Census Profile, 2016 Census
Manitoba [Province] and Ontario [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Manitoba [Province]			Ontario [Province]
	Data quality , Manitoba [Province] Map : Manitoba [Province] Change geography 1			Data quality : Ontario [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	1,278,365	...	...	13,448,494	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	1,208,268	...	...	12,851,821	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	5.8	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	539,748	...	...	5,598,391	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	489,050	...	...	5,169,174	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	2.3	...	...	14.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	552,370.99	...	...	908,699.33	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	1,278,365	631,400	646,970	13,448,495	6,559,390	6,889,105
0 to 14 years	243,820	125,110	118,710	2,207,970	1,131,615	1,076,350
0 to 4 years	81,065	41,710	39,355	697,360	357,300	340,055
5 to 9 years	83,375	42,565	40,805	756,085	387,320	368,765
10 to 14 years	79,380	40,835	38,545	754,530	387,000	367,530
15 to 64 years	835,580	417,260	418,320	8,988,865	4,412,115	4,576,750
15 to 19 years	82,440	42,555	39,890	811,670	416,730	394,945
20 to 24 years	86,760	44,465	42,295	894,390	457,815	436,570
25 to 29 years	86,695	43,570	43,125	874,350	436,345	438,010
30 to 34 years	85,185	42,210	42,975	864,765	420,800	443,965
35 to 39 years	81,105	39,885	41,215	842,485	402,900	439,585
40 to 44 years	79,325	39,530	39,795	871,875	418,465	453,415
45 to 49 years	79,350	39,220	40,130	937,385	453,105	484,275
50 to 54 years	89,840	44,485	45,355	1,056,345	517,170	539,175
55 to 59 years	87,765	43,555	44,210	989,460	482,280	507,180
60 to 64 years	77,110	37,780	39,325	846,145	406,505	439,640
65 years and over	198,965	89,025	109,945	2,251,655	1,015,655	1,236,000
65 to 69 years	64,905	31,280	33,625	737,745	352,475	385,270
70 to 74 years	45,980	21,940	24,040	528,645	250,455	278,185
75 to 79 years	33,555	15,250	18,305	393,010	179,810	213,195
80 to 84 years	25,315	10,740	14,575	291,185	126,825	164,360
85 years and over	29,210	9,810	19,395	301,075	106,090	194,985
85 to 89 years	17,335	6,460	10,875	188,470	73,045	115,425
90 to 94 years	8,945	2,710	6,230	88,390	27,400	60,990
95 to 99 years	2,520	580	1,940	21,210	5,150	16,060
100 years and over	415	60	350	3,005	495	2,520
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.1	19.8	18.3	16.4	17.3	15.6
15 to 64 years	65.4	66.1	64.7	66.8	67.3	66.4
65 years and over	15.6	14.1	17.0	16.7	15.5	17.9
85 years and over	2.3	1.6	3.0	2.2	1.6	2.8
Average age of the population	39.2	38.2	40.2	41.0	40.0	41.9
Median age of the population	38.3	37.2	39.4	41.3	40.2	42.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	489,050	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Single-detached house	331,420	...	...	2,807,380	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	39,080	...	...	886,705	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	108,120	...	...	1,460,200	...	...
Semi-detached house	15,865	...	...	289,975	...	...
Row house	17,225	...	...	460,425	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	7,065	...	...	176,080	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	67,205	...	...	522,810	...	...
Other single-attached house	755	...	...	10,910	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	10,435	...	...	14,890	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	489,050	...	...	5,169,170	...	...
1 person	135,500	...	...	1,341,300	...	...
2 persons	164,880	...	...	1,693,525	...	...
3 persons	71,065	...	...	834,260	...	...
4 persons	66,675	...	...	796,320	...	...
5 or more persons	50,930	...	...	503,775	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,240,700	...	...	13,242,160	...	...
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	1,034,545	506,280	528,260	11,240,525	5,427,775	5,812,750
Married or living common law	593,615	297,280	296,335	6,438,085	3,219,290	3,218,795
Married	503,390	252,210	251,175	5,531,930	2,764,275	2,767,655
Living common law	90,230	45,075	45,155	906,155	455,015	451,145
Not married and not living common law	440,925	209,000	231,930	4,802,440	2,208,485	2,593,955
Never married	300,415	162,440	137,980	3,182,785	1,689,180	1,493,605
Separated	24,845	11,080	13,765	328,675	138,140	190,535
Divorced	54,860	22,780	32,080	653,835	252,900	400,935
Widowed	60,805	12,700	48,100	637,150	128,265	508,880
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	346,160	...	...	3,782,540	...	...
2 persons	171,435	...	...	1,815,000	...	...
3 persons	71,630	...	...	844,545	...	...
4 persons	65,500	...	...	792,435	...	...
5 or more persons	37,600	...	...	330,560	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	346,160	...	...	3,782,545	...	...
Total couple families	287,200	...	...	3,137,570	...	...
Married couples	242,100	...	...	2,684,735	...	...
Common-law couples	45,100	...	...	452,840	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	58,960	...	...	644,975	...	...
Female parent	45,930	...	...	518,480	...	...
Male parent	13,025	...	...	126,495	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	287,205	...	...	3,137,565	...	...
Couples without children	137,135	...	...	1,428,575	...	...
Couples with children	150,070	...	...	1,708,995	...	...
1 child	55,730	...	...	658,305	...	...
2 children	59,965	...	...	738,710	...	...
3 or more children	34,375	...	...	311,975	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	58,960	...	...	644,975	...	...
1 child	34,305	...	...	386,425	...	...
2 children	15,895	...	...	186,240	...	...
3 or more children	8,765	...	...	72,310	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	212,415	104,435	107,980	2,139,825	990,525	1,149,300
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	489,050	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
One-census-family households	323,125	...	...	3,481,885	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	130,475	...	...	1,311,575	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	192,650	...	...	2,170,315	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	11,110	...	...	145,615	...	...
Non-census-family households	154,815	...	...	1,541,665	...	...
One-person households	135,495	...	...	1,341,305	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	19,315	...	...	200,365	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	1,261,620	624,095	637,520	13,312,865	6,503,875	6,808,990
English only	1,135,395	566,980	568,410	11,455,500	5,689,830	5,765,665
French only	1,485	680	800	40,040	17,340	22,705
English and French	108,460	49,205	59,255	1,490,390	665,850	824,540
Neither English nor French	16,285	7,235	9,050	326,935	130,850	196,085
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	1,261,620	624,100	637,520	13,312,865	6,503,880	6,808,995
English	1,203,025	596,475	606,550	12,394,325	6,095,970	6,298,355
French	39,200	18,880	20,325	504,130	236,875	267,250
English and French	3,545	1,755	1,790	92,940	42,910	50,030
Neither English nor French	15,840	6,985	8,860	321,480	128,125	193,355
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	40,975	19,760	21,215	550,600	258,330	292,270
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	3.2	3.2	3.3	4.1	4.0	4.3
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	1,261,620	624,095	637,520	13,312,870	6,503,875	6,808,990
Single responses	1,230,115	608,820	621,300	12,946,960	6,327,630	6,619,330
Official languages	941,130	468,430	472,705	9,393,040	4,637,520	4,755,520
English	900,610	448,960	451,645	8,902,320	4,406,210	4,496,110
French	40,520	19,465	21,055	490,715	231,310	259,410
Non-official languages	288,985	140,395	148,590	3,553,920	1,690,110	1,863,810
Aboriginal languages	29,710	14,265	15,440	22,765	10,815	11,950
Algonquian languages	28,070	13,505	14,565	21,235	10,175	11,060
Blackfoot	5	0	5	10	5	5
Cree-Montagnais languages	14,820	7,085	7,740	5,080	2,485	2,595
Atikamekw	0	0	0	5	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	5	0	0	5	5	5
Moose Cree	0	0	5	85	40	45
Naskapi	0	0	0	10	5	5
Northern East Cree	30	5	20	55	25	30
Plains Cree	70	25	40	35	5	30
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	5	0	0
Swampy Cree	745	305	440	355	135	225
Woods Cree	65	20	40	15	10	5
Cree, n.o.s.	13,915	6,725	7,195	4,500	2,255	2,245
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	5	5	90	40	50
Malecite	0	5	0	10	5	0
Mi'kmaq	10	5	0	85	35	50
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	13,235	6,410	6,825	16,025	7,620	8,400
Algonquin	0	0	0	65	30	35
Ojibway	6,730	3,180	3,550	9,505	4,515	4,985
Oji-Cree	6,505	3,235	3,265	6,310	3,015	3,300
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	145	65	80
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	20	10
Athabaskan languages	815	375	445	60	20	40
Northern Athabaskan languages	815	380	440	55	20	35
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	5	0	5
Chilcotin	0	0	0	5	0	5
Dene	810	375	435	20	10	10
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	5	5	5
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	10	0	5
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0	0	5
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	5	0	5
Haida	0	0	0	0	5	0
Inuit languages	80	20	60	475	165	305
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	5	0	0	5	5	5
Inuktitut	65	20	45	425	145	280
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	45	20	25
Iroquoian languages	0	0	5	710	300	410
Cayuga	0	0	0	40	20	20
Mohawk	5	0	0	590	255	335
Oneida	0	0	0	55	15	40
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	5	15
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	80	40	40	25	15	15
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	5	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	630	305	330	10	5	5
Dakota	630	305	325	5	5	5
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	10	5	5
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Nisga'a	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	5	0
Wakashan languages	5	0	0	0	0	5
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	15	10	5	235	130	105
Non-Aboriginal languages	259,280	126,130	133,155	3,531,160	1,679,300	1,851,865
Afro-Asiatic languages	10,700	5,580	5,120	253,830	127,720	126,110
Berber languages	40	25	15	725	405	320
Kabyle	35	15	10	425	225	200
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	305	180	120
Cushitic languages	1,750	875	875	24,605	10,730	13,870
Bilen	155	85	70	250	140	110
Oromo	345	175	170	1,445	720	730
Somali	1,245	610	640	22,680	9,755	12,925
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	225	115	110
Semitic languages	8,840	4,640	4,200	227,985	116,320	111,665
Amharic	1,770	885	885	10,720	4,960	5,760
Arabic	4,695	2,500	2,190	171,370	88,400	82,965
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	14,555	7,135	7,420
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	4,795	2,365	2,425
Harari	0	0	0	1,030	485	545
Hebrew	545	320	225	11,575	6,220	5,350
Maltese	40	20	25	5,175	2,575	2,600
Tigrigna	1,770	905	865	7,345	3,470	3,870
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	1,435	705	730
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	65	35	30	520	265	250
Austro-Asiatic languages	4,180	1,970	2,205	78,125	35,880	42,240
Khmer (Cambodian)	280	135	145	7,355	3,330	4,020
Vietnamese	3,895	1,840	2,060	70,690	32,520	38,165
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5	0	0	85	30	50
Austronesian languages	52,905	24,685	28,220	194,380	76,060	118,315
Bikol	175	80	95	595	260	330
Cebuano	1,245	565	675	6,545	2,500	4,045
Fijian	35	15	15	80	45	40
Hiligaynon	390	170	220	2,750	1,030	1,725
Ilocano	1,365	630	730	11,285	4,430	6,860
Malagasy	0	0	5	100	45	55
Malay	175	65	105	5,760	2,520	3,240
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	655	315	340	1,505	670	840
Pangasinan	135	65	70	535	215	315
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	48,530	22,670	25,855	163,415	63,665	99,755
Waray-Waray	50	30	25	405	140	270
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	150	70	85	1,400	550	850
Creole languages	570	275	305	11,255	5,095	6,165
Haitian Creole	20	10	10	630	290	340
Creole, n.o.s.	290	140	145	8,025	3,580	4,440
Creole languages, n.i.e.	265	120	145	2,605	1,225	1,380
Dravidian languages	1,565	825	735	148,605	73,530	75,075
Kannada	95	50	40	2,670	1,365	1,305
Malayalam	790	410	380	17,140	8,795	8,350
Tamil	480	255	230	117,630	57,310	60,320
Telugu	195	115	80	10,820	5,895	4,925
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	340	165	175
Hmong-Mien languages	5	0	0	525	250	270
Indo-European languages	158,350	77,605	80,750	2,024,365	980,200	1,044,165
Albanian	350	170	180	19,045	9,535	9,510
Armenian	65	35	30	15,070	7,305	7,765
Balto-Slavic languages	34,450	15,845	18,605	410,725	188,695	222,025
Baltic languages	165	65	95	9,080	3,785	5,295
Latvian	80	35	45	3,910	1,650	2,260
Lithuanian	85	35	45	5,175	2,135	3,035
Slavic languages	34,280	15,775	18,510	401,645	184,915	216,730
Belarusan	40	20	25	515	230	280
Bosnian	575	285	290	6,370	3,125	3,245
Bulgarian	140	70	65	9,095	4,355	4,740
Croatian	1,030	505	530	31,875	15,460	16,410
Czech	615	310	310	10,670	4,930	5,740
Macedonian	145	70	75	15,635	7,470	8,165
Polish	6,455	2,905	3,545	121,075	54,675	66,405
Russian	9,130	4,495	4,640	101,100	45,630	55,470
Serbian	655	335	320	41,740	20,585	21,150
Serbo-Croatian	240	110	130	4,875	2,310	2,570
Slovak	405	175	225	10,280	4,710	5,565
Slovene (Slovenian)	270	130	140	6,740	2,995	3,745
Ukrainian	14,505	6,325	8,180	40,375	17,760	22,610
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	75	40	30	1,310	670	635
Celtic languages	115	60	55	1,110	505	605
Scottish Gaelic	50	25	20	450	210	240
Welsh	60	30	30	435	180	260
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	225	120	110
Germanic languages	68,670	33,310	35,360	200,640	94,475	106,165
Afrikaans	420	220	205	2,295	1,125	1,170
Danish	280	145	135	4,265	2,010	2,250
Dutch	2,675	1,335	1,335	51,720	24,875	26,840
Frisian	55	30	25	1,240	630	620
German	63,825	30,940	32,890	131,525	61,520	70,005
Icelandic	475	210	260	210	100	110
Norwegian	115	45	65	940	405	540
Swedish	135	70	70	2,395	1,040	1,350
Vlaams (Flemish)	310	125	180	2,150	925	1,225
Yiddish	355	175	180	3,735	1,765	1,970
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	170	80	85
Greek	1,285	665	615	55,415	27,305	28,110
Indo-Iranian languages	32,325	17,135	15,195	707,845	357,350	350,495
Indo-Aryan languages	29,520	15,700	13,820	565,600	285,720	279,875
Bengali	1,170	675	495	46,810	23,615	23,195
Gujarati	3,115	1,660	1,455	76,675	38,740	37,940
Hindi	2,270	1,215	1,060	58,735	29,805	28,930
Kashmiri	5	5	5	345	170	175
Konkani	35	20	15	2,510	1,195	1,315
Marathi	135	80	50	5,490	2,805	2,685
Nepali	720	355	365	7,870	3,915	3,960
Oriya (Odia)	10	5	5	715	380	335
Punjabi (Panjabi)	18,320	9,650	8,670	197,060	100,160	96,895
Sindhi	60	30	30	6,840	3,225	3,615
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	670	345	320	10,165	4,925	5,235
Urdu	3,015	1,655	1,355	152,385	76,795	75,595
Iranian languages	2,705	1,365	1,335	139,675	70,270	69,405
Kurdish	415	210	200	6,665	3,615	3,050
Pashto	275	130	150	10,950	5,630	5,315
Persian (Farsi)	2,020	1,030	990	122,070	61,025	61,040
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	100	60	40	2,565	1,350	1,215
Italic (Romance) languages	21,100	10,385	10,710	614,525	295,030	319,490
Catalan	0	0	5	285	150	135
Italian	3,840	1,910	1,930	231,040	112,440	118,600
Portuguese	6,585	3,190	3,390	150,000	72,280	77,715
Romanian	645	310	335	41,755	19,565	22,190
Spanish	10,005	4,965	5,040	191,025	90,390	100,630
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	420	200	215
Japanese	540	185	350	13,260	4,590	8,670
Kartvelian languages	15	10	10	1,200	635	565
Georgian	15	5	5	1,200	635	565
Korean	3,760	1,810	1,950	69,775	32,035	37,740
Mongolic languages	20	5	15	405	180	220
Mongolian	20	5	15	405	180	225
Niger-Congo languages	3,895	1,965	1,930	35,760	16,705	19,050
Akan (Twi)	150	90	65	9,695	4,510	5,190
Bamanankan	75	25	45	140	60	80
Edo	40	20	15	1,140	475	670
Ewe	30	20	10	560	270	295
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	65	35	30	365	180	185
Ga	15	10	5	600	275	325
Ganda	50	20	30	760	360	400
Igbo	280	155	130	2,090	1,080	1,010
Lingala	75	30	40	850	365	485
Rundi (Kirundi)	135	60	65	1,430	640	785
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	250	125	120	1,330	545	785
Shona	110	50	60	1,455	660	790
Swahili	870	420	455	5,525	2,540	2,985
Wolof	75	50	25	290	145	150
Yoruba	1,030	525	505	4,365	2,260	2,105
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	640	315	325	5,155	2,345	2,810
Nilo-Saharan languages	395	215	180	1,610	810	800
Dinka	175	90	80	345	170	175
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	225	125	100	1,260	635	625
Sign languages	440	230	210	3,030	1,570	1,455
American Sign Language	240	125	115	1,305	640	670
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	20	10	15
Sign languages, n.i.e	195	100	95	1,700	925	780
Sino-Tibetan languages	18,880	9,320	9,565	611,795	284,865	326,935
Chinese languages	18,305	9,025	9,280	602,610	280,340	322,270
Cantonese	6,625	3,140	3,485	275,315	128,090	147,220
Hakka	55	30	25	6,985	3,140	3,840
Mandarin	10,170	5,110	5,060	283,735	132,275	151,460
Min Dong	5	5	0	855	405	450
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	325	150	165	13,545	6,240	7,300
Wu (Shanghainese)	110	55	50	6,300	2,825	3,470
Chinese, n.o.s.	1,010	530	475	15,645	7,235	8,410
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	240	120	120
Tibeto-Burman languages	575	295	285	9,185	4,520	4,660
Burmese	85	50	30	1,640	775	865
Karenic languages	430	215	220	1,730	865	860
Tibetan	10	5	5	5,115	2,530	2,585
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	55	20	35	700	345	350
Tai-Kadai languages	1,120	525	595	8,485	3,535	4,945
Lao	875	445	430	5,190	2,480	2,710
Thai	240	85	165	3,270	1,045	2,220
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	5	0	0	25	10	15
Turkic languages	340	190	150	22,615	11,745	10,870
Azerbaijani	30	20	15	1,990	1,070	920
Turkish	210	120	95	18,415	9,610	8,810
Uyghur	10	5	10	515	255	260
Uzbek	40	25	15	1,055	515	545
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	40	25	20	640	295	345
Uralic languages	1,440	655	790	50,670	23,095	27,570
Estonian	30	10	15	4,205	1,810	2,400
Finnish	225	85	135	9,720	4,140	5,580
Hungarian	1,185	550	635	36,740	17,150	19,590
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	155	85	70	1,475	780	690
Multiple responses	31,505	15,280	16,220	365,910	176,250	189,660
English and French	4,365	2,140	2,230	54,045	25,165	28,880
English and non-official language	25,965	12,530	13,440	288,285	140,345	147,940
French and non-official language	695	380	315	12,565	5,735	6,830
English, French and non-official language	470	230	245	11,010	5,000	6,005
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	1,261,620	624,100	637,520	13,312,865	6,503,875	6,808,990
Single responses	1,197,145	593,020	604,120	12,522,045	6,123,955	6,398,085
Official languages	1,052,345	521,280	531,065	10,605,725	5,214,425	5,391,300
English	1,035,475	513,465	522,010	10,328,680	5,084,885	5,243,800
French	16,865	7,815	9,055	277,045	129,540	147,500
Non-official languages	144,800	71,740	73,060	1,916,315	909,530	1,006,780
Aboriginal languages	15,770	8,020	7,750	9,210	4,600	4,610
Algonquian languages	15,070	7,675	7,390	8,685	4,370	4,320
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	7,570	3,860	3,715	2,370	1,205	1,165
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	5	5	5
Moose Cree	0	0	0	10	10	5
Naskapi	0	0	0	10	5	5
Northern East Cree	10	5	0	20	10	15
Plains Cree	10	5	5	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	120	45	75	105	50	55
Woods Cree	15	10	5	5	5	0
Cree, n.o.s.	7,415	3,790	3,620	2,220	1,135	1,085
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	7,495	3,820	3,675	6,305	3,155	3,145
Algonquin	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ojibway	2,505	1,280	1,225	3,315	1,695	1,620
Oji-Cree	4,990	2,545	2,455	2,905	1,420	1,490
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	75	40	35
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Athabaskan languages	635	305	330	20	10	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	635	305	330	15	10	10
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	5	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	630	305	330	5	0	5
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Gwich'in	0	0	0	5	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	15	5	10	160	60	90
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Inuktitut	10	5	0	140	60	80
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	15	5	10
Iroquoian languages	5	0	0	210	90	120
Cayuga	0	0	0	5	5	5
Mohawk	0	0	0	185	80	100
Oneida	0	0	0	20	5	10
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	10	5	10	5	5	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	35	25	10	5	0	5
Dakota	35	25	10	5	5	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	120	55	65
Non-Aboriginal languages	129,035	63,725	65,310	1,907,105	904,930	1,002,170
Afro-Asiatic languages	6,875	3,475	3,400	138,460	66,865	71,590
Berber languages	20	15	5	345	175	170
Kabyle	15	10	0	255	125	130
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	5	5	90	50	45
Cushitic languages	1,185	550	630	14,460	6,100	8,360
Bilen	120	65	55	170	80	85
Oromo	210	95	115	805	380	425
Somali	845	385	460	13,370	5,590	7,780
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	10	0	110	50	65
Semitic languages	5,650	2,895	2,750	123,410	60,475	62,940
Amharic	1,045	520	525	5,625	2,540	3,085
Arabic	3,105	1,600	1,505	94,195	46,505	47,695
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	5	9,515	4,595	4,920
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	2,915	1,410	1,500
Harari	0	0	0	555	250	305
Hebrew	355	195	160	4,850	2,505	2,345
Maltese	10	5	5	1,090	505	580
Tigrigna	1,135	580	555	3,920	1,805	2,115
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	755	360	395
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	245	115	125
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,900	1,370	1,530	50,245	23,105	27,140
Khmer (Cambodian)	125	55	70	3,770	1,650	2,120
Vietnamese	2,775	1,315	1,460	46,435	21,435	25,000
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	40	20	20
Austronesian languages	27,215	13,065	14,155	85,370	36,525	48,845
Bikol	30	15	15	90	35	55
Cebuano	495	250	245	2,325	1,020	1,315
Fijian	15	5	10	15	10	10
Hiligaynon	125	55	75	910	385	530
Ilocano	390	190	200	4,100	1,780	2,320
Malagasy	0	0	0	35	15	20
Malay	55	25	30	1,810	860	945
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	245	120	130	445	200	250
Pangasinan	30	15	15	90	40	50
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	25,790	12,375	13,420	75,070	31,965	43,105
Waray-Waray	10	5	5	90	35	55
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	380	175	200
Creole languages	290	120	165	5,325	2,355	2,970
Haitian Creole	10	5	5	355	165	190
Creole, n.o.s.	165	75	85	3,995	1,735	2,255
Creole languages, n.i.e.	115	45	75	975	455	520
Dravidian languages	800	400	400	96,250	46,575	49,680
Kannada	45	25	25	1,060	540	520
Malayalam	405	195	205	8,760	4,460	4,295
Tamil	240	120	120	80,600	38,460	42,140
Telugu	110	60	50	5,705	3,050	2,655
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	125	55	70
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	200	95	105
Indo-European languages	70,820	35,325	35,495	978,300	469,640	508,670
Albanian	155	80	75	9,190	4,580	4,605
Armenian	20	10	5	8,630	4,065	4,560
Balto-Slavic languages	11,685	5,670	6,015	192,945	90,585	102,365
Baltic languages	25	10	15	2,305	950	1,355
Latvian	15	5	5	860	350	515
Lithuanian	10	5	5	1,440	600	840
Slavic languages	11,660	5,660	6,000	190,645	89,635	101,005
Belarusan	0	5	0	175	80	90
Bosnian	285	145	140	3,220	1,595	1,620
Bulgarian	65	30	30	4,830	2,350	2,480
Croatian	320	145	180	11,125	5,275	5,855
Czech	115	55	60	3,070	1,480	1,595
Macedonian	85	35	45	6,255	2,965	3,285
Polish	2,010	910	1,105	52,555	24,510	28,045
Russian	5,530	2,780	2,745	63,570	29,655	33,920
Serbian	335	170	170	23,175	11,335	11,840
Serbo-Croatian	90	40	50	1,925	920	1,010
Slovak	70	35	35	3,520	1,680	1,845
Slovene (Slovenian)	55	20	30	1,465	645	815
Ukrainian	2,690	1,285	1,405	15,415	6,995	8,420
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	355	160	190
Celtic languages	20	15	10	120	65	55
Scottish Gaelic	5	5	0	60	30	25
Welsh	10	5	5	30	10	15
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	15
Germanic languages	25,825	12,700	13,125	44,515	21,630	22,880
Afrikaans	200	100	100	755	365	390
Danish	10	5	5	280	135	150
Dutch	270	135	130	4,450	2,145	2,305
Frisian	10	5	5	90	45	45
German	24,795	12,185	12,615	37,255	18,140	19,120
Icelandic	35	15	20	45	20	30
Norwegian	10	5	5	70	30	40
Swedish	10	5	5	385	190	190
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	5	10	145	60	85
Yiddish	10	5	5	370	190	185
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	465	240	225	655	315	340
Greek	535	255	280	21,700	10,160	11,535
Indo-Iranian languages	22,810	11,920	10,890	435,835	215,755	220,080
Indo-Aryan languages	21,010	11,055	9,950	344,050	171,125	172,920
Bengali	690	390	305	29,590	14,595	14,995
Gujarati	2,100	1,095	1,005	45,445	22,410	23,035
Hindi	1,335	715	620	28,960	14,485	14,475
Kashmiri	0	0	0	65	30	35
Konkani	10	5	5	540	260	280
Marathi	40	25	20	2,420	1,230	1,190
Nepali	540	265	280	5,640	2,815	2,820
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	325	160	165
Punjabi (Panjabi)	14,000	7,330	6,670	132,135	66,410	65,725
Sindhi	30	10	15	2,880	1,320	1,560
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	360	190	170	4,595	2,250	2,345
Urdu	1,895	1,035	860	91,450	45,160	46,295
Iranian languages	1,755	835	920	90,730	44,090	46,640
Kurdish	275	135	140	3,675	1,900	1,770
Pashto	165	70	95	6,750	3,360	3,395
Persian (Farsi)	1,315	635	685	80,305	38,830	41,475
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	50	25	20	1,050	540	515
Italic (Romance) languages	9,765	4,670	5,090	265,375	122,790	142,585
Catalan	0	0	0	135	60	75
Italian	1,035	450	590	72,960	31,195	41,770
Portuguese	2,800	1,305	1,500	67,415	32,065	35,355
Romanian	235	110	125	19,920	9,380	10,535
Spanish	5,695	2,810	2,885	104,820	50,035	54,785
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	50	60
Japanese	175	75	105	6,040	2,590	3,450
Kartvelian languages	10	5	0	770	420	355
Georgian	10	5	5	775	420	355
Korean	2,915	1,430	1,490	48,540	22,685	25,855
Mongolic languages	5	0	5	225	115	110
Mongolian	5	5	5	230	120	110
Niger-Congo languages	1,410	695	720	12,120	5,400	6,725
Akan (Twi)	45	30	20	4,415	1,915	2,495
Bamanankan	15	5	5	25	15	15
Edo	5	5	0	305	120	180
Ewe	5	5	5	135	60	80
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	35	15	15	110	55	55
Ga	5	0	0	175	80	100
Ganda	5	0	0	195	85	110
Igbo	75	40	35	540	265	275
Lingala	40	20	20	225	100	130
Rundi (Kirundi)	65	35	35	475	230	240
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	105	55	50	420	160	260
Shona	10	5	10	455	210	245
Swahili	500	240	265	2,085	925	1,160
Wolof	25	20	10	130	65	65
Yoruba	345	175	170	1,300	625	675
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	125	50	75	1,120	500	625
Nilo-Saharan languages	130	60	70	550	260	290
Dinka	80	35	45	120	60	65
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	425	195	225
Sign languages	560	310	255	4,425	2,485	1,940
American Sign Language	255	135	120	1,605	830	770
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	25	15	15
Sign languages, n.i.e	305	170	135	2,795	1,640	1,150
Sino-Tibetan languages	13,910	6,920	6,985	448,200	210,560	237,640
Chinese languages	13,445	6,685	6,765	441,615	207,305	234,310
Cantonese	4,455	2,105	2,350	198,745	91,545	107,200
Hakka	25	10	15	2,870	1,305	1,575
Mandarin	8,080	4,105	3,975	220,535	105,360	115,175
Min Dong	5	0	0	265	115	145
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	135	65	70	5,775	2,635	3,140
Wu (Shanghainese)	65	30	35	3,690	1,735	1,955
Chinese, n.o.s.	675	365	315	9,630	4,565	5,070
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	100	45	55
Tibeto-Burman languages	465	235	225	6,580	3,250	3,330
Burmese	55	30	25	1,010	480	530
Karenic languages	370	190	180	1,360	685	675
Tibetan	5	0	5	3,875	1,925	1,945
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	40	15	20	335	165	170
Tai-Kadai languages	535	250	280	3,865	1,845	2,020
Lao	430	210	220	2,535	1,220	1,315
Thai	105	40	65	1,315	615	695
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	10	5	10
Turkic languages	135	70	65	12,435	6,200	6,230
Azerbaijani	10	5	10	770	385	380
Turkish	65	35	35	10,545	5,245	5,300
Uyghur	0	0	0	290	150	140
Uzbek	35	20	15	585	290	295
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	250	130	120
Uralic languages	305	140	165	15,330	6,990	8,340
Estonian	0	0	0	790	290	500
Finnish	35	15	15	1,835	780	1,050
Hungarian	270	125	145	12,700	5,915	6,790
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	40	25	20	465	245	225
Multiple responses	64,475	31,080	33,400	790,825	379,925	410,905
English and French	3,090	1,440	1,645	45,655	20,895	24,755
English and non-official language	60,090	28,995	31,090	719,595	347,730	371,865
French and non-official language	415	215	205	6,725	2,930	3,795
English, French and non-official language	885	420	455	18,855	8,365	10,490
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	1,261,615	624,095	637,520	13,312,865	6,503,875	6,808,990
None	1,079,050	535,990	543,065	11,071,665	5,436,665	5,635,000
English	76,350	37,795	38,550	896,170	437,015	459,155
French	20,200	9,130	11,075	243,970	108,390	135,580
Non-official language	83,315	39,860	43,455	1,056,960	501,315	555,645
Aboriginal	16,105	7,590	8,515	14,315	6,580	7,735
Non-Aboriginal	67,215	32,275	34,940	1,042,645	494,735	547,910
English and French	305	150	150	8,150	3,755	4,395
English and non-official language	1,610	815	790	19,105	9,370	9,735
French and non-official language	770	345	420	16,435	7,165	9,270
English, French and non-official language	20	5	10	415	205	215
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	1,001,305	491,590	509,715	11,038,440	5,342,850	5,695,590
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	954,035	467,790	486,250	10,556,935	5,115,460	5,441,475
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,188	40,379	29,220	33,539	39,889	28,676
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	954,205	467,820	486,390	10,559,805	5,115,825	5,443,975
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,465	35,150	26,561	30,641	35,753	26,585
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	859,545	431,145	428,400	9,391,800	4,650,130	4,741,675
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,592	39,229	26,692	32,871	39,831	27,012
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	701,840	309,530	392,310	7,632,575	3,402,810	4,229,770
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	4,268	1,890	5,434	4,206	2,034	5,463
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	722,785	374,850	347,935	7,790,680	3,998,335	3,792,350
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,677	39,365	28,679	33,946	39,490	29,413
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	1,001,305	491,580	509,725	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	953,960	467,575	486,385	10,556,925	5,114,340	5,442,580
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,767	51,068	36,747	47,915	56,780	39,585
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	954,175	467,605	486,565	10,559,935	5,114,725	5,445,210
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,957	41,013	31,097	39,318	45,443	33,564
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	859,575	431,035	428,540	9,391,645	4,649,230	4,742,415
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,776	50,803	34,704	47,890	57,511	38,459
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	701,830	308,940	392,890	7,632,220	3,402,745	4,229,475
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,099	6,411	7,640	7,346	6,763	7,815
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	722,785	374,535	348,250	7,790,680	3,995,700	3,794,985
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,551	49,417	35,168	47,369	55,263	39,057
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	1,001,310	491,580	509,725	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	350,580	201,335	149,245	3,737,385	2,082,480	1,654,900
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	50,026	54,580	44,818	55,121	60,345	49,713
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	59,523	65,410	51,581	68,628	76,536	58,676
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	88.0	91.7	83.1	88.9	92.1	84.7
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	73.6	77.4	68.6	72.9	76.0	68.7
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	12.0	8.3	16.9	11.1	7.9	15.3
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	1,001,310	491,585	509,720	11,038,440	5,342,850	5,695,590
Without total income	47,270	23,800	23,470	481,500	227,390	254,115
With total income	954,040	467,790	486,245	10,556,940	5,115,460	5,441,475
Percentage with total income	95.3	95.2	95.4	95.6	95.7	95.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	137,700	62,550	75,150	1,615,790	711,105	904,685
$10,000 to $19,999	150,320	58,320	91,995	1,829,355	742,710	1,086,645
$20,000 to $29,999	136,510	54,950	81,560	1,410,760	589,975	820,785
$30,000 to $39,999	123,685	55,805	67,885	1,147,510	519,550	627,955
$40,000 to $49,999	109,710	54,650	55,060	1,021,880	489,595	532,285
$50,000 to $59,999	80,625	45,170	35,460	809,115	415,950	393,165
$60,000 to $69,999	58,785	35,250	23,535	630,635	348,525	282,110
$70,000 to $79,999	43,365	26,465	16,895	479,890	277,725	202,165
$80,000 to $89,999	34,000	20,100	13,905	378,185	222,095	156,095
$90,000 to $99,999	21,980	13,545	8,440	324,810	181,815	142,995
$100,000 and over	57,355	40,985	16,370	909,005	616,420	292,585
$100,000 to $149,999	40,870	28,585	12,285	600,995	394,410	206,590
$150,000 and over	16,490	12,395	4,090	308,010	222,010	86,000
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	1,001,305	491,585	509,720	11,038,440	5,342,850	5,695,590
Without after-tax income	47,100	23,770	23,330	478,635	227,025	251,610
With after-tax income	954,205	467,820	486,390	10,559,805	5,115,825	5,443,980
Percentage with after-tax income	95.3	95.2	95.4	95.7	95.8	95.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	142,035	63,525	78,510	1,659,280	722,040	937,235
$10,000 to $19,999	161,865	63,410	98,460	1,906,875	777,330	1,129,540
$20,000 to $29,999	165,880	68,985	96,895	1,623,230	690,290	932,940
$30,000 to $39,999	153,680	73,335	80,350	1,377,100	642,645	734,450
$40,000 to $49,999	116,415	63,755	52,660	1,166,040	585,490	580,555
$50,000 to $59,999	78,105	46,940	31,160	845,305	464,610	380,700
$60,000 to $69,999	53,870	32,165	21,705	604,005	354,015	249,985
$70,000 to $79,999	31,690	19,680	12,010	465,485	268,140	197,345
$80,000 and over	50,655	36,025	14,630	912,490	611,260	301,230
$80,000 to $89,999	18,025	12,260	5,760	299,315	183,410	115,905
$90,000 to $99,999	10,325	7,305	3,015	174,110	116,330	57,785
$100,000 and over	22,305	16,460	5,850	439,070	311,525	127,540
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	1,001,305	491,590	509,720	11,038,440	5,342,850	5,695,590
Without employment income	278,525	116,740	161,775	3,247,760	1,344,515	1,903,245
With employment income	722,785	374,845	347,940	7,790,680	3,998,335	3,792,350
Percentage with employment income	72.2	76.3	68.3	70.6	74.8	66.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	90,045	42,675	47,375	1,094,860	546,920	547,940
$5,000 to $9,999	54,560	23,875	30,690	635,305	281,135	354,165
$10,000 to $19,999	94,460	41,920	52,535	1,027,910	464,445	563,465
$20,000 to $29,999	89,540	39,650	49,895	827,805	372,185	455,625
$30,000 to $39,999	88,340	41,905	46,440	767,840	351,925	415,910
$40,000 to $49,999	77,755	40,205	37,550	709,775	341,320	368,450
$50,000 to $59,999	58,900	34,355	24,550	588,220	310,155	278,065
$60,000 to $69,999	44,085	27,115	16,970	465,670	263,430	202,240
$70,000 to $79,999	34,450	21,375	13,075	369,085	218,570	150,515
$80,000 and over	90,650	61,780	28,865	1,304,210	848,245	455,970
$80,000 to $89,999	28,365	16,860	11,505	307,660	182,660	125,005
$90,000 to $99,999	17,635	11,355	6,275	280,530	156,440	124,090
$100,000 and over	44,650	33,560	11,095	716,015	509,140	206,875
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	489,050	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	68,147	...	...	74,287	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	59,093	...	...	65,285	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	135,495	...	...	1,341,300	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	35,846	...	...	36,900	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,538	...	...	33,219	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	353,550	...	...	3,827,875	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	84,532	...	...	90,967	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	72,688	...	...	79,528	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	489,050	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	85,373	...	...	97,856	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	70,154	...	...	80,322	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	135,440	...	...	1,341,115	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	44,208	...	...	49,571	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	36,503	...	...	40,830	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	353,605	...	...	3,828,060	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	101,140	...	...	114,773	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	83,044	...	...	94,157	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	489,050	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Under $5,000	9,250	...	...	86,720	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	8,175	...	...	70,245	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	11,450	...	...	134,395	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	18,260	...	...	185,245	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	21,395	...	...	200,770	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	19,035	...	...	189,450	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	21,090	...	...	202,580	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	21,745	...	...	207,180	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	21,605	...	...	206,605	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	21,225	...	...	202,015	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	40,240	...	...	388,820	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	37,910	...	...	363,580	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	34,275	...	...	335,770	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	31,555	...	...	309,105	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	27,215	...	...	282,740	...	...
$100,000 and over	144,620	...	...	1,803,955	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	52,495	...	...	560,090	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	34,595	...	...	394,570	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	34,670	...	...	449,885	...	...
$200,000 and over	22,865	...	...	399,410	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	489,050	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Under $5,000	9,725	...	...	92,220	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	8,315	...	...	71,480	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	11,860	...	...	136,550	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	19,325	...	...	192,920	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	24,370	...	...	222,605	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	22,665	...	...	211,440	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	25,915	...	...	232,755	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	26,725	...	...	244,335	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	25,965	...	...	247,645	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	25,290	...	...	241,965	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	48,610	...	...	463,170	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	44,280	...	...	422,695	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	38,890	...	...	388,720	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	32,370	...	...	342,330	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	26,890	...	...	290,720	...	...
$100,000 and over	97,850	...	...	1,367,630	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	46,355	...	...	539,915	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	24,795	...	...	334,420	...	...
$150,000 and over	26,705	...	...	493,295	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	341,205	...	...	3,689,580	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	84,441	...	...	91,089	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	72,563	...	...	79,531	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	127,580	...	...	1,280,890	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	79,103	...	...	81,459	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	67,596	...	...	71,237	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	150,585	...	...	1,716,115	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	104,902	...	...	115,381	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	89,307	...	...	99,205	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.2	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	52,215	...	...	584,180	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	49,922	...	...	54,363	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	46,048	...	...	50,317	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.9	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	341,235	...	...	3,689,080	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	101,410	...	...	115,328	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	83,132	...	...	94,410	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	127,710	...	...	1,280,580	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	95,583	...	...	104,425	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	77,743	...	...	84,952	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	150,695	...	...	1,717,295	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	122,176	...	...	140,590	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	99,399	...	...	114,144	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	52,130	...	...	581,945	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	60,006	...	...	67,748	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	52,307	...	...	58,742	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	175,270	86,935	88,335	1,818,815	867,175	951,640
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	32,927	35,568	30,818	32,097	33,925	30,753
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	29,429	31,130	28,062	29,417	30,678	28,442
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	174,945	86,380	88,565	1,814,575	864,020	950,555
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	40,853	43,332	38,434	44,298	46,765	42,057
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	33,961	35,291	32,663	36,874	38,228	35,644
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	1,240,700	614,440	626,260	13,242,160	6,472,205	6,769,955
In the bottom half of the distribution	687,930	332,640	355,290	6,335,170	3,016,275	3,318,895
In the bottom decile	151,750	74,825	76,930	1,346,645	651,310	695,335
In the second decile	135,485	62,035	73,450	1,280,675	581,380	699,290
In the third decile	135,395	64,805	70,590	1,237,415	583,840	653,575
In the fourth decile	132,755	65,185	67,575	1,223,510	589,740	633,770
In the fifth decile	132,540	65,790	66,750	1,246,925	610,000	636,930
In the top half of the distribution	552,770	281,805	270,965	6,906,990	3,455,930	3,451,060
In the sixth decile	127,575	64,305	63,265	1,279,095	629,635	649,465
In the seventh decile	123,505	62,770	60,735	1,321,220	655,840	665,375
In the eighth decile	116,805	59,460	57,350	1,382,795	691,630	691,165
In the ninth decile	104,820	53,835	50,980	1,464,415	736,030	728,385
In the top decile	80,070	41,435	38,640	1,459,465	742,795	716,670
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	1,175,720	581,585	594,135	13,184,055	6,442,930	6,741,130
0 to 17 years	260,905	134,075	126,830	2,656,535	1,361,905	1,294,630
0 to 5 years	85,935	44,240	41,695	835,000	428,025	406,975
18 to 64 years	737,035	365,965	371,070	8,418,960	4,110,615	4,308,345
65 years and over	177,780	81,540	96,235	2,108,560	970,405	1,138,155
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	180,880	85,185	95,690	1,898,975	886,530	1,012,445
0 to 17 years	57,185	29,390	27,790	489,905	251,830	238,080
0 to 5 years	21,325	10,970	10,355	165,140	84,825	80,310
18 to 64 years	98,920	46,630	52,285	1,155,315	538,535	616,780
65 years and over	24,785	9,165	15,615	253,755	96,170	157,585
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	15.4	14.6	16.1	14.4	13.8	15.0
0 to 17 years (%)	21.9	21.9	21.9	18.4	18.5	18.4
0 to 5 years (%)	24.8	24.8	24.8	19.8	19.8	19.7
18 to 64 years (%)	13.4	12.7	14.1	13.7	13.1	14.3
65 years and over (%)	13.9	11.2	16.2	12.0	9.9	13.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	115,965	56,255	59,705	1,298,590	627,935	670,650
0 to 17 years	33,260	17,040	16,220	304,390	156,575	147,815
0 to 5 years	12,310	6,325	5,985	102,750	52,810	49,935
18 to 64 years	73,655	35,895	37,760	887,640	430,545	457,095
65 years and over	9,045	3,325	5,725	106,555	40,815	65,740
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	9.9	9.7	10.0	9.8	9.7	9.9
0 to 17 years (%)	12.7	12.7	12.8	11.5	11.5	11.4
0 to 5 years (%)	14.3	14.3	14.4	12.3	12.3	12.3
18 to 64 years (%)	10.0	9.8	10.2	10.5	10.5	10.6
65 years and over (%)	5.1	4.1	5.9	5.1	4.2	5.8
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	1,240,700	614,440	626,260	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,925
Official languages	1,224,985	607,375	617,605	12,918,075	6,342,930	6,575,145
English	1,223,665	606,760	616,905	12,879,045	6,326,225	6,552,825
French	108,560	49,435	59,130	1,521,020	677,505	843,510
Non-official languages	340,250	165,150	175,100	4,431,270	2,115,510	2,315,760
Aboriginal languages	40,465	19,410	21,050	33,855	15,815	18,035
Algonquian languages	38,305	18,375	19,930	30,630	14,505	16,125
Blackfoot	10	0	10	15	15	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	20,975	10,025	10,955	6,560	3,160	3,395
Atikamekw	0	0	0	10	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Moose Cree	0	0	10	145	70	75
Naskapi	0	0	0	25	10	10
Northern East Cree	85	25	55	65	25	45
Plains Cree	190	90	100	105	50	50
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	1,140	505	640	605	255	350
Woods Cree	130	65	65	45	25	25
Cree, n.o.s.	19,435	9,340	10,095	5,620	2,760	2,865
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	10	0	180	95	85
Malecite	10	10	0	20	20	0
Mi'kmaq	10	0	0	160	75	85
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	17,710	8,520	9,185	23,980	11,285	12,690
Algonquin	10	0	0	205	95	105
Ojibway	9,685	4,560	5,125	16,220	7,600	8,630
Oji-Cree	8,045	3,975	4,070	7,515	3,585	3,935
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	200	105	100
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	40	50
Athabaskan languages	1,120	525	595	85	25	65
Northern Athabaskan languages	1,110	520	590	80	25	55
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	10	0	10
Chilcotin	0	0	0	10	0	10
Dene	1,110	520	595	45	20	30
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Gwich'in	0	0	0	10	0	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	10
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	110	55	55	840	320	525
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	10	10	0	10	0	10
Inuktitut	80	35	45	730	285	445
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	105	35	70
Iroquoian languages	15	10	10	1,940	810	1,125
Cayuga	0	0	0	120	35	85
Mohawk	15	10	10	1,625	710	915
Oneida	0	0	0	180	55	125
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	50	25	25
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	210	115	95	180	65	110
Salish languages	0	0	10	10	0	10
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	10	0	10	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	10	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Siouan languages	760	365	395	40	10	30
Dakota	760	360	400	20	10	10
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	20	0	15
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Wakashan languages	10	0	10	10	10	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	10	0	0	0	0	10
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	35	15	20	210	100	110
Non-Aboriginal languages	299,900	145,795	154,110	4,397,690	2,099,820	2,297,865
Afro-Asiatic languages	15,730	8,320	7,410	362,645	183,050	179,595
Berber languages	85	50	40	925	505	415
Kabyle	45	25	20	530	280	255
Berber languages, n.i.e.	50	35	10	390	225	165
Cushitic languages	2,300	1,195	1,105	34,160	15,155	19,000
Bilen	210	120	85	355	200	160
Oromo	535	275	260	2,075	905	1,175
Somali	1,550	790	760	31,535	13,925	17,610
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	15	10	370	170	205
Semitic languages	13,685	7,300	6,390	330,315	168,750	161,570
Amharic	2,475	1,370	1,105	16,010	7,565	8,445
Arabic	6,650	3,590	3,055	246,015	127,015	119,000
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15	0	10	17,825	8,775	9,050
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	0	0	6,185	3,045	3,140
Harari	0	10	0	1,310	660	645
Hebrew	3,370	1,735	1,635	43,255	22,165	21,090
Maltese	65	30	35	7,020	3,455	3,570
Tigrigna	2,225	1,175	1,050	9,385	4,320	5,065
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	1,985	1,010	975
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	155	80	80	1,125	535	590
Austro-Asiatic languages	5,230	2,545	2,685	99,830	46,210	53,620
Khmer (Cambodian)	335	185	150	10,045	4,490	5,550
Vietnamese	4,905	2,370	2,535	90,265	41,965	48,300
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	10	50
Austronesian languages	65,305	30,220	35,090	249,435	98,295	151,150
Bikol	225	100	125	755	340	425
Cebuano	1,615	805	810	9,475	3,650	5,830
Fijian	65	35	30	110	40	65
Hiligaynon	425	180	245	3,110	1,205	1,910
Ilocano	1,875	880	990	15,235	5,940	9,295
Malagasy	0	0	0	215	115	100
Malay	375	180	195	9,780	4,500	5,280
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	945	415	530	1,935	855	1,080
Pangasinan	205	100	110	565	245	320
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	64,165	29,640	34,520	232,935	91,110	141,820
Waray-Waray	115	55	55	410	125	285
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	200	80	120	1,785	755	1,030
Creole languages	1,310	605	705	30,260	13,525	16,735
Haitian Creole	25	10	15	1,430	605	830
Creole, n.o.s.	635	310	315	19,375	8,480	10,895
Creole languages, n.i.e.	680	305	375	9,685	4,525	5,155
Dravidian languages	1,840	945	895	196,315	97,975	98,335
Kannada	175	95	80	5,775	2,930	2,845
Malayalam	830	400	430	22,880	11,535	11,345
Tamil	655	330	325	157,700	77,975	79,730
Telugu	255	150	110	16,315	8,925	7,390
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	495	250	240
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	545	265	280
Indo-European languages	175,950	86,435	89,510	2,608,060	1,265,535	1,342,525
Albanian	390	195	195	22,375	11,180	11,195
Armenian	65	50	15	18,435	8,860	9,575
Balto-Slavic languages	39,530	18,780	20,745	473,565	221,450	252,120
Baltic languages	230	90	140	10,545	4,495	6,050
Latvian	115	45	70	4,675	2,070	2,610
Lithuanian	120	50	65	5,875	2,430	3,445
Slavic languages	39,360	18,720	20,640	465,170	217,885	247,285
Belarusan	65	25	45	1,360	680	680
Bosnian	835	405	430	9,915	4,905	5,010
Bulgarian	155	95	60	10,410	5,060	5,350
Croatian	1,595	765	825	46,580	22,880	23,700
Czech	735	335	395	14,045	6,615	7,430
Macedonian	140	75	60	21,505	10,365	11,140
Polish	7,655	3,625	4,035	142,985	65,415	77,575
Russian	13,455	6,715	6,740	138,735	64,355	74,380
Serbian	870	470	400	53,250	26,725	26,525
Serbo-Croatian	190	75	115	5,815	2,845	2,965
Slovak	480	215	260	12,035	5,550	6,490
Slovene (Slovenian)	275	100	175	7,935	3,550	4,390
Ukrainian	17,095	7,795	9,305	54,615	24,125	30,490
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	70	35	30	1,750	935	815
Celtic languages	225	125	100	3,800	1,880	1,920
Scottish Gaelic	90	65	25	1,480	720	765
Welsh	90	45	45	685	300	390
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	45	15	25	1,650	870	785
Germanic languages	68,285	33,250	35,035	274,305	130,610	143,700
Afrikaans	715	330	385	7,360	3,625	3,735
Danish	270	120	150	5,440	2,455	2,980
Dutch	3,120	1,555	1,565	63,410	29,875	33,535
Frisian	90	65	30	1,655	820	835
German	61,760	30,170	31,600	189,035	90,730	98,305
Icelandic	560	225	335	285	130	155
Norwegian	290	115	175	2,140	975	1,165
Swedish	270	125	150	5,125	2,345	2,785
Vlaams (Flemish)	270	120	155	2,275	1,050	1,225
Yiddish	545	235	315	7,175	3,535	3,640
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	2,490	1,285	1,205	3,290	1,645	1,645
Greek	2,010	1,015	1,000	80,690	40,105	40,590
Indo-Iranian languages	38,760	20,480	18,280	915,765	463,175	452,585
Indo-Aryan languages	35,830	18,990	16,835	759,390	384,940	374,450
Bengali	1,520	885	635	59,685	30,420	29,265
Gujarati	3,905	2,065	1,840	103,890	52,380	51,510
Hindi	12,900	6,900	6,000	250,095	127,765	122,335
Kashmiri	20	15	10	600	300	300
Konkani	40	30	10	5,490	2,515	2,975
Marathi	275	170	105	10,360	5,380	4,980
Nepali	600	285	315	10,245	5,115	5,135
Oriya (Odia)	15	10	10	1,090	515	570
Punjabi (Panjabi)	22,900	12,035	10,865	282,065	145,050	137,015
Sindhi	150	85	65	11,515	5,385	6,130
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	920	500	420	18,555	9,230	9,330
Urdu	4,600	2,540	2,060	231,500	117,305	114,190
Iranian languages	3,035	1,525	1,515	163,490	81,710	81,785
Kurdish	600	295	305	8,795	4,755	4,040
Pashto	290	135	150	15,315	8,145	7,170
Persian (Farsi)	2,295	1,175	1,120	145,465	72,275	73,190
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	230	125	105	4,665	2,495	2,175
Italic (Romance) languages	34,360	16,630	17,735	880,330	418,225	462,105
Catalan	15	10	10	515	275	240
Italian	5,350	2,610	2,735	333,645	161,190	172,455
Portuguese	8,460	4,125	4,335	193,520	93,885	99,635
Romanian	785	395	390	49,635	23,205	26,430
Spanish	20,605	9,910	10,695	337,615	156,040	181,580
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	60	45	15	1,355	745	605
Japanese	1,160	550	605	25,675	11,535	14,140
Kartvelian languages	10	0	15	1,555	775	780
Georgian	15	0	15	1,555	770	785
Korean	4,240	2,100	2,145	79,175	36,930	42,245
Mongolic languages	55	20	35	515	225	285
Mongolian	55	20	30	515	225	285
Niger-Congo languages	7,970	4,125	3,845	70,570	33,620	36,945
Akan (Twi)	260	165	95	15,950	7,520	8,435
Bamanankan	160	95	65	385	195	185
Edo	95	60	30	2,130	930	1,195
Ewe	50	30	20	880	435	445
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	50	25	25	700	320	375
Ga	30	10	15	1,340	645	695
Ganda	230	110	120	1,225	550	675
Igbo	665	345	325	4,025	2,105	1,920
Lingala	655	315	345	4,885	2,165	2,720
Rundi (Kirundi)	205	105	105	2,555	1,080	1,475
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	305	155	155	2,220	885	1,330
Shona	250	110	140	2,350	1,055	1,300
Swahili	1,930	1,020	905	16,750	8,110	8,640
Wolof	150	85	70	730	355	375
Yoruba	2,630	1,330	1,295	10,495	5,345	5,150
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	1,440	765	680	11,210	5,255	5,950
Nilo-Saharan languages	410	225	185	2,025	1,020	1,010
Dinka	180	105	75	415	220	200
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	225	120	105	1,615	805	810
Sign languages	2,670	985	1,685	18,865	7,645	11,220
American Sign Language	1,710	625	1,090	10,220	3,695	6,525
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	235	60	180
Sign languages, n.i.e.	975	365	610	8,690	4,005	4,680
Sino-Tibetan languages	21,130	10,490	10,650	689,145	324,575	364,565
Chinese languages	20,475	10,185	10,285	679,170	319,635	359,530
Cantonese	8,310	3,920	4,390	341,875	159,280	182,600
Hakka	50	30	20	7,865	3,445	4,420
Mandarin	12,825	6,460	6,365	385,395	179,890	205,510
Min Dong	0	0	0	810	330	480
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	480	230	250	16,980	7,650	9,330
Wu (Shanghainese)	185	95	85	8,305	3,860	4,440
Chinese, n.o.s.	1,115	600	510	16,455	7,710	8,745
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	185	95	90
Tibeto-Burman languages	675	310	370	10,460	5,200	5,260
Burmese	185	115	70	2,215	1,055	1,165
Karenic languages	465	200	265	1,820	905	920
Tibetan	0	0	0	5,695	2,845	2,850
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	145	60	80	1,245	645	605
Tai-Kadai languages	1,565	730	835	11,120	4,945	6,180
Lao	1,120	520	600	6,740	3,215	3,520
Thai	575	270	305	5,195	2,065	3,135
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	30	10	20
Turkic languages	510	250	265	33,335	17,310	16,025
Azerbaijani	50	25	30	3,260	1,710	1,550
Turkish	365	180	185	27,850	14,510	13,340
Uyghur	30	15	10	700	350	345
Uzbek	40	20	15	1,405	700	705
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	45	15	30	915	450	465
Uralic languages	1,550	730	815	58,370	27,060	31,310
Estonian	45	20	25	4,785	2,155	2,625
Finnish	265	105	160	11,145	4,865	6,280
Hungarian	1,235	600	635	42,545	20,070	22,480
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	445	290	150	3,675	1,950	1,725
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	1,240,700	614,440	626,260	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	1,133,080	560,165	572,920	12,223,065	5,987,360	6,235,705
Canadian citizens aged under 18	266,225	136,640	129,585	2,546,075	1,305,820	1,240,255
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	866,855	423,520	443,335	9,676,990	4,681,540	4,995,445
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	107,620	54,280	53,340	1,019,095	484,880	534,215
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	1,240,700	614,445	626,255	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	996,860	494,285	502,570	9,188,815	4,555,270	4,633,545
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	227,465	111,095	116,365	3,852,145	1,814,665	2,037,480
Before 1981	50,025	23,340	26,680	1,077,745	507,500	570,240
1981 to 1990	20,205	10,190	10,010	513,995	246,235	267,755
1991 to 2000	23,040	11,165	11,875	834,510	390,315	444,195
2001 to 2010	70,985	35,305	35,680	953,730	446,895	506,835
2001 to 2005	22,570	11,195	11,370	490,560	230,950	259,610
2006 to 2010	48,415	24,110	24,305	463,170	215,945	247,225
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	63,210	31,095	32,120	472,170	223,715	248,450
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	16,375	9,055	7,320	201,200	102,305	98,895
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	227,470	111,100	116,370	3,852,145	1,814,665	2,037,485
Under 5 years	25,595	12,975	12,625	369,955	184,255	185,705
5 to 14 years	45,570	23,305	22,265	685,085	345,865	339,225
15 to 24 years	44,585	20,820	23,770	855,475	381,025	474,450
25 to 44 years	93,700	45,160	48,540	1,579,500	741,340	838,160
45 years and over	18,010	8,845	9,170	362,130	162,180	199,945
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	227,465	111,095	116,365	3,852,145	1,814,665	2,037,480
Americas	31,980	15,285	16,700	598,950	265,930	333,025
Brazil	435	170	265	14,705	6,700	8,010
Colombia	1,050	510	545	28,815	13,085	15,730
El Salvador	2,480	1,325	1,155	20,920	10,165	10,750
Guyana	1,135	515	620	79,745	35,325	44,420
Haiti	155	75	80	10,195	4,410	5,785
Jamaica	1,810	835	970	119,840	51,320	68,525
Mexico	6,655	3,330	3,320	30,075	13,895	16,185
Peru	235	85	150	10,550	4,660	5,895
Trinidad and Tobago	1,505	785	720	52,810	23,515	29,300
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	7,100	3,100	4,000	109,005	47,170	61,830
Other places of birth in Americas	9,425	4,550	4,875	122,280	55,685	66,600
Europe	56,705	27,815	28,890	1,144,295	546,250	598,050
Bosnia and Herzegovina	1,055	530	525	21,300	10,655	10,645
Croatia	975	445	535	27,330	13,495	13,835
France	795	425	365	13,385	6,310	7,070
Germany	10,390	5,215	5,175	63,460	29,685	33,775
Greece	820	445	375	36,575	18,225	18,350
Hungary	815	435	375	22,085	10,495	11,590
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	650	310	340	15,275	7,415	7,860
Italy	2,755	1,405	1,350	157,815	78,510	79,305
Netherlands	2,250	1,185	1,060	47,400	23,910	23,490
Poland	5,280	2,455	2,820	96,000	43,155	52,845
Portugal	4,380	2,170	2,210	103,025	50,240	52,785
Romania	720	345	375	42,720	19,720	23,000
Russian Federation	4,245	2,035	2,210	42,980	18,540	24,440
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	355	175	175	23,695	11,610	12,085
Ukraine	4,765	2,250	2,515	39,945	18,150	21,795
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	11,665	5,655	6,015	264,125	125,730	138,390
Other places of birth in Europe	4,790	2,325	2,470	127,190	60,395	66,790
Africa	17,975	9,495	8,485	226,770	109,585	117,185
Algeria	115	60	55	2,925	1,480	1,450
Egypt	980	525	455	34,510	18,000	16,510
Ethiopia	2,525	1,360	1,165	15,570	7,230	8,340
Kenya	935	470	465	14,940	6,910	8,025
Morocco	250	140	110	5,485	2,690	2,795
Nigeria	3,820	2,070	1,750	20,630	10,285	10,345
Somalia	755	350	415	16,970	6,845	10,125
South Africa, Republic of	975	465	505	19,390	9,545	9,840
Other places of birth in Africa	7,630	4,055	3,570	96,355	46,610	49,745
Asia	120,230	58,215	62,015	1,869,805	886,570	983,240
Afghanistan	615	285	330	33,145	16,490	16,655
Bangladesh	880	475	400	39,410	19,970	19,440
China^{Census data footnote 59}	9,250	4,460	4,790	317,225	143,705	173,515
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	1,460	715	735	108,030	50,945	57,090
India	21,990	11,395	10,595	360,540	179,950	180,590
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	1,180	655	530	86,810	43,445	43,360
Iraq	860	460	400	50,390	25,280	25,115
Japan	225	70	150	8,145	2,550	5,585
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	2,880	1,415	1,470	57,085	26,660	30,425
Lebanon	265	165	100	34,545	18,145	16,405
Pakistan	3,125	1,675	1,450	142,265	71,925	70,345
Philippines	61,950	28,800	33,150	231,760	93,730	138,030
Sri Lanka	1,015	515	505	109,855	53,640	56,215
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	805	390	410	22,680	11,405	11,270
Taiwan	215	110	110	17,840	7,775	10,065
Viet Nam	4,225	2,035	2,185	80,525	36,545	43,985
Other places of birth in Asia	9,285	4,590	4,695	169,555	84,400	85,160
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	575	290	280	12,330	6,330	5,990
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	63,210	31,095	32,115	472,170	223,720	248,450
Americas	4,130	1,840	2,290	60,700	29,005	31,700
Brazil	100	35	65	3,180	1,505	1,675
Colombia	185	70	120	4,520	2,005	2,520
Cuba	75	25	55	1,950	910	1,045
Haiti	15	10	0	2,575	1,140	1,435
Jamaica	340	175	165	8,935	4,840	4,090
Mexico	875	415	465	5,670	2,745	2,925
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	970	445	525	14,635	7,225	7,405
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	75	30	40	2,460	1,120	1,340
Other places of birth in Americas	1,490	640	850	16,775	7,510	9,265
Europe	5,155	2,650	2,505	45,295	22,250	23,045
France	135	70	75	2,010	1,025	985
Germany	580	310	265	1,695	885	805
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	135	80	60	1,900	1,185	715
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	160	85	70	880	400	480
Romania	70	30	35	2,425	995	1,430
Russian Federation	1,145	530	610	4,905	1,790	3,115
Ukraine	1,320	670	650	4,455	2,005	2,445
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	550	290	265	7,780	4,515	3,265
Other places of birth in Europe	1,060	590	470	19,245	9,450	9,795
Africa	7,860	4,120	3,735	39,380	19,045	20,330
Algeria	20	10	10	415	180	240
Cameroon	65	45	20	1,390	640	750
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	740	360	380	1,835	845	990
Côte d'Ivoire	95	35	60	605	245	360
Egypt	415	220	190	8,220	4,290	3,935
Eritrea	795	430	360	2,055	1,010	1,045
Ethiopia	810	425	380	2,505	1,115	1,385
Morocco	70	30	35	655	275	375
Nigeria	2,630	1,415	1,215	5,910	2,895	3,015
Somalia	385	160	215	2,065	965	1,100
South Africa, Republic of	225	110	120	1,410	715	695
Tunisia	65	45	20	310	155	150
Other places of birth in Africa	1,555	820	735	12,010	5,715	6,295
Asia	45,915	22,395	23,520	324,820	152,205	172,615
Afghanistan	60	35	25	5,785	2,845	2,945
Bangladesh	360	195	170	8,180	4,055	4,125
China^{Census data footnote 59}	3,390	1,635	1,760	58,840	26,025	32,815
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	185	105	80	1,985	800	1,190
India	10,915	5,675	5,240	69,325	35,060	34,265
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	425	230	195	21,225	10,300	10,930
Iraq	330	175	155	14,645	7,315	7,330
Israel	595	340	260	2,050	1,085	970
Japan	45	25	25	1,385	370	1,015
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	1,300	665	640	6,320	2,855	3,470
Lebanon	140	100	35	3,230	1,685	1,545
Nepal	210	70	140	3,395	1,725	1,665
Pakistan	1,535	800	735	25,435	12,425	13,015
Philippines	22,885	10,645	12,245	53,190	21,740	31,450
Saudi Arabia	325	145	180	3,140	1,615	1,530
Sri Lanka	250	140	115	8,185	3,580	4,605
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	635	325	310	12,710	6,590	6,120
Taiwan	20	0	10	1,015	435	580
Turkey	40	30	10	2,590	1,440	1,145
United Arab Emirates	110	55	55	4,290	2,230	2,055
Viet Nam	495	220	275	3,885	1,520	2,365
Other places of birth in Asia	1,650	785	870	13,995	6,505	7,485
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	150	80	70	1,980	1,215	765
Australia	80	25	60	1,535	965	565
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	65	55	15	445	250	200
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	1,240,695	614,440	626,260	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	249,625	123,035	126,585	4,122,840	1,953,095	2,169,740
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	197,530	97,135	100,395	3,049,835	1,525,300	1,524,540
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	793,545	394,265	399,280	6,069,485	2,993,845	3,075,640
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	180,810	89,380	91,425	2,825,480	1,331,730	1,493,750
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	119,845	60,680	59,165	1,364,380	677,695	686,685
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	44,415	27,435	16,980	540,795	338,460	202,335
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	75,430	33,250	42,185	823,580	339,240	484,350
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	39,875	17,355	22,525	940,405	382,890	557,520
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	20,550	11,155	9,395	482,665	253,750	228,910
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	540	195	345	38,035	17,400	20,640
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	1,240,700	614,440	626,260	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	223,310	108,495	114,815	374,395	179,970	194,420
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	220,470	107,145	113,330	361,125	173,685	187,445
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	130,510	62,955	67,550	236,680	112,840	123,845
Métis	89,355	43,895	45,465	120,585	59,015	61,570
Inuk (Inuit)	610	295	310	3,860	1,835	2,030
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	2,020	985	1,030	5,730	2,680	3,045
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	820	365	450	7,540	3,615	3,930
Non-Aboriginal identity	1,017,385	505,945	511,445	12,867,765	6,292,265	6,575,500
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	1,240,700	614,440	626,255	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,925
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	127,250	61,300	65,950	170,895	81,560	89,335
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,113,450	553,140	560,305	13,071,265	6,390,680	6,680,585
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	1,240,700	614,440	626,255	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	110,630	53,980	56,645	112,875	54,840	58,035
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	108,055	52,775	55,285	111,575	54,180	57,395
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	93,070	45,490	47,580	97,430	47,130	50,305
Métis single ancestry	14,835	7,210	7,625	12,925	6,490	6,435
Inuit single ancestry	155	75	80	1,220	565	655
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	2,570	1,205	1,365	1,295	665	640
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	2,495	1,160	1,335	1,055	545	510
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	50	30	15	145	70	75
Métis and Inuit ancestries	15	10	10	65	25	40
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	10	10	0	30	20	10
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	114,605	55,480	59,120	405,425	192,320	213,100
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	107,535	52,250	55,285	395,205	187,695	207,510
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	40,265	19,440	20,820	276,920	130,810	146,110
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	66,810	32,600	34,215	113,785	54,830	58,955
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	460	210	250	4,500	2,050	2,450
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	7,070	3,235	3,835	10,215	4,620	5,590
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	6,800	3,100	3,705	9,305	4,205	5,100
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	120	65	55	595	290	305
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	130	55	80	300	125	170
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	10	0	15	0	10
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	1,015,465	504,980	510,485	12,723,865	6,225,080	6,498,785
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	1,240,700	614,440	626,260	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	216,850	108,315	108,530	3,885,585	1,878,075	2,007,505
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	42,060	22,200	19,855	1,150,415	582,010	568,400
Chinese	22,540	11,340	11,195	754,550	359,230	395,315
Black	30,335	15,790	14,550	627,715	296,270	331,445
Filipino	79,815	37,935	41,885	311,675	132,440	179,230
Latin American	9,895	4,840	5,050	195,950	93,645	102,310
Arab	5,030	2,705	2,325	210,435	109,585	100,850
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	8,565	4,155	4,410	133,855	63,255	70,605
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	2,695	1,420	1,270	154,670	77,385	77,280
Korean	4,375	2,195	2,180	88,935	42,445	46,495
Japanese	1,850	880	975	30,830	13,595	17,235
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	3,195	1,610	1,590	97,970	46,105	51,860
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	6,485	3,235	3,250	128,585	62,105	66,485
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	1,023,850	506,125	517,725	9,356,575	4,594,165	4,762,410
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	1,240,700	614,440	626,255	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
North American Aboriginal origins	225,230	109,465	115,770	518,300	247,160	271,135
First Nations (North American Indian)	142,820	69,305	73,510	385,505	183,075	202,430
Inuit	955	460	500	6,870	3,150	3,720
Métis	91,120	44,150	46,970	137,485	66,245	71,235
Other North American origins	247,670	123,075	124,600	3,220,595	1,585,255	1,635,340
Acadian	645	325	320	16,580	8,135	8,450
American	9,220	4,605	4,615	140,165	67,480	72,690
Canadian	240,835	119,610	121,225	3,109,770	1,531,645	1,578,125
New Brunswicker	10	0	10	320	190	125
Newfoundlander	215	130	90	10,850	5,520	5,325
Nova Scotian	20	15	0	1,485	685	800
Ontarian	20	20	0	2,165	1,085	1,075
Québécois	280	150	125	5,390	2,730	2,665
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	30	10	25	675	375	300
European origins	826,210	406,770	419,445	8,151,470	3,978,900	4,172,570
British Isles origins	421,515	206,840	214,675	4,900,430	2,380,595	2,519,835
Channel Islander	45	25	25	1,120	530	590
Cornish	85	45	40	755	370	385
English	245,960	119,975	125,985	2,808,805	1,357,650	1,451,160
Irish	156,145	74,290	81,850	2,095,460	991,625	1,103,835
Manx	200	100	100	2,450	1,320	1,130
Scottish	208,065	100,790	107,265	2,107,295	1,016,260	1,091,030
Welsh	17,760	8,575	9,180	198,475	94,555	103,920
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	19,610	9,260	10,355	323,185	152,525	170,660
French origins	148,810	72,060	76,750	1,350,520	643,360	707,160
Alsatian	20	15	15	1,235	495	740
Breton	120	40	75	290	175	120
Corsican	0	10	0	205	125	85
French	148,740	72,020	76,720	1,349,255	642,790	706,470
Western European origins (except French origins)	286,985	141,285	145,705	1,766,975	864,010	902,970
Austrian	12,325	6,190	6,135	72,475	35,415	37,065
Bavarian	15	10	0	450	225	230
Belgian	21,510	10,495	11,020	57,890	28,460	29,430
Dutch	55,525	27,375	28,150	527,750	259,585	268,165
Flemish	965	445	515	4,005	2,005	1,995
Frisian	140	75	55	2,705	1,400	1,305
German	220,735	108,650	112,080	1,189,670	579,315	610,355
Luxembourger	155	65	90	915	500	415
Swiss	5,475	2,660	2,810	59,835	29,395	30,440
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	140	65	75	1,095	560	530
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	80,295	38,580	41,720	266,085	127,885	138,195
Danish	7,895	3,850	4,050	53,555	26,355	27,195
Finnish	4,000	1,905	2,095	76,755	36,955	39,800
Icelandic	31,090	15,265	15,825	13,215	6,325	6,895
Norwegian	19,600	9,145	10,455	59,335	28,350	30,980
Swedish	22,470	10,530	11,945	71,035	32,705	38,325
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	2,540	1,260	1,285	12,540	6,400	6,140
Eastern European origins	287,695	141,310	146,380	1,339,610	644,610	695,000
Bulgarian	330	190	145	16,750	8,230	8,525
Byelorussian	885	430	455	11,690	5,645	6,045
Czech	4,590	2,165	2,425	42,340	20,815	21,530
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	2,155	1,120	1,040	14,810	6,820	7,990
Estonian	190	80	115	15,075	7,255	7,825
Hungarian	10,120	4,990	5,125	163,500	79,850	83,655
Latvian	1,365	655	715	18,095	8,615	9,480
Lithuanian	1,455	750	705	35,100	16,965	18,135
Moldovan	325	170	160	3,905	1,910	1,995
Polish	88,090	42,670	45,420	523,490	251,575	271,910
Romanian	5,835	2,790	3,045	98,235	46,825	51,410
Russian	58,225	28,625	29,605	220,850	103,650	117,200
Slovak	2,190	1,055	1,135	40,535	19,645	20,885
Ukrainian	180,055	88,615	91,445	376,440	181,725	194,715
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	895	415	480	10,330	4,940	5,390
Southern European origins	59,915	29,445	30,470	1,772,160	880,335	891,830
Albanian	415	220	195	25,980	13,085	12,895
Bosnian	1,030	505	520	14,680	7,255	7,425
Catalan	15	0	15	285	180	110
Croatian	2,930	1,430	1,500	82,220	41,350	40,875
Cypriot	45	25	15	4,400	2,170	2,230
Greek	4,130	2,070	2,060	148,555	74,830	73,720
Italian	23,210	11,675	11,530	931,805	467,100	464,705
Kosovar	45	20	25	1,305	655	650
Macedonian	225	120	110	39,440	19,820	19,625
Maltese	360	165	195	35,255	17,525	17,730
Montenegrin	40	10	30	2,545	1,295	1,250
Portuguese	14,540	7,215	7,320	324,930	160,970	163,960
Serbian	1,240	660	580	66,835	34,035	32,800
Sicilian	235	110	125	4,190	2,090	2,100
Slovenian	1,005	485	520	26,485	13,215	13,275
Spanish	12,625	5,680	6,945	171,145	78,880	92,265
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	1,060	540	525	20,245	9,785	10,460
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	65	40	30	965	425	540
Other European origins	10,950	5,550	5,400	105,865	53,050	52,820
Basque	100	65	35	1,585	805	780
Jewish	8,455	4,250	4,200	77,280	38,860	38,425
Roma (Gypsy)	155	70	85	2,295	1,050	1,245
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	185	100	85	2,065	1,110	955
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	2,130	1,090	1,040	23,290	11,540	11,750
Caribbean origins	10,805	5,355	5,450	462,600	213,660	248,940
Antiguan	60	20	40	3,275	1,480	1,800
Bahamian	60	35	25	2,305	1,190	1,115
Barbadian	740	390	350	26,625	12,375	14,250
Bermudan	40	30	15	2,010	925	1,085
Carib	65	30	40	2,295	855	1,440
Cuban	340	155	190	14,490	6,625	7,865
Dominican	275	145	135	9,180	4,420	4,760
Grenadian	160	85	80	14,690	6,420	8,275
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	70	20	50
Haitian	235	90	150	17,715	8,085	9,630
Jamaican	4,585	2,250	2,335	257,060	119,100	137,955
Kittitian/Nevisian	10	10	0	2,260	1,090	1,175
Martinican	0	0	0	195	65	125
Montserratan	0	0	0	620	300	325
Puerto Rican	70	25	45	1,495	755	740
St. Lucian	30	20	15	7,170	3,195	3,985
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	2,395	1,240	1,160	59,560	27,850	31,710
Vincentian/Grenadinian	190	90	105	12,155	5,250	6,905
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	1,465	705	760	56,865	25,380	31,480
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	665	360	305	16,970	7,770	9,195
Latin, Central and South American origins	23,115	11,555	11,565	322,210	153,045	169,165
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	650	330	320	10,795	5,040	5,750
Arawak	10	10	10	1,055	470	585
Argentinian	475	230	245	11,460	5,620	5,840
Belizean	200	105	100	810	395	415
Bolivian	300	160	140	1,885	935	955
Brazilian	830	375	455	18,395	8,760	9,635
Chilean	1,520	720	795	14,625	7,015	7,610
Colombian	1,400	680	715	40,820	19,345	21,480
Costa Rican	65	40	25	2,790	1,380	1,410
Ecuadorian	125	70	55	20,385	9,650	10,735
Guatemalan	505	240	260	10,040	4,870	5,170
Guyanese	1,485	770	715	73,360	34,050	39,315
Hispanic	425	210	220	5,805	2,790	3,015
Honduran	520	245	280	3,360	1,590	1,765
Maya	220	135	80	2,500	1,285	1,215
Mexican	8,790	4,440	4,350	43,120	20,735	22,380
Nicaraguan	370	200	170	7,100	3,440	3,665
Panamanian	50	10	40	2,475	1,125	1,355
Paraguayan	2,080	1,070	1,010	600	280	320
Peruvian	350	130	225	14,780	6,985	7,800
Salvadorean	2,735	1,425	1,315	27,595	13,530	14,070
Uruguayan	35	10	20	4,200	2,150	2,050
Venezuelan	240	95	150	11,750	5,320	6,430
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	1,045	525	520	14,095	6,745	7,350
African origins	28,860	14,980	13,885	414,095	203,260	210,835
Central and West African origins	8,665	4,585	4,085	85,735	42,745	42,990
Akan	35	10	25	965	540	425
Angolan	10	10	0	1,635	815	820
Ashanti	25	10	10	1,205	620	585
Beninese	55	45	0	555	280	270
Burkinabe	20	10	10	415	190	225
Cameroonian	145	80	70	4,700	2,330	2,370
Chadian	10	10	0	645	320	325
Congolese	1,575	785	790	10,425	4,960	5,460
Edo	130	85	45	1,025	545	480
Ewe	15	10	10	180	95	80
Gabonese	25	20	10	170	80	90
Gambian	10	0	10	630	305	330
Ghanaian	380	220	170	24,850	12,060	12,790
Guinean	70	20	50	1,105	550	560
Ibo	435	205	225	1,940	1,035	905
Ivorian	120	45	75	1,350	600	745
Liberian	80	20	55	770	365	405
Malian	140	85	55	490	250	240
Malinké	35	20	10	345	160	185
Nigerian	3,860	2,130	1,735	26,560	13,620	12,940
Peulh	25	15	15	135	80	55
Senegalese	115	70	40	1,000	500	495
Sierra Leonean	320	155	165	1,175	585	585
Togolese	115	60	55	670	370	300
Wolof	25	10	15	80	45	35
Yoruba	1,050	540	510	4,055	2,155	1,900
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	545	260	285	4,745	2,340	2,410
North African origins	3,690	1,980	1,705	86,665	44,970	41,695
Algerian	100	35	60	4,065	2,035	2,030
Berber	150	90	55	1,845	985	860
Coptic	85	45	40	2,305	1,185	1,120
Dinka	30	25	10	205	110	95
Egyptian	1,335	720	620	52,845	27,465	25,375
Libyan	360	175	185	3,785	2,015	1,760
Maure	100	70	30	290	160	125
Moroccan	350	190	160	12,305	6,310	6,000
Sudanese	1,075	580	500	8,975	4,600	4,375
Tunisian	130	65	60	2,295	1,210	1,085
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	75	40	35	1,755	920	830
Southern and East African origins	10,500	5,420	5,080	128,910	61,680	67,230
Afrikaner	65	40	30	560	285	275
Amhara	140	100	45	720	360	360
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	150	90	65	870	455	415
Burundian	235	110	125	3,105	1,465	1,640
Djiboutian	45	30	15	1,035	460	575
Eritrean	2,300	1,240	1,055	11,870	5,740	6,125
Ethiopian	2,900	1,505	1,395	22,560	10,755	11,800
Harari	0	0	0	475	255	215
Kenyan	335	165	170	5,860	2,780	3,080
Malagasy	25	15	10	430	200	230
Mauritian	245	125	115	3,600	1,830	1,770
Oromo	325	185	140	1,290	610	685
Rwandan	300	145	155	3,215	1,380	1,830
Seychellois	45	20	30	350	140	205
Somali	1,740	900	845	40,995	19,200	21,795
South African	730	310	420	19,760	9,790	9,970
Tanzanian	90	55	30	2,610	1,300	1,315
Tigrian	320	200	120	770	395	375
Ugandan	255	125	130	2,950	1,445	1,505
Zambian	200	95	110	805	410	395
Zimbabwean	310	150	160	3,425	1,595	1,830
Zulu	30	15	10	440	225	215
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	440	230	210	8,475	3,900	4,570
Other African origins	6,670	3,350	3,325	119,670	57,245	62,420
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	825	405	415	17,380	7,720	9,660
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	5,925	2,965	2,965	103,560	50,150	53,410
Asian origins	178,655	88,885	89,765	3,100,450	1,506,795	1,593,655
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	11,850	6,130	5,715	523,340	265,615	257,730
Afghan	1,010	485	530	54,535	27,255	27,280
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	1,755	975	785	44,705	23,345	21,360
Armenian	495	250	250	29,675	14,570	15,105
Assyrian	40	30	10	12,075	6,140	5,935
Azerbaijani	55	35	20	4,105	1,995	2,110
Georgian	110	60	45	2,815	1,415	1,395
Hazara	0	0	0	680	390	290
Iranian	1,885	1,015	870	117,065	58,995	58,065
Iraqi	925	480	450	50,460	25,420	25,035
Israeli	775	410	360	17,080	8,890	8,185
Jordanian	235	100	135	9,660	5,110	4,545
Kazakh	335	185	145	1,325	610	715
Kurd	305	145	160	9,210	4,880	4,330
Kuwaiti	40	20	25	1,510	795	715
Kyrgyz	45	30	20	340	130	210
Lebanese	1,375	700	675	86,245	43,700	42,545
Palestinian	620	340	275	28,480	15,215	13,270
Pashtun	65	25	40	3,010	1,635	1,375
Saudi Arabian	170	95	70	3,660	1,975	1,685
Syrian	1,115	535	580	31,440	15,570	15,870
Tajik	55	20	40	1,850	880	970
Tatar	310	155	155	2,135	930	1,205
Turk	655	315	340	34,165	17,340	16,825
Turkmen	10	0	0	695	345	355
Uighur	10	10	0	755	385	375
Uzbek	70	45	20	2,400	1,155	1,240
Yemeni	100	45	55	4,225	2,065	2,155
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	305	145	155	16,270	8,395	7,875
South Asian origins	43,155	22,710	20,440	1,182,845	595,480	587,370
Bangladeshi	880	500	385	29,195	14,965	14,230
Bengali	200	115	85	15,235	7,795	7,445
Bhutanese	140	55	85	1,450	710	735
East Indian	34,470	18,110	16,355	774,500	390,015	384,480
Goan	50	30	30	4,775	2,245	2,525
Gujarati	220	120	100	5,915	3,055	2,860
Kashmiri	30	10	15	1,795	900	895
Nepali	500	250	250	8,150	4,070	4,080
Pakistani	3,370	1,795	1,575	149,060	75,860	73,200
Punjabi	3,830	1,995	1,840	55,455	28,580	26,875
Sinhalese	280	145	135	5,195	2,545	2,645
Sri Lankan	1,090	545	545	124,270	60,685	63,585
Tamil	245	145	105	42,760	21,705	21,050
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	725	415	305	58,705	29,705	29,005
East and Southeast Asian origins	124,100	60,175	63,925	1,422,890	659,650	763,245
Burmese	260	125	135	4,420	2,105	2,315
Cambodian (Khmer)	525	280	240	14,655	6,810	7,845
Chinese	30,150	14,980	15,170	849,345	403,280	446,065
Filipino	83,530	39,955	43,580	337,760	144,830	192,930
Hmong	0	0	0	650	340	305
Indonesian	530	265	265	9,325	4,305	5,025
Japanese	2,675	1,305	1,365	41,620	18,530	23,090
Karen	455	195	255	1,645	830	815
Korean	4,545	2,300	2,240	93,420	44,585	48,835
Laotian	1,730	820	910	9,875	4,865	5,015
Malaysian	470	240	230	7,310	3,370	3,935
Mongolian	150	60	90	2,940	1,390	1,545
Singaporean	20	10	10	1,260	565	700
Taiwanese	150	90	60	10,060	4,595	5,465
Thai	750	335	420	6,865	2,725	4,135
Tibetan	15	10	10	6,365	3,175	3,185
Vietnamese	5,850	2,915	2,935	107,640	51,350	56,290
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	145	70	80	4,375	2,165	2,210
Other Asian origins	575	320	260	13,430	6,575	6,855
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	575	320	260	13,430	6,575	6,855
Oceania origins	1,525	740	785	20,680	10,435	10,240
Australian	910	415	495	13,315	6,780	6,530
New Zealander	315	170	140	4,250	2,255	2,000
Pacific Islands origins	345	180	165	3,490	1,625	1,860
Fijian	80	45	30	1,610	665	945
Hawaiian	60	30	30	470	235	240
Maori	55	30	25	485	255	230
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	95	45	45	275	115	165
Samoan	25	0	15	225	140	85
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	65	30	35	555	265	290
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	489,050	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Owner	336,170	...	...	3,601,825	...	...
Renter	140,260	...	...	1,559,720	...	...
Band housing	12,620	...	...	7,635	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	489,050	...	...	5,169,170	...	...
Condominium	33,325	...	...	680,495	...	...
Not condominium	455,725	...	...	4,488,680	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	489,050	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
No bedrooms	3,745	...	...	33,950	...	...
1 bedroom	63,040	...	...	699,980	...	...
2 bedrooms	121,520	...	...	1,122,145	...	...
3 bedrooms	175,500	...	...	1,876,905	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	125,240	...	...	1,436,185	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	489,050	...	...	5,169,170	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	132,410	...	...	1,369,660	...	...
5 rooms	82,935	...	...	718,020	...	...
6 rooms	78,750	...	...	770,730	...	...
7 rooms	64,560	...	...	713,595	...	...
8 or more rooms	130,400	...	...	1,597,165	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.1	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	489,050	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
One person or fewer per room	473,625	...	...	5,046,810	...	...
More than 1 person per room	15,420	...	...	122,360	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	489,050	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Suitable	456,365	...	...	4,858,170	...	...
Not suitable	32,680	...	...	311,005	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	489,050	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
1960 or before	142,200	...	...	1,293,135	...	...
1961 to 1980	158,180	...	...	1,449,585	...	...
1981 to 1990	65,190	...	...	709,135	...	...
1991 to 2000	42,740	...	...	622,565	...	...
2001 to 2005	20,815	...	...	396,130	...	...
2006 to 2010	27,880	...	...	368,235	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	32,035	...	...	330,390	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	489,050	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	444,995	...	...	4,851,335	...	...
Major repairs needed	44,055	...	...	317,840	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	489,050	...	...	5,169,170	...	...
1 household maintainer	290,830	...	...	2,962,065	...	...
2 household maintainers	187,775	...	...	2,059,710	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	10,445	...	...	147,400	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	489,050	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
15 to 24 years	17,240	...	...	135,835	...	...
25 to 34 years	74,950	...	...	681,685	...	...
35 to 44 years	84,800	...	...	880,070	...	...
45 to 54 years	95,135	...	...	1,113,885	...	...
55 to 64 years	96,255	...	...	1,047,185	...	...
65 to 74 years	67,475	...	...	738,445	...	...
75 to 84 years	37,760	...	...	414,210	...	...
85 years and over	15,440	...	...	157,860	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	461,870	...	...	5,106,290	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	373,860	...	...	3,694,385	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	88,010	...	...	1,411,900	...	...
30% to less than 100%	76,075	...	...	1,208,010	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	324,120	...	...	3,557,485	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	60.4	...	...	61.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	11.4	...	...	19.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	973	...	...	1,299	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,085	...	...	1,463	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	275,473	...	...	400,496	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	297,444	...	...	506,409	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	138,905	...	...	1,554,940	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	19.4	...	...	15.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	36.9	...	...	45.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	868	...	...	1,045	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	891	...	...	1,109	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	1,001,305	491,580	509,725	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685
No certificate, diploma or degree	220,390	116,570	103,820	1,935,355	961,690	973,670
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	296,355	147,040	149,320	3,026,100	1,485,320	1,540,770
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	484,555	227,975	256,585	6,076,985	2,895,745	3,181,235
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	77,000	54,090	22,910	664,180	471,055	193,120
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	37,490	21,985	15,500	324,370	199,510	124,855
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	39,515	32,110	7,410	339,810	271,545	68,260
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	177,620	72,785	104,840	2,298,715	981,785	1,316,930
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	28,940	12,075	16,860	242,005	107,065	134,945
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	200,990	89,020	111,970	2,872,085	1,335,845	1,536,250
Bachelor's degree	143,780	61,350	82,430	1,911,530	854,135	1,057,395
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	16,040	6,675	9,365	189,370	83,670	105,695
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	6,105	3,515	2,595	79,760	42,295	37,460
Master's degree	29,305	13,830	15,470	593,645	294,180	299,470
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	5,765	3,645	2,115	97,790	61,560	36,230
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	654,670	323,300	331,370	7,229,120	3,498,620	3,730,495
No certificate, diploma or degree	94,310	54,700	39,610	752,995	404,770	348,225
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	182,335	93,000	89,330	1,768,955	895,020	873,935
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	378,030	175,595	202,435	4,707,165	2,198,830	2,508,335
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	53,800	38,185	15,620	446,390	315,975	130,420
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	25,955	15,460	10,490	218,980	134,685	84,295
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	27,850	22,725	5,125	227,410	181,290	46,120
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	137,930	57,445	80,485	1,782,530	762,505	1,020,030
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	21,215	8,995	12,220	170,925	75,935	94,995
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	165,085	70,970	94,115	2,307,320	1,044,420	1,262,895
Bachelor's degree	119,150	50,120	69,035	1,519,850	668,450	851,400
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	12,185	4,840	7,350	148,960	62,370	86,590
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	5,075	2,705	2,370	63,790	30,895	32,895
Master's degree	24,410	10,815	13,595	500,415	239,160	261,255
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	4,270	2,495	1,770	74,310	43,545	30,765
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	1,001,305	491,585	509,725	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	516,750	263,605	253,140	4,961,455	2,447,010	2,514,445
Education	44,855	11,705	33,145	349,745	79,245	270,505
13. Education	44,855	11,710	33,145	349,750	79,245	270,505
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	13,170	6,230	6,940	246,075	109,955	136,120
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	2,415	1,860	550	38,745	28,735	10,010
50. Visual and performing arts	10,755	4,365	6,390	207,325	81,220	126,110
Humanities	23,030	9,915	13,110	359,560	133,350	226,210
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	1,775	400	1,380	37,900	8,170	29,730
23. English language and literature/letters	3,905	1,110	2,795	98,440	28,290	70,145
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	7,065	2,820	4,240	95,345	32,940	62,410
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	60	25	30	2,165	805	1,365
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,590	940	650	24,255	13,425	10,830
39. Theology and religious vocations	4,510	2,590	1,925	28,175	17,120	11,055
54. History	3,410	1,855	1,555	57,295	30,015	27,280
55. French language and literature/letters	705	175	530	15,990	2,590	13,400
Social and behavioural sciences and law	46,555	15,805	30,750	810,410	269,735	540,670
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	880	220	660	10,765	2,210	8,560
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	3,115	1,225	1,890	81,500	31,825	49,675
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	10,760	795	9,965	141,750	11,775	129,975
22. Legal professions and studies	7,130	2,365	4,760	128,860	45,275	83,590
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	955	305	650	16,210	3,400	12,815
42. Psychology	8,155	2,385	5,770	122,545	29,640	92,905
45. Social sciences	15,565	8,510	7,055	308,775	145,620	163,155
Business, management and public administration	95,115	34,865	60,255	1,279,665	527,085	752,580
30.16 Accounting and computer science	320	105	210	2,725	895	1,830
44. Public administration and social service professions	7,670	1,875	5,790	108,935	21,405	87,530
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	87,125	32,875	54,250	1,168,005	504,780	663,225
Physical and life sciences and technologies	16,120	8,165	7,950	253,905	124,050	129,850
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	6,625	2,990	3,640	110,950	45,120	65,835
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	4,325	2,285	2,040	54,745	24,800	29,945
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	470	70	395	3,830	1,190	2,640
40. Physical sciences	3,685	2,585	1,095	72,355	48,145	24,205
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,020	240	780	12,025	4,795	7,235
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	18,425	11,380	7,050	290,045	185,310	104,730
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	15,225	10,050	5,175	220,550	150,765	69,790
25. Library science	1,140	175	965	15,220	2,450	12,770
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,945	1,080	865	49,025	28,515	20,515
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	120	75	40	5,235	3,580	1,655
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	96,625	89,275	7,350	1,173,030	1,055,050	117,985
04. Architecture and related services	2,420	1,380	1,040	51,845	34,590	17,265
14. Engineering	16,205	13,530	2,675	334,085	271,010	63,070
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	17,815	15,975	1,845	237,775	214,500	23,275
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	160	30	125
46. Construction trades	22,160	21,705	450	198,790	194,555	4,235
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	27,485	26,650	830	225,860	220,545	5,315
48. Precision production	10,530	10,030	505	124,515	119,820	4,695
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	14,540	10,260	4,275	106,895	67,015	39,880
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	11,380	8,280	3,100	66,035	41,790	24,240
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,160	1,980	1,180	40,860	25,230	15,635
Health and related fields	87,795	16,505	71,290	865,970	173,780	692,185
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	4,105	1,945	2,155	75,715	37,005	38,705
51. Health professions and related programs	81,865	13,450	68,415	767,680	124,280	643,400
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,825	1,110	715	22,575	12,490	10,075
Personal, protective and transportation services	28,275	13,845	14,435	340,285	170,915	169,375
12. Personal and culinary services	16,750	4,095	12,655	183,925	49,390	134,535
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	90	85	10	2,135	1,815	320
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	240	230	10	2,610	2,385	225
43. Security and protective services	5,005	3,680	1,330	98,325	68,625	29,695
49. Transportation and materials moving	6,185	5,750	435	53,290	48,695	4,595
Other	60	30	35	1,405	260	1,145
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	60	25	35	1,405	255	1,145
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	654,670	323,300	331,375	7,229,120	3,498,625	3,730,500
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	276,645	147,710	128,935	2,521,950	1,299,790	1,222,160
Education	31,645	7,860	23,785	243,635	52,670	190,965
13. Education	31,650	7,865	23,785	243,635	52,670	190,965
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	10,350	4,875	5,475	192,630	85,175	107,450
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,815	1,335	480	28,705	21,070	7,635
50. Visual and performing arts	8,540	3,545	4,990	163,925	64,105	99,815
Humanities	17,250	7,370	9,880	266,665	95,805	170,855
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	1,485	330	1,155	29,210	5,775	23,435
23. English language and literature/letters	2,930	810	2,120	73,110	20,225	52,885
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	5,420	2,245	3,180	72,145	24,330	47,815
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	55	30	30	1,665	615	1,045
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,230	715	515	17,755	9,925	7,830
39. Theology and religious vocations	3,255	1,835	1,420	19,390	11,790	7,605
54. History	2,365	1,275	1,090	42,315	21,735	20,585
55. French language and literature/letters	505	135	370	11,075	1,415	9,655
Social and behavioural sciences and law	38,120	12,380	25,740	648,285	207,200	441,085
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	740	185	555	8,630	1,785	6,845
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,575	965	1,610	67,115	26,015	41,105
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	8,805	605	8,195	111,550	8,405	103,145
22. Legal professions and studies	6,085	1,795	4,285	108,895	34,250	74,650
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	815	265	550	12,875	2,705	10,170
42. Psychology	6,370	1,720	4,645	93,770	21,045	72,725
45. Social sciences	12,730	6,835	5,895	245,445	113,000	132,445
Business, management and public administration	76,370	27,865	48,495	1,026,975	414,425	612,550
30.16 Accounting and computer science	270	95	175	2,225	715	1,510
44. Public administration and social service professions	6,145	1,335	4,810	88,130	16,590	71,540
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	69,950	26,440	43,510	936,620	397,120	539,500
Physical and life sciences and technologies	12,195	5,930	6,270	190,235	88,535	101,700
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	5,290	2,265	3,025	84,580	33,150	51,425
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	3,005	1,595	1,405	41,255	18,020	23,240
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	405	65	345	3,135	975	2,165
40. Physical sciences	2,805	1,855	950	52,490	33,175	19,310
41. Science technologies/technicians	690	150	545	8,775	3,215	5,555
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	15,955	9,965	5,985	252,275	162,360	89,915
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	13,600	9,015	4,585	198,775	136,120	62,655
25. Library science	790	135	650	10,755	1,765	8,995
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,465	760	700	38,160	21,440	16,720
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	100	60	45	4,580	3,030	1,550
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	73,680	67,440	6,240	878,300	779,075	99,225
04. Architecture and related services	2,025	1,160	865	42,115	27,365	14,745
14. Engineering	13,705	11,305	2,405	266,040	211,240	54,800
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	13,840	12,265	1,575	178,830	160,160	18,675
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	140	25	115
46. Construction trades	16,060	15,690	365	141,515	138,160	3,360
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	20,395	19,765	625	162,855	158,770	4,080
48. Precision production	7,655	7,250	405	86,805	83,355	3,450
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	11,450	7,800	3,645	82,775	49,710	33,065
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	8,760	6,170	2,590	50,160	30,065	20,095
03. Natural resources and conservation	2,695	1,635	1,060	32,615	19,650	12,965
Health and related fields	69,600	13,415	56,185	664,880	133,665	531,220
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	3,310	1,585	1,715	58,160	27,950	30,205
51. Health professions and related programs	64,870	11,020	53,850	589,085	96,720	492,365
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,430	810	620	17,640	8,990	8,645
Personal, protective and transportation services	21,365	10,660	10,705	259,400	129,985	129,415
12. Personal and culinary services	12,255	2,980	9,275	137,250	36,225	101,030
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	90	85	10	1,685	1,405	280
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	110	105	0	1,415	1,270	145
43. Security and protective services	4,025	2,945	1,080	77,190	52,840	24,345
49. Transportation and materials moving	4,885	4,545	340	41,855	38,245	3,610
Other	50	30	25	1,125	220	900
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	50	25	25	1,125	225	900
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	1,001,305	491,585	509,725	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	516,750	263,610	253,145	4,961,460	2,447,010	2,514,445
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	484,555	227,975	256,585	6,076,985	2,895,745	3,181,240
Location of study inside Canada	403,775	188,230	215,540	4,786,950	2,261,260	2,525,690
Same as province or territory of residence	352,390	162,050	190,340	4,414,485	2,081,525	2,332,960
Different than province or territory of residence	51,385	26,185	25,200	372,470	179,735	192,730
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	80,785	39,745	41,040	1,290,035	634,485	655,545
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	9,155	4,910	4,245	167,260	89,350	77,910
Philippines	26,450	11,595	14,860	115,410	39,750	75,655
India	10,365	5,300	5,070	169,340	85,500	83,840
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	4,180	2,350	1,825	115,690	66,215	49,470
China^{Census data footnote 162}	2,865	1,330	1,535	98,415	46,230	52,185
France	395	235	165	10,775	5,800	4,975
Other	27,375	14,030	13,345	613,145	301,635	311,510
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	654,670	323,300	331,375	7,229,120	3,498,620	3,730,500
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	276,640	147,705	128,935	2,521,955	1,299,795	1,222,160
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	378,035	175,595	202,440	4,707,170	2,198,830	2,508,335
Location of study inside Canada	309,655	142,710	166,950	3,713,145	1,728,610	1,984,540
Same as province or territory of residence	270,435	123,090	147,340	3,432,015	1,593,170	1,838,850
Different than province or territory of residence	39,225	19,615	19,610	281,130	135,440	145,690
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	68,375	32,885	35,485	994,025	470,225	523,800
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	6,215	3,005	3,210	127,005	65,045	61,960
Philippines	24,495	10,775	13,720	97,230	32,925	64,300
India	9,430	4,770	4,660	143,205	70,040	73,175
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	2,465	1,385	1,080	62,325	34,315	28,010
China^{Census data footnote 162}	2,630	1,210	1,420	82,020	37,900	44,125
France	340	195	145	8,705	4,630	4,070
Other	22,805	11,555	11,255	473,530	225,365	248,160
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	1,001,305	491,580	509,725	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,680
In the labour force	662,155	347,685	314,465	7,141,675	3,689,625	3,452,055
Employed	617,465	322,130	295,335	6,612,150	3,414,255	3,197,895
Unemployed	44,690	25,560	19,130	529,525	275,370	254,160
Not in the labour force	339,155	143,895	195,260	3,896,765	1,653,130	2,243,630
Participation rate	66.1	70.7	61.7	64.7	69.1	60.6
Employment rate	61.7	65.5	57.9	59.9	63.9	56.1
Unemployment rate	6.7	7.4	6.1	7.4	7.5	7.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	1,001,310	491,585	509,725	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	312,495	131,600	180,900	3,696,235	1,561,475	2,134,755
Worked	688,810	359,980	328,830	7,342,205	3,781,280	3,560,925
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	358,800	206,460	152,330	3,837,565	2,148,635	1,688,935
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	330,010	153,520	176,495	3,504,645	1,632,645	1,871,995
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.9	43.5	42.3	42.9	43.4	42.3
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	662,155	347,685	314,465	7,141,675	3,689,625	3,452,055
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	12,625	6,125	6,505	171,050	81,735	89,315
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	649,530	341,560	307,965	6,970,625	3,607,890	3,362,735
Employee	580,885	296,560	284,325	6,146,035	3,084,740	3,061,295
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	68,645	45,000	23,640	824,595	523,145	301,445
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	662,155	347,690	314,470	7,141,675	3,689,625	3,452,050
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	12,625	6,125	6,505	171,045	81,735	89,315
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	649,525	341,565	307,965	6,970,625	3,607,890	3,362,735
0 Management occupations	71,455	45,945	25,510	790,880	483,240	307,635
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	96,050	27,530	68,515	1,124,770	357,215	767,555
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	34,135	26,895	7,240	516,110	399,195	116,915
3 Health occupations	52,280	10,830	41,450	447,045	90,495	356,550
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	86,055	27,425	58,630	831,340	265,075	566,265
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	14,355	6,025	8,325	225,720	104,445	121,275
6 Sales and service occupations	144,490	62,735	81,760	1,632,085	709,375	922,710
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	102,660	97,500	5,160	927,820	866,870	60,950
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	18,400	14,490	3,910	113,405	88,150	25,260
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	29,650	22,180	7,475	361,455	243,835	117,620
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	662,155	347,685	314,465	7,141,675	3,689,625	3,452,050
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	12,625	6,120	6,500	171,050	81,730	89,315
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	649,525	341,560	307,965	6,970,625	3,607,890	3,362,735
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	28,680	20,765	7,920	102,070	67,005	35,070
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	5,460	4,830	635	32,340	27,920	4,415
22 Utilities	7,390	5,625	1,765	50,820	38,195	12,630
23 Construction	49,575	43,990	5,585	476,835	419,600	57,230
31-33 Manufacturing	54,645	40,800	13,845	683,335	482,800	200,530
41 Wholesale trade	21,890	16,040	5,850	270,745	178,945	91,800
44-45 Retail trade	69,700	33,960	35,740	783,540	367,175	416,365
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	35,490	28,350	7,145	329,240	242,045	87,190
51 Information and cultural industries	10,875	6,085	4,790	176,715	101,045	75,670
52 Finance and insurance	25,885	9,615	16,270	380,765	169,590	211,180
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	8,235	4,565	3,670	144,275	77,385	66,890
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	28,470	14,790	13,680	567,825	316,685	251,140
55 Management of companies and enterprises	635	250	380	12,365	5,290	7,075
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	22,285	13,105	9,170	338,640	190,210	148,430
61 Educational services	55,025	17,480	37,540	528,470	163,680	364,795
62 Health care and social assistance	93,960	18,345	75,615	754,555	134,270	620,275
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	12,980	6,620	6,360	147,425	75,330	72,095
72 Accommodation and food services	43,655	17,430	26,230	478,070	201,260	276,805
81 Other services (except public administration)	28,055	13,740	14,315	296,960	133,220	163,745
91 Public administration	46,645	25,180	21,465	415,635	216,250	199,385
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	617,465	322,125	295,335	6,612,150	3,414,255	3,197,900
Worked at home	42,530	23,485	19,050	480,290	242,495	237,795
Worked outside Canada	1,935	1,305	630	39,145	25,995	13,150
No fixed workplace address	68,420	52,715	15,710	736,715	536,140	200,570
Worked at usual place	504,580	244,620	259,960	5,355,995	2,609,620	2,746,375
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	504,580	244,620	259,960	5,356,000	2,609,625	2,746,375
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	384,465	181,650	202,820	3,109,070	1,418,260	1,690,810
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	50,350	23,760	26,580	857,565	419,960	437,605
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	66,495	37,055	29,435	1,350,375	749,770	600,605
Commute to a different province or territory	3,275	2,150	1,120	38,990	21,630	17,355
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	573,005	297,335	275,665	6,092,710	3,145,765	2,946,945
Car, truck, van - as a driver	431,755	237,860	193,895	4,375,215	2,392,270	1,982,945
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	40,595	14,520	26,070	372,480	151,880	220,600
Public transit	53,740	21,780	31,955	888,920	376,690	512,235
Walked	32,330	13,815	18,520	320,015	143,885	176,130
Bicycle	8,175	5,670	2,505	75,460	50,200	25,260
Other method	6,410	3,695	2,715	60,620	30,835	29,785
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	573,000	297,340	275,665	6,092,715	3,145,765	2,946,950
Less than 15 minutes	185,120	87,795	97,320	1,463,845	675,540	788,310
15 to 29 minutes	208,570	108,680	99,890	1,964,690	991,525	973,165
30 to 44 minutes	115,090	63,555	51,535	1,295,375	706,155	589,225
45 to 59 minutes	36,755	20,485	16,270	612,415	336,090	276,325
60 minutes and over	27,470	16,820	10,650	756,385	436,455	319,930
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	573,000	297,335	275,665	6,092,715	3,145,765	2,946,950
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	28,060	20,145	7,915	413,515	296,265	117,245
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	104,545	65,630	38,925	1,039,255	640,810	398,445
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	168,760	90,125	78,630	1,571,230	778,100	793,130
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	126,090	50,885	75,200	1,354,870	577,565	777,310
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	53,120	22,305	30,810	740,330	328,410	411,920
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	92,430	48,240	44,190	973,515	524,620	448,895
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	710,830	370,255	340,575	7,579,085	3,895,880	3,683,200
Single responses	702,445	366,000	336,445	7,434,675	3,828,665	3,606,015
Official languages	694,855	361,770	333,090	7,319,360	3,767,405	3,551,955
English	688,400	359,660	328,730	7,225,210	3,732,550	3,492,655
French	6,455	2,100	4,355	94,145	34,850	59,295
Non-official languages	7,590	4,235	3,360	115,320	61,255	54,060
Aboriginal languages	1,815	1,025	800	1,485	765	715
Algonquian languages	1,755	990	755	1,420	745	675
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	985	565	420	370	220	150
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	10
Cree, n.o.s.	980	565	415	360	215	145
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	770	430	335	1,050	525	525
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	230	125	110	495	235	265
Oji-Cree	535	310	230	545	290	260
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	55	25	30	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	60	25	30	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	55	30	30	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	25	0	20
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	25	10	20
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	25	10	20
Cayuga	0	0	0	10	0	10
Mohawk	0	0	0	20	10	10
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	10	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	10	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	5,770	3,215	2,560	113,835	60,490	53,340
Afro-Asiatic languages	300	155	145	3,305	1,995	1,310
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	30	10	20	125	45	80
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	15	10	10
Somali	30	10	20	110	35	70
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	270	145	125	3,175	1,955	1,225
Amharic	15	0	10	75	30	45
Arabic	105	70	40	2,430	1,605	825
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	145	110	40
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	35	20	15
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	115	50	65	395	140	260
Maltese	0	0	0	20	15	10
Tigrigna	35	25	10	60	30	25
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	140	35	100	2,575	1,065	1,510
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	95	50	50
Vietnamese	140	35	100	2,480	1,015	1,465
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	485	245	240	1,280	495	790
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	0	0	25	10	15
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	10	10	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	40	20	20
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	10	10	0	55	20	30
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	470	235	240	1,145	435	705
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Creole languages	10	0	10	60	35	30
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	15	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	50	25	20
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	1,980	945	1,035
Kannada	0	0	0	10	0	10
Malayalam	10	0	0	75	45	30
Tamil	0	0	0	1,870	900	975
Telugu	0	0	0	35	10	20
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	3,115	1,865	1,255	38,960	21,375	17,580
Albanian	0	0	0	275	170	105
Armenian	10	0	0	145	75	75
Balto-Slavic languages	480	245	235	6,655	3,165	3,495
Baltic languages	0	0	0	70	25	40
Latvian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Lithuanian	0	0	0	45	20	25
Slavic languages	480	245	235	6,595	3,135	3,455
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	15	10	10	100	55	40
Bulgarian	0	0	0	120	85	40
Croatian	0	0	0	155	100	50
Czech	0	0	0	25	20	10
Macedonian	0	0	0	85	35	45
Polish	65	50	20	1,925	960	960
Russian	280	145	135	2,905	1,240	1,670
Serbian	0	0	0	390	240	145
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Slovak	0	0	0	55	40	20
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	15	0	10
Ukrainian	110	40	70	780	320	460
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	10	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Germanic languages	1,300	790	505	6,905	3,655	3,250
Afrikaans	10	10	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	30	15	20
Dutch	40	10	30	790	425	365
Frisian	0	0	0	25	20	10
German	950	585	370	5,690	3,005	2,690
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	10	0
Norwegian	10	0	10	30	10	20
Swedish	0	10	0	55	15	35
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	10	0	10	10	10
Yiddish	0	0	0	20	0	20
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	290	185	105	240	155	80
Greek	0	0	0	405	240	165
Indo-Iranian languages	755	505	260	11,880	6,560	5,315
Indo-Aryan languages	685	455	225	9,205	4,900	4,310
Bengali	20	0	15	335	160	170
Gujarati	10	10	10	730	255	475
Hindi	40	40	0	800	380	415
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	30	10	20
Nepali	10	0	0	80	30	50
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	605	400	210	6,025	3,480	2,550
Sindhi	0	0	0	20	10	15
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	30	15	10
Urdu	10	0	10	1,150	555	600
Iranian languages	75	45	30	2,660	1,655	1,005
Kurdish	10	10	10	105	95	15
Pashto	0	0	0	20	10	15
Persian (Farsi)	65	45	20	2,530	1,555	975
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Italic (Romance) languages	580	330	245	12,680	7,505	5,170
Catalan	0	0	0	10	0	10
Italian	20	10	10	945	505	445
Portuguese	330	215	115	5,815	3,865	1,950
Romanian	10	10	0	300	140	160
Spanish	220	100	125	5,590	2,985	2,605
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10
Japanese	10	0	0	1,010	360	655
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	15	0	10
Georgian	0	0	0	15	0	10
Korean	305	150	150	4,945	2,505	2,445
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	15	15	0	120	55	65
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	20	0	20
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	10	0
Ganda	0	0	0	25	15	15
Igbo	0	0	0	10	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	10	0	15	0	10
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	10	0	20	10	0
Wolof	0	0	0	10	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	10	0	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	20	20	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	210	80	135	810	295	515
American Sign Language	155	65	95	575	170	410
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	10	0	10
Sign languages, n.i.e	55	15	45	225	130	100
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,170	650	515	57,620	30,735	26,890
Chinese languages	1,160	650	515	57,535	30,690	26,840
Cantonese	690	380	315	26,955	14,190	12,770
Hakka	0	0	0	30	10	25
Mandarin	440	255	185	29,090	15,730	13,360
Min Dong	0	0	0	30	15	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	0	250	155	90
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	35	20	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	25	10	10	1,145	565	580
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	10	10	90	50	45
Burmese	0	0	0	10	10	10
Karenic languages	0	0	0	30	10	20
Tibetan	0	0	0	45	30	15
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	0	10	235	95	145
Lao	10	0	10	80	40	35
Thai	0	0	0	160	55	105
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	465	315	150
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	15	15	0
Turkish	0	0	0	440	295	140
Uyghur	0	0	0	10	10	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	10	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	420	205	220
Estonian	0	0	0	45	10	35
Finnish	0	0	0	75	25	50
Hungarian	0	0	0	295	165	130
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Multiple responses	8,390	4,255	4,125	144,405	67,215	77,185
English and French	2,655	1,150	1,505	63,665	26,760	36,900
English and non-official language	5,680	3,085	2,590	78,240	39,330	38,910
French and non-official language	10	0	0	175	75	100
English, French and non-official language	45	20	30	2,325	1,055	1,270
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	710,835	370,255	340,575	7,579,080	3,895,880	3,683,200
None	662,595	346,710	315,885	6,975,415	3,605,485	3,369,930
English	8,550	3,690	4,855	109,150	48,930	60,220
French	13,320	5,825	7,495	260,050	118,655	141,395
Non-official language	25,960	13,815	12,145	226,490	119,130	107,360
Aboriginal	6,500	3,245	3,255	5,970	2,480	3,490
Non-Aboriginal	19,460	10,575	8,890	220,520	116,650	103,870
English and French	10	0	10	245	100	150
English and non-official language	65	45	20	1,620	780	845
French and non-official language	335	160	175	6,080	2,780	3,300
English, French and non-official language	10	0	0	35	25	10
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	1,225,480	606,585	618,895	13,106,990	6,403,470	6,703,520
Non-movers	1,064,380	527,020	537,360	11,475,985	5,603,290	5,872,695
Movers	161,100	79,570	81,535	1,631,005	800,180	830,820
Non-migrants	105,090	52,025	53,065	941,380	460,170	481,210
Migrants	56,010	27,545	28,465	689,625	340,015	349,610
Internal migrants	41,305	20,285	21,020	535,180	263,055	272,120
Intraprovincial migrants	30,395	14,720	15,675	467,890	229,080	238,810
Interprovincial migrants	10,915	5,565	5,345	67,290	33,980	33,315
External migrants	14,705	7,260	7,445	154,445	76,955	77,490
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	1,161,240	573,310	587,930	12,546,040	6,116,715	6,429,325
Non-movers	718,640	355,585	363,050	7,887,825	3,845,945	4,041,880
Movers	442,600	217,725	224,875	4,658,215	2,270,770	2,387,445
Non-migrants	261,015	128,560	132,455	2,545,875	1,238,055	1,307,820
Migrants	181,585	89,165	92,420	2,112,340	1,032,710	1,079,630
Internal migrants	117,135	56,880	60,260	1,562,375	761,630	800,740
Intraprovincial migrants	86,295	41,295	45,000	1,380,900	672,540	708,360
Interprovincial migrants	30,840	15,580	15,260	181,480	89,090	92,390
External migrants	64,445	32,285	32,165	549,965	271,080	278,885

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Return to footnote 43 referrer

Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 45 referrer

Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Return to footnote 46 referrer

Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Return to footnote 47 referrer

Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 53 referrer

Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 179 referrer

Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 181 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Manitoba [Province] and Ontario [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 4, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Manitoba [Province] and Ontario [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Manitoba [Province] and Ontario [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Manitoba [Province] and Ontario [Province]