Census Profile, 2016 Census
Canada [Country] and Markham, City [Census subdivision], Ontario

The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).

Characteristic	Canada [Country]			Markham, CY Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Data quality , Canada [Country]  Map : Canada [Country] Change geography 1			Data quality : Markham, City [Census subdivision], Ontario  Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016Census data footnote 1	35,151,728	...	...	328,966	...	...
Population, 2011Census data footnote 1	33,476,688	...	...	301,709	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	5.0	...	...	9.0	...	...
Total private dwellingsCensus data footnote 2	15,412,443	...	...	106,131	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residentsCensus data footnote 3	14,072,079	...	...	102,676	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	3.9	...	...	1,549.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	8,965,588.85	...	...	212.35	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% dataCensus data footnote 4	35,151,730	17,264,200	17,887,530	328,965	160,185	168,780
0 to 14 years	5,839,565	2,992,920	2,846,645	55,390	28,570	26,815
0 to 4 years	1,898,790	973,030	925,760	17,085	8,715	8,370
5 to 9 years	2,018,130	1,034,685	983,445	19,085	9,905	9,180
10 to 14 years	1,922,645	985,200	937,445	19,220	9,950	9,270
15 to 64 years	23,376,530	11,576,130	11,800,400	223,655	108,230	115,420
15 to 19 years	2,026,160	1,039,215	986,940	21,095	10,910	10,185
20 to 24 years	2,242,690	1,144,495	1,098,200	21,455	11,225	10,230
25 to 29 years	2,285,990	1,144,470	1,141,515	21,170	10,705	10,460
30 to 34 years	2,329,395	1,148,290	1,181,110	20,385	9,840	10,550
35 to 39 years	2,288,365	1,118,635	1,169,730	20,345	9,305	11,035
40 to 44 years	2,255,135	1,104,440	1,150,695	23,535	10,785	12,745
45 to 49 years	2,359,965	1,157,760	1,202,210	24,860	11,650	13,210
50 to 54 years	2,678,075	1,318,755	1,359,320	25,980	12,400	13,580
55 to 59 years	2,620,240	1,285,190	1,335,055	23,510	11,235	12,270
60 to 64 years	2,290,510	1,114,885	1,175,630	21,325	10,175	11,150
65 years and over	5,935,630	2,695,150	3,240,485	49,920	23,380	26,540
65 to 69 years	1,972,480	953,075	1,019,405	18,215	8,835	9,380
70 to 74 years	1,420,875	677,975	742,900	11,865	5,710	6,150
75 to 79 years	1,021,850	469,550	552,300	8,645	4,130	4,510
80 to 84 years	749,650	325,765	423,880	5,885	2,685	3,195
85 years and over	770,780	268,790	501,990	5,320	2,020	3,300
85 to 89 years	482,525	185,535	296,990	3,395	1,370	2,025
90 to 94 years	223,510	68,675	154,835	1,475	505	965
95 to 99 years	56,525	13,240	43,280	390	120	270
100 years and over	8,230	1,340	6,890	60	15	40
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.6	17.3	15.9	16.8	17.8	15.9
15 to 64 years	66.5	67.1	66.0	68.0	67.6	68.4
65 years and over	16.9	15.6	18.1	15.2	14.6	15.7
85 years and over	2.2	1.6	2.8	1.6	1.3	2.0
Average age of the population	41.0	40.1	41.9	40.2	39.3	41.1
Median age of the population	41.2	40.2	42.2	41.1	39.8	42.1
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% dataCensus data footnote 5	14,072,080	...	...	102,675	...	...
Single-detached house	7,541,495	...	...	60,890	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,391,040	...	...	13,755	...	...
Other attached dwellingCensus data footnote 6	4,949,795	...	...	28,025	...	...
Semi-detached house	698,800	...	...	6,515	...	...
Row house	891,305	...	...	13,970	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	784,300	...	...	5,875	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,539,390	...	...	1,655	...	...
Other single-attached house	36,005	...	...	10	...	...
Movable dwellingCensus data footnote 7	189,755	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% dataCensus data footnote 8	14,072,080	...	...	102,675	...	...
1 person	3,969,790	...	...	13,790	...	...
2 persons	4,834,605	...	...	25,955	...	...
3 persons	2,140,640	...	...	21,540	...	...
4 persons	1,946,275	...	...	23,450	...	...
5 or more persons	1,180,770	...	...	17,940	...	...
Number of persons in private households	34,460,060	...	...	327,400	...	...
Average household size	2.4	...	...	3.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% dataCensus data footnote 9	29,312,160	14,271,280	15,040,885	273,575	131,615	141,965
Married or living common law	16,893,720	8,452,135	8,441,585	170,415	84,750	85,665
Married	13,383,455	6,693,465	6,689,990	162,185	80,645	81,535
Living common law	3,510,265	1,758,670	1,751,590	8,230	4,105	4,125
Not married and not living common law	12,418,440	5,819,140	6,599,300	103,160	46,865	56,295
Never married	8,254,340	4,444,425	3,809,915	73,855	38,935	34,915
Separated	718,295	309,905	408,400	4,790	1,760	3,025
Divorced	1,816,005	725,535	1,090,470	12,235	4,055	8,185
Widowed	1,629,800	339,280	1,290,525	12,280	2,115	10,165
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% dataCensus data footnote 10	9,840,730	...	...	95,480	...	...
2 persons	5,007,790	...	...	35,780	...	...
3 persons	2,107,830	...	...	25,420	...	...
4 persons	1,909,935	...	...	26,175	...	...
5 or more persons	815,170	...	...	8,095	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 11	9,840,730	...	...	95,480	...	...
Total couple families	8,227,925	...	...	82,340	...	...
Married couples	6,474,005	...	...	78,225	...	...
Common-law couples	1,753,920	...	...	4,115	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	1,612,805	...	...	13,145	...	...
Female parent	1,262,340	...	...	10,700	...	...
Male parent	350,465	...	...	2,445	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	8,227,925	...	...	82,335	...	...
Couples without children	4,024,305	...	...	27,935	...	...
Couples with children	4,203,615	...	...	54,400	...	...
1 child	1,650,165	...	...	21,305	...	...
2 children	1,783,080	...	...	25,220	...	...
3 or more children	770,375	...	...	7,880	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	1,612,805	...	...	13,140	...	...
1 child	983,485	...	...	7,845	...	...
2 children	457,670	...	...	4,115	...	...
3 or more children	171,655	...	...	1,180	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	6,107,260	2,941,395	3,165,865	32,640	13,180	19,460
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% dataCensus data footnote 12	14,072,075	...	...	102,675	...	...
One-census-family households	9,218,225	...	...	78,515	...	...
Without children in a census familyCensus data footnote 13	3,782,095	...	...	20,915	...	...
With children in a census familyCensus data footnote 14	5,436,135	...	...	57,600	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	301,715	...	...	8,165	...	...
Non-census-family households	4,552,135	...	...	16,000	...	...
One-person households	3,969,790	...	...	13,790	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	582,350	...	...	2,210	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% dataCensus data footnote 15	34,767,255	17,101,170	17,666,080	327,785	159,850	167,930
English only	23,757,525	11,838,075	11,919,455	275,720	137,435	138,280
French only	4,144,685	1,925,845	2,218,840	125	50	70
English and French	6,216,065	3,071,325	3,144,740	19,155	8,335	10,820
Neither English nor French	648,970	265,920	383,045	32,795	14,035	18,760
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% dataCensus data footnote 16	34,767,250	17,101,165	17,666,085	327,790	159,850	167,935
English	26,007,500	12,852,330	13,155,165	290,225	143,645	146,580
French	7,705,755	3,780,105	3,925,650	2,180	1,000	1,180
English and French	417,485	209,130	208,355	2,995	1,360	1,635
Neither English nor French	636,515	259,600	376,910	32,385	13,855	18,540
Official language minority (number)Census data footnote 17	7,914,495	3,884,670	4,029,825	3,675	1,675	2,000
Official language minority (percentage)Census data footnote 17	22.8	22.7	22.8	1.1	1.0	1.2
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% dataCensus data footnote 18	34,767,255	17,101,170	17,666,085	327,785	159,850	167,935
Single responses	33,948,620	16,702,840	17,245,775	313,580	152,945	160,630
Official languages	26,627,555	13,201,620	13,425,940	116,085	58,910	57,170
English	19,460,850	9,680,125	9,780,725	114,200	58,060	56,140
French	7,166,705	3,521,495	3,645,215	1,880	845	1,035
Non-official languages	7,321,065	3,501,220	3,819,840	197,500	94,035	103,460
Aboriginal languages	195,700	94,795	100,900	5	0	5
Algonquian languages	130,450	62,930	67,520	0	0	0
Blackfoot	2,815	1,325	1,490	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	88,445	42,920	45,530	0	0	0
Atikamekw	6,150	3,135	3,015	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	10,230	4,885	5,350	0	0	0
Moose Cree	100	50	55	0	0	0
Naskapi	1,205	590	620	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	315	125	190	0	0	0
Plains Cree	3,065	1,360	1,710	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	45	20	25	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	1,440	585	850	0	0	0
Woods Cree	1,840	865	975	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	64,050	31,305	32,745	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	6,990	3,310	3,680	0	0	0
Malecite	305	140	160	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	6,690	3,170	3,520	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	32,150	15,350	16,800	0	0	0
Algonquin	1,260	590	670	0	0	0
Ojibway	17,890	8,440	9,450	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	12,855	6,260	6,595	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	150	65	85	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	45	25	20	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	17,365	8,325	9,045	5	5	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	17,315	8,310	9,010	5	0	5
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	110	55	60	0	0	0
Beaver	190	85	105	0	0	0
Carrier	1,025	465	565	0	0	0
Chilcotin	660	295	360	0	0	0
Dene	10,700	5,185	5,515	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	1,645	840	815	0	0	0
Gwich'in	260	110	145	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	80	25	50	5	0	0
Sekani	90	45	45	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	1,995	950	1,045	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	765	365	400	0	0	0
South Slavey	945	455	495	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	280	130	150	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	270	135	140	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	180	90	90	0	0	0
Tahltan	95	40	50	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	290	120	170	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	215	90	135	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	70	30	40	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	50	20	35	0	0	0
Haida	75	35	40	0	0	0
Inuit languages	36,545	18,100	18,445	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	1,025	445	575	0	0	0
Inuktitut	35,215	17,530	17,680	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	315	125	185	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	1,115	485	635	0	0	0
Cayuga	45	20	20	0	0	0
Mohawk	980	430	555	0	0	0
Oneida	55	20	40	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	0	0	0
Kutenai	105	55	55	0	0	0
Michif	465	230	235	0	0	0
Salish languages	2,305	1,130	1,180	0	0	0
Comox	80	45	40	0	0	0
Halkomelem	475	225	245	0	0	0
Lillooet	315	155	155	0	0	0
Okanagan	270	135	135	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	445	225	220	0	0	0
Squamish	40	20	20	0	0	0
Straits	80	40	40	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	335	150	185	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	255	135	125	0	0	0
Siouan languages	4,285	2,070	2,220	0	0	0
Dakota	1,215	570	635	0	0	0
Stoney	3,025	1,465	1,555	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	0	0	0
Tlingit	95	40	55	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	1,480	730	755	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	880	435	445	0	0	0
Nisga'a	400	200	200	0	0	0
Tsimshian	200	90	110	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	805	370	435	0	0	0
Haisla	90	40	50	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	95	40	55	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	325	145	185	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	285	135	140	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	585	295	295	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	7,125,365	3,406,425	3,718,945	197,490	94,035	103,455
Afro-Asiatic languages	575,365	298,060	277,300	3,350	1,645	1,705
Berber languages	22,135	11,865	10,270	5	5	0
Kabyle	13,150	6,995	6,155	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	8,985	4,865	4,115	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	42,885	20,095	22,790	140	60	75
Bilen	805	455	350	0	0	0
Oromo	4,960	2,560	2,400	10	5	0
Somali	36,755	16,895	19,865	130	55	75
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	365	195	170	0	0	0
Semitic languages	509,190	265,465	243,725	3,210	1,580	1,625
Amharic	22,465	10,720	11,745	55	25	30
Arabic	419,890	220,785	199,105	2,720	1,345	1,370
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	16,070	7,910	8,160	15	10	5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5,545	2,780	2,770	5	0	0
Harari	1,320	635	685	40	20	25
Hebrew	19,530	10,480	9,045	305	145	160
Maltese	5,565	2,765	2,800	45	20	25
Tigrigna	16,650	8,310	8,340	20	10	5
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	2,155	1,085	1,070	10	5	5
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	1,155	635	520	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	176,725	81,810	94,920	1,170	525	640
Khmer (Cambodian)	20,130	9,270	10,860	45	20	25
Vietnamese	156,425	72,470	83,955	1,125	510	615
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	170	65	100	0	0	5
Austronesian languages	511,480	211,580	299,900	5,515	2,170	3,345
Bikol	1,790	790	1,000	15	10	5
Cebuano	19,890	7,930	11,960	150	50	100
Fijian	745	400	345	5	0	5
Hiligaynon	6,885	2,680	4,205	70	25	45
Ilocano	26,345	10,620	15,720	215	80	135
Malagasy	1,430	665	760	0	0	0
Malay	12,275	5,255	7,020	335	155	185
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	4,040	1,865	2,175	40	15	25
Pangasinan	1,390	590	800	10	5	5
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	431,380	178,575	252,810	4,640	1,815	2,825
Waray-Waray	1,110	430	675	10	5	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	4,195	1,770	2,425	20	10	15
Creole languages	72,125	32,310	39,820	215	115	100
Haitian Creole	3,030	1,445	1,590	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	64,105	28,455	35,660	165	80	85
Creole languages, n.i.e.	4,985	2,410	2,575	55	30	20
Dravidian languages	189,405	94,765	94,640	15,620	7,510	8,115
Kannada	3,970	2,040	1,935	85	45	40
Malayalam	28,570	14,770	13,800	575	285	290
Tamil	140,720	69,080	71,640	14,625	7,015	7,610
Telugu	15,655	8,640	7,020	330	160	175
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	490	240	250	10	5	0
Hmong-Mien languages	795	395	405	5	0	0
Indo-European languages	3,877,330	1,889,400	1,987,930	44,775	21,825	22,950
Albanian	26,890	13,610	13,285	100	50	45
Armenian	33,455	16,270	17,185	1,355	675	680
Balto-Slavic languages	701,975	323,640	378,340	5,030	2,340	2,685
Baltic languages	12,530	5,315	7,215	110	50	65
Latvian	5,455	2,350	3,105	60	25	40
Lithuanian	7,075	2,965	4,115	50	20	30
Slavic languages	689,450	318,325	371,115	4,915	2,290	2,620
Belarusan	810	385	430	10	5	5
Bosnian	12,210	6,035	6,180	25	10	15
Bulgarian	20,025	9,675	10,345	155	75	85
Croatian	48,200	23,540	24,665	100	45	55
Czech	22,290	10,525	11,765	80	40	40
Macedonian	16,775	8,050	8,725	1,185	580	605
Polish	181,710	82,435	99,275	605	270	330
Russian	188,255	85,400	102,855	1,995	880	1,115
Serbian	57,350	28,535	28,815	340	185	160
Serbo-Croatian	9,555	4,565	4,985	30	15	15
Slovak	17,580	8,075	9,510	80	35	45
Slovene (Slovenian)	9,790	4,415	5,370	65	35	35
Ukrainian	102,485	45,440	57,040	230	110	120
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	2,415	1,255	1,165	10	5	10
Celtic languages	2,690	1,335	1,360	15	5	5
Scottish Gaelic	1,090	540	550	5	0	0
Welsh	1,075	495	575	10	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	530	295	235	5	0	0
Germanic languages	538,765	258,410	280,350	1,455	695	760
Afrikaans	10,265	5,115	5,145	35	15	20
Danish	12,630	6,245	6,390	50	35	15
Dutch	99,020	48,200	50,820	245	120	125
Frisian	2,100	1,095	1,005	5	0	0
German	384,035	183,215	200,820	930	435	495
Icelandic	1,285	600	685	0	0	0
Norwegian	4,615	2,170	2,445	10	5	5
Swedish	6,840	3,015	3,825	35	20	15
Vlaams (Flemish)	3,895	1,730	2,165	5	0	5
Yiddish	13,555	6,750	6,800	145	65	80
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	525	280	240	0	5	0
Greek	106,525	53,350	53,170	2,455	1,210	1,240
Indo-Iranian languages	1,312,750	664,120	648,630	26,935	13,240	13,695
Indo-Aryan languages	1,064,760	538,530	526,235	19,155	9,370	9,785
Bengali	73,125	37,410	35,720	655	330	325
Gujarati	108,780	55,105	53,670	4,510	2,185	2,325
Hindi	110,640	55,880	54,765	2,415	1,175	1,245
Kashmiri	565	300	265	15	5	10
Konkani	3,330	1,625	1,710	95	35	55
Marathi	8,295	4,300	3,995	230	110	120
Nepali	18,275	9,230	9,045	50	20	25
Oriya (Odia)	1,055	560	495	15	5	10
Punjabi (Panjabi)	501,680	253,515	248,160	3,780	1,860	1,915
Sindhi	11,860	5,605	6,260	655	310	345
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	16,335	8,050	8,285	360	160	200
Urdu	210,815	106,960	103,860	6,380	3,170	3,210
Iranian languages	242,805	122,835	119,970	7,695	3,825	3,870
Kurdish	11,705	6,345	5,355	85	45	40
Pashto	16,910	8,760	8,145	330	160	175
Persian (Farsi)	214,200	107,725	106,470	7,285	3,620	3,660
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5,180	2,755	2,425	85	45	40
Italic (Romance) languages	1,154,270	558,660	595,615	7,430	3,600	3,830
Catalan	865	440	425	10	0	10
Italian	375,635	184,415	191,220	3,690	1,800	1,885
Portuguese	221,540	106,630	114,910	695	330	365
Romanian	96,665	46,195	50,470	945	470	475
Spanish	458,850	220,605	238,245	2,085	990	1,090
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	720	380	340	10	5	5
Japanese	43,640	14,790	28,855	435	160	270
Kartvelian languages	1,715	910	805	40	25	15
Georgian	1,715	910	805	40	25	15
Korean	153,425	70,310	83,115	3,230	1,520	1,715
Mongolic languages	1,575	690	885	10	5	5
Mongolian	1,575	690	880	10	5	5
Niger-Congo languages	91,375	45,075	46,305	295	135	165
Akan (Twi)	13,455	6,490	6,970	70	25	35
Bamanankan	1,535	815	720	0	0	0
Edo	1,670	770	900	10	10	5
Ewe	1,760	950	805	0	5	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	2,825	1,495	1,335	0	5	0
Ga	920	445	470	5	5	0
Ganda	1,295	625	665	0	0	0
Igbo	4,235	2,265	1,970	35	15	20
Lingala	3,810	1,785	2,025	5	5	5
Rundi (Kirundi)	5,845	2,785	3,060	5	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5,250	2,355	2,895	10	0	5
Shona	3,180	1,520	1,665	10	0	10
Swahili	13,370	6,385	6,990	75	35	45
Wolof	3,990	2,170	1,820	0	0	5
Yoruba	9,085	4,785	4,300	30	15	15
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	19,135	9,435	9,695	35	20	20
Nilo-Saharan languages	5,870	3,025	2,845	10	0	5
Dinka	2,120	1,115	1,000	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	3,755	1,910	1,840	10	0	0
Sign languages	7,500	3,925	3,575	55	30	25
American Sign Language	2,685	1,320	1,360	5	5	0
Quebec Sign Language	695	340	355	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	4,120	2,265	1,860	45	25	25
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,269,215	589,570	679,645	121,410	57,720	63,690
Chinese languages	1,253,360	581,650	671,715	121,315	57,670	63,645
Cantonese	565,270	262,865	302,405	72,620	34,645	37,975
Hakka	10,910	4,900	6,015	2,235	1,045	1,190
Mandarin	592,040	274,630	317,410	41,790	19,825	21,970
Min Dong	1,230	580	650	225	100	120
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	31,795	14,450	17,350	2,000	950	1,050
Wu (Shanghainese)	12,915	5,780	7,140	940	410	530
Chinese, n.o.s.	38,580	18,165	20,410	1,480	685	800
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	610	275	335	20	15	10
Tibeto-Burman languages	15,850	7,925	7,935	100	45	50
Burmese	3,585	1,795	1,790	85	40	40
Karenic languages	4,705	2,355	2,350	0	0	0
Tibetan	6,165	3,080	3,080	10	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	1,400	695	705	5	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages	22,010	8,870	13,145	160	60	95
Lao	12,670	6,145	6,525	80	40	40
Thai	9,255	2,690	6,565	70	20	50
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	80	35	55	5	0	0
Turkic languages	40,140	21,120	19,025	485	260	230
Azerbaijani	3,260	1,785	1,470	95	50	45
Turkish	32,815	17,375	15,440	360	195	170
Uyghur	1,035	510	525	0	0	0
Uzbek	1,715	855	865	5	0	5
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	1,315	590	720	20	10	10
Uralic languages	81,985	37,790	44,195	705	325	380
Estonian	5,445	2,325	3,115	80	35	45
Finnish	15,295	6,395	8,900	105	45	65
Hungarian	61,235	29,060	32,175	515	245	270
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	3,690	2,045	1,645	15	10	5
Multiple responses	818,635	398,325	420,305	14,210	6,910	7,300
English and French	165,320	80,460	84,860	590	260	325
English and non-official language	533,265	259,160	274,100	12,985	6,335	6,650
French and non-official language	86,150	42,170	43,985	245	125	115
English, French and non-official language	33,900	16,535	17,365	395	180	210
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% dataCensus data footnote 19	34,767,250	17,101,165	17,666,085	327,785	159,855	167,935
Single responses	33,103,860	16,298,475	16,805,395	291,540	142,190	149,355
Official languages	29,106,670	14,383,020	14,723,645	156,995	78,245	78,745
English	22,162,865	10,966,135	11,196,730	156,215	77,900	78,315
French	6,943,800	3,416,890	3,526,910	785	350	430
Non-official languages	3,997,195	1,915,450	2,081,750	134,545	63,940	70,605
Aboriginal languages	118,470	59,720	58,750	5	0	5
Algonquian languages	75,080	37,825	37,260	0	0	0
Blackfoot	1,115	555	555	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	55,825	28,135	27,685	0	0	0
Atikamekw	5,465	2,825	2,640	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	8,590	4,195	4,395	0	0	0
Moose Cree	10	5	5	0	0	0
Naskapi	1,200	595	605	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	110	55	60	0	0	0
Plains Cree	1,350	665	685	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	20	5	15	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	330	140	190	0	0	0
Woods Cree	800	410	390	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	37,945	19,240	18,710	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	3,615	1,795	1,820	0	0	0
Malecite	55	30	30	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	3,560	1,770	1,795	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	14,525	7,335	7,190	0	0	0
Algonquin	370	170	200	0	0	0
Ojibway	6,175	3,165	3,015	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	7,900	3,960	3,940	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	75	40	35	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	10,265	5,125	5,135	5	5	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	10,255	5,120	5,135	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Beaver	50	30	20	0	0	0
Carrier	245	115	130	0	0	0
Chilcotin	255	125	130	0	0	0
Dene	7,710	3,805	3,905	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	1,020	550	475	0	0	0
Gwich'in	45	25	25	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sekani	15	10	5	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	820	425	395	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	340	180	155	0	0	0
South Slavey	370	190	185	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	105	55	55	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	25	15	15	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	25	10	10	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	5	5	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	30	15	15	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	25	15	10	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	10	0	5	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0	0	0
Haida	10	5	0	5	0	0
Inuit languages	29,490	14,995	14,495	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	165	75	90	0	0	0
Inuktitut	29,230	14,885	14,345	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	90	40	55	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	285	135	155	0	0	0
Cayuga	10	0	5	0	0	0
Mohawk	255	115	140	0	0	0
Oneida	15	5	10	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Kutenai	15	10	5	0	0	0
Michif	85	40	45	0	0	0
Salish languages	285	130	150	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	45	20	25	0	0	0
Lillooet	25	15	10	0	0	0
Okanagan	85	35	45	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	55	30	20	0	0	0
Squamish	5	0	5	0	0	0
Straits	20	10	15	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages	2,225	1,085	1,140	0	0	0
Dakota	255	140	120	0	0	0
Stoney	1,950	940	1,010	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0	0	0
Tlingit	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	410	210	190	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	315	155	155	0	0	0
Nisga'a	70	40	30	0	0	0
Tsimshian	25	15	15	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	75	45	35	0	0	0
Haisla	20	10	15	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	5	5	5	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	30	15	15	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	235	110	125	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	3,878,725	1,855,730	2,022,995	134,540	63,935	70,605
Afro-Asiatic languages	307,755	153,275	154,480	1,445	670	775
Berber languages	8,105	4,215	3,895	0	0	0
Kabyle	5,490	2,855	2,640	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	2,620	1,365	1,260	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	27,095	12,455	14,640	60	25	35
Bilen	620	330	285	0	0	0
Oromo	3,410	1,700	1,710	5	5	0
Somali	22,895	10,340	12,555	55	20	35
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	185	85	95	0	0	0
Semitic languages	272,100	136,390	135,720	1,375	640	730
Amharic	12,780	6,010	6,770	25	10	15
Arabic	223,540	112,690	110,850	1,200	560	640
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10,510	5,090	5,425	5	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	3,445	1,695	1,750	0	5	5
Harari	735	335	400	15	10	5
Hebrew	8,560	4,425	4,135	110	50	55
Maltese	1,130	525	605	5	0	5
Tigrigna	10,205	5,040	5,170	10	10	5
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	1,200	585	620	5	0	5
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	440	215	230	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	115,210	53,500	61,710	430	210	225
Khmer (Cambodian)	10,880	4,940	5,945	20	10	10
Vietnamese	104,245	48,525	55,725	415	200	215
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	85	40	45	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	239,785	108,110	131,680	2,035	875	1,160
Bikol	290	140	155	5	0	5
Cebuano	7,210	3,325	3,880	50	15	35
Fijian	195	105	90	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	2,205	970	1,240	25	10	15
Ilocano	9,125	4,045	5,080	45	15	30
Malagasy	435	220	210	0	0	0
Malay	3,620	1,710	1,910	100	55	50
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	1,200	565	630	5	5	5
Pangasinan	240	110	135	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	213,790	96,235	117,555	1,800	775	1,030
Waray-Waray	310	135	170	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	1,160	545	620	0	0	0
Creole languages	27,860	12,005	15,850	125	65	60
Haitian Creole	1,280	575	705	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	24,575	10,510	14,060	95	50	45
Creole languages, n.i.e.	2,005	920	1,085	30	20	10
Dravidian languages	122,490	59,780	62,710	10,225	4,815	5,410
Kannada	1,630	825	800	40	15	25
Malayalam	15,440	7,865	7,575	250	130	125
Tamil	96,955	46,570	50,385	9,780	4,595	5,190
Telugu	8,280	4,430	3,850	150	80	75
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	190	85	105	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	340	160	180	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,911,215	927,225	983,985	22,550	10,790	11,765
Albanian	13,135	6,575	6,560	40	20	20
Armenian	21,505	10,165	11,345	760	385	375
Balto-Slavic languages	314,965	149,315	165,650	2,325	1,100	1,225
Baltic languages	3,275	1,400	1,870	30	10	15
Latvian	1,255	530	725	15	5	5
Lithuanian	2,020	870	1,150	10	0	5
Slavic languages	311,690	147,910	163,780	2,295	1,090	1,210
Belarusan	230	105	120	0	0	0
Bosnian	6,045	3,010	3,040	5	5	5
Bulgarian	11,985	5,835	6,150	45	20	25
Croatian	16,775	7,980	8,795	25	15	10
Czech	6,235	3,060	3,180	15	5	10
Macedonian	6,830	3,250	3,580	445	205	235
Polish	74,780	34,910	39,870	225	110	115
Russian	116,595	55,175	61,425	1,310	605	700
Serbian	31,750	15,665	16,085	150	80	65
Serbo-Croatian	3,885	1,865	2,020	10	5	5
Slovak	5,615	2,685	2,920	10	5	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	2,050	905	1,145	10	5	10
Ukrainian	28,250	13,150	15,100	55	30	25
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	670	310	360	0	0	0
Celtic languages	360	205	155	5	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	185	105	80	0	0	0
Welsh	95	50	45	5	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	80	50	30	0	0	0
Germanic languages	146,455	71,835	74,615	135	60	70
Afrikaans	4,790	2,355	2,435	10	5	5
Danish	855	410	445	0	0	0
Dutch	9,565	4,630	4,935	15	10	10
Frisian	185	95	90	0	0	0
German	120,335	58,905	61,435	100	45	50
Icelandic	270	120	150	0	0	0
Norwegian	345	145	200	0	0	0
Swedish	1,045	500	545	10	5	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	355	170	185	0	0	0
Yiddish	7,080	3,695	3,385	0	0	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	1,625	820	810	0	0	0
Greek	44,545	21,110	23,440	845	405	440
Indo-Iranian languages	838,755	416,960	421,795	15,580	7,500	8,085
Indo-Aryan languages	676,185	337,440	338,745	10,160	4,860	5,300
Bengali	47,350	23,585	23,765	360	170	190
Gujarati	64,150	31,740	32,405	2,455	1,155	1,300
Hindi	55,510	27,805	27,710	1,110	530	580
Kashmiri	135	70	70	10	0	5
Konkani	720	355	370	15	10	5
Marathi	3,780	1,940	1,840	100	50	55
Nepali	13,375	6,710	6,670	25	10	15
Oriya (Odia)	470	235	240	10	5	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	349,145	174,905	174,240	2,180	1,030	1,145
Sindhi	4,975	2,280	2,695	240	110	130
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	7,790	3,860	3,925	120	55	65
Urdu	128,785	63,965	64,820	3,540	1,735	1,805
Iranian languages	160,195	78,310	81,880	5,385	2,625	2,765
Kurdish	6,580	3,400	3,175	45	25	25
Pashto	10,590	5,305	5,290	190	80	105
Persian (Farsi)	143,020	69,600	73,425	5,150	2,515	2,635
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	2,375	1,215	1,160	30	15	15
Italic (Romance) languages	531,485	251,050	280,440	2,865	1,315	1,545
Catalan	355	165	190	5	0	5
Italian	115,415	49,975	65,440	1,095	465	625
Portuguese	98,710	46,915	51,795	210	100	110
Romanian	53,320	25,795	27,525	475	235	240
Spanish	263,510	128,110	135,400	1,080	515	565
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	180	85	95	0	0	0
Japanese	19,785	8,265	11,515	215	95	125
Kartvelian languages	1,040	565	475	20	15	10
Georgian	1,035	565	475	20	15	10
Korean	109,705	51,385	58,320	2,255	1,070	1,180
Mongolic languages	910	440	470	5	5	5
Mongolian	910	435	470	5	5	0
Niger-Congo languages	28,665	13,340	15,320	75	30	40
Akan (Twi)	5,990	2,695	3,295	25	10	15
Bamanankan	340	180	160	0	0	0
Edo	415	175	240	0	0	0
Ewe	410	185	225	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	825	400	425	0	0	0
Ga	250	105	140	5	0	0
Ganda	345	160	185	0	0	0
Igbo	1,000	485	510	0	5	5
Lingala	1,045	455	590	5	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	2,110	990	1,115	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	1,530	670	865	5	0	5
Shona	1,035	475	560	5	0	0
Swahili	5,370	2,500	2,870	25	10	15
Wolof	1,380	745	635	0	0	5
Yoruba	2,615	1,275	1,340	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	4,010	1,850	2,160	0	5	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	2,650	1,305	1,350	5	0	5
Dinka	1,130	580	550	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	1,525	730	800	5	0	5
Sign languages	10,445	5,870	4,570	75	40	40
American Sign Language	3,015	1,560	1,460	10	5	5
Quebec Sign Language	730	375	355	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	6,690	3,935	2,755	70	35	35
Sino-Tibetan languages	924,720	433,530	491,190	94,600	45,035	49,560
Chinese languages	913,365	427,860	485,505	94,560	45,020	49,540
Cantonese	400,215	184,340	215,885	56,750	26,825	29,935
Hakka	4,080	1,820	2,265	985	460	530
Mandarin	462,890	220,075	242,815	34,390	16,605	17,785
Min Dong	345	150	195	70	30	45
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	13,965	6,345	7,625	780	370	410
Wu (Shanghainese)	7,650	3,580	4,075	590	280	310
Chinese, n.o.s.	23,935	11,440	12,500	975	450	520
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	280	130	150	10	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	11,350	5,670	5,680	40	20	25
Burmese	2,245	1,115	1,125	35	15	20
Karenic languages	3,865	1,935	1,930	5	0	0
Tibetan	4,590	2,305	2,280	5	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	655	305	345	5	5	0
Tai-Kadai languages	9,565	4,455	5,110	50	30	25
Lao	6,175	2,995	3,180	30	15	10
Thai	3,360	1,450	1,915	20	10	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	30	15	15	5	5	5
Turkic languages	22,250	11,205	11,045	235	110	125
Azerbaijani	1,245	640	610	40	20	20
Turkish	18,955	9,525	9,430	185	85	100
Uyghur	610	315	290	0	0	0
Uzbek	990	505	490	0	0	5
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	455	230	225	10	5	5
Uralic languages	23,245	10,715	12,535	190	85	110
Estonian	975	365	610	20	10	15
Finnish	2,790	1,220	1,565	25	10	10
Hungarian	19,485	9,125	10,355	140	60	80
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	1,110	605	500	0	5	0
Multiple responses	1,663,390	802,695	860,690	36,250	17,670	18,580
English and French	160,185	77,940	82,235	515	245	270
English and non-official language	1,284,975	620,375	664,600	35,025	17,110	17,915
French and non-official language	148,915	70,915	78,000	105	45	55
English, French and non-official language	69,315	33,465	35,850	605	260	345
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% dataCensus data footnote 20	34,767,255	17,101,165	17,666,080	327,785	159,855	167,935
None	29,615,245	14,612,175	15,003,065	226,840	110,935	115,900
English	2,109,340	1,045,215	1,064,120	49,760	24,470	25,290
French	731,095	342,245	388,855	1,780	765	1,025
Non-official language	2,151,690	1,023,940	1,127,750	47,665	22,910	24,755
Aboriginal	90,740	42,890	47,850	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	2,060,945	981,055	1,079,895	47,665	22,910	24,755
English and French	47,970	23,785	24,190	240	100	135
English and non-official language	61,075	30,045	31,030	1,065	500	570
French and non-official language	48,755	22,690	26,065	425	175	255
English, French and non-official language	2,080	1,075	1,010	10	5	10
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 21	28,642,980	13,990,620	14,652,355	272,050	131,175	140,875
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	27,488,530	13,444,335	14,044,190	256,900	123,675	133,220
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,204	40,782	28,860	28,106	32,260	25,270
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	27,499,185	13,449,010	14,050,175	256,950	123,695	133,255
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,866	35,933	26,621	26,319	29,765	23,880
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	24,583,315	12,296,595	12,286,725	228,160	112,345	115,815
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,762	39,925	26,613	29,089	34,305	24,966
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	19,743,240	8,755,815	10,987,430	188,000	83,415	104,585
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	5,453	4,199	6,136	1,660	866	2,955
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	20,428,685	10,547,760	9,880,925	186,150	94,580	91,565
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,684	39,836	28,474	32,242	36,654	28,804
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 22	28,643,015	13,990,430	14,652,585	272,050	131,175	140,880
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	27,489,395	13,441,555	14,047,845	256,980	123,805	133,170
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	47,487	56,740	38,632	45,184	52,683	38,212
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	27,500,230	13,446,230	14,053,995	257,045	123,825	133,220
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,977	45,404	32,828	37,126	42,271	32,343
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	24,584,065	12,295,015	12,289,055	228,145	112,575	115,570
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,885	56,803	36,962	46,235	54,366	38,314
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	19,742,130	8,752,070	10,990,060	188,515	83,900	104,615
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,738	7,345	8,050	5,639	4,792	6,318
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	20,428,670	10,542,540	9,886,130	186,150	94,770	91,380
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,057	54,369	37,193	47,769	55,188	40,075
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 23	28,643,015	13,990,430	14,652,585	272,050	131,170	140,875
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 24	9,367,045	5,231,015	4,136,035	87,215	48,410	38,805
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)Census data footnote 25	53,431	59,326	47,420	56,396	61,298	51,488
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)Census data footnote 26	65,997	74,289	55,510	70,305	78,024	60,676
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% dataCensus data footnote 27	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)Census data footnote 28	88.3	91.6	83.7	90.9	93.9	87.0
Employment income (%)Census data footnote 29	72.0	75.2	67.7	76.6	79.9	72.3
Government transfers (%)Census data footnote 30	11.7	8.4	16.3	9.1	6.1	13.0
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 31	28,642,980	13,990,620	14,652,360	272,055	131,170	140,880
Without total income	1,154,450	546,285	608,165	15,150	7,495	7,655
With total income	27,488,530	13,444,335	14,044,195	256,900	123,675	133,225
Percentage with total income	96.0	96.1	95.8	94.4	94.3	94.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,877,620	1,668,960	2,208,655	52,490	23,470	29,020
$10,000 to $19,999	4,680,380	1,867,600	2,812,785	50,090	22,160	27,930
$20,000 to $29,999	3,807,840	1,593,335	2,214,505	30,745	13,610	17,135
$30,000 to $39,999	3,206,175	1,472,670	1,733,510	23,400	10,490	12,910
$40,000 to $49,999	2,827,045	1,376,565	1,450,480	20,120	9,220	10,900
$50,000 to $59,999	2,179,775	1,145,685	1,034,090	15,895	7,625	8,270
$60,000 to $69,999	1,655,070	938,755	716,310	13,075	6,535	6,545
$70,000 to $79,999	1,271,850	745,830	526,015	10,350	5,460	4,890
$80,000 to $89,999	966,885	579,290	387,590	8,590	4,780	3,815
$90,000 to $99,999	749,290	452,240	297,050	7,780	4,225	3,550
$100,000 and over	2,266,600	1,603,400	663,195	24,350	16,095	8,260
$100,000 to $149,999	1,493,570	1,024,210	469,365	16,075	10,120	5,950
$150,000 and over	773,025	579,190	193,830	8,280	5,970	2,305
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 32	28,642,980	13,990,620	14,652,360	272,050	131,170	140,880
Without after-tax income	1,143,795	541,620	602,175	15,105	7,480	7,620
With after-tax income	27,499,185	13,449,010	14,050,175	256,950	123,695	133,255
Percentage with after-tax income	96.0	96.1	95.9	94.4	94.3	94.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,004,475	1,706,825	2,297,645	53,325	23,740	29,590
$10,000 to $19,999	4,905,055	1,972,920	2,932,130	51,825	23,035	28,795
$20,000 to $29,999	4,489,925	1,926,175	2,563,755	34,645	15,360	19,285
$30,000 to $39,999	3,924,960	1,870,705	2,054,250	27,430	12,445	14,985
$40,000 to $49,999	3,144,200	1,619,670	1,524,525	22,785	10,735	12,055
$50,000 to $59,999	2,209,280	1,245,570	963,705	17,615	8,805	8,815
$60,000 to $69,999	1,540,300	912,230	628,065	13,370	7,200	6,170
$70,000 to $79,999	1,076,180	654,570	421,610	11,175	6,215	4,960
$80,000 and over	2,204,820	1,540,335	664,485	24,770	16,165	8,605
$80,000 to $89,999	688,705	444,550	244,145	7,845	4,600	3,250
$90,000 to $99,999	420,975	291,090	129,885	4,885	3,125	1,760
$100,000 and over	1,095,140	804,690	290,445	12,040	8,445	3,595
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 33	28,642,980	13,990,625	14,652,360	272,050	131,170	140,880
Without employment income	8,214,295	3,442,860	4,771,430	85,900	36,590	49,310
With employment income	20,428,690	10,547,760	9,880,925	186,145	94,580	91,565
Percentage with employment income	71.3	75.4	67.4	68.4	72.1	65.0
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,778,990	1,357,430	1,421,560	23,715	10,975	12,740
$5,000 to $9,999	1,602,140	697,025	905,120	16,830	7,730	9,100
$10,000 to $19,999	2,736,010	1,212,855	1,523,155	27,765	13,580	14,185
$20,000 to $29,999	2,293,785	1,022,090	1,271,695	20,355	9,430	10,930
$30,000 to $39,999	2,149,860	1,001,065	1,148,795	17,300	8,170	9,135
$40,000 to $49,999	1,928,565	946,625	981,940	15,150	7,135	8,015
$50,000 to $59,999	1,554,100	839,045	715,055	12,415	6,135	6,275
$60,000 to $69,999	1,220,310	708,270	512,040	10,380	5,340	5,045
$70,000 to $79,999	992,170	591,945	400,225	8,420	4,615	3,805
$80,000 and over	3,172,770	2,171,415	1,001,355	33,825	21,480	12,345
$80,000 to $89,999	773,755	475,700	298,055	7,205	4,095	3,110
$90,000 to $99,999	623,980	382,330	241,650	6,910	3,765	3,145
$100,000 and over	1,775,030	1,313,385	461,645	19,705	13,615	6,085
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% dataCensus data footnote 34	14,072,080	...	...	102,675	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	70,336	...	...	89,028	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	61,348	...	...	78,472	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	3,969,790	...	...	13,785	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	35,174	...	...	40,480	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,446	...	...	35,896	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	10,102,290	...	...	88,890	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	88,249	...	...	98,526	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	76,419	...	...	86,768	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 35	14,072,075	...	...	102,675	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	92,764	...	...	113,087	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	76,171	...	...	92,943	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	3,967,765	...	...	13,735	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	46,799	...	...	55,714	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	38,685	...	...	44,957	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	10,104,315	...	...	88,940	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	110,813	...	...	121,946	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	90,890	...	...	100,353	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 36	14,072,075	...	...	102,675	...	...
Under $5,000	228,790	...	...	2,120	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	200,315	...	...	1,270	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	374,575	...	...	1,760	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	565,940	...	...	2,505	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	602,800	...	...	2,615	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	538,710	...	...	3,400	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	603,480	...	...	3,465	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	606,600	...	...	3,395	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	596,110	...	...	3,400	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	578,325	...	...	3,400	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,097,345	...	...	6,375	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,010,415	...	...	6,370	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	924,320	...	...	6,075	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	836,765	...	...	5,745	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	745,655	...	...	5,545	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,561,920	...	...	45,225	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,470,255	...	...	11,700	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,016,245	...	...	9,190	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,116,140	...	...	11,950	...	...
$200,000 and over	959,285	...	...	12,385	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 32	14,072,075	...	...	102,675	...	...
Under $5,000	243,780	...	...	2,280	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	203,865	...	...	1,295	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	380,680	...	...	1,780	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	591,660	...	...	2,615	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	673,740	...	...	2,805	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	628,225	...	...	3,660	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	719,825	...	...	3,820	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	725,675	...	...	3,850	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	711,180	...	...	4,010	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	691,695	...	...	3,850	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,299,680	...	...	7,830	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,169,515	...	...	7,400	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,041,635	...	...	7,295	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	900,055	...	...	6,755	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	757,295	...	...	6,220	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,333,575	...	...	37,220	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,371,945	...	...	12,615	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	809,540	...	...	9,070	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,152,090	...	...	15,535	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 37	9,688,845	...	...	88,385	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	88,306	...	...	96,829	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	76,372	...	...	85,237	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	3,706,220	...	...	20,330	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	78,976	...	...	80,300	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	68,309	...	...	70,709	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	4,222,140	...	...	54,185	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	113,465	...	...	113,041	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	96,608	...	...	98,576	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.0	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,481,410	...	...	10,820	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	53,193	...	...	58,457	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	48,856	...	...	53,610	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 38	9,689,855	...	...	88,420	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	111,235	...	...	120,626	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	91,040	...	...	99,131	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	3,706,400	...	...	20,170	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	101,086	...	...	108,720	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	82,296	...	...	86,435	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	4,225,855	...	...	54,210	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	137,094	...	...	135,335	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	111,307	...	...	111,564	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,477,190	...	...	10,895	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	65,549	...	...	72,895	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	56,687	...	...	62,607	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 21	5,313,545	2,608,845	2,704,705	21,355	9,685	11,670
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)Census data footnote 39	31,890	34,483	29,801	29,195	28,971	29,376
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)Census data footnote 39	28,959	30,746	27,495	27,128	26,798	27,374
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 40	5,299,050	2,596,985	2,702,070	21,295	9,575	11,715
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)Census data footnote 41	42,939	46,085	39,915	44,434	44,840	44,102
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)Census data footnote 41	35,801	37,724	33,952	36,556	36,493	36,607
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 42	34,460,065	16,971,550	17,488,515	327,405	159,720	167,680
In the bottom half of the distribution	17,229,835	8,256,970	8,972,865	152,560	73,530	79,030
In the bottom decile	3,445,950	1,672,900	1,773,050	34,660	16,780	17,880
In the second decile	3,445,660	1,564,965	1,880,700	32,995	15,790	17,205
In the third decile	3,446,165	1,641,930	1,804,235	29,355	14,155	15,200
In the fourth decile	3,445,850	1,677,120	1,768,730	27,470	13,345	14,130
In the fifth decile	3,446,210	1,700,060	1,746,150	28,075	13,470	14,605
In the top half of the distribution	17,230,230	8,714,580	8,515,650	174,840	86,190	88,650
In the sixth decile	3,445,695	1,716,510	1,729,185	28,335	13,755	14,580
In the seventh decile	3,446,470	1,730,975	1,715,500	30,570	14,920	15,650
In the eighth decile	3,445,940	1,741,640	1,704,300	33,575	16,420	17,155
In the ninth decile	3,446,045	1,751,850	1,694,195	39,180	19,415	19,765
In the top decile	3,446,080	1,773,600	1,672,475	43,185	21,680	21,500
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% dataCensus data footnote 43	33,968,295	16,724,265	17,244,035	327,400	159,725	167,675
0 to 17 years	6,836,380	3,504,250	3,332,125	67,965	35,075	32,890
0 to 5 years	2,228,770	1,142,505	1,086,270	20,640	10,575	10,060
18 to 64 years	21,695,090	10,690,090	11,005,005	210,855	101,625	109,230
65 years and over	5,436,830	2,529,930	2,906,905	48,580	23,020	25,565
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	4,809,940	2,243,200	2,566,740	49,485	23,805	25,685
0 to 17 years	1,163,830	597,570	566,255	12,255	6,340	5,920
0 to 5 years	396,095	203,055	193,030	3,880	2,005	1,880
18 to 64 years	2,855,290	1,341,590	1,513,700	30,980	14,575	16,400
65 years and over	790,825	304,040	486,780	6,245	2,885	3,360
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.2	13.4	14.9	15.1	14.9	15.3
0 to 17 years (%)	17.0	17.1	17.0	18.0	18.1	18.0
0 to 5 years (%)	17.8	17.8	17.8	18.8	19.0	18.7
18 to 64 years (%)	13.2	12.5	13.8	14.7	14.3	15.0
65 years and over (%)	14.5	12.0	16.7	12.9	12.5	13.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,128,995	1,519,370	1,609,630	40,080	19,355	20,730
0 to 17 years	696,025	357,255	338,770	9,790	5,060	4,725
0 to 5 years	236,435	121,170	115,260	3,105	1,615	1,490
18 to 64 years	2,157,745	1,057,585	1,100,160	26,570	12,645	13,925
65 years and over	275,225	104,525	170,695	3,725	1,650	2,075
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	9.2	9.1	9.3	12.2	12.1	12.4
0 to 17 years (%)	10.2	10.2	10.2	14.4	14.4	14.4
0 to 5 years (%)	10.6	10.6	10.6	15.0	15.3	14.8
18 to 64 years (%)	9.9	9.9	10.0	12.6	12.4	12.7
65 years and over (%)	5.1	4.1	5.9	7.7	7.2	8.1
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 44	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485	327,400	159,725	167,680
Official languages	33,818,210	16,709,290	17,108,920	294,680	146,005	148,675
English	29,748,265	14,806,270	14,941,995	294,505	145,935	148,575
French	10,242,945	4,952,455	5,290,495	19,190	8,405	10,785
Non-official languages	9,369,280	4,488,185	4,881,090	233,815	111,840	121,975
Aboriginal languages	263,845	127,550	136,295	10	10	10
Algonquian languages	177,570	85,505	92,065	10	0	0
Blackfoot	5,645	2,695	2,950	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	116,585	56,515	60,070	0	0	0
Atikamekw	6,640	3,335	3,305	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	11,440	5,500	5,945	0	0	0
Moose Cree	195	80	115	0	0	0
Naskapi	1,465	710	755	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	545	225	320	0	0	0
Plains Cree	5,905	2,705	3,200	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	40	30	10	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	2,345	995	1,350	0	0	0
Woods Cree	2,665	1,230	1,435	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	86,115	42,080	44,035	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	9,765	4,710	5,050	10	0	10
Malecite	755	370	390	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	9,025	4,350	4,670	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	46,685	22,100	24,585	0	10	0
Algonquin	2,480	1,165	1,315	0	0	0
Ojibway	28,585	13,365	15,220	10	0	0
Oji-Cree	15,610	7,575	8,030	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	205	105	105	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	120	60	60	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	23,655	11,340	12,320	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	23,570	11,300	12,265	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	210	105	100	0	0	0
Beaver	340	180	165	0	0	0
Carrier	2,105	955	1,145	0	0	0
Chilcotin	1,150	535	610	0	0	0
Dene	13,060	6,270	6,790	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	2,375	1,210	1,165	0	0	0
Gwich'in	360	165	200	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	150	60	90	0	0	0
Sekani	185	85	100	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	2,815	1,340	1,475	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	1,010	475	530	0	0	0
South Slavey	1,365	660	710	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	680	320	360	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	630	340	285	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	365	205	170	0	0	0
Tahltan	270	140	130	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	420	160	260	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	285	115	170	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	145	50	95	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	85	35	50	0	0	0
Haida	465	205	260	0	0	0
Inuit languages	42,980	21,355	21,630	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	1,975	895	1,080	0	0	0
Inuktitut	40,620	20,280	20,340	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	470	225	240	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	2,800	1,240	1,555	0	0	0
Cayuga	125	40	85	0	0	0
Mohawk	2,415	1,120	1,295	0	0	0
Oneida	180	60	125	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	115	45	75	0	0	0
Kutenai	175	95	80	0	0	0
Michif	1,210	585	625	0	0	0
Salish languages	5,750	2,730	3,015	0	0	0
Comox	185	75	110	0	0	0
Halkomelem	1,060	475	585	0	0	0
Lillooet	790	405	385	0	0	0
Okanagan	820	370	450	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	1,305	640	665	0	0	0
Squamish	285	125	155	0	0	0
Straits	360	160	200	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	450	220	235	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	565	295	270	0	0	0
Siouan languages	5,430	2,665	2,770	0	0	0
Dakota	1,760	870	890	0	0	0
Stoney	3,675	1,805	1,875	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	140	70	70	0	0	0
Tlingit	260	140	120	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	2,730	1,350	1,380	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	1,305	645	660	0	0	0
Nisga'a	1,060	545	515	0	0	0
Tsimshian	410	180	235	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	1,490	680	805	0	0	0
Haisla	175	65	110	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	125	50	75	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	605	285	320	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	565	265	300	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	30	20	10	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	665	310	360	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	9,107,075	4,361,420	4,745,660	233,810	111,835	121,975
Afro-Asiatic languages	837,355	432,560	404,795	5,355	2,565	2,790
Berber languages	29,460	15,745	13,715	10	0	0
Kabyle	17,120	9,100	8,015	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	12,505	6,735	5,775	0	10	0
Cushitic languages	57,125	26,870	30,250	130	65	70
Bilen	1,085	625	470	0	0	0
Oromo	6,245	3,070	3,175	15	10	0
Somali	49,665	23,070	26,590	120	55	60
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	480	220	265	0	0	0
Semitic languages	771,130	400,780	370,350	5,220	2,500	2,725
Amharic	33,670	16,675	16,995	145	75	70
Arabic	629,055	329,235	299,820	3,920	1,885	2,035
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	19,745	9,720	10,020	30	15	15
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	7,115	3,505	3,610	0	0	0
Harari	1,710	855	860	50	30	30
Hebrew	75,020	38,730	36,290	1,060	510	550
Maltese	7,625	3,760	3,870	50	15	35
Tigrigna	21,340	10,640	10,705	40	10	25
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	3,220	1,655	1,565	20	10	10
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	2,775	1,440	1,335	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	224,865	105,845	119,020	1,980	820	1,160
Khmer (Cambodian)	27,035	12,640	14,400	30	10	20
Vietnamese	198,895	93,735	105,155	1,950	815	1,135
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	190	70	120	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	656,200	273,075	383,125	7,190	2,765	4,420
Bikol	2,075	885	1,190	10	0	10
Cebuano	27,045	10,960	16,085	165	65	100
Fijian	1,660	955	705	10	10	0
Hiligaynon	7,925	3,200	4,720	35	15	15
Ilocano	34,530	13,805	20,730	265	100	170
Malagasy	2,335	1,120	1,220	10	0	0
Malay	22,470	10,370	12,100	480	230	255
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5,425	2,445	2,980	75	35	40
Pangasinan	1,800	790	1,015	10	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	612,735	253,210	359,530	6,565	2,475	4,090
Waray-Waray	1,395	530	860	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5,585	2,540	3,040	35	15	20
Creole languages	155,615	70,545	85,070	690	335	350
Haitian Creole	6,850	3,140	3,710	25	10	15
Creole, n.o.s.	133,045	59,890	73,160	415	205	210
Creole languages, n.i.e.	16,635	7,955	8,675	255	125	130
Dravidian languages	250,180	126,220	123,960	20,465	10,035	10,430
Kannada	8,245	4,180	4,065	140	60	75
Malayalam	37,810	19,410	18,400	780	385	390
Tamil	189,860	94,640	95,220	19,190	9,415	9,770
Telugu	23,160	12,770	10,390	575	280	300
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	790	385	405	0	10	0
Hmong-Mien languages	870	435	435	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	5,158,010	2,506,455	2,651,555	59,705	29,225	30,475
Albanian	31,930	16,140	15,790	120	65	60
Armenian	41,295	19,980	21,315	1,585	780	810
Balto-Slavic languages	817,315	384,960	432,350	5,860	2,705	3,155
Baltic languages	14,675	6,470	8,205	110	45	65
Latvian	6,500	2,960	3,540	45	20	25
Lithuanian	8,185	3,510	4,675	65	25	40
Slavic languages	805,915	379,965	425,945	5,790	2,680	3,110
Belarusan	2,265	1,070	1,195	20	10	15
Bosnian	18,265	9,055	9,215	70	30	40
Bulgarian	22,425	10,920	11,505	190	90	100
Croatian	69,840	34,515	35,325	190	90	105
Czech	28,720	13,675	15,050	90	35	55
Macedonian	23,075	11,190	11,880	1,720	830	890
Polish	214,965	99,365	115,600	655	305	350
Russian	269,645	127,055	142,595	2,410	1,065	1,345
Serbian	73,775	37,040	36,740	390	195	195
Serbo-Croatian	11,275	5,525	5,750	75	50	30
Slovak	21,470	10,215	11,255	80	30	45
Slovene (Slovenian)	11,495	5,205	6,290	45	20	25
Ukrainian	132,115	58,820	73,300	335	155	180
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	3,000	1,590	1,405	15	10	10
Celtic languages	9,165	4,705	4,455	25	15	15
Scottish Gaelic	3,980	2,010	1,975	15	0	10
Welsh	1,690	830	860	10	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	3,590	1,915	1,680	10	0	0
Germanic languages	695,535	337,215	358,320	2,875	1,360	1,510
Afrikaans	23,410	11,795	11,610	380	185	195
Danish	15,745	7,320	8,425	75	45	30
Dutch	120,865	57,885	62,990	410	180	230
Frisian	2,910	1,515	1,395	0	0	0
German	502,730	245,745	256,985	1,755	820	930
Icelandic	1,780	830	945	0	0	0
Norwegian	8,120	3,860	4,260	45	20	20
Swedish	14,140	6,510	7,635	85	40	40
Vlaams (Flemish)	4,400	1,945	2,455	20	15	10
Yiddish	20,985	10,435	10,550	220	115	110
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	8,710	4,425	4,285	20	15	0
Greek	150,965	75,510	75,455	3,705	1,885	1,825
Indo-Iranian languages	1,658,220	840,850	817,365	36,330	18,075	18,245
Indo-Aryan languages	1,387,805	704,370	683,435	27,405	13,605	13,800
Bengali	91,220	46,935	44,285	925	435	485
Gujarati	149,045	74,765	74,285	5,760	2,795	2,965
Hindi	433,365	221,665	211,700	9,655	4,670	4,985
Kashmiri	905	490	420	20	10	15
Konkani	6,790	3,185	3,605	200	85	115
Marathi	15,570	8,200	7,365	445	245	200
Nepali	21,380	10,915	10,470	75	40	35
Oriya (Odia)	1,535	755	775	30	10	20
Punjabi (Panjabi)	668,240	341,450	326,790	6,615	3,400	3,220
Sindhi	20,260	9,310	10,945	1,000	460	540
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	27,825	13,970	13,855	950	510	440
Urdu	322,220	164,685	157,535	10,175	5,185	4,995
Iranian languages	281,715	142,030	139,680	9,190	4,570	4,620
Kurdish	15,290	8,290	7,000	130	55	75
Pashto	23,180	12,465	10,715	345	175	170
Persian (Farsi)	252,320	126,565	125,755	8,830	4,410	4,420
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	8,875	4,715	4,155	180	100	75
Italic (Romance) languages	1,897,630	898,530	999,100	10,695	5,070	5,625
Catalan	2,035	1,145	890	0	0	0
Italian	574,725	278,500	296,225	5,140	2,460	2,685
Portuguese	295,955	144,465	151,485	1,055	485	570
Romanian	115,050	55,275	59,770	1,060	540	520
Spanish	995,255	460,250	535,010	3,825	1,775	2,050
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	2,680	1,610	1,075	10	10	0
Japanese	83,090	36,760	46,335	1,065	505	565
Kartvelian languages	2,150	1,075	1,075	50	35	15
Georgian	2,150	1,080	1,070	50	40	15
Korean	172,755	80,170	92,590	4,015	1,905	2,115
Mongolic languages	2,090	960	1,130	0	0	0
Mongolian	2,090	960	1,130	0	0	10
Niger-Congo languages	177,215	88,135	89,080	855	430	425
Akan (Twi)	22,145	10,810	11,340	160	90	75
Bamanankan	3,190	1,660	1,530	0	0	0
Edo	3,220	1,510	1,705	0	10	0
Ewe	3,000	1,685	1,315	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	4,725	2,460	2,260	0	0	0
Ga	2,250	1,140	1,110	10	0	0
Ganda	2,495	1,175	1,320	10	10	0
Igbo	8,850	4,710	4,140	30	10	25
Lingala	17,010	7,865	9,145	30	15	15
Rundi (Kirundi)	8,590	4,075	4,515	10	0	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	7,860	3,600	4,260	0	0	0
Shona	5,425	2,530	2,905	25	10	15
Swahili	38,680	19,565	19,115	400	210	190
Wolof	8,240	4,455	3,785	10	0	10
Yoruba	22,420	11,475	10,940	90	50	40
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	40,760	20,375	20,385	135	60	80
Nilo-Saharan languages	7,015	3,520	3,495	0	0	0
Dinka	2,475	1,280	1,190	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	4,555	2,240	2,315	0	10	0
Sign languages	48,115	18,985	29,130	135	55	85
American Sign Language	21,930	7,780	14,155	40	20	20
Quebec Sign Language	4,665	1,665	3,005	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	22,275	9,835	12,440	95	30	65
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,430,440	672,100	758,340	136,780	65,410	71,370
Chinese languages	1,413,110	663,465	749,640	136,720	65,385	71,340
Cantonese	699,125	325,840	373,285	88,700	42,300	46,400
Hakka	12,445	5,555	6,890	2,705	1,235	1,470
Mandarin	814,450	377,635	436,815	64,350	29,935	34,415
Min Dong	1,045	440	600	150	50	100
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	42,840	19,005	23,835	2,295	1,035	1,265
Wu (Shanghainese)	16,530	7,490	9,040	1,255	600	655
Chinese, n.o.s.	41,690	19,995	21,690	1,535	730	805
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	590	250	340	15	10	10
Tibeto-Burman languages	18,270	9,100	9,175	105	50	50
Burmese	4,995	2,490	2,500	95	45	45
Karenic languages	4,895	2,425	2,475	0	0	0
Tibetan	7,050	3,555	3,490	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	2,375	1,160	1,220	10	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	30,400	13,210	17,195	210	85	125
Lao	17,235	8,240	8,990	90	45	50
Thai	15,390	5,875	9,520	115	45	70
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	115	50	65	10	0	0
Turkic languages	60,530	31,585	28,945	970	510	460
Azerbaijani	5,450	2,885	2,565	145	75	70
Turkish	50,775	26,605	24,165	830	445	390
Uyghur	1,385	685	700	0	0	0
Uzbek	2,465	1,230	1,235	20	0	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	1,870	905	965	0	0	0
Uralic languages	94,810	44,270	50,545	880	410	470
Estonian	6,070	2,750	3,315	125	60	70
Finnish	17,595	7,540	10,050	155	70	90
Hungarian	71,285	34,005	37,280	605	285	315
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	9,730	5,375	4,355	35	25	10
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 45	34,460,065	16,971,580	17,488,490	327,400	159,725	167,675
Canadian citizensCensus data footnote 46	32,034,590	15,799,495	16,235,090	283,890	139,420	144,475
Canadian citizens aged under 18	6,652,795	3,412,785	3,240,010	63,235	32,630	30,600
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	25,381,795	12,386,710	12,995,080	220,660	106,795	113,865
Not Canadian citizensCensus data footnote 47	2,425,480	1,172,085	1,253,400	43,510	20,300	23,210
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 48	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485	327,400	159,720	167,680
Non-immigrantsCensus data footnote 49	26,412,610	13,124,325	13,288,290	128,650	66,035	62,615
ImmigrantsCensus data footnote 50	7,540,830	3,586,495	3,954,330	192,220	90,490	101,730
Before 1981	1,941,510	927,795	1,013,715	33,295	16,315	16,980
1981 to 1990	915,555	439,245	476,310	31,295	15,000	16,295
1991 to 2000	1,486,655	696,720	789,940	59,445	28,035	31,410
2001 to 2010	1,985,035	940,570	1,044,465	47,525	21,775	25,755
2001 to 2005	928,935	439,890	489,050	26,445	12,125	14,320
2006 to 2010	1,056,095	500,680	555,415	21,085	9,655	11,430
2011 to 2016Census data footnote 51	1,212,075	582,175	629,895	20,660	9,365	11,290
Non-permanent residentsCensus data footnote 52	506,625	260,755	245,870	6,530	3,195	3,335
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 53	7,540,830	3,586,500	3,954,335	192,215	90,490	101,730
Under 5 years	731,340	364,165	367,175	13,730	7,000	6,730
5 to 14 years	1,311,810	665,870	645,945	28,345	14,325	14,030
15 to 24 years	1,604,430	724,430	880,005	40,725	18,440	22,285
25 to 44 years	3,198,920	1,513,970	1,684,950	84,700	39,665	45,035
45 years and over	694,320	318,060	376,260	24,725	11,065	13,660
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 54	7,540,830	3,586,495	3,954,330	192,220	90,490	101,730
Americas	1,128,745	510,650	618,100	13,935	6,430	7,505
Brazil	29,320	13,235	16,080	215	105	110
Colombia	70,035	32,065	37,965	295	145	150
El Salvador	48,080	23,865	24,215	100	35	65
Guyana	87,685	38,940	48,745	3,220	1,465	1,755
Haiti	93,480	40,955	52,525	70	25	45
Jamaica	138,345	59,960	78,390	3,980	1,760	2,220
Mexico	80,585	37,530	43,055	210	100	110
Peru	29,615	12,950	16,665	310	140	175
Trinidad and Tobago	65,040	29,325	35,710	1,640	770	880
United StatesCensus data footnote 55	253,715	113,505	140,215	1,915	940	975
Other places of birth in Americas	232,850	108,325	124,530	1,975	950	1,025
Europe	2,088,410	1,015,145	1,073,260	15,085	7,310	7,770
Bosnia and Herzegovina	36,135	18,050	18,085	90	55	30
Croatia	40,045	20,005	20,035	120	55	60
France	105,565	55,395	50,170	160	60	100
Germany	145,845	69,525	76,320	670	300	370
Greece	62,715	31,580	31,135	1,740	940	800
Hungary	36,820	17,945	18,875	350	150	200
IrelandCensus data footnote 56	28,325	14,355	13,970	230	90	140
Italy	236,640	118,595	118,040	2,730	1,335	1,395
Netherlands	88,475	45,185	43,295	230	130	100
Poland	146,465	66,450	80,020	500	220	280
Portugal	139,450	68,150	71,300	370	170	200
Romania	90,305	42,795	47,510	930	465	470
Russian Federation	78,685	34,265	44,420	775	330	445
SerbiaCensus data footnote 57	33,320	16,325	17,000	175	85	90
Ukraine	73,030	33,360	39,665	445	185	260
United KingdomCensus data footnote 58	499,115	243,225	255,890	3,420	1,710	1,710
Other places of birth in Europe	247,470	119,945	127,530	2,150	1,035	1,120
Africa	637,485	322,510	314,970	6,975	3,440	3,535
Algeria	64,620	33,920	30,705	30	10	20
Egypt	64,615	34,125	30,495	1,250	655	595
Ethiopia	32,790	15,980	16,810	180	95	80
Kenya	27,150	12,810	14,340	1,000	500	500
Morocco	69,655	36,120	33,535	75	40	40
Nigeria	42,430	21,830	20,600	230	100	135
Somalia	27,230	12,070	15,160	100	45	55
South Africa, Republic of	44,660	22,205	22,460	1,055	485	565
Other places of birth in Africa	264,320	133,450	130,870	3,055	1,515	1,545
Asia	3,629,160	1,709,985	1,919,175	155,990	73,195	82,800
Afghanistan	51,955	26,030	25,930	835	420	410
Bangladesh	58,735	29,875	28,865	525	250	275
ChinaCensus data footnote 59	649,260	290,800	358,460	59,060	27,200	31,860
Hong KongCensus data footnote 60	208,940	98,020	110,915	32,525	15,530	16,995
India	668,565	334,030	334,540	14,215	6,855	7,360
IranCensus data footnote 61	154,425	77,970	76,455	6,640	3,300	3,340
Iraq	68,485	34,785	33,705	480	225	250
Japan	27,240	7,955	19,285	345	155	195
Korea, SouthCensus data footnote 62	123,305	57,170	66,140	2,905	1,390	1,510
Lebanon	88,745	47,295	41,450	665	325	345
Pakistan	202,260	103,225	99,035	5,540	2,735	2,810
Philippines	588,305	247,095	341,210	6,720	2,700	4,020
Sri Lanka	131,995	64,825	67,170	12,805	6,180	6,625
SyriaCensus data footnote 63	52,960	26,595	26,365	240	135	100
Taiwan	63,770	28,170	35,605	2,335	1,005	1,335
Viet Nam	169,250	78,000	91,250	3,620	1,595	2,030
Other places of birth in Asia	320,965	158,150	162,815	6,535	3,175	3,360
Oceania and other places of birthCensus data footnote 64	57,030	28,210	28,825	235	110	125
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 54	1,212,075	582,180	629,895	20,655	9,370	11,290
Americas	152,595	72,870	79,720	925	470	450
Brazil	8,500	4,000	4,490	15	0	20
Colombia	15,300	6,885	8,415	30	15	10
Cuba	5,370	2,545	2,820	25	20	0
Haiti	19,985	9,160	10,830	10	0	10
Jamaica	12,495	6,680	5,820	135	50	85
Mexico	18,660	9,090	9,575	40	30	10
United StatesCensus data footnote 55	33,060	16,480	16,580	390	200	185
VenezuelaCensus data footnote 65	6,425	2,990	3,435	40	25	15
Other places of birth in Americas	32,790	15,040	17,750	230	125	110
Europe	140,030	70,995	69,035	410	190	215
France	24,150	13,000	11,150	30	20	10
Germany	6,300	3,255	3,045	15	10	10
IrelandCensus data footnote 56	5,660	3,540	2,120	10	10	0
MoldovaCensus data footnote 66	5,900	2,735	3,165	0	0	0
Romania	7,610	3,330	4,280	35	15	20
Russian Federation	11,565	4,485	7,080	75	30	50
Ukraine	13,425	6,015	7,410	60	20	45
United KingdomCensus data footnote 58	24,445	14,235	10,215	75	40	35
Other places of birth in Europe	40,970	20,405	20,570	115	55	55
Africa	162,800	81,545	81,245	370	195	180
Algeria	17,175	8,440	8,735	0	0	0
Cameroon	10,265	5,005	5,255	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	7,400	3,570	3,835	10	10	0
Côte d'Ivoire	6,240	3,030	3,210	25	15	10
Egypt	16,115	8,445	7,665	170	85	90
Eritrea	6,050	3,195	2,855	0	0	0
Ethiopia	7,510	3,625	3,890	0	10	0
Morocco	15,105	7,470	7,635	10	0	10
Nigeria	17,285	8,850	8,435	20	10	10
Somalia	5,335	2,600	2,730	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	5,765	2,935	2,830	10	0	10
Tunisia	6,700	3,475	3,230	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	41,855	20,905	20,950	115	60	55
Asia	748,700	352,095	396,610	18,925	8,490	10,435
Afghanistan	9,240	4,530	4,710	90	40	50
Bangladesh	12,900	6,445	6,460	45	20	25
ChinaCensus data footnote 59	129,020	57,745	71,270	11,785	5,270	6,515
Hong KongCensus data footnote 60	4,975	2,090	2,880	625	250	380
India	147,190	75,145	72,045	1,250	600	655
IranCensus data footnote 61	42,070	20,580	21,490	1,700	850	850
Iraq	20,665	10,345	10,320	35	15	20
Israel	4,740	2,615	2,130	40	10	30
Japan	4,905	1,250	3,655	30	10	20
Korea, SouthCensus data footnote 62	21,710	9,630	12,075	390	190	205
Lebanon	9,375	4,980	4,400	40	25	15
Nepal	7,505	3,780	3,715	25	15	10
Pakistan	41,480	20,530	20,945	665	295	370
Philippines	188,810	83,050	105,760	880	270	610
Saudi Arabia	5,465	2,820	2,640	65	50	15
Sri Lanka	11,495	5,190	6,305	575	270	305
SyriaCensus data footnote 63	29,945	15,245	14,700	30	25	0
Taiwan	4,310	1,685	2,625	170	90	80
Turkey	4,255	2,365	1,890	20	0	15
United Arab Emirates	6,135	3,220	2,910	125	65	60
Viet Nam	11,210	4,500	6,705	75	20	55
Other places of birth in Asia	31,320	14,345	16,970	265	115	150
Oceania and otherCensus data footnote 64	7,955	4,670	3,280	25	15	10
Australia	4,965	2,950	2,010	20	15	0
Other places of birthCensus data footnote 67	2,990	1,720	1,270	10	10	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 68	34,460,060	16,971,575	17,488,485	327,400	159,720	167,675
First generationCensus data footnote 69	8,219,555	3,936,045	4,283,505	200,300	94,490	105,810
Second generationCensus data footnote 70	6,100,725	3,053,075	3,047,650	93,465	48,280	45,185
Third generation or moreCensus data footnote 71	20,139,790	9,982,460	10,157,330	33,645	16,955	16,690
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 72	5,703,615	2,709,530	2,994,085	161,675	75,465	86,210
Economic immigrantsCensus data footnote 73	2,994,130	1,496,240	1,497,885	87,260	43,320	43,945
Principal applicantsCensus data footnote 74	1,220,755	755,370	465,380	33,630	22,310	11,325
Secondary applicantsCensus data footnote 75	1,773,380	740,870	1,032,510	53,630	21,010	32,620
Immigrants sponsored by familyCensus data footnote 76	1,782,490	728,085	1,054,400	53,140	20,825	32,315
RefugeesCensus data footnote 77	858,845	453,675	405,175	17,695	9,655	8,035
Other immigrantsCensus data footnote 78	68,145	31,530	36,615	3,585	1,665	1,920
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 79	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485	327,400	159,720	167,675
Aboriginal identityCensus data footnote 80	1,673,785	813,520	860,265	740	335	405
Single Aboriginal responsesCensus data footnote 81	1,629,805	792,970	836,835	695	310	395
First Nations (North American Indian)Census data footnote 82	977,235	471,510	505,725	425	195	230
Métis	587,545	289,435	298,115	250	100	150
Inuk (Inuit)	65,030	32,030	32,995	20	15	10
Multiple Aboriginal responsesCensus data footnote 83	21,310	10,165	11,145	25	15	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhereCensus data footnote 84	22,670	10,385	12,290	20	10	10
Non-Aboriginal identity	32,786,280	16,158,060	16,628,225	326,660	159,390	167,275
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 85	34,460,065	16,971,580	17,488,490	327,400	159,720	167,675
Registered or Treaty IndianCensus data footnote 86	820,120	395,670	424,445	200	85	115
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	33,639,945	16,575,905	17,064,040	327,200	159,640	167,560
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 87	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,490	327,400	159,725	167,680
Aboriginal ancestry (only)Census data footnote 88	727,790	356,970	370,815	150	50	95
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)Census data footnote 89	709,235	347,985	361,245	145	45	95
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestryCensus data footnote 82	573,215	280,040	293,180	105	40	65
Métis single ancestry	91,255	45,740	45,515	40	10	35
Inuit single ancestry	44,765	22,210	22,555	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)Census data footnote 90	18,555	8,985	9,565	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	15,140	7,305	7,835	10	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	2,470	1,205	1,265	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	770	390	380	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	170	85	85	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestriesCensus data footnote 91	1,402,735	669,710	733,025	985	455	530
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestriesCensus data footnote 92	1,347,610	644,210	703,400	965	440	525
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	881,455	418,215	463,235	740	335	405
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	441,000	213,940	227,065	210	95	115
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	25,155	12,045	13,105	15	0	10
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestriesCensus data footnote 93	55,125	25,505	29,625	15	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	49,325	22,740	26,585	15	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	3,470	1,655	1,815	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,005	940	1,065	10	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	325	170	160	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)Census data footnote 94	32,329,545	15,944,900	16,384,645	326,270	159,220	167,050
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 95	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485	327,400	159,725	167,675
Total visible minority populationCensus data footnote 96	7,674,580	3,725,090	3,949,495	255,155	124,000	131,155
South AsianCensus data footnote 97	1,924,635	977,690	946,945	58,270	29,105	29,165
Chinese	1,577,060	746,400	830,665	147,725	71,610	76,115
Black	1,198,540	580,070	618,475	9,655	4,500	5,160
Filipino	780,125	341,800	438,330	8,905	3,780	5,120
Latin American	447,325	215,460	231,860	1,750	815	935
Arab	523,235	276,425	246,810	3,250	1,620	1,635
Southeast AsianCensus data footnote 98	313,260	148,880	164,385	2,520	1,105	1,415
West AsianCensus data footnote 99	264,305	133,475	130,825	7,910	4,000	3,910
Korean	188,710	89,110	99,600	4,355	2,140	2,210
Japanese	92,920	40,105	52,815	995	485	510
Visible minority, n.i.e.Census data footnote 100	132,090	62,540	69,550	2,920	1,385	1,530
Multiple visible minoritiesCensus data footnote 101	232,375	113,140	119,230	6,895	3,455	3,440
Not a visible minorityCensus data footnote 102	26,785,480	13,246,485	13,539,000	72,250	35,725	36,525
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 103	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485	327,400	159,725	167,675
North American Aboriginal origins	2,130,520	1,026,675	1,103,840	1,130	510	625
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,525,570	731,410	794,155	860	390	465
Inuit	79,130	38,695	40,435	20	10	10
Métis	599,995	291,310	308,690	275	120	150
Other North American origins	11,628,535	5,745,695	5,882,835	22,360	11,310	11,045
Acadian	119,675	57,805	61,865	65	20	45
American	377,405	182,690	194,715	1,315	665	655
Canadian	11,135,965	5,501,595	5,634,370	21,435	10,850	10,585
New Brunswicker	1,490	800	685	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	22,215	11,420	10,800	35	25	10
Nova Scotian	3,700	1,770	1,930	45	30	25
Ontarian	3,925	1,980	1,945	10	0	10
Québécois	194,560	99,320	95,235	35	15	15
Other North American origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 104	1,895	950	945	0	0	0
European origins	19,683,320	9,687,715	9,995,605	72,825	35,885	36,945
British Isles origins	11,211,850	5,474,735	5,737,115	35,225	17,330	17,895
Channel Islander	3,595	1,740	1,855	25	15	10
Cornish	1,975	995	975	0	0	0
English	6,320,085	3,069,515	3,250,570	20,555	10,185	10,370
Irish	4,627,000	2,195,620	2,431,385	13,905	6,860	7,040
Manx	6,125	3,090	3,040	30	15	10
Scottish	4,799,005	2,323,390	2,475,620	14,655	7,055	7,600
Welsh	474,805	226,600	248,210	1,290	620	670
British Isles origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 105	644,695	307,090	337,610	2,830	1,325	1,510
French origins	4,680,820	2,283,480	2,397,340	5,845	2,765	3,080
Alsatian	2,800	1,300	1,495	0	0	10
Breton	11,845	5,765	6,080	0	0	0
Corsican	1,750	950	805	0	0	0
French	4,670,595	2,278,430	2,392,165	5,845	2,765	3,080
Western European origins (except French origins)	4,600,855	2,258,095	2,342,760	10,345	5,245	5,100
Austrian	207,050	100,775	106,275	985	525	460
Bavarian	940	485	455	0	0	0
Belgian	186,665	91,395	95,270	265	115	145
Dutch	1,111,655	546,565	565,090	2,365	1,205	1,160
Flemish	11,685	5,730	5,960	15	10	0
Frisian	4,590	2,395	2,195	20	15	10
German	3,322,405	1,626,785	1,695,615	7,160	3,600	3,560
Luxembourger	3,915	2,025	1,890	20	15	10
Swiss	155,120	76,935	78,185	450	250	205
Western European origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 106	3,365	1,645	1,720	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	1,201,320	579,005	622,315	1,685	840	850
Danish	207,470	100,660	106,810	385	215	165
Finnish	143,645	69,045	74,600	510	220	285
Icelandic	101,795	49,875	51,915	75	35	30
Norwegian	463,275	223,075	240,200	320	165	150
Swedish	349,645	163,545	186,095	430	210	220
Northern European origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 107	52,780	26,965	25,820	100	45	55
Eastern European origins	3,431,245	1,666,740	1,764,505	13,910	6,935	6,980
Bulgarian	34,565	16,935	17,625	265	130	140
Byelorussian	20,710	10,190	10,515	205	75	130
Czech	104,580	51,555	53,030	430	225	205
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.Census data footnote 108	40,715	19,235	21,480	115	45	75
Estonian	24,530	11,715	12,815	250	105	150
Hungarian	348,085	170,040	178,045	1,485	765	725
Latvian	30,725	14,920	15,805	245	115	125
Lithuanian	59,285	28,745	30,535	700	320	375
Moldovan	14,915	7,265	7,650	80	45	35
Polish	1,106,585	533,830	572,750	5,015	2,555	2,460
Romanian	238,050	114,705	123,345	1,800	940	860
Russian	622,445	297,600	324,850	3,840	1,870	1,965
Slovak	72,285	35,360	36,925	250	135	115
Ukrainian	1,359,655	663,560	696,095	2,800	1,425	1,370
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 109	20,415	9,895	10,520	160	85	70
Southern European origins	3,012,375	1,494,605	1,517,775	26,495	13,200	13,295
Albanian	36,185	18,385	17,800	165	75	90
Bosnian	26,740	13,320	13,420	95	60	40
Catalan	1,280	740	535	15	15	0
Croatian	133,970	67,825	66,140	435	225	205
Cypriot	5,650	2,850	2,795	85	35	55
Greek	271,410	137,405	134,005	6,215	3,105	3,115
Italian	1,587,965	794,525	793,445	12,060	6,025	6,035
Kosovar	2,865	1,470	1,395	0	0	0
Macedonian	43,110	21,650	21,460	2,280	1,110	1,170
Maltese	41,920	20,955	20,965	240	100	145
Montenegrin	4,160	2,180	1,985	35	30	10
Portuguese	482,605	239,360	243,250	3,180	1,625	1,560
Serbian	96,530	49,095	47,440	630	325	305
Sicilian	6,940	3,500	3,435	85	45	45
Slovenian	40,470	20,105	20,365	200	115	95
Spanish	396,460	184,520	211,945	3,125	1,520	1,605
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.Census data footnote 110	38,480	18,620	19,860	180	85	95
Southern European origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 111	2,170	1,030	1,135	0	0	0
Other European origins	226,695	115,110	111,580	1,785	970	815
Basque	6,965	3,690	3,275	20	15	0
Jewish	143,660	72,625	71,035	1,420	750	665
Roma (Gypsy)	4,630	2,195	2,440	0	10	0
Slavic, n.o.s.Census data footnote 112	4,870	2,560	2,310	40	15	20
Other European origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 113	67,890	34,730	33,160	310	185	125
Caribbean origins	749,155	349,810	399,345	10,665	5,010	5,655
Antiguan	4,500	2,115	2,385	50	10	40
Bahamian	3,675	1,915	1,760	90	70	20
Barbadian	37,780	17,745	20,035	670	320	355
Bermudan	3,075	1,435	1,640	10	0	10
Carib	3,030	1,175	1,860	15	15	10
Cuban	29,065	13,800	15,270	145	75	75
Dominican	23,130	11,000	12,125	145	80	60
Grenadian	17,915	7,835	10,080	235	95	145
Guadeloupean	1,125	515	605	0	0	0
Haitian	165,095	76,460	88,635	140	55	80
Jamaican	309,485	145,080	164,410	6,175	2,895	3,275
Kittitian/Nevisian	2,915	1,460	1,460	55	30	25
Martinican	2,010	900	1,110	0	0	0
Montserratan	930	460	470	0	0	10
Puerto Rican	3,405	1,645	1,765	15	10	10
St. Lucian	8,985	4,095	4,890	60	35	25
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	78,965	37,325	41,635	1,640	760	880
Vincentian/Grenadinian	17,420	7,475	9,945	240	110	125
West Indian, n.o.s.Census data footnote 114	70,270	31,625	38,645	1,770	835	930
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 115	26,830	12,520	14,310	280	110	165
Latin, Central and South American origins	674,640	325,210	349,430	5,205	2,465	2,750
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	22,725	10,875	11,850	100	45	55
Arawak	1,440	610	830	0	0	0
Argentinian	20,680	10,130	10,545	230	105	120
Belizean	1,755	915	845	30	30	0
Bolivian	5,055	2,480	2,580	15	10	0
Brazilian	36,830	17,380	19,455	280	105	175
Chilean	45,190	22,280	22,910	95	40	60
Colombian	96,325	45,590	50,735	395	195	195
Costa Rican	5,535	2,680	2,855	10	10	10
Ecuadorian	25,405	11,995	13,415	235	110	125
Guatemalan	26,275	13,360	12,915	50	30	20
Guyanese	84,275	39,530	44,745	2,455	1,205	1,250
Hispanic	11,055	5,380	5,670	20	15	0
Honduran	10,650	5,235	5,415	0	0	0
Maya	6,285	3,350	2,940	10	10	0
Mexican	128,485	62,890	65,595	400	175	225
Nicaraguan	13,705	6,650	7,055	25	15	15
Panamanian	4,700	2,210	2,495	80	40	40
Paraguayan	4,325	2,165	2,160	20	10	10
Peruvian	42,145	19,645	22,505	360	155	205
Salvadorean	66,220	32,960	33,255	160	50	110
Uruguayan	6,795	3,390	3,410	65	20	45
Venezuelan	26,345	12,220	14,125	245	115	130
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 116	28,455	13,930	14,525	215	105	105
African origins	1,067,930	539,805	528,120	7,520	3,690	3,830
Central and West African origins	230,110	118,040	112,070	835	410	425
Akan	1,955	1,090	870	10	10	0
Angolan	2,960	1,475	1,480	10	10	0
Ashanti	1,585	855	735	15	0	10
Beninese	4,995	2,670	2,320	0	0	0
Burkinabe	3,150	1,665	1,485	0	0	0
Cameroonian	24,615	12,390	12,230	40	20	20
Chadian	1,845	955	885	0	0	0
Congolese	38,365	18,925	19,440	65	30	30
Edo	1,945	1,095	855	0	0	0
Ewe	845	470	375	0	0	0
Gabonese	1,405	660	750	0	0	0
Gambian	975	495	475	10	0	0
Ghanaian	35,495	17,720	17,770	270	135	130
Guinean	7,240	3,785	3,455	30	25	0
Ibo	5,315	2,850	2,470	55	20	35
Ivorian	10,935	5,485	5,450	25	10	15
Liberian	2,485	1,130	1,360	0	0	0
Malian	4,490	2,280	2,210	0	0	0
Malinké	1,125	585	535	45	25	25
Nigerian	51,835	27,025	24,805	205	90	115
Peulh	2,435	1,270	1,170	0	0	0
Senegalese	10,175	5,500	4,670	20	0	10
Sierra Leonean	2,620	1,330	1,295	0	0	0
Togolese	5,300	2,870	2,430	10	0	0
Wolof	840	495	345	0	0	0
Yoruba	9,585	5,075	4,515	60	25	30
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 117	15,380	7,940	7,445	40	25	10
North African origins	355,045	185,775	169,270	2,485	1,255	1,230
Algerian	67,335	34,755	32,580	45	0	30
Berber	37,060	19,685	17,375	0	10	0
Coptic	3,535	1,860	1,680	210	105	105
Dinka	900	500	400	0	0	0
Egyptian	99,140	51,730	47,410	1,915	995	920
Libyan	7,740	4,135	3,605	35	20	20
Maure	1,190	655	535	0	0	0
Moroccan	103,940	54,005	49,945	200	80	120
Sudanese	19,960	10,315	9,645	115	45	65
Tunisian	25,645	13,985	11,665	35	20	10
North African origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 118	6,115	3,320	2,795	10	0	0
Southern and East African origins	260,145	128,325	131,815	2,215	1,115	1,095
Afrikaner	1,870	955	915	35	15	20
Amhara	1,530	815	715	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.Census data footnote 119	3,965	2,175	1,785	0	0	0
Burundian	10,990	5,405	5,580	30	15	15
Djiboutian	1,710	790	920	0	0	0
Eritrean	25,255	12,830	12,430	55	25	30
Ethiopian	44,065	21,680	22,385	320	180	145
Harari	665	355	305	50	25	25
Kenyan	10,915	5,230	5,685	160	75	85
Malagasy	4,500	2,175	2,325	0	0	0
Mauritian	9,325	4,655	4,665	235	145	90
Oromo	3,350	1,745	1,605	15	10	10
Rwandan	10,775	5,065	5,705	0	0	0
Seychellois	1,285	575	710	0	0	0
Somali	62,550	30,215	32,330	215	105	115
South African	41,375	20,575	20,800	690	335	355
Tanzanian	4,710	2,400	2,310	145	85	65
Tigrian	2,155	1,160	995	0	0	0
Ugandan	5,705	2,875	2,830	55	30	30
Zambian	1,860	935	920	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	8,090	3,975	4,110	65	30	30
Zulu	945	475	475	0	0	10
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 120	17,305	8,445	8,860	280	125	150
Other African origins	239,560	116,400	123,165	2,030	930	1,100
Black, n.o.s.Census data footnote 121	30,385	14,015	16,370	300	125	175
Other African origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 122	212,005	103,790	108,215	1,755	820	930
Asian origins	6,095,235	2,958,120	3,137,115	242,105	117,750	124,355
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	1,011,145	518,170	492,980	15,735	7,875	7,860
Afghan	83,995	42,320	41,675	1,430	715	720
Arab, n.o.s.Census data footnote 123	111,400	58,930	52,475	560	280	280
Armenian	63,810	31,505	32,305	1,860	945	925
Assyrian	13,835	7,115	6,720	55	25	30
Azerbaijani	6,425	3,230	3,200	220	115	100
Georgian	4,775	2,430	2,345	85	65	15
Hazara	1,515	810	705	50	25	20
Iranian	210,405	106,565	103,840	8,120	4,115	4,000
Iraqi	70,925	35,965	34,955	640	290	350
Israeli	28,735	15,065	13,675	360	150	210
Jordanian	14,250	7,520	6,735	70	45	20
Kazakh	3,330	1,615	1,710	10	10	0
Kurd	16,315	8,810	7,515	100	55	40
Kuwaiti	2,235	1,185	1,055	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	1,060	510	550	10	10	0
Lebanese	219,555	112,970	106,590	1,185	540	645
Palestinian	44,820	23,900	20,920	345	170	180
Pashtun	4,810	2,565	2,245	65	35	30
Saudi Arabian	6,810	3,935	2,880	30	20	10
Syrian	77,045	38,445	38,600	255	100	155
Tajik	2,905	1,410	1,495	95	45	50
Tatar	4,825	2,155	2,670	45	25	15
Turk	63,955	32,855	31,100	655	375	275
Turkmen	1,040	540	500	0	0	0
Uighur	1,555	775	785	0	0	0
Uzbek	3,920	1,920	2,000	60	40	25
Yemeni	6,645	3,335	3,305	165	95	70
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 124	25,280	13,180	12,100	260	130	130
South Asian origins	1,963,330	993,595	969,735	58,880	29,255	29,620
Bangladeshi	45,940	23,645	22,300	320	165	150
Bengali	22,900	11,730	11,180	250	115	135
Bhutanese	3,600	1,765	1,835	0	0	0
East Indian	1,374,710	694,990	679,720	33,070	16,350	16,720
Goan	6,070	2,915	3,155	290	140	155
Gujarati	8,350	4,305	4,050	330	135	200
Kashmiri	3,115	1,605	1,510	50	40	15
Nepali	17,140	8,715	8,420	80	40	35
Pakistani	215,555	110,420	105,140	5,720	2,960	2,770
Punjabi	118,400	61,155	57,240	1,030	520	515
Sinhalese	7,285	3,605	3,685	245	150	95
Sri Lankan	152,595	75,010	77,585	14,340	6,995	7,350
Tamil	48,670	24,845	23,825	5,780	3,025	2,755
South Asian origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 125	76,400	38,815	37,585	2,905	1,465	1,445
East and Southeast Asian origins	3,163,360	1,467,205	1,696,155	169,040	81,355	87,685
Burmese	9,335	4,535	4,795	150	55	95
Cambodian (Khmer)	38,490	18,515	19,980	75	25	45
Chinese	1,769,195	836,150	933,045	152,090	73,745	78,350
Filipino	837,130	369,105	468,025	10,265	4,500	5,765
Hmong	805	420	390	15	10	10
Indonesian	21,390	9,950	11,440	475	250	225
Japanese	121,485	53,415	68,070	1,575	750	825
Karen	4,510	2,275	2,240	0	0	0
Korean	198,210	93,680	104,525	4,840	2,405	2,435
Laotian	24,580	12,190	12,390	105	50	50
Malaysian	16,920	7,735	9,185	505	255	250
Mongolian	7,480	3,560	3,915	70	35	35
Singaporean	2,850	1,325	1,520	135	65	70
Taiwanese	36,510	16,570	19,945	1,045	505	540
Thai	19,010	7,330	11,680	135	50	85
Tibetan	8,040	4,055	3,985	15	0	10
Vietnamese	240,615	115,935	124,680	2,970	1,340	1,630
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 126	6,500	3,150	3,355	200	115	95
Other Asian origins	22,745	11,280	11,460	485	250	240
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 127	22,740	11,280	11,460	490	250	240
Oceania origins	85,470	43,030	42,440	230	135	100
Australian	42,315	21,710	20,605	115	65	50
New Zealander	15,395	8,065	7,330	60	35	25
Pacific Islands origins	29,485	14,240	15,250	55	30	20
Fijian	19,375	9,280	10,090	30	20	10
Hawaiian	3,295	1,500	1,795	0	0	0
Maori	2,500	1,310	1,195	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.Census data footnote 128	1,530	725	805	0	0	0
Samoan	1,100	625	475	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 129	2,335	1,145	1,185	20	10	10
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 130	14,072,075	...	...	102,680	...	...
Owner	9,541,320	...	...	88,395	...	...
Renter	4,474,530	...	...	14,285	...	...
Band housing	56,230	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 131	14,072,075	...	...	102,675	...	...
Condominium	1,874,840	...	...	17,770	...	...
Not condominium	12,197,240	...	...	84,905	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 132	14,072,080	...	...	102,675	...	...
No bedrooms	93,345	...	...	150	...	...
1 bedroom	1,925,015	...	...	7,765	...	...
2 bedrooms	3,547,090	...	...	11,400	...	...
3 bedrooms	4,836,485	...	...	29,560	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	3,670,145	...	...	53,800	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 133	14,072,075	...	...	102,680	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	4,068,915	...	...	21,185	...	...
5 rooms	2,177,045	...	...	14,310	...	...
6 rooms	1,981,585	...	...	15,685	...	...
7 rooms	1,790,180	...	...	15,005	...	...
8 or more rooms	4,054,355	...	...	36,495	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 134	14,072,080	...	...	102,675	...	...
One person or fewer per room	13,802,060	...	...	98,575	...	...
More than 1 person per room	270,020	...	...	4,100	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 135	14,072,075	...	...	102,675	...	...
Suitable	13,376,345	...	...	95,655	...	...
Not suitable	695,730	...	...	7,020	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 136	14,072,080	...	...	102,680	...	...
1960 or before	3,126,380	...	...	2,800	...	...
1961 to 1980	4,185,510	...	...	18,030	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,977,640	...	...	20,970	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,746,390	...	...	16,365	...	...
2001 to 2005	976,390	...	...	16,560	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,089,750	...	...	13,900	...	...
2011 to 2016Census data footnote 137	970,015	...	...	14,045	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 138	14,072,080	...	...	102,675	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	13,151,600	...	...	99,875	...	...
Major repairs needed	920,480	...	...	2,805	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 139	14,072,080	...	...	102,675	...	...
1 household maintainer	8,324,865	...	...	51,275	...	...
2 household maintainers	5,404,800	...	...	46,120	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	342,415	...	...	5,275	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 140	14,072,080	...	...	102,675	...	...
15 to 24 years	437,230	...	...	1,155	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,991,685	...	...	10,400	...	...
35 to 44 years	2,414,920	...	...	19,370	...	...
45 to 54 years	2,862,870	...	...	26,025	...	...
55 to 64 years	2,859,315	...	...	22,840	...	...
65 to 74 years	2,034,220	...	...	14,525	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,084,700	...	...	6,380	...	...
85 years and over	387,135	...	...	1,985	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 141	13,798,305	...	...	102,430	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	10,472,355	...	...	67,310	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	3,325,950	...	...	35,115	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,861,615	...	...	28,075	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	9,368,330	...	...	88,390	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgageCensus data footnote 142	60.7	...	...	61.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costsCensus data footnote 141	16.6	...	...	31.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)Census data footnote 143	1,130	...	...	1,682	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)Census data footnote 143	1,313	...	...	1,785	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)Census data footnote 144	341,556	...	...	802,349	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)Census data footnote 144	443,058	...	...	893,165	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,452,850	...	...	14,275	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housingCensus data footnote 145	13.0	...	...	7.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costsCensus data footnote 141	40.0	...	...	53.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)Census data footnote 143	910	...	...	1,459	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)Census data footnote 143	1,002	...	...	1,436	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 146	28,643,015	13,990,435	14,652,580	272,050	131,175	140,875
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,239,575	2,667,995	2,571,585	45,325	20,535	24,790
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificateCensus data footnote 147	7,576,400	3,686,630	3,889,770	71,590	34,335	37,255
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,827,040	7,635,805	8,191,230	155,140	76,310	78,830
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,800,260	1,906,610	893,650	7,795	4,930	2,875
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of QualificationCensus data footnote 148	1,549,880	880,365	669,515	4,455	2,520	1,935
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of QualificationCensus data footnote 149	1,250,385	1,026,250	224,140	3,345	2,405	940
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	5,553,825	2,326,940	3,226,890	41,685	18,695	22,990
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	813,335	331,940	481,395	8,245	3,995	4,255
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	6,659,615	3,070,315	3,589,300	97,405	48,700	48,705
Bachelor's degree	4,443,835	1,967,905	2,475,935	68,265	32,995	35,270
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	462,295	203,725	258,570	5,300	2,565	2,735
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	190,925	102,530	88,395	2,450	1,215	1,235
Master's degree	1,331,045	651,510	679,535	19,105	10,395	8,710
Earned doctorateCensus data footnote 150	231,510	144,640	86,870	2,285	1,525	760
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 146	18,931,380	9,268,555	9,662,830	180,935	85,690	95,250
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,169,790	1,200,110	969,685	18,840	8,690	10,155
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificateCensus data footnote 147	4,494,585	2,247,020	2,247,565	39,450	18,320	21,130
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,267,005	5,821,425	6,445,580	122,640	58,680	63,960
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,042,430	1,377,775	664,650	5,000	3,020	1,975
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of QualificationCensus data footnote 148	1,145,035	639,785	505,250	2,915	1,555	1,350
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of QualificationCensus data footnote 149	897,390	737,990	159,405	2,085	1,465	625
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	4,241,985	1,786,065	2,455,920	32,040	14,125	17,920
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	580,885	240,040	340,850	6,270	2,885	3,385
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	5,401,705	2,417,555	2,984,155	79,325	38,650	40,675
Bachelor's degree	3,590,080	1,562,160	2,027,925	54,920	26,000	28,925
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	362,455	151,205	211,250	4,120	1,890	2,230
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	153,290	74,440	78,855	1,930	875	1,050
Master's degree	1,120,190	527,335	592,850	16,530	8,745	7,790
Earned doctorateCensus data footnote 150	175,685	102,415	73,275	1,825	1,145	680
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 151	28,643,015	13,990,430	14,652,585	272,050	131,175	140,875
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeCensus data footnote 152	12,815,980	6,354,625	6,461,350	116,910	54,860	62,050
Education	1,060,095	251,290	808,800	7,610	1,505	6,105
13. Education	1,060,095	251,290	808,805	7,615	1,510	6,105
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	596,230	268,050	328,180	5,480	2,345	3,135
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	99,020	72,865	26,150	635	445	190
50. Visual and performing arts	497,210	195,185	302,025	4,845	1,900	2,950
Humanities	850,840	330,490	520,345	8,820	2,815	6,000
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	98,000	22,100	75,900	1,315	290	1,025
23. English language and literature/letters	178,590	52,785	125,810	2,205	515	1,690
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	275,525	104,135	171,390	3,100	925	2,180
30A Interdisciplinary humanitiesCensus data footnote 153	4,160	1,640	2,520	25	15	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	51,930	30,185	21,750	370	185	185
39. Theology and religious vocations	77,490	46,285	31,200	655	410	240
54. History	111,465	59,965	51,500	895	445	450
55. French language and literature/letters	53,680	13,400	40,290	250	35	215
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,761,900	586,455	1,175,445	18,415	6,895	11,520
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	24,685	5,660	19,025	160	20	135
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	182,275	68,030	114,245	1,530	630	900
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	324,660	26,065	298,595	2,315	245	2,070
22. Legal professions and studies	289,600	102,660	186,945	2,565	1,040	1,525
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciencesCensus data footnote 154	35,445	8,150	27,295	270	50	220
42. Psychology	281,470	71,230	210,230	2,525	625	1,900
45. Social sciences	623,775	304,660	319,110	9,045	4,290	4,760
Business, management and public administration	3,360,045	1,272,475	2,087,565	44,215	19,520	24,695
30.16 Accounting and computer science	6,190	1,850	4,340	95	45	55
44. Public administration and social service professions	237,835	48,815	189,015	1,435	315	1,120
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,116,025	1,221,805	1,894,215	42,680	19,160	23,520
Physical and life sciences and technologies	614,280	315,665	298,615	8,695	4,065	4,630
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	249,955	105,560	144,400	3,390	1,410	1,975
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	125,600	61,685	63,915	2,515	1,095	1,420
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciencesCensus data footnote 155	28,155	12,625	15,530	195	65	135
40. Physical sciences	179,305	122,815	56,485	2,330	1,410	920
41. Science technologies/technicians	31,270	12,980	18,290	270	90	180
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	651,480	420,370	231,110	13,370	8,885	4,485
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	514,685	356,435	158,250	10,395	7,245	3,150
25. Library science	40,820	6,495	34,320	205	35	170
27. Mathematics and statistics	86,655	50,930	35,725	2,495	1,405	1,090
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciencesCensus data footnote 156	9,325	6,510	2,815	275	200	75
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	3,327,405	3,022,700	304,700	27,285	23,175	4,110
04. Architecture and related services	114,315	72,880	41,435	1,415	935	480
14. Engineering	752,465	615,880	136,585	15,590	12,560	3,030
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	620,065	551,855	68,205	4,510	4,070	440
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	410	85	325	10	0	0
46. Construction trades	702,155	682,710	19,445	1,755	1,715	40
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	731,135	709,430	21,705	2,830	2,775	55
48. Precision production	406,855	389,850	17,005	1,175	1,115	55
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	339,050	219,040	120,010	1,430	790	640
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	205,930	127,925	78,005	855	490	360
03. Natural resources and conservation	133,120	91,115	42,005	575	300	280
Health and related fields	2,266,720	441,180	1,825,545	15,470	4,260	11,215
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	164,295	81,260	83,040	1,355	735	620
51. Health professions and related programs	2,047,680	329,010	1,718,670	13,535	3,225	10,310
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	54,740	30,910	23,830	585	300	285
Personal, protective and transportation services	995,825	507,200	488,630	4,325	2,050	2,275
12. Personal and culinary services	565,555	151,530	414,025	2,960	955	2,005
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	3,505	3,080	420	10	10	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	7,900	7,230	670	45	45	0
43. Security and protective services	206,745	150,540	56,205	785	620	160
49. Transportation and materials moving	212,125	194,810	17,315	530	415	115
Other	3,170	885	2,280	20	0	20
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	3,170	890	2,280	25	0	25
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 151	18,931,385	9,268,555	9,662,825	180,935	85,685	95,250
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeCensus data footnote 152	6,664,380	3,447,130	3,217,250	58,295	27,005	31,290
Education	727,515	160,315	567,205	5,130	995	4,140
13. Education	727,515	160,315	567,200	5,130	990	4,140
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	467,905	208,365	259,545	4,310	1,820	2,485
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	74,530	53,995	20,535	500	360	135
50. Visual and performing arts	393,375	154,370	239,005	3,810	1,465	2,350
Humanities	614,815	232,425	382,390	6,620	1,980	4,645
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	76,540	16,200	60,340	1,045	190	850
23. English language and literature/letters	133,800	38,310	95,485	1,670	350	1,315
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	191,005	71,770	119,235	2,345	645	1,700
30A Interdisciplinary humanitiesCensus data footnote 153	3,140	1,250	1,895	15	10	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	37,870	21,930	15,940	275	140	135
39. Theology and religious vocations	52,295	31,200	21,090	505	335	165
54. History	82,565	43,475	39,085	590	275	310
55. French language and literature/letters	37,600	8,285	29,315	185	20	160
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,417,625	453,100	964,525	14,595	5,245	9,350
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20,300	4,595	15,705	130	15	115
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	152,080	56,125	95,955	1,175	460	710
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	259,845	19,160	240,685	1,770	175	1,595
22. Legal professions and studies	241,170	76,720	164,445	2,050	760	1,295
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciencesCensus data footnote 154	27,310	6,390	20,920	195	40	155
42. Psychology	218,470	51,570	166,900	1,880	410	1,465
45. Social sciences	498,450	238,540	259,915	7,395	3,385	4,010
Business, management and public administration	2,696,770	1,000,895	1,695,875	36,400	15,140	21,260
30.16 Accounting and computer science	4,955	1,480	3,475	90	40	55
44. Public administration and social service professions	192,190	36,890	155,305	1,110	210	900
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,499,625	962,530	1,537,095	35,200	14,890	20,310
Physical and life sciences and technologies	449,870	222,120	227,755	6,390	2,860	3,530
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	195,830	79,945	115,880	2,440	960	1,480
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	89,205	42,265	46,945	1,910	805	1,110
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciencesCensus data footnote 155	9,280	3,850	5,430	155	50	100
40. Physical sciences	132,935	87,025	45,905	1,675	985	685
41. Science technologies/technicians	22,625	9,035	13,590	210	60	160
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	567,415	368,840	198,575	12,235	8,125	4,105
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	464,000	321,805	142,190	9,745	6,785	2,965
25. Library science	29,955	4,870	25,080	160	35	130
27. Mathematics and statistics	65,620	36,895	28,725	2,095	1,150	945
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciencesCensus data footnote 156	7,840	5,270	2,575	235	155	75
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	2,532,555	2,271,735	260,820	20,950	17,370	3,580
04. Architecture and related services	93,135	57,280	35,850	1,060	660	400
14. Engineering	612,265	490,980	121,285	12,715	10,005	2,715
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	475,045	418,595	56,450	3,180	2,835	350
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	350	70	275	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	515,630	499,670	15,960	1,195	1,165	30
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	540,800	523,425	17,375	2,025	1,985	40
48. Precision production	295,335	281,715	13,620	775	720	50
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	269,445	167,680	101,770	1,105	570	530
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	159,975	94,680	65,295	640	335	300
03. Natural resources and conservation	109,470	73,000	36,470	465	235	225
Health and related fields	1,749,545	342,395	1,407,145	11,675	3,140	8,535
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	129,560	63,315	66,245	970	510	465
51. Health professions and related programs	1,576,945	256,895	1,320,050	10,275	2,420	7,850
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	43,040	22,185	20,860	430	210	225
Personal, protective and transportation services	770,950	392,820	378,135	3,220	1,440	1,780
12. Personal and culinary services	431,415	114,395	317,025	2,305	705	1,595
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	2,725	2,355	375	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	4,425	3,975	445	25	25	0
43. Security and protective services	162,995	116,750	46,240	525	415	105
49. Transportation and materials moving	169,400	155,340	14,050	365	285	75
Other	2,590	745	1,845	15	0	15
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	2,585	740	1,845	15	0	15
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 157	28,643,015	13,990,435	14,652,585	272,050	131,175	140,880
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,815,975	6,354,625	6,461,350	116,910	54,860	62,050
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeCensus data footnote 158	15,827,040	7,635,805	8,191,235	155,140	76,310	78,825
Location of study inside Canada	13,117,190	6,299,305	6,817,890	99,450	48,960	50,490
Same as province or territory of residence	11,519,215	5,503,640	6,015,575	92,700	45,470	47,225
Different than province or territory of residence	1,597,975	795,655	802,315	6,750	3,495	3,260
Location of study outside CanadaCensus data footnote 159	2,709,850	1,336,505	1,373,345	55,690	27,350	28,340
United StatesCensus data footnote 160	349,540	189,995	159,545	4,555	2,610	1,945
Philippines	298,830	109,820	189,020	3,635	1,180	2,460
India	281,415	142,410	138,995	6,490	3,195	3,300
United KingdomCensus data footnote 161	232,035	131,050	100,980	3,590	2,070	1,525
ChinaCensus data footnote 162	205,375	94,690	110,685	13,830	6,645	7,190
France	88,860	50,400	38,455	220	125	95
Other	1,253,790	618,135	635,655	23,365	11,530	11,830
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 157	18,931,380	9,268,555	9,662,830	180,930	85,685	95,250
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,664,380	3,447,125	3,217,250	58,295	27,005	31,290
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeCensus data footnote 158	12,267,005	5,821,430	6,445,575	122,640	58,680	63,960
Location of study inside Canada	10,134,590	4,807,045	5,327,545	79,335	38,495	40,835
Same as province or territory of residence	8,918,160	4,207,495	4,710,665	74,070	35,780	38,290
Different than province or territory of residence	1,216,425	599,545	616,875	5,265	2,710	2,550
Location of study outside CanadaCensus data footnote 159	2,132,415	1,014,385	1,118,030	43,305	20,190	23,120
United StatesCensus data footnote 160	254,245	131,955	122,290	3,655	2,010	1,645
Philippines	263,095	96,025	167,065	2,800	830	1,970
India	239,535	117,445	122,090	5,175	2,430	2,750
United KingdomCensus data footnote 161	133,655	73,575	60,085	2,235	1,245	990
ChinaCensus data footnote 162	175,825	79,635	96,190	11,750	5,520	6,230
France	72,920	40,610	32,310	175	95	80
Other	993,135	475,145	517,990	17,510	8,055	9,455
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 163	28,643,020	13,990,430	14,652,585	272,050	131,175	140,875
In the labour force	18,672,475	9,731,830	8,940,645	172,130	89,745	82,385
Employed	17,230,040	8,923,540	8,306,490	159,640	83,580	76,060
Unemployed	1,442,435	808,285	634,150	12,495	6,165	6,330
Not in the labour force	9,970,545	4,258,605	5,711,945	99,920	41,430	58,490
Participation rate	65.2	69.6	61.0	63.3	68.4	58.5
Employment rate	60.2	63.8	56.7	58.7	63.7	54.0
Unemployment rate	7.7	8.3	7.1	7.3	6.9	7.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 164	28,643,020	13,990,430	14,652,580	272,050	131,170	140,880
Did not workCensus data footnote 165	9,282,005	3,930,570	5,351,440	95,585	39,590	56,005
Worked	19,361,010	10,059,865	9,301,150	176,465	91,585	84,875
Worked full year, full timeCensus data footnote 166	9,626,010	5,402,110	4,223,895	89,930	50,180	39,750
Worked part year and/or part timeCensus data footnote 167	9,735,005	4,657,755	5,077,245	86,530	41,405	45,125
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.4	42.9	42.0	42.4	43.1	41.6
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 168	18,672,470	9,731,825	8,940,640	172,135	89,745	82,390
Class of worker - not applicableCensus data footnote 169	404,350	197,705	206,640	4,850	2,205	2,645
All classes of workersCensus data footnote 170	18,268,125	9,534,120	8,734,000	167,285	87,535	79,750
Employee	16,073,685	8,158,745	7,914,940	143,110	71,835	71,270
Self-employedCensus data footnote 171	2,194,440	1,375,380	819,060	24,180	15,705	8,475
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 172	18,672,470	9,731,830	8,940,645	172,135	89,745	82,385
Occupation - not applicableCensus data footnote 169	404,350	197,710	206,640	4,850	2,205	2,640
All occupationsCensus data footnote 170	18,268,120	9,534,120	8,734,005	167,290	87,540	79,750
0 Management occupations	2,013,370	1,251,165	762,205	21,920	13,885	8,030
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,874,305	862,870	2,011,440	33,775	11,945	21,835
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,273,660	990,560	283,105	19,980	15,270	4,700
3 Health occupations	1,245,885	244,730	1,001,155	9,030	2,475	6,555
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,138,445	672,945	1,465,495	16,190	4,910	11,280
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	557,275	255,705	301,570	5,215	2,610	2,610
6 Sales and service occupations	4,265,895	1,843,510	2,422,390	40,005	19,820	20,190
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	2,668,875	2,504,290	164,585	12,595	11,665	930
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	416,135	331,920	84,215	915	760	155
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	814,285	576,435	237,845	7,660	4,195	3,470
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 173	18,672,475	9,731,830	8,940,640	172,135	89,745	82,390
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicableCensus data footnote 169	404,350	197,710	206,640	4,850	2,205	2,640
All industry categoriesCensus data footnote 170	18,268,125	9,534,120	8,734,000	167,285	87,535	79,745
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	444,680	310,000	134,675	295	165	125
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	271,300	219,880	51,420	210	145	65
22 Utilities	136,350	100,135	36,210	910	615	300
23 Construction	1,365,010	1,196,550	168,455	7,135	6,040	1,095
31-33 Manufacturing	1,596,570	1,149,745	446,820	15,160	9,450	5,715
41 Wholesale trade	665,685	451,230	214,455	9,675	6,085	3,590
44-45 Retail trade	2,110,200	984,090	1,126,115	18,830	9,595	9,235
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	876,050	656,375	219,670	5,635	4,120	1,515
51 Information and cultural industries	420,350	243,650	176,705	5,495	3,220	2,275
52 Finance and insurance	790,580	327,865	462,715	17,555	8,510	9,050
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	333,305	184,350	148,955	5,460	3,015	2,450
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,335,125	740,520	594,605	20,615	12,055	8,565
55 Management of companies and enterprises	28,795	12,795	16,000	430	180	245
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	802,420	462,825	339,590	7,040	3,915	3,125
61 Educational services	1,346,585	420,845	925,735	11,650	3,735	7,915
62 Health care and social assistance	2,138,025	383,755	1,754,270	14,060	3,185	10,880
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	379,740	192,875	186,865	2,530	1,450	1,080
72 Accommodation and food services	1,283,725	535,210	748,515	12,035	6,345	5,695
81 Other services (except public administration)	814,695	371,880	442,815	6,930	2,915	4,015
91 Public administration	1,128,945	589,530	539,405	5,610	2,805	2,815
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 174	17,230,035	8,923,540	8,306,495	159,635	83,575	76,060
Worked at home	1,272,285	639,500	632,785	13,310	6,845	6,465
Worked outside Canada	78,815	54,235	24,580	1,760	1,230	535
No fixed workplace address	1,987,260	1,487,445	499,820	16,670	11,660	5,010
Worked at usual place	13,891,675	6,742,360	7,149,315	127,895	63,845	64,050
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	13,891,680	6,742,365	7,149,315	127,895	63,845	64,050
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	8,102,115	3,723,115	4,379,005	40,260	18,625	21,635
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,906,390	1,435,640	1,470,750	18,160	9,420	8,740
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,725,205	1,492,170	1,233,030	69,170	35,630	33,535
Commute to a different province or territory	157,970	91,445	66,525	305	170	135
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 175	15,878,940	8,229,810	7,649,135	144,565	75,505	69,065
Car, truck, van - as a driver	11,748,095	6,380,120	5,367,975	105,735	59,670	46,065
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	868,920	349,855	519,065	10,665	3,230	7,435
Public transit	1,968,215	846,735	1,121,485	23,520	10,545	12,980
Walked	877,985	392,950	485,030	3,060	1,220	1,835
Bicycle	222,130	146,615	75,515	465	315	145
Other method	193,595	113,525	80,060	1,125	525	600
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 176	15,878,945	8,229,810	7,649,130	144,565	75,505	69,060
Less than 15 minutes	4,449,920	2,071,365	2,378,555	18,125	8,130	9,995
15 to 29 minutes	5,314,295	2,725,165	2,589,130	41,675	20,540	21,130
30 to 44 minutes	3,228,845	1,782,680	1,446,165	37,695	20,835	16,855
45 to 59 minutes	1,391,060	768,115	622,940	17,775	10,080	7,695
60 minutes and over	1,494,830	882,485	612,345	29,295	15,920	13,380
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 177	15,878,940	8,229,810	7,649,135	144,565	75,505	69,060
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,073,680	781,230	292,455	5,155	3,595	1,560
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	2,814,750	1,754,045	1,060,710	18,365	10,565	7,800
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	4,458,835	2,217,210	2,241,620	37,930	18,995	18,930
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	3,349,975	1,408,710	1,941,265	36,450	18,215	18,230
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,756,265	752,940	1,003,325	29,660	15,210	14,450
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,425,435	1,315,670	1,109,765	17,010	8,920	8,090
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 178	19,956,255	10,342,970	9,613,285	183,015	94,770	88,250
Single responses	19,365,980	10,042,855	9,323,130	175,420	91,235	84,185
Official languages	19,090,545	9,897,470	9,193,075	157,265	81,690	75,575
English	15,265,335	7,952,010	7,313,320	156,870	81,595	75,270
French	3,825,215	1,945,465	1,879,750	405	95	305
Non-official languages	275,430	145,380	130,055	18,155	9,545	8,605
Aboriginal languages	24,950	12,385	12,565	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	14,440	7,370	7,070	0	0	0
Blackfoot	80	45	35	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	11,540	5,820	5,720	0	0	0
Atikamekw	1,095	580	515	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	2,055	970	1,085	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	370	180	190	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	40	25	10	0	0	0
Plains Cree	95	60	35	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	15	10	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	75	35	40	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	7,795	3,965	3,835	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	925	510	420	0	0	0
Malecite	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	915	505	410	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	1,895	995	900	0	0	0
Algonquin	45	20	25	0	0	0
Ojibway	765	380	385	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	1,080	595	485	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	1,140	530	610	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	1,135	525	610	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	20	0	15	0	0	0
Chilcotin	20	0	10	0	0	0
Dene	770	360	405	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	165	80	80	0	0	0
Gwich'in	10	10	10	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	135	65	70	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	95	45	45	0	0	0
South Slavey	35	20	20	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	10	10	10	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	10	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	10	0	10	0	0	0
Inuit languages	8,845	4,255	4,595	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	35	10	25	0	0	0
Inuktitut	8,800	4,240	4,555	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	35	10	30	0	0	0
Cayuga	10	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	35	10	25	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	10	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	110	25	85	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	15	10	10	0	0	0
Lillooet	15	10	10	0	0	0
Okanagan	20	10	20	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	35	0	30	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	15	0	15	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	260	155	105	0	0	0
Dakota	20	10	10	0	0	0
Stoney	240	145	95	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	10	10	10	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	25	0	20	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	10	10	10	0	0	0
Nisga'a	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	35	15	20	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	10	10	10	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	30	15	15	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	250,485	132,990	117,490	18,155	9,545	8,610
Afro-Asiatic languages	7,380	4,530	2,850	30	10	25
Berber languages	35	10	30	0	0	0
Kabyle	20	0	20	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	15	10	15	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	275	105	170	0	0	0
Bilen	10	10	10	0	0	0
Oromo	45	25	20	0	0	0
Somali	220	80	145	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	7,065	4,420	2,650	30	10	25
Amharic	200	95	100	0	0	0
Arabic	5,585	3,695	1,890	15	10	10
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	205	155	55	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	30	20	15	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	825	335	490	10	0	10
Maltese	25	15	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	135	70	60	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	65	35	30	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	8,550	3,790	4,760	25	10	15
Khmer (Cambodian)	475	230	245	0	0	0
Vietnamese	8,070	3,560	4,510	25	10	15
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	3,850	1,750	2,095	25	15	10
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	75	20	55	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	25	0	15	0	0	0
Ilocano	110	50	60	10	10	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	140	75	65	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	3,450	1,580	1,875	20	10	15
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	40	25	15	0	0	0
Creole languages	350	125	225	0	10	0
Haitian Creole	25	10	15	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	315	110	200	10	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	2,225	1,060	1,165	290	135	155
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	90	50	45	0	0	0
Tamil	2,090	1,005	1,080	290	130	160
Telugu	45	10	35	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	85,550	47,305	38,245	590	315	275
Albanian	350	220	125	0	0	0
Armenian	450	220	230	0	0	10
Balto-Slavic languages	10,075	4,745	5,330	70	40	35
Baltic languages	95	35	60	0	0	0
Latvian	40	10	25	0	0	0
Lithuanian	60	25	30	0	0	0
Slavic languages	9,980	4,710	5,270	75	35	35
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	155	90	65	0	0	0
Bulgarian	205	110	90	0	0	0
Croatian	220	130	95	0	0	0
Czech	70	40	30	0	0	0
Macedonian	95	45	55	10	0	10
Polish	2,500	1,265	1,235	0	0	0
Russian	4,850	2,135	2,720	70	40	30
Serbian	530	320	210	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	30	25	0	0	0	0
Slovak	100	60	40	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	0	10	0	0	0
Ukrainian	1,210	485	725	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	25	20	10	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	15	15	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	0	0	0
Germanic languages	13,285	7,455	5,835	25	0	20
Afrikaans	85	40	40	0	0	0
Danish	90	50	35	10	0	10
Dutch	1,165	630	540	10	0	0
Frisian	40	25	15	0	0	0
German	10,065	5,715	4,345	10	0	15
Icelandic	0	10	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	65	30	40	0	0	0
Swedish	125	55	70	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	35	20	15	0	0	0
Yiddish	895	390	505	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	720	495	225	0	0	0
Greek	1,020	545	475	10	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages	37,330	21,140	16,190	425	235	190
Indo-Aryan languages	32,485	18,125	14,360	210	95	115
Bengali	530	275	245	0	0	0
Gujarati	880	300	585	50	20	35
Hindi	1,405	755	650	20	10	10
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	10	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	30	15	15	10	0	10
Nepali	195	95	100	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	27,870	15,945	11,920	90	45	45
Sindhi	35	10	30	10	10	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40	25	20	0	0	0
Urdu	1,495	705	790	25	10	15
Iranian languages	4,820	3,000	1,815	210	135	75
Kurdish	185	150	40	0	0	0
Pashto	50	20	25	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	4,580	2,830	1,750	210	135	75
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0	0	10
Italic (Romance) languages	23,025	12,965	10,060	55	35	15
Catalan	30	10	20	0	0	0
Italian	1,705	895	805	0	10	0
Portuguese	7,490	4,795	2,695	0	0	0
Romanian	745	365	380	0	0	0
Spanish	13,030	6,885	6,145	40	25	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0	0	0
Japanese	3,255	1,195	2,065	15	10	10
Kartvelian languages	30	10	20	0	0	0
Georgian	30	10	20	0	0	0
Korean	12,150	6,260	5,885	255	120	135
Mongolic languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	235	120	115	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	25	10	20	0	0	0
Bamanankan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	20	10	10	0	0	0
Igbo	10	10	0	0	0	0
Lingala	10	0	10	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25	0	15	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	80	50	30	0	0	0
Wolof	10	0	10	0	0	0
Yoruba	15	0	15	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30	20	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	1,920	740	1,180	0	10	0
American Sign Language	1,145	340	810	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	135	15	115	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	640	390	255	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	122,880	65,030	57,850	16,895	8,925	7,970
Chinese languages	122,610	64,880	57,730	16,900	8,930	7,970
Cantonese	58,815	30,485	28,340	9,545	4,955	4,590
Hakka	70	25	45	15	0	15
Mandarin	60,090	32,430	27,665	7,060	3,825	3,235
Min Dong	25	15	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	565	335	225	75	45	25
Wu (Shanghainese)	105	65	45	10	0	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	2,930	1,530	1,405	190	85	105
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	270	155	115	0	0	0
Burmese	75	35	35	0	0	0
Karenic languages	135	75	55	0	0	0
Tibetan	50	30	20	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	675	270	405	0	0	0
Lao	150	70	80	0	0	0
Thai	525	205	325	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	750	475	275	10	0	10
Azerbaijani	30	20	0	0	0	0
Turkish	685	435	255	10	0	10
Uyghur	15	15	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	15	10	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	595	270	325	0	0	0
Estonian	50	15	40	0	0	0
Finnish	105	40	65	0	0	0
Hungarian	435	225	215	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	80	45	35	0	0	0
Multiple responses	590,270	300,115	290,155	7,600	3,530	4,065
English and French	412,680	211,095	201,585	700	280	415
English and non-official language	154,285	77,870	76,420	6,840	3,225	3,615
French and non-official language	7,830	3,595	4,235	10	10	10
English, French and non-official language	15,475	7,565	7,915	50	20	30
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 179	19,956,250	10,342,970	9,613,290	183,015	94,770	88,250
None	17,456,725	9,056,235	8,400,490	158,210	82,610	75,600
English	1,259,225	661,460	597,765	6,560	3,260	3,300
French	705,780	349,035	356,745	1,300	550	750
Non-official language	496,565	257,455	239,105	16,470	8,140	8,330
Aboriginal	37,615	17,215	20,400	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	458,945	240,245	218,710	16,470	8,140	8,325
English and French	2,535	1,200	1,335	0	0	0
English and non-official language	18,040	8,765	9,280	405	175	230
French and non-official language	17,265	8,730	8,540	70	25	45
English, French and non-official language	115	90	30	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 180	34,091,785	16,783,745	17,308,035	324,405	158,190	166,210
Non-movers	29,644,795	14,593,190	15,051,605	290,195	141,600	148,600
Movers	4,446,990	2,190,555	2,256,435	34,205	16,590	17,615
Non-migrants	2,623,515	1,292,750	1,330,760	19,415	9,365	10,050
Migrants	1,823,475	897,805	925,670	14,790	7,225	7,565
Internal migrants	1,451,005	713,060	737,945	9,140	4,495	4,650
Intraprovincial migrants	1,189,525	580,895	608,630	8,290	4,100	4,190
Interprovincial migrants	261,475	132,160	129,315	860	400	460
External migrants	372,475	184,745	187,730	5,645	2,730	2,915
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 181	32,568,560	16,004,315	16,564,245	310,325	150,890	159,435
Non-movers	20,134,760	9,902,645	10,232,115	200,440	97,975	102,465
Movers	12,433,805	6,101,675	6,332,130	109,885	52,915	56,965
Non-migrants	6,755,630	3,314,730	3,440,905	57,580	27,840	29,740
Migrants	5,678,175	2,786,945	2,891,230	52,305	25,075	27,230
Internal migrants	4,296,720	2,104,325	2,192,395	31,370	15,370	16,000
Intraprovincial migrants	3,467,670	1,689,950	1,777,720	29,130	14,330	14,800
Interprovincial migrants	829,045	414,375	414,670	2,235	1,040	1,195
External migrants	1,381,460	682,625	698,835	20,940	9,710	11,230