey	40	30	10	45	40	10
United Arab Emirates	110	55	55	30	20	10
Viet Nam	495	220	275	500	250	255
Other places of birth in Asia	1,650	785	870	265	100	160
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	150	80	70	40	25	15
Australia	80	25	60	20	10	10
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	65	55	15	20	10	10
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	1,240,695	614,440	626,260	730,710	357,855	372,850
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	249,625	123,035	126,585	41,395	20,445	20,955
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	197,530	97,135	100,395	43,370	21,150	22,220
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	793,545	394,265	399,280	645,945	316,270	329,675
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	180,810	89,380	91,425	22,665	11,085	11,575
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	119,845	60,680	59,165	13,205	6,735	6,470
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	44,415	27,435	16,980	5,115	3,595	1,520
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	75,430	33,250	42,185	8,090	3,140	4,950
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	39,875	17,355	22,525	6,100	2,625	3,475
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	20,550	11,155	9,395	3,240	1,675	1,570
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	540	195	345	110	55	60
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	1,240,700	614,440	626,260	730,710	357,860	372,855
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	223,310	108,495	114,815	29,385	14,690	14,695
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	220,470	107,145	113,330	28,160	14,120	14,040
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	130,510	62,955	67,550	17,575	8,555	9,015
Métis	89,355	43,895	45,465	10,200	5,370	4,835
Inuk (Inuit)	610	295	310	385	190	190
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	2,020	985	1,030	470	210	260
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	820	365	450	750	360	390
Non-Aboriginal identity	1,017,385	505,945	511,445	701,325	343,170	358,155
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	1,240,700	614,440	626,255	730,705	357,855	372,850
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	127,250	61,300	65,950	14,305	7,085	7,225
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,113,450	553,140	560,305	716,405	350,775	365,625
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	1,240,700	614,440	626,255	730,710	357,860	372,850
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	110,630	53,980	56,645	12,785	6,335	6,450
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	108,055	52,775	55,285	12,495	6,175	6,320
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	93,070	45,490	47,580	10,635	5,200	5,435
Métis single ancestry	14,835	7,210	7,625	1,695	900	800
Inuit single ancestry	155	75	80	165	75	85
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	2,570	1,205	1,365	290	165	130
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	2,495	1,160	1,335	235	125	110
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	50	30	15	25	15	15
Métis and Inuit ancestries	15	10	10	20	20	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	10	10	0	10	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	114,605	55,480	59,120	33,795	16,295	17,500
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	107,535	52,250	55,285	32,505	15,690	16,815
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	40,265	19,440	20,820	24,255	11,640	12,615
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	66,810	32,600	34,215	7,765	3,810	3,955
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	460	210	250	480	240	245
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	7,070	3,235	3,835	1,295	600	690
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	6,800	3,100	3,705	1,165	540	630
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	120	65	55	60	30	30
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	130	55	80	40	20	25
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	10	0	25	15	10
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	1,015,465	504,980	510,485	684,125	335,230	348,895
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	1,240,700	614,440	626,260	730,710	357,855	372,850
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	216,850	108,315	108,530	24,535	12,470	12,070
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	42,060	22,200	19,855	2,535	1,385	1,150
Chinese	22,540	11,340	11,195	3,925	1,970	1,955
Black	30,335	15,790	14,550	7,000	3,540	3,460
Filipino	79,815	37,935	41,885	1,980	835	1,145
Latin American	9,895	4,840	5,050	1,285	650	635
Arab	5,030	2,705	2,325	2,960	1,650	1,310
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	8,565	4,155	4,410	1,230	600	630
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	2,695	1,420	1,270	730	415	320
Korean	4,375	2,195	2,180	1,685	885	800
Japanese	1,850	880	975	230	70	160
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	3,195	1,610	1,590	305	135	175
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	6,485	3,235	3,250	675	345	330
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	1,023,850	506,125	517,725	706,170	345,385	360,785
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	1,240,700	614,440	626,255	730,705	357,860	372,850
North American Aboriginal origins	225,230	109,465	115,770	46,585	22,625	23,955
First Nations (North American Indian)	142,820	69,305	73,510	36,405	17,570	18,840
Inuit	955	460	500	830	420	410
Métis	91,120	44,150	46,970	10,960	5,435	5,530
Other North American origins	247,670	123,075	124,600	428,865	209,615	219,250
Acadian	645	325	320	29,505	14,455	15,060
American	9,220	4,605	4,615	7,175	3,575	3,605
Canadian	240,835	119,610	121,225	407,370	199,020	208,350
New Brunswicker	10	0	10	240	135	105
Newfoundlander	215	130	90	445	190	250
Nova Scotian	20	15	0	65	40	25
Ontarian	20	20	0	0	0	10
Québécois	280	150	125	770	410	365
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	30	10	25	20	20	0
European origins	826,210	406,770	419,445	424,850	206,715	218,135
British Isles origins	421,515	206,840	214,675	314,655	151,970	162,690
Channel Islander	45	25	25	125	45	85
Cornish	85	45	40	45	25	20
English	245,960	119,975	125,985	168,205	80,795	87,415
Irish	156,145	74,290	81,850	147,245	69,515	77,730
Manx	200	100	100	45	40	10
Scottish	208,065	100,790	107,265	134,455	64,400	70,055
Welsh	17,760	8,575	9,180	10,110	4,825	5,290
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	19,610	9,260	10,355	10,640	4,885	5,755
French origins	148,810	72,060	76,750	163,270	79,105	84,165
Alsatian	20	15	15	15	10	0
Breton	120	40	75	55	30	30
Corsican	0	10	0	0	0	0
French	148,740	72,020	76,720	163,245	79,090	84,155
Western European origins (except French origins)	286,985	141,285	145,705	49,825	24,100	25,725
Austrian	12,325	6,190	6,135	1,000	530	475
Bavarian	15	10	0	0	0	0
Belgian	21,510	10,495	11,020	1,470	650	815
Dutch	55,525	27,375	28,150	15,230	7,290	7,945
Flemish	965	445	515	100	65	40
Frisian	140	75	55	40	25	15
German	220,735	108,650	112,080	34,205	16,575	17,630
Luxembourger	155	65	90	0	10	0
Swiss	5,475	2,660	2,810	1,145	545	595
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	140	65	75	35	20	15
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	80,295	38,580	41,720	10,400	5,080	5,320
Danish	7,895	3,850	4,050	3,960	1,885	2,075
Finnish	4,000	1,905	2,095	465	235	225
Icelandic	31,090	15,265	15,825	250	135	115
Norwegian	19,600	9,145	10,455	3,330	1,650	1,680
Swedish	22,470	10,530	11,945	2,010	1,010	1,005
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	2,540	1,260	1,285	820	410	410
Eastern European origins	287,695	141,310	146,380	11,590	5,600	5,995
Bulgarian	330	190	145	155	60	100
Byelorussian	885	430	455	85	45	40
Czech	4,590	2,165	2,425	435	215	225
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	2,155	1,120	1,040	175	80	100
Estonian	190	80	115	100	35	60
Hungarian	10,120	4,990	5,125	1,280	615	665
Latvian	1,365	655	715	185	105	80
Lithuanian	1,455	750	705	325	165	160
Moldovan	325	170	160	35	20	15
Polish	88,090	42,670	45,420	3,445	1,670	1,780
Romanian	5,835	2,790	3,045	945	485	460
Russian	58,225	28,625	29,605	2,260	1,015	1,245
Slovak	2,190	1,055	1,135	250	130	125
Ukrainian	180,055	88,615	91,445	3,535	1,750	1,785
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	895	415	480	70	25	45
Southern European origins	59,915	29,445	30,470	13,450	6,560	6,890
Albanian	415	220	195	120	65	55
Bosnian	1,030	505	520	120	65	55
Catalan	15	0	15	10	10	0
Croatian	2,930	1,430	1,500	310	120	190
Cypriot	45	25	15	30	20	10
Greek	4,130	2,070	2,060	950	485	465
Italian	23,210	11,675	11,530	7,460	3,615	3,845
Kosovar	45	20	25	0	0	0
Macedonian	225	120	110	80	35	45
Maltese	360	165	195	115	45	65
Montenegrin	40	10	30	20	20	0
Portuguese	14,540	7,215	7,320	1,785	840	945
Serbian	1,240	660	580	130	90	35
Sicilian	235	110	125	15	10	0
Slovenian	1,005	485	520	130	60	60
Spanish	12,625	5,680	6,945	2,555	1,220	1,330
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	1,060	540	525	120	55	65
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	65	40	30	20	10	10
Other European origins	10,950	5,550	5,400	1,805	960	840
Basque	100	65	35	90	50	40
Jewish	8,455	4,250	4,200	785	410	375
Roma (Gypsy)	155	70	85	30	20	15
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	185	100	85	30	10	15
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	2,130	1,090	1,040	875	480	395
Caribbean origins	10,805	5,355	5,450	2,275	1,045	1,230
Antiguan	60	20	40	0	0	0
Bahamian	60	35	25	35	15	15
Barbadian	740	390	350	100	60	40
Bermudan	40	30	15	130	40	90
Carib	65	30	40	10	0	0
Cuban	340	155	190	235	135	100
Dominican	275	145	135	80	35	40
Grenadian	160	85	80	20	0	15
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	35	20	15
Haitian	235	90	150	305	140	160
Jamaican	4,585	2,250	2,335	750	350	395
Kittitian/Nevisian	10	10	0	10	10	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	70	25	45	85	40	40
St. Lucian	30	20	15	15	10	10
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	2,395	1,240	1,160	150	70	75
Vincentian/Grenadinian	190	90	105	45	10	35
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	1,465	705	760	245	110	135
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	665	360	305	185	65	120
Latin, Central and South American origins	23,115	11,555	11,565	2,135	1,110	1,025
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	650	330	320	65	40	25
Arawak	10	10	10	0	0	0
Argentinian	475	230	245	30	10	20
Belizean	200	105	100	0	0	10
Bolivian	300	160	140	55	35	20
Brazilian	830	375	455	60	15	45
Chilean	1,520	720	795	95	40	55
Colombian	1,400	680	715	265	105	160
Costa Rican	65	40	25	30	15	15
Ecuadorian	125	70	55	30	20	10
Guatemalan	505	240	260	125	40	85
Guyanese	1,485	770	715	115	50	70
Hispanic	425	210	220	75	35	35
Honduran	520	245	280	50	20	25
Maya	220	135	80	90	45	45
Mexican	8,790	4,440	4,350	700	395	300
Nicaraguan	370	200	170	20	20	0
Panamanian	50	10	40	15	15	0
Paraguayan	2,080	1,070	1,010	0	0	0
Peruvian	350	130	225	90	45	45
Salvadorean	2,735	1,425	1,315	135	95	40
Uruguayan	35	10	20	10	0	0
Venezuelan	240	95	150	60	35	30
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	1,045	525	520	110	65	50
African origins	28,860	14,980	13,885	6,705	3,535	3,170
Central and West African origins	8,665	4,585	4,085	1,835	1,045	790
Akan	35	10	25	20	10	10
Angolan	10	10	0	25	10	10
Ashanti	25	10	10	0	0	0
Beninese	55	45	0	0	10	0
Burkinabe	20	10	10	75	50	30
Cameroonian	145	80	70	150	110	40
Chadian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Congolese	1,575	785	790	415	250	165
Edo	130	85	45	10	0	0
Ewe	15	10	10	0	0	0
Gabonese	25	20	10	15	10	0
Gambian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ghanaian	380	220	170	90	55	35
Guinean	70	20	50	175	125	50
Ibo	435	205	225	80	55	25
Ivorian	120	45	75	60	30	30
Liberian	80	20	55	80	45	35
Malian	140	85	55	125	55	65
Malinké	35	20	10	0	0	0
Nigerian	3,860	2,130	1,735	230	115	115
Peulh	25	15	15	40	25	20
Senegalese	115	70	40	105	45	60
Sierra Leonean	320	155	165	20	0	20
Togolese	115	60	55	40	20	25
Wolof	25	10	15	0	0	0
Yoruba	1,050	540	510	50	25	25
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	545	260	285	225	135	90
North African origins	3,690	1,980	1,705	1,200	705	495
Algerian	100	35	60	190	90	90
Berber	150	90	55	180	105	70
Coptic	85	45	40	0	0	0
Dinka	30	25	10	0	0	0
Egyptian	1,335	720	620	210	130	80
Libyan	360	175	185	185	85	100
Maure	100	70	30	0	0	0
Moroccan	350	190	160	365	255	115
Sudanese	1,075	580	500	15	10	10
Tunisian	130	65	60	140	80	60
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	75	40	35	15	10	10
Southern and East African origins	10,500	5,420	5,080	1,050	565	485
Afrikaner	65	40	30	0	0	0
Amhara	140	100	45	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	150	90	65	30	25	0
Burundian	235	110	125	105	55	50
Djiboutian	45	30	15	0	0	0
Eritrean	2,300	1,240	1,055	115	80	40
Ethiopian	2,900	1,505	1,395	180	105	70
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	335	165	170	10	0	0
Malagasy	25	15	10	60	20	35
Mauritian	245	125	115	0	10	0
Oromo	325	185	140	30	10	20
Rwandan	300	145	155	105	50	55
Seychellois	45	20	30	10	0	10
Somali	1,740	900	845	30	25	0
South African	730	310	420	225	95	130
Tanzanian	90	55	30	0	0	0
Tigrian	320	200	120	0	0	0
Ugandan	255	125	130	25	15	15
Zambian	200	95	110	25	10	15
Zimbabwean	310	150	160	60	30	30
Zulu	30	15	10	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	440	230	210	80	40	40
Other African origins	6,670	3,350	3,325	2,850	1,360	1,485
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	825	405	415	385	140	245
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	5,925	2,965	2,965	2,475	1,225	1,245
Asian origins	178,655	88,885	89,765	19,410	9,775	9,635
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	11,850	6,130	5,715	6,835	3,590	3,240
Afghan	1,010	485	530	25	10	20
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	1,755	975	785	590	300	295
Armenian	495	250	250	115	60	50
Assyrian	40	30	10	15	10	0
Azerbaijani	55	35	20	10	0	10
Georgian	110	60	45	10	10	10
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	1,885	1,015	870	665	365	305
Iraqi	925	480	450	105	50	55
Israeli	775	410	360	175	85	90
Jordanian	235	100	135	180	105	75
Kazakh	335	185	145	0	10	0
Kurd	305	145	160	80	45	30
Kuwaiti	40	20	25	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	45	30	20	0	0	0
Lebanese	1,375	700	675	2,825	1,435	1,395
Palestinian	620	340	275	75	40	30
Pashtun	65	25	40	20	10	10
Saudi Arabian	170	95	70	85	65	20
Syrian	1,115	535	580	1,685	865	825
Tajik	55	20	40	0	0	0
Tatar	310	155	155	25	10	15
Turk	655	315	340	235	150	85
Turkmen	10	0	0	10	15	0
Uighur	10	10	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	70	45	20	40	25	10
Yemeni	100	45	55	35	20	15
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	305	145	155	50	35	15
South Asian origins	43,155	22,710	20,440	2,975	1,590	1,385
Bangladeshi	880	500	385	150	95	55
Bengali	200	115	85	50	40	10
Bhutanese	140	55	85	35	20	15
East Indian	34,470	18,110	16,355	2,150	1,105	1,045
Goan	50	30	30	0	0	0
Gujarati	220	120	100	0	0	0
Kashmiri	30	10	15	10	0	0
Nepali	500	250	250	160	75	90
Pakistani	3,370	1,795	1,575	255	160	100
Punjabi	3,830	1,995	1,840	45	35	15
Sinhalese	280	145	135	15	0	10
Sri Lankan	1,090	545	545	100	45	55
Tamil	245	145	105	25	15	10
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	725	415	305	85	50	35
East and Southeast Asian origins	124,100	60,175	63,925	9,640	4,610	5,030
Burmese	260	125	135	25	15	10
Cambodian (Khmer)	525	280	240	60	30	30
Chinese	30,150	14,980	15,170	4,480	2,230	2,250
Filipino	83,530	39,955	43,580	2,130	870	1,265
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	530	265	265	100	30	65
Japanese	2,675	1,305	1,365	305	115	185
Karen	455	195	255	65	30	35
Korean	4,545	2,300	2,240	1,675	875	795
Laotian	1,730	820	910	0	10	0
Malaysian	470	240	230	30	15	15
Mongolian	150	60	90	45	30	15
Singaporean	20	10	10	10	10	0
Taiwanese	150	90	60	60	30	30
Thai	750	335	420	100	30	70
Tibetan	15	10	10	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5,850	2,915	2,935	885	450	435
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	145	70	80	10	0	10
Other Asian origins	575	320	260	110	70	45
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	575	320	260	115	65	45
Oceania origins	1,525	740	785	470	210	260
Australian	910	415	495	290	120	165
New Zealander	315	170	140	135	70	70
Pacific Islands origins	345	180	165	55	30	20
Fijian	80	45	30	0	0	0
Hawaiian	60	30	30	30	10	15
Maori	55	30	25	10	10	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	95	45	45	10	0	10
Samoan	25	0	15	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	65	30	35	10	10	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	489,050	...	...	319,770	...	...
Owner	336,170	...	...	238,040	...	...
Renter	140,260	...	...	79,865	...	...
Band housing	12,620	...	...	1,865	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	489,050	...	...	319,770	...	...
Condominium	33,325	...	...	10,580	...	...
Not condominium	455,725	...	...	309,195	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	489,050	...	...	319,775	...	...
No bedrooms	3,745	...	...	680	...	...
1 bedroom	63,040	...	...	28,370	...	...
2 bedrooms	121,520	...	...	88,115	...	...
3 bedrooms	175,500	...	...	125,865	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	125,240	...	...	76,745	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	489,050	...	...	319,770	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	132,410	...	...	66,540	...	...
5 rooms	82,935	...	...	56,365	...	...
6 rooms	78,750	...	...	54,070	...	...
7 rooms	64,560	...	...	45,825	...	...
8 or more rooms	130,400	...	...	96,970	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.1	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	489,050	...	...	319,770	...	...
One person or fewer per room	473,625	...	...	318,195	...	...
More than 1 person per room	15,420	...	...	1,575	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	489,050	...	...	319,770	...	...
Suitable	456,365	...	...	312,370	...	...
Not suitable	32,680	...	...	7,405	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	489,050	...	...	319,770	...	...
1960 or before	142,200	...	...	76,690	...	...
1961 to 1980	158,180	...	...	98,720	...	...
1981 to 1990	65,190	...	...	45,630	...	...
1991 to 2000	42,740	...	...	39,825	...	...
2001 to 2005	20,815	...	...	19,090	...	...
2006 to 2010	27,880	...	...	22,530	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	32,035	...	...	17,290	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	489,050	...	...	319,770	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	444,995	...	...	293,155	...	...
Major repairs needed	44,055	...	...	26,625	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	489,050	...	...	319,770	...	...
1 household maintainer	290,830	...	...	195,585	...	...
2 household maintainers	187,775	...	...	120,195	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	10,445	...	...	3,995	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	489,050	...	...	319,775	...	...
15 to 24 years	17,240	...	...	10,375	...	...
25 to 34 years	74,950	...	...	38,585	...	...
35 to 44 years	84,800	...	...	50,050	...	...
45 to 54 years	95,135	...	...	61,860	...	...
55 to 64 years	96,255	...	...	68,145	...	...
65 to 74 years	67,475	...	...	53,435	...	...
75 to 84 years	37,760	...	...	27,655	...	...
85 years and over	15,440	...	...	9,675	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	461,870	...	...	314,325	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	373,860	...	...	261,385	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	88,010	...	...	52,935	...	...
30% to less than 100%	76,075	...	...	47,190	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	324,120	...	...	235,950	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	60.4	...	...	55.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	11.4	...	...	10.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	973	...	...	741	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,085	...	...	876	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	275,473	...	...	150,010	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	297,444	...	...	170,071	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	138,905	...	...	79,370	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	19.4	...	...	14.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	36.9	...	...	36.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	868	...	...	704	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	891	...	...	741	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	1,001,305	491,580	509,725	620,395	301,650	318,745
No certificate, diploma or degree	220,390	116,570	103,820	136,745	71,600	65,140
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	296,355	147,040	149,320	176,750	85,345	91,405
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	484,555	227,975	256,585	306,895	144,700	162,200
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	77,000	54,090	22,910	56,595	39,965	16,630
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	37,490	21,985	15,500	29,630	17,320	12,315
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	39,515	32,110	7,410	26,965	22,645	4,320
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	177,620	72,785	104,840	135,065	56,055	79,005
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	28,940	12,075	16,860	11,610	3,995	7,620
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	200,990	89,020	111,970	103,630	44,685	58,945
Bachelor's degree	143,780	61,350	82,430	73,330	30,165	43,165
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	16,040	6,675	9,365	6,735	2,795	3,935
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	6,105	3,515	2,595	2,755	1,600	1,160
Master's degree	29,305	13,830	15,470	17,745	8,170	9,585
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	5,765	3,645	2,115	3,065	1,955	1,110
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	654,670	323,300	331,370	400,785	194,715	206,070
No certificate, diploma or degree	94,310	54,700	39,610	55,645	32,390	23,260
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	182,335	93,000	89,330	114,330	56,430	57,895
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	378,030	175,595	202,435	230,810	105,890	124,915
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	53,800	38,185	15,620	37,710	26,335	11,375
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	25,955	15,460	10,490	19,900	11,430	8,475
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	27,850	22,725	5,125	17,805	14,905	2,900
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	137,930	57,445	80,485	104,595	43,695	60,900
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	21,215	8,995	12,220	7,685	2,660	5,020
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	165,085	70,970	94,115	80,825	33,195	47,625
Bachelor's degree	119,150	50,120	69,035	57,560	23,115	34,450
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	12,185	4,840	7,350	5,160	1,920	3,240
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	5,075	2,705	2,370	2,190	1,110	1,080
Master's degree	24,410	10,815	13,595	13,730	5,770	7,960
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	4,270	2,495	1,770	2,190	1,285	905
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	1,001,305	491,585	509,725	620,395	301,645	318,745
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	516,750	263,605	253,140	313,495	156,945	156,545
Education	44,855	11,705	33,145	25,570	6,725	18,845
13. Education	44,855	11,710	33,145	25,565	6,720	18,845
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	13,170	6,230	6,940	6,140	2,800	3,335
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	2,415	1,860	550	1,155	905	250
50. Visual and performing arts	10,755	4,365	6,390	4,990	1,900	3,085
Humanities	23,030	9,915	13,110	12,430	5,245	7,190
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	1,775	400	1,380	1,040	255	785
23. English language and literature/letters	3,905	1,110	2,795	2,395	715	1,675
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	7,065	2,820	4,240	3,055	1,065	1,990
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	60	25	30	55	20	35
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,590	940	650	725	455	270
39. Theology and religious vocations	4,510	2,590	1,925	2,150	1,325	825
54. History	3,410	1,855	1,555	2,190	1,185	1,005
55. French language and literature/letters	705	175	530	830	220	605
Social and behavioural sciences and law	46,555	15,805	30,750	23,780	6,945	16,835
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	880	220	660	190	35	155
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	3,115	1,225	1,890	1,725	710	1,015
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	10,760	795	9,965	6,015	305	5,710
22. Legal professions and studies	7,130	2,365	4,760	3,935	1,325	2,615
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	955	305	650	420	95	325
42. Psychology	8,155	2,385	5,770	5,075	1,355	3,725
45. Social sciences	15,565	8,510	7,055	6,420	3,120	3,300
Business, management and public administration	95,115	34,865	60,255	67,605	19,470	48,135
30.16 Accounting and computer science	320	105	210	230	35	190
44. Public administration and social service professions	7,670	1,875	5,790	5,670	1,010	4,660
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	87,125	32,875	54,250	61,705	18,425	43,285
Physical and life sciences and technologies	16,120	8,165	7,950	7,625	3,930	3,700
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	6,625	2,990	3,640	3,320	1,525	1,800
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	4,325	2,285	2,040	1,845	825	1,025
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	470	70	395	130	30	100
40. Physical sciences	3,685	2,585	1,095	1,720	1,265	455
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,020	240	780	610	285	325
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	18,425	11,380	7,050	11,275	7,185	4,095
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	15,225	10,050	5,175	9,975	6,640	3,335
25. Library science	1,140	175	965	620	95	525
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,945	1,080	865	620	395	225
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	120	75	40	55	45	10
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	96,625	89,275	7,350	70,800	67,070	3,735
04. Architecture and related services	2,420	1,380	1,040	500	365	140
14. Engineering	16,205	13,530	2,675	8,020	7,015	1,010
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	17,815	15,975	1,845	13,010	11,575	1,430
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	22,160	21,705	450	18,910	18,555	350
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	27,485	26,650	830	20,075	19,570	505
48. Precision production	10,530	10,030	505	10,290	9,985	300
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	14,540	10,260	4,275	6,370	4,715	1,650
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	11,380	8,280	3,100	2,970	1,840	1,130
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,160	1,980	1,180	3,395	2,875	520
Health and related fields	87,795	16,505	71,290	49,795	7,490	42,305
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	4,105	1,945	2,155	2,770	1,325	1,445
51. Health professions and related programs	81,865	13,450	68,415	46,160	5,600	40,550
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,825	1,110	715	870	565	305
Personal, protective and transportation services	28,275	13,845	14,435	25,460	13,110	12,355
12. Personal and culinary services	16,750	4,095	12,655	13,835	2,735	11,095
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	90	85	10	105	95	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	240	230	10	390	355	40
43. Security and protective services	5,005	3,680	1,330	4,665	3,795	875
49. Transportation and materials moving	6,185	5,750	435	6,465	6,135	325
Other	60	30	35	50	25	25
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	60	25	35	45	25	20
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	654,670	323,300	331,375	400,780	194,710	206,070
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	276,645	147,710	128,935	169,970	88,820	81,150
Education	31,645	7,860	23,785	16,350	3,830	12,520
13. Education	31,650	7,865	23,785	16,350	3,835	12,515
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	10,350	4,875	5,475	4,690	2,140	2,550
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,815	1,335	480	830	630	200
50. Visual and performing arts	8,540	3,545	4,990	3,860	1,510	2,350
Humanities	17,250	7,370	9,880	8,810	3,450	5,360
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	1,485	330	1,155	820	195	625
23. English language and literature/letters	2,930	810	2,120	1,725	490	1,235
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	5,420	2,245	3,180	2,125	650	1,475
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	55	30	30	35	10	30
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,230	715	515	500	295	215
39. Theology and religious vocations	3,255	1,835	1,420	1,460	860	595
54. History	2,365	1,275	1,090	1,630	855	775
55. French language and literature/letters	505	135	370	520	100	420
Social and behavioural sciences and law	38,120	12,380	25,740	18,970	5,210	13,760
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	740	185	555	135	20	115
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,575	965	1,610	1,500	630	870
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	8,805	605	8,195	4,685	235	4,450
22. Legal professions and studies	6,085	1,795	4,285	3,280	940	2,340
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	815	265	550	335	70	260
42. Psychology	6,370	1,720	4,645	4,015	980	3,035
45. Social sciences	12,730	6,835	5,895	5,015	2,330	2,680
Business, management and public administration	76,370	27,865	48,495	52,915	15,055	37,860
30.16 Accounting and computer science	270	95	175	215	40	175
44. Public administration and social service professions	6,145	1,335	4,810	4,505	735	3,770
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	69,950	26,440	43,510	48,190	14,280	33,915
Physical and life sciences and technologies	12,195	5,930	6,270	5,620	2,710	2,905
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	5,290	2,265	3,025	2,580	1,135	1,445
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	3,005	1,595	1,405	1,275	540	730
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	405	65	345	110	20	95
40. Physical sciences	2,805	1,855	950	1,185	820	370
41. Science technologies/technicians	690	150	545	465	195	270
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	15,955	9,965	5,985	9,710	6,285	3,425
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	13,600	9,015	4,585	8,815	5,910	2,905
25. Library science	790	135	650	415	70	345
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,465	760	700	430	265	170
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	100	60	45	55	50	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	73,680	67,440	6,240	51,150	47,940	3,210
04. Architecture and related services	2,025	1,160	865	395	270	120
14. Engineering	13,705	11,305	2,405	6,230	5,295	935
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	13,840	12,265	1,575	10,405	9,135	1,270
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	16,060	15,690	365	13,110	12,825	290
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	20,395	19,765	625	14,025	13,635	395
48. Precision production	7,655	7,250	405	6,980	6,770	210
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	11,450	7,800	3,645	5,010	3,575	1,430
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	8,760	6,170	2,590	2,355	1,395	960
03. Natural resources and conservation	2,695	1,635	1,060	2,655	2,185	470
Health and related fields	69,600	13,415	56,185	38,135	5,850	32,285
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	3,310	1,585	1,715	2,145	1,060	1,085
51. Health professions and related programs	64,870	11,020	53,850	35,295	4,385	30,905
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,430	810	620	695	405	285
Personal, protective and transportation services	21,365	10,660	10,705	19,415	9,810	9,600
12. Personal and culinary services	12,255	2,980	9,275	10,520	1,945	8,575
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	90	85	10	95	85	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	110	105	0	220	190	35
43. Security and protective services	4,025	2,945	1,080	3,460	2,760	705
49. Transportation and materials moving	4,885	4,545	340	5,115	4,835	285
Other	50	30	25	45	25	20
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	50	25	25	40	25	15
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	1,001,305	491,585	509,725	620,390	301,650	318,745
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	516,750	263,610	253,145	313,495	156,945	156,545
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	484,555	227,975	256,585	306,900	144,700	162,200
Location of study inside Canada	403,775	188,230	215,540	290,645	136,490	154,155
Same as province or territory of residence	352,390	162,050	190,340	229,835	106,610	123,230
Different than province or territory of residence	51,385	26,185	25,200	60,810	29,880	30,925
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	80,785	39,745	41,040	16,255	8,205	8,050
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	9,155	4,910	4,245	5,360	2,675	2,685
Philippines	26,450	11,595	14,860	920	285	635
India	10,365	5,300	5,070	460	230	230
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	4,180	2,350	1,825	1,995	1,175	815
China^{Census data footnote 162}	2,865	1,330	1,535	1,105	550	555
France	395	235	165	660	370	290
Other	27,375	14,030	13,345	5,755	2,920	2,835
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	654,670	323,300	331,375	400,785	194,715	206,070
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	276,640	147,705	128,935	169,970	88,815	81,155
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	378,035	175,595	202,440	230,815	105,895	124,920
Location of study inside Canada	309,655	142,710	166,950	218,710	100,175	118,535
Same as province or territory of residence	270,435	123,090	147,340	172,760	78,520	94,240
Different than province or territory of residence	39,225	19,615	19,610	45,950	21,660	24,295
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	68,375	32,885	35,485	12,105	5,715	6,380
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	6,215	3,005	3,210	3,460	1,555	1,905
Philippines	24,495	10,775	13,720	875	260	615
India	9,430	4,770	4,660	345	160	180
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	2,465	1,385	1,080	1,070	575	490
China^{Census data footnote 162}	2,630	1,210	1,420	1,025	475	550
France	340	195	145	525	300	225
Other	22,805	11,555	11,255	4,800	2,390	2,415
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	1,001,305	491,580	509,725	620,390	301,650	318,745
In the labour force	662,155	347,685	314,465	381,790	197,005	184,790
Employed	617,465	322,130	295,335	339,045	170,050	168,995
Unemployed	44,690	25,560	19,130	42,745	26,950	15,795
Not in the labour force	339,155	143,895	195,260	238,600	104,645	133,955
Participation rate	66.1	70.7	61.7	61.5	65.3	58.0
Employment rate	61.7	65.5	57.9	54.7	56.4	53.0
Unemployment rate	6.7	7.4	6.1	11.2	13.7	8.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	1,001,310	491,585	509,725	620,390	301,645	318,745
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	312,495	131,600	180,900	217,930	94,105	123,825
Worked	688,810	359,980	328,830	402,465	207,540	194,920
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	358,800	206,460	152,330	201,230	106,785	94,450
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	330,010	153,520	176,495	201,225	100,760	100,475
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.9	43.5	42.3	41.0	40.6	41.5
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	662,155	347,685	314,465	381,795	197,000	184,790
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	12,625	6,125	6,505	7,320	3,790	3,530
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	649,530	341,560	307,965	374,470	193,210	181,260
Employee	580,885	296,560	284,325	342,685	173,560	169,125
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	68,645	45,000	23,640	31,785	19,655	12,130
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	662,155	347,690	314,470	381,790	197,005	184,790
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	12,625	6,125	6,505	7,320	3,790	3,530
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	649,525	341,565	307,965	374,470	193,215	181,255
0 Management occupations	71,455	45,945	25,510	34,015	20,605	13,415
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	96,050	27,530	68,515	52,695	14,200	38,495
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	34,135	26,895	7,240	20,705	16,300	4,405
3 Health occupations	52,280	10,830	41,450	30,730	4,870	25,865
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	86,055	27,425	58,630	45,640	15,355	30,285
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	14,355	6,025	8,325	6,610	2,925	3,685
6 Sales and service occupations	144,490	62,735	81,760	91,035	36,535	54,505
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	102,660	97,500	5,160	59,925	57,015	2,910
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	18,400	14,490	3,910	14,485	12,280	2,205
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	29,650	22,180	7,475	18,620	13,130	5,495
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	662,155	347,685	314,465	381,795	197,000	184,790
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	12,625	6,120	6,500	7,320	3,790	3,530
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	649,525	341,560	307,965	374,470	193,210	181,260
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	28,680	20,765	7,920	15,135	12,025	3,115
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	5,460	4,830	635	4,345	3,765	580
22 Utilities	7,390	5,625	1,765	3,350	2,615	735
23 Construction	49,575	43,990	5,585	27,795	25,195	2,595
31-33 Manufacturing	54,645	40,800	13,845	32,405	23,215	9,195
41 Wholesale trade	21,890	16,040	5,850	11,170	8,180	2,990
44-45 Retail trade	69,700	33,960	35,740	46,180	21,220	24,950
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	35,490	28,350	7,145	17,680	13,295	4,390
51 Information and cultural industries	10,875	6,085	4,790	6,615	3,700	2,915
52 Finance and insurance	25,885	9,615	16,270	12,415	4,090	8,325
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	8,235	4,565	3,670	3,830	2,245	1,585
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	28,470	14,790	13,680	17,240	9,485	7,750
55 Management of companies and enterprises	635	250	380	345	145	195
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	22,285	13,105	9,170	18,530	10,060	8,475
61 Educational services	55,025	17,480	37,540	26,090	8,180	17,905
62 Health care and social assistance	93,960	18,345	75,615	51,380	7,955	43,430
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	12,980	6,620	6,360	5,950	3,065	2,885
72 Accommodation and food services	43,655	17,430	26,230	24,825	8,460	16,365
81 Other services (except public administration)	28,055	13,740	14,315	17,105	8,365	8,745
91 Public administration	46,645	25,180	21,465	32,090	17,960	14,135
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	617,465	322,125	295,335	339,045	170,050	168,995
Worked at home	42,530	23,485	19,050	19,445	9,485	9,955
Worked outside Canada	1,935	1,305	630	1,315	885	430
No fixed workplace address	68,420	52,715	15,710	37,925	28,630	9,300
Worked at usual place	504,580	244,620	259,960	280,360	131,055	149,310
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	504,580	244,620	259,960	280,360	131,055	149,310
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	384,465	181,650	202,820	127,230	57,560	69,670
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	50,350	23,760	26,580	97,230	44,565	52,665
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	66,495	37,055	29,435	50,560	25,155	25,410
Commute to a different province or territory	3,275	2,150	1,120	5,345	3,775	1,565
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	573,005	297,335	275,665	318,285	159,680	158,605
Car, truck, van - as a driver	431,755	237,860	193,895	266,035	135,575	130,460
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	40,595	14,520	26,070	24,455	9,855	14,600
Public transit	53,740	21,780	31,955	7,290	3,600	3,690
Walked	32,330	13,815	18,520	14,650	6,900	7,755
Bicycle	8,175	5,670	2,505	1,210	800	405
Other method	6,410	3,695	2,715	4,645	2,950	1,695
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	573,000	297,340	275,665	318,290	159,680	158,605
Less than 15 minutes	185,120	87,795	97,320	135,690	63,885	71,810
15 to 29 minutes	208,570	108,680	99,890	118,075	58,505	59,570
30 to 44 minutes	115,090	63,555	51,535	39,230	21,385	17,845
45 to 59 minutes	36,755	20,485	16,270	12,945	7,275	5,670
60 minutes and over	27,470	16,820	10,650	12,345	8,635	3,710
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	573,000	297,335	275,665	318,285	159,680	158,605
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	28,060	20,145	7,915	17,850	12,755	5,100
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	104,545	65,630	38,925	51,825	30,905	20,925
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	168,760	90,125	78,630	112,460	55,470	56,990
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	126,090	50,885	75,200	64,235	25,835	38,400
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	53,120	22,305	30,810	25,595	9,415	16,180
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	92,430	48,240	44,190	46,320	25,300	21,020
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	710,830	370,255	340,575	413,695	212,875	200,820
Single responses	702,445	366,000	336,445	395,120	204,270	190,850
Official languages	694,855	361,770	333,090	394,015	203,660	190,355
English	688,400	359,660	328,730	304,775	160,255	144,515
French	6,455	2,100	4,355	89,240	43,400	45,840
Non-official languages	7,590	4,235	3,360	1,105	615	490
Aboriginal languages	1,815	1,025	800	255	140	115
Algonquian languages	1,755	990	755	250	135	110
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	985	565	420	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	980	565	415	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	255	135	110
Malecite	0	0	0	15	10	10
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	240	135	110
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	770	430	335	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	230	125	110	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	535	310	230	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	55	25	30	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	60	25	30	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	55	30	30	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	10	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	10	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	5,770	3,215	2,560	855	475	380
Afro-Asiatic languages	300	155	145	160	105	50
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	30	10	20	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	30	10	20	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	270	145	125	160	105	55
Amharic	15	0	10	0	0	0
Arabic	105	70	40	140	100	45
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	115	50	65	25	10	10
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	35	25	10	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	140	35	100	40	20	20
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	140	35	100	45	20	20
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	485	245	240	15	0	10
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	10	10	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	470	235	240	15	10	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	3,115	1,865	1,255	170	95	80
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	10	0	0	10	10	10
Balto-Slavic languages	480	245	235	30	10	20
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	480	245	235	30	10	20
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	65	50	20	0	0	0
Russian	280	145	135	25	10	15
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	110	40	70	10	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,300	790	505	25	10	15
Afrikaans	10	10	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	40	10	30	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	950	585	370	25	10	15
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Swedish	0	10	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	290	185	105	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	755	505	260	40	30	10
Indo-Aryan languages	685	455	225	0	0	0
Bengali	20	0	15	0	0	0
Gujarati	10	10	10	0	0	0
Hindi	40	40	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	10	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	605	400	210	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	10	0	10	0	0	0
Iranian languages	75	45	30	35	25	10
Kurdish	10	10	10	15	15	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	65	45	20	25	15	10
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	580	330	245	65	35	25
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Portuguese	330	215	115	0	0	0
Romanian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Spanish	220	100	125	65	35	30
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	10	0	0	10	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	305	150	150	60	35	25
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	15	15	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	10	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	210	80	135	30	20	10
American Sign Language	155	65	95	10	10	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	55	15	45	20	20	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,170	650	515	365	185	175
Chinese languages	1,160	650	515	360	185	175
Cantonese	690	380	315	35	15	25
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	440	255	185	295	150	150
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	25	10	10	30	25	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	10	10	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	0	10	0	0	0
Lao	10	0	10	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	10	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	8,390	4,255	4,125	18,575	8,605	9,970
English and French	2,655	1,150	1,505	18,045	8,350	9,695
English and non-official language	5,680	3,085	2,590	475	240	235
French and non-official language	10	0	0	10	0	10
English, French and non-official language	45	20	30	45	15	35
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	710,835	370,255	340,575	413,690	212,875	200,820
None	662,595	346,710	315,885	322,045	167,900	154,150
English	8,550	3,690	4,855	44,925	21,560	23,360
French	13,320	5,825	7,495	44,415	22,175	22,240
Non-official language	25,960	13,815	12,145	2,090	1,115	975
Aboriginal	6,500	3,245	3,255	615	285	330
Non-Aboriginal	19,460	10,575	8,890	1,475	830	645
English and French	10	0	10	0	0	0
English and non-official language	65	45	20	55	20	35
French and non-official language	335	160	175	160	95	65
English, French and non-official language	10	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	1,225,480	606,585	618,895	724,030	354,435	369,600
Non-movers	1,064,380	527,020	537,360	641,310	314,280	327,020
Movers	161,100	79,570	81,535	82,720	40,150	42,570
Non-migrants	105,090	52,025	53,065	45,630	21,830	23,800
Migrants	56,010	27,545	28,465	37,090	18,320	18,765
Internal migrants	41,305	20,285	21,020	32,585	15,995	16,585
Intraprovincial migrants	30,395	14,720	15,675	21,995	10,555	11,445
Interprovincial migrants	10,915	5,565	5,345	10,585	5,445	5,140
External migrants	14,705	7,260	7,445	4,505	2,320	2,185
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	1,161,240	573,310	587,930	696,160	340,310	355,845
Non-movers	718,640	355,585	363,050	480,830	237,150	243,685
Movers	442,600	217,725	224,875	215,325	103,155	112,165
Non-migrants	261,015	128,560	132,455	113,835	53,935	59,900
Migrants	181,585	89,165	92,420	101,490	49,215	52,275
Internal migrants	117,135	56,880	60,260	89,980	43,165	46,815
Intraprovincial migrants	86,295	41,295	45,000	60,645	28,475	32,165
Interprovincial migrants	30,840	15,580	15,260	29,335	14,685	14,650
External migrants	64,445	32,285	32,165	11,510	6,050	5,455

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

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Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

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Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

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Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

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Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

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Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

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Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

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Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

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Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

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Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

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Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

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Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

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Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Manitoba [Province] and New Brunswick [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed April 30, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Manitoba [Province] and New Brunswick [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Manitoba [Province] and New Brunswick [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Manitoba [Province] and New Brunswick [Province]