Census Profile, 2016 Census
Canada [Country] and Toronto [Population centre], Ontario

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Canada [Country]			Toronto Ontario [Population centre]
	Data quality , Canada [Country] Map : Canada [Country] Change geography 1			Data quality : Toronto [Population centre], Ontario Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	35,151,728	...	...	5,429,524	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	33,476,688	...	...	5,144,412^r	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	5.0	...	...	5.5	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	15,412,443	...	...	2,059,207	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	14,072,079	...	...	1,967,380	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	3.9	...	...	3,028.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	8,965,588.85	...	...	1,792.99	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	35,151,730	17,264,200	17,887,530	5,429,540	2,630,030	2,799,510
0 to 14 years	5,839,565	2,992,920	2,846,645	886,880	455,160	431,725
0 to 4 years	1,898,790	973,030	925,760	279,435	143,100	136,330
5 to 9 years	2,018,130	1,034,685	983,445	303,845	155,985	147,855
10 to 14 years	1,922,645	985,200	937,445	303,605	156,065	147,540
15 to 64 years	23,376,530	11,576,130	11,800,400	3,752,140	1,824,300	1,927,840
15 to 19 years	2,026,160	1,039,215	986,940	333,875	171,965	161,915
20 to 24 years	2,242,690	1,144,495	1,098,200	383,245	195,315	187,930
25 to 29 years	2,285,990	1,144,470	1,141,515	398,310	196,715	201,595
30 to 34 years	2,329,395	1,148,290	1,181,110	388,955	187,000	201,955
35 to 39 years	2,288,365	1,118,635	1,169,730	371,100	174,030	197,075
40 to 44 years	2,255,135	1,104,440	1,150,695	377,095	177,105	199,985
45 to 49 years	2,359,965	1,157,760	1,202,210	401,610	191,170	210,440
50 to 54 years	2,678,075	1,318,755	1,359,320	419,655	204,850	214,810
55 to 59 years	2,620,240	1,285,190	1,335,055	372,655	180,855	191,795
60 to 64 years	2,290,510	1,114,885	1,175,630	305,640	145,295	160,345
65 years and over	5,935,630	2,695,150	3,240,485	790,515	350,565	439,945
65 to 69 years	1,972,480	953,075	1,019,405	257,495	121,000	136,495
70 to 74 years	1,420,875	677,975	742,900	180,655	83,640	97,015
75 to 79 years	1,021,850	469,550	552,300	140,090	62,395	77,705
80 to 84 years	749,650	325,765	423,880	104,975	45,295	59,685
85 years and over	770,780	268,790	501,990	107,290	38,240	69,050
85 to 89 years	482,525	185,535	296,990	67,280	26,150	41,130
90 to 94 years	223,510	68,675	154,835	31,290	9,890	21,400
95 to 99 years	56,525	13,240	43,280	7,520	1,985	5,540
100 years and over	8,230	1,340	6,890	1,195	220	980
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.6	17.3	15.9	16.3	17.3	15.4
15 to 64 years	66.5	67.1	66.0	69.1	69.4	68.9
65 years and over	16.9	15.6	18.1	14.6	13.3	15.7
85 years and over	2.2	1.6	2.8	2.0	1.5	2.5
Average age of the population	41.0	40.1	41.9	39.8	38.7	40.7
Median age of the population	41.2	40.2	42.2	39.4	38.1	40.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	14,072,080	...	...	1,967,380	...	...
Single-detached house	7,541,495	...	...	721,585	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,391,040	...	...	622,945	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	4,949,795	...	...	622,360	...	...
Semi-detached house	698,800	...	...	148,745	...	...
Row house	891,305	...	...	178,590	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	784,300	...	...	85,880	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,539,390	...	...	205,820	...	...
Other single-attached house	36,005	...	...	3,320	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	189,755	...	...	495	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	14,072,080	...	...	1,967,380	...	...
1 person	3,969,790	...	...	492,315	...	...
2 persons	4,834,605	...	...	547,370	...	...
3 persons	2,140,640	...	...	343,060	...	...
4 persons	1,946,275	...	...	340,325	...	...
5 or more persons	1,180,770	...	...	244,310	...	...
Number of persons in private households	34,460,060	...	...	5,370,520	...	...
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.7	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	29,312,160	14,271,280	15,040,885	4,542,655	2,174,870	2,367,785
Married or living common law	16,893,720	8,452,135	8,441,585	2,503,410	1,251,495	1,251,915
Married	13,383,455	6,693,465	6,689,990	2,243,340	1,119,090	1,124,250
Living common law	3,510,265	1,758,670	1,751,590	260,075	132,405	127,665
Not married and not living common law	12,418,440	5,819,140	6,599,300	2,039,245	923,375	1,115,870
Never married	8,254,340	4,444,425	3,809,915	1,439,665	744,990	694,675
Separated	718,295	309,905	408,400	119,725	46,900	72,830
Divorced	1,816,005	725,535	1,090,470	253,000	90,060	162,945
Widowed	1,629,800	339,280	1,290,525	226,850	41,430	185,420
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	9,840,730	...	...	1,481,755	...	...
2 persons	5,007,790	...	...	623,865	...	...
3 persons	2,107,830	...	...	365,285	...	...
4 persons	1,909,935	...	...	353,935	...	...
5 or more persons	815,170	...	...	138,675	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	9,840,730	...	...	1,481,755	...	...
Total couple families	8,227,925	...	...	1,208,530	...	...
Married couples	6,474,005	...	...	1,078,590	...	...
Common-law couples	1,753,920	...	...	129,945	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	1,612,805	...	...	273,230	...	...
Female parent	1,262,340	...	...	227,295	...	...
Male parent	350,465	...	...	45,930	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	8,227,925	...	...	1,208,530	...	...
Couples without children	4,024,305	...	...	461,640	...	...
Couples with children	4,203,615	...	...	746,890	...	...
1 child	1,650,165	...	...	286,260	...	...
2 children	1,783,080	...	...	330,465	...	...
3 or more children	770,375	...	...	130,170	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	1,612,805	...	...	273,225	...	...
1 child	983,485	...	...	162,225	...	...
2 children	457,670	...	...	79,025	...	...
3 or more children	171,655	...	...	31,980	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	6,107,260	2,941,395	3,165,865	875,705	394,065	481,640
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	14,072,075	...	...	1,967,380	...	...
One-census-family households	9,218,225	...	...	1,299,140	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	3,782,095	...	...	391,905	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	5,436,135	...	...	907,235	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	301,715	...	...	87,660	...	...
Non-census-family households	4,552,135	...	...	580,575	...	...
One-person households	3,969,790	...	...	492,310	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	582,350	...	...	88,265	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	34,767,255	17,101,170	17,666,080	5,389,435	2,613,915	2,775,520
English only	23,757,525	11,838,075	11,919,455	4,700,275	2,324,460	2,375,810
French only	4,144,685	1,925,845	2,218,840	4,635	1,940	2,695
English and French	6,216,065	3,071,325	3,144,740	431,595	187,195	244,400
Neither English nor French	648,970	265,920	383,045	252,930	100,320	152,610
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	34,767,250	17,101,165	17,666,085	5,389,435	2,613,915	2,775,520
English	26,007,500	12,852,330	13,155,165	5,023,255	2,461,895	2,561,360
French	7,705,755	3,780,105	3,925,650	66,870	30,880	35,990
English and French	417,485	209,130	208,355	49,885	22,535	27,355
Neither English nor French	636,515	259,600	376,910	249,425	98,610	150,810
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	7,914,495	3,884,670	4,029,825	91,815	42,145	49,670
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	22.8	22.7	22.8	1.7	1.6	1.8
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	34,767,255	17,101,170	17,666,085	5,389,435	2,613,915	2,775,520
Single responses	33,948,620	16,702,840	17,245,775	5,163,885	2,504,960	2,658,915
Official languages	26,627,555	13,201,620	13,425,940	2,749,615	1,362,280	1,387,335
English	19,460,850	9,680,125	9,780,725	2,690,050	1,334,640	1,355,410
French	7,166,705	3,521,495	3,645,215	59,565	27,640	31,930
Non-official languages	7,321,065	3,501,220	3,819,840	2,414,265	1,142,680	1,271,580
Aboriginal languages	195,700	94,795	100,900	530	235	295
Algonquian languages	130,450	62,930	67,520	365	160	200
Blackfoot	2,815	1,325	1,490	10	5	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	88,445	42,920	45,530	100	35	65
Atikamekw	6,150	3,135	3,015	5	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	10,230	4,885	5,350	0	0	0
Moose Cree	100	50	55	10	5	5
Naskapi	1,205	590	620	5	0	5
Northern East Cree	315	125	190	5	0	0
Plains Cree	3,065	1,360	1,710	5	0	5
Southern East Cree	45	20	25	0	0	5
Swampy Cree	1,440	585	850	25	5	15
Woods Cree	1,840	865	975	5	5	0
Cree, n.o.s.	64,050	31,305	32,745	50	15	35
Eastern Algonquian languages	6,990	3,310	3,680	30	10	15
Malecite	305	140	160	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	6,690	3,170	3,520	25	10	15
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	32,150	15,350	16,800	225	105	120
Algonquin	1,260	590	670	5	0	5
Ojibway	17,890	8,440	9,450	195	95	100
Oji-Cree	12,855	6,260	6,595	10	5	5
Ottawa (Odawa)	150	65	85	10	0	10
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	45	25	20	5	0	0
Athabaskan languages	17,365	8,325	9,045	25	10	15
Northern Athabaskan languages	17,315	8,310	9,010	20	5	10
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	110	55	60	0	0	0
Beaver	190	85	105	0	0	0
Carrier	1,025	465	565	5	5	0
Chilcotin	660	295	360	0	0	0
Dene	10,700	5,185	5,515	5	5	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	1,645	840	815	0	5	0
Gwich'in	260	110	145	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	80	25	50	10	5	0
Sekani	90	45	45	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	1,995	950	1,045	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	765	365	400	0	0	0
South Slavey	945	455	495	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	280	130	150	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	270	135	140	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	180	90	90	0	0	0
Tahltan	95	40	50	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	290	120	170	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	215	90	135	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	70	30	40	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	50	20	35	5	0	0
Haida	75	35	40	5	0	0
Inuit languages	36,545	18,100	18,445	35	15	25
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	1,025	445	575	0	0	0
Inuktitut	35,215	17,530	17,680	30	15	20
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	315	125	185	0	0	5
Iroquoian languages	1,115	485	635	20	5	15
Cayuga	45	20	20	0	0	0
Mohawk	980	430	555	15	5	10
Oneida	55	20	40	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	0	0	0
Kutenai	105	55	55	0	0	0
Michif	465	230	235	5	0	5
Salish languages	2,305	1,130	1,180	0	5	0
Comox	80	45	40	0	0	0
Halkomelem	475	225	245	0	0	5
Lillooet	315	155	155	0	0	0
Okanagan	270	135	135	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	445	225	220	0	0	0
Squamish	40	20	20	0	0	0
Straits	80	40	40	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	335	150	185	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	255	135	125	0	0	0
Siouan languages	4,285	2,070	2,220	0	5	0
Dakota	1,215	570	635	0	0	0
Stoney	3,025	1,465	1,555	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	0	0	0
Tlingit	95	40	55	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	1,480	730	755	5	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	880	435	445	0	0	0
Nisga'a	400	200	200	0	0	0
Tsimshian	200	90	110	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	805	370	435	0	0	0
Haisla	90	40	50	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	95	40	55	5	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	325	145	185	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	285	135	140	0	5	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	585	295	295	75	40	40
Non-Aboriginal languages	7,125,365	3,406,425	3,718,945	2,413,740	1,142,445	1,271,290
Afro-Asiatic languages	575,365	298,060	277,300	134,720	67,180	67,540
Berber languages	22,135	11,865	10,270	210	120	85
Kabyle	13,150	6,995	6,155	100	50	45
Berber languages, n.i.e.	8,985	4,865	4,115	110	70	40
Cushitic languages	42,885	20,095	22,790	14,355	6,170	8,185
Bilen	805	455	350	75	45	35
Oromo	4,960	2,560	2,400	1,000	490	515
Somali	36,755	16,895	19,865	13,210	5,605	7,610
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	365	195	170	60	35	25
Semitic languages	509,190	265,465	243,725	119,800	60,705	59,100
Amharic	22,465	10,720	11,745	7,410	3,350	4,060
Arabic	419,890	220,785	199,105	81,030	41,680	39,345
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	16,070	7,910	8,160	9,715	4,745	4,970
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5,545	2,780	2,770	1,760	880	875
Harari	1,320	635	685	925	440	485
Hebrew	19,530	10,480	9,045	10,220	5,460	4,760
Maltese	5,565	2,765	2,800	3,225	1,585	1,640
Tigrigna	16,650	8,310	8,340	4,690	2,145	2,545
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	2,155	1,085	1,070	835	415	415
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	1,155	635	520	355	185	170
Austro-Asiatic languages	176,725	81,810	94,920	49,620	22,650	26,970
Khmer (Cambodian)	20,130	9,270	10,860	2,850	1,285	1,570
Vietnamese	156,425	72,470	83,955	46,705	21,345	25,365
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	170	65	100	60	25	40
Austronesian languages	511,480	211,580	299,900	156,930	62,290	94,640
Bikol	1,790	790	1,000	455	200	255
Cebuano	19,890	7,930	11,960	4,960	1,980	2,980
Fijian	745	400	345	55	25	25
Hiligaynon	6,885	2,680	4,205	2,260	865	1,390
Ilocano	26,345	10,620	15,720	9,290	3,630	5,660
Malagasy	1,430	665	760	25	10	15
Malay	12,275	5,255	7,020	4,235	1,910	2,325
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	4,040	1,865	2,175	1,245	560	685
Pangasinan	1,390	590	800	455	185	270
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	431,380	178,575	252,810	132,655	52,415	80,230
Waray-Waray	1,110	430	675	310	100	205
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	4,195	1,770	2,425	995	400	595
Creole languages	72,125	32,310	39,820	5,370	2,505	2,870
Haitian Creole	3,030	1,445	1,590	200	95	105
Creole, n.o.s.	64,105	28,455	35,660	3,300	1,555	1,750
Creole languages, n.i.e.	4,985	2,410	2,575	1,870	850	1,015
Dravidian languages	189,405	94,765	94,640	128,815	63,390	65,420
Kannada	3,970	2,040	1,935	1,955	980	975
Malayalam	28,570	14,770	13,800	12,100	6,220	5,880
Tamil	140,720	69,080	71,640	105,815	51,355	54,455
Telugu	15,655	8,640	7,020	8,680	4,710	3,970
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	490	240	250	265	125	135
Hmong-Mien languages	795	395	405	25	10	15
Indo-European languages	3,877,330	1,889,400	1,987,930	1,297,780	627,740	670,040
Albanian	26,890	13,610	13,285	12,905	6,435	6,470
Armenian	33,455	16,270	17,185	12,190	5,880	6,310
Balto-Slavic languages	701,975	323,640	378,340	247,160	113,045	134,115
Baltic languages	12,530	5,315	7,215	5,180	2,060	3,120
Latvian	5,455	2,350	3,105	2,130	855	1,280
Lithuanian	7,075	2,965	4,115	3,045	1,210	1,840
Slavic languages	689,450	318,325	371,115	241,985	110,985	131,000
Belarusan	810	385	430	350	165	185
Bosnian	12,210	6,035	6,180	2,655	1,285	1,365
Bulgarian	20,025	9,675	10,345	6,735	3,245	3,490
Croatian	48,200	23,540	24,665	14,560	6,925	7,640
Czech	22,290	10,525	11,765	4,455	2,075	2,380
Macedonian	16,775	8,050	8,725	11,265	5,345	5,920
Polish	181,710	82,435	99,275	64,390	29,060	35,330
Russian	188,255	85,400	102,855	80,190	36,365	43,825
Serbian	57,350	28,535	28,815	20,780	10,105	10,675
Serbo-Croatian	9,555	4,565	4,985	2,355	1,100	1,255
Slovak	17,580	8,075	9,510	4,910	2,285	2,625
Slovene (Slovenian)	9,790	4,415	5,370	3,385	1,465	1,915
Ukrainian	102,485	45,440	57,040	25,480	11,325	14,155
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	2,415	1,255	1,165	465	240	230
Celtic languages	2,690	1,335	1,360	410	190	220
Scottish Gaelic	1,090	540	550	150	65	80
Welsh	1,075	495	575	125	50	75
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	530	295	235	135	70	60
Germanic languages	538,765	258,410	280,350	39,530	17,780	21,745
Afrikaans	10,265	5,115	5,145	885	430	455
Danish	12,630	6,245	6,390	1,270	565	705
Dutch	99,020	48,200	50,820	6,765	3,165	3,600
Frisian	2,100	1,095	1,005	100	45	55
German	384,035	183,215	200,820	25,400	11,270	14,130
Icelandic	1,285	600	685	85	40	40
Norwegian	4,615	2,170	2,445	345	155	190
Swedish	6,840	3,015	3,825	1,045	445	595
Vlaams (Flemish)	3,895	1,730	2,165	250	90	155
Yiddish	13,555	6,750	6,800	3,335	1,545	1,795
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	525	280	240	45	20	25
Greek	106,525	53,350	53,170	39,575	19,195	20,380
Indo-Iranian languages	1,312,750	664,120	648,630	567,140	285,560	281,580
Indo-Aryan languages	1,064,760	538,530	526,235	456,675	230,085	226,585
Bengali	73,125	37,410	35,720	37,850	19,030	18,815
Gujarati	108,780	55,105	53,670	62,495	31,320	31,175
Hindi	110,640	55,880	54,765	46,605	23,420	23,190
Kashmiri	565	300	265	260	135	125
Konkani	3,330	1,625	1,710	2,105	995	1,110
Marathi	8,295	4,300	3,995	4,350	2,215	2,140
Nepali	18,275	9,230	9,045	4,605	2,315	2,290
Oriya (Odia)	1,055	560	495	570	310	265
Punjabi (Panjabi)	501,680	253,515	248,160	165,565	84,145	81,415
Sindhi	11,860	5,605	6,260	5,585	2,605	2,980
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	16,335	8,050	8,285	7,580	3,660	3,920
Urdu	210,815	106,960	103,860	119,105	59,940	59,165
Iranian languages	242,805	122,835	119,970	108,615	54,495	54,125
Kurdish	11,705	6,345	5,355	2,710	1,515	1,195
Pashto	16,910	8,760	8,145	7,425	3,820	3,605
Persian (Farsi)	214,200	107,725	106,470	98,475	49,155	49,325
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5,180	2,755	2,425	1,850	980	865
Italic (Romance) languages	1,154,270	558,660	595,615	378,865	179,655	199,210
Catalan	865	440	425	160	85	75
Italian	375,635	184,415	191,220	137,515	65,390	72,125
Portuguese	221,540	106,630	114,910	97,295	46,505	50,790
Romanian	96,665	46,195	50,470	23,740	11,070	12,670
Spanish	458,850	220,605	238,245	119,935	56,500	63,440
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	720	380	340	220	100	120
Japanese	43,640	14,790	28,855	9,440	3,285	6,150
Kartvelian languages	1,715	910	805	1,100	590	510
Georgian	1,715	910	805	1,100	590	510
Korean	153,425	70,310	83,115	53,940	24,750	29,190
Mongolic languages	1,575	690	885	345	160	190
Mongolian	1,575	690	880	345	155	190
Niger-Congo languages	91,375	45,075	46,305	23,670	11,085	12,580
Akan (Twi)	13,455	6,490	6,970	8,365	3,850	4,515
Bamanankan	1,535	815	720	55	25	30
Edo	1,670	770	900	1,015	410	605
Ewe	1,760	950	805	360	180	180
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	2,825	1,495	1,335	220	115	105
Ga	920	445	470	430	195	235
Ganda	1,295	625	665	500	240	265
Igbo	4,235	2,265	1,970	1,495	765	735
Lingala	3,810	1,785	2,025	375	175	195
Rundi (Kirundi)	5,845	2,785	3,060	350	165	185
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5,250	2,355	2,895	375	165	205
Shona	3,180	1,520	1,665	655	305	340
Swahili	13,370	6,385	6,990	3,160	1,475	1,690
Wolof	3,990	2,170	1,820	160	85	75
Yoruba	9,085	4,785	4,300	3,265	1,650	1,610
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	19,135	9,435	9,695	2,885	1,285	1,600
Nilo-Saharan languages	5,870	3,025	2,845	340	185	155
Dinka	2,120	1,115	1,000	45	25	15
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	3,755	1,910	1,840	295	160	135
Sign languages	7,500	3,925	3,575	1,060	585	485
American Sign Language	2,685	1,320	1,360	360	195	165
Quebec Sign Language	695	340	355	5	0	5
Sign languages, n.i.e	4,120	2,265	1,860	700	385	315
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,269,215	589,570	679,645	507,190	235,560	271,630
Chinese languages	1,253,360	581,650	671,715	500,745	232,420	268,320
Cantonese	565,270	262,865	302,405	242,915	112,790	130,125
Hakka	10,910	4,900	6,015	6,385	2,865	3,525
Mandarin	592,040	274,630	317,410	223,015	103,800	119,215
Min Dong	1,230	580	650	760	365	395
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	31,795	14,450	17,350	11,360	5,250	6,115
Wu (Shanghainese)	12,915	5,780	7,140	5,220	2,345	2,875
Chinese, n.o.s.	38,580	18,165	20,410	10,895	4,915	5,980
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	610	275	335	190	95	95
Tibeto-Burman languages	15,850	7,925	7,935	6,445	3,140	3,305
Burmese	3,585	1,795	1,790	995	445	550
Karenic languages	4,705	2,355	2,350	270	130	140
Tibetan	6,165	3,080	3,080	4,855	2,395	2,460
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	1,400	695	705	330	170	160
Tai-Kadai languages	22,010	8,870	13,145	3,660	1,495	2,175
Lao	12,670	6,145	6,525	2,090	1,010	1,075
Thai	9,255	2,690	6,565	1,555	475	1,080
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	80	35	55	20	5	15
Turkic languages	40,140	21,120	19,025	16,295	8,475	7,810
Azerbaijani	3,260	1,785	1,470	1,590	855	740
Turkish	32,815	17,375	15,440	13,345	6,965	6,375
Uyghur	1,035	510	525	370	185	190
Uzbek	1,715	855	865	580	295	290
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	1,315	590	720	400	180	220
Uralic languages	81,985	37,790	44,195	22,500	10,030	12,465
Estonian	5,445	2,325	3,115	2,505	1,025	1,485
Finnish	15,295	6,395	8,900	2,135	845	1,290
Hungarian	61,235	29,060	32,175	17,855	8,160	9,690
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	5	5	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	3,690	2,045	1,645	935	480	455
Multiple responses	818,635	398,325	420,305	225,555	108,955	116,600
English and French	165,320	80,460	84,860	13,775	6,385	7,395
English and non-official language	533,265	259,160	274,100	199,835	97,180	102,650
French and non-official language	86,150	42,170	43,985	5,810	2,620	3,185
English, French and non-official language	33,900	16,535	17,365	6,135	2,770	3,370
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	34,767,250	17,101,165	17,666,085	5,389,430	2,613,915	2,775,520
Single responses	33,103,860	16,298,475	16,805,395	4,852,000	2,355,300	2,496,695
Official languages	29,106,670	14,383,020	14,723,645	3,440,400	1,687,780	1,752,620
English	22,162,865	10,966,135	11,196,730	3,412,630	1,674,945	1,737,680
French	6,943,800	3,416,890	3,526,910	27,770	12,830	14,940
Non-official languages	3,997,195	1,915,450	2,081,750	1,411,600	667,525	744,070
Aboriginal languages	118,470	59,720	58,750	155	75	75
Algonquian languages	75,080	37,825	37,260	75	40	35
Blackfoot	1,115	555	555	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	55,825	28,135	27,685	25	15	10
Atikamekw	5,465	2,825	2,640	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	8,590	4,195	4,395	0	0	0
Moose Cree	10	5	5	0	5	0
Naskapi	1,200	595	605	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	110	55	60	0	0	0
Plains Cree	1,350	665	685	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	20	5	15	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	330	140	190	0	0	0
Woods Cree	800	410	390	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	37,945	19,240	18,710	15	5	10
Eastern Algonquian languages	3,615	1,795	1,820	5	5	0
Malecite	55	30	30	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	3,560	1,770	1,795	5	0	5
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	14,525	7,335	7,190	45	20	20
Algonquin	370	170	200	0	0	0
Ojibway	6,175	3,165	3,015	35	20	15
Oji-Cree	7,900	3,960	3,940	5	0	5
Ottawa (Odawa)	75	40	35	5	0	5
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	10,265	5,125	5,135	15	10	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	10,255	5,120	5,135	10	10	10
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Beaver	50	30	20	0	0	0
Carrier	245	115	130	0	0	0
Chilcotin	255	125	130	0	0	0
Dene	7,710	3,805	3,905	5	0	5
Dogrib (Tlicho)	1,020	550	475	0	0	0
Gwich'in	45	25	25	5	5	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	10	5	5	5	5	5
Sekani	15	10	5	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	820	425	395	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	340	180	155	0	0	0
South Slavey	370	190	185	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	105	55	55	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	25	15	15	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	25	10	10	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	5	5	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	30	15	15	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	25	15	10	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	10	0	5	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0	5	0
Haida	10	5	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	29,490	14,995	14,495	10	5	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	165	75	90	0	0	0
Inuktitut	29,230	14,885	14,345	10	10	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	90	40	55	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	285	135	155	0	0	0
Cayuga	10	0	5	0	0	0
Mohawk	255	115	140	5	0	0
Oneida	15	5	10	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Kutenai	15	10	5	0	0	0
Michif	85	40	45	0	0	0
Salish languages	285	130	150	0	0	5
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	45	20	25	0	0	0
Lillooet	25	15	10	0	0	0
Okanagan	85	35	45	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	55	30	20	0	0	0
Squamish	5	0	5	0	0	0
Straits	20	10	15	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	5	0	0
Siouan languages	2,225	1,085	1,140	0	0	0
Dakota	255	140	120	0	0	0
Stoney	1,950	940	1,010	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0	0	0
Tlingit	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	410	210	190	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	315	155	155	0	0	0
Nisga'a	70	40	30	0	0	0
Tsimshian	25	15	15	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	75	45	35	0	0	0
Haisla	20	10	15	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	5	5	5	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	30	15	15	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	235	110	125	50	25	25
Non-Aboriginal languages	3,878,725	1,855,730	2,022,995	1,411,445	667,445	743,995
Afro-Asiatic languages	307,755	153,275	154,480	71,690	34,320	37,370
Berber languages	8,105	4,215	3,895	60	30	25
Kabyle	5,490	2,855	2,640	30	15	15
Berber languages, n.i.e.	2,620	1,365	1,260	35	15	15
Cushitic languages	27,095	12,455	14,640	8,365	3,525	4,840
Bilen	620	330	285	40	20	25
Oromo	3,410	1,700	1,710	545	255	295
Somali	22,895	10,340	12,555	7,750	3,240	4,510
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	185	85	95	30	10	15
Semitic languages	272,100	136,390	135,720	63,080	30,675	32,405
Amharic	12,780	6,010	6,770	3,805	1,675	2,130
Arabic	223,540	112,690	110,850	43,100	21,220	21,885
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10,510	5,090	5,425	6,540	3,140	3,405
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	3,445	1,695	1,750	1,055	520	535
Harari	735	335	400	515	240	280
Hebrew	8,560	4,425	4,135	4,320	2,220	2,100
Maltese	1,130	525	605	835	380	455
Tigrigna	10,205	5,040	5,170	2,465	1,080	1,385
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	1,200	585	620	430	205	230
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	440	215	230	185	85	95
Austro-Asiatic languages	115,210	53,500	61,710	32,635	14,890	17,745
Khmer (Cambodian)	10,880	4,940	5,945	1,555	675	880
Vietnamese	104,245	48,525	55,725	31,045	14,200	16,840
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	85	40	45	35	15	20
Austronesian languages	239,785	108,110	131,680	71,195	30,350	40,850
Bikol	290	140	155	80	35	45
Cebuano	7,210	3,325	3,880	1,850	800	1,055
Fijian	195	105	90	10	5	5
Hiligaynon	2,205	970	1,240	755	325	435
Ilocano	9,125	4,045	5,080	3,400	1,455	1,940
Malagasy	435	220	210	10	5	10
Malay	3,620	1,710	1,910	1,380	670	715
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	1,200	565	630	385	175	210
Pangasinan	240	110	135	80	35	40
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	213,790	96,235	117,555	62,885	26,685	36,200
Waray-Waray	310	135	170	75	30	45
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	1,160	545	620	280	130	150
Creole languages	27,860	12,005	15,850	2,790	1,290	1,505
Haitian Creole	1,280	575	705	120	55	65
Creole, n.o.s.	24,575	10,510	14,060	1,915	885	1,030
Creole languages, n.i.e.	2,005	920	1,085	760	350	410
Dravidian languages	122,490	59,780	62,710	85,480	41,250	44,230
Kannada	1,630	825	800	805	405	400
Malayalam	15,440	7,865	7,575	6,220	3,175	3,045
Tamil	96,955	46,570	50,385	73,640	35,095	38,550
Telugu	8,280	4,430	3,850	4,720	2,535	2,185
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	190	85	105	95	40	55
Hmong-Mien languages	340	160	180	5	5	5
Indo-European languages	1,911,215	927,225	983,985	695,550	333,855	361,695
Albanian	13,135	6,575	6,560	6,225	3,115	3,110
Armenian	21,505	10,165	11,345	7,350	3,475	3,875
Balto-Slavic languages	314,965	149,315	165,650	129,425	60,445	68,980
Baltic languages	3,275	1,400	1,870	1,600	660	935
Latvian	1,255	530	725	575	235	340
Lithuanian	2,020	870	1,150	1,025	430	595
Slavic languages	311,690	147,910	163,780	127,825	59,780	68,045
Belarusan	230	105	120	125	60	60
Bosnian	6,045	3,010	3,040	1,300	630	675
Bulgarian	11,985	5,835	6,150	3,775	1,840	1,935
Croatian	16,775	7,980	8,795	5,360	2,565	2,800
Czech	6,235	3,060	3,180	1,345	650	695
Macedonian	6,830	3,250	3,580	4,745	2,250	2,495
Polish	74,780	34,910	39,870	31,135	14,470	16,660
Russian	116,595	55,175	61,425	51,855	24,065	27,785
Serbian	31,750	15,665	16,085	11,975	5,800	6,175
Serbo-Croatian	3,885	1,865	2,020	915	430	490
Slovak	5,615	2,685	2,920	2,185	1,065	1,120
Slovene (Slovenian)	2,050	905	1,145	825	355	475
Ukrainian	28,250	13,150	15,100	12,150	5,545	6,605
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	670	310	360	130	55	75
Celtic languages	360	205	155	60	30	25
Scottish Gaelic	185	105	80	25	10	10
Welsh	95	50	45	10	10	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	80	50	30	20	15	10
Germanic languages	146,455	71,835	74,615	4,725	2,150	2,580
Afrikaans	4,790	2,355	2,435	250	110	135
Danish	855	410	445	120	50	65
Dutch	9,565	4,630	4,935	550	255	295
Frisian	185	95	90	5	0	5
German	120,335	58,905	61,435	3,145	1,410	1,735
Icelandic	270	120	150	20	5	15
Norwegian	345	145	200	40	15	20
Swedish	1,045	500	545	215	100	115
Vlaams (Flemish)	355	170	185	25	15	10
Yiddish	7,080	3,695	3,385	350	175	175
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	1,625	820	810	10	5	5
Greek	44,545	21,110	23,440	16,600	7,760	8,845
Indo-Iranian languages	838,755	416,960	421,795	355,150	175,850	179,300
Indo-Aryan languages	676,185	337,440	338,745	282,005	140,240	141,765
Bengali	47,350	23,585	23,765	24,325	12,005	12,325
Gujarati	64,150	31,740	32,405	37,390	18,335	19,060
Hindi	55,510	27,805	27,710	23,355	11,620	11,735
Kashmiri	135	70	70	45	20	25
Konkani	720	355	370	430	205	225
Marathi	3,780	1,940	1,840	1,955	1,005	950
Nepali	13,375	6,710	6,670	3,040	1,540	1,500
Oriya (Odia)	470	235	240	270	135	140
Punjabi (Panjabi)	349,145	174,905	174,240	112,680	56,685	55,995
Sindhi	4,975	2,280	2,695	2,405	1,100	1,310
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	7,790	3,860	3,925	3,440	1,685	1,760
Urdu	128,785	63,965	64,820	72,660	35,910	36,745
Iranian languages	160,195	78,310	81,880	72,405	35,235	37,170
Kurdish	6,580	3,400	3,175	1,440	780	660
Pashto	10,590	5,305	5,290	4,695	2,355	2,340
Persian (Farsi)	143,020	69,600	73,425	66,275	32,095	34,175
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	2,375	1,215	1,160	740	375	360
Italic (Romance) languages	531,485	251,050	280,440	176,010	81,040	94,970
Catalan	355	165	190	80	40	40
Italian	115,415	49,975	65,440	48,970	20,920	28,055
Portuguese	98,710	46,915	51,795	48,110	23,050	25,055
Romanian	53,320	25,795	27,525	11,610	5,390	6,225
Spanish	263,510	128,110	135,400	67,175	31,610	35,565
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	180	85	95	65	30	35
Japanese	19,785	8,265	11,515	4,480	1,915	2,565
Kartvelian languages	1,040	565	475	745	405	335
Georgian	1,035	565	475	740	405	340
Korean	109,705	51,385	58,320	37,770	17,625	20,140
Mongolic languages	910	440	470	200	105	100
Mongolian	910	435	470	205	105	100
Niger-Congo languages	28,665	13,340	15,320	8,870	3,960	4,905
Akan (Twi)	5,990	2,695	3,295	4,015	1,740	2,280
Bamanankan	340	180	160	15	5	10
Edo	415	175	240	295	120	175
Ewe	410	185	225	90	40	50
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	825	400	425	75	35	40
Ga	250	105	140	145	65	80
Ganda	345	160	185	150	70	85
Igbo	1,000	485	510	410	205	205
Lingala	1,045	455	590	90	40	55
Rundi (Kirundi)	2,110	990	1,115	125	60	65
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	1,530	670	865	115	50	65
Shona	1,035	475	560	225	105	115
Swahili	5,370	2,500	2,870	1,230	540	685
Wolof	1,380	745	635	75	45	35
Yoruba	2,615	1,275	1,340	1,070	515	555
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	4,010	1,850	2,160	730	330	400
Nilo-Saharan languages	2,650	1,305	1,350	85	45	45
Dinka	1,130	580	550	10	5	5
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	1,525	730	800	75	40	35
Sign languages	10,445	5,870	4,570	1,660	965	700
American Sign Language	3,015	1,560	1,460	555	295	260
Quebec Sign Language	730	375	355	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	6,690	3,935	2,755	1,105	660	440
Sino-Tibetan languages	924,720	433,530	491,190	378,605	177,030	201,575
Chinese languages	913,365	427,860	485,505	374,020	174,765	199,255
Cantonese	400,215	184,340	215,885	179,480	82,480	97,000
Hakka	4,080	1,820	2,265	2,675	1,215	1,465
Mandarin	462,890	220,075	242,815	176,695	84,105	92,590
Min Dong	345	150	195	240	105	135
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	13,965	6,345	7,625	4,980	2,280	2,700
Wu (Shanghainese)	7,650	3,580	4,075	3,090	1,450	1,640
Chinese, n.o.s.	23,935	11,440	12,500	6,775	3,100	3,675
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	280	130	150	85	35	45
Tibeto-Burman languages	11,350	5,670	5,680	4,585	2,260	2,325
Burmese	2,245	1,115	1,125	570	260	305
Karenic languages	3,865	1,935	1,930	210	105	110
Tibetan	4,590	2,305	2,280	3,700	1,835	1,860
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	655	305	345	105	55	50
Tai-Kadai languages	9,565	4,455	5,110	1,530	715	810
Lao	6,175	2,995	3,180	970	470	495
Thai	3,360	1,450	1,915	550	240	305
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	30	15	15	10	0	5
Turkic languages	22,250	11,205	11,045	9,285	4,650	4,635
Azerbaijani	1,245	640	610	640	325	315
Turkish	18,955	9,525	9,430	7,975	3,980	3,995
Uyghur	610	315	290	215	110	100
Uzbek	990	505	490	310	165	145
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	455	230	225	145	70	75
Uralic languages	23,245	10,715	12,535	8,560	3,920	4,640
Estonian	975	365	610	630	230	395
Finnish	2,790	1,220	1,565	415	180	240
Hungarian	19,485	9,125	10,355	7,515	3,505	4,010
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	1,110	605	500	320	165	155
Multiple responses	1,663,390	802,695	860,690	537,435	258,615	278,825
English and French	160,185	77,940	82,235	12,185	5,585	6,600
English and non-official language	1,284,975	620,375	664,600	512,690	247,515	265,170
French and non-official language	148,915	70,915	78,000	2,330	1,030	1,300
English, French and non-official language	69,315	33,465	35,850	10,240	4,485	5,750
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	34,767,255	17,101,165	17,666,080	5,389,435	2,613,915	2,775,520
None	29,615,245	14,612,175	15,003,065	4,059,895	1,975,765	2,084,135
English	2,109,340	1,045,215	1,064,120	573,230	280,980	292,255
French	731,095	342,245	388,855	48,015	20,920	27,090
Non-official language	2,151,690	1,023,940	1,127,750	683,225	324,520	358,710
Aboriginal	90,740	42,890	47,850	435	185	250
Non-Aboriginal	2,060,945	981,055	1,079,895	682,790	324,330	358,460
English and French	47,970	23,785	24,190	3,820	1,765	2,055
English and non-official language	61,075	30,045	31,030	13,105	6,410	6,695
French and non-official language	48,755	22,690	26,065	7,895	3,445	4,455
English, French and non-official language	2,080	1,075	1,010	250	115	135
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	28,642,980	13,990,620	14,652,355	4,485,350	2,151,700	2,333,645
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	27,488,530	13,444,335	14,044,190	4,254,740	2,041,845	2,212,895
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,204	40,782	28,860	31,014	35,486	27,686
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	27,499,185	13,449,010	14,050,175	4,255,435	2,042,025	2,213,410
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,866	35,933	26,621	28,692	32,291	25,941
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	24,583,315	12,296,595	12,286,725	3,735,375	1,836,390	1,898,990
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,762	39,925	26,613	32,152	37,338	27,784
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	19,743,240	8,755,815	10,987,430	3,068,395	1,352,495	1,715,905
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	5,453	4,199	6,136	2,123	998	3,741
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	20,428,685	10,547,760	9,880,925	3,153,650	1,595,810	1,557,845
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,684	39,836	28,474	34,317	38,641	30,510
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	28,643,015	13,990,430	14,652,585	4,485,725	2,151,900	2,333,830
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	27,489,395	13,441,555	14,047,845	4,255,475	2,041,985	2,213,490
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	47,487	56,740	38,632	50,118	59,794	41,191
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	27,500,230	13,446,230	14,053,995	4,256,160	2,042,200	2,213,965
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,977	45,404	32,828	40,278	46,588	34,458
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	24,584,065	12,295,015	12,289,055	3,735,945	1,836,465	1,899,480
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,885	56,803	36,962	51,862	62,449	41,625
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	19,742,130	8,752,070	10,990,060	3,068,135	1,352,300	1,715,830
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,738	7,345	8,050	6,363	5,481	7,058
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	20,428,670	10,542,540	9,886,130	3,153,965	1,596,085	1,557,885
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,057	54,369	37,193	51,662	60,906	42,192
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	28,643,015	13,990,430	14,652,585	4,485,730	2,151,895	2,333,830
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	9,367,045	5,231,015	4,136,035	1,488,180	818,260	669,925
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	53,431	59,326	47,420	55,941	60,166	51,725
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	65,997	74,289	55,510	74,842	84,302	63,286
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	88.3	91.6	83.7	90.8	93.9	86.7
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	72.0	75.2	67.7	76.3	79.6	72.0
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	11.7	8.4	16.3	9.2	6.1	13.3
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	28,642,980	13,990,620	14,652,360	4,485,350	2,151,700	2,333,645
Without total income	1,154,450	546,285	608,165	230,610	109,860	120,750
With total income	27,488,530	13,444,335	14,044,195	4,254,740	2,041,845	2,212,895
Percentage with total income	96.0	96.1	95.8	94.9	94.9	94.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,877,620	1,668,960	2,208,655	763,555	347,080	416,480
$10,000 to $19,999	4,680,380	1,867,600	2,812,785	770,435	327,705	442,735
$20,000 to $29,999	3,807,840	1,593,335	2,214,505	545,305	236,955	308,355
$30,000 to $39,999	3,206,175	1,472,670	1,733,510	426,865	193,445	233,420
$40,000 to $49,999	2,827,045	1,376,565	1,450,480	371,190	172,520	198,670
$50,000 to $59,999	2,179,775	1,145,685	1,034,090	294,250	143,010	151,240
$60,000 to $69,999	1,655,070	938,755	716,310	231,875	119,655	112,220
$70,000 to $79,999	1,271,850	745,830	526,015	181,995	98,550	83,450
$80,000 to $89,999	966,885	579,290	387,590	144,615	80,165	64,445
$90,000 to $99,999	749,290	452,240	297,050	122,530	65,300	57,230
$100,000 and over	2,266,600	1,603,400	663,195	402,130	257,465	144,665
$100,000 to $149,999	1,493,570	1,024,210	469,365	244,815	148,925	95,890
$150,000 and over	773,025	579,190	193,830	157,310	108,540	48,770
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	28,642,980	13,990,620	14,652,360	4,485,345	2,151,705	2,333,645
Without after-tax income	1,143,795	541,620	602,175	229,915	109,680	120,235
With after-tax income	27,499,185	13,449,010	14,050,175	4,255,435	2,042,025	2,213,415
Percentage with after-tax income	96.0	96.1	95.9	94.9	94.9	94.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,004,475	1,706,825	2,297,645	776,015	351,385	424,630
$10,000 to $19,999	4,905,055	1,972,920	2,932,130	800,145	341,855	458,290
$20,000 to $29,999	4,489,925	1,926,175	2,563,755	622,175	273,000	349,175
$30,000 to $39,999	3,924,960	1,870,705	2,054,250	506,890	233,435	273,455
$40,000 to $49,999	3,144,200	1,619,670	1,524,525	428,590	204,910	223,685
$50,000 to $59,999	2,209,280	1,245,570	963,705	313,515	160,735	152,780
$60,000 to $69,999	1,540,300	912,230	628,065	229,640	125,710	103,935
$70,000 to $79,999	1,076,180	654,570	421,610	176,635	96,460	80,175
$80,000 and over	2,204,820	1,540,335	664,485	401,835	254,535	147,295
$80,000 to $89,999	688,705	444,550	244,145	118,825	67,420	51,400
$90,000 to $99,999	420,975	291,090	129,885	71,215	44,080	27,140
$100,000 and over	1,095,140	804,690	290,445	211,795	143,035	68,760
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	28,642,980	13,990,625	14,652,360	4,485,345	2,151,705	2,333,645
Without employment income	8,214,295	3,442,860	4,771,430	1,331,700	555,895	775,805
With employment income	20,428,690	10,547,760	9,880,925	3,153,650	1,595,805	1,557,845
Percentage with employment income	71.3	75.4	67.4	70.3	74.2	66.8
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,778,990	1,357,430	1,421,560	396,680	186,410	210,270
$5,000 to $9,999	1,602,140	697,025	905,120	263,610	119,885	143,725
$10,000 to $19,999	2,736,010	1,212,855	1,523,155	435,350	205,860	229,490
$20,000 to $29,999	2,293,785	1,022,090	1,271,695	343,395	158,605	184,785
$30,000 to $39,999	2,149,860	1,001,065	1,148,795	309,985	145,840	164,145
$40,000 to $49,999	1,928,565	946,625	981,940	283,815	135,050	148,765
$50,000 to $59,999	1,554,100	839,045	715,055	231,700	117,150	114,550
$60,000 to $69,999	1,220,310	708,270	512,040	185,380	98,655	86,730
$70,000 to $79,999	992,170	591,945	400,225	148,890	83,255	65,635
$80,000 and over	3,172,770	2,171,415	1,001,355	554,845	345,095	209,755
$80,000 to $89,999	773,755	475,700	298,055	121,685	69,155	52,525
$90,000 to $99,999	623,980	382,330	241,650	108,555	57,950	50,600
$100,000 and over	1,775,030	1,313,385	461,645	324,605	217,980	106,625
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	14,072,080	...	...	1,967,380	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	70,336	...	...	76,518	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	61,348	...	...	67,196	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	3,969,790	...	...	492,315	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	35,174	...	...	39,284	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,446	...	...	35,101	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	10,102,290	...	...	1,475,070	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	88,249	...	...	92,630	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	76,419	...	...	81,323	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	14,072,075	...	...	1,967,555	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	92,764	...	...	108,395	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	76,171	...	...	87,128	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	3,967,765	...	...	492,475	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	46,799	...	...	55,739	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	38,685	...	...	44,666	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	10,104,315	...	...	1,475,085	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	110,813	...	...	125,975	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	90,890	...	...	101,304	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	14,072,075	...	...	1,967,380	...	...
Under $5,000	228,790	...	...	45,670	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	200,315	...	...	31,255	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	374,575	...	...	48,970	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	565,940	...	...	72,860	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	602,800	...	...	69,080	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	538,710	...	...	71,255	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	603,480	...	...	72,655	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	606,600	...	...	74,045	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	596,110	...	...	73,960	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	578,325	...	...	72,565	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,097,345	...	...	140,110	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,010,415	...	...	131,050	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	924,320	...	...	121,160	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	836,765	...	...	111,745	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	745,655	...	...	102,675	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,561,920	...	...	728,325	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,470,255	...	...	205,845	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,016,245	...	...	149,570	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,116,140	...	...	178,280	...	...
$200,000 and over	959,285	...	...	194,630	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	14,072,075	...	...	1,967,380	...	...
Under $5,000	243,780	...	...	48,175	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	203,865	...	...	31,565	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	380,680	...	...	49,785	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	591,660	...	...	75,575	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	673,740	...	...	75,690	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	628,225	...	...	78,360	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	719,825	...	...	82,540	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	725,675	...	...	87,000	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	711,180	...	...	89,295	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	691,695	...	...	87,435	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,299,680	...	...	167,070	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,169,515	...	...	152,470	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,041,635	...	...	139,615	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	900,055	...	...	123,875	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	757,295	...	...	106,420	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,333,575	...	...	572,520	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,371,945	...	...	204,555	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	809,540	...	...	133,630	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,152,090	...	...	234,340	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	9,688,845	...	...	1,418,695	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	88,306	...	...	92,279	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	76,372	...	...	80,950	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	3,706,220	...	...	381,755	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	78,976	...	...	83,997	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	68,309	...	...	73,015	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	4,222,140	...	...	745,680	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	113,465	...	...	112,062	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	96,608	...	...	97,348	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.0	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,481,410	...	...	240,690	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	53,193	...	...	56,356	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	48,856	...	...	52,125	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	9,689,855	...	...	1,418,175	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	111,235	...	...	126,555	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	91,040	...	...	101,479	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	3,706,400	...	...	381,845	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	101,086	...	...	120,732	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	82,296	...	...	94,620	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	4,225,855	...	...	746,125	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	137,094	...	...	148,376	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	111,307	...	...	118,509	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,477,190	...	...	239,190	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	65,549	...	...	73,147	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	56,687	...	...	62,554	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	5,313,545	2,608,845	2,704,705	710,010	335,120	374,890
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	31,890	34,483	29,801	32,181	32,948	31,573
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	28,959	30,746	27,495	29,543	30,010	29,180
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	5,299,050	2,596,985	2,702,070	708,525	333,920	374,605
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	42,939	46,085	39,915	47,700	50,146	45,520
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	35,801	37,724	33,952	38,832	40,028	37,766
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	34,460,065	16,971,550	17,488,515	5,370,515	2,605,995	2,764,520
In the bottom half of the distribution	17,229,835	8,256,970	8,972,865	2,635,600	1,252,915	1,382,690
In the bottom decile	3,445,950	1,672,900	1,773,050	626,795	302,630	324,165
In the second decile	3,445,660	1,564,965	1,880,700	553,235	255,400	297,840
In the third decile	3,446,165	1,641,930	1,804,235	503,590	237,300	266,285
In the fourth decile	3,445,850	1,677,120	1,768,730	478,745	228,975	249,770
In the fifth decile	3,446,210	1,700,060	1,746,150	473,240	228,615	244,630
In the top half of the distribution	17,230,230	8,714,580	8,515,650	2,734,920	1,353,085	1,381,835
In the sixth decile	3,445,695	1,716,510	1,729,185	476,880	231,510	245,375
In the seventh decile	3,446,470	1,730,975	1,715,500	489,145	239,025	250,120
In the eighth decile	3,445,940	1,741,640	1,704,300	516,090	254,485	261,605
In the ninth decile	3,446,045	1,751,850	1,694,195	568,130	282,000	286,135
In the top decile	3,446,080	1,773,600	1,672,475	684,665	346,070	338,600
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	33,968,295	16,724,265	17,244,035	5,370,520	2,605,995	2,764,525
0 to 17 years	6,836,380	3,504,250	3,332,125	1,077,570	553,445	524,125
0 to 5 years	2,228,770	1,142,505	1,086,270	337,255	172,765	164,490
18 to 64 years	21,695,090	10,690,090	11,005,005	3,542,115	1,714,060	1,828,055
65 years and over	5,436,830	2,529,930	2,906,905	750,830	338,490	412,345
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	4,809,940	2,243,200	2,566,740	873,325	411,775	461,550
0 to 17 years	1,163,830	597,570	566,255	223,495	115,235	108,260
0 to 5 years	396,095	203,055	193,030	72,435	37,260	35,175
18 to 64 years	2,855,290	1,341,590	1,513,700	542,900	254,105	288,795
65 years and over	790,825	304,040	486,780	106,920	42,430	64,490
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.2	13.4	14.9	16.3	15.8	16.7
0 to 17 years (%)	17.0	17.1	17.0	20.7	20.8	20.7
0 to 5 years (%)	17.8	17.8	17.8	21.5	21.6	21.4
18 to 64 years (%)	13.2	12.5	13.8	15.3	14.8	15.8
65 years and over (%)	14.5	12.0	16.7	14.2	12.5	15.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,128,995	1,519,370	1,609,630	732,405	350,620	381,780
0 to 17 years	696,025	357,255	338,770	173,895	89,620	84,270
0 to 5 years	236,435	121,170	115,260	56,775	29,135	27,640
18 to 64 years	2,157,745	1,057,585	1,100,160	487,620	234,110	253,505
65 years and over	275,225	104,525	170,695	70,895	26,885	44,005
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	9.2	9.1	9.3	13.6	13.5	13.8
0 to 17 years (%)	10.2	10.2	10.2	16.1	16.2	16.1
0 to 5 years (%)	10.6	10.6	10.6	16.8	16.9	16.8
18 to 64 years (%)	9.9	9.9	10.0	13.8	13.7	13.9
65 years and over (%)	5.1	4.1	5.9	9.4	7.9	10.7
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485	5,371,025	2,606,395	2,764,630
Official languages	33,818,210	16,709,290	17,108,920	5,119,210	2,506,430	2,612,780
English	29,748,265	14,806,270	14,941,995	5,114,880	2,504,655	2,610,225
French	10,242,945	4,952,455	5,290,495	433,650	187,295	246,355
Non-official languages	9,369,280	4,488,185	4,881,090	2,980,865	1,420,145	1,560,715
Aboriginal languages	263,845	127,550	136,295	985	405	585
Algonquian languages	177,570	85,505	92,065	825	350	475
Blackfoot	5,645	2,695	2,950	10	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	116,585	56,515	60,070	185	85	100
Atikamekw	6,640	3,335	3,305	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	11,440	5,500	5,945	0	0	0
Moose Cree	195	80	115	0	0	0
Naskapi	1,465	710	755	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	545	225	320	0	0	0
Plains Cree	5,905	2,705	3,200	55	30	20
Southern East Cree	40	30	10	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	2,345	995	1,350	25	0	15
Woods Cree	2,665	1,230	1,435	15	10	0
Cree, n.o.s.	86,115	42,080	44,035	90	35	55
Eastern Algonquian languages	9,765	4,710	5,050	45	25	20
Malecite	755	370	390	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	9,025	4,350	4,670	45	25	25
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	46,685	22,100	24,585	595	240	355
Algonquin	2,480	1,165	1,315	15	10	10
Ojibway	28,585	13,365	15,220	560	230	330
Oji-Cree	15,610	7,575	8,030	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	205	105	105	15	10	10
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	120	60	60	10	0	10
Athabaskan languages	23,655	11,340	12,320	15	10	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	23,570	11,300	12,265	15	10	10
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	210	105	100	0	0	0
Beaver	340	180	165	0	0	0
Carrier	2,105	955	1,145	0	0	0
Chilcotin	1,150	535	610	0	0	0
Dene	13,060	6,270	6,790	10	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	2,375	1,210	1,165	0	0	10
Gwich'in	360	165	200	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	150	60	90	0	0	0
Sekani	185	85	100	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	2,815	1,340	1,475	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	1,010	475	530	0	0	0
South Slavey	1,365	660	710	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	680	320	360	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	630	340	285	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	365	205	170	0	0	0
Tahltan	270	140	130	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	420	160	260	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	285	115	170	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	145	50	95	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	85	35	50	0	0	0
Haida	465	205	260	0	0	0
Inuit languages	42,980	21,355	21,630	25	10	15
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	1,975	895	1,080	0	0	0
Inuktitut	40,620	20,280	20,340	10	0	10
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	470	225	240	10	10	10
Iroquoian languages	2,800	1,240	1,555	55	15	40
Cayuga	125	40	85	0	0	0
Mohawk	2,415	1,120	1,295	45	15	35
Oneida	180	60	125	10	10	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	115	45	75	0	0	0
Kutenai	175	95	80	0	0	0
Michif	1,210	585	625	15	10	10
Salish languages	5,750	2,730	3,015	0	0	10
Comox	185	75	110	0	0	0
Halkomelem	1,060	475	585	0	0	0
Lillooet	790	405	385	0	0	0
Okanagan	820	370	450	10	10	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	1,305	640	665	0	0	0
Squamish	285	125	155	0	0	0
Straits	360	160	200	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	450	220	235	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	565	295	270	0	0	10
Siouan languages	5,430	2,665	2,770	10	0	10
Dakota	1,760	870	890	0	0	10
Stoney	3,675	1,805	1,875	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	140	70	70	0	0	0
Tlingit	260	140	120	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	2,730	1,350	1,380	0	0	10
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	1,305	645	660	0	0	0
Nisga'a	1,060	545	515	0	0	0
Tsimshian	410	180	235	0	0	10
Wakashan languages	1,490	680	805	10	0	0
Haisla	175	65	110	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	125	50	75	10	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	605	285	320	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	565	265	300	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	30	20	10	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	665	310	360	25	20	10
Non-Aboriginal languages	9,107,075	4,361,420	4,745,660	2,979,935	1,419,770	1,560,165
Afro-Asiatic languages	837,355	432,560	404,795	203,300	101,890	101,410
Berber languages	29,460	15,745	13,715	235	135	100
Kabyle	17,120	9,100	8,015	75	40	30
Berber languages, n.i.e.	12,505	6,735	5,775	165	95	70
Cushitic languages	57,125	26,870	30,250	20,380	8,885	11,490
Bilen	1,085	625	470	75	45	30
Oromo	6,245	3,070	3,175	1,390	590	800
Somali	49,665	23,070	26,590	18,905	8,230	10,675
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	480	220	265	85	35	50
Semitic languages	771,130	400,780	370,350	183,945	93,490	90,450
Amharic	33,670	16,675	16,995	11,365	5,280	6,080
Arabic	629,055	329,235	299,820	119,665	61,755	57,905
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	19,745	9,720	10,020	11,995	5,860	6,140
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	7,115	3,505	3,610	2,080	1,040	1,035
Harari	1,710	855	860	1,250	635	615
Hebrew	75,020	38,730	36,290	37,745	19,225	18,520
Maltese	7,625	3,760	3,870	4,165	2,035	2,130
Tigrigna	21,340	10,640	10,705	5,940	2,775	3,170
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	3,220	1,655	1,565	1,060	515	550
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	2,775	1,440	1,335	700	325	375
Austro-Asiatic languages	224,865	105,845	119,020	65,060	29,925	35,130
Khmer (Cambodian)	27,035	12,640	14,400	3,970	1,730	2,240
Vietnamese	198,895	93,735	105,155	61,350	28,340	33,010
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	190	70	120	40	0	40
Austronesian languages	656,200	273,075	383,125	200,765	80,115	120,645
Bikol	2,075	885	1,190	570	255	310
Cebuano	27,045	10,960	16,085	7,130	2,860	4,265
Fijian	1,660	955	705	45	20	25
Hiligaynon	7,925	3,200	4,720	2,460	985	1,475
Ilocano	34,530	13,805	20,730	12,560	4,930	7,635
Malagasy	2,335	1,120	1,220	90	45	45
Malay	22,470	10,370	12,100	7,015	3,215	3,800
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5,425	2,445	2,980	1,565	710	855
Pangasinan	1,800	790	1,015	435	190	245
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	612,735	253,210	359,530	188,840	74,950	113,890
Waray-Waray	1,395	530	860	320	100	220
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5,585	2,540	3,040	1,255	525	730
Creole languages	155,615	70,545	85,070	16,380	7,360	9,020
Haitian Creole	6,850	3,140	3,710	640	285	350
Creole, n.o.s.	133,045	59,890	73,160	8,935	4,015	4,925
Creole languages, n.i.e.	16,635	7,955	8,675	6,960	3,115	3,845
Dravidian languages	250,180	126,220	123,960	170,055	84,545	85,505
Kannada	8,245	4,180	4,065	4,300	2,140	2,155
Malayalam	37,810	19,410	18,400	16,600	8,450	8,150
Tamil	189,860	94,640	95,220	140,900	69,315	71,585
Telugu	23,160	12,770	10,390	13,070	7,200	5,875
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	790	385	405	430	220	210
Hmong-Mien languages	870	435	435	25	15	10
Indo-European languages	5,158,010	2,506,455	2,651,555	1,670,260	812,610	857,650
Albanian	31,930	16,140	15,790	14,895	7,440	7,450
Armenian	41,295	19,980	21,315	14,750	7,035	7,715
Balto-Slavic languages	817,315	384,960	432,350	284,385	132,330	152,055
Baltic languages	14,675	6,470	8,205	6,090	2,475	3,610
Latvian	6,500	2,960	3,540	2,500	1,045	1,450
Lithuanian	8,185	3,510	4,675	3,595	1,430	2,165
Slavic languages	805,915	379,965	425,945	279,935	130,535	149,400
Belarusan	2,265	1,070	1,195	915	480	440
Bosnian	18,265	9,055	9,215	4,205	2,040	2,170
Bulgarian	22,425	10,920	11,505	7,750	3,770	3,980
Croatian	69,840	34,515	35,325	21,210	10,340	10,865
Czech	28,720	13,675	15,050	5,935	2,820	3,115
Macedonian	23,075	11,190	11,880	15,485	7,385	8,100
Polish	214,965	99,365	115,600	77,395	35,400	41,995
Russian	269,645	127,055	142,595	107,415	49,880	57,540
Serbian	73,775	37,040	36,740	26,595	13,150	13,440
Serbo-Croatian	11,275	5,525	5,750	2,775	1,330	1,440
Slovak	21,470	10,215	11,255	5,750	2,655	3,100
Slovene (Slovenian)	11,495	5,205	6,290	3,940	1,735	2,210
Ukrainian	132,115	58,820	73,300	36,660	16,375	20,285
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	3,000	1,590	1,405	600	350	250
Celtic languages	9,165	4,705	4,455	1,780	915	865
Scottish Gaelic	3,980	2,010	1,975	595	300	295
Welsh	1,690	830	860	215	95	120
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	3,590	1,915	1,680	970	520	450
Germanic languages	695,535	337,215	358,320	72,330	34,390	37,940
Afrikaans	23,410	11,795	11,610	3,975	1,955	2,015
Danish	15,745	7,320	8,425	1,865	840	1,025
Dutch	120,865	57,885	62,990	9,510	4,470	5,045
Frisian	2,910	1,515	1,395	145	60	90
German	502,730	245,745	256,985	49,225	23,465	25,760
Icelandic	1,780	830	945	120	55	65
Norwegian	8,120	3,860	4,260	870	415	455
Swedish	14,140	6,510	7,635	2,375	1,085	1,290
Vlaams (Flemish)	4,400	1,945	2,455	250	105	145
Yiddish	20,985	10,435	10,550	6,480	3,185	3,300
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	8,710	4,425	4,285	85	45	45
Greek	150,965	75,510	75,455	57,745	28,385	29,355
Indo-Iranian languages	1,658,220	840,850	817,365	735,150	371,350	363,800
Indo-Aryan languages	1,387,805	704,370	683,435	612,745	310,215	302,530
Bengali	91,220	46,935	44,285	47,600	24,185	23,415
Gujarati	149,045	74,765	74,285	85,245	42,705	42,540
Hindi	433,365	221,665	211,700	201,555	102,590	98,970
Kashmiri	905	490	420	460	230	230
Konkani	6,790	3,185	3,605	4,875	2,200	2,670
Marathi	15,570	8,200	7,365	8,470	4,365	4,100
Nepali	21,380	10,915	10,470	6,345	3,140	3,205
Oriya (Odia)	1,535	755	775	900	430	465
Punjabi (Panjabi)	668,240	341,450	326,790	235,230	120,835	114,395
Sindhi	20,260	9,310	10,945	9,210	4,295	4,915
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	27,825	13,970	13,855	14,575	7,335	7,240
Urdu	322,220	164,685	157,535	180,400	91,380	89,020
Iranian languages	281,715	142,030	139,680	127,535	63,570	63,965
Kurdish	15,290	8,290	7,000	3,760	2,120	1,635
Pashto	23,180	12,465	10,715	10,905	5,795	5,110
Persian (Farsi)	252,320	126,565	125,755	117,090	58,090	58,995
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	8,875	4,715	4,155	3,395	1,840	1,555
Italic (Romance) languages	1,897,630	898,530	999,100	525,885	248,355	277,525
Catalan	2,035	1,145	890	305	155	145
Italian	574,725	278,500	296,225	199,425	94,670	104,750
Portuguese	295,955	144,465	151,485	125,025	59,945	65,080
Romanian	115,050	55,275	59,770	27,960	12,960	15,000
Spanish	995,255	460,250	535,010	195,365	91,080	104,280
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	2,680	1,610	1,075	625	305	315
Japanese	83,090	36,760	46,335	17,015	7,335	9,680
Kartvelian languages	2,150	1,075	1,075	1,455	740	715
Georgian	2,150	1,080	1,070	1,455	740	715
Korean	172,755	80,170	92,590	61,135	28,600	32,535
Mongolic languages	2,090	960	1,130	440	190	250
Mongolian	2,090	960	1,130	445	190	255
Niger-Congo languages	177,215	88,135	89,080	46,505	22,145	24,365
Akan (Twi)	22,145	10,810	11,340	13,440	6,225	7,215
Bamanankan	3,190	1,660	1,530	200	115	90
Edo	3,220	1,510	1,705	1,875	820	1,055
Ewe	3,000	1,685	1,315	505	260	240
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	4,725	2,460	2,260	455	235	220
Ga	2,250	1,140	1,110	985	475	510
Ganda	2,495	1,175	1,320	830	395	435
Igbo	8,850	4,710	4,140	2,905	1,440	1,460
Lingala	17,010	7,865	9,145	2,015	875	1,140
Rundi (Kirundi)	8,590	4,075	4,515	510	250	255
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	7,860	3,600	4,260	655	285	370
Shona	5,425	2,530	2,905	1,105	485	620
Swahili	38,680	19,565	19,115	10,070	4,960	5,110
Wolof	8,240	4,455	3,785	410	190	225
Yoruba	22,420	11,475	10,940	7,685	3,850	3,830
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	40,760	20,375	20,385	6,145	2,845	3,300
Nilo-Saharan languages	7,015	3,520	3,495	450	255	195
Dinka	2,475	1,280	1,190	65	50	20
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	4,555	2,240	2,315	385	210	175
Sign languages	48,115	18,985	29,130	5,265	2,275	2,990
American Sign Language	21,930	7,780	14,155	3,045	1,150	1,895
Quebec Sign Language	4,665	1,665	3,005	10	0	10
Sign languages, n.i.e.	22,275	9,835	12,440	2,290	1,165	1,130
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,430,440	672,100	758,340	570,420	267,755	302,665
Chinese languages	1,413,110	663,465	749,640	563,390	264,295	299,095
Cantonese	699,125	325,840	373,285	300,575	139,720	160,855
Hakka	12,445	5,555	6,890	7,110	3,120	3,990
Mandarin	814,450	377,635	436,815	308,025	143,345	164,680
Min Dong	1,045	440	600	710	290	420
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	42,840	19,005	23,835	13,725	6,150	7,575
Wu (Shanghainese)	16,530	7,490	9,040	6,805	3,170	3,640
Chinese, n.o.s.	41,690	19,995	21,690	11,310	5,130	6,180
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	590	250	340	135	75	65
Tibeto-Burman languages	18,270	9,100	9,175	7,410	3,665	3,745
Burmese	4,995	2,490	2,500	1,325	605	720
Karenic languages	4,895	2,425	2,475	250	115	135
Tibetan	7,050	3,555	3,490	5,420	2,705	2,720
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	2,375	1,160	1,220	495	285	210
Tai-Kadai languages	30,400	13,210	17,195	4,720	2,005	2,715
Lao	17,235	8,240	8,990	2,635	1,250	1,385
Thai	15,390	5,875	9,520	2,340	880	1,465
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	115	50	65	30	10	20
Turkic languages	60,530	31,585	28,945	24,065	12,495	11,575
Azerbaijani	5,450	2,885	2,565	2,625	1,330	1,300
Turkish	50,775	26,605	24,165	20,195	10,535	9,665
Uyghur	1,385	685	700	490	225	260
Uzbek	2,465	1,230	1,235	785	425	365
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	1,870	905	965	540	250	290
Uralic languages	94,810	44,270	50,545	25,660	11,605	14,055
Estonian	6,070	2,750	3,315	2,750	1,190	1,560
Finnish	17,595	7,540	10,050	2,450	1,025	1,425
Hungarian	71,285	34,005	37,280	20,515	9,410	11,105
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	9,730	5,375	4,355	2,275	1,175	1,100
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	34,460,065	16,971,580	17,488,490	5,371,020	2,606,395	2,764,635
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	32,034,590	15,799,495	16,235,090	4,666,240	2,271,285	2,394,950
Canadian citizens aged under 18	6,652,795	3,412,785	3,240,010	988,125	507,650	480,475
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	25,381,795	12,386,710	12,995,080	3,678,115	1,763,635	1,914,475
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	2,425,480	1,172,085	1,253,400	704,790	335,105	369,680
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485	5,371,020	2,606,390	2,764,635
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	26,412,610	13,124,325	13,288,290	2,647,660	1,325,780	1,321,875
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	7,540,830	3,586,495	3,954,330	2,588,715	1,213,600	1,375,110
Before 1981	1,941,510	927,795	1,013,715	570,800	264,690	306,105
1981 to 1990	915,555	439,245	476,310	354,720	169,415	185,300
1991 to 2000	1,486,655	696,720	789,940	615,195	286,895	328,300
2001 to 2010	1,985,035	940,570	1,044,465	701,370	328,685	372,685
2001 to 2005	928,935	439,890	489,050	364,605	171,720	192,885
2006 to 2010	1,056,095	500,680	555,415	336,765	156,965	179,800
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	1,212,075	582,175	629,895	346,635	163,920	182,715
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	506,625	260,755	245,870	134,650	67,010	67,640
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	7,540,830	3,586,500	3,954,335	2,588,710	1,213,605	1,375,110
Under 5 years	731,340	364,165	367,175	210,560	104,680	105,885
5 to 14 years	1,311,810	665,870	645,945	425,730	214,310	211,420
15 to 24 years	1,604,430	724,430	880,005	561,010	248,975	312,035
25 to 44 years	3,198,920	1,513,970	1,684,950	1,112,050	520,805	591,245
45 years and over	694,320	318,060	376,260	279,360	124,830	154,525
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	7,540,830	3,586,495	3,954,330	2,588,715	1,213,605	1,375,115
Americas	1,128,745	510,650	618,100	393,895	174,345	219,550
Brazil	29,320	13,235	16,080	10,010	4,705	5,305
Colombia	70,035	32,065	37,965	16,110	7,390	8,715
El Salvador	48,080	23,865	24,215	10,615	5,280	5,335
Guyana	87,685	38,940	48,745	67,295	29,760	37,535
Haiti	93,480	40,955	52,525	2,555	1,200	1,355
Jamaica	138,345	59,960	78,390	97,095	40,495	56,600
Mexico	80,585	37,530	43,055	10,595	4,710	5,885
Peru	29,615	12,950	16,665	7,685	3,415	4,270
Trinidad and Tobago	65,040	29,325	35,710	41,765	18,320	23,445
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	253,715	113,505	140,215	43,175	20,260	22,915
Other places of birth in Americas	232,850	108,325	124,530	86,995	38,800	48,195
Europe	2,088,410	1,015,145	1,073,260	568,320	267,530	300,790
Bosnia and Herzegovina	36,135	18,050	18,085	9,230	4,565	4,665
Croatia	40,045	20,005	20,035	11,040	5,225	5,810
France	105,565	55,395	50,170	6,595	3,095	3,500
Germany	145,845	69,525	76,320	19,960	9,295	10,665
Greece	62,715	31,580	31,135	26,890	13,115	13,780
Hungary	36,820	17,945	18,875	11,185	5,045	6,140
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	28,325	14,355	13,970	7,445	3,635	3,810
Italy	236,640	118,595	118,040	95,175	46,030	49,150
Netherlands	88,475	45,185	43,295	5,940	2,870	3,075
Poland	146,465	66,450	80,020	53,330	23,935	29,390
Portugal	139,450	68,150	71,300	66,340	31,825	34,515
Romania	90,305	42,795	47,510	23,965	10,890	13,075
Russian Federation	78,685	34,265	44,420	33,130	14,300	18,830
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	33,320	16,325	17,000	12,690	6,140	6,550
Ukraine	73,030	33,360	39,665	31,045	14,215	16,830
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	499,115	243,225	255,890	84,810	40,430	44,375
Other places of birth in Europe	247,470	119,945	127,530	69,555	32,920	36,630
Africa	637,485	322,510	314,970	147,790	71,030	76,760
Algeria	64,620	33,920	30,705	1,205	640	565
Egypt	64,615	34,125	30,495	23,285	12,065	11,215
Ethiopia	32,790	15,980	16,810	10,785	4,910	5,870
Kenya	27,150	12,810	14,340	10,980	5,025	5,955
Morocco	69,655	36,120	33,535	3,395	1,655	1,740
Nigeria	42,430	21,830	20,600	15,970	7,910	8,065
Somalia	27,230	12,070	15,160	10,780	4,310	6,470
South Africa, Republic of	44,660	22,205	22,460	12,360	5,990	6,370
Other places of birth in Africa	264,320	133,450	130,870	59,020	28,520	30,505
Asia	3,629,160	1,709,985	1,919,175	1,471,940	697,390	774,555
Afghanistan	51,955	26,030	25,930	24,510	12,230	12,275
Bangladesh	58,735	29,875	28,865	31,885	16,065	15,820
China^{Census data footnote 59}	649,260	290,800	358,460	262,175	119,475	142,700
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	208,940	98,020	110,915	97,705	45,890	51,815
India	668,565	334,030	334,540	297,730	148,545	149,190
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	154,425	77,970	76,455	73,340	36,520	36,815
Iraq	68,485	34,785	33,705	27,770	13,840	13,930
Japan	27,240	7,955	19,285	5,715	1,850	3,865
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	123,305	57,170	66,140	44,745	20,860	23,890
Lebanon	88,745	47,295	41,450	12,970	6,975	6,000
Pakistan	202,260	103,225	99,035	110,255	55,690	54,565
Philippines	588,305	247,095	341,210	187,510	76,805	110,710
Sri Lanka	131,995	64,825	67,170	98,025	47,845	50,180
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	52,960	26,595	26,365	10,545	5,285	5,250
Taiwan	63,770	28,170	35,605	14,705	6,405	8,300
Viet Nam	169,250	78,000	91,250	57,865	26,180	31,690
Other places of birth in Asia	320,965	158,150	162,815	114,505	56,925	57,575
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	57,030	28,210	28,825	6,770	3,320	3,450
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	1,212,075	582,180	629,895	346,635	163,920	182,715
Americas	152,595	72,870	79,720	39,310	18,740	20,570
Brazil	8,500	4,000	4,490	2,465	1,165	1,305
Colombia	15,300	6,885	8,415	2,495	1,175	1,320
Cuba	5,370	2,545	2,820	1,150	510	635
Haiti	19,985	9,160	10,830	865	415	450
Jamaica	12,495	6,680	5,820	7,205	3,760	3,440
Mexico	18,660	9,090	9,575	2,870	1,360	1,510
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	33,060	16,480	16,580	7,605	3,850	3,755
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	6,425	2,990	3,435	1,790	825	965
Other places of birth in Americas	32,790	15,040	17,750	12,860	5,660	7,195
Europe	140,030	70,995	69,035	30,555	14,975	15,580
France	24,150	13,000	11,150	1,360	660	700
Germany	6,300	3,255	3,045	875	475	400
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	5,660	3,540	2,120	1,445	905	540
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	5,900	2,735	3,165	750	350	400
Romania	7,610	3,330	4,280	1,415	555	860
Russian Federation	11,565	4,485	7,080	3,845	1,400	2,440
Ukraine	13,425	6,015	7,410	3,580	1,655	1,925
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	24,445	14,235	10,215	3,585	2,160	1,425
Other places of birth in Europe	40,970	20,405	20,570	13,695	6,810	6,885
Africa	162,800	81,545	81,245	23,910	11,705	12,200
Algeria	17,175	8,440	8,735	195	85	105
Cameroon	10,265	5,005	5,255	800	350	445
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	7,400	3,570	3,835	550	240	310
Côte d'Ivoire	6,240	3,030	3,210	280	135	145
Egypt	16,115	8,445	7,665	5,540	2,885	2,655
Eritrea	6,050	3,195	2,855	1,060	525	535
Ethiopia	7,510	3,625	3,890	1,655	745	910
Morocco	15,105	7,470	7,635	350	140	210
Nigeria	17,285	8,850	8,435	4,695	2,280	2,415
Somalia	5,335	2,600	2,730	1,115	530	590
South Africa, Republic of	5,765	2,935	2,830	770	405	360
Tunisia	6,700	3,475	3,230	125	85	35
Other places of birth in Africa	41,855	20,905	20,950	6,770	3,295	3,475
Asia	748,700	352,095	396,610	251,635	117,765	133,875
Afghanistan	9,240	4,530	4,710	4,500	2,235	2,260
Bangladesh	12,900	6,445	6,460	6,780	3,360	3,420
China^{Census data footnote 59}	129,020	57,745	71,270	48,955	21,765	27,185
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	4,975	2,090	2,880	1,740	700	1,040
India	147,190	75,145	72,045	57,455	28,890	28,570
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	42,070	20,580	21,490	18,565	8,985	9,575
Iraq	20,665	10,345	10,320	7,840	3,890	3,955
Israel	4,740	2,615	2,130	1,600	840	765
Japan	4,905	1,250	3,655	930	250	685
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	21,710	9,630	12,075	4,815	2,190	2,625
Lebanon	9,375	4,980	4,400	1,365	745	620
Nepal	7,505	3,780	3,715	2,415	1,235	1,180
Pakistan	41,480	20,530	20,945	20,360	9,960	10,400
Philippines	188,810	83,050	105,760	42,735	17,680	25,050
Saudi Arabia	5,465	2,820	2,640	2,020	1,030	990
Sri Lanka	11,495	5,190	6,305	7,095	3,095	3,995
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	29,945	15,245	14,700	5,365	2,790	2,570
Taiwan	4,310	1,685	2,625	755	305	450
Turkey	4,255	2,365	1,890	2,055	1,145	905
United Arab Emirates	6,135	3,220	2,910	3,175	1,605	1,575
Viet Nam	11,210	4,500	6,705	2,605	1,020	1,585
Other places of birth in Asia	31,320	14,345	16,970	8,510	4,035	4,470
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	7,955	4,670	3,280	1,230	740	490
Australia	4,965	2,950	2,010	955	600	355
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	2,990	1,720	1,270	270	140	135
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	34,460,060	16,971,575	17,488,485	5,371,020	2,606,395	2,764,630
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	8,219,555	3,936,045	4,283,505	2,753,115	1,295,920	1,457,195
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	6,100,725	3,053,075	3,047,650	1,541,070	777,190	763,880
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	20,139,790	9,982,460	10,157,330	1,076,835	533,280	543,555
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	5,703,615	2,709,530	2,994,085	2,051,830	965,135	1,086,695
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	2,994,130	1,496,240	1,497,885	1,023,350	505,520	517,835
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	1,220,755	755,370	465,380	409,525	251,475	158,050
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	1,773,380	740,870	1,032,510	613,825	254,045	359,780
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	1,782,490	728,085	1,054,400	690,870	282,355	408,515
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	858,845	453,675	405,175	308,760	164,150	144,605
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	68,145	31,530	36,615	28,845	13,110	15,735
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485	5,371,025	2,606,390	2,764,630
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	1,673,785	813,520	860,265	39,035	18,255	20,780
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	1,629,805	792,970	836,835	36,845	17,110	19,735
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	977,235	471,510	505,725	23,465	10,830	12,640
Métis	587,545	289,435	298,115	12,830	6,030	6,800
Inuk (Inuit)	65,030	32,030	32,995	550	255	300
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	21,310	10,165	11,145	975	465	510
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	22,670	10,385	12,290	1,215	680	540
Non-Aboriginal identity	32,786,280	16,158,060	16,628,225	5,331,990	2,588,140	2,743,850
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	34,460,065	16,971,580	17,488,490	5,371,025	2,606,390	2,764,635
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	820,120	395,670	424,445	12,605	5,825	6,785
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	33,639,945	16,575,905	17,064,040	5,358,415	2,600,565	2,757,850
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,490	5,371,020	2,606,390	2,764,630
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	727,790	356,970	370,815	6,375	2,865	3,510
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	709,235	347,985	361,245	6,220	2,790	3,425
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	573,215	280,040	293,180	4,945	2,185	2,760
Métis single ancestry	91,255	45,740	45,515	1,155	560	600
Inuit single ancestry	44,765	22,210	22,555	115	45	70
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	18,555	8,985	9,565	160	75	85
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	15,140	7,305	7,835	105	50	55
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	2,470	1,205	1,265	20	10	10
Métis and Inuit ancestries	770	390	380	15	10	15
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	170	85	85	15	10	10
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	1,402,735	669,710	733,025	55,150	25,815	29,330
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	1,347,610	644,210	703,400	53,685	25,160	28,530
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	881,455	418,215	463,235	40,680	19,105	21,565
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	441,000	213,940	227,065	12,265	5,720	6,540
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	25,155	12,045	13,105	750	335	415
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	55,125	25,505	29,625	1,460	655	800
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	49,325	22,740	26,585	1,250	550	705
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	3,470	1,655	1,815	130	55	70
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,005	940	1,065	80	50	30
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	325	170	160	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	32,329,545	15,944,900	16,384,645	5,309,500	2,577,710	2,731,790
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485	5,371,025	2,606,395	2,764,635
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	7,674,580	3,725,090	3,949,495	2,910,660	1,400,000	1,510,655
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	1,924,635	977,690	946,945	932,145	470,380	461,760
Chinese	1,577,060	746,400	830,665	618,280	294,255	324,025
Black	1,198,540	580,070	618,475	430,280	198,790	231,490
Filipino	780,125	341,800	438,330	246,415	105,285	141,130
Latin American	447,325	215,460	231,860	126,485	60,725	65,755
Arab	523,235	276,425	246,810	100,155	51,885	48,270
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	313,260	148,880	164,385	80,335	37,780	42,560
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	264,305	133,475	130,825	120,685	60,285	60,400
Korean	188,710	89,110	99,600	68,155	32,470	35,685
Japanese	92,920	40,105	52,815	19,515	8,415	11,095
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	132,090	62,540	69,550	75,005	34,935	40,070
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	232,375	113,140	119,230	93,210	44,785	48,425
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	26,785,480	13,246,485	13,539,000	2,460,360	1,206,390	1,253,975
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485	5,371,025	2,606,390	2,764,630
North American Aboriginal origins	2,130,520	1,026,675	1,103,840	61,525	28,680	32,840
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,525,570	731,410	794,155	47,150	21,970	25,175
Inuit	79,130	38,695	40,435	1,125	515	610
Métis	599,995	291,310	308,690	14,890	6,945	7,950
Other North American origins	11,628,535	5,745,695	5,882,835	659,555	326,935	332,620
Acadian	119,675	57,805	61,865	3,660	1,810	1,850
American	377,405	182,690	194,715	44,030	21,480	22,550
Canadian	11,135,965	5,501,595	5,634,370	623,605	309,300	314,305
New Brunswicker	1,490	800	685	80	50	30
Newfoundlander	22,215	11,420	10,800	2,605	1,325	1,285
Nova Scotian	3,700	1,770	1,930	595	270	330
Ontarian	3,925	1,980	1,945	575	340	235
Québécois	194,560	99,320	95,235	1,400	685	720
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	1,895	950	945	220	120	100
European origins	19,683,320	9,687,715	9,995,605	2,413,560	1,173,265	1,240,300
British Isles origins	11,211,850	5,474,735	5,737,115	1,074,255	524,990	549,260
Channel Islander	3,595	1,740	1,855	400	210	190
Cornish	1,975	995	975	175	90	85
English	6,320,085	3,069,515	3,250,570	605,385	296,180	309,205
Irish	4,627,000	2,195,620	2,431,385	456,650	218,130	238,520
Manx	6,125	3,090	3,040	720	425	295
Scottish	4,799,005	2,323,390	2,475,620	452,050	218,755	233,290
Welsh	474,805	226,600	248,210	47,510	22,785	24,730
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	644,695	307,090	337,610	92,185	44,145	48,040
French origins	4,680,820	2,283,480	2,397,340	212,840	100,750	112,095
Alsatian	2,800	1,300	1,495	320	125	200
Breton	11,845	5,765	6,080	55	35	20
Corsican	1,750	950	805	55	25	25
French	4,670,595	2,278,430	2,392,165	212,520	100,605	111,915
Western European origins (except French origins)	4,600,855	2,258,095	2,342,760	331,540	160,995	170,550
Austrian	207,050	100,775	106,275	26,905	13,040	13,865
Bavarian	940	485	455	135	50	80
Belgian	186,665	91,395	95,270	8,330	3,800	4,530
Dutch	1,111,655	546,565	565,090	78,240	37,405	40,835
Flemish	11,685	5,730	5,960	790	375	415
Frisian	4,590	2,395	2,195	350	205	145
German	3,322,405	1,626,785	1,695,615	229,980	112,255	117,725
Luxembourger	3,915	2,025	1,890	260	130	135
Swiss	155,120	76,935	78,185	12,710	6,340	6,365
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	3,365	1,645	1,720	480	225	255
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	1,201,320	579,005	622,315	59,615	28,865	30,755
Danish	207,470	100,660	106,810	12,805	6,390	6,415
Finnish	143,645	69,045	74,600	13,915	6,490	7,425
Icelandic	101,795	49,875	51,915	3,415	1,700	1,705
Norwegian	463,275	223,075	240,200	14,525	7,170	7,350
Swedish	349,645	163,545	186,095	16,290	7,525	8,770
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	52,780	26,965	25,820	3,115	1,485	1,630
Eastern European origins	3,431,245	1,666,740	1,764,505	547,800	260,365	287,440
Bulgarian	34,565	16,935	17,625	10,575	5,165	5,415
Byelorussian	20,710	10,190	10,515	7,840	3,830	4,015
Czech	104,580	51,555	53,030	15,200	7,335	7,870
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	40,715	19,235	21,480	4,075	1,935	2,135
Estonian	24,530	11,715	12,815	6,865	3,200	3,665
Hungarian	348,085	170,040	178,045	54,240	26,295	27,945
Latvian	30,725	14,920	15,805	8,960	4,185	4,775
Lithuanian	59,285	28,745	30,535	18,260	8,760	9,500
Moldovan	14,915	7,265	7,650	2,915	1,495	1,415
Polish	1,106,585	533,830	572,750	217,410	103,490	113,920
Romanian	238,050	114,705	123,345	47,340	22,500	24,840
Russian	622,445	297,600	324,850	133,800	62,215	71,585
Slovak	72,285	35,360	36,925	13,180	6,350	6,835
Ukrainian	1,359,655	663,560	696,095	130,370	62,245	68,130
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	20,415	9,895	10,520	7,120	3,335	3,785
Southern European origins	3,012,375	1,494,605	1,517,775	885,785	435,925	449,855
Albanian	36,185	18,385	17,800	17,125	8,655	8,465
Bosnian	26,740	13,320	13,420	6,150	2,995	3,150
Catalan	1,280	740	535	165	105	60
Croatian	133,970	67,825	66,140	32,740	16,365	16,375
Cypriot	5,650	2,850	2,795	2,355	1,195	1,160
Greek	271,410	137,405	134,005	92,410	46,340	46,070
Italian	1,587,965	794,525	793,445	421,900	209,670	212,230
Kosovar	2,865	1,470	1,395	480	255	225
Macedonian	43,110	21,650	21,460	25,245	12,585	12,660
Maltese	41,920	20,955	20,965	16,145	7,995	8,155
Montenegrin	4,160	2,180	1,985	1,420	680	740
Portuguese	482,605	239,360	243,250	191,040	92,890	98,150
Serbian	96,530	49,095	47,440	31,710	15,945	15,770
Sicilian	6,940	3,500	3,435	1,370	690	675
Slovenian	40,470	20,105	20,365	11,400	5,655	5,745
Spanish	396,460	184,520	211,945	99,960	46,885	53,080
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	38,480	18,620	19,860	5,865	2,810	3,060
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	2,170	1,030	1,135	480	205	275
Other European origins	226,695	115,110	111,580	70,120	35,070	35,045
Basque	6,965	3,690	3,275	755	360	395
Jewish	143,660	72,625	71,035	57,840	29,035	28,800
Roma (Gypsy)	4,630	2,195	2,440	1,150	545	605
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	4,870	2,560	2,310	895	475	420
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	67,890	34,730	33,160	9,935	4,875	5,060
Caribbean origins	749,155	349,810	399,345	333,840	151,150	182,690
Antiguan	4,500	2,115	2,385	2,390	1,050	1,340
Bahamian	3,675	1,915	1,760	1,200	610	590
Barbadian	37,780	17,745	20,035	17,490	7,935	9,550
Bermudan	3,075	1,435	1,640	930	430	500
Carib	3,030	1,175	1,860	1,745	625	1,120
Cuban	29,065	13,800	15,270	8,800	4,000	4,795
Dominican	23,130	11,000	12,125	6,160	2,945	3,220
Grenadian	17,915	7,835	10,080	12,185	5,235	6,945
Guadeloupean	1,125	515	605	40	10	30
Haitian	165,095	76,460	88,635	5,020	2,375	2,645
Jamaican	309,485	145,080	164,410	193,360	87,610	105,750
Kittitian/Nevisian	2,915	1,460	1,460	1,785	850	935
Martinican	2,010	900	1,110	150	50	100
Montserratan	930	460	470	425	195	225
Puerto Rican	3,405	1,645	1,765	675	355	325
St. Lucian	8,985	4,095	4,890	5,310	2,305	3,005
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	78,965	37,325	41,635	42,230	19,320	22,905
Vincentian/Grenadinian	17,420	7,475	9,945	9,995	4,200	5,795
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	70,270	31,625	38,645	44,630	19,830	24,800
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	26,830	12,520	14,310	12,890	5,740	7,145
Latin, Central and South American origins	674,640	325,210	349,430	202,120	95,220	106,905
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	22,725	10,875	11,850	6,755	3,135	3,620
Arawak	1,440	610	830	680	305	375
Argentinian	20,680	10,130	10,545	7,850	3,800	4,045
Belizean	1,755	915	845	335	150	180
Bolivian	5,055	2,480	2,580	1,240	600	645
Brazilian	36,830	17,380	19,455	12,250	5,925	6,320
Chilean	45,190	22,280	22,910	9,985	4,805	5,180
Colombian	96,325	45,590	50,735	23,130	11,070	12,065
Costa Rican	5,535	2,680	2,855	1,720	890	835
Ecuadorian	25,405	11,995	13,415	17,005	8,040	8,965
Guatemalan	26,275	13,360	12,915	5,575	2,680	2,895
Guyanese	84,275	39,530	44,745	55,335	25,270	30,060
Hispanic	11,055	5,380	5,670	3,455	1,690	1,765
Honduran	10,650	5,235	5,415	1,670	755	915
Maya	6,285	3,350	2,940	1,105	545	555
Mexican	128,485	62,890	65,595	18,380	8,520	9,860
Nicaraguan	13,705	6,650	7,055	3,520	1,700	1,815
Panamanian	4,700	2,210	2,495	1,715	745	970
Paraguayan	4,325	2,165	2,160	275	120	150
Peruvian	42,145	19,645	22,505	10,025	4,655	5,370
Salvadorean	66,220	32,960	33,255	14,435	7,115	7,315
Uruguayan	6,795	3,390	3,410	3,040	1,570	1,475
Venezuelan	26,345	12,220	14,125	7,825	3,550	4,285
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	28,455	13,930	14,525	8,800	4,320	4,480
African origins	1,067,930	539,805	528,120	257,720	125,440	132,280
Central and West African origins	230,110	118,040	112,070	57,350	28,290	29,060
Akan	1,955	1,090	870	705	400	305
Angolan	2,960	1,475	1,480	1,010	480	530
Ashanti	1,585	855	735	1,055	535	515
Beninese	4,995	2,670	2,320	370	190	180
Burkinabe	3,150	1,665	1,485	100	40	55
Cameroonian	24,615	12,390	12,230	2,445	1,205	1,240
Chadian	1,845	955	885	185	95	90
Congolese	38,365	18,925	19,440	3,920	1,865	2,050
Edo	1,945	1,095	855	925	485	440
Ewe	845	470	375	160	90	70
Gabonese	1,405	660	750	50	10	35
Gambian	975	495	475	550	250	295
Ghanaian	35,495	17,720	17,770	19,995	9,485	10,510
Guinean	7,240	3,785	3,455	620	325	300
Ibo	5,315	2,850	2,470	1,460	760	705
Ivorian	10,935	5,485	5,450	615	285	330
Liberian	2,485	1,130	1,360	295	125	170
Malian	4,490	2,280	2,210	265	140	125
Malinké	1,125	585	535	225	105	120
Nigerian	51,835	27,025	24,805	18,855	9,540	9,310
Peulh	2,435	1,270	1,170	65	35	25
Senegalese	10,175	5,500	4,670	530	280	250
Sierra Leonean	2,620	1,330	1,295	815	400	410
Togolese	5,300	2,870	2,430	315	205	105
Wolof	840	495	345	45	20	20
Yoruba	9,585	5,075	4,515	2,735	1,460	1,275
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	15,380	7,940	7,445	2,785	1,365	1,420
North African origins	355,045	185,775	169,270	50,800	26,105	24,695
Algerian	67,335	34,755	32,580	1,650	810	840
Berber	37,060	19,685	17,375	665	360	305
Coptic	3,535	1,860	1,680	1,640	855	785
Dinka	900	500	400	15	10	0
Egyptian	99,140	51,730	47,410	33,855	17,375	16,475
Libyan	7,740	4,135	3,605	1,260	675	595
Maure	1,190	655	535	235	135	110
Moroccan	103,940	54,005	49,945	8,380	4,340	4,050
Sudanese	19,960	10,315	9,645	3,610	1,755	1,855
Tunisian	25,645	13,985	11,665	1,060	570	495
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	6,115	3,320	2,795	825	445	380
Southern and East African origins	260,145	128,325	131,815	78,235	37,260	40,970
Afrikaner	1,870	955	915	315	160	155
Amhara	1,530	815	715	490	235	255
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	3,965	2,175	1,785	285	160	125
Burundian	10,990	5,405	5,580	650	360	290
Djiboutian	1,710	790	920	210	100	110
Eritrean	25,255	12,830	12,430	7,555	3,650	3,910
Ethiopian	44,065	21,680	22,385	15,900	7,615	8,280
Harari	665	355	305	460	250	210
Kenyan	10,915	5,230	5,685	3,880	1,805	2,080
Malagasy	4,500	2,175	2,325	170	75	95
Mauritian	9,325	4,655	4,665	2,710	1,405	1,305
Oromo	3,350	1,745	1,605	830	370	460
Rwandan	10,775	5,065	5,705	1,065	475	590
Seychellois	1,285	575	710	150	60	95
Somali	62,550	30,215	32,330	25,400	11,755	13,650
South African	41,375	20,575	20,800	11,025	5,505	5,520
Tanzanian	4,710	2,400	2,310	1,820	910	910
Tigrian	2,155	1,160	995	415	210	200
Ugandan	5,705	2,875	2,830	1,935	930	1,005
Zambian	1,860	935	920	355	175	185
Zimbabwean	8,090	3,975	4,110	1,670	775	900
Zulu	945	475	475	185	100	90
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	17,305	8,445	8,860	5,190	2,250	2,940
Other African origins	239,560	116,400	123,165	75,020	35,540	39,485
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	30,385	14,015	16,370	10,710	4,630	6,080
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	212,005	103,790	108,215	65,110	31,290	33,825
Asian origins	6,095,235	2,958,120	3,137,115	2,352,765	1,139,965	1,212,805
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	1,011,145	518,170	492,980	317,140	160,115	157,025
Afghan	83,995	42,320	41,675	40,230	20,175	20,055
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	111,400	58,930	52,475	22,105	11,430	10,675
Armenian	63,810	31,505	32,305	20,645	10,010	10,635
Assyrian	13,835	7,115	6,720	7,240	3,690	3,550
Azerbaijani	6,425	3,230	3,200	3,280	1,595	1,685
Georgian	4,775	2,430	2,345	2,340	1,195	1,140
Hazara	1,515	810	705	510	270	240
Iranian	210,405	106,565	103,840	94,955	47,625	47,335
Iraqi	70,925	35,965	34,955	27,230	13,595	13,640
Israeli	28,735	15,065	13,675	14,170	7,315	6,855
Jordanian	14,250	7,520	6,735	5,115	2,755	2,365
Kazakh	3,330	1,615	1,710	940	410	525
Kurd	16,315	8,810	7,515	4,290	2,295	2,000
Kuwaiti	2,235	1,185	1,055	330	205	130
Kyrgyz	1,060	510	550	235	80	150
Lebanese	219,555	112,970	106,590	27,635	14,100	13,540
Palestinian	44,820	23,900	20,920	14,465	7,765	6,695
Pashtun	4,810	2,565	2,245	1,925	1,070	855
Saudi Arabian	6,810	3,935	2,880	1,600	840	760
Syrian	77,045	38,445	38,600	15,545	7,565	7,990
Tajik	2,905	1,410	1,495	1,390	640	750
Tatar	4,825	2,155	2,670	1,750	750	1,000
Turk	63,955	32,855	31,100	22,165	11,210	10,955
Turkmen	1,040	540	500	400	200	200
Uighur	1,555	775	785	540	255	285
Uzbek	3,920	1,920	2,000	1,670	820	850
Yemeni	6,645	3,335	3,305	2,450	1,145	1,305
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	25,280	13,180	12,100	9,695	5,005	4,690
South Asian origins	1,963,330	993,595	969,735	953,545	478,660	474,885
Bangladeshi	45,940	23,645	22,300	23,010	11,790	11,220
Bengali	22,900	11,730	11,180	12,255	6,260	5,995
Bhutanese	3,600	1,765	1,835	150	80	70
East Indian	1,374,710	694,990	679,720	618,685	310,525	308,160
Goan	6,070	2,915	3,155	3,840	1,770	2,075
Gujarati	8,350	4,305	4,050	4,775	2,475	2,295
Kashmiri	3,115	1,605	1,510	1,305	670	635
Nepali	17,140	8,715	8,420	5,350	2,630	2,720
Pakistani	215,555	110,420	105,140	113,270	57,500	55,770
Punjabi	118,400	61,155	57,240	45,820	23,605	22,215
Sinhalese	7,285	3,605	3,685	3,770	1,840	1,930
Sri Lankan	152,595	75,010	77,585	110,210	53,705	56,505
Tamil	48,670	24,845	23,825	38,690	19,580	19,110
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	76,400	38,815	37,585	47,545	24,110	23,435
East and Southeast Asian origins	3,163,360	1,467,205	1,696,155	1,103,325	511,400	591,925
Burmese	9,335	4,535	4,795	2,075	915	1,165
Cambodian (Khmer)	38,490	18,515	19,980	5,945	2,740	3,205
Chinese	1,769,195	836,150	933,045	684,395	324,960	359,435
Filipino	837,130	369,105	468,025	265,560	114,395	151,165
Hmong	805	420	390	50	25	25
Indonesian	21,390	9,950	11,440	5,845	2,710	3,130
Japanese	121,485	53,415	68,070	26,485	11,605	14,880
Karen	4,510	2,275	2,240	265	120	145
Korean	198,210	93,680	104,525	71,740	34,180	37,560
Laotian	24,580	12,190	12,390	3,805	1,880	1,930
Malaysian	16,920	7,735	9,185	5,335	2,510	2,825
Mongolian	7,480	3,560	3,915	1,890	855	1,035
Singaporean	2,850	1,325	1,520	1,005	455	550
Taiwanese	36,510	16,570	19,945	7,820	3,580	4,240
Thai	19,010	7,330	11,680	3,240	1,225	2,010
Tibetan	8,040	4,055	3,985	5,935	2,975	2,960
Vietnamese	240,615	115,935	124,680	71,425	33,860	37,565
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	6,500	3,150	3,355	3,220	1,585	1,640
Other Asian origins	22,745	11,280	11,460	9,945	4,905	5,040
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	22,740	11,280	11,460	9,945	4,905	5,040
Oceania origins	85,470	43,030	42,440	8,815	4,450	4,365
Australian	42,315	21,710	20,605	5,315	2,775	2,540
New Zealander	15,395	8,065	7,330	1,755	925	830
Pacific Islands origins	29,485	14,240	15,250	1,950	885	1,070
Fijian	19,375	9,280	10,090	1,170	490	685
Hawaiian	3,295	1,500	1,795	175	85	90
Maori	2,500	1,310	1,195	165	95	75
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	1,530	725	805	100	40	65
Samoan	1,100	625	475	95	45	45
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	2,335	1,145	1,185	330	155	175
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	14,072,075	...	...	1,967,560	...	...
Owner	9,541,320	...	...	1,276,425	...	...
Renter	4,474,530	...	...	691,140	...	...
Band housing	56,230	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	14,072,075	...	...	1,967,560	...	...
Condominium	1,874,840	...	...	434,620	...	...
Not condominium	12,197,240	...	...	1,532,935	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	14,072,080	...	...	1,967,555	...	...
No bedrooms	93,345	...	...	24,005	...	...
1 bedroom	1,925,015	...	...	376,525	...	...
2 bedrooms	3,547,090	...	...	432,060	...	...
3 bedrooms	4,836,485	...	...	556,210	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	3,670,145	...	...	578,765	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	14,072,075	...	...	1,967,555	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	4,068,915	...	...	732,945	...	...
5 rooms	2,177,045	...	...	269,420	...	...
6 rooms	1,981,585	...	...	250,890	...	...
7 rooms	1,790,180	...	...	220,325	...	...
8 or more rooms	4,054,355	...	...	493,975	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	14,072,080	...	...	1,967,560	...	...
One person or fewer per room	13,802,060	...	...	1,876,310	...	...
More than 1 person per room	270,020	...	...	91,250	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	14,072,075	...	...	1,967,560	...	...
Suitable	13,376,345	...	...	1,767,780	...	...
Not suitable	695,730	...	...	199,770	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	14,072,080	...	...	1,967,560	...	...
1960 or before	3,126,380	...	...	413,230	...	...
1961 to 1980	4,185,510	...	...	529,935	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,977,640	...	...	279,160	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,746,390	...	...	246,640	...	...
2001 to 2005	976,390	...	...	179,090	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,089,750	...	...	163,020	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	970,015	...	...	156,485	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	14,072,080	...	...	1,967,560	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	13,151,600	...	...	1,858,255	...	...
Major repairs needed	920,480	...	...	109,300	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	14,072,080	...	...	1,967,560	...	...
1 household maintainer	8,324,865	...	...	1,124,090	...	...
2 household maintainers	5,404,800	...	...	759,115	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	342,415	...	...	84,350	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	14,072,080	...	...	1,967,560	...	...
15 to 24 years	437,230	...	...	47,450	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,991,685	...	...	277,355	...	...
35 to 44 years	2,414,920	...	...	371,615	...	...
45 to 54 years	2,862,870	...	...	454,610	...	...
55 to 64 years	2,859,315	...	...	381,365	...	...
65 to 74 years	2,034,220	...	...	242,735	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,084,700	...	...	137,935	...	...
85 years and over	387,135	...	...	54,490	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	13,798,305	...	...	1,964,415	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	10,472,355	...	...	1,292,415	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	3,325,950	...	...	671,995	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,861,615	...	...	553,740	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	9,368,330	...	...	1,276,365	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	60.7	...	...	62.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	16.6	...	...	27.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,130	...	...	1,649	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,313	...	...	1,755	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	341,556	...	...	648,719	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	443,058	...	...	743,131	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,452,850	...	...	691,125	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	13.0	...	...	14.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	40.0	...	...	46.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	910	...	...	1,207	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,002	...	...	1,263	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	28,643,015	13,990,435	14,652,580	4,485,730	2,151,895	2,333,830
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,239,575	2,667,995	2,571,585	730,915	345,155	385,765
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	7,576,400	3,686,630	3,889,770	1,147,670	564,185	583,480
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,827,040	7,635,805	8,191,230	2,607,140	1,242,555	1,364,580
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,800,260	1,906,610	893,650	190,445	124,915	65,530
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	1,549,880	880,365	669,515	105,015	61,850	43,165
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	1,250,385	1,026,250	224,140	85,425	63,060	22,360
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	5,553,825	2,326,940	3,226,890	756,515	330,560	425,950
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	813,335	331,940	481,395	126,335	56,415	69,925
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	6,659,615	3,070,315	3,589,300	1,533,855	730,670	803,185
Bachelor's degree	4,443,835	1,967,905	2,475,935	1,009,045	465,915	543,125
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	462,295	203,725	258,570	100,985	46,510	54,480
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	190,925	102,530	88,395	42,640	21,280	21,355
Master's degree	1,331,045	651,510	679,535	335,240	168,965	166,270
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	231,510	144,640	86,870	45,945	28,000	17,945
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	18,931,380	9,268,555	9,662,830	3,020,615	1,447,205	1,573,410
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,169,790	1,200,110	969,685	292,270	146,320	145,950
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	4,494,585	2,247,020	2,247,565	647,655	324,200	323,455
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,267,005	5,821,425	6,445,580	2,080,685	976,680	1,104,005
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,042,430	1,377,775	664,650	129,450	84,010	45,440
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	1,145,035	639,785	505,250	71,910	41,985	29,930
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	897,390	737,990	159,405	57,540	42,030	15,510
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	4,241,985	1,786,065	2,455,920	589,090	256,645	332,445
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	580,885	240,040	340,850	94,740	42,000	52,740
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	5,401,705	2,417,555	2,984,155	1,267,410	594,025	673,385
Bachelor's degree	3,590,080	1,562,160	2,027,925	821,300	376,095	445,205
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	362,455	151,205	211,250	81,920	36,340	45,580
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	153,290	74,440	78,855	34,910	16,305	18,605
Master's degree	1,120,190	527,335	592,850	293,070	144,435	148,630
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	175,685	102,415	73,275	36,215	20,850	15,365
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	28,643,015	13,990,430	14,652,585	4,485,725	2,151,900	2,333,825
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	12,815,980	6,354,625	6,461,350	1,878,585	909,335	969,245
Education	1,060,095	251,290	808,800	130,685	26,640	104,045
13. Education	1,060,095	251,290	808,805	130,690	26,640	104,050
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	596,230	268,050	328,180	130,390	58,720	71,675
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	99,020	72,865	26,150	16,640	12,320	4,315
50. Visual and performing arts	497,210	195,185	302,025	113,755	46,395	67,360
Humanities	850,840	330,490	520,345	179,405	63,540	115,865
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	98,000	22,100	75,900	21,645	4,760	16,885
23. English language and literature/letters	178,590	52,785	125,810	50,845	14,640	36,205
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	275,525	104,135	171,390	53,905	18,055	35,845
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	4,160	1,640	2,520	870	385	475
38. Philosophy and religious studies	51,930	30,185	21,750	11,750	6,510	5,240
39. Theology and religious vocations	77,490	46,285	31,200	9,435	5,960	3,470
54. History	111,465	59,965	51,500	24,730	12,250	12,475
55. French language and literature/letters	53,680	13,400	40,290	6,240	970	5,265
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,761,900	586,455	1,175,445	375,990	132,895	243,090
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	24,685	5,660	19,025	5,275	1,010	4,265
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	182,275	68,030	114,245	41,765	16,265	25,495
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	324,660	26,065	298,595	51,475	4,985	46,485
22. Legal professions and studies	289,600	102,660	186,945	64,720	25,805	38,915
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	35,445	8,150	27,295	6,200	1,435	4,760
42. Psychology	281,470	71,230	210,230	52,075	12,435	39,640
45. Social sciences	623,775	304,660	319,110	154,480	70,955	83,525
Business, management and public administration	3,360,045	1,272,475	2,087,565	635,290	286,145	349,150
30.16 Accounting and computer science	6,190	1,850	4,340	1,300	505	800
44. Public administration and social service professions	237,835	48,815	189,015	38,360	8,100	30,265
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,116,025	1,221,805	1,894,215	595,630	277,540	318,090
Physical and life sciences and technologies	614,280	315,665	298,615	126,840	59,465	67,380
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	249,955	105,560	144,400	53,350	21,080	32,270
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	125,600	61,685	63,915	31,225	13,705	17,520
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	28,155	12,625	15,530	2,340	735	1,605
40. Physical sciences	179,305	122,815	56,485	35,555	22,435	13,125
41. Science technologies/technicians	31,270	12,980	18,290	4,370	1,505	2,865
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	651,480	420,370	231,110	158,045	102,350	55,695
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	514,685	356,435	158,250	122,045	83,770	38,275
25. Library science	40,820	6,495	34,320	5,560	935	4,630
27. Mathematics and statistics	86,655	50,930	35,725	27,925	15,910	12,015
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	9,325	6,510	2,815	2,520	1,745	775
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	3,327,405	3,022,700	304,700	439,230	375,990	63,235
04. Architecture and related services	114,315	72,880	41,435	28,885	18,400	10,485
14. Engineering	752,465	615,880	136,585	199,695	158,560	41,140
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	620,065	551,855	68,205	73,645	65,980	7,665
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	410	85	325	100	25	75
46. Construction trades	702,155	682,710	19,445	53,550	52,345	1,200
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	731,135	709,430	21,705	55,235	53,715	1,525
48. Precision production	406,855	389,850	17,005	28,120	26,975	1,145
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	339,050	219,040	120,010	27,465	14,400	13,070
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	205,930	127,925	78,005	16,015	8,845	7,170
03. Natural resources and conservation	133,120	91,115	42,005	11,455	5,550	5,900
Health and related fields	2,266,720	441,180	1,825,545	303,620	74,055	229,570
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	164,295	81,260	83,040	24,245	12,480	11,765
51. Health professions and related programs	2,047,680	329,010	1,718,670	267,470	55,340	212,130
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	54,740	30,910	23,830	11,905	6,230	5,675
Personal, protective and transportation services	995,825	507,200	488,630	99,875	48,260	51,615
12. Personal and culinary services	565,555	151,530	414,025	62,940	19,925	43,010
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	3,505	3,080	420	365	330	35
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	7,900	7,230	670	480	455	25
43. Security and protective services	206,745	150,540	56,205	22,935	15,975	6,960
49. Transportation and materials moving	212,125	194,810	17,315	13,160	11,585	1,580
Other	3,170	885	2,280	295	100	195
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	3,170	890	2,280	290	95	195
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	18,931,385	9,268,555	9,662,825	3,020,615	1,447,205	1,573,415
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	6,664,380	3,447,130	3,217,250	939,930	470,525	469,405
Education	727,515	160,315	567,205	95,095	18,915	76,180
13. Education	727,515	160,315	567,200	95,100	18,915	76,185
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	467,905	208,365	259,545	104,620	47,155	57,465
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	74,530	53,995	20,535	12,780	9,495	3,285
50. Visual and performing arts	393,375	154,370	239,005	91,845	37,665	54,185
Humanities	614,815	232,425	382,390	139,350	48,065	91,290
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	76,540	16,200	60,340	17,015	3,465	13,545
23. English language and literature/letters	133,800	38,310	95,485	39,550	11,125	28,425
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	191,005	71,770	119,235	42,735	13,895	28,845
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	3,140	1,250	1,895	690	320	370
38. Philosophy and religious studies	37,870	21,930	15,940	9,135	5,110	4,030
39. Theology and religious vocations	52,295	31,200	21,090	6,935	4,370	2,560
54. History	82,565	43,475	39,085	18,705	9,180	9,525
55. French language and literature/letters	37,600	8,285	29,315	4,585	600	3,980
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,417,625	453,100	964,525	304,820	105,350	199,465
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20,300	4,595	15,705	4,315	850	3,470
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	152,080	56,125	95,955	34,495	13,470	21,020
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	259,845	19,160	240,685	39,405	3,515	35,890
22. Legal professions and studies	241,170	76,720	164,445	54,925	20,115	34,810
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	27,310	6,390	20,920	4,850	1,185	3,660
42. Psychology	218,470	51,570	166,900	40,890	9,305	31,585
45. Social sciences	498,450	238,540	259,915	125,945	56,905	69,040
Business, management and public administration	2,696,770	1,000,895	1,695,875	524,355	231,890	292,465
30.16 Accounting and computer science	4,955	1,480	3,475	1,095	405	685
44. Public administration and social service professions	192,190	36,890	155,305	30,890	6,455	24,440
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,499,625	962,530	1,537,095	492,370	225,035	267,335
Physical and life sciences and technologies	449,870	222,120	227,755	96,435	43,745	52,695
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	195,830	79,945	115,880	40,650	15,625	25,025
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	89,205	42,265	46,945	24,030	10,235	13,800
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	9,280	3,850	5,430	1,920	625	1,295
40. Physical sciences	132,935	87,025	45,905	26,590	16,240	10,350
41. Science technologies/technicians	22,625	9,035	13,590	3,245	1,020	2,225
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	567,415	368,840	198,575	140,470	91,425	49,045
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	464,000	321,805	142,190	111,605	76,680	34,920
25. Library science	29,955	4,870	25,080	3,950	715	3,235
27. Mathematics and statistics	65,620	36,895	28,725	22,690	12,525	10,165
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	7,840	5,270	2,575	2,235	1,505	725
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	2,532,555	2,271,735	260,820	338,415	284,970	53,445
04. Architecture and related services	93,135	57,280	35,850	23,725	14,720	9,010
14. Engineering	612,265	490,980	121,285	163,350	127,605	35,750
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	475,045	418,595	56,450	54,630	48,775	5,860
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	350	70	275	95	20	75
46. Construction trades	515,630	499,670	15,960	38,265	37,375	895
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	540,800	523,425	17,375	39,680	38,605	1,070
48. Precision production	295,335	281,715	13,620	18,670	17,870	795
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	269,445	167,680	101,770	21,845	11,015	10,830
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	159,975	94,680	65,295	12,520	6,515	6,005
03. Natural resources and conservation	109,470	73,000	36,470	9,325	4,500	4,820
Health and related fields	1,749,545	342,395	1,407,145	239,960	58,120	181,845
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	129,560	63,315	66,245	18,145	9,295	8,850
51. Health professions and related programs	1,576,945	256,895	1,320,050	212,380	44,170	168,205
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	43,040	22,185	20,860	9,440	4,655	4,785
Personal, protective and transportation services	770,950	392,820	378,135	75,070	35,955	39,115
12. Personal and culinary services	431,415	114,395	317,025	47,120	14,595	32,530
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	2,725	2,355	375	260	225	40
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	4,425	3,975	445	220	210	15
43. Security and protective services	162,995	116,750	46,240	17,030	11,690	5,345
49. Transportation and materials moving	169,400	155,340	14,050	10,430	9,235	1,190
Other	2,590	745	1,845	250	75	170
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	2,585	740	1,845	250	75	170
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	28,643,015	13,990,435	14,652,585	4,485,725	2,151,895	2,333,830
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,815,975	6,354,625	6,461,350	1,878,585	909,340	969,245
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	15,827,040	7,635,805	8,191,235	2,607,145	1,242,560	1,364,585
Location of study inside Canada	13,117,190	6,299,305	6,817,890	1,736,445	819,555	916,895
Same as province or territory of residence	11,519,215	5,503,640	6,015,575	1,599,135	752,170	846,965
Different than province or territory of residence	1,597,975	795,655	802,315	137,320	67,390	69,930
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	2,709,850	1,336,505	1,373,345	870,690	423,000	447,690
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	349,540	189,995	159,545	78,865	43,540	35,330
Philippines	298,830	109,820	189,020	93,650	32,815	60,840
India	281,415	142,410	138,995	137,910	69,690	68,220
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	232,035	131,050	100,980	54,970	30,515	24,455
China^{Census data footnote 162}	205,375	94,690	110,685	77,375	36,630	40,745
France	88,860	50,400	38,455	6,540	3,550	2,985
Other	1,253,790	618,135	635,655	421,380	206,260	215,120
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	18,931,380	9,268,555	9,662,830	3,020,615	1,447,200	1,573,410
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,664,380	3,447,125	3,217,250	939,930	470,525	469,405
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	12,267,005	5,821,430	6,445,575	2,080,685	976,680	1,104,005
Location of study inside Canada	10,134,590	4,807,045	5,327,545	1,382,850	646,575	736,280
Same as province or territory of residence	8,918,160	4,207,495	4,710,665	1,273,355	592,550	680,800
Different than province or territory of residence	1,216,425	599,545	616,875	109,500	54,015	55,480
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	2,132,415	1,014,385	1,118,030	697,835	330,110	367,725
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	254,245	131,955	122,290	62,760	33,745	29,020
Philippines	263,095	96,025	167,065	79,090	27,270	51,820
India	239,535	117,445	122,090	118,455	58,170	60,290
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	133,655	73,575	60,085	34,420	18,765	15,660
China^{Census data footnote 162}	175,825	79,635	96,190	65,240	30,415	34,825
France	72,920	40,610	32,310	5,490	2,965	2,530
Other	993,135	475,145	517,990	332,375	158,785	173,590
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	28,643,020	13,990,430	14,652,585	4,485,725	2,151,895	2,333,830
In the labour force	18,672,475	9,731,830	8,940,645	2,954,195	1,522,940	1,431,255
Employed	17,230,040	8,923,540	8,306,490	2,720,530	1,407,640	1,312,890
Unemployed	1,442,435	808,285	634,150	233,665	115,300	118,365
Not in the labour force	9,970,545	4,258,605	5,711,945	1,531,530	628,960	902,575
Participation rate	65.2	69.6	61.0	65.9	70.8	61.3
Employment rate	60.2	63.8	56.7	60.6	65.4	56.3
Unemployment rate	7.7	8.3	7.1	7.9	7.6	8.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	28,643,020	13,990,430	14,652,580	4,485,725	2,151,895	2,333,830
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	9,282,005	3,930,570	5,351,440	1,487,830	612,205	875,630
Worked	19,361,010	10,059,865	9,301,150	2,997,895	1,539,690	1,458,200
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	9,626,010	5,402,110	4,223,895	1,532,845	848,305	684,545
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	9,735,005	4,657,755	5,077,245	1,465,045	691,385	773,660
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.4	42.9	42.0	42.5	43.1	41.8
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	18,672,470	9,731,825	8,940,640	2,954,195	1,522,940	1,431,255
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	404,350	197,705	206,640	85,760	39,655	46,105
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	18,268,125	9,534,120	8,734,000	2,868,435	1,483,280	1,385,155
Employee	16,073,685	8,158,745	7,914,940	2,505,850	1,246,505	1,259,345
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	2,194,440	1,375,380	819,060	362,585	236,780	125,805
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	18,672,470	9,731,830	8,940,645	2,954,195	1,522,940	1,431,255
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	404,350	197,710	206,640	85,760	39,655	46,105
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	18,268,120	9,534,120	8,734,005	2,868,435	1,483,285	1,385,155
0 Management occupations	2,013,370	1,251,165	762,205	337,265	203,770	133,495
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,874,305	862,870	2,011,440	530,385	190,720	339,665
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,273,660	990,560	283,105	251,395	191,580	59,810
3 Health occupations	1,245,885	244,730	1,001,155	160,610	39,320	121,285
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,138,445	672,945	1,465,495	327,425	100,020	227,405
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	557,275	255,705	301,570	119,645	59,275	60,370
6 Sales and service occupations	4,265,895	1,843,510	2,422,390	676,065	313,535	362,530
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	2,668,875	2,504,290	164,585	309,545	287,595	21,945
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	416,135	331,920	84,215	17,960	14,720	3,235
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	814,285	576,435	237,845	138,155	82,740	55,415
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	18,672,475	9,731,830	8,940,640	2,954,195	1,522,940	1,431,255
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	404,350	197,710	206,640	85,760	39,655	46,100
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	18,268,125	9,534,120	8,734,000	2,868,435	1,483,285	1,385,150
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	444,680	310,000	134,675	5,115	2,965	2,150
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	271,300	219,880	51,420	3,950	2,680	1,270
22 Utilities	136,350	100,135	36,210	13,965	9,465	4,500
23 Construction	1,365,010	1,196,550	168,455	163,810	142,960	20,845
31-33 Manufacturing	1,596,570	1,149,745	446,820	256,170	167,975	88,200
41 Wholesale trade	665,685	451,230	214,455	128,255	79,360	48,890
44-45 Retail trade	2,110,200	984,090	1,126,115	307,460	146,985	160,480
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	876,050	656,375	219,670	153,930	113,255	40,675
51 Information and cultural industries	420,350	243,650	176,705	100,825	58,430	42,395
52 Finance and insurance	790,580	327,865	462,715	233,060	112,580	120,480
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	333,305	184,350	148,955	76,725	41,670	35,055
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,335,125	740,520	594,605	317,960	179,905	138,055
55 Management of companies and enterprises	28,795	12,795	16,000	7,965	3,375	4,595
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	802,420	462,825	339,590	148,930	81,450	67,475
61 Educational services	1,346,585	420,845	925,735	208,170	65,400	142,770
62 Health care and social assistance	2,138,025	383,755	1,754,270	265,290	54,875	210,415
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	379,740	192,875	186,865	57,575	30,415	27,165
72 Accommodation and food services	1,283,725	535,210	748,515	189,685	87,920	101,765
81 Other services (except public administration)	814,695	371,880	442,815	123,585	50,940	72,645
91 Public administration	1,128,945	589,530	539,405	106,010	50,680	55,330
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	17,230,035	8,923,540	8,306,495	2,720,530	1,407,640	1,312,890
Worked at home	1,272,285	639,500	632,785	196,035	100,435	95,595
Worked outside Canada	78,815	54,235	24,580	18,685	12,660	6,020
No fixed workplace address	1,987,260	1,487,445	499,820	311,760	220,515	91,245
Worked at usual place	13,891,675	6,742,360	7,149,315	2,194,055	1,074,025	1,120,030
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	13,891,680	6,742,365	7,149,315	2,194,050	1,074,025	1,120,025
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	8,102,115	3,723,115	4,379,005	1,297,375	591,205	706,165
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,906,390	1,435,640	1,470,750	196,715	97,810	98,905
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,725,205	1,492,170	1,233,030	694,925	381,990	312,935
Commute to a different province or territory	157,970	91,445	66,525	5,045	3,020	2,020
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	15,878,940	8,229,810	7,649,135	2,505,815	1,294,540	1,211,270
Car, truck, van - as a driver	11,748,095	6,380,120	5,367,975	1,509,390	870,970	638,420
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	868,920	349,855	519,065	139,630	49,845	89,785
Public transit	1,968,215	846,735	1,121,485	656,330	276,110	380,220
Walked	877,985	392,950	485,030	136,810	61,315	75,500
Bicycle	222,130	146,615	75,515	38,460	24,280	14,175
Other method	193,595	113,525	80,060	25,195	12,020	13,170
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	15,878,945	8,229,810	7,649,130	2,505,810	1,294,545	1,211,270
Less than 15 minutes	4,449,920	2,071,365	2,378,555	341,440	156,775	184,665
15 to 29 minutes	5,314,295	2,725,165	2,589,130	732,785	374,395	358,390
30 to 44 minutes	3,228,845	1,782,680	1,446,165	668,925	362,510	306,415
45 to 59 minutes	1,391,060	768,115	622,940	335,205	176,620	158,595
60 minutes and over	1,494,830	882,485	612,345	427,450	224,240	203,210
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	15,878,940	8,229,810	7,649,135	2,505,810	1,294,545	1,211,270
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,073,680	781,230	292,455	134,680	94,940	39,735
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	2,814,750	1,754,045	1,060,710	369,285	220,720	148,565
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	4,458,835	2,217,210	2,241,620	635,210	308,240	326,975
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	3,349,975	1,408,710	1,941,265	604,620	281,310	323,310
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,756,265	752,940	1,003,325	379,095	181,970	197,125
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,425,435	1,315,670	1,109,765	382,920	207,360	175,555
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	19,956,255	10,342,970	9,613,285	3,108,065	1,593,200	1,514,860
Single responses	19,365,980	10,042,855	9,323,130	3,030,280	1,555,755	1,474,515
Official languages	19,090,545	9,897,470	9,193,075	2,939,720	1,507,770	1,431,945
English	15,265,335	7,952,010	7,313,320	2,928,795	1,504,810	1,423,990
French	3,825,215	1,945,465	1,879,750	10,920	2,965	7,955
Non-official languages	275,430	145,380	130,055	90,555	47,985	42,570
Aboriginal languages	24,950	12,385	12,565	10	10	0
Algonquian languages	14,440	7,370	7,070	10	0	0
Blackfoot	80	45	35	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	11,540	5,820	5,720	10	0	0
Atikamekw	1,095	580	515	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	2,055	970	1,085	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	370	180	190	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	40	25	10	0	0	0
Plains Cree	95	60	35	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	15	10	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	75	35	40	10	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	7,795	3,965	3,835	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	925	510	420	0	0	0
Malecite	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	915	505	410	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	1,895	995	900	0	0	0
Algonquin	45	20	25	0	0	0
Ojibway	765	380	385	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	1,080	595	485	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	1,140	530	610	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	1,135	525	610	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	20	0	15	0	0	0
Chilcotin	20	0	10	0	0	0
Dene	770	360	405	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	165	80	80	0	0	0
Gwich'in	10	10	10	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	135	65	70	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	95	45	45	0	0	0
South Slavey	35	20	20	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	10	10	10	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	10	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	10	0	10	0	0	0
Inuit languages	8,845	4,255	4,595	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	35	10	25	0	0	0
Inuktitut	8,800	4,240	4,555	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	35	10	30	0	0	0
Cayuga	10	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	35	10	25	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	10	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	110	25	85	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	15	10	10	0	0	0
Lillooet	15	10	10	0	0	0
Okanagan	20	10	20	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	35	0	30	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	15	0	15	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	260	155	105	0	0	0
Dakota	20	10	10	0	0	0
Stoney	240	145	95	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	10	10	10	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	25	0	20	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	10	10	10	0	0	0
Nisga'a	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	35	15	20	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	10	10	10	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	30	15	15	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	250,485	132,990	117,490	90,550	47,985	42,570
Afro-Asiatic languages	7,380	4,530	2,850	1,790	1,015	770
Berber languages	35	10	30	0	0	0
Kabyle	20	0	20	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	15	10	15	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	275	105	170	100	45	55
Bilen	10	10	10	0	0	0
Oromo	45	25	20	20	10	0
Somali	220	80	145	85	35	50
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	7,065	4,420	2,650	1,680	970	710
Amharic	200	95	100	55	20	35
Arabic	5,585	3,695	1,890	1,115	725	385
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	205	155	55	100	75	30
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	30	20	15	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	825	335	490	335	100	240
Maltese	25	15	10	20	15	10
Tigrigna	135	70	60	45	25	15
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	65	35	30	10	10	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	10	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	8,550	3,790	4,760	1,770	735	1,030
Khmer (Cambodian)	475	230	245	45	25	20
Vietnamese	8,070	3,560	4,510	1,720	715	1,010
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	3,850	1,750	2,095	1,055	395	660
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	75	20	55	25	0	15
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	25	0	15	10	0	10
Ilocano	110	50	60	35	20	15
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	140	75	65	35	20	20
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	0	10	10	0	10
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	3,450	1,580	1,875	935	345	590
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	40	25	15	10	0	10
Creole languages	350	125	225	25	25	0
Haitian Creole	25	10	15	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	315	110	200	20	15	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	2,225	1,060	1,165	1,805	870	935
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	90	50	45	45	25	25
Tamil	2,090	1,005	1,080	1,735	840	890
Telugu	45	10	35	25	0	20
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	85,550	47,305	38,245	26,205	14,420	11,790
Albanian	350	220	125	210	125	90
Armenian	450	220	230	130	70	65
Balto-Slavic languages	10,075	4,745	5,330	5,180	2,515	2,665
Baltic languages	95	35	60	55	20	35
Latvian	40	10	25	0	10	10
Lithuanian	60	25	30	45	20	30
Slavic languages	9,980	4,710	5,270	5,130	2,500	2,635
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	155	90	65	40	30	10
Bulgarian	205	110	90	110	75	40
Croatian	220	130	95	80	60	25
Czech	70	40	30	15	10	0
Macedonian	95	45	55	80	30	40
Polish	2,500	1,265	1,235	1,440	770	670
Russian	4,850	2,135	2,720	2,445	1,070	1,375
Serbian	530	320	210	165	105	55
Serbo-Croatian	30	25	0	15	15	0
Slovak	100	60	40	50	30	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	0	10	10	0	0
Ukrainian	1,210	485	725	680	290	390
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	10	0	0
Celtic languages	25	20	10	10	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	15	15	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	0	0	0
Germanic languages	13,285	7,455	5,835	355	140	220
Afrikaans	85	40	40	0	0	0
Danish	90	50	35	20	10	10
Dutch	1,165	630	540	60	40	20
Frisian	40	25	15	0	0	0
German	10,065	5,715	4,345	220	65	150
Icelandic	0	10	0	10	0	0
Norwegian	65	30	40	10	10	10
Swedish	125	55	70	20	10	15
Vlaams (Flemish)	35	20	15	10	10	0
Yiddish	895	390	505	15	10	15
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	720	495	225	0	0	0
Greek	1,020	545	475	340	185	150
Indo-Iranian languages	37,330	21,140	16,190	10,565	5,875	4,690
Indo-Aryan languages	32,485	18,125	14,360	8,150	4,360	3,790
Bengali	530	275	245	295	145	155
Gujarati	880	300	585	585	200	385
Hindi	1,405	755	650	710	340	370
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	10	0	0	10	10	0
Marathi	30	15	15	30	15	15
Nepali	195	95	100	55	20	35
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	27,870	15,945	11,920	5,490	3,150	2,340
Sindhi	35	10	30	20	10	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40	25	20	25	15	10
Urdu	1,495	705	790	935	465	470
Iranian languages	4,820	3,000	1,815	2,415	1,515	895
Kurdish	185	150	40	85	70	10
Pashto	50	20	25	15	10	0
Persian (Farsi)	4,580	2,830	1,750	2,320	1,440	880
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	23,025	12,965	10,060	9,410	5,505	3,910
Catalan	30	10	20	10	10	0
Italian	1,705	895	805	720	390	335
Portuguese	7,490	4,795	2,695	4,910	3,240	1,670
Romanian	745	365	380	220	95	125
Spanish	13,030	6,885	6,145	3,545	1,775	1,775
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	10	0	10
Japanese	3,255	1,195	2,065	765	250	520
Kartvelian languages	30	10	20	10	10	10
Georgian	30	10	20	10	10	0
Korean	12,150	6,260	5,885	4,205	2,125	2,080
Mongolic languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	235	120	115	70	35	35
Akan (Twi)	25	10	20	20	0	15
Bamanankan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	10	0	0	10	0	0
Ganda	20	10	10	20	15	10
Igbo	10	10	0	0	0	0
Lingala	10	0	10	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25	0	15	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	80	50	30	10	0	0
Wolof	10	0	10	10	10	0
Yoruba	15	0	15	10	0	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30	20	0	15	10	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	1,920	740	1,180	295	120	180
American Sign Language	1,145	340	810	195	50	140
Quebec Sign Language	135	15	115	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	640	390	255	105	65	40
Sino-Tibetan languages	122,880	65,030	57,850	51,785	27,560	24,220
Chinese languages	122,610	64,880	57,730	51,735	27,535	24,205
Cantonese	58,815	30,485	28,340	24,825	12,930	11,890
Hakka	70	25	45	35	10	30
Mandarin	60,090	32,430	27,665	25,715	14,005	11,710
Min Dong	25	15	10	30	20	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	565	335	225	220	145	75
Wu (Shanghainese)	105	65	45	25	20	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	2,930	1,530	1,405	890	405	480
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	270	155	115	50	30	25
Burmese	75	35	35	0	0	10
Karenic languages	135	75	55	0	0	0
Tibetan	50	30	20	45	30	15
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	675	270	405	70	30	40
Lao	150	70	80	10	0	0
Thai	525	205	325	60	30	35
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	750	475	275	405	275	130
Azerbaijani	30	20	0	15	10	10
Turkish	685	435	255	385	260	125
Uyghur	15	15	0	0	10	0
Uzbek	15	10	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	595	270	325	290	130	160
Estonian	50	15	40	50	10	35
Finnish	105	40	65	35	10	30
Hungarian	435	225	215	205	115	95
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	80	45	35	10	0	0
Multiple responses	590,270	300,115	290,155	77,785	37,445	40,340
English and French	412,680	211,095	201,585	15,535	6,000	9,535
English and non-official language	154,285	77,870	76,420	61,045	30,905	30,145
French and non-official language	7,830	3,595	4,235	75	45	35
English, French and non-official language	15,475	7,565	7,915	1,130	495	635
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	19,956,250	10,342,970	9,613,290	3,108,060	1,593,200	1,514,865
None	17,456,725	9,056,235	8,400,490	2,853,615	1,465,535	1,388,080
English	1,259,225	661,460	597,765	42,865	20,790	22,075
French	705,780	349,035	356,745	44,295	19,000	25,295
Non-official language	496,565	257,455	239,105	162,965	85,830	77,140
Aboriginal	37,615	17,215	20,400	125	30	90
Non-Aboriginal	458,945	240,245	218,710	162,840	85,790	77,050
English and French	2,535	1,200	1,335	85	40	45
English and non-official language	18,040	8,765	9,280	1,165	560	600
French and non-official language	17,265	8,730	8,540	3,050	1,430	1,620
English, French and non-official language	115	90	30	20	20	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	34,091,785	16,783,745	17,308,035	5,316,405	2,578,540	2,737,865
Non-movers	29,644,795	14,593,190	15,051,605	4,638,795	2,245,210	2,393,580
Movers	4,446,990	2,190,555	2,256,435	677,605	333,320	344,285
Non-migrants	2,623,515	1,292,750	1,330,760	411,950	201,845	210,100
Migrants	1,823,475	897,805	925,670	265,660	131,475	134,185
Internal migrants	1,451,005	713,060	737,945	163,550	80,665	82,885
Intraprovincial migrants	1,189,525	580,895	608,630	138,890	68,355	70,540
Interprovincial migrants	261,475	132,160	129,315	24,655	12,315	12,340
External migrants	372,475	184,745	187,730	102,110	50,810	51,300
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	32,568,560	16,004,315	16,564,245	5,092,400	2,463,705	2,628,690
Non-movers	20,134,760	9,902,645	10,232,115	3,128,180	1,505,965	1,622,210
Movers	12,433,805	6,101,675	6,332,130	1,964,220	957,740	1,006,480
Non-migrants	6,755,630	3,314,730	3,440,905	1,108,880	539,010	569,865
Migrants	5,678,175	2,786,945	2,891,230	855,345	418,730	436,615
Internal migrants	4,296,720	2,104,325	2,192,395	475,275	232,345	242,925
Intraprovincial migrants	3,467,670	1,689,950	1,777,720	411,920	201,625	210,295
Interprovincial migrants	829,045	414,375	414,670	63,350	30,720	32,630
External migrants	1,381,460	682,625	698,835	380,070	186,385	193,685

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Canada [Country] and Toronto [Population centre], Ontario (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 18, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Canada [Country] and Toronto [Population centre], Ontario

Census Profile, 2016 Census Canada [Country] and Toronto [Population centre], Ontario

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Canada [Country] and Toronto [Population centre], Ontario