Census Profile, 2016 Census
Alma [Population centre], Quebec and Yukon [Territory]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Alma Quebec [Population centre]			Yukon [Territory]
	Data quality , Alma [Population centre], Quebec Map : Alma [Population centre], Quebec Change geography 1			Data quality : Yukon [Territory] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	21,406	...	...	35,874	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	19,965 ^r	...	...	33,897	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	7.2	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	10,142	...	...	17,987	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	9,750	...	...	15,215	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,455.5	...	...	0.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	14.71	...	...	474,712.68	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	21,410	10,445	10,965	35,875	18,075	17,795
0 to 14 years	3,220	1,635	1,585	6,280	3,355	2,920
0 to 4 years	980	510	470	2,135	1,155	985
5 to 9 years	1,155	590	570	2,120	1,130	995
10 to 14 years	1,080	540	545	2,020	1,075	945
15 to 64 years	13,350	6,735	6,620	25,340	12,500	12,835
15 to 19 years	1,125	585	540	1,935	1,000	930
20 to 24 years	1,160	580	585	1,965	1,035	930
25 to 29 years	1,065	540	520	2,550	1,245	1,310
30 to 34 years	1,145	615	525	2,890	1,395	1,495
35 to 39 years	1,220	605	610	2,590	1,235	1,355
40 to 44 years	1,095	560	535	2,540	1,170	1,370
45 to 49 years	1,120	570	550	2,465	1,210	1,245
50 to 54 years	1,745	855	895	2,880	1,390	1,495
55 to 59 years	1,985	990	995	2,995	1,505	1,490
60 to 64 years	1,700	830	875	2,530	1,315	1,220
65 years and over	4,840	2,075	2,770	4,260	2,220	2,040
65 to 69 years	1,335	630	705	1,845	980	870
70 to 74 years	1,150	500	650	1,090	605	485
75 to 79 years	895	365	530	645	350	295
80 to 84 years	730	285	445	375	160	215
85 years and over	730	290	440	300	125	175
85 to 89 years	530	210	315	195	90	105
90 to 94 years	175	70	105	80	30	50
95 to 99 years	20	10	15	20	5	20
100 years and over	5	5	0	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.0	15.7	14.5	17.5	18.6	16.4
15 to 64 years	62.4	64.5	60.4	70.6	69.2	72.1
65 years and over	22.6	19.9	25.3	11.9	12.3	11.5
85 years and over	3.4	2.8	4.0	0.8	0.7	1.0
Average age of the population	44.9	43.5	46.3	39.1	38.8	39.4
Median age of the population	48.1	45.7	50.3	39.5	39.0	39.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	9,750	...	...	15,215	...	...
Single-detached house	4,160	...	...	9,430	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	25	...	...	50	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	5,565	...	...	4,550	...	...
Semi-detached house	755	...	...	1,160	...	...
Row house	215	...	...	950	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,475	...	...	605	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,990	...	...	1,770	...	...
Other single-attached house	125	...	...	65	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	5	...	...	1,185	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	9,750	...	...	15,215	...	...
1 person	3,565	...	...	4,900	...	...
2 persons	3,605	...	...	5,180	...	...
3 persons	1,175	...	...	2,255	...	...
4 persons	945	...	...	1,860	...	...
5 or more persons	460	...	...	1,025	...	...
Number of persons in private households	20,535	...	...	35,110	...	...
Average household size	2.1	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	18,190	8,810	9,380	29,595	14,725	14,870
Married or living common law	10,135	5,060	5,075	16,445	8,210	8,235
Married	5,855	2,935	2,925	11,345	5,680	5,670
Living common law	4,280	2,125	2,155	5,095	2,530	2,570
Not married and not living common law	8,055	3,745	4,305	13,150	6,515	6,635
Never married	4,900	2,750	2,155	9,150	4,905	4,245
Separated	255	120	135	845	370	470
Divorced	1,480	575	910	2,105	975	1,130
Widowed	1,415	305	1,110	1,060	265	795
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	5,950	...	...	9,845	...	...
2 persons	3,515	...	...	5,330	...	...
3 persons	1,110	...	...	2,060	...	...
4 persons	910	...	...	1,745	...	...
5 or more persons	410	...	...	710	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	5,950	...	...	9,845	...	...
Total couple families	4,935	...	...	7,970	...	...
Married couples	2,800	...	...	5,425	...	...
Common-law couples	2,140	...	...	2,545	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	1,015	...	...	1,875	...	...
Female parent	765	...	...	1,390	...	...
Male parent	250	...	...	480	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	4,940	...	...	7,970	...	...
Couples without children	2,900	...	...	4,130	...	...
Couples with children	2,035	...	...	3,840	...	...
1 child	805	...	...	1,575	...	...
2 children	840	...	...	1,600	...	...
3 or more children	395	...	...	660	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	1,015	...	...	1,875	...	...
1 child	615	...	...	1,195	...	...
2 children	305	...	...	485	...	...
3 or more children	90	...	...	195	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	4,355	2,145	2,210	7,505	3,895	3,610
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	9,750	...	...	15,215	...	...
One-census-family households	5,905	...	...	9,345	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	2,875	...	...	3,915	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	3,025	...	...	5,430	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	25	...	...	245	...	...
Non-census-family households	3,825	...	...	5,620	...	...
One-person households	3,570	...	...	4,900	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	255	...	...	720	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	21,040	10,280	10,760	35,555	17,895	17,660
English only	10	5	0	30,430	15,530	14,895
French only	17,085	7,915	9,165	85	40	45
English and French	3,935	2,345	1,585	4,900	2,260	2,640
Neither English nor French	20	10	5	140	65	75
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	21,040	10,280	10,760	35,555	17,895	17,660
English	85	55	25	33,720	16,960	16,760
French	20,925	10,205	10,720	1,575	815	755
English and French	15	10	5	125	55	70
Neither English nor French	20	10	10	140	65	75
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	95	60	30	1,635	845	790
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	0.5	0.6	0.3	4.6	4.7	4.5
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	21,040	10,280	10,760	35,560	17,900	17,660
Single responses	20,965	10,235	10,730	34,885	17,555	17,330
Official languages	20,790	10,140	10,650	30,675	15,585	15,095
English	85	55	30	29,105	14,775	14,335
French	20,700	10,080	10,625	1,570	810	755
Non-official languages	175	95	80	4,210	1,970	2,235
Aboriginal languages	45	25	20	675	295	380
Algonquian languages	50	30	20	25	5	20
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	50	30	20	20	5	20
Atikamekw	45	25	20	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	5	20
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	5	5	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	560	250	305
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	545	245	300
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	10	0	5
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	80	40	45
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	5	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	170	85	85
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	165	85	85
Tahltan	0	0	0	5	5	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	285	115	165
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	210	90	125
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	70	30	35
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	20	10	15
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	10	5	5
Inuktitut	0	0	0	5	5	5
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	5	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	65	25	40
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	5	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	130	70	55	3,530	1,675	1,860
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	10	5	50	25	25
Berber languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	5	5	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	15	5	5	40	25	20
Amharic	0	0	0	5	0	0
Arabic	15	10	10	35	20	15
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	5	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0	5	50	30	25
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	0	0	50	25	25
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	5	0	0	990	415	575
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	80	35	45
Fijian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	40	15	25
Ilocano	5	0	0	35	15	20
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	15	5	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	805	335	465
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	5	5	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5
Creole languages	5	0	0	25	10	15
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	5	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	55	30	25
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	25	10	15
Tamil	0	0	0	25	10	10
Telugu	0	0	0	5	5	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	55	25	30	1,715	885	825
Albanian	0	0	0	5	0	5
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	5
Balto-Slavic languages	10	5	5	295	150	150
Baltic languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	5	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	10	0	5	290	145	145
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	5	0	5
Bulgarian	0	0	0	5	0	0
Croatian	0	0	5	5	5	5
Czech	0	0	0	55	30	25
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	65	35	30
Russian	10	5	5	75	35	45
Serbian	0	0	0	5	5	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	5	5	5
Slovak	0	0	0	5	0	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	15	5	10
Ukrainian	0	0	0	50	25	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	5	0
Welsh	0	0	0	5	0	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Germanic languages	5	5	0	945	495	445
Afrikaans	0	0	0	10	5	5
Danish	0	0	0	20	10	5
Dutch	0	5	0	115	50	60
Frisian	0	0	0	0	5	0
German	0	0	0	765	415	355
Icelandic	0	0	0	5	5	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Swedish	0	0	0	15	10	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	10	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	215	115	100
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	190	100	95
Bengali	0	0	0	25	5	15
Gujarati	0	0	0	20	20	5
Hindi	0	0	0	35	20	15
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	5
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	85	40	45
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	5	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Urdu	0	0	0	20	10	10
Iranian languages	0	0	0	25	20	10
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	25	20	5
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	50	20	25	225	105	120
Catalan	0	0	0	5	0	5
Italian	5	5	5	25	15	10
Portuguese	5	0	0	15	5	5
Romanian	5	0	0	10	10	5
Spanish	35	15	20	170	75	95
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	95	40	55
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	45	10	30
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Mongolian	0	0	0	5	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	15	5	5	25	15	10
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	5	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	10	5	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	5	0	20	10	5
American Sign Language	0	0	0	10	5	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	5	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	10	10	0	5	5	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	10	5	350	150	195
Chinese languages	15	10	5	350	155	195
Cantonese	0	0	0	225	100	120
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	5
Mandarin	10	5	5	95	40	60
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	15	10	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	5	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	30	5	25
Lao	0	0	0	5	5	5
Thai	0	0	0	25	5	25
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	5	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	75	40	35
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	25	15	10
Hungarian	0	0	0	45	30	20
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	5	0	0
Multiple responses	75	50	30	675	345	330
English and French	50	35	20	220	115	100
English and non-official language	0	0	0	420	210	215
French and non-official language	25	10	10	15	10	10
English, French and non-official language	5	0	5	15	10	10
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	21,040	10,280	10,760	35,560	17,900	17,660
Single responses	20,935	10,220	10,715	34,730	17,510	17,220
Official languages	20,835	10,165	10,670	33,135	16,735	16,400
English	35	15	20	32,270	16,315	15,960
French	20,805	10,150	10,655	860	420	435
Non-official languages	95	55	40	1,600	775	825
Aboriginal languages	35	20	10	75	45	35
Algonquian languages	35	20	15	0	5	5
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	35	20	10	0	0	5
Atikamekw	35	20	15	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	65	35	35
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	65	35	35
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	15	10	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	20	10	10
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	30	15	15
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	25	15	10
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	5	0	5
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	5	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	5	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	5	5
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	60	35	30	1,520	730	785
Afro-Asiatic languages	5	0	5	30	15	15
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	5	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	5	0	0	20	10	10
Amharic	0	0	0	5	0	0
Arabic	5	0	5	20	10	10
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	5	0	5
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	5	25	15	15
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	5	0	30	15	15
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	555	255	305
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	35	20	15
Fijian	0	0	0	5	0	5
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	20	5	10
Ilocano	0	0	0	15	5	10
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	5	5	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	475	215	260
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	35	20	15
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	15	10	10
Tamil	0	0	0	15	10	5
Telugu	0	0	0	0	5	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	35	15	20	540	280	260
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	5	0	0	85	40	45
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	5	5	0	85	40	40
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	5	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	15	5	5
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	20	15	10
Russian	5	5	5	30	15	15
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	5	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	5	0	245	125	115
Afrikaans	0	0	0	10	5	5
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	10	0	5
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	5	0	225	115	105
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	5	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	5	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	100	55	45
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	90	45	40
Bengali	0	0	0	15	5	10
Gujarati	0	0	0	15	10	0
Hindi	0	0	0	15	10	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	45	20	25
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	10	5	5
Iranian languages	0	0	0	15	10	5
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	15	15	5
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	30	10	15	110	50	60
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	5	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	5	0	5	5	5	5
Spanish	25	10	15	100	45	50
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	50	25	25
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	25	10	10
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	5	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	5	0	15	10	5
American Sign Language	0	0	0	10	5	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	5	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	5	5	0	5	0	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	5	0	220	100	120
Chinese languages	10	10	5	215	95	120
Cantonese	0	0	0	155	70	90
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	5	5	55	25	30
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	5	0	5	5	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	10	0	5
Lao	0	0	0	5	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	10	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Multiple responses	110	60	50	830	385	445
English and French	55	40	20	120	60	60
English and non-official language	0	0	0	680	315	370
French and non-official language	45	25	20	5	0	5
English, French and non-official language	5	0	5	15	10	10
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	21,040	10,280	10,760	35,555	17,895	17,660
None	20,505	9,965	10,540	31,490	15,990	15,500
English	400	245	155	1,250	590	660
French	65	35	35	890	425	470
Non-official language	55	30	25	1,830	845	985
Aboriginal	5	5	5	585	275	315
Non-Aboriginal	50	25	20	1,245	575	675
English and French	0	0	0	20	10	10
English and non-official language	10	5	5	35	15	20
French and non-official language	0	0	0	45	25	25
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	17,315	8,485	8,825	28,895	14,325	14,565
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	16,855	8,290	8,565	27,975	13,845	14,135
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,564	38,888	24,131	45,804	48,685	43,192
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	16,855	8,290	8,570	27,975	13,840	14,130
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	27,553	34,032	22,611	41,235	43,240	39,353
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	14,520	7,450	7,075	26,300	13,005	13,295
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	26,851	34,368	20,453	43,961	47,135	40,806
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	13,520	6,205	7,310	17,670	8,205	9,465
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,850	8,708	8,998	4,724	4,742	4,708
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	11,140	5,970	5,170	23,940	11,925	12,015
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	27,871	34,336	22,983	43,341	45,938	40,804
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	17,360	8,495	8,855	28,880	14,315	14,565
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	16,900	8,280	8,615	27,920	13,860	14,060
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,100	45,253	31,230	53,809	57,649	50,023
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	16,905	8,280	8,625	27,925	13,860	14,065
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,073	37,307	27,049	45,994	48,598	43,429
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	14,585	7,450	7,135	26,255	13,035	13,220
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,397	42,672	27,798	52,102	56,529	47,736
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	13,500	6,130	7,365	17,700	8,290	9,415
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	9,447	9,242	9,617	7,595	7,499	7,680
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	11,165	5,950	5,215	23,940	11,940	12,005
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,231	41,888	29,771	50,089	53,885	46,314
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	17,355	8,500	8,860	28,880	14,315	14,565
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	4,645	2,530	2,115	10,655	5,325	5,330
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	46,088	53,123	37,751	67,699	72,122	64,301
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	53,306	60,853	44,287	70,536	75,141	65,936
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	80.0	84.7	73.4	91.1	92.4	89.7
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	63.4	67.1	58.2	78.7	79.2	78.0
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	20.0	15.3	26.6	8.9	7.6	10.3
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	17,315	8,490	8,825	28,895	14,325	14,570
Without total income	460	200	265	920	485	435
With total income	16,855	8,290	8,565	27,975	13,840	14,130
Percentage with total income	97.3	97.6	97.1	96.8	96.6	97.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,095	780	1,310	2,875	1,460	1,415
$10,000 to $19,999	3,560	1,335	2,225	3,350	1,575	1,775
$20,000 to $29,999	2,640	1,075	1,560	3,455	1,605	1,845
$30,000 to $39,999	2,270	1,090	1,175	2,815	1,240	1,575
$40,000 to $49,999	1,970	1,135	835	2,545	1,195	1,345
$50,000 to $59,999	1,380	850	535	2,340	1,115	1,225
$60,000 to $69,999	805	500	300	2,370	1,115	1,255
$70,000 to $79,999	665	380	285	2,095	1,010	1,085
$80,000 to $89,999	440	310	125	1,725	885	840
$90,000 to $99,999	345	275	70	1,340	710	630
$100,000 and over	690	560	130	3,065	1,930	1,135
$100,000 to $149,999	540	455	90	2,325	1,410	910
$150,000 and over	150	110	35	740	520	225
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	17,315	8,485	8,830	28,890	14,325	14,565
Without after-tax income	455	200	260	920	485	435
With after-tax income	16,855	8,285	8,570	27,975	13,840	14,135
Percentage with after-tax income	97.3	97.6	97.1	96.8	96.6	97.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,210	790	1,420	2,935	1,485	1,445
$10,000 to $19,999	3,710	1,405	2,305	3,525	1,660	1,860
$20,000 to $29,999	3,200	1,375	1,830	3,860	1,800	2,065
$30,000 to $39,999	2,870	1,530	1,335	3,285	1,480	1,810
$40,000 to $49,999	1,970	1,195	770	3,080	1,450	1,630
$50,000 to $59,999	1,135	695	435	3,045	1,445	1,600
$60,000 to $69,999	765	500	265	2,685	1,305	1,380
$70,000 to $79,999	455	355	100	2,095	1,085	1,010
$80,000 and over	545	435	110	3,475	2,125	1,345
$80,000 to $89,999	235	195	40	1,285	710	580
$90,000 to $99,999	105	85	25	780	490	290
$100,000 and over	200	150	50	1,405	930	480
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	17,315	8,490	8,825	28,890	14,325	14,570
Without employment income	6,175	2,520	3,655	4,950	2,400	2,550
With employment income	11,140	5,965	5,170	23,945	11,930	12,015
Percentage with employment income	64.3	70.3	58.6	82.9	83.3	82.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,645	910	735	2,715	1,355	1,360
$5,000 to $9,999	1,005	425	585	1,605	745	860
$10,000 to $19,999	1,700	715	985	2,635	1,245	1,390
$20,000 to $29,999	1,475	670	810	2,275	1,050	1,225
$30,000 to $39,999	1,320	630	690	2,060	995	1,065
$40,000 to $49,999	1,005	580	425	1,985	940	1,040
$50,000 to $59,999	755	455	305	1,875	855	1,025
$60,000 to $69,999	500	315	185	1,980	885	1,095
$70,000 to $79,999	555	325	235	1,750	845	905
$80,000 and over	1,170	940	225	5,065	3,015	2,055
$80,000 to $89,999	340	265	80	1,495	810	680
$90,000 to $99,999	285	225	60	1,135	610	530
$100,000 and over	540	455	90	2,435	1,590	845
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	9,750	...	...	15,215	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	52,568	...	...	84,521	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	46,393	...	...	73,935	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	3,565	...	...	4,900	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	26,368	...	...	42,170	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	24,653	...	...	38,536	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	6,185	...	...	10,315	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	71,799	...	...	110,664	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	62,171	...	...	96,068	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	9,770	...	...	15,215	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	65,922	...	...	98,739	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	55,507	...	...	84,412	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	3,565	...	...	4,920	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	34,637	...	...	50,317	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	29,589	...	...	43,443	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	6,200	...	...	10,295	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	83,911	...	...	121,861	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	70,408	...	...	103,975	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	9,750	...	...	15,215	...	...
Under $5,000	80	...	...	225	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	190	...	...	155	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	515	...	...	290	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	650	...	...	555	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	585	...	...	670	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	465	...	...	480	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	600	...	...	510	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	525	...	...	505	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	535	...	...	510	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	490	...	...	455	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	910	...	...	910	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	730	...	...	965	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	635	...	...	935	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	525	...	...	960	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	405	...	...	860	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,920	...	...	6,220	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	780	...	...	1,725	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	540	...	...	1,400	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	430	...	...	1,850	...	...
$200,000 and over	180	...	...	1,250	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	9,750	...	...	15,215	...	...
Under $5,000	80	...	...	235	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	185	...	...	160	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	520	...	...	295	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	695	...	...	580	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	650	...	...	680	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	565	...	...	555	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	730	...	...	575	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	650	...	...	605	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	645	...	...	575	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	570	...	...	510	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,005	...	...	1,190	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	800	...	...	1,185	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	610	...	...	1,150	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	485	...	...	1,005	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	415	...	...	885	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,155	...	...	5,045	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	660	...	...	1,840	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	285	...	...	1,420	...	...
$150,000 and over	210	...	...	1,785	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	6,005	...	...	9,795	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	72,204	...	...	108,816	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	62,524	...	...	94,853	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	2,840	...	...	3,890	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	63,642	...	...	104,425	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	55,398	...	...	90,825	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	2,040	...	...	3,860	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	108,736	...	...	139,567	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	91,447	...	...	119,060	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,000	...	...	1,765	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	46,373	...	...	62,816	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	43,008	...	...	58,386	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	6,005	...	...	9,795	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	84,348	...	...	120,618	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	70,702	...	...	102,755	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	2,830	...	...	3,900	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	71,686	...	...	113,004	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	60,638	...	...	95,932	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	2,115	...	...	3,885	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	116,158	...	...	151,228	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	95,393	...	...	127,809	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	930	...	...	1,750	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	52,800	...	...	72,156	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	46,615	...	...	64,133	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	4,060	2,005	2,045	6,685	3,505	3,180
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	24,997	29,493	22,479	39,951	36,718	42,449
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	23,750	26,483	21,835	36,618	33,829	39,148
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	4,045	1,960	2,090	6,705	3,630	3,070
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	33,843	38,530	29,449	47,879	46,673	49,305
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	28,970	31,818	26,299	41,460	40,111	43,054
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	20,535	10,125	10,410	35,110	17,645	17,470
In the bottom half of the distribution	12,640	6,060	6,580	12,840	6,500	6,340
In the bottom decile	2,030	955	1,070	2,530	1,440	1,090
In the second decile	2,555	1,090	1,460	2,705	1,345	1,360
In the third decile	2,665	1,290	1,380	2,315	1,110	1,205
In the fourth decile	2,755	1,375	1,375	2,420	1,145	1,275
In the fifth decile	2,645	1,350	1,290	2,870	1,455	1,415
In the top half of the distribution	7,895	4,060	3,830	22,270	11,145	11,130
In the sixth decile	2,325	1,195	1,135	3,005	1,500	1,505
In the seventh decile	1,985	990	990	3,535	1,745	1,790
In the eighth decile	1,685	880	805	4,495	2,200	2,300
In the ninth decile	1,280	670	610	5,420	2,755	2,670
In the top decile	615	325	295	5,810	2,950	2,860
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	20,535	10,125	10,410	0	0	0
0 to 17 years	3,870	1,975	1,895	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	1,190	615	575	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	12,590	6,325	6,265	0	0	0
65 years and over	4,075	1,820	2,245	0	0	0
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	3,390	1,485	1,905	0	0	0
0 to 17 years	540	275	265	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	170	85	85	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	1,975	935	1,035	0	0	0
65 years and over	880	280	600	0	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	16.5	14.7	18.3	...	...	...
0 to 17 years (%)	14.0	13.9	14.0	...	...	...
0 to 5 years (%)	14.3	13.8	14.8	...	...	...
18 to 64 years (%)	15.7	14.8	16.5	...	...	...
65 years and over (%)	21.6	15.4	26.7	...	...	...
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,410	715	695	0	0	0
0 to 17 years	205	105	95	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	60	30	30	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	1,145	595	550	0	0	0
65 years and over	65	20	45	0	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.9	7.1	6.7	...	...	...
0 to 17 years (%)	5.3	5.3	5.0	...	...	...
0 to 5 years (%)	5.0	4.9	5.2	...	...	...
18 to 64 years (%)	9.1	9.4	8.8	...	...	...
65 years and over (%)	1.6	1.1	2.0	...	...	...
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	20,600	10,150	10,445	35,110	17,640	17,465
Official languages	20,595	10,145	10,440	35,010	17,605	17,405
English	3,925	2,355	1,570	34,930	17,570	17,365
French	20,585	10,140	10,440	4,910	2,270	2,640
Non-official languages	470	195	280	6,255	2,970	3,285
Aboriginal languages	40	25	15	1,165	535	630
Algonquian languages	40	25	15	40	15	25
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	40	30	15	30	10	15
Atikamekw	30	20	10	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	15	10	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	10	15
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	10	10	10
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	10	10	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	870	400	470
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	860	395	465
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	10
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	15	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	95	45	50
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	20	10	10
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	10	15
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	335	185	150
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	330	180	150
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	10	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	405	160	245
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	275	115	160
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	135	50	90
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	50	10	35
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	30	10	25
Inuktitut	0	0	0	20	10	10
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	10	10	10
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	10	10	10
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	195	95	100
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	10	15
Non-Aboriginal languages	435	170	265	5,105	2,440	2,665
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	10	10	70	50	20
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	20	20	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	20	20	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	0	0	50	35	20
Amharic	0	0	0	10	0	10
Arabic	10	10	0	30	25	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	15	0	10
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	0	0	60	35	30
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	10	0	60	30	30
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	1,225	490	730
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	10
Cebuano	0	0	0	115	55	60
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	20	0	15
Ilocano	0	0	0	20	10	15
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	35	15	20
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	1,095	445	650
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	20	0	15
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Creole languages	15	10	0	15	0	10
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	50	25	20
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	10	10	0
Tamil	0	0	0	45	20	20
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	365	130	235	3,060	1,540	1,515
Albanian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	15	10	15
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	375	195	185
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	375	190	180
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Croatian	0	0	0	25	20	10
Czech	0	0	0	80	55	25
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	50	25	30
Russian	0	0	0	145	65	75
Serbian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	15	10	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	30	10	25
Ukrainian	0	0	0	40	25	20
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	20	10	10
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	10	10	0
Welsh	0	0	0	10	10	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Germanic languages	10	10	0	1,360	715	650
Afrikaans	0	0	0	45	25	25
Danish	0	0	0	10	10	0
Dutch	0	0	0	155	75	75
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	10	10	10	1,125	585	540
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	30	15	15
Swedish	0	0	0	25	15	15
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	10	10	10
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	315	190	125
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	300	180	120
Bengali	0	0	0	20	10	10
Gujarati	0	0	0	50	45	10
Hindi	0	0	0	170	115	55
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	10	10	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	150	70	80
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	50	25	25
Iranian languages	0	0	0	15	10	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	15	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	360	130	230	1,130	490	635
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	25	10	10	130	45	85
Portuguese	10	10	0	55	30	30
Romanian	15	0	10	15	0	10
Spanish	325	120	205	975	435	535
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	15	10	10	105	55	45
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	10	0	0	70	20	50
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	15	0	0	65	40	25
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	10
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Shona	0	0	0	0	10	0
Swahili	0	0	0	15	10	10
Wolof	0	10	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	10	10	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	20
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	20	0	20	55	25	35
American Sign Language	0	0	0	40	20	15
Quebec Sign Language	15	0	20	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	15
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	305	150	155
Chinese languages	0	10	0	300	145	155
Cantonese	0	0	0	180	105	75
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	10	0	185	80	105
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	40	25	15
Lao	0	0	0	10	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	40	20	15
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	20	15	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	10	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	10	10	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	115	65	50
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	45	15	25
Hungarian	0	0	0	75	45	25
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	20,595	10,150	10,445	35,110	17,640	17,465
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	20,500	10,105	10,395	32,955	16,610	16,350
Canadian citizens aged under 18	3,830	1,980	1,850	7,085	3,700	3,390
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	16,670	8,130	8,545	25,875	12,910	12,965
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	95	45	55	2,155	1,035	1,120
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	20,595	10,150	10,445	35,110	17,645	17,465
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	20,325	10,045	10,280	30,260	15,305	14,950
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	230	80	150	4,410	2,075	2,330
Before 1981	40	20	20	1,325	695	630
1981 to 1990	10	0	10	385	200	185
1991 to 2000	40	10	30	530	235	295
2001 to 2010	90	35	55	1,055	480	575
2001 to 2005	30	15	20	330	130	205
2006 to 2010	60	25	30	725	350	375
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	60	20	45	1,115	470	645
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	35	25	15	435	255	185
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	235	80	150	4,410	2,080	2,330
Under 5 years	85	20	65	460	205	255
5 to 14 years	25	0	15	765	375	390
15 to 24 years	20	0	15	915	420	490
25 to 44 years	100	45	55	1,970	935	1,035
45 years and over	0	0	0	310	145	160
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	230	80	150	4,410	2,080	2,330
Americas	65	25	40	700	295	410
Brazil	0	0	0	10	10	10
Colombia	0	0	0	15	10	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	10	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	10	0	10
Haiti	15	10	10	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	15	0	15
Mexico	50	15	35	45	20	20
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	0	0	0	560	235	320
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	45	20	30
Europe	80	35	50	1,730	945	785
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	10	10	0
Croatia	0	0	0	10	10	0
France	40	0	30	80	50	30
Germany	0	0	0	440	245	195
Greece	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	40	25	20
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	35	25	15
Italy	10	10	10	40	20	15
Netherlands	0	0	0	135	70	65
Poland	0	0	0	35	10	15
Portugal	0	0	0	10	10	0
Romania	10	10	10	10	0	10
Russian Federation	0	0	0	25	10	20
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	0	0	0	520	260	250
Other places of birth in Europe	20	15	0	355	215	140
Africa	30	15	20	175	125	50
Algeria	0	0	0	10	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	10	10	0
Kenya	0	0	0	10	10	0
Morocco	10	10	0	10	10	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	15	10	0
Somalia	0	0	0	20	15	10
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	50	25	25
Other places of birth in Africa	25	10	20	45	35	15
Asia	50	10	45	1,695	675	1,010
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	10	10	10
China^{Census data footnote 59}	40	0	40	230	80	150
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	15	10	0
India	0	0	0	110	50	60
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	15	10	10
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	20	10	10
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	10	10	0	50	25	30
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	25	10	15
Philippines	0	0	0	1,010	385	625
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	15	0	10
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	10	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	60	25	35
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	120	55	70
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	110	40	70
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	55	20	40	1,115	470	640
Americas	35	10	25	85	25	55
Brazil	0	0	0	10	0	10
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	10	0	10
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	35	10	20	25	10	15
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	0	0	0	35	15	25
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0
Europe	15	10	0	170	85	85
France	0	10	10	40	20	20
Germany	0	0	0	60	25	35
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	15	10	10
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	10	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	10	0	10
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	0	0	0	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	10	0	0	35	20	20
Africa	10	0	10	15	10	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	10	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	10	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	10	10	0
Asia	10	0	0	835	345	495
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	10	0	10	40	20	25
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	40	10	25
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	15	10	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	10	10	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	25	15	10
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	20	10	10
Philippines	0	0	0	635	245	390
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	50	20	30
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	10	10	10
Australia	0	0	0	10	0	10
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	20,595	10,145	10,445	35,110	17,640	17,470
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	275	105	170	5,055	2,460	2,590
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	255	105	150	5,570	2,735	2,835
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	20,065	9,940	10,125	24,490	12,450	12,045
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	195	60	135	3,155	1,420	1,740
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	75	25	50	2,045	990	1,055
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	35	15	20	1,015	565	450
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	40	10	30	1,030	420	605
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	105	35	75	980	340	635
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	10	0	10	125	85	45
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	0	0	0	10	10	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	20,595	10,150	10,445	35,115	17,645	17,465
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	655	280	370	8,195	3,960	4,230
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	645	275	365	7,925	3,815	4,110
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	205	80	120	6,685	3,315	3,370
Métis	430	185	245	1,015	430	590
Inuk (Inuit)	10	10	0	230	75	150
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	10	10	0	160	85	75
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	0	0	10	105	60	45
Non-Aboriginal identity	19,945	9,870	10,070	26,915	13,685	13,235
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	20,600	10,150	10,450	35,110	17,645	17,465
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	260	100	160	5,910	2,990	2,920
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	20,340	10,045	10,290	29,200	14,655	14,550
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	20,600	10,150	10,445	35,115	17,645	17,470
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	435	230	200	3,740	1,860	1,880
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	430	225	205	3,650	1,810	1,840
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	310	155	155	3,405	1,705	1,695
Métis single ancestry	120	75	45	150	65	90
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	95	35	55
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	10	0	0	85	50	35
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	10	10	0	30	10	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	55	35	15
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	680	310	370	4,585	2,140	2,440
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	660	305	360	4,325	2,035	2,295
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	465	200	260	3,515	1,680	1,840
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	195	100	90	660	285	375
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	10	145	70	80
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	20	0	10	260	110	155
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	20	10	10	160	65	105
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	90	40	50
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	10	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	19,480	9,610	9,870	26,790	13,645	13,145
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	20,600	10,150	10,450	35,115	17,645	17,470
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	225	70	150	3,000	1,345	1,650
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	10	10	0	500	275	225
Chinese	55	10	45	415	170	240
Black	105	35	65	270	120	150
Filipino	0	0	0	1,190	480	710
Latin American	25	10	15	130	75	60
Arab	15	0	10	10	10	10
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	0	0	0	180	80	100
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	0	0	0	30	20	10
Korean	0	10	0	70	20	50
Japanese	0	10	0	65	35	30
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	0	0	0	15	10	10
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	0	0	0	120	60	60
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	20,375	10,075	10,295	32,110	16,295	15,815
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	20,595	10,150	10,445	35,115	17,645	17,470
North American Aboriginal origins	1,115	540	575	8,320	4,000	4,325
First Nations (North American Indian)	800	365	430	7,255	3,535	3,725
Inuit	0	0	10	390	195	200
Métis	335	185	155	1,020	430	590
Other North American origins	17,285	8,530	8,750	9,335	4,775	4,565
Acadian	115	50	70	165	65	95
American	45	20	25	675	310	365
Canadian	16,760	8,290	8,470	8,635	4,460	4,180
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	65	30	35
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Québécois	525	265	260	85	40	50
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	5,535	2,715	2,815	24,990	12,525	12,465
British Isles origins	880	410	465	17,525	8,740	8,780
Channel Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0	0	0
English	160	95	65	9,680	4,850	4,825
Irish	495	215	275	6,930	3,310	3,615
Manx	0	0	0	10	0	10
Scottish	285	130	150	8,290	4,065	4,235
Welsh	10	10	0	905	425	480
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	20	15	0	1,235	595	640
French origins	4,750	2,365	2,385	5,060	2,455	2,605
Alsatian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Breton	25	10	15	15	10	10
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	4,725	2,355	2,370	5,035	2,440	2,600
Western European origins (except French origins)	165	70	90	7,690	3,805	3,885
Austrian	0	0	0	365	180	185
Bavarian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Belgian	35	20	20	175	85	90
Dutch	25	15	10	1,765	815	945
Flemish	0	0	0	10	0	10
Frisian	0	0	0	15	0	15
German	70	25	45	5,575	2,765	2,810
Luxembourger	0	0	0	10	0	0
Swiss	30	20	15	435	265	170
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	30	0	30
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	30	20	10	3,335	1,625	1,710
Danish	0	0	0	555	275	280
Finnish	0	0	0	275	135	145
Icelandic	0	0	0	215	125	85
Norwegian	10	10	0	1,380	690	690
Swedish	20	10	10	1,100	510	585
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	10	0	0	205	110	95
Eastern European origins	85	50	35	4,495	2,190	2,305
Bulgarian	0	0	0	45	15	30
Byelorussian	0	0	0	20	10	0
Czech	10	0	0	180	110	70
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	0	0	0	40	10	30
Estonian	0	0	0	15	15	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	485	250	235
Latvian	0	0	0	50	25	20
Lithuanian	0	0	0	35	15	25
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	45	25	20	1,140	530	605
Romanian	20	10	10	130	60	75
Russian	40	15	20	820	365	460
Slovak	0	0	0	110	60	55
Ukrainian	0	0	0	2,205	1,055	1,145
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	0	0	0	35	20	20
Southern European origins	165	60	100	1,490	690	795
Albanian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	20	15	10
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	55	25	35
Cypriot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	90	50	40
Italian	140	50	90	915	400	520
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	15	15	0
Maltese	0	0	0	10	0	0
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	15	10	10	70	30	35
Serbian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Slovenian	0	0	0	45	15	30
Spanish	10	0	0	270	140	130
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	0	0	0	30	15	15
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	30	10	15	450	175	280
Basque	0	0	0	20	0	20
Jewish	10	10	0	150	50	100
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	10	10	10
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	30	10	20
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	20	10	15	250	115	130
Caribbean origins	25	10	10	165	70	95
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Bermudan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	15	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	20	15	10	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0	95	40	50
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	20	0	15
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	0	0	0	15	10	10
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	85	30	55	215	110	105
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	35	15	20
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Chilean	0	0	0	25	20	10
Colombian	0	0	0	25	15	10
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	10	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	10	0	10
Hispanic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	10	0	10
Maya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexican	85	30	55	90	50	40
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Panamanian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	0	0	0	0	0	0
African origins	100	30	70	350	165	185
Central and West African origins	50	20	30	60	30	25
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	10	10	10
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	25	10	15	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Peulh	20	10	10	0	0	0
Senegalese	25	10	15	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	10	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	0	0	0	30	20	10
North African origins	20	0	15	35	15	20
Algerian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	10	10	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	20	0	15
Moroccan	15	0	10	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	0	0	10	125	60	65
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	10
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	15	10	10
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	10	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	15	10	0
Somali	0	0	0	15	15	10
South African	0	0	0	60	20	35
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	10	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	0	0	0	10	0	10
Other African origins	30	10	25	135	60	75
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	0	0	0	0	0	10
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	30	0	25	130	55	75
Asian origins	105	35	75	2,855	1,260	1,595
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	30	15	15	195	110	85
Afghan	0	0	0	0	10	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	0	0	0	15	10	10
Armenian	0	0	0	25	15	15
Assyrian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Iraqi	0	0	0	10	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	30	15	15	60	45	15
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	10	0	0
Turk	0	0	0	30	15	15
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	20	10	10
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	0	0	0	0	0	10
South Asian origins	0	0	0	460	265	200
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	30	15	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	0	0	0	315	160	160
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	40	40	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	10	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	60	25	30
Punjabi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	20	20	10
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	0	0	0	10	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	75	20	55	2,180	890	1,285
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese	60	10	55	625	240	380
Filipino	0	0	0	1,330	550	780
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	20	0	15
Japanese	0	10	0	95	50	45
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	80	25	55
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	45	10	40
Mongolian	0	0	0	10	10	10
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	10	25	10	15
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	10	0	85	50	40
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	10	0	0
Other Asian origins	0	0	0	25	0	25
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	0	0	0	25	0	25
Oceania origins	0	0	0	170	80	90
Australian	0	0	0	80	35	50
New Zealander	0	0	0	65	30	35
Pacific Islands origins	0	0	0	35	25	10
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	20	20	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	10	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	9,765	...	...	15,215	...	...
Owner	5,975	...	...	9,680	...	...
Renter	3,795	...	...	5,005	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	530	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	9,765	...	...	15,215	...	...
Condominium	800	...	...	1,495	...	...
Not condominium	8,965	...	...	13,720	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	9,765	...	...	15,215	...	...
No bedrooms	10	...	...	125	...	...
1 bedroom	1,075	...	...	2,515	...	...
2 bedrooms	3,185	...	...	4,290	...	...
3 bedrooms	3,250	...	...	5,065	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	2,255	...	...	3,215	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	9,765	...	...	15,215	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	3,220	...	...	5,160	...	...
5 rooms	1,580	...	...	2,675	...	...
6 rooms	1,135	...	...	2,340	...	...
7 rooms	1,230	...	...	1,755	...	...
8 or more rooms	2,605	...	...	3,285	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.0	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	9,765	...	...	15,215	...	...
One person or fewer per room	9,760	...	...	14,970	...	...
More than 1 person per room	10	...	...	245	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	9,765	...	...	15,215	...	...
Suitable	9,670	...	...	14,490	...	...
Not suitable	95	...	...	725	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	9,770	...	...	15,215	...	...
1960 or before	2,690	...	...	1,315	...	...
1961 to 1980	3,430	...	...	4,625	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,220	...	...	2,330	...	...
1991 to 2000	980	...	...	2,625	...	...
2001 to 2005	415	...	...	1,045	...	...
2006 to 2010	530	...	...	1,435	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	500	...	...	1,840	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	9,770	...	...	15,215	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	9,315	...	...	13,315	...	...
Major repairs needed	455	...	...	1,900	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	9,765	...	...	15,215	...	...
1 household maintainer	6,510	...	...	9,070	...	...
2 household maintainers	3,190	...	...	5,690	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	60	...	...	460	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	9,770	...	...	15,215	...	...
15 to 24 years	320	...	...	420	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,210	...	...	2,390	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,275	...	...	2,810	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,770	...	...	3,275	...	...
55 to 64 years	2,395	...	...	3,605	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,580	...	...	1,875	...	...
75 to 84 years	940	...	...	680	...	...
85 years and over	275	...	...	155	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	9,765	...	...	14,550	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	8,060	...	...	11,865	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,710	...	...	2,680	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,600	...	...	2,345	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	5,975	...	...	9,590	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	59.0	...	...	59.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	9.3	...	...	12.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	849	...	...	1,239	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	884	...	...	1,325	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	179,796	...	...	358,721	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	192,908	...	...	371,716	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	3,790	...	...	5,005	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	12.8	...	...	25.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	30.6	...	...	29.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	549	...	...	967	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	602	...	...	1,038	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	17,355	8,500	8,855	28,875	14,310	14,565
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,500	1,675	1,830	4,715	2,635	2,080
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	3,320	1,475	1,840	6,835	3,325	3,505
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	10,540	5,345	5,190	17,335	8,350	8,985
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,085	2,575	1,515	3,145	2,450	695
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	3,040	1,715	1,330	1,230	785	445
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	1,045	865	185	1,915	1,665	255
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	3,340	1,420	1,920	6,120	2,520	3,600
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	635	225	405	825	320	500
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	2,480	1,130	1,350	7,250	3,060	4,195
Bachelor's degree	1,895	840	1,055	4,790	1,955	2,835
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	185	95	90	435	175	260
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	80	30	50	190	115	75
Master's degree	300	140	155	1,695	745	955
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	20	15	0	135	65	70
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	10,975	5,495	5,485	21,030	10,190	10,845
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,495	725	770	2,255	1,400	855
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	1,655	770	880	4,400	2,065	2,340
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	7,835	3,995	3,835	14,375	6,730	7,650
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,185	1,995	1,190	2,400	1,875	520
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	2,390	1,345	1,040	885	560	325
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	800	650	150	1,510	1,320	190
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	2,385	1,045	1,340	4,975	2,020	2,955
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	345	135	215	665	250	410
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	1,915	830	1,090	6,340	2,575	3,765
Bachelor's degree	1,450	620	830	4,190	1,660	2,530
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	130	55	80	380	140	235
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	60	25	35	165	90	75
Master's degree	260	120	145	1,500	625	870
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	10	10	0	110	55	60
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	17,360	8,500	8,855	28,880	14,315	14,565
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	6,820	3,150	3,670	11,545	5,960	5,585
Education	1,020	270	745	1,545	505	1,040
13. Education	1,015	270	750	1,545	505	1,040
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	200	95	105	525	215	305
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	40	25	15	60	50	10
50. Visual and performing arts	165	75	85	465	170	295
Humanities	485	220	265	840	375	470
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	30	0	25	90	15	70
23. English language and literature/letters	10	10	0	215	100	115
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	290	120	170	230	95	135
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	10	10	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10	0	0	70	45	20
39. Theology and religious vocations	45	15	30	95	70	25
54. History	25	15	10	120	40	80
55. French language and literature/letters	70	35	35	20	0	20
Social and behavioural sciences and law	630	155	480	2,095	705	1,390
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	15	60	10	60
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	40	10	30	170	45	125
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	250	10	235	400	30	365
22. Legal professions and studies	125	40	85	290	140	150
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	20	0	20	45	10	35
42. Psychology	85	20	65	285	80	200
45. Social sciences	100	75	25	845	395	455
Business, management and public administration	2,175	630	1,545	3,310	960	2,350
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	200	25	175	525	125	395
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,965	600	1,365	2,785	835	1,955
Physical and life sciences and technologies	220	140	80	690	360	330
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	55	40	15	380	195	190
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	30	25	10	95	45	50
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	95	45	45	10	0	10
40. Physical sciences	50	30	15	185	100	80
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	30	20	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	260	165	95	405	200	200
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	200	145	55	285	170	120
25. Library science	40	0	45	45	0	40
27. Mathematics and statistics	15	10	0	70	25	45
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	10	10	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	2,830	2,675	155	3,575	3,250	325
04. Architecture and related services	80	40	40	90	70	25
14. Engineering	255	235	25	470	365	100
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	605	540	65	520	455	65
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	10	0	10
46. Construction trades	690	685	10	1,210	1,150	55
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	650	640	10	990	955	40
48. Precision production	545	530	15	280	255	20
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	295	235	55	815	465	355
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	60	35	25	125	70	55
03. Natural resources and conservation	235	205	30	695	395	300
Health and related fields	1,410	260	1,150	2,200	515	1,690
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	50	35	10	215	90	125
51. Health professions and related programs	1,355	220	1,135	1,945	405	1,545
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	10	0	0	40	25	15
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,025	505	520	1,330	800	525
12. Personal and culinary services	580	105	475	640	215	425
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	10	0	0
43. Security and protective services	160	130	30	225	160	70
49. Transportation and materials moving	285	270	15	455	420	35
Other	0	10	0	0	10	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	10	0	10	10	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	10,975	5,495	5,485	21,030	10,190	10,845
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	3,150	1,495	1,650	6,655	3,460	3,195
Education	615	130	485	1,245	380	860
13. Education	620	130	485	1,250	385	865
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	160	80	80	480	200	275
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	25	20	0	55	50	10
50. Visual and performing arts	140	60	75	425	150	270
Humanities	230	120	115	675	300	380
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	15	0	15	70	20	55
23. English language and literature/letters	0	10	0	190	90	100
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	130	75	60	165	65	100
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	55	35	20
39. Theology and religious vocations	20	10	10	85	70	15
54. History	10	10	0	95	25	70
55. French language and literature/letters	45	20	20	20	0	15
Social and behavioural sciences and law	475	125	350	1,845	620	1,225
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	10	55	10	45
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	35	10	25	150	40	110
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	210	10	205	320	20	300
22. Legal professions and studies	85	35	45	280	130	145
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	10	0	10	40	10	35
42. Psychology	55	20	40	245	70	175
45. Social sciences	80	55	20	755	340	415
Business, management and public administration	1,760	500	1,255	2,750	750	1,995
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	195	25	165	430	95	340
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,565	475	1,090	2,315	655	1,660
Physical and life sciences and technologies	110	85	25	615	310	310
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	40	35	10	330	165	165
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	20	20	0	85	40	45
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	10	0	10	10	0	10
40. Physical sciences	45	30	10	165	85	80
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	30	20	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	185	115	70	335	165	170
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	140	100	40	265	150	115
25. Library science	35	10	35	35	10	25
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	10	0	30	0	25
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	10	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	2,135	2,010	125	2,815	2,525	285
04. Architecture and related services	55	25	25	75	55	25
14. Engineering	185	160	25	385	295	85
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	470	425	45	415	360	60
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	10	0	15
46. Construction trades	520	515	10	1,000	940	55
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	480	465	15	735	695	35
48. Precision production	425	415	15	190	175	15
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	240	200	40	735	405	330
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	45	25	20	115	60	55
03. Natural resources and conservation	200	175	20	625	350	280
Health and related fields	1,060	190	870	1,840	435	1,400
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	30	30	0	185	75	115
51. Health professions and related programs	1,020	165	860	1,620	350	1,275
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	0	0	10	30	15	15
Personal, protective and transportation services	850	430	415	1,040	625	415
12. Personal and culinary services	485	95	390	510	175	330
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	10	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	125	105	20	180	125	55
49. Transportation and materials moving	240	235	10	345	320	25
Other	10	10	0	10	10	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	0	0	10	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	17,355	8,500	8,855	28,880	14,315	14,565
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,820	3,150	3,670	11,545	5,960	5,585
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	10,535	5,350	5,190	17,335	8,350	8,985
Location of study inside Canada	10,460	5,305	5,160	14,515	6,955	7,560
Same as province or territory of residence	10,395	5,265	5,130	3,915	1,885	2,030
Different than province or territory of residence	65	40	25	10,600	5,065	5,535
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	75	45	30	2,815	1,400	1,425
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	15	10	10	635	345	285
Philippines	0	0	0	570	210	360
India	0	0	0	105	65	40
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	0	0	0	265	115	150
China^{Census data footnote 162}	0	0	0	40	15	20
France	15	0	10	65	35	25
Other	45	25	15	1,145	610	535
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	10,975	5,495	5,485	21,035	10,190	10,845
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,150	1,495	1,650	6,655	3,460	3,195
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	7,830	4,000	3,830	14,380	6,730	7,650
Location of study inside Canada	7,770	3,960	3,800	12,045	5,585	6,465
Same as province or territory of residence	7,730	3,940	3,790	3,120	1,450	1,665
Different than province or territory of residence	35	20	15	8,925	4,130	4,795
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	65	35	30	2,335	1,145	1,185
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	0	0	0	460	245	215
Philippines	0	0	0	550	205	340
India	0	0	0	85	55	30
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	0	0	0	185	90	90
China^{Census data footnote 162}	0	0	0	25	10	20
France	15	10	10	55	30	20
Other	40	25	20	975	505	470
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	17,360	8,500	8,860	28,880	14,315	14,565
In the labour force	9,845	5,180	4,665	21,795	11,005	10,795
Employed	8,885	4,535	4,350	19,790	9,765	10,025
Unemployed	960	645	315	2,010	1,240	765
Not in the labour force	7,510	3,320	4,190	7,085	3,310	3,775
Participation rate	56.7	60.9	52.7	75.5	76.9	74.1
Employment rate	51.2	53.4	49.1	68.5	68.2	68.8
Unemployment rate	9.8	12.5	6.8	9.2	11.3	7.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	17,360	8,495	8,860	28,880	14,310	14,570
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	6,925	3,040	3,880	5,980	2,790	3,190
Worked	10,435	5,455	4,980	22,900	11,525	11,375
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	4,690	2,560	2,125	10,865	5,465	5,405
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	5,745	2,890	2,850	12,030	6,060	5,975
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.7	41.6	41.7	41.1	40.3	41.9
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	9,845	5,175	4,670	21,800	11,005	10,790
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	220	125	90	395	220	175
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	9,630	5,055	4,575	21,405	10,785	10,615
Employee	8,785	4,670	4,110	18,810	9,165	9,645
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	845	380	465	2,595	1,620	975
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	9,845	5,180	4,665	21,795	11,005	10,795
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	215	130	90	395	220	175
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	9,630	5,055	4,580	21,405	10,790	10,615
0 Management occupations	700	405	300	2,460	1,325	1,135
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,290	385	910	3,465	740	2,725
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	525	460	65	1,385	1,055	330
3 Health occupations	845	150	695	1,230	255	970
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,280	345	930	3,625	1,280	2,345
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	165	65	105	790	345	450
6 Sales and service occupations	2,550	1,115	1,440	3,955	1,660	2,300
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,585	1,525	60	3,650	3,400	250
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	135	120	20	505	450	50
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	550	495	60	350	285	60
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	9,845	5,180	4,665	21,795	11,005	10,790
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	215	125	90	395	220	175
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	9,630	5,055	4,580	21,405	10,785	10,620
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	140	115	25	245	190	55
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	65	55	0	505	440	70
22 Utilities	125	115	10	160	115	50
23 Construction	715	640	75	2,055	1,810	240
31-33 Manufacturing	1,180	1,020	160	335	230	105
41 Wholesale trade	225	170	60	325	240	85
44-45 Retail trade	1,475	675	795	1,975	1,015	960
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	295	230	70	1,060	765	300
51 Information and cultural industries	100	60	35	535	300	235
52 Finance and insurance	225	80	150	305	95	210
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	75	45	25	195	105	90
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	450	250	195	1,295	645	645
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	20	10	15
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	310	215	95	565	330	235
61 Educational services	825	230	595	1,630	520	1,115
62 Health care and social assistance	1,510	285	1,225	2,070	400	1,670
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	140	65	70	600	285	310
72 Accommodation and food services	815	325	495	1,545	605	940
81 Other services (except public administration)	515	215	300	775	415	355
91 Public administration	455	265	190	5,205	2,280	2,925
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	8,885	4,530	4,350	19,790	9,765	10,025
Worked at home	360	125	240	1,420	770	655
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	25	10	20
No fixed workplace address	665	525	140	2,330	1,795	540
Worked at usual place	7,855	3,885	3,970	16,010	7,200	8,815
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	7,855	3,885	3,970	16,010	7,195	8,815
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	6,015	2,695	3,320	13,510	6,025	7,485
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	640	380	260	2,265	1,040	1,225
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,195	805	390	0	0	0
Commute to a different province or territory	10	0	0	235	135	100
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	8,520	4,410	4,115	18,340	8,990	9,350
Car, truck, van - as a driver	7,375	3,825	3,545	13,990	7,130	6,860
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	345	160	190	1,095	385	710
Public transit	25	10	15	720	315	405
Walked	610	295	315	1,735	645	1,090
Bicycle	40	35	0	470	285	190
Other method	125	85	40	320	225	90
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	8,520	4,410	4,115	18,340	8,985	9,355
Less than 15 minutes	5,760	2,665	3,090	9,735	4,695	5,040
15 to 29 minutes	1,310	730	580	6,195	3,045	3,150
30 to 44 minutes	650	455	195	1,400	625	770
45 to 59 minutes	525	335	195	465	215	245
60 minutes and over	270	225	50	550	405	150
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	8,525	4,410	4,110	18,340	8,990	9,355
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	485	375	110	520	335	180
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,425	1,065	360	1,930	1,150	780
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	3,370	1,615	1,755	6,185	3,220	2,965
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,475	545	930	5,785	2,450	3,335
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	545	135	405	1,905	805	1,100
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,225	675	545	2,015	1,020	990
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	10,735	5,625	5,110	23,495	11,810	11,685
Single responses	10,645	5,565	5,080	23,325	11,735	11,595
Official languages	10,645	5,560	5,080	23,230	11,695	11,540
English	115	75	45	22,970	11,600	11,370
French	10,530	5,485	5,040	260	95	165
Non-official languages	0	0	0	95	35	55
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	25	10	15
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	20	10	15
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	10	10
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	70	30	40
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	25	10	15
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	20	10	10
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	15	10	10
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	25	15	15
Chinese languages	0	0	0	25	15	15
Cantonese	0	0	0	20	15	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	10	0	10
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	90	65	25	165	75	90
English and French	85	55	30	75	35	40
English and non-official language	0	0	0	80	35	45
French and non-official language	10	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	10	0	10
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	10,730	5,625	5,110	23,495	11,810	11,685
None	10,015	5,115	4,900	21,950	11,185	10,765
English	650	465	180	210	80	130
French	65	45	20	825	330	500
Non-official language	10	0	10	475	205	275
Aboriginal	0	0	0	175	70	105
Non-Aboriginal	0	0	10	305	135	170
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	20	10	15
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	20,375	10,020	10,360	34,705	17,450	17,250
Non-movers	18,410	9,045	9,355	28,875	14,450	14,430
Movers	1,970	970	1,000	5,825	3,005	2,825
Non-migrants	1,245	635	610	3,635	1,895	1,740
Migrants	725	335	390	2,190	1,110	1,085
Internal migrants	715	325	390	1,945	990	955
Intraprovincial migrants	695	315	385	545	265	285
Interprovincial migrants	20	10	10	1,400	725	670
External migrants	10	10	0	250	115	130
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	19,545	9,555	9,985	32,990	16,505	16,480
Non-movers	13,335	6,460	6,875	18,040	9,060	8,980
Movers	6,210	3,095	3,110	14,945	7,450	7,495
Non-migrants	4,270	2,155	2,120	8,245	4,195	4,050
Migrants	1,935	945	995	6,700	3,260	3,445
Internal migrants	1,905	930	975	5,515	2,675	2,830
Intraprovincial migrants	1,870	900	970	1,235	590	640
Interprovincial migrants	30	30	0	4,285	2,090	2,195
External migrants	30	10	20	1,190	575	615

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Alma [Population centre], Quebec and Yukon [Territory] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 9, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Alma [Population centre], Quebec and Yukon [Territory]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Alma [Population centre], Quebec and Yukon [Territory]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Alma [Population centre], Quebec and Yukon [Territory]