Census Profile, 2016 Census
Canada [Country] and Calgary [Population centre], Alberta

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Canada [Country]			Calgary Alberta [Population centre]
	Data quality , Canada [Country] Map : Canada [Country] Change geography 1			Data quality : Calgary [Population centre], Alberta Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	35,151,728	...	...	1,237,656	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	33,476,688	...	...	1,094,379^r	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	5.0	...	...	13.1	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	15,412,443	...	...	489,271	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	14,072,079	...	...	466,391	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	3.9	...	...	2,111.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	8,965,588.85	...	...	586.08	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	35,151,730	17,264,200	17,887,530	1,237,650	617,210	620,440
0 to 14 years	5,839,565	2,992,920	2,846,645	226,580	116,325	110,255
0 to 4 years	1,898,790	973,030	925,760	77,820	39,975	37,840
5 to 9 years	2,018,130	1,034,685	983,445	79,230	40,790	38,440
10 to 14 years	1,922,645	985,200	937,445	69,530	35,560	33,970
15 to 64 years	23,376,530	11,576,130	11,800,400	872,320	437,655	434,665
15 to 19 years	2,026,160	1,039,215	986,940	69,630	35,685	33,940
20 to 24 years	2,242,690	1,144,495	1,098,200	78,480	39,740	38,735
25 to 29 years	2,285,990	1,144,470	1,141,515	99,950	49,625	50,325
30 to 34 years	2,329,395	1,148,290	1,181,110	109,160	54,535	54,630
35 to 39 years	2,288,365	1,118,635	1,169,730	100,160	49,720	50,445
40 to 44 years	2,255,135	1,104,440	1,150,695	93,220	46,670	46,545
45 to 49 years	2,359,965	1,157,760	1,202,210	87,690	44,345	43,345
50 to 54 years	2,678,075	1,318,755	1,359,320	86,785	43,525	43,255
55 to 59 years	2,620,240	1,285,190	1,335,055	82,155	41,160	40,995
60 to 64 years	2,290,510	1,114,885	1,175,630	65,095	32,645	32,450
65 years and over	5,935,630	2,695,150	3,240,485	138,750	63,230	75,520
65 to 69 years	1,972,480	953,075	1,019,405	48,950	23,915	25,035
70 to 74 years	1,420,875	677,975	742,900	31,665	15,070	16,590
75 to 79 years	1,021,850	469,550	552,300	22,775	10,250	12,530
80 to 84 years	749,650	325,765	423,880	17,360	7,505	9,860
85 years and over	770,780	268,790	501,990	18,000	6,495	11,500
85 to 89 years	482,525	185,535	296,990	11,505	4,530	6,975
90 to 94 years	223,510	68,675	154,835	4,985	1,605	3,375
95 to 99 years	56,525	13,240	43,280	1,355	345	1,010
100 years and over	8,230	1,340	6,890	165	20	145
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.6	17.3	15.9	18.3	18.8	17.8
15 to 64 years	66.5	67.1	66.0	70.5	70.9	70.1
65 years and over	16.9	15.6	18.1	11.2	10.2	12.2
85 years and over	2.2	1.6	2.8	1.5	1.1	1.9
Average age of the population	41.0	40.1	41.9	37.6	37.0	38.2
Median age of the population	41.2	40.2	42.2	36.7	36.2	37.1
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	14,072,080	...	...	466,395	...	...
Single-detached house	7,541,495	...	...	262,430	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,391,040	...	...	32,885	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	4,949,795	...	...	169,050	...	...
Semi-detached house	698,800	...	...	29,430	...	...
Row house	891,305	...	...	44,710	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	784,300	...	...	21,860	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,539,390	...	...	72,850	...	...
Other single-attached house	36,005	...	...	195	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	189,755	...	...	2,025	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	14,072,080	...	...	466,390	...	...
1 person	3,969,790	...	...	114,185	...	...
2 persons	4,834,605	...	...	150,775	...	...
3 persons	2,140,640	...	...	78,405	...	...
4 persons	1,946,275	...	...	75,220	...	...
5 or more persons	1,180,770	...	...	47,805	...	...
Number of persons in private households	34,460,060	...	...	1,221,000	...	...
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	29,312,160	14,271,280	15,040,885	1,011,070	500,885	510,185
Married or living common law	16,893,720	8,452,135	8,441,585	595,925	298,785	297,135
Married	13,383,455	6,693,465	6,689,990	506,035	253,695	252,340
Living common law	3,510,265	1,758,670	1,751,590	89,885	45,090	44,795
Not married and not living common law	12,418,440	5,819,140	6,599,300	415,150	202,105	213,050
Never married	8,254,340	4,444,425	3,809,915	292,725	160,265	132,465
Separated	718,295	309,905	408,400	22,220	9,685	12,540
Divorced	1,816,005	725,535	1,090,470	62,225	24,230	37,995
Widowed	1,629,800	339,280	1,290,525	37,970	7,925	30,045
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	9,840,730	...	...	336,770	...	...
2 persons	5,007,790	...	...	155,450	...	...
3 persons	2,107,830	...	...	75,845	...	...
4 persons	1,909,935	...	...	74,685	...	...
5 or more persons	815,170	...	...	30,785	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	9,840,730	...	...	336,770	...	...
Total couple families	8,227,925	...	...	289,225	...	...
Married couples	6,474,005	...	...	244,295	...	...
Common-law couples	1,753,920	...	...	44,935	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	1,612,805	...	...	47,545	...	...
Female parent	1,262,340	...	...	37,050	...	...
Male parent	350,465	...	...	10,495	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	8,227,925	...	...	289,225	...	...
Couples without children	4,024,305	...	...	126,065	...	...
Couples with children	4,203,615	...	...	163,160	...	...
1 child	1,650,165	...	...	62,340	...	...
2 children	1,783,080	...	...	71,235	...	...
3 or more children	770,375	...	...	29,585	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	1,612,805	...	...	47,545	...	...
1 child	983,485	...	...	29,385	...	...
2 children	457,670	...	...	13,505	...	...
3 or more children	171,655	...	...	4,650	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	6,107,260	2,941,395	3,165,865	219,475	112,410	107,070
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	14,072,075	...	...	466,395	...	...
One-census-family households	9,218,225	...	...	309,995	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	3,782,095	...	...	115,155	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	5,436,135	...	...	194,840	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	301,715	...	...	12,900	...	...
Non-census-family households	4,552,135	...	...	143,500	...	...
One-person households	3,969,790	...	...	114,185	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	582,350	...	...	29,320	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	34,767,255	17,101,170	17,666,080	1,226,780	612,060	614,725
English only	23,757,525	11,838,075	11,919,455	1,107,090	558,230	548,855
French only	4,144,685	1,925,845	2,218,840	1,165	505	655
English and French	6,216,065	3,071,325	3,144,740	89,335	41,345	47,990
Neither English nor French	648,970	265,920	383,045	29,190	11,970	17,220
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	34,767,250	17,101,165	17,666,085	1,226,780	612,060	614,725
English	26,007,500	12,852,330	13,155,165	1,171,870	587,145	584,725
French	7,705,755	3,780,105	3,925,650	18,945	9,585	9,355
English and French	417,485	209,130	208,355	7,390	3,665	3,730
Neither English nor French	636,515	259,600	376,910	28,575	11,660	16,915
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	7,914,495	3,884,670	4,029,825	22,640	11,420	11,220
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	22.8	22.7	22.8	1.8	1.9	1.8
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	34,767,255	17,101,170	17,666,085	1,226,785	612,060	614,725
Single responses	33,948,620	16,702,840	17,245,775	1,188,730	593,530	595,195
Official languages	26,627,555	13,201,620	13,425,940	824,410	417,710	406,695
English	19,460,850	9,680,125	9,780,725	806,275	408,530	397,750
French	7,166,705	3,521,495	3,645,215	18,135	9,185	8,950
Non-official languages	7,321,065	3,501,220	3,819,840	364,320	175,820	188,500
Aboriginal languages	195,700	94,795	100,900	695	250	440
Algonquian languages	130,450	62,930	67,520	490	185	300
Blackfoot	2,815	1,325	1,490	225	85	135
Cree-Montagnais languages	88,445	42,920	45,530	195	80	115
Atikamekw	6,150	3,135	3,015	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	10,230	4,885	5,350	0	5	0
Moose Cree	100	50	55	0	0	0
Naskapi	1,205	590	620	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	315	125	190	0	0	0
Plains Cree	3,065	1,360	1,710	50	20	30
Southern East Cree	45	20	25	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	1,440	585	850	10	0	5
Woods Cree	1,840	865	975	5	5	10
Cree, n.o.s.	64,050	31,305	32,745	125	55	70
Eastern Algonquian languages	6,990	3,310	3,680	10	5	5
Malecite	305	140	160	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	6,690	3,170	3,520	10	5	5
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	32,150	15,350	16,800	60	10	50
Algonquin	1,260	590	670	0	5	0
Ojibway	17,890	8,440	9,450	50	10	45
Oji-Cree	12,855	6,260	6,595	5	0	5
Ottawa (Odawa)	150	65	85	5	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	45	25	20	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	17,365	8,325	9,045	50	20	35
Northern Athabaskan languages	17,315	8,310	9,010	55	20	35
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	110	55	60	0	0	0
Beaver	190	85	105	0	0	0
Carrier	1,025	465	565	0	0	0
Chilcotin	660	295	360	0	0	0
Dene	10,700	5,185	5,515	20	10	10
Dogrib (Tlicho)	1,645	840	815	0	0	5
Gwich'in	260	110	145	5	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	80	25	50	20	5	15
Sekani	90	45	45	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	1,995	950	1,045	5	0	5
North Slavey (Hare)	765	365	400	0	0	0
South Slavey	945	455	495	5	0	5
Slavey, n.o.s.	280	130	150	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	270	135	140	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	180	90	90	0	0	0
Tahltan	95	40	50	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	290	120	170	0	0	5
Northern Tutchone	215	90	135	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	70	30	40	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	50	20	35	0	0	0
Haida	75	35	40	0	0	0
Inuit languages	36,545	18,100	18,445	20	10	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	1,025	445	575	5	5	0
Inuktitut	35,215	17,530	17,680	5	5	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	315	125	185	10	0	10
Iroquoian languages	1,115	485	635	0	0	5
Cayuga	45	20	20	0	0	0
Mohawk	980	430	555	5	0	0
Oneida	55	20	40	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	0	0	0
Kutenai	105	55	55	0	0	0
Michif	465	230	235	10	5	10
Salish languages	2,305	1,130	1,180	5	5	0
Comox	80	45	40	0	0	0
Halkomelem	475	225	245	0	0	0
Lillooet	315	155	155	0	0	0
Okanagan	270	135	135	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	445	225	220	0	0	0
Squamish	40	20	20	0	0	0
Straits	80	40	40	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	335	150	185	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	255	135	125	0	0	0
Siouan languages	4,285	2,070	2,220	90	25	70
Dakota	1,215	570	635	20	5	15
Stoney	3,025	1,465	1,555	70	20	50
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	0	0	0
Tlingit	95	40	55	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	1,480	730	755	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	880	435	445	0	0	0
Nisga'a	400	200	200	0	0	0
Tsimshian	200	90	110	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	805	370	435	0	0	0
Haisla	90	40	50	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	95	40	55	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	325	145	185	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	285	135	140	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	585	295	295	20	10	10
Non-Aboriginal languages	7,125,365	3,406,425	3,718,945	363,630	175,570	188,060
Afro-Asiatic languages	575,365	298,060	277,300	28,940	15,185	13,760
Berber languages	22,135	11,865	10,270	130	75	55
Kabyle	13,150	6,995	6,155	60	30	30
Berber languages, n.i.e.	8,985	4,865	4,115	75	40	25
Cushitic languages	42,885	20,095	22,790	2,465	1,225	1,240
Bilen	805	455	350	50	30	20
Oromo	4,960	2,560	2,400	940	485	455
Somali	36,755	16,895	19,865	1,460	705	755
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	365	195	170	10	5	5
Semitic languages	509,190	265,465	243,725	26,300	13,855	12,450
Amharic	22,465	10,720	11,745	4,045	1,950	2,090
Arabic	419,890	220,785	199,105	18,355	9,860	8,495
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	16,070	7,910	8,160	280	150	130
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5,545	2,780	2,770	80	40	40
Harari	1,320	635	685	70	40	30
Hebrew	19,530	10,480	9,045	480	240	245
Maltese	5,565	2,765	2,800	35	15	15
Tigrigna	16,650	8,310	8,340	2,750	1,460	1,290
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	2,155	1,085	1,070	205	105	110
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	1,155	635	520	40	25	15
Austro-Asiatic languages	176,725	81,810	94,920	13,365	6,235	7,125
Khmer (Cambodian)	20,130	9,270	10,860	835	400	435
Vietnamese	156,425	72,470	83,955	12,520	5,830	6,685
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	170	65	100	5	5	5
Austronesian languages	511,480	211,580	299,900	46,370	20,125	26,240
Bikol	1,790	790	1,000	190	85	105
Cebuano	19,890	7,930	11,960	1,925	820	1,100
Fijian	745	400	345	40	20	15
Hiligaynon	6,885	2,680	4,205	665	260	400
Ilocano	26,345	10,620	15,720	2,540	1,110	1,435
Malagasy	1,430	665	760	20	5	15
Malay	12,275	5,255	7,020	760	330	425
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	4,040	1,865	2,175	260	125	130
Pangasinan	1,390	590	800	125	50	70
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	431,380	178,575	252,810	39,235	17,045	22,185
Waray-Waray	1,110	430	675	140	65	75
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	4,195	1,770	2,425	475	200	275
Creole languages	72,125	32,310	39,820	605	305	300
Haitian Creole	3,030	1,445	1,590	20	10	5
Creole, n.o.s.	64,105	28,455	35,660	415	205	210
Creole languages, n.i.e.	4,985	2,410	2,575	180	90	85
Dravidian languages	189,405	94,765	94,640	5,125	2,670	2,460
Kannada	3,970	2,040	1,935	285	145	140
Malayalam	28,570	14,770	13,800	2,075	1,065	1,010
Tamil	140,720	69,080	71,640	1,805	955	855
Telugu	15,655	8,640	7,020	930	490	440
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	490	240	250	25	15	15
Hmong-Mien languages	795	395	405	90	45	45
Indo-European languages	3,877,330	1,889,400	1,987,930	175,190	86,705	88,485
Albanian	26,890	13,610	13,285	1,325	700	630
Armenian	33,455	16,270	17,185	245	130	120
Balto-Slavic languages	701,975	323,640	378,340	29,575	13,830	15,745
Baltic languages	12,530	5,315	7,215	495	235	260
Latvian	5,455	2,350	3,105	165	80	95
Lithuanian	7,075	2,965	4,115	325	155	170
Slavic languages	689,450	318,325	371,115	29,080	13,600	15,485
Belarusan	810	385	430	20	10	10
Bosnian	12,210	6,035	6,180	780	390	395
Bulgarian	20,025	9,675	10,345	925	475	450
Croatian	48,200	23,540	24,665	1,890	930	960
Czech	22,290	10,525	11,765	1,360	640	720
Macedonian	16,775	8,050	8,725	150	75	75
Polish	181,710	82,435	99,275	7,670	3,610	4,060
Russian	188,255	85,400	102,855	9,255	4,185	5,070
Serbian	57,350	28,535	28,815	1,815	910	905
Serbo-Croatian	9,555	4,565	4,985	515	250	265
Slovak	17,580	8,075	9,510	1,070	520	555
Slovene (Slovenian)	9,790	4,415	5,370	235	100	135
Ukrainian	102,485	45,440	57,040	3,350	1,485	1,860
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	2,415	1,255	1,165	55	35	20
Celtic languages	2,690	1,335	1,360	115	60	60
Scottish Gaelic	1,090	540	550	45	25	25
Welsh	1,075	495	575	55	30	25
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	530	295	235	20	10	5
Germanic languages	538,765	258,410	280,350	15,710	7,520	8,185
Afrikaans	10,265	5,115	5,145	805	400	410
Danish	12,630	6,245	6,390	755	385	370
Dutch	99,020	48,200	50,820	3,455	1,725	1,725
Frisian	2,100	1,095	1,005	35	15	15
German	384,035	183,215	200,820	9,925	4,665	5,255
Icelandic	1,285	600	685	65	35	30
Norwegian	4,615	2,170	2,445	220	95	130
Swedish	6,840	3,015	3,825	275	120	155
Vlaams (Flemish)	3,895	1,730	2,165	90	45	50
Yiddish	13,555	6,750	6,800	85	35	40
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	525	280	240	10	5	0
Greek	106,525	53,350	53,170	1,470	740	735
Indo-Iranian languages	1,312,750	664,120	648,630	86,810	43,990	42,820
Indo-Aryan languages	1,064,760	538,530	526,235	74,000	37,325	36,675
Bengali	73,125	37,410	35,720	4,045	2,070	1,970
Gujarati	108,780	55,105	53,670	5,375	2,705	2,670
Hindi	110,640	55,880	54,765	7,025	3,580	3,440
Kashmiri	565	300	265	80	45	35
Konkani	3,330	1,625	1,710	165	80	85
Marathi	8,295	4,300	3,995	840	430	410
Nepali	18,275	9,230	9,045	1,925	1,010	915
Oriya (Odia)	1,055	560	495	100	50	45
Punjabi (Panjabi)	501,680	253,515	248,160	35,585	17,915	17,675
Sindhi	11,860	5,605	6,260	1,665	780	885
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	16,335	8,050	8,285	925	450	470
Urdu	210,815	106,960	103,860	16,275	8,200	8,075
Iranian languages	242,805	122,835	119,970	11,875	6,170	5,700
Kurdish	11,705	6,345	5,355	740	395	345
Pashto	16,910	8,760	8,145	1,610	825	785
Persian (Farsi)	214,200	107,725	106,470	9,525	4,950	4,575
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5,180	2,755	2,425	935	490	445
Italic (Romance) languages	1,154,270	558,660	595,615	39,935	19,740	20,190
Catalan	865	440	425	45	20	25
Italian	375,635	184,415	191,220	4,995	2,545	2,450
Portuguese	221,540	106,630	114,910	3,360	1,595	1,760
Romanian	96,665	46,195	50,470	4,495	2,285	2,205
Spanish	458,850	220,605	238,245	27,030	13,290	13,740
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	720	380	340	10	5	5
Japanese	43,640	14,790	28,855	2,305	815	1,495
Kartvelian languages	1,715	910	805	130	75	55
Georgian	1,715	910	805	130	70	55
Korean	153,425	70,310	83,115	8,875	4,105	4,770
Mongolic languages	1,575	690	885	450	210	240
Mongolian	1,575	690	880	445	210	235
Niger-Congo languages	91,375	45,075	46,305	5,575	2,860	2,715
Akan (Twi)	13,455	6,490	6,970	640	335	305
Bamanankan	1,535	815	720	15	5	5
Edo	1,670	770	900	100	65	35
Ewe	1,760	950	805	55	35	25
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	2,825	1,495	1,335	80	45	40
Ga	920	445	470	55	25	25
Ganda	1,295	625	665	40	15	20
Igbo	4,235	2,265	1,970	680	360	320
Lingala	3,810	1,785	2,025	85	40	45
Rundi (Kirundi)	5,845	2,785	3,060	140	70	75
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5,250	2,355	2,895	115	60	60
Shona	3,180	1,520	1,665	290	145	150
Swahili	13,370	6,385	6,990	755	365	390
Wolof	3,990	2,170	1,820	120	65	50
Yoruba	9,085	4,785	4,300	1,370	720	650
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	19,135	9,435	9,695	1,040	515	525
Nilo-Saharan languages	5,870	3,025	2,845	1,495	735	755
Dinka	2,120	1,115	1,000	720	360	355
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	3,755	1,910	1,840	775	370	400
Sign languages	7,500	3,925	3,575	235	130	105
American Sign Language	2,685	1,320	1,360	85	45	45
Quebec Sign Language	695	340	355	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	4,120	2,265	1,860	145	90	60
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,269,215	589,570	679,645	68,080	32,050	36,035
Chinese languages	1,253,360	581,650	671,715	66,845	31,435	35,410
Cantonese	565,270	262,865	302,405	33,690	15,835	17,855
Hakka	10,910	4,900	6,015	340	155	185
Mandarin	592,040	274,630	317,410	28,335	13,360	14,975
Min Dong	1,230	580	650	45	20	20
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	31,795	14,450	17,350	1,675	745	925
Wu (Shanghainese)	12,915	5,780	7,140	370	170	195
Chinese, n.o.s.	38,580	18,165	20,410	2,385	1,150	1,235
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	610	275	335	10	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	15,850	7,925	7,935	1,240	615	625
Burmese	3,585	1,795	1,790	265	135	130
Karenic languages	4,705	2,355	2,350	280	135	150
Tibetan	6,165	3,080	3,080	550	280	265
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	1,400	695	705	145	65	80
Tai-Kadai languages	22,010	8,870	13,145	1,005	365	640
Lao	12,670	6,145	6,525	430	195	230
Thai	9,255	2,690	6,565	565	165	400
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	80	35	55	5	5	5
Turkic languages	40,140	21,120	19,025	1,720	945	775
Azerbaijani	3,260	1,785	1,470	240	135	105
Turkish	32,815	17,375	15,440	1,210	680	525
Uyghur	1,035	510	525	60	30	30
Uzbek	1,715	855	865	75	35	40
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	1,315	590	720	140	60	75
Uralic languages	81,985	37,790	44,195	3,755	1,810	1,950
Estonian	5,445	2,325	3,115	90	45	45
Finnish	15,295	6,395	8,900	280	105	170
Hungarian	61,235	29,060	32,175	3,390	1,655	1,735
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	3,690	2,045	1,645	320	190	130
Multiple responses	818,635	398,325	420,305	38,055	18,530	19,530
English and French	165,320	80,460	84,860	3,195	1,525	1,670
English and non-official language	533,265	259,160	274,100	33,110	16,170	16,940
French and non-official language	86,150	42,170	43,985	1,005	515	490
English, French and non-official language	33,900	16,535	17,365	750	320	430
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	34,767,250	17,101,165	17,666,085	1,226,785	612,060	614,725
Single responses	33,103,860	16,298,475	16,805,395	1,143,930	571,575	572,355
Official languages	29,106,670	14,383,020	14,723,645	931,960	468,085	463,875
English	22,162,865	10,966,135	11,196,730	924,325	464,195	460,125
French	6,943,800	3,416,890	3,526,910	7,640	3,895	3,745
Non-official languages	3,997,195	1,915,450	2,081,750	211,970	103,485	108,480
Aboriginal languages	118,470	59,720	58,750	185	90	90
Algonquian languages	75,080	37,825	37,260	125	65	60
Blackfoot	1,115	555	555	60	35	25
Cree-Montagnais languages	55,825	28,135	27,685	60	30	30
Atikamekw	5,465	2,825	2,640	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	8,590	4,195	4,395	5	5	0
Moose Cree	10	5	5	0	0	0
Naskapi	1,200	595	605	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	110	55	60	0	0	0
Plains Cree	1,350	665	685	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	20	5	15	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	330	140	190	0	0	0
Woods Cree	800	410	390	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	37,945	19,240	18,710	55	30	25
Eastern Algonquian languages	3,615	1,795	1,820	0	0	0
Malecite	55	30	30	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	3,560	1,770	1,795	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	14,525	7,335	7,190	5	0	5
Algonquin	370	170	200	0	0	0
Ojibway	6,175	3,165	3,015	5	5	5
Oji-Cree	7,900	3,960	3,940	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	75	40	35	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	10,265	5,125	5,135	15	10	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	10,255	5,120	5,135	15	10	10
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Beaver	50	30	20	0	0	0
Carrier	245	115	130	0	0	0
Chilcotin	255	125	130	0	0	0
Dene	7,710	3,805	3,905	5	0	5
Dogrib (Tlicho)	1,020	550	475	0	0	5
Gwich'in	45	25	25	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	10	5	5	5	5	0
Sekani	15	10	5	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	820	425	395	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	340	180	155	0	0	0
South Slavey	370	190	185	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	105	55	55	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	25	15	15	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	25	10	10	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	5	5	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	30	15	15	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	25	15	10	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	10	0	5	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0	0	0
Haida	10	5	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	29,490	14,995	14,495	5	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	165	75	90	0	0	0
Inuktitut	29,230	14,885	14,345	0	0	5
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	90	40	55	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	285	135	155	0	0	0
Cayuga	10	0	5	0	0	0
Mohawk	255	115	140	0	0	0
Oneida	15	5	10	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Kutenai	15	10	5	0	0	0
Michif	85	40	45	5	5	0
Salish languages	285	130	150	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	45	20	25	0	0	0
Lillooet	25	15	10	0	0	0
Okanagan	85	35	45	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	55	30	20	0	0	0
Squamish	5	0	5	0	0	0
Straits	20	10	15	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages	2,225	1,085	1,140	25	10	15
Dakota	255	140	120	15	0	10
Stoney	1,950	940	1,010	15	10	10
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0	0	0
Tlingit	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	410	210	190	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	315	155	155	0	0	0
Nisga'a	70	40	30	0	0	0
Tsimshian	25	15	15	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	75	45	35	0	0	0
Haisla	20	10	15	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	5	5	5	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	30	15	15	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	235	110	125	5	5	5
Non-Aboriginal languages	3,878,725	1,855,730	2,022,995	211,790	103,400	108,390
Afro-Asiatic languages	307,755	153,275	154,480	17,940	9,160	8,780
Berber languages	8,105	4,215	3,895	60	35	25
Kabyle	5,490	2,855	2,640	25	15	10
Berber languages, n.i.e.	2,620	1,365	1,260	30	20	15
Cushitic languages	27,095	12,455	14,640	1,640	800	840
Bilen	620	330	285	45	25	25
Oromo	3,410	1,700	1,710	700	350	355
Somali	22,895	10,340	12,555	890	425	460
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	185	85	95	5	5	0
Semitic languages	272,100	136,390	135,720	16,220	8,320	7,905
Amharic	12,780	6,010	6,770	2,705	1,295	1,410
Arabic	223,540	112,690	110,850	10,780	5,580	5,195
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10,510	5,090	5,425	200	100	100
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	3,445	1,695	1,750	65	35	30
Harari	735	335	400	45	25	25
Hebrew	8,560	4,425	4,135	240	120	120
Maltese	1,130	525	605	5	0	5
Tigrigna	10,205	5,040	5,170	2,045	1,090	955
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	1,200	585	620	145	75	70
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	440	215	230	15	10	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	115,210	53,500	61,710	8,755	4,120	4,635
Khmer (Cambodian)	10,880	4,940	5,945	425	210	220
Vietnamese	104,245	48,525	55,725	8,325	3,905	4,415
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	85	40	45	0	0	5
Austronesian languages	239,785	108,110	131,680	24,790	11,560	13,230
Bikol	290	140	155	30	10	15
Cebuano	7,210	3,325	3,880	815	385	430
Fijian	195	105	90	15	10	5
Hiligaynon	2,205	970	1,240	200	95	110
Ilocano	9,125	4,045	5,080	1,020	475	540
Malagasy	435	220	210	10	0	10
Malay	3,620	1,710	1,910	230	125	105
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	1,200	565	630	65	30	35
Pangasinan	240	110	135	15	10	10
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	213,790	96,235	117,555	22,195	10,340	11,855
Waray-Waray	310	135	170	50	25	25
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	1,160	545	620	145	60	85
Creole languages	27,860	12,005	15,850	280	145	140
Haitian Creole	1,280	575	705	5	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	24,575	10,510	14,060	215	110	110
Creole languages, n.i.e.	2,005	920	1,085	65	30	35
Dravidian languages	122,490	59,780	62,710	3,110	1,580	1,530
Kannada	1,630	825	800	115	60	55
Malayalam	15,440	7,865	7,575	1,275	645	630
Tamil	96,955	46,570	50,385	1,155	580	575
Telugu	8,280	4,430	3,850	550	285	270
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	190	85	105	20	10	15
Hmong-Mien languages	340	160	180	60	30	35
Indo-European languages	1,911,215	927,225	983,985	97,070	48,290	48,785
Albanian	13,135	6,575	6,560	610	325	285
Armenian	21,505	10,165	11,345	105	55	50
Balto-Slavic languages	314,965	149,315	165,650	13,295	6,505	6,795
Baltic languages	3,275	1,400	1,870	225	120	110
Latvian	1,255	530	725	80	45	35
Lithuanian	2,020	870	1,150	150	80	70
Slavic languages	311,690	147,910	163,780	13,070	6,380	6,685
Belarusan	230	105	120	0	0	0
Bosnian	6,045	3,010	3,040	350	175	175
Bulgarian	11,985	5,835	6,150	475	240	235
Croatian	16,775	7,980	8,795	680	335	350
Czech	6,235	3,060	3,180	395	190	205
Macedonian	6,830	3,250	3,580	80	40	40
Polish	74,780	34,910	39,870	3,115	1,510	1,610
Russian	116,595	55,175	61,425	5,640	2,730	2,910
Serbian	31,750	15,665	16,085	930	460	475
Serbo-Croatian	3,885	1,865	2,020	175	90	85
Slovak	5,615	2,685	2,920	415	205	210
Slovene (Slovenian)	2,050	905	1,145	40	15	25
Ukrainian	28,250	13,150	15,100	760	385	370
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	670	310	360	10	5	5
Celtic languages	360	205	155	15	10	5
Scottish Gaelic	185	105	80	5	5	0
Welsh	95	50	45	5	0	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	80	50	30	5	0	0
Germanic languages	146,455	71,835	74,615	2,065	975	1,090
Afrikaans	4,790	2,355	2,435	410	195	220
Danish	855	410	445	65	30	30
Dutch	9,565	4,630	4,935	395	190	200
Frisian	185	95	90	0	0	0
German	120,335	58,905	61,435	1,085	505	580
Icelandic	270	120	150	15	10	5
Norwegian	345	145	200	25	10	15
Swedish	1,045	500	545	50	25	25
Vlaams (Flemish)	355	170	185	10	5	5
Yiddish	7,080	3,695	3,385	10	5	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	1,625	820	810	5	5	0
Greek	44,545	21,110	23,440	480	225	255
Indo-Iranian languages	838,755	416,960	421,795	58,575	29,405	29,170
Indo-Aryan languages	676,185	337,440	338,745	50,230	25,205	25,025
Bengali	47,350	23,585	23,765	2,700	1,355	1,345
Gujarati	64,150	31,740	32,405	3,045	1,525	1,520
Hindi	55,510	27,805	27,710	3,965	2,040	1,925
Kashmiri	135	70	70	50	25	25
Konkani	720	355	370	35	20	15
Marathi	3,780	1,940	1,840	445	230	215
Nepali	13,375	6,710	6,670	1,330	685	645
Oriya (Odia)	470	235	240	45	25	20
Punjabi (Panjabi)	349,145	174,905	174,240	26,795	13,430	13,365
Sindhi	4,975	2,280	2,695	705	310	395
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	7,790	3,860	3,925	470	230	240
Urdu	128,785	63,965	64,820	10,645	5,325	5,320
Iranian languages	160,195	78,310	81,880	7,850	3,950	3,905
Kurdish	6,580	3,400	3,175	450	230	225
Pashto	10,590	5,305	5,290	1,030	525	510
Persian (Farsi)	143,020	69,600	73,425	6,370	3,195	3,175
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	2,375	1,215	1,160	490	255	240
Italic (Romance) languages	531,485	251,050	280,440	21,920	10,790	11,130
Catalan	355	165	190	25	10	10
Italian	115,415	49,975	65,440	1,215	535	680
Portuguese	98,710	46,915	51,795	1,645	790	855
Romanian	53,320	25,795	27,525	2,330	1,195	1,135
Spanish	263,510	128,110	135,400	16,715	8,255	8,460
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	180	85	95	0	0	0
Japanese	19,785	8,265	11,515	1,070	465	600
Kartvelian languages	1,040	565	475	80	40	35
Georgian	1,035	565	475	80	45	35
Korean	109,705	51,385	58,320	6,340	3,015	3,320
Mongolic languages	910	440	470	275	130	145
Mongolian	910	435	470	280	130	145
Niger-Congo languages	28,665	13,340	15,320	1,745	840	905
Akan (Twi)	5,990	2,695	3,295	300	155	145
Bamanankan	340	180	160	0	0	0
Edo	415	175	240	25	10	15
Ewe	410	185	225	15	10	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	825	400	425	45	25	25
Ga	250	105	140	15	5	10
Ganda	345	160	185	5	0	0
Igbo	1,000	485	510	135	65	70
Lingala	1,045	455	590	25	10	15
Rundi (Kirundi)	2,110	990	1,115	65	30	35
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	1,530	670	865	25	10	15
Shona	1,035	475	560	95	45	50
Swahili	5,370	2,500	2,870	340	155	185
Wolof	1,380	745	635	65	35	25
Yoruba	2,615	1,275	1,340	330	155	170
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	4,010	1,850	2,160	265	130	140
Nilo-Saharan languages	2,650	1,305	1,350	900	435	470
Dinka	1,130	580	550	440	215	230
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	1,525	730	800	460	220	240
Sign languages	10,445	5,870	4,570	310	180	135
American Sign Language	3,015	1,560	1,460	75	40	40
Quebec Sign Language	730	375	355	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	6,690	3,935	2,755	235	140	95
Sino-Tibetan languages	924,720	433,530	491,190	46,295	22,025	24,265
Chinese languages	913,365	427,860	485,505	45,410	21,585	23,825
Cantonese	400,215	184,340	215,885	22,025	10,275	11,745
Hakka	4,080	1,820	2,265	100	35	60
Mandarin	462,890	220,075	242,815	20,865	10,110	10,755
Min Dong	345	150	195	10	0	5
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	13,965	6,345	7,625	670	290	375
Wu (Shanghainese)	7,650	3,580	4,075	210	105	105
Chinese, n.o.s.	23,935	11,440	12,500	1,535	760	775
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	280	130	150	5	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	11,350	5,670	5,680	880	440	440
Burmese	2,245	1,115	1,125	175	90	85
Karenic languages	3,865	1,935	1,930	235	105	125
Tibetan	4,590	2,305	2,280	395	205	190
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	655	305	345	70	35	40
Tai-Kadai languages	9,565	4,455	5,110	380	165	215
Lao	6,175	2,995	3,180	180	75	95
Thai	3,360	1,450	1,915	195	85	110
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	30	15	15	10	5	5
Turkic languages	22,250	11,205	11,045	980	510	470
Azerbaijani	1,245	640	610	105	55	50
Turkish	18,955	9,525	9,430	730	390	345
Uyghur	610	315	290	45	20	25
Uzbek	990	505	490	50	25	30
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	455	230	225	45	25	25
Uralic languages	23,245	10,715	12,535	1,295	640	660
Estonian	975	365	610	15	5	15
Finnish	2,790	1,220	1,565	35	25	15
Hungarian	19,485	9,125	10,355	1,240	610	630
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	1,110	605	500	115	70	45
Multiple responses	1,663,390	802,695	860,690	82,850	40,485	42,365
English and French	160,185	77,940	82,235	2,160	1,080	1,075
English and non-official language	1,284,975	620,375	664,600	79,110	38,650	40,460
French and non-official language	148,915	70,915	78,000	370	180	190
English, French and non-official language	69,315	33,465	35,850	1,215	565	645
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	34,767,255	17,101,165	17,666,080	1,226,780	612,060	614,725
None	29,615,245	14,612,175	15,003,065	1,013,605	508,710	504,900
English	2,109,340	1,045,215	1,064,120	92,670	46,130	46,540
French	731,095	342,245	388,855	11,895	5,435	6,460
Non-official language	2,151,690	1,023,940	1,127,750	104,740	49,860	54,880
Aboriginal	90,740	42,890	47,850	605	240	365
Non-Aboriginal	2,060,945	981,055	1,079,895	104,130	49,625	54,510
English and French	47,970	23,785	24,190	640	325	320
English and non-official language	61,075	30,045	31,030	2,060	1,045	1,015
French and non-official language	48,755	22,690	26,065	1,130	535	600
English, French and non-official language	2,080	1,075	1,010	35	20	15
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	28,642,980	13,990,620	14,652,355	995,125	494,055	501,070
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	27,488,530	13,444,335	14,044,190	944,760	469,085	475,675
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,204	40,782	28,860	43,329	52,561	35,519
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	27,499,185	13,449,010	14,050,175	944,950	469,140	475,810
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,866	35,933	26,621	38,523	45,393	32,357
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	24,583,315	12,296,595	12,286,725	883,485	448,790	434,700
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,762	39,925	26,613	43,196	52,389	34,907
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	19,743,240	8,755,815	10,987,430	543,870	215,680	328,190
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	5,453	4,199	6,136	2,952	1,869	3,373
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	20,428,685	10,547,760	9,880,925	769,375	399,655	369,720
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,684	39,836	28,474	43,639	52,188	36,017
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	28,643,015	13,990,430	14,652,585	995,210	494,100	501,115
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	27,489,395	13,441,555	14,047,845	945,390	469,290	476,095
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	47,487	56,740	38,632	67,771	85,509	50,286
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	27,500,230	13,446,230	14,053,995	945,555	469,340	476,215
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,977	45,404	32,828	53,910	66,244	41,754
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	24,584,065	12,295,015	12,289,055	883,795	448,920	434,875
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,885	56,803	36,962	68,519	86,325	50,138
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	19,742,130	8,752,070	10,990,060	543,805	215,575	328,230
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,738	7,345	8,050	6,459	6,381	6,511
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	20,428,670	10,542,540	9,886,130	769,535	399,690	369,845
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,057	54,369	37,193	64,591	79,653	48,313
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	28,643,015	13,990,430	14,652,585	995,210	494,095	501,110
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	9,367,045	5,231,015	4,136,035	361,015	205,600	155,405
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	53,431	59,326	47,420	65,913	73,256	57,818
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	65,997	74,289	55,510	89,601	103,821	70,787
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	88.3	91.6	83.7	94.6	96.6	91.2
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	72.0	75.2	67.7	77.3	79.1	74.1
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	11.7	8.4	16.3	5.4	3.4	8.8
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	28,642,980	13,990,620	14,652,360	995,125	494,055	501,065
Without total income	1,154,450	546,285	608,165	50,360	24,965	25,395
With total income	27,488,530	13,444,335	14,044,195	944,760	469,085	475,675
Percentage with total income	96.0	96.1	95.8	94.9	94.9	94.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,877,620	1,668,960	2,208,655	123,335	48,650	74,680
$10,000 to $19,999	4,680,380	1,867,600	2,812,785	118,265	47,890	70,370
$20,000 to $29,999	3,807,840	1,593,335	2,214,505	107,715	43,760	63,960
$30,000 to $39,999	3,206,175	1,472,670	1,733,510	92,285	41,415	50,870
$40,000 to $49,999	2,827,045	1,376,565	1,450,480	88,695	42,385	46,305
$50,000 to $59,999	2,179,775	1,145,685	1,034,090	75,965	38,245	37,720
$60,000 to $69,999	1,655,070	938,755	716,310	62,445	33,330	29,115
$70,000 to $79,999	1,271,850	745,830	526,015	50,120	28,200	21,915
$80,000 to $89,999	966,885	579,290	387,590	40,085	23,095	16,990
$90,000 to $99,999	749,290	452,240	297,050	34,025	19,435	14,600
$100,000 and over	2,266,600	1,603,400	663,195	151,815	102,675	49,140
$100,000 to $149,999	1,493,570	1,024,210	469,365	83,580	52,185	31,390
$150,000 and over	773,025	579,190	193,830	68,235	50,485	17,750
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	28,642,980	13,990,620	14,652,360	995,125	494,055	501,070
Without after-tax income	1,143,795	541,620	602,175	50,170	24,915	25,255
With after-tax income	27,499,185	13,449,010	14,050,175	944,950	469,140	475,810
Percentage with after-tax income	96.0	96.1	95.9	95.0	95.0	95.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,004,475	1,706,825	2,297,645	126,295	49,590	76,700
$10,000 to $19,999	4,905,055	1,972,920	2,932,130	123,390	50,210	73,185
$20,000 to $29,999	4,489,925	1,926,175	2,563,755	124,510	51,355	73,155
$30,000 to $39,999	3,924,960	1,870,705	2,054,250	115,510	53,830	61,680
$40,000 to $49,999	3,144,200	1,619,670	1,524,525	107,240	53,445	53,795
$50,000 to $59,999	2,209,280	1,245,570	963,705	83,795	44,620	39,175
$60,000 to $69,999	1,540,300	912,230	628,065	62,835	35,585	27,255
$70,000 to $79,999	1,076,180	654,570	421,610	47,860	27,685	20,175
$80,000 and over	2,204,820	1,540,335	664,485	153,515	102,820	50,695
$80,000 to $89,999	688,705	444,550	244,145	36,125	21,065	15,065
$90,000 to $99,999	420,975	291,090	129,885	24,865	15,440	9,425
$100,000 and over	1,095,140	804,690	290,445	92,525	66,320	26,210
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	28,642,980	13,990,625	14,652,360	995,120	494,055	501,070
Without employment income	8,214,295	3,442,860	4,771,430	225,745	94,400	131,345
With employment income	20,428,690	10,547,760	9,880,925	769,375	399,655	369,720
Percentage with employment income	71.3	75.4	67.4	77.3	80.9	73.8
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,778,990	1,357,430	1,421,560	80,400	36,470	43,930
$5,000 to $9,999	1,602,140	697,025	905,120	49,660	21,190	28,460
$10,000 to $19,999	2,736,010	1,212,855	1,523,155	84,725	36,915	47,810
$20,000 to $29,999	2,293,785	1,022,090	1,271,695	73,195	31,700	41,495
$30,000 to $39,999	2,149,860	1,001,065	1,148,795	70,515	32,850	37,660
$40,000 to $49,999	1,928,565	946,625	981,940	69,210	33,630	35,580
$50,000 to $59,999	1,554,100	839,045	715,055	60,825	30,800	30,025
$60,000 to $69,999	1,220,310	708,270	512,040	50,320	27,550	22,770
$70,000 to $79,999	992,170	591,945	400,225	41,285	23,440	17,850
$80,000 and over	3,172,770	2,171,415	1,001,355	189,240	125,105	64,135
$80,000 to $89,999	773,755	475,700	298,055	33,800	19,870	13,930
$90,000 to $99,999	623,980	382,330	241,650	29,690	17,030	12,655
$100,000 and over	1,775,030	1,313,385	461,645	125,750	88,205	37,550
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	14,072,080	...	...	466,390	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	70,336	...	...	97,300	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	61,348	...	...	83,048	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	3,969,790	...	...	114,180	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	35,174	...	...	52,329	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,446	...	...	44,651	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	10,102,290	...	...	352,210	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	88,249	...	...	115,386	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	76,419	...	...	98,189	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	14,072,075	...	...	466,440	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	92,764	...	...	137,359	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	76,171	...	...	109,284	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	3,967,765	...	...	114,225	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	46,799	...	...	71,377	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	38,685	...	...	56,965	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	10,104,315	...	...	352,215	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	110,813	...	...	158,757	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	90,890	...	...	126,252	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	14,072,075	...	...	466,390	...	...
Under $5,000	228,790	...	...	7,095	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	200,315	...	...	4,355	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	374,575	...	...	5,255	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	565,940	...	...	9,365	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	602,800	...	...	13,760	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	538,710	...	...	10,675	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	603,480	...	...	11,865	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	606,600	...	...	12,935	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	596,110	...	...	13,220	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	578,325	...	...	13,590	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,097,345	...	...	28,320	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,010,415	...	...	28,780	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	924,320	...	...	27,950	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	836,765	...	...	27,105	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	745,655	...	...	25,665	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,561,920	...	...	226,460	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,470,255	...	...	55,690	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,016,245	...	...	42,510	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,116,140	...	...	54,900	...	...
$200,000 and over	959,285	...	...	73,355	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	14,072,075	...	...	466,390	...	...
Under $5,000	243,780	...	...	7,680	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	203,865	...	...	4,430	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	380,680	...	...	5,440	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	591,660	...	...	9,780	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	673,740	...	...	14,760	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	628,225	...	...	12,315	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	719,825	...	...	14,280	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	725,675	...	...	15,695	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	711,180	...	...	16,750	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	691,695	...	...	17,610	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,299,680	...	...	35,495	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,169,515	...	...	35,025	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,041,635	...	...	33,905	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	900,055	...	...	31,910	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	757,295	...	...	28,510	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,333,575	...	...	182,825	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,371,945	...	...	57,345	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	809,540	...	...	40,165	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,152,090	...	...	85,310	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	9,688,845	...	...	331,055	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	88,306	...	...	113,955	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	76,372	...	...	96,946	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	3,706,220	...	...	113,275	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	78,976	...	...	106,943	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	68,309	...	...	90,309	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	4,222,140	...	...	163,050	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	113,465	...	...	135,381	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	96,608	...	...	114,198	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.0	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,481,410	...	...	43,260	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	53,193	...	...	67,079	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	48,856	...	...	60,304	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	9,689,855	...	...	331,075	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	111,235	...	...	159,385	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	91,040	...	...	126,303	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	3,706,400	...	...	113,300	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	101,086	...	...	154,632	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	82,296	...	...	121,675	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	4,225,855	...	...	163,125	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	137,094	...	...	183,674	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	111,307	...	...	144,622	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,477,190	...	...	42,900	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	65,549	...	...	88,799	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	56,687	...	...	74,698	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	5,313,545	2,608,845	2,704,705	187,195	98,000	89,200
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	31,890	34,483	29,801	44,340	47,222	41,237
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	28,959	30,746	27,495	38,947	40,898	36,764
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	5,299,050	2,596,985	2,702,070	186,825	97,950	88,875
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	42,939	46,085	39,915	60,493	65,466	55,012
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	35,801	37,724	33,952	49,025	52,251	45,471
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	34,460,065	16,971,550	17,488,515	1,221,000	609,875	611,130
In the bottom half of the distribution	17,229,835	8,256,970	8,972,865	453,240	220,780	232,465
In the bottom decile	3,445,950	1,672,900	1,773,050	89,985	44,940	45,045
In the second decile	3,445,660	1,564,965	1,880,700	80,570	37,495	43,075
In the third decile	3,446,165	1,641,930	1,804,235	87,195	41,815	45,380
In the fourth decile	3,445,850	1,677,120	1,768,730	93,255	45,805	47,455
In the fifth decile	3,446,210	1,700,060	1,746,150	102,240	50,730	51,515
In the top half of the distribution	17,230,230	8,714,580	8,515,650	767,755	389,095	378,665
In the sixth decile	3,445,695	1,716,510	1,729,185	109,090	54,620	54,470
In the seventh decile	3,446,470	1,730,975	1,715,500	117,105	58,835	58,270
In the eighth decile	3,445,940	1,741,640	1,704,300	130,070	65,760	64,310
In the ninth decile	3,446,045	1,751,850	1,694,195	156,095	78,820	77,275
In the top decile	3,446,080	1,773,600	1,672,475	255,400	131,060	124,340
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	33,968,295	16,724,265	17,244,035	1,221,000	609,870	611,130
0 to 17 years	6,836,380	3,504,250	3,332,125	266,820	136,855	129,965
0 to 5 years	2,228,770	1,142,505	1,086,270	93,315	47,870	45,450
18 to 64 years	21,695,090	10,690,090	11,005,005	826,185	413,300	412,880
65 years and over	5,436,830	2,529,930	2,906,905	128,000	59,720	68,285
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	4,809,940	2,243,200	2,566,740	113,380	54,425	58,955
0 to 17 years	1,163,830	597,570	566,255	34,385	17,710	16,675
0 to 5 years	396,095	203,055	193,030	12,390	6,365	6,025
18 to 64 years	2,855,290	1,341,590	1,513,700	68,255	32,640	35,610
65 years and over	790,825	304,040	486,780	10,745	4,080	6,665
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.2	13.4	14.9	9.3	8.9	9.6
0 to 17 years (%)	17.0	17.1	17.0	12.9	12.9	12.8
0 to 5 years (%)	17.8	17.8	17.8	13.3	13.3	13.3
18 to 64 years (%)	13.2	12.5	13.8	8.3	7.9	8.6
65 years and over (%)	14.5	12.0	16.7	8.4	6.8	9.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,128,995	1,519,370	1,609,630	106,190	52,690	53,490
0 to 17 years	696,025	357,255	338,770	28,425	14,660	13,770
0 to 5 years	236,435	121,170	115,260	10,190	5,240	4,945
18 to 64 years	2,157,745	1,057,585	1,100,160	71,390	35,450	35,945
65 years and over	275,225	104,525	170,695	6,365	2,585	3,780
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	9.2	9.1	9.3	8.7	8.6	8.8
0 to 17 years (%)	10.2	10.2	10.2	10.7	10.7	10.6
0 to 5 years (%)	10.6	10.6	10.6	10.9	10.9	10.9
18 to 64 years (%)	9.9	9.9	10.0	8.6	8.6	8.7
65 years and over (%)	5.1	4.1	5.9	5.0	4.3	5.5
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485	1,221,065	609,875	611,195
Official languages	33,818,210	16,709,290	17,108,920	1,192,040	597,685	594,355
English	29,748,265	14,806,270	14,941,995	1,190,850	597,160	593,685
French	10,242,945	4,952,455	5,290,495	90,150	41,690	48,460
Non-official languages	9,369,280	4,488,185	4,881,090	459,765	223,005	236,760
Aboriginal languages	263,845	127,550	136,295	1,145	445	700
Algonquian languages	177,570	85,505	92,065	825	320	505
Blackfoot	5,645	2,695	2,950	340	115	220
Cree-Montagnais languages	116,585	56,515	60,070	395	170	225
Atikamekw	6,640	3,335	3,305	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	11,440	5,500	5,945	0	0	0
Moose Cree	195	80	115	0	0	0
Naskapi	1,465	710	755	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	545	225	320	0	0	0
Plains Cree	5,905	2,705	3,200	90	35	50
Southern East Cree	40	30	10	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	2,345	995	1,350	15	10	10
Woods Cree	2,665	1,230	1,435	55	10	45
Cree, n.o.s.	86,115	42,080	44,035	235	115	115
Eastern Algonquian languages	9,765	4,710	5,050	0	0	0
Malecite	755	370	390	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	9,025	4,350	4,670	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	46,685	22,100	24,585	100	40	60
Algonquin	2,480	1,165	1,315	0	0	0
Ojibway	28,585	13,365	15,220	90	35	55
Oji-Cree	15,610	7,575	8,030	10	0	10
Ottawa (Odawa)	205	105	105	10	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	120	60	60	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	23,655	11,340	12,320	125	55	70
Northern Athabaskan languages	23,570	11,300	12,265	130	55	70
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	210	105	100	0	0	0
Beaver	340	180	165	0	0	0
Carrier	2,105	955	1,145	0	0	0
Chilcotin	1,150	535	610	10	0	10
Dene	13,060	6,270	6,790	20	10	15
Dogrib (Tlicho)	2,375	1,210	1,165	0	0	10
Gwich'in	360	165	200	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	150	60	90	90	35	50
Sekani	185	85	100	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	2,815	1,340	1,475	0	10	0
North Slavey (Hare)	1,010	475	530	0	0	0
South Slavey	1,365	660	710	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	680	320	360	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	630	340	285	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	365	205	170	0	0	0
Tahltan	270	140	130	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	420	160	260	0	0	10
Northern Tutchone	285	115	170	0	0	10
Southern Tutchone	145	50	95	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	85	35	50	0	0	0
Haida	465	205	260	0	0	0
Inuit languages	42,980	21,355	21,630	35	15	20
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	1,975	895	1,080	25	10	10
Inuktitut	40,620	20,280	20,340	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	470	225	240	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	2,800	1,240	1,555	10	10	0
Cayuga	125	40	85	0	0	0
Mohawk	2,415	1,120	1,295	10	10	0
Oneida	180	60	125	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	115	45	75	0	0	0
Kutenai	175	95	80	0	0	0
Michif	1,210	585	625	20	0	15
Salish languages	5,750	2,730	3,015	0	0	10
Comox	185	75	110	0	0	0
Halkomelem	1,060	475	585	0	0	0
Lillooet	790	405	385	0	0	0
Okanagan	820	370	450	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	1,305	640	665	0	10	0
Squamish	285	125	155	0	0	0
Straits	360	160	200	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	450	220	235	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	565	295	270	0	0	0
Siouan languages	5,430	2,665	2,770	120	35	90
Dakota	1,760	870	890	60	30	35
Stoney	3,675	1,805	1,875	80	15	65
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	140	70	70	0	0	10
Tlingit	260	140	120	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	2,730	1,350	1,380	15	10	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	1,305	645	660	15	10	0
Nisga'a	1,060	545	515	0	0	0
Tsimshian	410	180	235	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	1,490	680	805	0	0	10
Haisla	175	65	110	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	125	50	75	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	605	285	320	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	565	265	300	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	30	20	10	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	665	310	360	15	10	10
Non-Aboriginal languages	9,107,075	4,361,420	4,745,660	458,645	222,570	236,070
Afro-Asiatic languages	837,355	432,560	404,795	40,545	21,255	19,290
Berber languages	29,460	15,745	13,715	205	140	60
Kabyle	17,120	9,100	8,015	110	65	50
Berber languages, n.i.e.	12,505	6,735	5,775	90	80	10
Cushitic languages	57,125	26,870	30,250	3,580	1,825	1,760
Bilen	1,085	625	470	65	40	20
Oromo	6,245	3,070	3,175	1,370	715	655
Somali	49,665	23,070	26,590	2,175	1,085	1,090
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	480	220	265	30	10	20
Semitic languages	771,130	400,780	370,350	37,380	19,665	17,720
Amharic	33,670	16,675	16,995	5,745	2,910	2,840
Arabic	629,055	329,235	299,820	27,475	14,610	12,865
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	19,745	9,720	10,020	305	145	160
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	7,115	3,505	3,610	90	45	45
Harari	1,710	855	860	95	45	50
Hebrew	75,020	38,730	36,290	1,550	740	805
Maltese	7,625	3,760	3,870	35	20	10
Tigrigna	21,340	10,640	10,705	3,550	1,925	1,625
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	3,220	1,655	1,565	245	135	110
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	2,775	1,440	1,335	160	95	65
Austro-Asiatic languages	224,865	105,845	119,020	17,185	8,185	9,005
Khmer (Cambodian)	27,035	12,640	14,400	1,140	620	520
Vietnamese	198,895	93,735	105,155	16,105	7,590	8,515
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	190	70	120	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	656,200	273,075	383,125	58,325	25,175	33,155
Bikol	2,075	885	1,190	165	65	100
Cebuano	27,045	10,960	16,085	2,680	1,205	1,475
Fijian	1,660	955	705	120	65	55
Hiligaynon	7,925	3,200	4,720	920	365	560
Ilocano	34,530	13,805	20,730	3,645	1,580	2,060
Malagasy	2,335	1,120	1,220	45	15	25
Malay	22,470	10,370	12,100	1,440	680	765
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5,425	2,445	2,980	405	200	210
Pangasinan	1,800	790	1,015	205	80	120
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	612,735	253,210	359,530	55,150	23,645	31,505
Waray-Waray	1,395	530	860	190	70	115
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5,585	2,540	3,040	550	235	320
Creole languages	155,615	70,545	85,070	1,665	820	845
Haitian Creole	6,850	3,140	3,710	35	20	15
Creole, n.o.s.	133,045	59,890	73,160	1,070	530	540
Creole languages, n.i.e.	16,635	7,955	8,675	565	275	290
Dravidian languages	250,180	126,220	123,960	7,020	3,670	3,350
Kannada	8,245	4,180	4,065	530	270	270
Malayalam	37,810	19,410	18,400	2,475	1,300	1,175
Tamil	189,860	94,640	95,220	3,140	1,635	1,505
Telugu	23,160	12,770	10,390	1,295	680	615
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	790	385	405	70	40	35
Hmong-Mien languages	870	435	435	85	40	45
Indo-European languages	5,158,010	2,506,455	2,651,555	231,575	115,000	116,575
Albanian	31,930	16,140	15,790	1,685	885	800
Armenian	41,295	19,980	21,315	295	165	130
Balto-Slavic languages	817,315	384,960	432,350	34,535	16,765	17,775
Baltic languages	14,675	6,470	8,205	590	280	305
Latvian	6,500	2,960	3,540	230	115	115
Lithuanian	8,185	3,510	4,675	360	165	195
Slavic languages	805,915	379,965	425,945	34,175	16,590	17,580
Belarusan	2,265	1,070	1,195	70	30	40
Bosnian	18,265	9,055	9,215	1,230	655	575
Bulgarian	22,425	10,920	11,505	1,075	575	500
Croatian	69,840	34,515	35,325	2,520	1,240	1,280
Czech	28,720	13,675	15,050	1,635	770	860
Macedonian	23,075	11,190	11,880	270	145	120
Polish	214,965	99,365	115,600	8,895	4,245	4,650
Russian	269,645	127,055	142,595	13,245	6,395	6,855
Serbian	73,775	37,040	36,740	2,300	1,135	1,165
Serbo-Croatian	11,275	5,525	5,750	565	310	260
Slovak	21,470	10,215	11,255	1,460	800	655
Slovene (Slovenian)	11,495	5,205	6,290	285	135	150
Ukrainian	132,115	58,820	73,300	4,465	2,025	2,445
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	3,000	1,590	1,405	55	30	25
Celtic languages	9,165	4,705	4,455	440	205	235
Scottish Gaelic	3,980	2,010	1,975	165	80	85
Welsh	1,690	830	860	85	55	35
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	3,590	1,915	1,680	190	75	110
Germanic languages	695,535	337,215	358,320	24,180	11,950	12,230
Afrikaans	23,410	11,795	11,610	1,675	905	770
Danish	15,745	7,320	8,425	930	440	485
Dutch	120,865	57,885	62,990	4,255	2,095	2,165
Frisian	2,910	1,515	1,395	55	25	30
German	502,730	245,745	256,985	16,755	8,375	8,375
Icelandic	1,780	830	945	80	40	40
Norwegian	8,120	3,860	4,260	455	175	280
Swedish	14,140	6,510	7,635	605	280	325
Vlaams (Flemish)	4,400	1,945	2,455	115	55	55
Yiddish	20,985	10,435	10,550	175	95	80
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	8,710	4,425	4,285	60	25	40
Greek	150,965	75,510	75,455	2,310	1,165	1,145
Indo-Iranian languages	1,658,220	840,850	817,365	108,155	54,950	53,205
Indo-Aryan languages	1,387,805	704,370	683,435	95,730	48,350	47,380
Bengali	91,220	46,935	44,285	4,960	2,490	2,470
Gujarati	149,045	74,765	74,285	8,355	4,065	4,290
Hindi	433,365	221,665	211,700	28,330	14,520	13,810
Kashmiri	905	490	420	65	45	20
Konkani	6,790	3,185	3,605	370	195	180
Marathi	15,570	8,200	7,365	1,525	795	730
Nepali	21,380	10,915	10,470	2,210	1,220	995
Oriya (Odia)	1,535	755	775	150	75	75
Punjabi (Panjabi)	668,240	341,450	326,790	46,930	23,830	23,100
Sindhi	20,260	9,310	10,945	2,605	1,145	1,465
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	27,825	13,970	13,855	1,360	675	680
Urdu	322,220	164,685	157,535	24,925	12,725	12,200
Iranian languages	281,715	142,030	139,680	13,295	6,980	6,320
Kurdish	15,290	8,290	7,000	950	520	430
Pashto	23,180	12,465	10,715	2,160	1,165	990
Persian (Farsi)	252,320	126,565	125,755	10,545	5,540	5,005
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	8,875	4,715	4,155	1,135	610	525
Italic (Romance) languages	1,897,630	898,530	999,100	65,685	31,890	33,795
Catalan	2,035	1,145	890	70	40	30
Italian	574,725	278,500	296,225	8,880	4,390	4,490
Portuguese	295,955	144,465	151,485	4,950	2,430	2,525
Romanian	115,050	55,275	59,770	5,560	2,875	2,690
Spanish	995,255	460,250	535,010	48,635	23,450	25,185
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	2,680	1,610	1,075	70	40	30
Japanese	83,090	36,760	46,335	4,140	1,870	2,270
Kartvelian languages	2,150	1,075	1,075	130	75	50
Georgian	2,150	1,080	1,070	130	75	50
Korean	172,755	80,170	92,590	9,895	4,585	5,305
Mongolic languages	2,090	960	1,130	655	310	345
Mongolian	2,090	960	1,130	650	305	350
Niger-Congo languages	177,215	88,135	89,080	11,345	5,770	5,575
Akan (Twi)	22,145	10,810	11,340	1,050	560	490
Bamanankan	3,190	1,660	1,530	15	10	10
Edo	3,220	1,510	1,705	215	130	85
Ewe	3,000	1,685	1,315	70	30	35
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	4,725	2,460	2,260	130	70	55
Ga	2,250	1,140	1,110	85	55	30
Ganda	2,495	1,175	1,320	75	35	45
Igbo	8,850	4,710	4,140	1,420	745	675
Lingala	17,010	7,865	9,145	425	230	195
Rundi (Kirundi)	8,590	4,075	4,515	170	95	80
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	7,860	3,600	4,260	105	45	60
Shona	5,425	2,530	2,905	475	205	270
Swahili	38,680	19,565	19,115	2,290	1,140	1,150
Wolof	8,240	4,455	3,785	330	195	135
Yoruba	22,420	11,475	10,940	3,265	1,670	1,595
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	40,760	20,375	20,385	2,050	995	1,060
Nilo-Saharan languages	7,015	3,520	3,495	1,655	765	890
Dinka	2,475	1,280	1,190	785	380	400
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	4,555	2,240	2,315	875	380	490
Sign languages	48,115	18,985	29,130	1,495	625	870
American Sign Language	21,930	7,780	14,155	805	305	505
Quebec Sign Language	4,665	1,665	3,005	10	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	22,275	9,835	12,440	710	335	375
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,430,440	672,100	758,340	78,975	37,670	41,305
Chinese languages	1,413,110	663,465	749,640	77,485	36,945	40,545
Cantonese	699,125	325,840	373,285	42,435	20,075	22,360
Hakka	12,445	5,555	6,890	425	185	245
Mandarin	814,450	377,635	436,815	38,790	18,285	20,505
Min Dong	1,045	440	600	60	35	25
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	42,840	19,005	23,835	2,350	990	1,360
Wu (Shanghainese)	16,530	7,490	9,040	570	250	320
Chinese, n.o.s.	41,690	19,995	21,690	3,020	1,485	1,535
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	590	250	340	15	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	18,270	9,100	9,175	1,520	735	790
Burmese	4,995	2,490	2,500	345	160	180
Karenic languages	4,895	2,425	2,475	295	145	150
Tibetan	7,050	3,555	3,490	805	405	400
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	2,375	1,160	1,220	150	60	95
Tai-Kadai languages	30,400	13,210	17,195	1,325	545	775
Lao	17,235	8,240	8,990	555	255	300
Thai	15,390	5,875	9,520	830	315	515
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	115	50	65	15	10	0
Turkic languages	60,530	31,585	28,945	2,525	1,340	1,180
Azerbaijani	5,450	2,885	2,565	350	170	185
Turkish	50,775	26,605	24,165	1,650	940	710
Uyghur	1,385	685	700	135	60	70
Uzbek	2,465	1,230	1,235	245	110	135
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	1,870	905	965	205	90	110
Uralic languages	94,810	44,270	50,545	4,540	2,185	2,360
Estonian	6,070	2,750	3,315	110	45	60
Finnish	17,595	7,540	10,050	300	140	165
Hungarian	71,285	34,005	37,280	4,120	1,990	2,130
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	10	10	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	9,730	5,375	4,355	770	435	335
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	34,460,065	16,971,580	17,488,490	1,221,070	609,875	611,195
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	32,034,590	15,799,495	16,235,090	1,074,380	538,880	535,510
Canadian citizens aged under 18	6,652,795	3,412,785	3,240,010	242,400	124,240	118,160
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	25,381,795	12,386,710	12,995,080	831,980	414,635	417,340
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	2,425,480	1,172,085	1,253,400	146,685	70,995	75,690
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485	1,221,070	609,875	611,195
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	26,412,610	13,124,325	13,288,290	812,685	411,335	401,350
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	7,540,830	3,586,495	3,954,330	382,575	185,600	196,980
Before 1981	1,941,510	927,795	1,013,715	63,985	31,855	32,130
1981 to 1990	915,555	439,245	476,310	38,205	18,155	20,055
1991 to 2000	1,486,655	696,720	789,940	64,705	30,950	33,750
2001 to 2010	1,985,035	940,570	1,044,465	126,145	61,265	64,875
2001 to 2005	928,935	439,890	489,050	56,770	27,755	29,010
2006 to 2010	1,056,095	500,680	555,415	69,375	33,510	35,865
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	1,212,075	582,175	629,895	89,535	43,370	46,160
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	506,625	260,755	245,870	25,805	12,940	12,865
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	7,540,830	3,586,500	3,954,335	382,580	185,600	196,980
Under 5 years	731,340	364,165	367,175	34,915	17,805	17,115
5 to 14 years	1,311,810	665,870	645,945	64,760	33,690	31,070
15 to 24 years	1,604,430	724,430	880,005	74,440	34,200	40,240
25 to 44 years	3,198,920	1,513,970	1,684,950	172,630	82,925	89,705
45 years and over	694,320	318,060	376,260	35,830	16,980	18,850
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	7,540,830	3,586,495	3,954,330	382,580	185,600	196,980
Americas	1,128,745	510,650	618,100	40,965	19,530	21,435
Brazil	29,320	13,235	16,080	1,420	640	780
Colombia	70,035	32,065	37,965	5,545	2,630	2,910
El Salvador	48,080	23,865	24,215	2,335	1,180	1,160
Guyana	87,685	38,940	48,745	825	410	415
Haiti	93,480	40,955	52,525	485	260	230
Jamaica	138,345	59,960	78,390	2,830	1,280	1,550
Mexico	80,585	37,530	43,055	4,105	2,050	2,055
Peru	29,615	12,950	16,665	1,075	445	635
Trinidad and Tobago	65,040	29,325	35,710	1,375	655	720
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	253,715	113,505	140,215	10,700	4,910	5,790
Other places of birth in Americas	232,850	108,325	124,530	10,255	5,070	5,185
Europe	2,088,410	1,015,145	1,073,260	72,995	36,510	36,485
Bosnia and Herzegovina	36,135	18,050	18,085	1,950	990	955
Croatia	40,045	20,005	20,035	1,225	640	590
France	105,565	55,395	50,170	1,200	585	615
Germany	145,845	69,525	76,320	5,715	2,730	2,990
Greece	62,715	31,580	31,135	890	470	425
Hungary	36,820	17,945	18,875	1,845	925	920
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	28,325	14,355	13,970	1,620	855	765
Italy	236,640	118,595	118,040	3,625	1,955	1,670
Netherlands	88,475	45,185	43,295	2,915	1,555	1,360
Poland	146,465	66,450	80,020	6,395	3,015	3,375
Portugal	139,450	68,150	71,300	1,075	480	595
Romania	90,305	42,795	47,510	4,225	2,125	2,105
Russian Federation	78,685	34,265	44,420	3,870	1,685	2,190
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	33,320	16,325	17,000	1,055	530	525
Ukraine	73,030	33,360	39,665	2,855	1,310	1,545
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	499,115	243,225	255,890	22,150	11,435	10,715
Other places of birth in Europe	247,470	119,945	127,530	10,375	5,235	5,140
Africa	637,485	322,510	314,970	39,195	20,065	19,135
Algeria	64,620	33,920	30,705	745	400	345
Egypt	64,615	34,125	30,495	2,840	1,510	1,330
Ethiopia	32,790	15,980	16,810	5,195	2,565	2,630
Kenya	27,150	12,810	14,340	2,605	1,275	1,330
Morocco	69,655	36,120	33,535	660	340	320
Nigeria	42,430	21,830	20,600	7,360	3,825	3,540
Somalia	27,230	12,070	15,160	1,340	635	705
South Africa, Republic of	44,660	22,205	22,460	2,675	1,410	1,265
Other places of birth in Africa	264,320	133,450	130,870	15,770	8,100	7,670
Asia	3,629,160	1,709,985	1,919,175	225,895	107,730	118,170
Afghanistan	51,955	26,030	25,930	3,200	1,715	1,485
Bangladesh	58,735	29,875	28,865	3,095	1,590	1,510
China^{Census data footnote 59}	649,260	290,800	358,460	34,535	15,920	18,610
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	208,940	98,020	110,915	10,935	5,310	5,620
India	668,565	334,030	334,540	44,215	22,225	21,985
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	154,425	77,970	76,455	5,700	2,930	2,770
Iraq	68,485	34,785	33,705	3,535	1,890	1,645
Japan	27,240	7,955	19,285	1,485	435	1,055
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	123,305	57,170	66,140	6,975	3,265	3,715
Lebanon	88,745	47,295	41,450	4,115	2,180	1,930
Pakistan	202,260	103,225	99,035	17,065	8,865	8,195
Philippines	588,305	247,095	341,210	51,430	22,420	29,010
Sri Lanka	131,995	64,825	67,170	1,960	1,010	955
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	52,960	26,595	26,365	2,150	1,125	1,025
Taiwan	63,770	28,170	35,605	2,185	930	1,255
Viet Nam	169,250	78,000	91,250	14,820	6,915	7,900
Other places of birth in Asia	320,965	158,150	162,815	18,495	8,995	9,495
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	57,030	28,210	28,825	3,535	1,770	1,755
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	1,212,075	582,180	629,895	89,530	43,370	46,160
Americas	152,595	72,870	79,720	8,710	4,380	4,330
Brazil	8,500	4,000	4,490	510	230	280
Colombia	15,300	6,885	8,415	1,230	595	640
Cuba	5,370	2,545	2,820	125	60	65
Haiti	19,985	9,160	10,830	140	90	50
Jamaica	12,495	6,680	5,820	430	220	205
Mexico	18,660	9,090	9,575	1,790	955	835
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	33,060	16,480	16,580	1,875	900	975
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	6,425	2,990	3,435	1,105	540	560
Other places of birth in Americas	32,790	15,040	17,750	1,505	785	715
Europe	140,030	70,995	69,035	8,670	4,435	4,230
France	24,150	13,000	11,150	270	155	120
Germany	6,300	3,255	3,045	420	195	225
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	5,660	3,540	2,120	575	365	215
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	5,900	2,735	3,165	420	240	180
Romania	7,610	3,330	4,280	570	285	285
Russian Federation	11,565	4,485	7,080	630	215	415
Ukraine	13,425	6,015	7,410	795	325	465
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	24,445	14,235	10,215	2,320	1,330	985
Other places of birth in Europe	40,970	20,405	20,570	2,670	1,320	1,350
Africa	162,800	81,545	81,245	11,590	5,865	5,720
Algeria	17,175	8,440	8,735	130	65	70
Cameroon	10,265	5,005	5,255	565	280	280
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	7,400	3,570	3,835	215	95	115
Côte d'Ivoire	6,240	3,030	3,210	95	45	45
Egypt	16,115	8,445	7,665	1,095	570	525
Eritrea	6,050	3,195	2,855	1,035	600	440
Ethiopia	7,510	3,625	3,890	1,585	735	855
Morocco	15,105	7,470	7,635	185	70	120
Nigeria	17,285	8,850	8,435	3,780	1,975	1,805
Somalia	5,335	2,600	2,730	240	90	150
South Africa, Republic of	5,765	2,935	2,830	435	255	185
Tunisia	6,700	3,475	3,230	70	40	30
Other places of birth in Africa	41,855	20,905	20,950	2,150	1,045	1,105
Asia	748,700	352,095	396,610	59,835	28,215	31,620
Afghanistan	9,240	4,530	4,710	465	255	215
Bangladesh	12,900	6,445	6,460	745	350	395
China^{Census data footnote 59}	129,020	57,745	71,270	6,205	2,795	3,410
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	4,975	2,090	2,880	415	190	225
India	147,190	75,145	72,045	12,665	6,425	6,240
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	42,070	20,580	21,490	2,240	1,125	1,115
Iraq	20,665	10,345	10,320	1,220	645	570
Israel	4,740	2,615	2,130	215	110	110
Japan	4,905	1,250	3,655	330	75	255
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	21,710	9,630	12,075	1,800	730	1,070
Lebanon	9,375	4,980	4,400	500	265	235
Nepal	7,505	3,780	3,715	1,115	585	530
Pakistan	41,480	20,530	20,945	4,325	2,110	2,220
Philippines	188,810	83,050	105,760	21,130	9,560	11,570
Saudi Arabia	5,465	2,820	2,640	340	170	170
Sri Lanka	11,495	5,190	6,305	335	160	180
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	29,945	15,245	14,700	1,380	700	675
Taiwan	4,310	1,685	2,625	320	110	215
Turkey	4,255	2,365	1,890	145	60	80
United Arab Emirates	6,135	3,220	2,910	435	225	210
Viet Nam	11,210	4,500	6,705	1,155	480	680
Other places of birth in Asia	31,320	14,345	16,970	2,350	1,090	1,255
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	7,955	4,670	3,280	735	475	260
Australia	4,965	2,950	2,010	505	310	195
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	2,990	1,720	1,270	225	165	60
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	34,460,060	16,971,575	17,488,485	1,221,070	609,875	611,195
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	8,219,555	3,936,045	4,283,505	416,850	203,105	213,745
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	6,100,725	3,053,075	3,047,650	263,750	133,320	130,435
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	20,139,790	9,982,460	10,157,330	540,465	273,445	267,020
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	5,703,615	2,709,530	2,994,085	324,835	156,910	167,920
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	2,994,130	1,496,240	1,497,885	183,995	92,680	91,310
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	1,220,755	755,370	465,380	72,950	45,695	27,260
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	1,773,380	740,870	1,032,510	111,040	46,985	64,055
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	1,782,490	728,085	1,054,400	91,920	37,580	54,340
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	858,845	453,675	405,175	46,200	25,280	20,915
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	68,145	31,530	36,615	2,720	1,370	1,350
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485	1,221,070	609,870	611,200
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	1,673,785	813,520	860,265	35,150	16,590	18,565
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	1,629,805	792,970	836,835	34,290	16,175	18,120
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	977,235	471,510	505,725	15,485	7,080	8,405
Métis	587,545	289,435	298,115	18,450	8,960	9,495
Inuk (Inuit)	65,030	32,030	32,995	355	140	220
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	21,310	10,165	11,145	365	210	155
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	22,670	10,385	12,290	495	210	285
Non-Aboriginal identity	32,786,280	16,158,060	16,628,225	1,185,915	593,285	592,635
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	34,460,065	16,971,580	17,488,490	1,221,070	609,870	611,195
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	820,120	395,670	424,445	12,565	5,675	6,890
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	33,639,945	16,575,905	17,064,040	1,208,505	604,195	604,305
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,490	1,221,070	609,870	611,200
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	727,790	356,970	370,815	8,325	3,855	4,470
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	709,235	347,985	361,245	8,080	3,720	4,360
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	573,215	280,040	293,180	5,865	2,680	3,190
Métis single ancestry	91,255	45,740	45,515	2,105	995	1,110
Inuit single ancestry	44,765	22,210	22,555	105	45	60
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	18,555	8,985	9,565	250	140	105
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	15,140	7,305	7,835	240	135	95
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	2,470	1,205	1,265	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	770	390	380	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	170	85	85	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	1,402,735	669,710	733,025	37,965	18,100	19,865
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	1,347,610	644,210	703,400	36,440	17,385	19,050
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	881,455	418,215	463,235	20,225	9,535	10,695
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	441,000	213,940	227,065	15,850	7,710	8,140
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	25,155	12,045	13,105	355	140	215
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	55,125	25,505	29,625	1,530	715	815
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	49,325	22,740	26,585	1,455	675	780
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	3,470	1,655	1,815	35	20	20
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,005	940	1,065	35	20	20
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	325	170	160	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	32,329,545	15,944,900	16,384,645	1,174,775	587,920	586,860
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485	1,221,070	609,870	611,200
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	7,674,580	3,725,090	3,949,495	441,710	217,600	224,110
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	1,924,635	977,690	946,945	115,455	58,560	56,890
Chinese	1,577,060	746,400	830,665	87,800	42,885	44,915
Black	1,198,540	580,070	618,475	51,420	26,370	25,055
Filipino	780,125	341,800	438,330	67,475	30,320	37,155
Latin American	447,325	215,460	231,860	26,210	13,005	13,205
Arab	523,235	276,425	246,810	25,120	13,315	11,805
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	313,260	148,880	164,385	21,515	10,350	11,165
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	264,305	133,475	130,825	12,610	6,665	5,945
Korean	188,710	89,110	99,600	10,635	4,970	5,670
Japanese	92,920	40,105	52,815	5,175	2,290	2,890
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	132,090	62,540	69,550	4,410	2,055	2,355
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	232,375	113,140	119,230	13,885	6,820	7,065
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	26,785,480	13,246,485	13,539,000	779,355	392,275	387,080
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485	1,221,065	609,875	611,195
North American Aboriginal origins	2,130,520	1,026,675	1,103,840	46,290	21,955	24,335
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,525,570	731,410	794,155	27,830	13,045	14,790
Inuit	79,130	38,695	40,435	550	225	320
Métis	599,995	291,310	308,690	19,695	9,540	10,150
Other North American origins	11,628,535	5,745,695	5,882,835	248,725	126,295	122,430
Acadian	119,675	57,805	61,865	1,585	825	750
American	377,405	182,690	194,715	20,455	9,950	10,510
Canadian	11,135,965	5,501,595	5,634,370	233,875	118,990	114,885
New Brunswicker	1,490	800	685	25	20	10
Newfoundlander	22,215	11,420	10,800	490	285	205
Nova Scotian	3,700	1,770	1,930	45	35	15
Ontarian	3,925	1,980	1,945	45	35	10
Québécois	194,560	99,320	95,235	365	215	150
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	1,895	950	945	145	90	60
European origins	19,683,320	9,687,715	9,995,605	703,685	351,395	352,285
British Isles origins	11,211,850	5,474,735	5,737,115	447,635	223,550	224,080
Channel Islander	3,595	1,740	1,855	130	75	60
Cornish	1,975	995	975	85	15	70
English	6,320,085	3,069,515	3,250,570	253,760	125,995	127,765
Irish	4,627,000	2,195,620	2,431,385	169,125	81,845	87,290
Manx	6,125	3,090	3,040	295	165	135
Scottish	4,799,005	2,323,390	2,475,620	204,615	101,690	102,930
Welsh	474,805	226,600	248,210	23,395	11,360	12,035
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	644,695	307,090	337,610	31,570	15,495	16,075
French origins	4,680,820	2,283,480	2,397,340	100,320	49,510	50,810
Alsatian	2,800	1,300	1,495	35	15	20
Breton	11,845	5,765	6,080	20	0	15
Corsican	1,750	950	805	15	10	10
French	4,670,595	2,278,430	2,392,165	100,280	49,490	50,785
Western European origins (except French origins)	4,600,855	2,258,095	2,342,760	220,095	108,670	111,425
Austrian	207,050	100,775	106,275	12,600	6,050	6,550
Bavarian	940	485	455	20	10	0
Belgian	186,665	91,395	95,270	5,485	2,700	2,790
Dutch	1,111,655	546,565	565,090	45,565	22,740	22,820
Flemish	11,685	5,730	5,960	475	190	285
Frisian	4,590	2,395	2,195	145	70	70
German	3,322,405	1,626,785	1,695,615	169,470	83,405	86,070
Luxembourger	3,915	2,025	1,890	220	110	110
Swiss	155,120	76,935	78,185	6,730	3,175	3,555
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	3,365	1,645	1,720	350	160	190
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	1,201,320	579,005	622,315	80,340	38,680	41,660
Danish	207,470	100,660	106,810	15,865	7,790	8,075
Finnish	143,645	69,045	74,600	4,720	2,255	2,470
Icelandic	101,795	49,875	51,915	6,680	3,255	3,425
Norwegian	463,275	223,075	240,200	35,215	16,710	18,505
Swedish	349,645	163,545	186,095	22,830	10,905	11,920
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	52,780	26,965	25,820	3,445	1,740	1,705
Eastern European origins	3,431,245	1,666,740	1,764,505	178,655	87,410	91,245
Bulgarian	34,565	16,935	17,625	1,570	800	765
Byelorussian	20,710	10,190	10,515	785	395	385
Czech	104,580	51,555	53,030	6,640	3,365	3,275
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	40,715	19,235	21,480	2,125	1,005	1,120
Estonian	24,530	11,715	12,815	1,040	435	605
Hungarian	348,085	170,040	178,045	19,315	9,480	9,830
Latvian	30,725	14,920	15,805	1,010	480	530
Lithuanian	59,285	28,745	30,535	2,225	1,065	1,165
Moldovan	14,915	7,265	7,650	905	470	435
Polish	1,106,585	533,830	572,750	48,590	23,630	24,960
Romanian	238,050	114,705	123,345	12,120	5,700	6,425
Russian	622,445	297,600	324,850	33,185	15,745	17,440
Slovak	72,285	35,360	36,925	4,200	2,175	2,025
Ukrainian	1,359,655	663,560	696,095	77,580	37,930	39,650
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	20,415	9,895	10,520	840	440	400
Southern European origins	3,012,375	1,494,605	1,517,775	83,005	41,325	41,680
Albanian	36,185	18,385	17,800	1,795	920	875
Bosnian	26,740	13,320	13,420	1,595	875	725
Catalan	1,280	740	535	50	25	25
Croatian	133,970	67,825	66,140	5,575	2,835	2,740
Cypriot	5,650	2,850	2,795	60	25	35
Greek	271,410	137,405	134,005	6,155	3,160	2,990
Italian	1,587,965	794,525	793,445	37,810	19,030	18,780
Kosovar	2,865	1,470	1,395	155	75	75
Macedonian	43,110	21,650	21,460	485	230	255
Maltese	41,920	20,955	20,965	505	250	255
Montenegrin	4,160	2,180	1,985	125	70	50
Portuguese	482,605	239,360	243,250	7,650	3,870	3,780
Serbian	96,530	49,095	47,440	3,200	1,610	1,590
Sicilian	6,940	3,500	3,435	115	60	55
Slovenian	40,470	20,105	20,365	1,600	870	725
Spanish	396,460	184,520	211,945	20,655	9,665	10,990
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	38,480	18,620	19,860	1,420	720	700
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	2,170	1,030	1,135	115	50	60
Other European origins	226,695	115,110	111,580	8,585	4,240	4,345
Basque	6,965	3,690	3,275	180	80	100
Jewish	143,660	72,625	71,035	4,220	2,035	2,185
Roma (Gypsy)	4,630	2,195	2,440	165	90	75
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	4,870	2,560	2,310	420	210	215
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	67,890	34,730	33,160	3,635	1,850	1,785
Caribbean origins	749,155	349,810	399,345	14,045	6,945	7,100
Antiguan	4,500	2,115	2,385	255	160	95
Bahamian	3,675	1,915	1,760	115	55	55
Barbadian	37,780	17,745	20,035	770	365	405
Bermudan	3,075	1,435	1,640	115	45	70
Carib	3,030	1,175	1,860	60	10	45
Cuban	29,065	13,800	15,270	790	365	425
Dominican	23,130	11,000	12,125	290	185	105
Grenadian	17,915	7,835	10,080	200	90	115
Guadeloupean	1,125	515	605	0	0	0
Haitian	165,095	76,460	88,635	850	440	415
Jamaican	309,485	145,080	164,410	6,570	3,220	3,345
Kittitian/Nevisian	2,915	1,460	1,460	65	50	10
Martinican	2,010	900	1,110	0	0	0
Montserratan	930	460	470	0	0	10
Puerto Rican	3,405	1,645	1,765	220	120	100
St. Lucian	8,985	4,095	4,890	325	165	160
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	78,965	37,325	41,635	1,915	955	965
Vincentian/Grenadinian	17,420	7,475	9,945	315	135	185
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	70,270	31,625	38,645	1,035	505	530
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	26,830	12,520	14,310	1,080	505	580
Latin, Central and South American origins	674,640	325,210	349,430	33,485	16,500	16,985
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	22,725	10,875	11,850	790	410	380
Arawak	1,440	610	830	75	10	70
Argentinian	20,680	10,130	10,545	745	370	375
Belizean	1,755	915	845	135	90	45
Bolivian	5,055	2,480	2,580	245	125	115
Brazilian	36,830	17,380	19,455	1,535	660	875
Chilean	45,190	22,280	22,910	2,915	1,475	1,445
Colombian	96,325	45,590	50,735	7,105	3,380	3,720
Costa Rican	5,535	2,680	2,855	280	125	150
Ecuadorian	25,405	11,995	13,415	420	170	250
Guatemalan	26,275	13,360	12,915	1,140	600	535
Guyanese	84,275	39,530	44,745	1,045	565	475
Hispanic	11,055	5,380	5,670	705	320	385
Honduran	10,650	5,235	5,415	350	180	170
Maya	6,285	3,350	2,940	205	105	105
Mexican	128,485	62,890	65,595	7,555	3,875	3,680
Nicaraguan	13,705	6,650	7,055	875	405	475
Panamanian	4,700	2,210	2,495	140	60	80
Paraguayan	4,325	2,165	2,160	160	70	90
Peruvian	42,145	19,645	22,505	1,420	610	815
Salvadorean	66,220	32,960	33,255	2,770	1,425	1,350
Uruguayan	6,795	3,390	3,410	120	70	55
Venezuelan	26,345	12,220	14,125	3,285	1,660	1,620
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	28,455	13,930	14,525	1,570	770	795
African origins	1,067,930	539,805	528,120	55,620	28,515	27,105
Central and West African origins	230,110	118,040	112,070	15,495	8,050	7,445
Akan	1,955	1,090	870	95	55	40
Angolan	2,960	1,475	1,480	155	70	80
Ashanti	1,585	855	735	65	45	20
Beninese	4,995	2,670	2,320	115	45	75
Burkinabe	3,150	1,665	1,485	20	0	15
Cameroonian	24,615	12,390	12,230	960	465	495
Chadian	1,845	955	885	45	35	10
Congolese	38,365	18,925	19,440	1,340	640	695
Edo	1,945	1,095	855	285	165	120
Ewe	845	470	375	70	40	30
Gabonese	1,405	660	750	25	0	20
Gambian	975	495	475	75	40	35
Ghanaian	35,495	17,720	17,770	1,690	900	790
Guinean	7,240	3,785	3,455	155	85	65
Ibo	5,315	2,850	2,470	1,055	535	515
Ivorian	10,935	5,485	5,450	135	75	60
Liberian	2,485	1,130	1,360	295	145	150
Malian	4,490	2,280	2,210	25	25	0
Malinké	1,125	585	535	25	10	10
Nigerian	51,835	27,025	24,805	7,395	3,875	3,515
Peulh	2,435	1,270	1,170	45	25	20
Senegalese	10,175	5,500	4,670	275	185	90
Sierra Leonean	2,620	1,330	1,295	215	110	105
Togolese	5,300	2,870	2,430	75	30	40
Wolof	840	495	345	40	30	10
Yoruba	9,585	5,075	4,515	1,670	920	755
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	15,380	7,940	7,445	580	260	325
North African origins	355,045	185,775	169,270	11,070	5,795	5,275
Algerian	67,335	34,755	32,580	810	415	400
Berber	37,060	19,685	17,375	340	195	145
Coptic	3,535	1,860	1,680	115	60	55
Dinka	900	500	400	265	150	115
Egyptian	99,140	51,730	47,410	4,360	2,325	2,035
Libyan	7,740	4,135	3,605	575	305	270
Maure	1,190	655	535	0	0	0
Moroccan	103,940	54,005	49,945	1,035	550	485
Sudanese	19,960	10,315	9,645	3,255	1,625	1,630
Tunisian	25,645	13,985	11,665	475	245	225
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	6,115	3,320	2,795	270	150	120
Southern and East African origins	260,145	128,325	131,815	20,325	10,355	9,965
Afrikaner	1,870	955	915	100	55	45
Amhara	1,530	815	715	220	115	105
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	3,965	2,175	1,785	185	100	90
Burundian	10,990	5,405	5,580	195	110	85
Djiboutian	1,710	790	920	15	0	0
Eritrean	25,255	12,830	12,430	3,750	2,015	1,740
Ethiopian	44,065	21,680	22,385	6,355	3,205	3,150
Harari	665	355	305	50	25	25
Kenyan	10,915	5,230	5,685	905	410	490
Malagasy	4,500	2,175	2,325	45	20	30
Mauritian	9,325	4,655	4,665	250	150	100
Oromo	3,350	1,745	1,605	675	350	330
Rwandan	10,775	5,065	5,705	180	75	100
Seychellois	1,285	575	710	25	10	10
Somali	62,550	30,215	32,330	2,755	1,385	1,370
South African	41,375	20,575	20,800	2,390	1,185	1,200
Tanzanian	4,710	2,400	2,310	440	175	260
Tigrian	2,155	1,160	995	430	235	195
Ugandan	5,705	2,875	2,830	325	190	135
Zambian	1,860	935	920	115	75	40
Zimbabwean	8,090	3,975	4,110	745	370	370
Zulu	945	475	475	35	20	15
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	17,305	8,445	8,860	1,440	695	740
Other African origins	239,560	116,400	123,165	9,730	4,810	4,920
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	30,385	14,015	16,370	845	405	440
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	212,005	103,790	108,215	8,965	4,440	4,525
Asian origins	6,095,235	2,958,120	3,137,115	366,030	179,085	186,945
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	1,011,145	518,170	492,980	46,200	24,100	22,100
Afghan	83,995	42,320	41,675	5,205	2,795	2,410
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	111,400	58,930	52,475	4,865	2,630	2,235
Armenian	63,810	31,505	32,305	960	475	485
Assyrian	13,835	7,115	6,720	315	180	140
Azerbaijani	6,425	3,230	3,200	290	115	175
Georgian	4,775	2,430	2,345	215	120	95
Hazara	1,515	810	705	265	140	125
Iranian	210,405	106,565	103,840	8,350	4,335	4,015
Iraqi	70,925	35,965	34,955	3,645	1,910	1,740
Israeli	28,735	15,065	13,675	695	370	325
Jordanian	14,250	7,520	6,735	560	290	265
Kazakh	3,330	1,615	1,710	290	120	170
Kurd	16,315	8,810	7,515	880	505	375
Kuwaiti	2,235	1,185	1,055	45	40	10
Kyrgyz	1,060	510	550	150	90	60
Lebanese	219,555	112,970	106,590	12,730	6,555	6,180
Palestinian	44,820	23,900	20,920	1,550	825	730
Pashtun	4,810	2,565	2,245	375	175	200
Saudi Arabian	6,810	3,935	2,880	155	95	60
Syrian	77,045	38,445	38,600	3,190	1,565	1,620
Tajik	2,905	1,410	1,495	170	105	70
Tatar	4,825	2,155	2,670	340	145	195
Turk	63,955	32,855	31,100	2,455	1,345	1,110
Turkmen	1,040	540	500	55	40	20
Uighur	1,555	775	785	150	75	75
Uzbek	3,920	1,920	2,000	255	110	140
Yemeni	6,645	3,335	3,305	545	270	275
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	25,280	13,180	12,100	1,330	690	640
South Asian origins	1,963,330	993,595	969,735	114,955	58,430	56,530
Bangladeshi	45,940	23,645	22,300	2,355	1,165	1,190
Bengali	22,900	11,730	11,180	950	475	475
Bhutanese	3,600	1,765	1,835	160	85	80
East Indian	1,374,710	694,990	679,720	84,575	42,715	41,860
Goan	6,070	2,915	3,155	285	145	145
Gujarati	8,350	4,305	4,050	295	140	150
Kashmiri	3,115	1,605	1,510	575	275	295
Nepali	17,140	8,715	8,420	1,880	1,015	865
Pakistani	215,555	110,420	105,140	17,585	9,010	8,575
Punjabi	118,400	61,155	57,240	7,885	4,100	3,790
Sinhalese	7,285	3,605	3,685	360	190	170
Sri Lankan	152,595	75,010	77,585	2,335	1,225	1,110
Tamil	48,670	24,845	23,825	410	210	205
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	76,400	38,815	37,585	2,460	1,245	1,210
East and Southeast Asian origins	3,163,360	1,467,205	1,696,155	206,955	97,665	109,295
Burmese	9,335	4,535	4,795	745	370	375
Cambodian (Khmer)	38,490	18,515	19,980	2,005	1,085	920
Chinese	1,769,195	836,150	933,045	102,020	49,450	52,570
Filipino	837,130	369,105	468,025	71,620	32,360	39,260
Hmong	805	420	390	0	0	0
Indonesian	21,390	9,950	11,440	1,425	650	775
Japanese	121,485	53,415	68,070	7,080	3,120	3,960
Karen	4,510	2,275	2,240	300	145	155
Korean	198,210	93,680	104,525	11,240	5,235	6,000
Laotian	24,580	12,190	12,390	815	370	440
Malaysian	16,920	7,735	9,185	1,255	570	680
Mongolian	7,480	3,560	3,915	1,065	495	575
Singaporean	2,850	1,325	1,520	205	110	100
Taiwanese	36,510	16,570	19,945	1,135	505	635
Thai	19,010	7,330	11,680	970	360	605
Tibetan	8,040	4,055	3,985	885	460	425
Vietnamese	240,615	115,935	124,680	19,425	9,385	10,040
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	6,500	3,150	3,355	305	160	145
Other Asian origins	22,745	11,280	11,460	1,585	795	785
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	22,740	11,280	11,460	1,585	800	785
Oceania origins	85,470	43,030	42,440	5,465	2,825	2,640
Australian	42,315	21,710	20,605	3,010	1,590	1,420
New Zealander	15,395	8,065	7,330	1,100	575	520
Pacific Islands origins	29,485	14,240	15,250	1,455	710	740
Fijian	19,375	9,280	10,090	940	440	500
Hawaiian	3,295	1,500	1,795	150	65	85
Maori	2,500	1,310	1,195	135	60	75
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	1,530	725	805	75	45	25
Samoan	1,100	625	475	60	45	10
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	2,335	1,145	1,185	115	60	55
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	14,072,075	...	...	466,440	...	...
Owner	9,541,320	...	...	333,250	...	...
Renter	4,474,530	...	...	133,190	...	...
Band housing	56,230	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	14,072,075	...	...	466,440	...	...
Condominium	1,874,840	...	...	104,630	...	...
Not condominium	12,197,240	...	...	361,810	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	14,072,080	...	...	466,440	...	...
No bedrooms	93,345	...	...	1,765	...	...
1 bedroom	1,925,015	...	...	50,715	...	...
2 bedrooms	3,547,090	...	...	105,125	...	...
3 bedrooms	4,836,485	...	...	163,430	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	3,670,145	...	...	145,405	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	14,072,075	...	...	466,440	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	4,068,915	...	...	126,900	...	...
5 rooms	2,177,045	...	...	71,525	...	...
6 rooms	1,981,585	...	...	67,640	...	...
7 rooms	1,790,180	...	...	58,660	...	...
8 or more rooms	4,054,355	...	...	141,710	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	14,072,080	...	...	466,440	...	...
One person or fewer per room	13,802,060	...	...	454,640	...	...
More than 1 person per room	270,020	...	...	11,800	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	14,072,075	...	...	466,440	...	...
Suitable	13,376,345	...	...	444,145	...	...
Not suitable	695,730	...	...	22,295	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	14,072,080	...	...	466,440	...	...
1960 or before	3,126,380	...	...	46,435	...	...
1961 to 1980	4,185,510	...	...	136,445	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,977,640	...	...	60,915	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,746,390	...	...	73,380	...	...
2001 to 2005	976,390	...	...	52,615	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,089,750	...	...	50,200	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	970,015	...	...	46,455	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	14,072,080	...	...	466,440	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	13,151,600	...	...	446,360	...	...
Major repairs needed	920,480	...	...	20,075	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	14,072,080	...	...	466,440	...	...
1 household maintainer	8,324,865	...	...	260,935	...	...
2 household maintainers	5,404,800	...	...	187,705	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	342,415	...	...	17,800	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	14,072,080	...	...	466,440	...	...
15 to 24 years	437,230	...	...	13,330	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,991,685	...	...	90,020	...	...
35 to 44 years	2,414,920	...	...	101,280	...	...
45 to 54 years	2,862,870	...	...	99,230	...	...
55 to 64 years	2,859,315	...	...	85,280	...	...
65 to 74 years	2,034,220	...	...	45,995	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,084,700	...	...	22,995	...	...
85 years and over	387,135	...	...	8,305	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	13,798,305	...	...	464,080	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	10,472,355	...	...	360,895	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	3,325,950	...	...	103,180	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,861,615	...	...	88,930	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	9,368,330	...	...	333,235	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	60.7	...	...	66.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	16.6	...	...	16.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,130	...	...	1,586	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,313	...	...	1,611	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	341,556	...	...	450,322	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	443,058	...	...	517,942	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,452,850	...	...	133,190	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	13.0	...	...	10.2	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	40.0	...	...	36.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	910	...	...	1,308	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,002	...	...	1,354	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	28,643,015	13,990,435	14,652,580	995,205	494,095	501,110
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,239,575	2,667,995	2,571,585	134,445	68,580	65,865
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	7,576,400	3,686,630	3,889,770	257,010	128,455	128,555
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,827,040	7,635,805	8,191,230	603,750	297,060	306,685
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,800,260	1,906,610	893,650	65,455	48,585	16,870
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	1,549,880	880,365	669,515	23,950	13,665	10,285
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	1,250,385	1,026,250	224,140	41,500	34,920	6,585
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	5,553,825	2,326,940	3,226,890	175,745	74,265	101,485
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	813,335	331,940	481,395	31,685	13,040	18,640
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	6,659,615	3,070,315	3,589,300	330,865	161,175	169,690
Bachelor's degree	4,443,835	1,967,905	2,475,935	230,230	109,110	121,120
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	462,295	203,725	258,570	17,400	8,030	9,370
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	190,925	102,530	88,395	8,655	4,235	4,425
Master's degree	1,331,045	651,510	679,535	63,930	32,975	30,955
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	231,510	144,640	86,870	10,650	6,835	3,820
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	18,931,380	9,268,555	9,662,830	720,405	359,295	361,110
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,169,790	1,200,110	969,685	58,820	32,035	26,785
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	4,494,585	2,247,020	2,247,565	157,735	80,555	77,180
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,267,005	5,821,425	6,445,580	503,850	246,705	257,145
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,042,430	1,377,775	664,650	50,370	38,010	12,360
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	1,145,035	639,785	505,250	17,770	10,345	7,425
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	897,390	737,990	159,405	32,600	27,670	4,935
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	4,241,985	1,786,065	2,455,920	141,365	60,495	80,870
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	580,885	240,040	340,850	25,545	10,545	15,000
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	5,401,705	2,417,555	2,984,155	286,575	137,655	148,920
Bachelor's degree	3,590,080	1,562,160	2,027,925	198,340	93,270	105,065
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	362,455	151,205	211,250	14,525	6,595	7,930
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	153,290	74,440	78,855	7,705	3,540	4,165
Master's degree	1,120,190	527,335	592,850	57,340	28,925	28,410
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	175,685	102,415	73,275	8,670	5,320	3,350
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	28,643,015	13,990,430	14,652,585	995,205	494,100	501,110
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	12,815,980	6,354,625	6,461,350	391,460	197,040	194,425
Education	1,060,095	251,290	808,800	35,195	7,430	27,765
13. Education	1,060,095	251,290	808,805	35,195	7,430	27,765
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	596,230	268,050	328,180	19,950	8,325	11,620
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	99,020	72,865	26,150	3,260	2,270	995
50. Visual and performing arts	497,210	195,185	302,025	16,685	6,060	10,630
Humanities	850,840	330,490	520,345	27,690	10,035	17,655
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	98,000	22,100	75,900	3,035	625	2,415
23. English language and literature/letters	178,590	52,785	125,810	6,980	1,835	5,140
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	275,525	104,135	171,390	8,525	2,845	5,680
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	4,160	1,640	2,520	125	60	65
38. Philosophy and religious studies	51,930	30,185	21,750	1,855	1,015	840
39. Theology and religious vocations	77,490	46,285	31,200	2,680	1,630	1,050
54. History	111,465	59,965	51,500	3,755	1,880	1,880
55. French language and literature/letters	53,680	13,400	40,290	740	150	585
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,761,900	586,455	1,175,445	65,540	23,280	42,260
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	24,685	5,660	19,025	735	125	610
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	182,275	68,030	114,245	8,130	2,740	5,395
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	324,660	26,065	298,595	7,730	825	6,910
22. Legal professions and studies	289,600	102,660	186,945	12,205	4,310	7,890
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	35,445	8,150	27,295	860	200	660
42. Psychology	281,470	71,230	210,230	10,290	2,320	7,970
45. Social sciences	623,775	304,660	319,110	25,590	12,765	12,825
Business, management and public administration	3,360,045	1,272,475	2,087,565	139,545	58,510	81,030
30.16 Accounting and computer science	6,190	1,850	4,340	175	65	105
44. Public administration and social service professions	237,835	48,815	189,015	6,950	1,200	5,750
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,116,025	1,221,805	1,894,215	132,420	57,245	75,180
Physical and life sciences and technologies	614,280	315,665	298,615	32,295	17,580	14,710
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	249,955	105,560	144,400	10,155	4,080	6,080
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	125,600	61,685	63,915	6,025	2,915	3,110
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	28,155	12,625	15,530	305	115	195
40. Physical sciences	179,305	122,815	56,485	14,470	10,030	4,445
41. Science technologies/technicians	31,270	12,980	18,290	1,335	445	885
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	651,480	420,370	231,110	27,160	17,580	9,580
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	514,685	356,435	158,250	22,105	15,375	6,735
25. Library science	40,820	6,495	34,320	1,460	210	1,250
27. Mathematics and statistics	86,655	50,930	35,725	3,300	1,805	1,490
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	9,325	6,510	2,815	300	190	105
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	3,327,405	3,022,700	304,700	141,635	120,755	20,880
04. Architecture and related services	114,315	72,880	41,435	5,350	3,270	2,080
14. Engineering	752,465	615,880	136,585	58,720	46,645	12,070
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	620,065	551,855	68,205	26,770	21,725	5,045
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	410	85	325	35	0	30
46. Construction trades	702,155	682,710	19,445	22,095	21,395	700
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	731,135	709,430	21,705	19,140	18,540	605
48. Precision production	406,855	389,850	17,005	9,525	9,180	345
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	339,050	219,040	120,010	9,055	4,780	4,275
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	205,930	127,925	78,005	4,665	2,630	2,030
03. Natural resources and conservation	133,120	91,115	42,005	4,385	2,145	2,245
Health and related fields	2,266,720	441,180	1,825,545	82,035	17,425	64,615
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	164,295	81,260	83,040	6,885	3,385	3,500
51. Health professions and related programs	2,047,680	329,010	1,718,670	72,655	12,730	59,930
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	54,740	30,910	23,830	2,495	1,315	1,185
Personal, protective and transportation services	995,825	507,200	488,630	23,590	11,340	12,245
12. Personal and culinary services	565,555	151,530	414,025	15,855	5,095	10,760
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	3,505	3,080	420	105	95	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	7,900	7,230	670	145	125	20
43. Security and protective services	206,745	150,540	56,205	3,285	2,220	1,070
49. Transportation and materials moving	212,125	194,810	17,315	4,200	3,810	395
Other	3,170	885	2,280	60	20	45
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	3,170	890	2,280	60	20	45
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	18,931,385	9,268,555	9,662,825	720,405	359,295	361,110
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	6,664,380	3,447,130	3,217,250	216,550	112,590	103,965
Education	727,515	160,315	567,205	26,940	5,300	21,645
13. Education	727,515	160,315	567,200	26,945	5,295	21,645
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	467,905	208,365	259,545	16,545	6,820	9,725
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	74,530	53,995	20,535	2,680	1,850	830
50. Visual and performing arts	393,375	154,370	239,005	13,860	4,970	8,895
Humanities	614,815	232,425	382,390	23,135	8,215	14,920
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	76,540	16,200	60,340	2,595	525	2,075
23. English language and literature/letters	133,800	38,310	95,485	5,900	1,535	4,365
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	191,005	71,770	119,235	7,335	2,405	4,925
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	3,140	1,250	1,895	120	60	55
38. Philosophy and religious studies	37,870	21,930	15,940	1,495	815	675
39. Theology and religious vocations	52,295	31,200	21,090	2,020	1,200	820
54. History	82,565	43,475	39,085	3,135	1,550	1,585
55. French language and literature/letters	37,600	8,285	29,315	540	125	415
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,417,625	453,100	964,525	56,210	19,660	36,545
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20,300	4,595	15,705	615	120	500
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	152,080	56,125	95,955	7,080	2,340	4,745
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	259,845	19,160	240,685	6,295	650	5,645
22. Legal professions and studies	241,170	76,720	164,445	10,610	3,525	7,085
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	27,310	6,390	20,920	730	175	555
42. Psychology	218,470	51,570	166,900	8,665	1,870	6,800
45. Social sciences	498,450	238,540	259,915	22,200	10,975	11,225
Business, management and public administration	2,696,770	1,000,895	1,695,875	118,600	49,620	68,980
30.16 Accounting and computer science	4,955	1,480	3,475	150	65	85
44. Public administration and social service professions	192,190	36,890	155,305	5,890	970	4,915
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,499,625	962,530	1,537,095	112,560	48,580	63,980
Physical and life sciences and technologies	449,870	222,120	227,755	26,200	13,905	12,290
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	195,830	79,945	115,880	8,375	3,285	5,095
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	89,205	42,265	46,945	4,955	2,410	2,545
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	9,280	3,850	5,430	240	105	135
40. Physical sciences	132,935	87,025	45,905	11,620	7,790	3,835
41. Science technologies/technicians	22,625	9,035	13,590	1,005	315	695
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	567,415	368,840	198,575	24,470	15,875	8,595
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	464,000	321,805	142,190	20,410	14,175	6,230
25. Library science	29,955	4,870	25,080	1,165	175	995
27. Mathematics and statistics	65,620	36,895	28,725	2,635	1,370	1,270
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	7,840	5,270	2,575	255	160	105
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	2,532,555	2,271,735	260,820	117,760	99,215	18,545
04. Architecture and related services	93,135	57,280	35,850	4,450	2,585	1,865
14. Engineering	612,265	490,980	121,285	51,090	40,000	11,090
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	475,045	418,595	56,450	21,885	17,690	4,200
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	350	70	275	30	0	30
46. Construction trades	515,630	499,670	15,960	18,060	17,455	600
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	540,800	523,425	17,375	15,035	14,555	480
48. Precision production	295,335	281,715	13,620	7,210	6,925	285
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	269,445	167,680	101,770	7,865	4,030	3,835
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	159,975	94,680	65,295	3,890	2,135	1,760
03. Natural resources and conservation	109,470	73,000	36,470	3,975	1,900	2,075
Health and related fields	1,749,545	342,395	1,407,145	67,250	14,710	52,540
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	129,560	63,315	66,245	5,835	2,905	2,930
51. Health professions and related programs	1,576,945	256,895	1,320,050	59,180	10,680	48,500
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	43,040	22,185	20,860	2,235	1,125	1,110
Personal, protective and transportation services	770,950	392,820	378,135	18,835	9,340	9,495
12. Personal and culinary services	431,415	114,395	317,025	12,475	4,170	8,305
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	2,725	2,355	375	75	65	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	4,425	3,975	445	75	70	10
43. Security and protective services	162,995	116,750	46,240	2,685	1,845	835
49. Transportation and materials moving	169,400	155,340	14,050	3,530	3,195	335
Other	2,590	745	1,845	50	15	30
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	2,585	740	1,845	50	15	35
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	28,643,015	13,990,435	14,652,585	995,210	494,100	501,110
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,815,975	6,354,625	6,461,350	391,465	197,035	194,420
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	15,827,040	7,635,805	8,191,235	603,750	297,060	306,685
Location of study inside Canada	13,117,190	6,299,305	6,817,890	445,270	219,840	225,430
Same as province or territory of residence	11,519,215	5,503,640	6,015,575	308,130	151,020	157,110
Different than province or territory of residence	1,597,975	795,655	802,315	137,140	68,825	68,320
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	2,709,850	1,336,505	1,373,345	158,475	77,220	81,260
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	349,540	189,995	159,545	18,870	10,835	8,035
Philippines	298,830	109,820	189,020	27,005	10,400	16,605
India	281,415	142,410	138,995	18,585	9,255	9,330
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	232,035	131,050	100,980	12,830	7,345	5,490
China^{Census data footnote 162}	205,375	94,690	110,685	11,810	5,565	6,250
France	88,860	50,400	38,455	1,175	680	500
Other	1,253,790	618,135	635,655	68,200	33,145	35,055
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	18,931,380	9,268,555	9,662,830	720,405	359,290	361,110
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,664,380	3,447,125	3,217,250	216,550	112,590	103,965
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	12,267,005	5,821,430	6,445,575	503,850	246,705	257,145
Location of study inside Canada	10,134,590	4,807,045	5,327,545	367,885	181,930	185,960
Same as province or territory of residence	8,918,160	4,207,495	4,710,665	254,900	125,155	129,745
Different than province or territory of residence	1,216,425	599,545	616,875	112,985	56,770	56,210
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	2,132,415	1,014,385	1,118,030	135,965	64,775	71,185
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	254,245	131,955	122,290	14,875	8,305	6,565
Philippines	263,095	96,025	167,065	24,980	9,530	15,450
India	239,535	117,445	122,090	16,790	8,220	8,570
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	133,655	73,575	60,085	9,210	5,270	3,940
China^{Census data footnote 162}	175,825	79,635	96,190	10,395	4,800	5,595
France	72,920	40,610	32,310	1,025	605	430
Other	993,135	475,145	517,990	58,685	28,040	30,645
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	28,643,020	13,990,430	14,652,585	995,210	494,100	501,110
In the labour force	18,672,475	9,731,830	8,940,645	727,400	386,440	340,960
Employed	17,230,040	8,923,540	8,306,490	658,130	347,640	310,490
Unemployed	1,442,435	808,285	634,150	69,270	38,805	30,470
Not in the labour force	9,970,545	4,258,605	5,711,945	267,810	107,660	160,150
Participation rate	65.2	69.6	61.0	73.1	78.2	68.0
Employment rate	60.2	63.8	56.7	66.1	70.4	62.0
Unemployment rate	7.7	8.3	7.1	9.5	10.0	8.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	28,643,020	13,990,430	14,652,580	995,210	494,100	501,115
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	9,282,005	3,930,570	5,351,440	245,050	97,105	147,950
Worked	19,361,010	10,059,865	9,301,150	750,155	396,995	353,160
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	9,626,010	5,402,110	4,223,895	374,015	215,020	159,000
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	9,735,005	4,657,755	5,077,245	376,140	181,975	194,160
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.4	42.9	42.0	42.5	43.2	41.7
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	18,672,470	9,731,825	8,940,640	727,400	386,440	340,960
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	404,350	197,705	206,640	15,175	6,980	8,195
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	18,268,125	9,534,120	8,734,000	712,220	379,460	332,765
Employee	16,073,685	8,158,745	7,914,940	632,520	328,780	303,740
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	2,194,440	1,375,380	819,060	79,705	50,675	29,025
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	18,672,470	9,731,830	8,940,645	727,400	386,440	340,960
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	404,350	197,710	206,640	15,175	6,980	8,190
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	18,268,120	9,534,120	8,734,005	712,225	379,460	332,765
0 Management occupations	2,013,370	1,251,165	762,205	78,170	50,195	27,970
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,874,305	862,870	2,011,440	126,355	40,255	86,100
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,273,660	990,560	283,105	79,675	61,985	17,695
3 Health occupations	1,245,885	244,730	1,001,155	46,840	9,625	37,210
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,138,445	672,945	1,465,495	72,725	23,280	49,445
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	557,275	255,705	301,570	19,040	8,195	10,845
6 Sales and service occupations	4,265,895	1,843,510	2,422,390	163,590	72,885	90,705
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	2,668,875	2,504,290	164,585	99,345	92,710	6,640
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	416,135	331,920	84,215	9,845	8,085	1,760
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	814,285	576,435	237,845	16,635	12,240	4,395
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	18,672,475	9,731,830	8,940,640	727,400	386,440	340,960
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	404,350	197,710	206,640	15,175	6,980	8,195
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	18,268,125	9,534,120	8,734,000	712,220	379,455	332,765
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	444,680	310,000	134,675	2,485	1,435	1,055
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	271,300	219,880	51,420	44,755	27,955	16,800
22 Utilities	136,350	100,135	36,210	7,975	5,050	2,925
23 Construction	1,365,010	1,196,550	168,455	64,960	56,280	8,685
31-33 Manufacturing	1,596,570	1,149,745	446,820	36,825	27,150	9,670
41 Wholesale trade	665,685	451,230	214,455	25,880	17,645	8,230
44-45 Retail trade	2,110,200	984,090	1,126,115	78,685	38,345	40,340
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	876,050	656,375	219,670	39,765	28,015	11,750
51 Information and cultural industries	420,350	243,650	176,705	14,375	8,605	5,775
52 Finance and insurance	790,580	327,865	462,715	26,420	11,645	14,775
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	333,305	184,350	148,955	14,460	8,245	6,215
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,335,125	740,520	594,605	76,775	44,995	31,780
55 Management of companies and enterprises	28,795	12,795	16,000	3,435	1,825	1,605
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	802,420	462,825	339,590	30,815	17,925	12,895
61 Educational services	1,346,585	420,845	925,735	45,005	14,380	30,625
62 Health care and social assistance	2,138,025	383,755	1,754,270	77,105	14,375	62,730
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	379,740	192,875	186,865	16,270	7,885	8,385
72 Accommodation and food services	1,283,725	535,210	748,515	50,545	21,570	28,980
81 Other services (except public administration)	814,695	371,880	442,815	29,960	12,230	17,730
91 Public administration	1,128,945	589,530	539,405	25,730	13,925	11,810
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	17,230,035	8,923,540	8,306,495	658,125	347,640	310,490
Worked at home	1,272,285	639,500	632,785	44,725	21,325	23,400
Worked outside Canada	78,815	54,235	24,580	2,810	2,145	665
No fixed workplace address	1,987,260	1,487,445	499,820	89,305	66,790	22,510
Worked at usual place	13,891,675	6,742,360	7,149,315	521,290	257,375	263,915
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	13,891,680	6,742,365	7,149,315	521,290	257,375	263,910
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	8,102,115	3,723,115	4,379,005	489,460	237,345	252,115
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,906,390	1,435,640	1,470,750	21,065	12,400	8,670
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,725,205	1,492,170	1,233,030	7,745	5,780	1,965
Commute to a different province or territory	157,970	91,445	66,525	3,015	1,855	1,160
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	15,878,940	8,229,810	7,649,135	610,590	324,165	286,425
Car, truck, van - as a driver	11,748,095	6,380,120	5,367,975	433,730	243,310	190,420
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	868,920	349,855	519,065	31,375	10,730	20,645
Public transit	1,968,215	846,735	1,121,485	96,510	43,190	53,315
Walked	877,985	392,950	485,030	30,265	14,550	15,715
Bicycle	222,130	146,615	75,515	9,860	6,910	2,945
Other method	193,595	113,525	80,060	8,855	5,470	3,380
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	15,878,945	8,229,810	7,649,130	610,590	324,165	286,425
Less than 15 minutes	4,449,920	2,071,365	2,378,555	105,445	48,710	56,740
15 to 29 minutes	5,314,295	2,725,165	2,589,130	256,495	136,765	119,730
30 to 44 minutes	3,228,845	1,782,680	1,446,165	161,505	91,555	69,945
45 to 59 minutes	1,391,060	768,115	622,940	50,720	27,095	23,630
60 minutes and over	1,494,830	882,485	612,345	36,425	20,045	16,380
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	15,878,940	8,229,810	7,649,135	610,590	324,165	286,425
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,073,680	781,230	292,455	40,155	27,800	12,355
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	2,814,750	1,754,045	1,060,710	123,570	74,495	49,080
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	4,458,835	2,217,210	2,241,620	179,975	93,225	86,750
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	3,349,975	1,408,710	1,941,265	108,835	51,345	57,495
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,756,265	752,940	1,003,325	67,150	29,290	37,860
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,425,435	1,315,670	1,109,765	90,900	48,015	42,885
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	19,956,255	10,342,970	9,613,285	771,270	406,730	364,535
Single responses	19,365,980	10,042,855	9,323,130	761,730	402,170	359,560
Official languages	19,090,545	9,897,470	9,193,075	752,110	397,185	354,930
English	15,265,335	7,952,010	7,313,320	750,255	396,625	353,630
French	3,825,215	1,945,465	1,879,750	1,860	560	1,300
Non-official languages	275,430	145,380	130,055	9,615	4,985	4,630
Aboriginal languages	24,950	12,385	12,565	10	0	10
Algonquian languages	14,440	7,370	7,070	0	0	0
Blackfoot	80	45	35	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	11,540	5,820	5,720	0	0	0
Atikamekw	1,095	580	515	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	2,055	970	1,085	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	370	180	190	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	40	25	10	0	0	0
Plains Cree	95	60	35	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	15	10	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	75	35	40	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	7,795	3,965	3,835	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	925	510	420	0	0	0
Malecite	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	915	505	410	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	1,895	995	900	0	0	0
Algonquin	45	20	25	0	0	0
Ojibway	765	380	385	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	1,080	595	485	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	1,140	530	610	10	10	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	1,135	525	610	0	10	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	20	0	15	0	0	0
Chilcotin	20	0	10	0	0	0
Dene	770	360	405	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	165	80	80	0	0	0
Gwich'in	10	10	10	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	135	65	70	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	95	45	45	0	0	0
South Slavey	35	20	20	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	10	10	10	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	10	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	10	0	10	0	0	0
Inuit languages	8,845	4,255	4,595	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	35	10	25	0	0	0
Inuktitut	8,800	4,240	4,555	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	35	10	30	0	0	0
Cayuga	10	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	35	10	25	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	10	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	110	25	85	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	15	10	10	0	0	0
Lillooet	15	10	10	0	0	0
Okanagan	20	10	20	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	35	0	30	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	15	0	15	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	260	155	105	0	0	0
Dakota	20	10	10	0	0	0
Stoney	240	145	95	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	10	10	10	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	25	0	20	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	10	10	10	0	0	0
Nisga'a	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	35	15	20	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	10	10	10	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	30	15	15	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	250,485	132,990	117,490	9,605	4,985	4,630
Afro-Asiatic languages	7,380	4,530	2,850	340	205	135
Berber languages	35	10	30	0	0	0
Kabyle	20	0	20	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	15	10	15	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	275	105	170	10	10	0
Bilen	10	10	10	0	0	0
Oromo	45	25	20	0	0	0
Somali	220	80	145	10	0	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	7,065	4,420	2,650	335	200	130
Amharic	200	95	100	45	30	15
Arabic	5,585	3,695	1,890	240	150	90
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	205	155	55	10	10	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	30	20	15	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	825	335	490	30	10	20
Maltese	25	15	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	135	70	60	10	0	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	65	35	30	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	8,550	3,790	4,760	790	290	495
Khmer (Cambodian)	475	230	245	0	0	0
Vietnamese	8,070	3,560	4,510	785	290	500
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	3,850	1,750	2,095	315	145	175
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	75	20	55	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	25	0	15	0	0	0
Ilocano	110	50	60	15	0	15
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	140	75	65	0	0	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	3,450	1,580	1,875	285	140	145
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	40	25	15	0	0	0
Creole languages	350	125	225	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	25	10	15	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	315	110	200	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	2,225	1,060	1,165	20	10	10
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	90	50	45	0	0	0
Tamil	2,090	1,005	1,080	15	10	10
Telugu	45	10	35	0	0	10
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	85,550	47,305	38,245	3,050	1,690	1,360
Albanian	350	220	125	20	15	10
Armenian	450	220	230	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10,075	4,745	5,330	310	155	155
Baltic languages	95	35	60	0	0	0
Latvian	40	10	25	0	0	0
Lithuanian	60	25	30	0	0	0
Slavic languages	9,980	4,710	5,270	310	155	160
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	155	90	65	10	10	0
Bulgarian	205	110	90	10	0	0
Croatian	220	130	95	10	10	10
Czech	70	40	30	0	0	0
Macedonian	95	45	55	0	0	0
Polish	2,500	1,265	1,235	100	70	25
Russian	4,850	2,135	2,720	155	60	100
Serbian	530	320	210	10	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	30	25	0	0	0	0
Slovak	100	60	40	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	0	10	0	0	0
Ukrainian	1,210	485	725	25	0	20
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	25	20	10	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	15	15	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	0	0	0
Germanic languages	13,285	7,455	5,835	80	45	35
Afrikaans	85	40	40	15	10	10
Danish	90	50	35	0	0	0
Dutch	1,165	630	540	0	0	0
Frisian	40	25	15	0	0	0
German	10,065	5,715	4,345	50	35	20
Icelandic	0	10	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	65	30	40	0	0	0
Swedish	125	55	70	10	10	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	35	20	15	10	0	0
Yiddish	895	390	505	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	720	495	225	0	0	0
Greek	1,020	545	475	10	10	10
Indo-Iranian languages	37,330	21,140	16,190	1,790	1,070	725
Indo-Aryan languages	32,485	18,125	14,360	1,650	980	670
Bengali	530	275	245	15	10	10
Gujarati	880	300	585	20	10	10
Hindi	1,405	755	650	110	50	55
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	10	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	30	15	15	0	0	0
Nepali	195	95	100	25	20	15
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	27,870	15,945	11,920	1,365	855	510
Sindhi	35	10	30	10	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40	25	20	10	10	0
Urdu	1,495	705	790	105	40	65
Iranian languages	4,820	3,000	1,815	135	85	50
Kurdish	185	150	40	0	0	0
Pashto	50	20	25	20	15	0
Persian (Farsi)	4,580	2,830	1,750	115	65	50
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	10	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	23,025	12,965	10,060	840	405	435
Catalan	30	10	20	0	0	0
Italian	1,705	895	805	10	10	0
Portuguese	7,490	4,795	2,695	90	45	45
Romanian	745	365	380	50	35	15
Spanish	13,030	6,885	6,145	690	320	370
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0	0	0
Japanese	3,255	1,195	2,065	95	35	60
Kartvelian languages	30	10	20	0	0	0
Georgian	30	10	20	0	0	0
Korean	12,150	6,260	5,885	470	195	280
Mongolic languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	235	120	115	25	10	20
Akan (Twi)	25	10	20	0	0	0
Bamanankan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	20	10	10	0	0	0
Igbo	10	10	0	0	0	0
Lingala	10	0	10	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25	0	15	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	80	50	30	20	10	15
Wolof	10	0	10	0	0	0
Yoruba	15	0	15	10	0	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30	20	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	1,920	740	1,180	55	20	35
American Sign Language	1,145	340	810	25	10	20
Quebec Sign Language	135	15	115	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	640	390	255	30	15	15
Sino-Tibetan languages	122,880	65,030	57,850	4,365	2,330	2,035
Chinese languages	122,610	64,880	57,730	4,330	2,310	2,015
Cantonese	58,815	30,485	28,340	2,830	1,465	1,365
Hakka	70	25	45	0	0	0
Mandarin	60,090	32,430	27,665	1,360	770	590
Min Dong	25	15	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	565	335	225	15	0	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	105	65	45	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	2,930	1,530	1,405	125	75	50
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	270	155	115	35	20	15
Burmese	75	35	35	15	10	0
Karenic languages	135	75	55	15	10	0
Tibetan	50	30	20	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	10	10	0
Tai-Kadai languages	675	270	405	10	10	0
Lao	150	70	80	0	0	0
Thai	525	205	325	10	10	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	750	475	275	25	10	10
Azerbaijani	30	20	0	0	0	0
Turkish	685	435	255	20	10	10
Uyghur	15	15	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	15	10	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	595	270	325	45	30	15
Estonian	50	15	40	0	0	0
Finnish	105	40	65	0	0	0
Hungarian	435	225	215	40	35	15
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	80	45	35	10	0	0
Multiple responses	590,270	300,115	290,155	9,535	4,560	4,975
English and French	412,680	211,095	201,585	1,525	615	910
English and non-official language	154,285	77,870	76,420	7,865	3,875	3,985
French and non-official language	7,830	3,595	4,235	20	10	15
English, French and non-official language	15,475	7,565	7,915	130	65	70
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	19,956,250	10,342,970	9,613,290	771,265	406,730	364,535
None	17,456,725	9,056,235	8,400,490	735,050	388,360	346,690
English	1,259,225	661,460	597,765	4,985	2,355	2,630
French	705,780	349,035	356,745	7,140	3,250	3,890
Non-official language	496,565	257,455	239,105	23,465	12,445	11,025
Aboriginal	37,615	17,215	20,400	75	20	60
Non-Aboriginal	458,945	240,245	218,710	23,390	12,425	10,960
English and French	2,535	1,200	1,335	25	10	15
English and non-official language	18,040	8,765	9,280	110	50	55
French and non-official language	17,265	8,730	8,540	495	265	230
English, French and non-official language	115	90	30	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	34,091,785	16,783,745	17,308,035	1,205,770	601,970	603,795
Non-movers	29,644,795	14,593,190	15,051,605	1,014,540	505,275	509,265
Movers	4,446,990	2,190,555	2,256,435	191,230	96,700	94,530
Non-migrants	2,623,515	1,292,750	1,330,760	142,630	72,720	69,910
Migrants	1,823,475	897,805	925,670	48,595	23,975	24,625
Internal migrants	1,451,005	713,060	737,945	28,020	13,785	14,235
Intraprovincial migrants	1,189,525	580,895	608,630	13,535	6,780	6,755
Interprovincial migrants	261,475	132,160	129,315	14,490	7,005	7,480
External migrants	372,475	184,745	187,730	20,575	10,185	10,390
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	32,568,560	16,004,315	16,564,245	1,143,585	569,985	573,595
Non-movers	20,134,760	9,902,645	10,232,115	615,955	305,415	310,540
Movers	12,433,805	6,101,675	6,332,130	527,630	264,575	263,060
Non-migrants	6,755,630	3,314,730	3,440,905	330,990	167,285	163,700
Migrants	5,678,175	2,786,945	2,891,230	196,640	97,285	99,355
Internal migrants	4,296,720	2,104,325	2,192,395	109,560	54,755	54,805
Intraprovincial migrants	3,467,670	1,689,950	1,777,720	40,130	20,085	20,050
Interprovincial migrants	829,045	414,375	414,670	69,425	34,670	34,755
External migrants	1,381,460	682,625	698,835	87,080	42,525	44,555

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

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Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

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Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

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Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

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Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

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Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

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Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

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Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

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Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

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Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

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Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

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Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

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Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

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Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

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Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

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Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

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Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Canada [Country] and Calgary [Population centre], Alberta (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 17, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Canada [Country] and Calgary [Population centre], Alberta

Census Profile, 2016 Census Canada [Country] and Calgary [Population centre], Alberta

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Canada [Country] and Calgary [Population centre], Alberta