Census Profile, 2016 Census
Canada [Country] and Markham, City [Census subdivision], Ontario

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic Canada

[Country]
Markham, CY
Ontario
[Census subdivision]
Data quality , Canada [Country]  Map : Canada [Country]
Change geography 1
Data quality : Markham, City [Census subdivision], Ontario  Map : geography 2
Change geography 2
Total Male Female Total Male Female
Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016Census data footnote 1 35,151,728 ... ... 328,966 ... ...
Population, 2011Census data footnote 1 33,476,688 ... ... 301,709 ... ...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016 5.0 ... ... 9.0 ... ...
Total private dwellingsCensus data footnote 2 15,412,443 ... ... 106,131 ... ...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residentsCensus data footnote 3 14,072,079 ... ... 102,676 ... ...
Population density per square kilometre 3.9 ... ... 1,549.2 ... ...
Land area in square kilometres 8,965,588.85 ... ... 212.35 ... ...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% dataCensus data footnote 4 35,151,730 17,264,200 17,887,530 328,965 160,185 168,780
0 to 14 years 5,839,565 2,992,920 2,846,645 55,390 28,570 26,815
0 to 4 years 1,898,790 973,030 925,760 17,085 8,715 8,370
5 to 9 years 2,018,130 1,034,685 983,445 19,085 9,905 9,180
10 to 14 years 1,922,645 985,200 937,445 19,220 9,950 9,270
15 to 64 years 23,376,530 11,576,130 11,800,400 223,655 108,230 115,420
15 to 19 years 2,026,160 1,039,215 986,940 21,095 10,910 10,185
20 to 24 years 2,242,690 1,144,495 1,098,200 21,455 11,225 10,230
25 to 29 years 2,285,990 1,144,470 1,141,515 21,170 10,705 10,460
30 to 34 years 2,329,395 1,148,290 1,181,110 20,385 9,840 10,550
35 to 39 years 2,288,365 1,118,635 1,169,730 20,345 9,305 11,035
40 to 44 years 2,255,135 1,104,440 1,150,695 23,535 10,785 12,745
45 to 49 years 2,359,965 1,157,760 1,202,210 24,860 11,650 13,210
50 to 54 years 2,678,075 1,318,755 1,359,320 25,980 12,400 13,580
55 to 59 years 2,620,240 1,285,190 1,335,055 23,510 11,235 12,270
60 to 64 years 2,290,510 1,114,885 1,175,630 21,325 10,175 11,150
65 years and over 5,935,630 2,695,150 3,240,485 49,920 23,380 26,540
65 to 69 years 1,972,480 953,075 1,019,405 18,215 8,835 9,380
70 to 74 years 1,420,875 677,975 742,900 11,865 5,710 6,150
75 to 79 years 1,021,850 469,550 552,300 8,645 4,130 4,510
80 to 84 years 749,650 325,765 423,880 5,885 2,685 3,195
85 years and over 770,780 268,790 501,990 5,320 2,020 3,300
85 to 89 years 482,525 185,535 296,990 3,395 1,370 2,025
90 to 94 years 223,510 68,675 154,835 1,475 505 965
95 to 99 years 56,525 13,240 43,280 390 120 270
100 years and over 8,230 1,340 6,890 60 15 40
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 14 years 16.6 17.3 15.9 16.8 17.8 15.9
15 to 64 years 66.5 67.1 66.0 68.0 67.6 68.4
65 years and over 16.9 15.6 18.1 15.2 14.6 15.7
85 years and over 2.2 1.6 2.8 1.6 1.3 2.0
Average age of the population 41.0 40.1 41.9 40.2 39.3 41.1
Median age of the population 41.2 40.2 42.2 41.1 39.8 42.1
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% dataCensus data footnote 5 14,072,080 ... ... 102,675 ... ...
Single-detached house 7,541,495 ... ... 60,890 ... ...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys 1,391,040 ... ... 13,755 ... ...
Other attached dwellingCensus data footnote 6 4,949,795 ... ... 28,025 ... ...
Semi-detached house 698,800 ... ... 6,515 ... ...
Row house 891,305 ... ... 13,970 ... ...
Apartment or flat in a duplex 784,300 ... ... 5,875 ... ...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys 2,539,390 ... ... 1,655 ... ...
Other single-attached house 36,005 ... ... 10 ... ...
Movable dwellingCensus data footnote 7 189,755 ... ... 5 ... ...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% dataCensus data footnote 8 14,072,080 ... ... 102,675 ... ...
1 person 3,969,790 ... ... 13,790 ... ...
2 persons 4,834,605 ... ... 25,955 ... ...
3 persons 2,140,640 ... ... 21,540 ... ...
4 persons 1,946,275 ... ... 23,450 ... ...
5 or more persons 1,180,770 ... ... 17,940 ... ...
Number of persons in private households 34,460,060 ... ... 327,400 ... ...
Average household size 2.4 ... ... 3.2 ... ...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% dataCensus data footnote 9 29,312,160 14,271,280 15,040,885 273,575 131,615 141,965
Married or living common law 16,893,720 8,452,135 8,441,585 170,415 84,750 85,665
Married 13,383,455 6,693,465 6,689,990 162,185 80,645 81,535
Living common law 3,510,265 1,758,670 1,751,590 8,230 4,105 4,125
Not married and not living common law 12,418,440 5,819,140 6,599,300 103,160 46,865 56,295
Never married 8,254,340 4,444,425 3,809,915 73,855 38,935 34,915
Separated 718,295 309,905 408,400 4,790 1,760 3,025
Divorced 1,816,005 725,535 1,090,470 12,235 4,055 8,185
Widowed 1,629,800 339,280 1,290,525 12,280 2,115 10,165
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% dataCensus data footnote 10 9,840,730 ... ... 95,480 ... ...
2 persons 5,007,790 ... ... 35,780 ... ...
3 persons 2,107,830 ... ... 25,420 ... ...
4 persons 1,909,935 ... ... 26,175 ... ...
5 or more persons 815,170 ... ... 8,095 ... ...
Average size of census families 2.9 ... ... 3.1 ... ...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 11 9,840,730 ... ... 95,480 ... ...
Total couple families 8,227,925 ... ... 82,340 ... ...
Married couples 6,474,005 ... ... 78,225 ... ...
Common-law couples 1,753,920 ... ... 4,115 ... ...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent 1,612,805 ... ... 13,145 ... ...
Female parent 1,262,340 ... ... 10,700 ... ...
Male parent 350,465 ... ... 2,445 ... ...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data 8,227,925 ... ... 82,335 ... ...
Couples without children 4,024,305 ... ... 27,935 ... ...
Couples with children 4,203,615 ... ... 54,400 ... ...
1 child 1,650,165 ... ... 21,305 ... ...
2 children 1,783,080 ... ... 25,220 ... ...
3 or more children 770,375 ... ... 7,880 ... ...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data 1,612,805 ... ... 13,140 ... ...
1 child 983,485 ... ... 7,845 ... ...
2 children 457,670 ... ... 4,115 ... ...
3 or more children 171,655 ... ... 1,180 ... ...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data 6,107,260 2,941,395 3,165,865 32,640 13,180 19,460
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% dataCensus data footnote 12 14,072,075 ... ... 102,675 ... ...
One-census-family households 9,218,225 ... ... 78,515 ... ...
Without children in a census familyCensus data footnote 13 3,782,095 ... ... 20,915 ... ...
With children in a census familyCensus data footnote 14 5,436,135 ... ... 57,600 ... ...
Multiple-census-family households 301,715 ... ... 8,165 ... ...
Non-census-family households 4,552,135 ... ... 16,000 ... ...
One-person households 3,969,790 ... ... 13,790 ... ...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households 582,350 ... ... 2,210 ... ...
Knowledge of official languagesThe letter C inside a yellow triangle - correctionUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% dataCensus data footnote 15 34,767,255 17,101,170 17,666,080 327,785 159,850 167,930
English only 23,757,525 11,838,075 11,919,455 275,720 137,435 138,280
French only 4,144,685 1,925,845 2,218,840 125 50 70
English and French 6,216,065 3,071,325 3,144,740 19,155 8,335 10,820
Neither English nor French 648,970 265,920 383,045 32,795 14,035 18,760
First official language spokenThe letter C inside a yellow triangle - correctionUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% dataCensus data footnote 16 34,767,250 17,101,165 17,666,085 327,790 159,850 167,935
English 26,007,500 12,852,330 13,155,165 290,225 143,645 146,580
French 7,705,755 3,780,105 3,925,650 2,180 1,000 1,180
English and French 417,485 209,130 208,355 2,995 1,360 1,635
Neither English nor French 636,515 259,600 376,910 32,385 13,855 18,540
Official language minority (number)Census data footnote 17 7,914,495 3,884,670 4,029,825 3,675 1,675 2,000
Official language minority (percentage)Census data footnote 17 22.8 22.7 22.8 1.1 1.0 1.2
Mother tongueThe letter C inside a yellow triangle - correctionUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% dataCensus data footnote 18 34,767,255 17,101,170 17,666,085 327,785 159,850 167,935
Single responses 33,948,620 16,702,840 17,245,775 313,580 152,945 160,630
Official languages 26,627,555 13,201,620 13,425,940 116,085 58,910 57,170
English 19,460,850 9,680,125 9,780,725 114,200 58,060 56,140
French 7,166,705 3,521,495 3,645,215 1,880 845 1,035
Non-official languages 7,321,065 3,501,220 3,819,840 197,500 94,035 103,460
Aboriginal languages 195,700 94,795 100,900 5 0 5
Algonquian languages 130,450 62,930 67,520 0 0 0
Blackfoot 2,815 1,325 1,490 0 0 0
Cree-Montagnais languages 88,445 42,920 45,530 0 0 0
Atikamekw 6,150 3,135 3,015 0 0 0
Montagnais (Innu) 10,230 4,885 5,350 0 0 0
Moose Cree 100 50 55 0 0 0
Naskapi 1,205 590 620 0 0 0
Northern East Cree 315 125 190 0 0 0
Plains Cree 3,065 1,360 1,710 0 0 0
Southern East Cree 45 20 25 0 0 0
Swampy Cree 1,440 585 850 0 0 0
Woods Cree 1,840 865 975 0 0 0
Cree, n.o.s. 64,050 31,305 32,745 0 0 0
Eastern Algonquian languages 6,990 3,310 3,680 0 0 0
Malecite 305 140 160 0 0 0
Mi'kmaq 6,690 3,170 3,520 0 0 0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 32,150 15,350 16,800 0 0 0
Algonquin 1,260 590 670 0 0 0
Ojibway 17,890 8,440 9,450 0 0 0
Oji-Cree 12,855 6,260 6,595 0 0 0
Ottawa (Odawa) 150 65 85 0 0 0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 45 25 20 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages 17,365 8,325 9,045 5 5 0
Northern Athabaskan languages 17,315 8,310 9,010 5 0 5
Babine (Wetsuwet'en) 110 55 60 0 0 0
Beaver 190 85 105 0 0 0
Carrier 1,025 465 565 0 0 0
Chilcotin 660 295 360 0 0 0
Dene 10,700 5,185 5,515 0 0 0
Dogrib (Tlicho) 1,645 840 815 0 0 0
Gwich'in 260 110 145 0 0 0
Sarsi (Sarcee) 80 25 50 5 0 0
Sekani 90 45 45 0 0 0
Slavey-Hare languages 1,995 950 1,045 0 0 0
North Slavey (Hare) 765 365 400 0 0 0
South Slavey 945 455 495 0 0 0
Slavey, n.o.s. 280 130 150 0 0 0
Tahltan languages 270 135 140 0 0 0
Kaska (Nahani) 180 90 90 0 0 0
Tahltan 95 40 50 0 0 0
Tutchone languages 290 120 170 0 0 0
Northern Tutchone 215 90 135 0 0 0
Southern Tutchone 70 30 40 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 50 20 35 0 0 0
Haida 75 35 40 0 0 0
Inuit languages 36,545 18,100 18,445 0 0 0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 1,025 445 575 0 0 0
Inuktitut 35,215 17,530 17,680 0 0 0
Inuit languages, n.i.e. 315 125 185 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages 1,115 485 635 0 0 0
Cayuga 45 20 20 0 0 0
Mohawk 980 430 555 0 0 0
Oneida 55 20 40 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 35 15 20 0 0 0
Kutenai 105 55 55 0 0 0
Michif 465 230 235 0 0 0
Salish languages 2,305 1,130 1,180 0 0 0
Comox 80 45 40 0 0 0
Halkomelem 475 225 245 0 0 0
Lillooet 315 155 155 0 0 0
Okanagan 270 135 135 0 0 0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin) 445 225 220 0 0 0
Squamish 40 20 20 0 0 0
Straits 80 40 40 0 0 0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux) 335 150 185 0 0 0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 255 135 125 0 0 0
Siouan languages 4,285 2,070 2,220 0 0 0
Dakota 1,215 570 635 0 0 0
Stoney 3,025 1,465 1,555 0 0 0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 55 30 25 0 0 0
Tlingit 95 40 55 0 0 0
Tsimshian languages 1,480 730 755 0 0 0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 880 435 445 0 0 0
Nisga'a 400 200 200 0 0 0
Tsimshian 200 90 110 0 0 0
Wakashan languages 805 370 435 0 0 0
Haisla 90 40 50 0 0 0
Heiltsuk 95 40 55 0 0 0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala) 325 145 185 0 0 0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 285 135 140 0 0 0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 10 5 0 0 0 0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s. 585 295 295 0 0 0
Non-Aboriginal languages 7,125,365 3,406,425 3,718,945 197,490 94,035 103,455
Afro-Asiatic languages 575,365 298,060 277,300 3,350 1,645 1,705
Berber languages 22,135 11,865 10,270 5 5 0
Kabyle 13,150 6,995 6,155 0 0 0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 8,985 4,865 4,115 0 0 0
Cushitic languages 42,885 20,095 22,790 140 60 75
Bilen 805 455 350 0 0 0
Oromo 4,960 2,560 2,400 10 5 0
Somali 36,755 16,895 19,865 130 55 75
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 365 195 170 0 0 0
Semitic languages 509,190 265,465 243,725 3,210 1,580 1,625
Amharic 22,465 10,720 11,745 55 25 30
Arabic 419,890 220,785 199,105 2,720 1,345 1,370
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 16,070 7,910 8,160 15 10 5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 5,545 2,780 2,770 5 0 0
Harari 1,320 635 685 40 20 25
Hebrew 19,530 10,480 9,045 305 145 160
Maltese 5,565 2,765 2,800 45 20 25
Tigrigna 16,650 8,310 8,340 20 10 5
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 2,155 1,085 1,070 10 5 5
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e. 1,155 635 520 0 0 0
Austro-Asiatic languages 176,725 81,810 94,920 1,170 525 640
Khmer (Cambodian) 20,130 9,270 10,860 45 20 25
Vietnamese 156,425 72,470 83,955 1,125 510 615
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 170 65 100 0 0 5
Austronesian languages 511,480 211,580 299,900 5,515 2,170 3,345
Bikol 1,790 790 1,000 15 10 5
Cebuano 19,890 7,930 11,960 150 50 100
Fijian 745 400 345 5 0 5
Hiligaynon 6,885 2,680 4,205 70 25 45
Ilocano 26,345 10,620 15,720 215 80 135
Malagasy 1,430 665 760 0 0 0
Malay 12,275 5,255 7,020 335 155 185
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 4,040 1,865 2,175 40 15 25
Pangasinan 1,390 590 800 10 5 5
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 431,380 178,575 252,810 4,640 1,815 2,825
Waray-Waray 1,110 430 675 10 5 5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 4,195 1,770 2,425 20 10 15
Creole languages 72,125 32,310 39,820 215 115 100
Haitian Creole 3,030 1,445 1,590 0 0 0
Creole, n.o.s. 64,105 28,455 35,660 165 80 85
Creole languages, n.i.e. 4,985 2,410 2,575 55 30 20
Dravidian languages 189,405 94,765 94,640 15,620 7,510 8,115
Kannada 3,970 2,040 1,935 85 45 40
Malayalam 28,570 14,770 13,800 575 285 290
Tamil 140,720 69,080 71,640 14,625 7,015 7,610
Telugu 15,655 8,640 7,020 330 160 175
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 490 240 250 10 5 0
Hmong-Mien languages 795 395 405 5 0 0
Indo-European languages 3,877,330 1,889,400 1,987,930 44,775 21,825 22,950
Albanian 26,890 13,610 13,285 100 50 45
Armenian 33,455 16,270 17,185 1,355 675 680
Balto-Slavic languages 701,975 323,640 378,340 5,030 2,340 2,685
Baltic languages 12,530 5,315 7,215 110 50 65
Latvian 5,455 2,350 3,105 60 25 40
Lithuanian 7,075 2,965 4,115 50 20 30
Slavic languages 689,450 318,325 371,115 4,915 2,290 2,620
Belarusan 810 385 430 10 5 5
Bosnian 12,210 6,035 6,180 25 10 15
Bulgarian 20,025 9,675 10,345 155 75 85
Croatian 48,200 23,540 24,665 100 45 55
Czech 22,290 10,525 11,765 80 40 40
Macedonian 16,775 8,050 8,725 1,185 580 605
Polish 181,710 82,435 99,275 605 270 330
Russian 188,255 85,400 102,855 1,995 880 1,115
Serbian 57,350 28,535 28,815 340 185 160
Serbo-Croatian 9,555 4,565 4,985 30 15 15
Slovak 17,580 8,075 9,510 80 35 45
Slovene (Slovenian) 9,790 4,415 5,370 65 35 35
Ukrainian 102,485 45,440 57,040 230 110 120
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 2,415 1,255 1,165 10 5 10
Celtic languages 2,690 1,335 1,360 15 5 5
Scottish Gaelic 1,090 540 550 5 0 0
Welsh 1,075 495 575 10 0 0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 530 295 235 5 0 0
Germanic languages 538,765 258,410 280,350 1,455 695 760
Afrikaans 10,265 5,115 5,145 35 15 20
Danish 12,630 6,245 6,390 50 35 15
Dutch 99,020 48,200 50,820 245 120 125
Frisian 2,100 1,095 1,005 5 0 0
German 384,035 183,215 200,820 930 435 495
Icelandic 1,285 600 685 0 0 0
Norwegian 4,615 2,170 2,445 10 5 5
Swedish 6,840 3,015 3,825 35 20 15
Vlaams (Flemish) 3,895 1,730 2,165 5 0 5
Yiddish 13,555 6,750 6,800 145 65 80
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 525 280 240 0 5 0
Greek 106,525 53,350 53,170 2,455 1,210 1,240
Indo-Iranian languages 1,312,750 664,120 648,630 26,935 13,240 13,695
Indo-Aryan languages 1,064,760 538,530 526,235 19,155 9,370 9,785
Bengali 73,125 37,410 35,720 655 330 325
Gujarati 108,780 55,105 53,670 4,510 2,185 2,325
Hindi 110,640 55,880 54,765 2,415 1,175 1,245
Kashmiri 565 300 265 15 5 10
Konkani 3,330 1,625 1,710 95 35 55
Marathi 8,295 4,300 3,995 230 110 120
Nepali 18,275 9,230 9,045 50 20 25
Oriya (Odia) 1,055 560 495 15 5 10
Punjabi (Panjabi) 501,680 253,515 248,160 3,780 1,860 1,915
Sindhi 11,860 5,605 6,260 655 310 345
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 16,335 8,050 8,285 360 160 200
Urdu 210,815 106,960 103,860 6,380 3,170 3,210
Iranian languages 242,805 122,835 119,970 7,695 3,825 3,870
Kurdish 11,705 6,345 5,355 85 45 40
Pashto 16,910 8,760 8,145 330 160 175
Persian (Farsi) 214,200 107,725 106,470 7,285 3,620 3,660
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 5,180 2,755 2,425 85 45 40
Italic (Romance) languages 1,154,270 558,660 595,615 7,430 3,600 3,830
Catalan 865 440 425 10 0 10
Italian 375,635 184,415 191,220 3,690 1,800 1,885
Portuguese 221,540 106,630 114,910 695 330 365
Romanian 96,665 46,195 50,470 945 470 475
Spanish 458,850 220,605 238,245 2,085 990 1,090
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 720 380 340 10 5 5
Japanese 43,640 14,790 28,855 435 160 270
Kartvelian languages 1,715 910 805 40 25 15
Georgian 1,715 910 805 40 25 15
Korean 153,425 70,310 83,115 3,230 1,520 1,715
Mongolic languages 1,575 690 885 10 5 5
Mongolian 1,575 690 880 10 5 5
Niger-Congo languages 91,375 45,075 46,305 295 135 165
Akan (Twi) 13,455 6,490 6,970 70 25 35
Bamanankan 1,535 815 720 0 0 0
Edo 1,670 770 900 10 10 5
Ewe 1,760 950 805 0 5 0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 2,825 1,495 1,335 0 5 0
Ga 920 445 470 5 5 0
Ganda 1,295 625 665 0 0 0
Igbo 4,235 2,265 1,970 35 15 20
Lingala 3,810 1,785 2,025 5 5 5
Rundi (Kirundi) 5,845 2,785 3,060 5 0 0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 5,250 2,355 2,895 10 0 5
Shona 3,180 1,520 1,665 10 0 10
Swahili 13,370 6,385 6,990 75 35 45
Wolof 3,990 2,170 1,820 0 0 5
Yoruba 9,085 4,785 4,300 30 15 15
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 19,135 9,435 9,695 35 20 20
Nilo-Saharan languages 5,870 3,025 2,845 10 0 5
Dinka 2,120 1,115 1,000 0 0 0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 3,755 1,910 1,840 10 0 0
Sign languages 7,500 3,925 3,575 55 30 25
American Sign Language 2,685 1,320 1,360 5 5 0
Quebec Sign Language 695 340 355 0 0 0
Sign languages, n.i.e 4,120 2,265 1,860 45 25 25
Sino-Tibetan languages 1,269,215 589,570 679,645 121,410 57,720 63,690
Chinese languages 1,253,360 581,650 671,715 121,315 57,670 63,645
Cantonese 565,270 262,865 302,405 72,620 34,645 37,975
Hakka 10,910 4,900 6,015 2,235 1,045 1,190
Mandarin 592,040 274,630 317,410 41,790 19,825 21,970
Min Dong 1,230 580 650 225 100 120
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 31,795 14,450 17,350 2,000 950 1,050
Wu (Shanghainese) 12,915 5,780 7,140 940 410 530
Chinese, n.o.s. 38,580 18,165 20,410 1,480 685 800
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 610 275 335 20 15 10
Tibeto-Burman languages 15,850 7,925 7,935 100 45 50
Burmese 3,585 1,795 1,790 85 40 40
Karenic languages 4,705 2,355 2,350 0 0 0
Tibetan 6,165 3,080 3,080 10 5 5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 1,400 695 705 5 0 5
Tai-Kadai languages 22,010 8,870 13,145 160 60 95
Lao 12,670 6,145 6,525 80 40 40
Thai 9,255 2,690 6,565 70 20 50
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e 80 35 55 5 0 0
Turkic languages 40,140 21,120 19,025 485 260 230
Azerbaijani 3,260 1,785 1,470 95 50 45
Turkish 32,815 17,375 15,440 360 195 170
Uyghur 1,035 510 525 0 0 0
Uzbek 1,715 855 865 5 0 5
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 1,315 590 720 20 10 10
Uralic languages 81,985 37,790 44,195 705 325 380
Estonian 5,445 2,325 3,115 80 35 45
Finnish 15,295 6,395 8,900 105 45 65
Hungarian 61,235 29,060 32,175 515 245 270
Uralic languages, n.i.e. 10 5 5 0 0 0
Other languages, n.i.e. 3,690 2,045 1,645 15 10 5
Multiple responses 818,635 398,325 420,305 14,210 6,910 7,300
English and French 165,320 80,460 84,860 590 260 325
English and non-official language 533,265 259,160 274,100 12,985 6,335 6,650
French and non-official language 86,150 42,170 43,985 245 125 115
English, French and non-official language 33,900 16,535 17,365 395 180 210
Language spoken most often at homeThe letter C inside a yellow triangle - correctionUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% dataCensus data footnote 19 34,767,250 17,101,165 17,666,085 327,785 159,855 167,935
Single responses 33,103,860 16,298,475 16,805,395 291,540 142,190 149,355
Official languages 29,106,670 14,383,020 14,723,645 156,995 78,245 78,745
English 22,162,865 10,966,135 11,196,730 156,215 77,900 78,315
French 6,943,800 3,416,890 3,526,910 785 350 430
Non-official languages 3,997,195 1,915,450 2,081,750 134,545 63,940 70,605
Aboriginal languages 118,470 59,720 58,750 5 0 5
Algonquian languages 75,080 37,825 37,260 0 0 0
Blackfoot 1,115 555 555 0 0 0
Cree-Montagnais languages 55,825 28,135 27,685 0 0 0
Atikamekw 5,465 2,825 2,640 0 0 0
Montagnais (Innu) 8,590 4,195 4,395 0 0 0
Moose Cree 10 5 5 0 0 0
Naskapi 1,200 595 605 0 0 0
Northern East Cree 110 55 60 0 0 0
Plains Cree 1,350 665 685 0 0 0
Southern East Cree 20 5 15 0 0 0
Swampy Cree 330 140 190 0 0 0
Woods Cree 800 410 390 0 0 0
Cree, n.o.s. 37,945 19,240 18,710 0 0 0
Eastern Algonquian languages 3,615 1,795 1,820 0 0 0
Malecite 55 30 30 0 0 0
Mi'kmaq 3,560 1,770 1,795 0 0 0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 14,525 7,335 7,190 0 0 0
Algonquin 370 170 200 0 0 0
Ojibway 6,175 3,165 3,015 0 0 0
Oji-Cree 7,900 3,960 3,940 0 0 0
Ottawa (Odawa) 75 40 35 0 0 0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 5 5 5 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages 10,265 5,125 5,135 5 5 5
Northern Athabaskan languages 10,255 5,120 5,135 0 0 0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en) 15 10 10 0 0 0
Beaver 50 30 20 0 0 0
Carrier 245 115 130 0 0 0
Chilcotin 255 125 130 0 0 0
Dene 7,710 3,805 3,905 0 0 0
Dogrib (Tlicho) 1,020 550 475 0 0 0
Gwich'in 45 25 25 0 0 0
Sarsi (Sarcee) 10 5 5 0 0 0
Sekani 15 10 5 0 0 0
Slavey-Hare languages 820 425 395 0 0 0
North Slavey (Hare) 340 180 155 0 0 0
South Slavey 370 190 185 0 0 0
Slavey, n.o.s. 105 55 55 0 0 0
Tahltan languages 25 15 15 0 0 0
Kaska (Nahani) 25 10 10 0 0 0
Tahltan 0 5 5 0 0 0
Tutchone languages 30 15 15 0 0 0
Northern Tutchone 25 15 10 0 0 0
Southern Tutchone 10 0 5 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 15 5 5 0 0 0
Haida 10 5 0 5 0 0
Inuit languages 29,490 14,995 14,495 0 0 0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 165 75 90 0 0 0
Inuktitut 29,230 14,885 14,345 0 0 0
Inuit languages, n.i.e. 90 40 55 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages 285 135 155 0 0 0
Cayuga 10 0 5 0 0 0
Mohawk 255 115 140 0 0 0
Oneida 15 5 10 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 5 0 5 0 0 0
Kutenai 15 10 5 0 0 0
Michif 85 40 45 0 0 0
Salish languages 285 130 150 0 0 0
Comox 0 0 0 0 0 0
Halkomelem 45 20 25 0 0 0
Lillooet 25 15 10 0 0 0
Okanagan 85 35 45 0 0 0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin) 55 30 20 0 0 0
Squamish 5 0 5 0 0 0
Straits 20 10 15 0 0 0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux) 20 10 10 0 0 0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 25 15 10 0 0 0
Siouan languages 2,225 1,085 1,140 0 0 0
Dakota 255 140 120 0 0 0
Stoney 1,950 940 1,010 0 0 0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 20 10 15 0 0 0
Tlingit 5 0 0 0 0 0
Tsimshian languages 410 210 190 0 0 0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 315 155 155 0 0 0
Nisga'a 70 40 30 0 0 0
Tsimshian 25 15 15 0 0 0
Wakashan languages 75 45 35 0 0 0
Haisla 20 10 15 0 0 0
Heiltsuk 5 5 5 0 0 0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala) 20 10 10 0 0 0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 30 15 15 0 0 0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s. 235 110 125 0 0 0
Non-Aboriginal languages 3,878,725 1,855,730 2,022,995 134,540 63,935 70,605
Afro-Asiatic languages 307,755 153,275 154,480 1,445 670 775
Berber languages 8,105 4,215 3,895 0 0 0
Kabyle 5,490 2,855 2,640 0 0 0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 2,620 1,365 1,260 0 0 0
Cushitic languages 27,095 12,455 14,640 60 25 35
Bilen 620 330 285 0 0 0
Oromo 3,410 1,700 1,710 5 5 0
Somali 22,895 10,340 12,555 55 20 35
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 185 85 95 0 0 0
Semitic languages 272,100 136,390 135,720 1,375 640 730
Amharic 12,780 6,010 6,770 25 10 15
Arabic 223,540 112,690 110,850 1,200 560 640
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 10,510 5,090 5,425 5 0 0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 3,445 1,695 1,750 0 5 5
Harari 735 335 400 15 10 5
Hebrew 8,560 4,425 4,135 110 50 55
Maltese 1,130 525 605 5 0 5
Tigrigna 10,205 5,040 5,170 10 10 5
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 1,200 585 620 5 0 5
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e. 440 215 230 0 0 0
Austro-Asiatic languages 115,210 53,500 61,710 430 210 225
Khmer (Cambodian) 10,880 4,940 5,945 20 10 10
Vietnamese 104,245 48,525 55,725 415 200 215
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 85 40 45 0 0 0
Austronesian languages 239,785 108,110 131,680 2,035 875 1,160
Bikol 290 140 155 5 0 5
Cebuano 7,210 3,325 3,880 50 15 35
Fijian 195 105 90 0 0 0
Hiligaynon 2,205 970 1,240 25 10 15
Ilocano 9,125 4,045 5,080 45 15 30
Malagasy 435 220 210 0 0 0
Malay 3,620 1,710 1,910 100 55 50
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 1,200 565 630 5 5 5
Pangasinan 240 110 135 0 0 0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 213,790 96,235 117,555 1,800 775 1,030
Waray-Waray 310 135 170 0 0 0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 1,160 545 620 0 0 0
Creole languages 27,860 12,005 15,850 125 65 60
Haitian Creole 1,280 575 705 0 0 0
Creole, n.o.s. 24,575 10,510 14,060 95 50 45
Creole languages, n.i.e. 2,005 920 1,085 30 20 10
Dravidian languages 122,490 59,780 62,710 10,225 4,815 5,410
Kannada 1,630 825 800 40 15 25
Malayalam 15,440 7,865 7,575 250 130 125
Tamil 96,955 46,570 50,385 9,780 4,595 5,190
Telugu 8,280 4,430 3,850 150 80 75
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 190 85 105 0 0 0
Hmong-Mien languages 340 160 180 0 0 0
Indo-European languages 1,911,215 927,225 983,985 22,550 10,790 11,765
Albanian 13,135 6,575 6,560 40 20 20
Armenian 21,505 10,165 11,345 760 385 375
Balto-Slavic languages 314,965 149,315 165,650 2,325 1,100 1,225
Baltic languages 3,275 1,400 1,870 30 10 15
Latvian 1,255 530 725 15 5 5
Lithuanian 2,020 870 1,150 10 0 5
Slavic languages 311,690 147,910 163,780 2,295 1,090 1,210
Belarusan 230 105 120 0 0 0
Bosnian 6,045 3,010 3,040 5 5 5
Bulgarian 11,985 5,835 6,150 45 20 25
Croatian 16,775 7,980 8,795 25 15 10
Czech 6,235 3,060 3,180 15 5 10
Macedonian 6,830 3,250 3,580 445 205 235
Polish 74,780 34,910 39,870 225 110 115
Russian 116,595 55,175 61,425 1,310 605 700
Serbian 31,750 15,665 16,085 150 80 65
Serbo-Croatian 3,885 1,865 2,020 10 5 5
Slovak 5,615 2,685 2,920 10 5 5
Slovene (Slovenian) 2,050 905 1,145 10 5 10
Ukrainian 28,250 13,150 15,100 55 30 25
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 670 310 360 0 0 0
Celtic languages 360 205 155 5 0 0
Scottish Gaelic 185 105 80 0 0 0
Welsh 95 50 45 5 0 0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 80 50 30 0 0 0
Germanic languages 146,455 71,835 74,615 135 60 70
Afrikaans 4,790 2,355 2,435 10 5 5
Danish 855 410 445 0 0 0
Dutch 9,565 4,630 4,935 15 10 10
Frisian 185 95 90 0 0 0
German 120,335 58,905 61,435 100 45 50
Icelandic 270 120 150 0 0 0
Norwegian 345 145 200 0 0 0
Swedish 1,045 500 545 10 5 5
Vlaams (Flemish) 355 170 185 0 0 0
Yiddish 7,080 3,695 3,385 0 0 5
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 1,625 820 810 0 0 0
Greek 44,545 21,110 23,440 845 405 440
Indo-Iranian languages 838,755 416,960 421,795 15,580 7,500 8,085
Indo-Aryan languages 676,185 337,440 338,745 10,160 4,860 5,300
Bengali 47,350 23,585 23,765 360 170 190
Gujarati 64,150 31,740 32,405 2,455 1,155 1,300
Hindi 55,510 27,805 27,710 1,110 530 580
Kashmiri 135 70 70 10 0 5
Konkani 720 355 370 15 10 5
Marathi 3,780 1,940 1,840 100 50 55
Nepali 13,375 6,710 6,670 25 10 15
Oriya (Odia) 470 235 240 10 5 5
Punjabi (Panjabi) 349,145 174,905 174,240 2,180 1,030 1,145
Sindhi 4,975 2,280 2,695 240 110 130
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 7,790 3,860 3,925 120 55 65
Urdu 128,785 63,965 64,820 3,540 1,735 1,805
Iranian languages 160,195 78,310 81,880 5,385 2,625 2,765
Kurdish 6,580 3,400 3,175 45 25 25
Pashto 10,590 5,305 5,290 190 80 105
Persian (Farsi) 143,020 69,600 73,425 5,150 2,515 2,635
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 2,375 1,215 1,160 30 15 15
Italic (Romance) languages 531,485 251,050 280,440 2,865 1,315 1,545
Catalan 355 165 190 5 0 5
Italian 115,415 49,975 65,440 1,095 465 625
Portuguese 98,710 46,915 51,795 210 100 110
Romanian 53,320 25,795 27,525 475 235 240
Spanish 263,510 128,110 135,400 1,080 515 565
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 180 85 95 0 0 0
Japanese 19,785 8,265 11,515 215 95 125
Kartvelian languages 1,040 565 475 20 15 10
Georgian 1,035 565 475 20 15 10
Korean 109,705 51,385 58,320 2,255 1,070 1,180
Mongolic languages 910 440 470 5 5 5
Mongolian 910 435 470 5 5 0
Niger-Congo languages 28,665 13,340 15,320 75 30 40
Akan (Twi) 5,990 2,695 3,295 25 10 15
Bamanankan 340 180 160 0 0 0
Edo 415 175 240 0 0 0
Ewe 410 185 225 0 0 0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 825 400 425 0 0 0
Ga 250 105 140 5 0 0
Ganda 345 160 185 0 0 0
Igbo 1,000 485 510 0 5 5
Lingala 1,045 455 590 5 0 0
Rundi (Kirundi) 2,110 990 1,115 0 0 0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 1,530 670 865 5 0 5
Shona 1,035 475 560 5 0 0
Swahili 5,370 2,500 2,870 25 10 15
Wolof 1,380 745 635 0 0 5
Yoruba 2,615 1,275 1,340 0 0 0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 4,010 1,850 2,160 0 5 0
Nilo-Saharan languages 2,650 1,305 1,350 5 0 5
Dinka 1,130 580 550 0 0 0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 1,525 730 800 5 0 5
Sign languages 10,445 5,870 4,570 75 40 40
American Sign Language 3,015 1,560 1,460 10 5 5
Quebec Sign Language 730 375 355 0 0 0
Sign languages, n.i.e 6,690 3,935 2,755 70 35 35
Sino-Tibetan languages 924,720 433,530 491,190 94,600 45,035 49,560
Chinese languages 913,365 427,860 485,505 94,560 45,020 49,540
Cantonese 400,215 184,340 215,885 56,750 26,825 29,935
Hakka 4,080 1,820 2,265 985 460 530
Mandarin 462,890 220,075 242,815 34,390 16,605 17,785
Min Dong 345 150 195 70 30 45
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 13,965 6,345 7,625 780 370 410
Wu (Shanghainese) 7,650 3,580 4,075 590 280 310
Chinese, n.o.s. 23,935 11,440 12,500 975 450 520
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 280 130 150 10 5 5
Tibeto-Burman languages 11,350 5,670 5,680 40 20 25
Burmese 2,245 1,115 1,125 35 15 20
Karenic languages 3,865 1,935 1,930 5 0 0
Tibetan 4,590 2,305 2,280 5 5 5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 655 305 345 5 5 0
Tai-Kadai languages 9,565 4,455 5,110 50 30 25
Lao 6,175 2,995 3,180 30 15 10
Thai 3,360 1,450 1,915 20 10 10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e 30 15 15 5 5 5
Turkic languages 22,250 11,205 11,045 235 110 125
Azerbaijani 1,245 640 610 40 20 20
Turkish 18,955 9,525 9,430 185 85 100
Uyghur 610 315 290 0 0 0
Uzbek 990 505 490 0 0 5
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 455 230 225 10 5 5
Uralic languages 23,245 10,715 12,535 190 85 110
Estonian 975 365 610 20 10 15
Finnish 2,790 1,220 1,565 25 10 10
Hungarian 19,485 9,125 10,355 140 60 80
Uralic languages, n.i.e. 5 0 0 0 0 0
Other languages, n.i.e. 1,110 605 500 0 5 0
Multiple responses 1,663,390 802,695 860,690 36,250 17,670 18,580
English and French 160,185 77,940 82,235 515 245 270
English and non-official language 1,284,975 620,375 664,600 35,025 17,110 17,915
French and non-official language 148,915 70,915 78,000 105 45 55
English, French and non-official language 69,315 33,465 35,850 605 260 345
Other language spoken regularly at homeThe letter C inside a yellow triangle - correctionUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% dataCensus data footnote 20 34,767,255 17,101,165 17,666,080 327,785 159,855 167,935
None 29,615,245 14,612,175 15,003,065 226,840 110,935 115,900
English 2,109,340 1,045,215 1,064,120 49,760 24,470 25,290
French 731,095 342,245 388,855 1,780 765 1,025
Non-official language 2,151,690 1,023,940 1,127,750 47,665 22,910 24,755
Aboriginal 90,740 42,890 47,850 0 0 0
Non-Aboriginal 2,060,945 981,055 1,079,895 47,665 22,910 24,755
English and French 47,970 23,785 24,190 240 100 135
English and non-official language 61,075 30,045 31,030 1,065 500 570
French and non-official language 48,755 22,690 26,065 425 175 255
English, French and non-official language 2,080 1,075 1,010 10 5 10
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 21 28,642,980 13,990,620 14,652,355 272,050 131,175 140,875
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data 27,488,530 13,444,335 14,044,190 256,900 123,675 133,220
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($) 34,204 40,782 28,860 28,106 32,260 25,270
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data 27,499,185 13,449,010 14,050,175 256,950 123,695 133,255
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($) 30,866 35,933 26,621 26,319 29,765 23,880
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data 24,583,315 12,296,595 12,286,725 228,160 112,345 115,815
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($) 32,762 39,925 26,613 29,089 34,305 24,966
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data 19,743,240 8,755,815 10,987,430 188,000 83,415 104,585
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($) 5,453 4,199 6,136 1,660 866 2,955
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data 20,428,685 10,547,760 9,880,925 186,150 94,580 91,565
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($) 33,684 39,836 28,474 32,242 36,654 28,804
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 22 28,643,015 13,990,430 14,652,585 272,050 131,175 140,880
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data 27,489,395 13,441,555 14,047,845 256,980 123,805 133,170
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($) 47,487 56,740 38,632 45,184 52,683 38,212
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data 27,500,230 13,446,230 14,053,995 257,045 123,825 133,220
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($) 38,977 45,404 32,828 37,126 42,271 32,343
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data 24,584,065 12,295,015 12,289,055 228,145 112,575 115,570
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($) 46,885 56,803 36,962 46,235 54,366 38,314
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data 19,742,130 8,752,070 10,990,060 188,515 83,900 104,615
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($) 7,738 7,345 8,050 5,639 4,792 6,318
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data 20,428,670 10,542,540 9,886,130 186,150 94,770 91,380
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($) 46,057 54,369 37,193 47,769 55,188 40,075
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 23 28,643,015 13,990,430 14,652,585 272,050 131,170 140,875
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 24 9,367,045 5,231,015 4,136,035 87,215 48,410 38,805
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)Census data footnote 25 53,431 59,326 47,420 56,396 61,298 51,488
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)Census data footnote 26 65,997 74,289 55,510 70,305 78,024 60,676
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% dataCensus data footnote 27 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Market income (%)Census data footnote 28 88.3 91.6 83.7 90.9 93.9 87.0
Employment income (%)Census data footnote 29 72.0 75.2 67.7 76.6 79.9 72.3
Government transfers (%)Census data footnote 30 11.7 8.4 16.3 9.1 6.1 13.0
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 31 28,642,980 13,990,620 14,652,360 272,055 131,170 140,880
Without total income 1,154,450 546,285 608,165 15,150 7,495 7,655
With total income 27,488,530 13,444,335 14,044,195 256,900 123,675 133,225
Percentage with total income 96.0 96.1 95.8 94.4 94.3 94.6
Under $10,000 (including loss) 3,877,620 1,668,960 2,208,655 52,490 23,470 29,020
$10,000 to $19,999 4,680,380 1,867,600 2,812,785 50,090 22,160 27,930
$20,000 to $29,999 3,807,840 1,593,335 2,214,505 30,745 13,610 17,135
$30,000 to $39,999 3,206,175 1,472,670 1,733,510 23,400 10,490 12,910
$40,000 to $49,999 2,827,045 1,376,565 1,450,480 20,120 9,220 10,900
$50,000 to $59,999 2,179,775 1,145,685 1,034,090 15,895 7,625 8,270
$60,000 to $69,999 1,655,070 938,755 716,310 13,075 6,535 6,545
$70,000 to $79,999 1,271,850 745,830 526,015 10,350 5,460 4,890
$80,000 to $89,999 966,885 579,290 387,590 8,590 4,780 3,815
$90,000 to $99,999 749,290 452,240 297,050 7,780 4,225 3,550
$100,000 and over 2,266,600 1,603,400 663,195 24,350 16,095 8,260
$100,000 to $149,999 1,493,570 1,024,210 469,365 16,075 10,120 5,950
$150,000 and over 773,025 579,190 193,830 8,280 5,970 2,305
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 32 28,642,980 13,990,620 14,652,360 272,050 131,170 140,880
Without after-tax income 1,143,795 541,620 602,175 15,105 7,480 7,620
With after-tax income 27,499,185 13,449,010 14,050,175 256,950 123,695 133,255
Percentage with after-tax income 96.0 96.1 95.9 94.4 94.3 94.6
Under $10,000 (including loss) 4,004,475 1,706,825 2,297,645 53,325 23,740 29,590
$10,000 to $19,999 4,905,055 1,972,920 2,932,130 51,825 23,035 28,795
$20,000 to $29,999 4,489,925 1,926,175 2,563,755 34,645 15,360 19,285
$30,000 to $39,999 3,924,960 1,870,705 2,054,250 27,430 12,445 14,985
$40,000 to $49,999 3,144,200 1,619,670 1,524,525 22,785 10,735 12,055
$50,000 to $59,999 2,209,280 1,245,570 963,705 17,615 8,805 8,815
$60,000 to $69,999 1,540,300 912,230 628,065 13,370 7,200 6,170
$70,000 to $79,999 1,076,180 654,570 421,610 11,175 6,215 4,960
$80,000 and over 2,204,820 1,540,335 664,485 24,770 16,165 8,605
$80,000 to $89,999 688,705 444,550 244,145 7,845 4,600 3,250
$90,000 to $99,999 420,975 291,090 129,885 4,885 3,125 1,760
$100,000 and over 1,095,140 804,690 290,445 12,040 8,445 3,595
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 33 28,642,980 13,990,625 14,652,360 272,050 131,170 140,880
Without employment income 8,214,295 3,442,860 4,771,430 85,900 36,590 49,310
With employment income 20,428,690 10,547,760 9,880,925 186,145 94,580 91,565
Percentage with employment income 71.3 75.4 67.4 68.4 72.1 65.0
Under $5,000 (including loss) 2,778,990 1,357,430 1,421,560 23,715 10,975 12,740
$5,000 to $9,999 1,602,140 697,025 905,120 16,830 7,730 9,100
$10,000 to $19,999 2,736,010 1,212,855 1,523,155 27,765 13,580 14,185
$20,000 to $29,999 2,293,785 1,022,090 1,271,695 20,355 9,430 10,930
$30,000 to $39,999 2,149,860 1,001,065 1,148,795 17,300 8,170 9,135
$40,000 to $49,999 1,928,565 946,625 981,940 15,150 7,135 8,015
$50,000 to $59,999 1,554,100 839,045 715,055 12,415 6,135 6,275
$60,000 to $69,999 1,220,310 708,270 512,040 10,380 5,340 5,045
$70,000 to $79,999 992,170 591,945 400,225 8,420 4,615 3,805
$80,000 and over 3,172,770 2,171,415 1,001,355 33,825 21,480 12,345
$80,000 to $89,999 773,755 475,700 298,055 7,205 4,095 3,110
$90,000 to $99,999 623,980 382,330 241,650 6,910 3,765 3,145
$100,000 and over 1,775,030 1,313,385 461,645 19,705 13,615 6,085
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% dataCensus data footnote 34 14,072,080 ... ... 102,675 ... ...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($) 70,336 ... ... 89,028 ... ...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($) 61,348 ... ... 78,472 ... ...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data 3,969,790 ... ... 13,785 ... ...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($) 35,174 ... ... 40,480 ... ...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($) 31,446 ... ... 35,896 ... ...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data 10,102,290 ... ... 88,890 ... ...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($) 88,249 ... ... 98,526 ... ...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($) 76,419 ... ... 86,768 ... ...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 35 14,072,075 ... ... 102,675 ... ...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($) 92,764 ... ... 113,087 ... ...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($) 76,171 ... ... 92,943 ... ...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data 3,967,765 ... ... 13,735 ... ...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($) 46,799 ... ... 55,714 ... ...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($) 38,685 ... ... 44,957 ... ...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data 10,104,315 ... ... 88,940 ... ...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($) 110,813 ... ... 121,946 ... ...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($) 90,890 ... ... 100,353 ... ...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 36 14,072,075 ... ... 102,675 ... ...
Under $5,000 228,790 ... ... 2,120 ... ...
$5,000 to $9,999 200,315 ... ... 1,270 ... ...
$10,000 to $14,999 374,575 ... ... 1,760 ... ...
$15,000 to $19,999 565,940 ... ... 2,505 ... ...
$20,000 to $24,999 602,800 ... ... 2,615 ... ...
$25,000 to $29,999 538,710 ... ... 3,400 ... ...
$30,000 to $34,999 603,480 ... ... 3,465 ... ...
$35,000 to $39,999 606,600 ... ... 3,395 ... ...
$40,000 to $44,999 596,110 ... ... 3,400 ... ...
$45,000 to $49,999 578,325 ... ... 3,400 ... ...
$50,000 to $59,999 1,097,345 ... ... 6,375 ... ...
$60,000 to $69,999 1,010,415 ... ... 6,370 ... ...
$70,000 to $79,999 924,320 ... ... 6,075 ... ...
$80,000 to $89,999 836,765 ... ... 5,745 ... ...
$90,000 to $99,999 745,655 ... ... 5,545 ... ...
$100,000 and over 4,561,920 ... ... 45,225 ... ...
$100,000 to $124,999 1,470,255 ... ... 11,700 ... ...
$125,000 to $149,999 1,016,245 ... ... 9,190 ... ...
$150,000 to $199,999 1,116,140 ... ... 11,950 ... ...
$200,000 and over 959,285 ... ... 12,385 ... ...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 32 14,072,075 ... ... 102,675 ... ...
Under $5,000 243,780 ... ... 2,280 ... ...
$5,000 to $9,999 203,865 ... ... 1,295 ... ...
$10,000 to $14,999 380,680 ... ... 1,780 ... ...
$15,000 to $19,999 591,660 ... ... 2,615 ... ...
$20,000 to $24,999 673,740 ... ... 2,805 ... ...
$25,000 to $29,999 628,225 ... ... 3,660 ... ...
$30,000 to $34,999 719,825 ... ... 3,820 ... ...
$35,000 to $39,999 725,675 ... ... 3,850 ... ...
$40,000 to $44,999 711,180 ... ... 4,010 ... ...
$45,000 to $49,999 691,695 ... ... 3,850 ... ...
$50,000 to $59,999 1,299,680 ... ... 7,830 ... ...
$60,000 to $69,999 1,169,515 ... ... 7,400 ... ...
$70,000 to $79,999 1,041,635 ... ... 7,295 ... ...
$80,000 to $89,999 900,055 ... ... 6,755 ... ...
$90,000 to $99,999 757,295 ... ... 6,220 ... ...
$100,000 and over 3,333,575 ... ... 37,220 ... ...
$100,000 to $124,999 1,371,945 ... ... 12,615 ... ...
$125,000 to $149,999 809,540 ... ... 9,070 ... ...
$150,000 and over 1,152,090 ... ... 15,535 ... ...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 37 9,688,845 ... ... 88,385 ... ...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($) 88,306 ... ... 96,829 ... ...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($) 76,372 ... ... 85,237 ... ...
Average family size of economic families 3.0 ... ... 3.5 ... ...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data 3,706,220 ... ... 20,330 ... ...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($) 78,976 ... ... 80,300 ... ...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($) 68,309 ... ... 70,709 ... ...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data 4,222,140 ... ... 54,185 ... ...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($) 113,465 ... ... 113,041 ... ...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($) 96,608 ... ... 98,576 ... ...
Average family size of couple economic families with children 4.0 ... ... 4.2 ... ...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data 1,481,410 ... ... 10,820 ... ...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($) 53,193 ... ... 58,457 ... ...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($) 48,856 ... ... 53,610 ... ...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families 2.7 ... ... 2.7 ... ...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 38 9,689,855 ... ... 88,420 ... ...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($) 111,235 ... ... 120,626 ... ...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($) 91,040 ... ... 99,131 ... ...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data 3,706,400 ... ... 20,170 ... ...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($) 101,086 ... ... 108,720 ... ...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($) 82,296 ... ... 86,435 ... ...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data 4,225,855 ... ... 54,210 ... ...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($) 137,094 ... ... 135,335 ... ...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($) 111,307 ... ... 111,564 ... ...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data 1,477,190 ... ... 10,895 ... ...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($) 65,549 ... ... 72,895 ... ...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($) 56,687 ... ... 62,607 ... ...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 21 5,313,545 2,608,845 2,704,705 21,355 9,685 11,670
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)Census data footnote 39 31,890 34,483 29,801 29,195 28,971 29,376
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)Census data footnote 39 28,959 30,746 27,495 27,128 26,798 27,374
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 40 5,299,050 2,596,985 2,702,070 21,295 9,575 11,715
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)Census data footnote 41 42,939 46,085 39,915 44,434 44,840 44,102
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)Census data footnote 41 35,801 37,724 33,952 36,556 36,493 36,607
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 42 34,460,065 16,971,550 17,488,515 327,405 159,720 167,680
In the bottom half of the distribution 17,229,835 8,256,970 8,972,865 152,560 73,530 79,030
In the bottom decile 3,445,950 1,672,900 1,773,050 34,660 16,780 17,880
In the second decile 3,445,660 1,564,965 1,880,700 32,995 15,790 17,205
In the third decile 3,446,165 1,641,930 1,804,235 29,355 14,155 15,200
In the fourth decile 3,445,850 1,677,120 1,768,730 27,470 13,345 14,130
In the fifth decile 3,446,210 1,700,060 1,746,150 28,075 13,470 14,605
In the top half of the distribution 17,230,230 8,714,580 8,515,650 174,840 86,190 88,650
In the sixth decile 3,445,695 1,716,510 1,729,185 28,335 13,755 14,580
In the seventh decile 3,446,470 1,730,975 1,715,500 30,570 14,920 15,650
In the eighth decile 3,445,940 1,741,640 1,704,300 33,575 16,420 17,155
In the ninth decile 3,446,045 1,751,850 1,694,195 39,180 19,415 19,765
In the top decile 3,446,080 1,773,600 1,672,475 43,185 21,680 21,500
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% dataCensus data footnote 43 33,968,295 16,724,265 17,244,035 327,400 159,725 167,675
0 to 17 years 6,836,380 3,504,250 3,332,125 67,965 35,075 32,890
0 to 5 years 2,228,770 1,142,505 1,086,270 20,640 10,575 10,060
18 to 64 years 21,695,090 10,690,090 11,005,005 210,855 101,625 109,230
65 years and over 5,436,830 2,529,930 2,906,905 48,580 23,020 25,565
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) 4,809,940 2,243,200 2,566,740 49,485 23,805 25,685
0 to 17 years 1,163,830 597,570 566,255 12,255 6,340 5,920
0 to 5 years 396,095 203,055 193,030 3,880 2,005 1,880
18 to 64 years 2,855,290 1,341,590 1,513,700 30,980 14,575 16,400
65 years and over 790,825 304,040 486,780 6,245 2,885 3,360
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%) 14.2 13.4 14.9 15.1 14.9 15.3
0 to 17 years (%) 17.0 17.1 17.0 18.0 18.1 18.0
0 to 5 years (%) 17.8 17.8 17.8 18.8 19.0 18.7
18 to 64 years (%) 13.2 12.5 13.8 14.7 14.3 15.0
65 years and over (%) 14.5 12.0 16.7 12.9 12.5 13.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) 3,128,995 1,519,370 1,609,630 40,080 19,355 20,730
0 to 17 years 696,025 357,255 338,770 9,790 5,060 4,725
0 to 5 years 236,435 121,170 115,260 3,105 1,615 1,490
18 to 64 years 2,157,745 1,057,585 1,100,160 26,570 12,645 13,925
65 years and over 275,225 104,525 170,695 3,725 1,650 2,075
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%) 9.2 9.1 9.3 12.2 12.1 12.4
0 to 17 years (%) 10.2 10.2 10.2 14.4 14.4 14.4
0 to 5 years (%) 10.6 10.6 10.6 15.0 15.3 14.8
18 to 64 years (%) 9.9 9.9 10.0 12.6 12.4 12.7
65 years and over (%) 5.1 4.1 5.9 7.7 7.2 8.1
Knowledge of languagesThe letter C inside a yellow triangle - correctionUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 44 34,460,065 16,971,575 17,488,485 327,400 159,725 167,680
Official languages 33,818,210 16,709,290 17,108,920 294,680 146,005 148,675
English 29,748,265 14,806,270 14,941,995 294,505 145,935 148,575
French 10,242,945 4,952,455 5,290,495 19,190 8,405 10,785
Non-official languages 9,369,280 4,488,185 4,881,090 233,815 111,840 121,975
Aboriginal languages 263,845 127,550 136,295 10 10 10
Algonquian languages 177,570 85,505 92,065 10 0 0
Blackfoot 5,645 2,695 2,950 0 0 0
Cree-Montagnais languages 116,585 56,515 60,070 0 0 0
Atikamekw 6,640 3,335 3,305 0 0 0
Montagnais (Innu) 11,440 5,500 5,945 0 0 0
Moose Cree 195 80 115 0 0 0
Naskapi 1,465 710 755 0 0 0
Northern East Cree 545 225 320 0 0 0
Plains Cree 5,905 2,705 3,200 0 0 0
Southern East Cree 40 30 10 0 0 0
Swampy Cree 2,345 995 1,350 0 0 0
Woods Cree 2,665 1,230 1,435 0 0 0
Cree, n.o.s. 86,115 42,080 44,035 0 0 0
Eastern Algonquian languages 9,765 4,710 5,050 10 0 10
Malecite 755 370 390 0 0 0
Mi'kmaq 9,025 4,350 4,670 0 0 0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 46,685 22,100 24,585 0 10 0
Algonquin 2,480 1,165 1,315 0 0 0
Ojibway 28,585 13,365 15,220 10 0 0
Oji-Cree 15,610 7,575 8,030 0 0 0
Ottawa (Odawa) 205 105 105 0 0 0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 120 60 60 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages 23,655 11,340 12,320 0 0 0
Northern Athabaskan languages 23,570 11,300 12,265 0 0 0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en) 210 105 100 0 0 0
Beaver 340 180 165 0 0 0
Carrier 2,105 955 1,145 0 0 0
Chilcotin 1,150 535 610 0 0 0
Dene 13,060 6,270 6,790 0 0 0
Dogrib (Tlicho) 2,375 1,210 1,165 0 0 0
Gwich'in 360 165 200 0 0 0
Sarsi (Sarcee) 150 60 90 0 0 0
Sekani 185 85 100 0 0 0
Slavey-Hare languages 2,815 1,340 1,475 0 0 0
North Slavey (Hare) 1,010 475 530 0 0 0
South Slavey 1,365 660 710 0 0 0
Slavey, n.o.s. 680 320 360 0 0 0
Tahltan languages 630 340 285 0 0 0
Kaska (Nahani) 365 205 170 0 0 0
Tahltan 270 140 130 0 0 0
Tutchone languages 420 160 260 0 0 0
Northern Tutchone 285 115 170 0 0 0
Southern Tutchone 145 50 95 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 85 35 50 0 0 0
Haida 465 205 260 0 0 0
Inuit languages 42,980 21,355 21,630 0 0 0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 1,975 895 1,080 0 0 0
Inuktitut 40,620 20,280 20,340 0 0 0
Inuit languages, n.i.e. 470 225 240 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages 2,800 1,240 1,555 0 0 0
Cayuga 125 40 85 0 0 0
Mohawk 2,415 1,120 1,295 0 0 0
Oneida 180 60 125 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 115 45 75 0 0 0
Kutenai 175 95 80 0 0 0
Michif 1,210 585 625 0 0 0
Salish languages 5,750 2,730 3,015 0 0 0
Comox 185 75 110 0 0 0
Halkomelem 1,060 475 585 0 0 0
Lillooet 790 405 385 0 0 0
Okanagan 820 370 450 0 0 0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin) 1,305 640 665 0 0 0
Squamish 285 125 155 0 0 0
Straits 360 160 200 0 0 0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux) 450 220 235 0 0 0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 565 295 270 0 0 0
Siouan languages 5,430 2,665 2,770 0 0 0
Dakota 1,760 870 890 0 0 0
Stoney 3,675 1,805 1,875 0 0 0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 140 70 70 0 0 0
Tlingit 260 140 120 0 0 0
Tsimshian languages 2,730 1,350 1,380 0 0 0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 1,305 645 660 0 0 0
Nisga'a 1,060 545 515 0 0 0
Tsimshian 410 180 235 0 0 0
Wakashan languages 1,490 680 805 0 0 0
Haisla 175 65 110 0 0 0
Heiltsuk 125 50 75 0 0 0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala) 605 285 320 0 0 0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 565 265 300 0 0 0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 30 20 10 0 0 0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s. 665 310 360 0 0 0
Non-Aboriginal languages 9,107,075 4,361,420 4,745,660 233,810 111,835 121,975
Afro-Asiatic languages 837,355 432,560 404,795 5,355 2,565 2,790
Berber languages 29,460 15,745 13,715 10 0 0
Kabyle 17,120 9,100 8,015 0 0 0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 12,505 6,735 5,775 0 10 0
Cushitic languages 57,125 26,870 30,250 130 65 70
Bilen 1,085 625 470 0 0 0
Oromo 6,245 3,070 3,175 15 10 0
Somali 49,665 23,070 26,590 120 55 60
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 480 220 265 0 0 0
Semitic languages 771,130 400,780 370,350 5,220 2,500 2,725
Amharic 33,670 16,675 16,995 145 75 70
Arabic 629,055 329,235 299,820 3,920 1,885 2,035
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 19,745 9,720 10,020 30 15 15
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 7,115 3,505 3,610 0 0 0
Harari 1,710 855 860 50 30 30
Hebrew 75,020 38,730 36,290 1,060 510 550
Maltese 7,625 3,760 3,870 50 15 35
Tigrigna 21,340 10,640 10,705 40 10 25
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 3,220 1,655 1,565 20 10 10
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e. 2,775 1,440 1,335 0 0 0
Austro-Asiatic languages 224,865 105,845 119,020 1,980 820 1,160
Khmer (Cambodian) 27,035 12,640 14,400 30 10 20
Vietnamese 198,895 93,735 105,155 1,950 815 1,135
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e. 190 70 120 0 0 0
Austronesian languages 656,200 273,075 383,125 7,190 2,765 4,420
Bikol 2,075 885 1,190 10 0 10
Cebuano 27,045 10,960 16,085 165 65 100
Fijian 1,660 955 705 10 10 0
Hiligaynon 7,925 3,200 4,720 35 15 15
Ilocano 34,530 13,805 20,730 265 100 170
Malagasy 2,335 1,120 1,220 10 0 0
Malay 22,470 10,370 12,100 480 230 255
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 5,425 2,445 2,980 75 35 40
Pangasinan 1,800 790 1,015 10 0 0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 612,735 253,210 359,530 6,565 2,475 4,090
Waray-Waray 1,395 530 860 0 0 0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 5,585 2,540 3,040 35 15 20
Creole languages 155,615 70,545 85,070 690 335 350
Haitian Creole 6,850 3,140 3,710 25 10 15
Creole, n.o.s. 133,045 59,890 73,160 415 205 210
Creole languages, n.i.e. 16,635 7,955 8,675 255 125 130
Dravidian languages 250,180 126,220 123,960 20,465 10,035 10,430
Kannada 8,245 4,180 4,065 140 60 75
Malayalam 37,810 19,410 18,400 780 385 390
Tamil 189,860 94,640 95,220 19,190 9,415 9,770
Telugu 23,160 12,770 10,390 575 280 300
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 790 385 405 0 10 0
Hmong-Mien languages 870 435 435 0 0 0
Indo-European languages 5,158,010 2,506,455 2,651,555 59,705 29,225 30,475
Albanian 31,930 16,140 15,790 120 65 60
Armenian 41,295 19,980 21,315 1,585 780 810
Balto-Slavic languages 817,315 384,960 432,350 5,860 2,705 3,155
Baltic languages 14,675 6,470 8,205 110 45 65
Latvian 6,500 2,960 3,540 45 20 25
Lithuanian 8,185 3,510 4,675 65 25 40
Slavic languages 805,915 379,965 425,945 5,790 2,680 3,110
Belarusan 2,265 1,070 1,195 20 10 15
Bosnian 18,265 9,055 9,215 70 30 40
Bulgarian 22,425 10,920 11,505 190 90 100
Croatian 69,840 34,515 35,325 190 90 105
Czech 28,720 13,675 15,050 90 35 55
Macedonian 23,075 11,190 11,880 1,720 830 890
Polish 214,965 99,365 115,600 655 305 350
Russian 269,645 127,055 142,595 2,410 1,065 1,345
Serbian 73,775 37,040 36,740 390 195 195
Serbo-Croatian 11,275 5,525 5,750 75 50 30
Slovak 21,470 10,215 11,255 80 30 45
Slovene (Slovenian) 11,495 5,205 6,290 45 20 25
Ukrainian 132,115 58,820 73,300 335 155 180
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 3,000 1,590 1,405 15 10 10
Celtic languages 9,165 4,705 4,455 25 15 15
Scottish Gaelic 3,980 2,010 1,975 15 0 10
Welsh 1,690 830 860 10 0 0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 3,590 1,915 1,680 10 0 0
Germanic languages 695,535 337,215 358,320 2,875 1,360 1,510
Afrikaans 23,410 11,795 11,610 380 185 195
Danish 15,745 7,320 8,425 75 45 30
Dutch 120,865 57,885 62,990 410 180 230
Frisian 2,910 1,515 1,395 0 0 0
German 502,730 245,745 256,985 1,755 820 930
Icelandic 1,780 830 945 0 0 0
Norwegian 8,120 3,860 4,260 45 20 20
Swedish 14,140 6,510 7,635 85 40 40
Vlaams (Flemish) 4,400 1,945 2,455 20 15 10
Yiddish 20,985 10,435 10,550 220 115 110
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 8,710 4,425 4,285 20 15 0
Greek 150,965 75,510 75,455 3,705 1,885 1,825
Indo-Iranian languages 1,658,220 840,850 817,365 36,330 18,075 18,245
Indo-Aryan languages 1,387,805 704,370 683,435 27,405 13,605 13,800
Bengali 91,220 46,935 44,285 925 435 485
Gujarati 149,045 74,765 74,285 5,760 2,795 2,965
Hindi 433,365 221,665 211,700 9,655 4,670 4,985
Kashmiri 905 490 420 20 10 15
Konkani 6,790 3,185 3,605 200 85 115
Marathi 15,570 8,200 7,365 445 245 200
Nepali 21,380 10,915 10,470 75 40 35
Oriya (Odia) 1,535 755 775 30 10 20
Punjabi (Panjabi) 668,240 341,450 326,790 6,615 3,400 3,220
Sindhi 20,260 9,310 10,945 1,000 460 540
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 27,825 13,970 13,855 950 510 440
Urdu 322,220 164,685 157,535 10,175 5,185 4,995
Iranian languages 281,715 142,030 139,680 9,190 4,570 4,620
Kurdish 15,290 8,290 7,000 130 55 75
Pashto 23,180 12,465 10,715 345 175 170
Persian (Farsi) 252,320 126,565 125,755 8,830 4,410 4,420
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 8,875 4,715 4,155 180 100 75
Italic (Romance) languages 1,897,630 898,530 999,100 10,695 5,070 5,625
Catalan 2,035 1,145 890 0 0 0
Italian 574,725 278,500 296,225 5,140 2,460 2,685
Portuguese 295,955 144,465 151,485 1,055 485 570
Romanian 115,050 55,275 59,770 1,060 540 520
Spanish 995,255 460,250 535,010 3,825 1,775 2,050
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 2,680 1,610 1,075 10 10 0
Japanese 83,090 36,760 46,335 1,065 505 565
Kartvelian languages 2,150 1,075 1,075 50 35 15
Georgian 2,150 1,080 1,070 50 40 15
Korean 172,755 80,170 92,590 4,015 1,905 2,115
Mongolic languages 2,090 960 1,130 0 0 0
Mongolian 2,090 960 1,130 0 0 10
Niger-Congo languages 177,215 88,135 89,080 855 430 425
Akan (Twi) 22,145 10,810 11,340 160 90 75
Bamanankan 3,190 1,660 1,530 0 0 0
Edo 3,220 1,510 1,705 0 10 0
Ewe 3,000 1,685 1,315 0 0 0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 4,725 2,460 2,260 0 0 0
Ga 2,250 1,140 1,110 10 0 0
Ganda 2,495 1,175 1,320 10 10 0
Igbo 8,850 4,710 4,140 30 10 25
Lingala 17,010 7,865 9,145 30 15 15
Rundi (Kirundi) 8,590 4,075 4,515 10 0 10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 7,860 3,600 4,260 0 0 0
Shona 5,425 2,530 2,905 25 10 15
Swahili 38,680 19,565 19,115 400 210 190
Wolof 8,240 4,455 3,785 10 0 10
Yoruba 22,420 11,475 10,940 90 50 40
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 40,760 20,375 20,385 135 60 80
Nilo-Saharan languages 7,015 3,520 3,495 0 0 0
Dinka 2,475 1,280 1,190 0 0 0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 4,555 2,240 2,315 0 10 0
Sign languages 48,115 18,985 29,130 135 55 85
American Sign Language 21,930 7,780 14,155 40 20 20
Quebec Sign Language 4,665 1,665 3,005 0 0 0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 22,275 9,835 12,440 95 30 65
Sino-Tibetan languages 1,430,440 672,100 758,340 136,780 65,410 71,370
Chinese languages 1,413,110 663,465 749,640 136,720 65,385 71,340
Cantonese 699,125 325,840 373,285 88,700 42,300 46,400
Hakka 12,445 5,555 6,890 2,705 1,235 1,470
Mandarin 814,450 377,635 436,815 64,350 29,935 34,415
Min Dong 1,045 440 600 150 50 100
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 42,840 19,005 23,835 2,295 1,035 1,265
Wu (Shanghainese) 16,530 7,490 9,040 1,255 600 655
Chinese, n.o.s. 41,690 19,995 21,690 1,535 730 805
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 590 250 340 15 10 10
Tibeto-Burman languages 18,270 9,100 9,175 105 50 50
Burmese 4,995 2,490 2,500 95 45 45
Karenic languages 4,895 2,425 2,475 0 0 0
Tibetan 7,050 3,555 3,490 0 0 0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 2,375 1,160 1,220 10 0 0
Tai-Kadai languages 30,400 13,210 17,195 210 85 125
Lao 17,235 8,240 8,990 90 45 50
Thai 15,390 5,875 9,520 115 45 70
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 115 50 65 10 0 0
Turkic languages 60,530 31,585 28,945 970 510 460
Azerbaijani 5,450 2,885 2,565 145 75 70
Turkish 50,775 26,605 24,165 830 445 390
Uyghur 1,385 685 700 0 0 0
Uzbek 2,465 1,230 1,235 20 0 15
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 1,870 905 965 0 0 0
Uralic languages 94,810 44,270 50,545 880 410 470
Estonian 6,070 2,750 3,315 125 60 70
Finnish 17,595 7,540 10,050 155 70 90
Hungarian 71,285 34,005 37,280 605 285 315
Uralic languages, n.i.e. 25 10 10 0 0 0
Other languages, n.i.e. 9,730 5,375 4,355 35 25 10
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 45 34,460,065 16,971,580 17,488,490 327,400 159,725 167,675
Canadian citizensCensus data footnote 46 32,034,590 15,799,495 16,235,090 283,890 139,420 144,475
Canadian citizens aged under 18 6,652,795 3,412,785 3,240,010 63,235 32,630 30,600
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over 25,381,795 12,386,710 12,995,080 220,660 106,795 113,865
Not Canadian citizensCensus data footnote 47 2,425,480 1,172,085 1,253,400 43,510 20,300 23,210
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 48 34,460,065 16,971,575 17,488,485 327,400 159,720 167,680
Non-immigrantsCensus data footnote 49 26,412,610 13,124,325 13,288,290 128,650 66,035 62,615
ImmigrantsCensus data footnote 50 7,540,830 3,586,495 3,954,330 192,220 90,490 101,730
Before 1981 1,941,510 927,795 1,013,715 33,295 16,315 16,980
1981 to 1990 915,555 439,245 476,310 31,295 15,000 16,295
1991 to 2000 1,486,655 696,720 789,940 59,445 28,035 31,410
2001 to 2010 1,985,035 940,570 1,044,465 47,525 21,775 25,755
2001 to 2005 928,935 439,890 489,050 26,445 12,125 14,320
2006 to 2010 1,056,095 500,680 555,415 21,085 9,655 11,430
2011 to 2016Census data footnote 51 1,212,075 582,175 629,895 20,660 9,365 11,290
Non-permanent residentsCensus data footnote 52 506,625 260,755 245,870 6,530 3,195 3,335
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 53 7,540,830 3,586,500 3,954,335 192,215 90,490 101,730
Under 5 years 731,340 364,165 367,175 13,730 7,000 6,730
5 to 14 years 1,311,810 665,870 645,945 28,345 14,325 14,030
15 to 24 years 1,604,430 724,430 880,005 40,725 18,440 22,285
25 to 44 years 3,198,920 1,513,970 1,684,950 84,700 39,665 45,035
45 years and over 694,320 318,060 376,260 24,725 11,065 13,660
Immigrants by selected place of birthThe letter C inside a yellow triangle - correctionUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 54 7,540,830 3,586,495 3,954,330 192,220 90,490 101,730
Americas 1,128,745 510,650 618,100 13,935 6,430 7,505
Brazil 29,320 13,235 16,080 215 105 110
Colombia 70,035 32,065 37,965 295 145 150
El Salvador 48,080 23,865 24,215 100 35 65
Guyana 87,685 38,940 48,745 3,220 1,465 1,755
Haiti 93,480 40,955 52,525 70 25 45
Jamaica 138,345 59,960 78,390 3,980 1,760 2,220
Mexico 80,585 37,530 43,055 210 100 110
Peru 29,615 12,950 16,665 310 140 175
Trinidad and Tobago 65,040 29,325 35,710 1,640 770 880
United StatesCensus data footnote 55 253,715 113,505 140,215 1,915 940 975
Other places of birth in Americas 232,850 108,325 124,530 1,975 950 1,025
Europe 2,088,410 1,015,145 1,073,260 15,085 7,310 7,770
Bosnia and Herzegovina 36,135 18,050 18,085 90 55 30
Croatia 40,045 20,005 20,035 120 55 60
France 105,565 55,395 50,170 160 60 100
Germany 145,845 69,525 76,320 670 300 370
Greece 62,715 31,580 31,135 1,740 940 800
Hungary 36,820 17,945 18,875 350 150 200
IrelandCensus data footnote 56 28,325 14,355 13,970 230 90 140
Italy 236,640 118,595 118,040 2,730 1,335 1,395
Netherlands 88,475 45,185 43,295 230 130 100
Poland 146,465 66,450 80,020 500 220 280
Portugal 139,450 68,150 71,300 370 170 200
Romania 90,305 42,795 47,510 930 465 470
Russian Federation 78,685 34,265 44,420 775 330 445
SerbiaCensus data footnote 57 33,320 16,325 17,000 175 85 90
Ukraine 73,030 33,360 39,665 445 185 260
United KingdomCensus data footnote 58 499,115 243,225 255,890 3,420 1,710 1,710
Other places of birth in Europe 247,470 119,945 127,530 2,150 1,035 1,120
Africa 637,485 322,510 314,970 6,975 3,440 3,535
Algeria 64,620 33,920 30,705 30 10 20
Egypt 64,615 34,125 30,495 1,250 655 595
Ethiopia 32,790 15,980 16,810 180 95 80
Kenya 27,150 12,810 14,340 1,000 500 500
Morocco 69,655 36,120 33,535 75 40 40
Nigeria 42,430 21,830 20,600 230 100 135
Somalia 27,230 12,070 15,160 100 45 55
South Africa, Republic of 44,660 22,205 22,460 1,055 485 565
Other places of birth in Africa 264,320 133,450 130,870 3,055 1,515 1,545
Asia 3,629,160 1,709,985 1,919,175 155,990 73,195 82,800
Afghanistan 51,955 26,030 25,930 835 420 410
Bangladesh 58,735 29,875 28,865 525 250 275
ChinaCensus data footnote 59 649,260 290,800 358,460 59,060 27,200 31,860
Hong KongCensus data footnote 60 208,940 98,020 110,915 32,525 15,530 16,995
India 668,565 334,030 334,540 14,215 6,855 7,360
IranCensus data footnote 61 154,425 77,970 76,455 6,640 3,300 3,340
Iraq 68,485 34,785 33,705 480 225 250
Japan 27,240 7,955 19,285 345 155 195
Korea, SouthCensus data footnote 62 123,305 57,170 66,140 2,905 1,390 1,510
Lebanon 88,745 47,295 41,450 665 325 345
Pakistan 202,260 103,225 99,035 5,540 2,735 2,810
Philippines 588,305 247,095 341,210 6,720 2,700 4,020
Sri Lanka 131,995 64,825 67,170 12,805 6,180 6,625
SyriaCensus data footnote 63 52,960 26,595 26,365 240 135 100
Taiwan 63,770 28,170 35,605 2,335 1,005 1,335
Viet Nam 169,250 78,000 91,250 3,620 1,595 2,030
Other places of birth in Asia 320,965 158,150 162,815 6,535 3,175 3,360
Oceania and other places of birthCensus data footnote 64 57,030 28,210 28,825 235 110 125
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 54 1,212,075 582,180 629,895 20,655 9,370 11,290
Americas 152,595 72,870 79,720 925 470 450
Brazil 8,500 4,000 4,490 15 0 20
Colombia 15,300 6,885 8,415 30 15 10
Cuba 5,370 2,545 2,820 25 20 0
Haiti 19,985 9,160 10,830 10 0 10
Jamaica 12,495 6,680 5,820 135 50 85
Mexico 18,660 9,090 9,575 40 30 10
United StatesCensus data footnote 55 33,060 16,480 16,580 390 200 185
VenezuelaCensus data footnote 65 6,425 2,990 3,435 40 25 15
Other places of birth in Americas 32,790 15,040 17,750 230 125 110
Europe 140,030 70,995 69,035 410 190 215
France 24,150 13,000 11,150 30 20 10
Germany 6,300 3,255 3,045 15 10 10
IrelandCensus data footnote 56 5,660 3,540 2,120 10 10 0
MoldovaCensus data footnote 66 5,900 2,735 3,165 0 0 0
Romania 7,610 3,330 4,280 35 15 20
Russian Federation 11,565 4,485 7,080 75 30 50
Ukraine 13,425 6,015 7,410 60 20 45
United KingdomCensus data footnote 58 24,445 14,235 10,215 75 40 35
Other places of birth in Europe 40,970 20,405 20,570 115 55 55
Africa 162,800 81,545 81,245 370 195 180
Algeria 17,175 8,440 8,735 0 0 0
Cameroon 10,265 5,005 5,255 0 0 0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 7,400 3,570 3,835 10 10 0
Côte d'Ivoire 6,240 3,030 3,210 25 15 10
Egypt 16,115 8,445 7,665 170 85 90
Eritrea 6,050 3,195 2,855 0 0 0
Ethiopia 7,510 3,625 3,890 0 10 0
Morocco 15,105 7,470 7,635 10 0 10
Nigeria 17,285 8,850 8,435 20 10 10
Somalia 5,335 2,600 2,730 0 0 0
South Africa, Republic of 5,765 2,935 2,830 10 0 10
Tunisia 6,700 3,475 3,230 0 0 0
Other places of birth in Africa 41,855 20,905 20,950 115 60 55
Asia 748,700 352,095 396,610 18,925 8,490 10,435
Afghanistan 9,240 4,530 4,710 90 40 50
Bangladesh 12,900 6,445 6,460 45 20 25
ChinaCensus data footnote 59 129,020 57,745 71,270 11,785 5,270 6,515
Hong KongCensus data footnote 60 4,975 2,090 2,880 625 250 380
India 147,190 75,145 72,045 1,250 600 655
IranCensus data footnote 61 42,070 20,580 21,490 1,700 850 850
Iraq 20,665 10,345 10,320 35 15 20
Israel 4,740 2,615 2,130 40 10 30
Japan 4,905 1,250 3,655 30 10 20
Korea, SouthCensus data footnote 62 21,710 9,630 12,075 390 190 205
Lebanon 9,375 4,980 4,400 40 25 15
Nepal 7,505 3,780 3,715 25 15 10
Pakistan 41,480 20,530 20,945 665 295 370
Philippines 188,810 83,050 105,760 880 270 610
Saudi Arabia 5,465 2,820 2,640 65 50 15
Sri Lanka 11,495 5,190 6,305 575 270 305
SyriaCensus data footnote 63 29,945 15,245 14,700 30 25 0
Taiwan 4,310 1,685 2,625 170 90 80
Turkey 4,255 2,365 1,890 20 0 15
United Arab Emirates 6,135 3,220 2,910 125 65 60
Viet Nam 11,210 4,500 6,705 75 20 55
Other places of birth in Asia 31,320 14,345 16,970 265 115 150
Oceania and otherCensus data footnote 64 7,955 4,670 3,280 25 15 10
Australia 4,965 2,950 2,010 20 15 0
Other places of birthCensus data footnote 67 2,990 1,720 1,270 10 10 0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 68 34,460,060 16,971,575 17,488,485 327,400 159,720 167,675
First generationCensus data footnote 69 8,219,555 3,936,045 4,283,505 200,300 94,490 105,810
Second generationCensus data footnote 70 6,100,725 3,053,075 3,047,650 93,465 48,280 45,185
Third generation or moreCensus data footnote 71 20,139,790 9,982,460 10,157,330 33,645 16,955 16,690
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 72 5,703,615 2,709,530 2,994,085 161,675 75,465 86,210
Economic immigrantsCensus data footnote 73 2,994,130 1,496,240 1,497,885 87,260 43,320 43,945
Principal applicantsCensus data footnote 74 1,220,755 755,370 465,380 33,630 22,310 11,325
Secondary applicantsCensus data footnote 75 1,773,380 740,870 1,032,510 53,630 21,010 32,620
Immigrants sponsored by familyCensus data footnote 76 1,782,490 728,085 1,054,400 53,140 20,825 32,315
RefugeesCensus data footnote 77 858,845 453,675 405,175 17,695 9,655 8,035
Other immigrantsCensus data footnote 78 68,145 31,530 36,615 3,585 1,665 1,920
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 79 34,460,065 16,971,575 17,488,485 327,400 159,720 167,675
Aboriginal identityCensus data footnote 80 1,673,785 813,520 860,265 740 335 405
Single Aboriginal responsesCensus data footnote 81 1,629,805 792,970 836,835 695 310 395
First Nations (North American Indian)Census data footnote 82 977,235 471,510 505,725 425 195 230
Métis 587,545 289,435 298,115 250 100 150
Inuk (Inuit) 65,030 32,030 32,995 20 15 10
Multiple Aboriginal responsesCensus data footnote 83 21,310 10,165 11,145 25 15 0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhereCensus data footnote 84 22,670 10,385 12,290 20 10 10
Non-Aboriginal identity 32,786,280 16,158,060 16,628,225 326,660 159,390 167,275
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 85 34,460,065 16,971,580 17,488,490 327,400 159,720 167,675
Registered or Treaty IndianCensus data footnote 86 820,120 395,670 424,445 200 85 115
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian 33,639,945 16,575,905 17,064,040 327,200 159,640 167,560
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 87 34,460,065 16,971,575 17,488,490 327,400 159,725 167,680
Aboriginal ancestry (only)Census data footnote 88 727,790 356,970 370,815 150 50 95
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)Census data footnote 89 709,235 347,985 361,245 145 45 95
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestryCensus data footnote 82 573,215 280,040 293,180 105 40 65
Métis single ancestry 91,255 45,740 45,515 40 10 35
Inuit single ancestry 44,765 22,210 22,555 0 0 0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)Census data footnote 90 18,555 8,985 9,565 0 0 0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries 15,140 7,305 7,835 10 10 0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries 2,470 1,205 1,265 0 0 0
Métis and Inuit ancestries 770 390 380 0 0 0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries 170 85 85 0 0 0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestriesCensus data footnote 91 1,402,735 669,710 733,025 985 455 530
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestriesCensus data footnote 92 1,347,610 644,210 703,400 965 440 525
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries 881,455 418,215 463,235 740 335 405
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries 441,000 213,940 227,065 210 95 115
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries 25,155 12,045 13,105 15 0 10
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestriesCensus data footnote 93 55,125 25,505 29,625 15 10 0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries 49,325 22,740 26,585 15 10 10
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries 3,470 1,655 1,815 0 0 0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries 2,005 940 1,065 10 10 0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries 325 170 160 0 0 0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)Census data footnote 94 32,329,545 15,944,900 16,384,645 326,270 159,220 167,050
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 95 34,460,065 16,971,575 17,488,485 327,400 159,725 167,675
Total visible minority populationCensus data footnote 96 7,674,580 3,725,090 3,949,495 255,155 124,000 131,155
South AsianCensus data footnote 97 1,924,635 977,690 946,945 58,270 29,105 29,165
Chinese 1,577,060 746,400 830,665 147,725 71,610 76,115
Black 1,198,540 580,070 618,475 9,655 4,500 5,160
Filipino 780,125 341,800 438,330 8,905 3,780 5,120
Latin American 447,325 215,460 231,860 1,750 815 935
Arab 523,235 276,425 246,810 3,250 1,620 1,635
Southeast AsianCensus data footnote 98 313,260 148,880 164,385 2,520 1,105 1,415
West AsianCensus data footnote 99 264,305 133,475 130,825 7,910 4,000 3,910
Korean 188,710 89,110 99,600 4,355 2,140 2,210
Japanese 92,920 40,105 52,815 995 485 510
Visible minority, n.i.e.Census data footnote 100 132,090 62,540 69,550 2,920 1,385 1,530
Multiple visible minoritiesCensus data footnote 101 232,375 113,140 119,230 6,895 3,455 3,440
Not a visible minorityCensus data footnote 102 26,785,480 13,246,485 13,539,000 72,250 35,725 36,525
Ethnic origin populationThe letter C inside a yellow triangle - correctionUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 103 34,460,065 16,971,575 17,488,485 327,400 159,725 167,675
North American Aboriginal origins 2,130,520 1,026,675 1,103,840 1,130 510 625
First Nations (North American Indian) 1,525,570 731,410 794,155 860 390 465
Inuit 79,130 38,695 40,435 20 10 10
Métis 599,995 291,310 308,690 275 120 150
Other North American origins 11,628,535 5,745,695 5,882,835 22,360 11,310 11,045
Acadian 119,675 57,805 61,865 65 20 45
American 377,405 182,690 194,715 1,315 665 655
Canadian 11,135,965 5,501,595 5,634,370 21,435 10,850 10,585
New Brunswicker 1,490 800 685 0 0 0
Newfoundlander 22,215 11,420 10,800 35 25 10
Nova Scotian 3,700 1,770 1,930 45 30 25
Ontarian 3,925 1,980 1,945 10 0 10
Québécois 194,560 99,320 95,235 35 15 15
Other North American origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 104 1,895 950 945 0 0 0
European origins 19,683,320 9,687,715 9,995,605 72,825 35,885 36,945
British Isles origins 11,211,850 5,474,735 5,737,115 35,225 17,330 17,895
Channel Islander 3,595 1,740 1,855 25 15 10
Cornish 1,975 995 975 0 0 0
English 6,320,085 3,069,515 3,250,570 20,555 10,185 10,370
Irish 4,627,000 2,195,620 2,431,385 13,905 6,860 7,040
Manx 6,125 3,090 3,040 30 15 10
Scottish 4,799,005 2,323,390 2,475,620 14,655 7,055 7,600
Welsh 474,805 226,600 248,210 1,290 620 670
British Isles origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 105 644,695 307,090 337,610 2,830 1,325 1,510
French origins 4,680,820 2,283,480 2,397,340 5,845 2,765 3,080
Alsatian 2,800 1,300 1,495 0 0 10
Breton 11,845 5,765 6,080 0 0 0
Corsican 1,750 950 805 0 0 0
French 4,670,595 2,278,430 2,392,165 5,845 2,765 3,080
Western European origins (except French origins) 4,600,855 2,258,095 2,342,760 10,345 5,245 5,100
Austrian 207,050 100,775 106,275 985 525 460
Bavarian 940 485 455 0 0 0
Belgian 186,665 91,395 95,270 265 115 145
Dutch 1,111,655 546,565 565,090 2,365 1,205 1,160
Flemish 11,685 5,730 5,960 15 10 0
Frisian 4,590 2,395 2,195 20 15 10
German 3,322,405 1,626,785 1,695,615 7,160 3,600 3,560
Luxembourger 3,915 2,025 1,890 20 15 10
Swiss 155,120 76,935 78,185 450 250 205
Western European origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 106 3,365 1,645 1,720 0 0 0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins) 1,201,320 579,005 622,315 1,685 840 850
Danish 207,470 100,660 106,810 385 215 165
Finnish 143,645 69,045 74,600 510 220 285
Icelandic 101,795 49,875 51,915 75 35 30
Norwegian 463,275 223,075 240,200 320 165 150
Swedish 349,645 163,545 186,095 430 210 220
Northern European origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 107 52,780 26,965 25,820 100 45 55
Eastern European origins 3,431,245 1,666,740 1,764,505 13,910 6,935 6,980
Bulgarian 34,565 16,935 17,625 265 130 140
Byelorussian 20,710 10,190 10,515 205 75 130
Czech 104,580 51,555 53,030 430 225 205
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.Census data footnote 108 40,715 19,235 21,480 115 45 75
Estonian 24,530 11,715 12,815 250 105 150
Hungarian 348,085 170,040 178,045 1,485 765 725
Latvian 30,725 14,920 15,805 245 115 125
Lithuanian 59,285 28,745 30,535 700 320 375
Moldovan 14,915 7,265 7,650 80 45 35
Polish 1,106,585 533,830 572,750 5,015 2,555 2,460
Romanian 238,050 114,705 123,345 1,800 940 860
Russian 622,445 297,600 324,850 3,840 1,870 1,965
Slovak 72,285 35,360 36,925 250 135 115
Ukrainian 1,359,655 663,560 696,095 2,800 1,425 1,370
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 109 20,415 9,895 10,520 160 85 70
Southern European origins 3,012,375 1,494,605 1,517,775 26,495 13,200 13,295
Albanian 36,185 18,385 17,800 165 75 90
Bosnian 26,740 13,320 13,420 95 60 40
Catalan 1,280 740 535 15 15 0
Croatian 133,970 67,825 66,140 435 225 205
Cypriot 5,650 2,850 2,795 85 35 55
Greek 271,410 137,405 134,005 6,215 3,105 3,115
Italian 1,587,965 794,525 793,445 12,060 6,025 6,035
Kosovar 2,865 1,470 1,395 0 0 0
Macedonian 43,110 21,650 21,460 2,280 1,110 1,170
Maltese 41,920 20,955 20,965 240 100 145
Montenegrin 4,160 2,180 1,985 35 30 10
Portuguese 482,605 239,360 243,250 3,180 1,625 1,560
Serbian 96,530 49,095 47,440 630 325 305
Sicilian 6,940 3,500 3,435 85 45 45
Slovenian 40,470 20,105 20,365 200 115 95
Spanish 396,460 184,520 211,945 3,125 1,520 1,605
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.Census data footnote 110 38,480 18,620 19,860 180 85 95
Southern European origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 111 2,170 1,030 1,135 0 0 0
Other European origins 226,695 115,110 111,580 1,785 970 815
Basque 6,965 3,690 3,275 20 15 0
Jewish 143,660 72,625 71,035 1,420 750 665
Roma (Gypsy) 4,630 2,195 2,440 0 10 0
Slavic, n.o.s.Census data footnote 112 4,870 2,560 2,310 40 15 20
Other European origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 113 67,890 34,730 33,160 310 185 125
Caribbean origins 749,155 349,810 399,345 10,665 5,010 5,655
Antiguan 4,500 2,115 2,385 50 10 40
Bahamian 3,675 1,915 1,760 90 70 20
Barbadian 37,780 17,745 20,035 670 320 355
Bermudan 3,075 1,435 1,640 10 0 10
Carib 3,030 1,175 1,860 15 15 10
Cuban 29,065 13,800 15,270 145 75 75
Dominican 23,130 11,000 12,125 145 80 60
Grenadian 17,915 7,835 10,080 235 95 145
Guadeloupean 1,125 515 605 0 0 0
Haitian 165,095 76,460 88,635 140 55 80
Jamaican 309,485 145,080 164,410 6,175 2,895 3,275
Kittitian/Nevisian 2,915 1,460 1,460 55 30 25
Martinican 2,010 900 1,110 0 0 0
Montserratan 930 460 470 0 0 10
Puerto Rican 3,405 1,645 1,765 15 10 10
St. Lucian 8,985 4,095 4,890 60 35 25
Trinidadian/Tobagonian 78,965 37,325 41,635 1,640 760 880
Vincentian/Grenadinian 17,420 7,475 9,945 240 110 125
West Indian, n.o.s.Census data footnote 114 70,270 31,625 38,645 1,770 835 930
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 115 26,830 12,520 14,310 280 110 165
Latin, Central and South American origins 674,640 325,210 349,430 5,205 2,465 2,750
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya) 22,725 10,875 11,850 100 45 55
Arawak 1,440 610 830 0 0 0
Argentinian 20,680 10,130 10,545 230 105 120
Belizean 1,755 915 845 30 30 0
Bolivian 5,055 2,480 2,580 15 10 0
Brazilian 36,830 17,380 19,455 280 105 175
Chilean 45,190 22,280 22,910 95 40 60
Colombian 96,325 45,590 50,735 395 195 195
Costa Rican 5,535 2,680 2,855 10 10 10
Ecuadorian 25,405 11,995 13,415 235 110 125
Guatemalan 26,275 13,360 12,915 50 30 20
Guyanese 84,275 39,530 44,745 2,455 1,205 1,250
Hispanic 11,055 5,380 5,670 20 15 0
Honduran 10,650 5,235 5,415 0 0 0
Maya 6,285 3,350 2,940 10 10 0
Mexican 128,485 62,890 65,595 400 175 225
Nicaraguan 13,705 6,650 7,055 25 15 15
Panamanian 4,700 2,210 2,495 80 40 40
Paraguayan 4,325 2,165 2,160 20 10 10
Peruvian 42,145 19,645 22,505 360 155 205
Salvadorean 66,220 32,960 33,255 160 50 110
Uruguayan 6,795 3,390 3,410 65 20 45
Venezuelan 26,345 12,220 14,125 245 115 130
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 116 28,455 13,930 14,525 215 105 105
African origins 1,067,930 539,805 528,120 7,520 3,690 3,830
Central and West African origins 230,110 118,040 112,070 835 410 425
Akan 1,955 1,090 870 10 10 0
Angolan 2,960 1,475 1,480 10 10 0
Ashanti 1,585 855 735 15 0 10
Beninese 4,995 2,670 2,320 0 0 0
Burkinabe 3,150 1,665 1,485 0 0 0
Cameroonian 24,615 12,390 12,230 40 20 20
Chadian 1,845 955 885 0 0 0
Congolese 38,365 18,925 19,440 65 30 30
Edo 1,945 1,095 855 0 0 0
Ewe 845 470 375 0 0 0
Gabonese 1,405 660 750 0 0 0
Gambian 975 495 475 10 0 0
Ghanaian 35,495 17,720 17,770 270 135 130
Guinean 7,240 3,785 3,455 30 25 0
Ibo 5,315 2,850 2,470 55 20 35
Ivorian 10,935 5,485 5,450 25 10 15
Liberian 2,485 1,130 1,360 0 0 0
Malian 4,490 2,280 2,210 0 0 0
Malinké 1,125 585 535 45 25 25
Nigerian 51,835 27,025 24,805 205 90 115
Peulh 2,435 1,270 1,170 0 0 0
Senegalese 10,175 5,500 4,670 20 0 10
Sierra Leonean 2,620 1,330 1,295 0 0 0
Togolese 5,300 2,870 2,430 10 0 0
Wolof 840 495 345 0 0 0
Yoruba 9,585 5,075 4,515 60 25 30
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 117 15,380 7,940 7,445 40 25 10
North African origins 355,045 185,775 169,270 2,485 1,255 1,230
Algerian 67,335 34,755 32,580 45 0 30
Berber 37,060 19,685 17,375 0 10 0
Coptic 3,535 1,860 1,680 210 105 105
Dinka 900 500 400 0 0 0
Egyptian 99,140 51,730 47,410 1,915 995 920
Libyan 7,740 4,135 3,605 35 20 20
Maure 1,190 655 535 0 0 0
Moroccan 103,940 54,005 49,945 200 80 120
Sudanese 19,960 10,315 9,645 115 45 65
Tunisian 25,645 13,985 11,665 35 20 10
North African origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 118 6,115 3,320 2,795 10 0 0
Southern and East African origins 260,145 128,325 131,815 2,215 1,115 1,095
Afrikaner 1,870 955 915 35 15 20
Amhara 1,530 815 715 0 0 0
Bantu, n.o.s.Census data footnote 119 3,965 2,175 1,785 0 0 0
Burundian 10,990 5,405 5,580 30 15 15
Djiboutian 1,710 790 920 0 0 0
Eritrean 25,255 12,830 12,430 55 25 30
Ethiopian 44,065 21,680 22,385 320 180 145
Harari 665 355 305 50 25 25
Kenyan 10,915 5,230 5,685 160 75 85
Malagasy 4,500 2,175 2,325 0 0 0
Mauritian 9,325 4,655 4,665 235 145 90
Oromo 3,350 1,745 1,605 15 10 10
Rwandan 10,775 5,065 5,705 0 0 0
Seychellois 1,285 575 710 0 0 0
Somali 62,550 30,215 32,330 215 105 115
South African 41,375 20,575 20,800 690 335 355
Tanzanian 4,710 2,400 2,310 145 85 65
Tigrian 2,155 1,160 995 0 0 0
Ugandan 5,705 2,875 2,830 55 30 30
Zambian 1,860 935 920 0 0 0
Zimbabwean 8,090 3,975 4,110 65 30 30
Zulu 945 475 475 0 0 10
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 120 17,305 8,445 8,860 280 125 150
Other African origins 239,560 116,400 123,165 2,030 930 1,100
Black, n.o.s.Census data footnote 121 30,385 14,015 16,370 300 125 175
Other African origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 122 212,005 103,790 108,215 1,755 820 930
Asian origins 6,095,235 2,958,120 3,137,115 242,105 117,750 124,355
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins 1,011,145 518,170 492,980 15,735 7,875 7,860
Afghan 83,995 42,320 41,675 1,430 715 720
Arab, n.o.s.Census data footnote 123 111,400 58,930 52,475 560 280 280
Armenian 63,810 31,505 32,305 1,860 945 925
Assyrian 13,835 7,115 6,720 55 25 30
Azerbaijani 6,425 3,230 3,200 220 115 100
Georgian 4,775 2,430 2,345 85 65 15
Hazara 1,515 810 705 50 25 20
Iranian 210,405 106,565 103,840 8,120 4,115 4,000
Iraqi 70,925 35,965 34,955 640 290 350
Israeli 28,735 15,065 13,675 360 150 210
Jordanian 14,250 7,520 6,735 70 45 20
Kazakh 3,330 1,615 1,710 10 10 0
Kurd 16,315 8,810 7,515 100 55 40
Kuwaiti 2,235 1,185 1,055 0 0 0
Kyrgyz 1,060 510 550 10 10 0
Lebanese 219,555 112,970 106,590 1,185 540 645
Palestinian 44,820 23,900 20,920 345 170 180
Pashtun 4,810 2,565 2,245 65 35 30
Saudi Arabian 6,810 3,935 2,880 30 20 10
Syrian 77,045 38,445 38,600 255 100 155
Tajik 2,905 1,410 1,495 95 45 50
Tatar 4,825 2,155 2,670 45 25 15
Turk 63,955 32,855 31,100 655 375 275
Turkmen 1,040 540 500 0 0 0
Uighur 1,555 775 785 0 0 0
Uzbek 3,920 1,920 2,000 60 40 25
Yemeni 6,645 3,335 3,305 165 95 70
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 124 25,280 13,180 12,100 260 130 130
South Asian origins 1,963,330 993,595 969,735 58,880 29,255 29,620
Bangladeshi 45,940 23,645 22,300 320 165 150
Bengali 22,900 11,730 11,180 250 115 135
Bhutanese 3,600 1,765 1,835 0 0 0
East Indian 1,374,710 694,990 679,720 33,070 16,350 16,720
Goan 6,070 2,915 3,155 290 140 155
Gujarati 8,350 4,305 4,050 330 135 200
Kashmiri 3,115 1,605 1,510 50 40 15
Nepali 17,140 8,715 8,420 80 40 35
Pakistani 215,555 110,420 105,140 5,720 2,960 2,770
Punjabi 118,400 61,155 57,240 1,030 520 515
Sinhalese 7,285 3,605 3,685 245 150 95
Sri Lankan 152,595 75,010 77,585 14,340 6,995 7,350
Tamil 48,670 24,845 23,825 5,780 3,025 2,755
South Asian origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 125 76,400 38,815 37,585 2,905 1,465 1,445
East and Southeast Asian origins 3,163,360 1,467,205 1,696,155 169,040 81,355 87,685
Burmese 9,335 4,535 4,795 150 55 95
Cambodian (Khmer) 38,490 18,515 19,980 75 25 45
Chinese 1,769,195 836,150 933,045 152,090 73,745 78,350
Filipino 837,130 369,105 468,025 10,265 4,500 5,765
Hmong 805 420 390 15 10 10
Indonesian 21,390 9,950 11,440 475 250 225
Japanese 121,485 53,415 68,070 1,575 750 825
Karen 4,510 2,275 2,240 0 0 0
Korean 198,210 93,680 104,525 4,840 2,405 2,435
Laotian 24,580 12,190 12,390 105 50 50
Malaysian 16,920 7,735 9,185 505 255 250
Mongolian 7,480 3,560 3,915 70 35 35
Singaporean 2,850 1,325 1,520 135 65 70
Taiwanese 36,510 16,570 19,945 1,045 505 540
Thai 19,010 7,330 11,680 135 50 85
Tibetan 8,040 4,055 3,985 15 0 10
Vietnamese 240,615 115,935 124,680 2,970 1,340 1,630
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 126 6,500 3,150 3,355 200 115 95
Other Asian origins 22,745 11,280 11,460 485 250 240
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 127 22,740 11,280 11,460 490 250 240
Oceania origins 85,470 43,030 42,440 230 135 100
Australian 42,315 21,710 20,605 115 65 50
New Zealander 15,395 8,065 7,330 60 35 25
Pacific Islands origins 29,485 14,240 15,250 55 30 20
Fijian 19,375 9,280 10,090 30 20 10
Hawaiian 3,295 1,500 1,795 0 0 0
Maori 2,500 1,310 1,195 0 0 0
Polynesian, n.o.s.Census data footnote 128 1,530 725 805 0 0 0
Samoan 1,100 625 475 0 0 0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 129 2,335 1,145 1,185 20 10 10
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 130 14,072,075 ... ... 102,680 ... ...
Owner 9,541,320 ... ... 88,395 ... ...
Renter 4,474,530 ... ... 14,285 ... ...
Band housing 56,230 ... ... 0 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 131 14,072,075 ... ... 102,675 ... ...
Condominium 1,874,840 ... ... 17,770 ... ...
Not condominium 12,197,240 ... ... 84,905 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 132 14,072,080 ... ... 102,675 ... ...
No bedrooms 93,345 ... ... 150 ... ...
1 bedroom 1,925,015 ... ... 7,765 ... ...
2 bedrooms 3,547,090 ... ... 11,400 ... ...
3 bedrooms 4,836,485 ... ... 29,560 ... ...
4 or more bedrooms 3,670,145 ... ... 53,800 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 133 14,072,075 ... ... 102,680 ... ...
1 to 4 rooms 4,068,915 ... ... 21,185 ... ...
5 rooms 2,177,045 ... ... 14,310 ... ...
6 rooms 1,981,585 ... ... 15,685 ... ...
7 rooms 1,790,180 ... ... 15,005 ... ...
8 or more rooms 4,054,355 ... ... 36,495 ... ...
Average number of rooms per dwelling 6.2 ... ... 6.7 ... ...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 134 14,072,080 ... ... 102,675 ... ...
One person or fewer per room 13,802,060 ... ... 98,575 ... ...
More than 1 person per room 270,020 ... ... 4,100 ... ...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 135 14,072,075 ... ... 102,675 ... ...
Suitable 13,376,345 ... ... 95,655 ... ...
Not suitable 695,730 ... ... 7,020 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 136 14,072,080 ... ... 102,680 ... ...
1960 or before 3,126,380 ... ... 2,800 ... ...
1961 to 1980 4,185,510 ... ... 18,030 ... ...
1981 to 1990 1,977,640 ... ... 20,970 ... ...
1991 to 2000 1,746,390 ... ... 16,365 ... ...
2001 to 2005 976,390 ... ... 16,560 ... ...
2006 to 2010 1,089,750 ... ... 13,900 ... ...
2011 to 2016Census data footnote 137 970,015 ... ... 14,045 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 138 14,072,080 ... ... 102,675 ... ...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed 13,151,600 ... ... 99,875 ... ...
Major repairs needed 920,480 ... ... 2,805 ... ...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 139 14,072,080 ... ... 102,675 ... ...
1 household maintainer 8,324,865 ... ... 51,275 ... ...
2 household maintainers 5,404,800 ... ... 46,120 ... ...
3 or more household maintainers 342,415 ... ... 5,275 ... ...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 140 14,072,080 ... ... 102,675 ... ...
15 to 24 years 437,230 ... ... 1,155 ... ...
25 to 34 years 1,991,685 ... ... 10,400 ... ...
35 to 44 years 2,414,920 ... ... 19,370 ... ...
45 to 54 years 2,862,870 ... ... 26,025 ... ...
55 to 64 years 2,859,315 ... ... 22,840 ... ...
65 to 74 years 2,034,220 ... ... 14,525 ... ...
75 to 84 years 1,084,700 ... ... 6,380 ... ...
85 years and over 387,135 ... ... 1,985 ... ...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 141 13,798,305 ... ... 102,430 ... ...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs 10,472,355 ... ... 67,310 ... ...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs 3,325,950 ... ... 35,115 ... ...
30% to less than 100% 2,861,615 ... ... 28,075 ... ...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data 9,368,330 ... ... 88,390 ... ...
% of owner households with a mortgageCensus data footnote 142 60.7 ... ... 61.6 ... ...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costsCensus data footnote 141 16.6 ... ... 31.2 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)Census data footnote 143 1,130 ... ... 1,682 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)Census data footnote 143 1,313 ... ... 1,785 ... ...
Median value of dwellings ($)Census data footnote 144 341,556 ... ... 802,349 ... ...
Average value of dwellings ($)Census data footnote 144 443,058 ... ... 893,165 ... ...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data 4,452,850 ... ... 14,275 ... ...
% of tenant households in subsidized housingCensus data footnote 145 13.0 ... ... 7.5 ... ...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costsCensus data footnote 141 40.0 ... ... 53.2 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)Census data footnote 143 910 ... ... 1,459 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)Census data footnote 143 1,002 ... ... 1,436 ... ...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 146 28,643,015 13,990,435 14,652,580 272,050 131,175 140,875
No certificate, diploma or degree 5,239,575 2,667,995 2,571,585 45,325 20,535 24,790
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificateCensus data footnote 147 7,576,400 3,686,630 3,889,770 71,590 34,335 37,255
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 15,827,040 7,635,805 8,191,230 155,140 76,310 78,830
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 2,800,260 1,906,610 893,650 7,795 4,930 2,875
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of QualificationCensus data footnote 148 1,549,880 880,365 669,515 4,455 2,520 1,935
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of QualificationCensus data footnote 149 1,250,385 1,026,250 224,140 3,345 2,405 940
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma 5,553,825 2,326,940 3,226,890 41,685 18,695 22,990
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level 813,335 331,940 481,395 8,245 3,995 4,255
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above 6,659,615 3,070,315 3,589,300 97,405 48,700 48,705
Bachelor's degree 4,443,835 1,967,905 2,475,935 68,265 32,995 35,270
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 462,295 203,725 258,570 5,300 2,565 2,735
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 190,925 102,530 88,395 2,450 1,215 1,235
Master's degree 1,331,045 651,510 679,535 19,105 10,395 8,710
Earned doctorateCensus data footnote 150 231,510 144,640 86,870 2,285 1,525 760
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 146 18,931,380 9,268,555 9,662,830 180,935 85,690 95,250
No certificate, diploma or degree 2,169,790 1,200,110 969,685 18,840 8,690 10,155
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificateCensus data footnote 147 4,494,585 2,247,020 2,247,565 39,450 18,320 21,130
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 12,267,005 5,821,425 6,445,580 122,640 58,680 63,960
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 2,042,430 1,377,775 664,650 5,000 3,020 1,975
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of QualificationCensus data footnote 148 1,145,035 639,785 505,250 2,915 1,555 1,350
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of QualificationCensus data footnote 149 897,390 737,990 159,405 2,085 1,465 625
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma 4,241,985 1,786,065 2,455,920 32,040 14,125 17,920
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level 580,885 240,040 340,850 6,270 2,885 3,385
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above 5,401,705 2,417,555 2,984,155 79,325 38,650 40,675
Bachelor's degree 3,590,080 1,562,160 2,027,925 54,920 26,000 28,925
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 362,455 151,205 211,250 4,120 1,890 2,230
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 153,290 74,440 78,855 1,930 875 1,050
Master's degree 1,120,190 527,335 592,850 16,530 8,745 7,790
Earned doctorateCensus data footnote 150 175,685 102,415 73,275 1,825 1,145 680
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 151 28,643,015 13,990,430 14,652,585 272,050 131,175 140,875
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeCensus data footnote 152 12,815,980 6,354,625 6,461,350 116,910 54,860 62,050
Education 1,060,095 251,290 808,800 7,610 1,505 6,105
13. Education 1,060,095 251,290 808,805 7,615 1,510 6,105
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 596,230 268,050 328,180 5,480 2,345 3,135
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services 99,020 72,865 26,150 635 445 190
50. Visual and performing arts 497,210 195,185 302,025 4,845 1,900 2,950
Humanities 850,840 330,490 520,345 8,820 2,815 6,000
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics 98,000 22,100 75,900 1,315 290 1,025
23. English language and literature/letters 178,590 52,785 125,810 2,205 515 1,690
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities 275,525 104,135 171,390 3,100 925 2,180
30A Interdisciplinary humanitiesCensus data footnote 153 4,160 1,640 2,520 25 15 10
38. Philosophy and religious studies 51,930 30,185 21,750 370 185 185
39. Theology and religious vocations 77,490 46,285 31,200 655 410 240
54. History 111,465 59,965 51,500 895 445 450
55. French language and literature/letters 53,680 13,400 40,290 250 35 215
Social and behavioural sciences and law 1,761,900 586,455 1,175,445 18,415 6,895 11,520
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies 24,685 5,660 19,025 160 20 135
09. Communication, journalism and related programs 182,275 68,030 114,245 1,530 630 900
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences 324,660 26,065 298,595 2,315 245 2,070
22. Legal professions and studies 289,600 102,660 186,945 2,565 1,040 1,525
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciencesCensus data footnote 154 35,445 8,150 27,295 270 50 220
42. Psychology 281,470 71,230 210,230 2,525 625 1,900
45. Social sciences 623,775 304,660 319,110 9,045 4,290 4,760
Business, management and public administration 3,360,045 1,272,475 2,087,565 44,215 19,520 24,695
30.16 Accounting and computer science 6,190 1,850 4,340 95 45 55
44. Public administration and social service professions 237,835 48,815 189,015 1,435 315 1,120
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services 3,116,025 1,221,805 1,894,215 42,680 19,160 23,520
Physical and life sciences and technologies 614,280 315,665 298,615 8,695 4,065 4,630
26. Biological and biomedical sciences 249,955 105,560 144,400 3,390 1,410 1,975
30.01 Biological and physical sciences 125,600 61,685 63,915 2,515 1,095 1,420
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciencesCensus data footnote 155 28,155 12,625 15,530 195 65 135
40. Physical sciences 179,305 122,815 56,485 2,330 1,410 920
41. Science technologies/technicians 31,270 12,980 18,290 270 90 180
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 651,480 420,370 231,110 13,370 8,885 4,485
11. Computer and information sciences and support services 514,685 356,435 158,250 10,395 7,245 3,150
25. Library science 40,820 6,495 34,320 205 35 170
27. Mathematics and statistics 86,655 50,930 35,725 2,495 1,405 1,090
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciencesCensus data footnote 156 9,325 6,510 2,815 275 200 75
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies 3,327,405 3,022,700 304,700 27,285 23,175 4,110
04. Architecture and related services 114,315 72,880 41,435 1,415 935 480
14. Engineering 752,465 615,880 136,585 15,590 12,560 3,030
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields 620,065 551,855 68,205 4,510 4,070 440
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation 410 85 325 10 0 0
46. Construction trades 702,155 682,710 19,445 1,755 1,715 40
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians 731,135 709,430 21,705 2,830 2,775 55
48. Precision production 406,855 389,850 17,005 1,175 1,115 55
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 339,050 219,040 120,010 1,430 790 640
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences 205,930 127,925 78,005 855 490 360
03. Natural resources and conservation 133,120 91,115 42,005 575 300 280
Health and related fields 2,266,720 441,180 1,825,545 15,470 4,260 11,215
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies 164,295 81,260 83,040 1,355 735 620
51. Health professions and related programs 2,047,680 329,010 1,718,670 13,535 3,225 10,310
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs 54,740 30,910 23,830 585 300 285
Personal, protective and transportation services 995,825 507,200 488,630 4,325 2,050 2,275
12. Personal and culinary services 565,555 151,530 414,025 2,960 955 2,005
28. Military science, leadership and operational art 3,505 3,080 420 10 10 0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences 7,900 7,230 670 45 45 0
43. Security and protective services 206,745 150,540 56,205 785 620 160
49. Transportation and materials moving 212,125 194,810 17,315 530 415 115
Other 3,170 885 2,280 20 0 20
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other 3,170 890 2,280 25 0 25
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 151 18,931,385 9,268,555 9,662,825 180,935 85,685 95,250
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeCensus data footnote 152 6,664,380 3,447,130 3,217,250 58,295 27,005 31,290
Education 727,515 160,315 567,205 5,130 995 4,140
13. Education 727,515 160,315 567,200 5,130 990 4,140
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 467,905 208,365 259,545 4,310 1,820 2,485
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services 74,530 53,995 20,535 500 360 135
50. Visual and performing arts 393,375 154,370 239,005 3,810 1,465 2,350
Humanities 614,815 232,425 382,390 6,620 1,980 4,645
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics 76,540 16,200 60,340 1,045 190 850
23. English language and literature/letters 133,800 38,310 95,485 1,670 350 1,315
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities 191,005 71,770 119,235 2,345 645 1,700
30A Interdisciplinary humanitiesCensus data footnote 153 3,140 1,250 1,895 15 10 0
38. Philosophy and religious studies 37,870 21,930 15,940 275 140 135
39. Theology and religious vocations 52,295 31,200 21,090 505 335 165
54. History 82,565 43,475 39,085 590 275 310
55. French language and literature/letters 37,600 8,285 29,315 185 20 160
Social and behavioural sciences and law 1,417,625 453,100 964,525 14,595 5,245 9,350
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies 20,300 4,595 15,705 130 15 115
09. Communication, journalism and related programs 152,080 56,125 95,955 1,175 460 710
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences 259,845 19,160 240,685 1,770 175 1,595
22. Legal professions and studies 241,170 76,720 164,445 2,050 760 1,295
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciencesCensus data footnote 154 27,310 6,390 20,920 195 40 155
42. Psychology 218,470 51,570 166,900 1,880 410 1,465
45. Social sciences 498,450 238,540 259,915 7,395 3,385 4,010
Business, management and public administration 2,696,770 1,000,895 1,695,875 36,400 15,140 21,260
30.16 Accounting and computer science 4,955 1,480 3,475 90 40 55
44. Public administration and social service professions 192,190 36,890 155,305 1,110 210 900
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services 2,499,625 962,530 1,537,095 35,200 14,890 20,310
Physical and life sciences and technologies 449,870 222,120 227,755 6,390 2,860 3,530
26. Biological and biomedical sciences 195,830 79,945 115,880 2,440 960 1,480
30.01 Biological and physical sciences 89,205 42,265 46,945 1,910 805 1,110
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciencesCensus data footnote 155 9,280 3,850 5,430 155 50 100
40. Physical sciences 132,935 87,025 45,905 1,675 985 685
41. Science technologies/technicians 22,625 9,035 13,590 210 60 160
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 567,415 368,840 198,575 12,235 8,125 4,105
11. Computer and information sciences and support services 464,000 321,805 142,190 9,745 6,785 2,965
25. Library science 29,955 4,870 25,080 160 35 130
27. Mathematics and statistics 65,620 36,895 28,725 2,095 1,150 945
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciencesCensus data footnote 156 7,840 5,270 2,575 235 155 75
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies 2,532,555 2,271,735 260,820 20,950 17,370 3,580
04. Architecture and related services 93,135 57,280 35,850 1,060 660 400
14. Engineering 612,265 490,980 121,285 12,715 10,005 2,715
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields 475,045 418,595 56,450 3,180 2,835 350
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation 350 70 275 0 0 0
46. Construction trades 515,630 499,670 15,960 1,195 1,165 30
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians 540,800 523,425 17,375 2,025 1,985 40
48. Precision production 295,335 281,715 13,620 775 720 50
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 269,445 167,680 101,770 1,105 570 530
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences 159,975 94,680 65,295 640 335 300
03. Natural resources and conservation 109,470 73,000 36,470 465 235 225
Health and related fields 1,749,545 342,395 1,407,145 11,675 3,140 8,535
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies 129,560 63,315 66,245 970 510 465
51. Health professions and related programs 1,576,945 256,895 1,320,050 10,275 2,420 7,850
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs 43,040 22,185 20,860 430 210 225
Personal, protective and transportation services 770,950 392,820 378,135 3,220 1,440 1,780
12. Personal and culinary services 431,415 114,395 317,025 2,305 705 1,595
28. Military science, leadership and operational art 2,725 2,355 375 0 0 0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences 4,425 3,975 445 25 25 0
43. Security and protective services 162,995 116,750 46,240 525 415 105
49. Transportation and materials moving 169,400 155,340 14,050 365 285 75
Other 2,590 745 1,845 15 0 15
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other 2,585 740 1,845 15 0 15
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 157 28,643,015 13,990,435 14,652,585 272,050 131,175 140,880
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 12,815,975 6,354,625 6,461,350 116,910 54,860 62,050
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeCensus data footnote 158 15,827,040 7,635,805 8,191,235 155,140 76,310 78,825
Location of study inside Canada 13,117,190 6,299,305 6,817,890 99,450 48,960 50,490
Same as province or territory of residence 11,519,215 5,503,640 6,015,575 92,700 45,470 47,225
Different than province or territory of residence 1,597,975 795,655 802,315 6,750 3,495 3,260
Location of study outside CanadaCensus data footnote 159 2,709,850 1,336,505 1,373,345 55,690 27,350 28,340
United StatesCensus data footnote 160 349,540 189,995 159,545 4,555 2,610 1,945
Philippines 298,830 109,820 189,020 3,635 1,180 2,460
India 281,415 142,410 138,995 6,490 3,195 3,300
United KingdomCensus data footnote 161 232,035 131,050 100,980 3,590 2,070 1,525
ChinaCensus data footnote 162 205,375 94,690 110,685 13,830 6,645 7,190
France 88,860 50,400 38,455 220 125 95
Other 1,253,790 618,135 635,655 23,365 11,530 11,830
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 157 18,931,380 9,268,555 9,662,830 180,930 85,685 95,250
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 6,664,380 3,447,125 3,217,250 58,295 27,005 31,290
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeCensus data footnote 158 12,267,005 5,821,430 6,445,575 122,640 58,680 63,960
Location of study inside Canada 10,134,590 4,807,045 5,327,545 79,335 38,495 40,835
Same as province or territory of residence 8,918,160 4,207,495 4,710,665 74,070 35,780 38,290
Different than province or territory of residence 1,216,425 599,545 616,875 5,265 2,710 2,550
Location of study outside CanadaCensus data footnote 159 2,132,415 1,014,385 1,118,030 43,305 20,190 23,120
United StatesCensus data footnote 160 254,245 131,955 122,290 3,655 2,010 1,645
Philippines 263,095 96,025 167,065 2,800 830 1,970
India 239,535 117,445 122,090 5,175 2,430 2,750
United KingdomCensus data footnote 161 133,655 73,575 60,085 2,235 1,245 990
ChinaCensus data footnote 162 175,825 79,635 96,190 11,750 5,520 6,230
France 72,920 40,610 32,310 175 95 80
Other 993,135 475,145 517,990 17,510 8,055 9,455
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 163 28,643,020 13,990,430 14,652,585 272,050 131,175 140,875
In the labour force 18,672,475 9,731,830 8,940,645 172,130 89,745 82,385
Employed 17,230,040 8,923,540 8,306,490 159,640 83,580 76,060
Unemployed 1,442,435 808,285 634,150 12,495 6,165 6,330
Not in the labour force 9,970,545 4,258,605 5,711,945 99,920 41,430 58,490
Participation rate 65.2 69.6 61.0 63.3 68.4 58.5
Employment rate 60.2 63.8 56.7 58.7 63.7 54.0
Unemployment rate 7.7 8.3 7.1 7.3 6.9 7.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 164 28,643,020 13,990,430 14,652,580 272,050 131,170 140,880
Did not workCensus data footnote 165 9,282,005 3,930,570 5,351,440 95,585 39,590 56,005
Worked 19,361,010 10,059,865 9,301,150 176,465 91,585 84,875
Worked full year, full timeCensus data footnote 166 9,626,010 5,402,110 4,223,895 89,930 50,180 39,750
Worked part year and/or part timeCensus data footnote 167 9,735,005 4,657,755 5,077,245 86,530 41,405 45,125
Average weeks worked in reference year 42.4 42.9 42.0 42.4 43.1 41.6
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 168 18,672,470 9,731,825 8,940,640 172,135 89,745 82,390
Class of worker - not applicableCensus data footnote 169 404,350 197,705 206,640 4,850 2,205 2,645
All classes of workersCensus data footnote 170 18,268,125 9,534,120 8,734,000 167,285 87,535 79,750
Employee 16,073,685 8,158,745 7,914,940 143,110 71,835 71,270
Self-employedCensus data footnote 171 2,194,440 1,375,380 819,060 24,180 15,705 8,475
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 172 18,672,470 9,731,830 8,940,645 172,135 89,745 82,385
Occupation - not applicableCensus data footnote 169 404,350 197,710 206,640 4,850 2,205 2,640
All occupationsCensus data footnote 170 18,268,120 9,534,120 8,734,005 167,290 87,540 79,750
0 Management occupations 2,013,370 1,251,165 762,205 21,920 13,885 8,030
1 Business, finance and administration occupations 2,874,305 862,870 2,011,440 33,775 11,945 21,835
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations 1,273,660 990,560 283,105 19,980 15,270 4,700
3 Health occupations 1,245,885 244,730 1,001,155 9,030 2,475 6,555
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services 2,138,445 672,945 1,465,495 16,190 4,910 11,280
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport 557,275 255,705 301,570 5,215 2,610 2,610
6 Sales and service occupations 4,265,895 1,843,510 2,422,390 40,005 19,820 20,190
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations 2,668,875 2,504,290 164,585 12,595 11,665 930
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations 416,135 331,920 84,215 915 760 155
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities 814,285 576,435 237,845 7,660 4,195 3,470
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 173 18,672,475 9,731,830 8,940,640 172,135 89,745 82,390
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicableCensus data footnote 169 404,350 197,710 206,640 4,850 2,205 2,640
All industry categoriesCensus data footnote 170 18,268,125 9,534,120 8,734,000 167,285 87,535 79,745
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 444,680 310,000 134,675 295 165 125
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction 271,300 219,880 51,420 210 145 65
22 Utilities 136,350 100,135 36,210 910 615 300
23 Construction 1,365,010 1,196,550 168,455 7,135 6,040 1,095
31-33 Manufacturing 1,596,570 1,149,745 446,820 15,160 9,450 5,715
41 Wholesale trade 665,685 451,230 214,455 9,675 6,085 3,590
44-45 Retail trade 2,110,200 984,090 1,126,115 18,830 9,595 9,235
48-49 Transportation and warehousing 876,050 656,375 219,670 5,635 4,120 1,515
51 Information and cultural industries 420,350 243,650 176,705 5,495 3,220 2,275
52 Finance and insurance 790,580 327,865 462,715 17,555 8,510 9,050
53 Real estate and rental and leasing 333,305 184,350 148,955 5,460 3,015 2,450
54 Professional, scientific and technical services 1,335,125 740,520 594,605 20,615 12,055 8,565
55 Management of companies and enterprises 28,795 12,795 16,000 430 180 245
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services 802,420 462,825 339,590 7,040 3,915 3,125
61 Educational services 1,346,585 420,845 925,735 11,650 3,735 7,915
62 Health care and social assistance 2,138,025 383,755 1,754,270 14,060 3,185 10,880
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation 379,740 192,875 186,865 2,530 1,450 1,080
72 Accommodation and food services 1,283,725 535,210 748,515 12,035 6,345 5,695
81 Other services (except public administration) 814,695 371,880 442,815 6,930 2,915 4,015
91 Public administration 1,128,945 589,530 539,405 5,610 2,805 2,815
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 174 17,230,035 8,923,540 8,306,495 159,635 83,575 76,060
Worked at home 1,272,285 639,500 632,785 13,310 6,845 6,465
Worked outside Canada 78,815 54,235 24,580 1,760 1,230 535
No fixed workplace address 1,987,260 1,487,445 499,820 16,670 11,660 5,010
Worked at usual place 13,891,675 6,742,360 7,149,315 127,895 63,845 64,050
Commuting destinationThe letter C inside a yellow triangle - correctionUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data 13,891,680 6,742,365 7,149,315 127,895 63,845 64,050
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence 8,102,115 3,723,115 4,379,005 40,260 18,625 21,635
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence 2,906,390 1,435,640 1,470,750 18,160 9,420 8,740
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence 2,725,205 1,492,170 1,233,030 69,170 35,630 33,535
Commute to a different province or territory 157,970 91,445 66,525 305 170 135
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 175 15,878,940 8,229,810 7,649,135 144,565 75,505 69,065
Car, truck, van - as a driver 11,748,095 6,380,120 5,367,975 105,735 59,670 46,065
Car, truck, van - as a passenger 868,920 349,855 519,065 10,665 3,230 7,435
Public transit 1,968,215 846,735 1,121,485 23,520 10,545 12,980
Walked 877,985 392,950 485,030 3,060 1,220 1,835
Bicycle 222,130 146,615 75,515 465 315 145
Other method 193,595 113,525 80,060 1,125 525 600
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 176 15,878,945 8,229,810 7,649,130 144,565 75,505 69,060
Less than 15 minutes 4,449,920 2,071,365 2,378,555 18,125 8,130 9,995
15 to 29 minutes 5,314,295 2,725,165 2,589,130 41,675 20,540 21,130
30 to 44 minutes 3,228,845 1,782,680 1,446,165 37,695 20,835 16,855
45 to 59 minutes 1,391,060 768,115 622,940 17,775 10,080 7,695
60 minutes and over 1,494,830 882,485 612,345 29,295 15,920 13,380
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 177 15,878,940 8,229,810 7,649,135 144,565 75,505 69,060
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m. 1,073,680 781,230 292,455 5,155 3,595 1,560
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m. 2,814,750 1,754,045 1,060,710 18,365 10,565 7,800
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m. 4,458,835 2,217,210 2,241,620 37,930 18,995 18,930
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m. 3,349,975 1,408,710 1,941,265 36,450 18,215 18,230
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m. 1,756,265 752,940 1,003,325 29,660 15,210 14,450
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m. 2,425,435 1,315,670 1,109,765 17,010 8,920 8,090
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 178 19,956,255 10,342,970 9,613,285 183,015 94,770 88,250
Single responses 19,365,980 10,042,855 9,323,130 175,420 91,235 84,185
Official languages 19,090,545 9,897,470 9,193,075 157,265 81,690 75,575
English 15,265,335 7,952,010 7,313,320 156,870 81,595 75,270
French 3,825,215 1,945,465 1,879,750 405 95 305
Non-official languages 275,430 145,380 130,055 18,155 9,545 8,605
Aboriginal languages 24,950 12,385 12,565 0 0 0
Algonquian languages 14,440 7,370 7,070 0 0 0
Blackfoot 80 45 35 0 0 0
Cree-Montagnais languages 11,540 5,820 5,720 0 0 0
Atikamekw 1,095 580 515 0 0 0
Montagnais (Innu) 2,055 970 1,085 0 0 0
Moose Cree 0 0 0 0 0 0
Naskapi 370 180 190 0 0 0
Northern East Cree 40 25 10 0 0 0
Plains Cree 95 60 35 0 0 0
Southern East Cree 0 0 0 0 0 0
Swampy Cree 15 10 0 0 0 0
Woods Cree 75 35 40 0 0 0
Cree, n.o.s. 7,795 3,965 3,835 0 0 0
Eastern Algonquian languages 925 510 420 0 0 0
Malecite 10 0 10 0 0 0
Mi'kmaq 915 505 410 0 0 0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 1,895 995 900 0 0 0
Algonquin 45 20 25 0 0 0
Ojibway 765 380 385 0 0 0
Oji-Cree 1,080 595 485 0 0 0
Ottawa (Odawa) 0 10 0 0 0 0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages 1,140 530 610 0 0 0
Northern Athabaskan languages 1,135 525 610 0 0 0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en) 0 0 0 0 0 0
Beaver 0 0 0 0 0 0
Carrier 20 0 15 0 0 0
Chilcotin 20 0 10 0 0 0
Dene 770 360 405 0 0 0
Dogrib (Tlicho) 165 80 80 0 0 0
Gwich'in 10 10 10 0 0 0
Sarsi (Sarcee) 0 10 0 0 0 0
Sekani 0 0 0 0 0 0
Slavey-Hare languages 135 65 70 0 0 0
North Slavey (Hare) 95 45 45 0 0 0
South Slavey 35 20 20 0 0 0
Slavey, n.o.s. 10 10 0 0 0 0
Tahltan languages 10 10 10 0 0 0
Kaska (Nahani) 10 0 0 0 0 0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tutchone languages 0 0 10 0 0 0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 10 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0
Haida 10 0 10 0 0 0
Inuit languages 8,845 4,255 4,595 0 0 0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 35 10 25 0 0 0
Inuktitut 8,800 4,240 4,555 0 0 0
Inuit languages, n.i.e. 15 10 10 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages 35 10 30 0 0 0
Cayuga 10 0 0 0 0 0
Mohawk 35 10 25 0 0 0
Oneida 0 0 0 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kutenai 0 0 0 0 0 0
Michif 10 0 0 0 0 0
Salish languages 110 25 85 0 0 0
Comox 0 0 0 0 0 0
Halkomelem 15 10 10 0 0 0
Lillooet 15 10 10 0 0 0
Okanagan 20 10 20 0 0 0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin) 35 0 30 0 0 0
Squamish 0 0 0 0 0 0
Straits 15 0 15 0 0 0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux) 0 0 10 0 0 0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 10 0 0 0 0 0
Siouan languages 260 155 105 0 0 0
Dakota 20 10 10 0 0 0
Stoney 240 145 95 0 0 0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tlingit 10 10 10 0 0 0
Tsimshian languages 25 0 20 0 0 0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 10 10 10 0 0 0
Nisga'a 10 10 0 0 0 0
Tsimshian 0 0 10 0 0 0
Wakashan languages 35 15 20 0 0 0
Haisla 0 0 0 0 0 0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala) 15 10 10 0 0 0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 10 10 10 0 0 0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s. 30 15 15 0 0 0
Non-Aboriginal languages 250,485 132,990 117,490 18,155 9,545 8,610
Afro-Asiatic languages 7,380 4,530 2,850 30 10 25
Berber languages 35 10 30 0 0 0
Kabyle 20 0 20 0 0 0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 15 10 15 0 0 0
Cushitic languages 275 105 170 0 0 0
Bilen 10 10 10 0 0 0
Oromo 45 25 20 0 0 0
Somali 220 80 145 0 0 0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0
Semitic languages 7,065 4,420 2,650 30 10 25
Amharic 200 95 100 0 0 0
Arabic 5,585 3,695 1,890 15 10 10
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 205 155 55 0 0 0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 30 20 15 0 0 0
Harari 0 0 0 0 0 0
Hebrew 825 335 490 10 0 10
Maltese 25 15 10 0 0 0
Tigrigna 135 70 60 0 0 0
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 65 35 30 0 0 0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e. 10 0 10 0 0 0
Austro-Asiatic languages 8,550 3,790 4,760 25 10 15
Khmer (Cambodian) 475 230 245 0 0 0
Vietnamese 8,070 3,560 4,510 25 10 15
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 0 0 0 0 0 0
Austronesian languages 3,850 1,750 2,095 25 15 10
Bikol 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cebuano 75 20 55 0 0 0
Fijian 0 0 0 0 0 0
Hiligaynon 25 0 15 0 0 0
Ilocano 110 50 60 10 10 0
Malagasy 0 0 0 0 0 0
Malay 140 75 65 0 0 0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 10 0 10 0 0 0
Pangasinan 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 3,450 1,580 1,875 20 10 15
Waray-Waray 0 0 0 0 0 0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 40 25 15 0 0 0
Creole languages 350 125 225 0 10 0
Haitian Creole 25 10 15 0 0 0
Creole, n.o.s. 315 110 200 10 0 0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 15 0 10 0 0 0
Dravidian languages 2,225 1,060 1,165 290 135 155
Kannada 0 0 0 0 0 0
Malayalam 90 50 45 0 0 0
Tamil 2,090 1,005 1,080 290 130 160
Telugu 45 10 35 0 0 0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0
Hmong-Mien languages 10 10 0 0 0 0
Indo-European languages 85,550 47,305 38,245 590 315 275
Albanian 350 220 125 0 0 0
Armenian 450 220 230 0 0 10
Balto-Slavic languages 10,075 4,745 5,330 70 40 35
Baltic languages 95 35 60 0 0 0
Latvian 40 10 25 0 0 0
Lithuanian 60 25 30 0 0 0
Slavic languages 9,980 4,710 5,270 75 35 35
Belarusan 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bosnian 155 90 65 0 0 0
Bulgarian 205 110 90 0 0 0
Croatian 220 130 95 0 0 0
Czech 70 40 30 0 0 0
Macedonian 95 45 55 10 0 10
Polish 2,500 1,265 1,235 0 0 0
Russian 4,850 2,135 2,720 70 40 30
Serbian 530 320 210 0 0 0
Serbo-Croatian 30 25 0 0 0 0
Slovak 100 60 40 0 0 0
Slovene (Slovenian) 15 0 10 0 0 0
Ukrainian 1,210 485 725 0 0 0
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 10 10 0 0 0 0
Celtic languages 25 20 10 0 0 0
Scottish Gaelic 15 15 0 0 0 0
Welsh 0 0 0 0 0 0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 10 10 10 0 0 0
Germanic languages 13,285 7,455 5,835 25 0 20
Afrikaans 85 40 40 0 0 0
Danish 90 50 35 10 0 10
Dutch 1,165 630 540 10 0 0
Frisian 40 25 15 0 0 0
German 10,065 5,715 4,345 10 0 15
Icelandic 0 10 0 0 0 0
Norwegian 65 30 40 0 0 0
Swedish 125 55 70 0 0 0
Vlaams (Flemish) 35 20 15 0 0 0
Yiddish 895 390 505 0 0 0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 720 495 225 0 0 0
Greek 1,020 545 475 10 10 0
Indo-Iranian languages 37,330 21,140 16,190 425 235 190
Indo-Aryan languages 32,485 18,125 14,360 210 95 115
Bengali 530 275 245 0 0 0
Gujarati 880 300 585 50 20 35
Hindi 1,405 755 650 20 10 10
Kashmiri 0 0 0 0 0 0
Konkani 10 0 0 0 0 0
Marathi 30 15 15 10 0 10
Nepali 195 95 100 0 0 0
Oriya (Odia) 0 0 0 0 0 0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 27,870 15,945 11,920 90 45 45
Sindhi 35 10 30 10 10 10
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 40 25 20 0 0 0
Urdu 1,495 705 790 25 10 15
Iranian languages 4,820 3,000 1,815 210 135 75
Kurdish 185 150 40 0 0 0
Pashto 50 20 25 0 0 0
Persian (Farsi) 4,580 2,830 1,750 210 135 75
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 20 10 15 0 0 10
Italic (Romance) languages 23,025 12,965 10,060 55 35 15
Catalan 30 10 20 0 0 0
Italian 1,705 895 805 0 10 0
Portuguese 7,490 4,795 2,695 0 0 0
Romanian 745 365 380 0 0 0
Spanish 13,030 6,885 6,145 40 25 10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 25 10 10 0 0 0
Japanese 3,255 1,195 2,065 15 10 10
Kartvelian languages 30 10 20 0 0 0
Georgian 30 10 20 0 0 0
Korean 12,150 6,260 5,885 255 120 135
Mongolic languages 10 10 0 0 0 0
Mongolian 10 0 10 0 0 0
Niger-Congo languages 235 120 115 0 0 0
Akan (Twi) 25 10 20 0 0 0
Bamanankan 10 0 0 0 0 0
Edo 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ewe 0 0 0 0 0 0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ga 10 0 0 0 0 0
Ganda 20 10 10 0 0 0
Igbo 10 10 0 0 0 0
Lingala 10 0 10 0 0 0
Rundi (Kirundi) 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 25 0 15 0 0 0
Shona 0 0 0 0 0 0
Swahili 80 50 30 0 0 0
Wolof 10 0 10 0 0 0
Yoruba 15 0 15 0 0 0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 30 20 0 0 0 0
Nilo-Saharan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dinka 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sign languages 1,920 740 1,180 0 10 0
American Sign Language 1,145 340 810 0 0 0
Quebec Sign Language 135 15 115 0 0 0
Sign languages, n.i.e 640 390 255 0 0 0
Sino-Tibetan languages 122,880 65,030 57,850 16,895 8,925 7,970
Chinese languages 122,610 64,880 57,730 16,900 8,930 7,970
Cantonese 58,815 30,485 28,340 9,545 4,955 4,590
Hakka 70 25 45 15 0 15
Mandarin 60,090 32,430 27,665 7,060 3,825 3,235
Min Dong 25 15 10 0 0 0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 565 335 225 75 45 25
Wu (Shanghainese) 105 65 45 10 0 10
Chinese, n.o.s. 2,930 1,530 1,405 190 85 105
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tibeto-Burman languages 270 155 115 0 0 0
Burmese 75 35 35 0 0 0
Karenic languages 135 75 55 0 0 0
Tibetan 50 30 20 0 0 0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 15 10 10 0 0 0
Tai-Kadai languages 675 270 405 0 0 0
Lao 150 70 80 0 0 0
Thai 525 205 325 0 0 0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e 0 0 0 0 0 0
Turkic languages 750 475 275 10 0 10
Azerbaijani 30 20 0 0 0 0
Turkish 685 435 255 10 0 10
Uyghur 15 15 0 0 0 0
Uzbek 15 10 0 0 0 0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0
Uralic languages 595 270 325 0 0 0
Estonian 50 15 40 0 0 0
Finnish 105 40 65 0 0 0
Hungarian 435 225 215 0 0 0
Uralic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0
Other languages, n.i.e. 80 45 35 0 0 0
Multiple responses 590,270 300,115 290,155 7,600 3,530 4,065
English and French 412,680 211,095 201,585 700 280 415
English and non-official language 154,285 77,870 76,420 6,840 3,225 3,615
French and non-official language 7,830 3,595 4,235 10 10 10
English, French and non-official language 15,475 7,565 7,915 50 20 30
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 179 19,956,250 10,342,970 9,613,290 183,015 94,770 88,250
None 17,456,725 9,056,235 8,400,490 158,210 82,610 75,600
English 1,259,225 661,460 597,765 6,560 3,260 3,300
French 705,780 349,035 356,745 1,300 550 750
Non-official language 496,565 257,455 239,105 16,470 8,140 8,330
Aboriginal 37,615 17,215 20,400 0 0 0
Non-Aboriginal 458,945 240,245 218,710 16,470 8,140 8,325
English and French 2,535 1,200 1,335 0 0 0
English and non-official language 18,040 8,765 9,280 405 175 230
French and non-official language 17,265 8,730 8,540 70 25 45
English, French and non-official language 115 90 30 0 0 0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 180 34,091,785 16,783,745 17,308,035 324,405 158,190 166,210
Non-movers 29,644,795 14,593,190 15,051,605 290,195 141,600 148,600
Movers 4,446,990 2,190,555 2,256,435 34,205 16,590 17,615
Non-migrants 2,623,515 1,292,750 1,330,760 19,415 9,365 10,050
Migrants 1,823,475 897,805 925,670 14,790 7,225 7,565
Internal migrants 1,451,005 713,060 737,945 9,140 4,495 4,650
Intraprovincial migrants 1,189,525 580,895 608,630 8,290 4,100 4,190
Interprovincial migrants 261,475 132,160 129,315 860 400 460
External migrants 372,475 184,745 187,730 5,645 2,730 2,915
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 181 32,568,560 16,004,315 16,564,245 310,325 150,890 159,435
Non-movers 20,134,760 9,902,645 10,232,115 200,440 97,975 102,465
Movers 12,433,805 6,101,675 6,332,130 109,885 52,915 56,965
Non-migrants 6,755,630 3,314,730 3,440,905 57,580 27,840 29,740
Migrants 5,678,175 2,786,945 2,891,230 52,305 25,075 27,230
Internal migrants 4,296,720 2,104,325 2,192,395 31,370 15,370 16,000
Intraprovincial migrants 3,467,670 1,689,950 1,777,720 29,130 14,330 14,800
Interprovincial migrants 829,045 414,375 414,670 2,235 1,040 1,195
External migrants 1,381,460 682,625 698,835 20,940 9,710 11,230

Source

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Canada [Country] and Markham, CY [Census subdivision], Ontario (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 15, 2024).

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