Census Profile, 2016 Census
Canada [Country] and Peel, Regional municipality [Census division], Ontario

The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).

Characteristic	Canada [Country]			Peel, RM Ontario [Census division]
	Data quality , Canada [Country]  Map : Canada [Country] Change geography 1			Data quality : Peel, Regional municipality [Census division], Ontario  Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016Census data footnote 1	35,151,728	...	...	1,381,739	...	...
Population, 2011Census data footnote 1	33,476,688	...	...	1,296,809r	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	5.0	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total private dwellingsCensus data footnote 2	15,412,443	...	...	443,918	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residentsCensus data footnote 3	14,072,079	...	...	430,180	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	3.9	...	...	1,108.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	8,965,588.85	...	...	1,246.95	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% dataCensus data footnote 4	35,151,730	17,264,200	17,887,530	1,381,740	678,700	703,040
0 to 14 years	5,839,565	2,992,920	2,846,645	253,525	130,595	122,930
0 to 4 years	1,898,790	973,030	925,760	76,315	39,040	37,275
5 to 9 years	2,018,130	1,034,685	983,445	87,260	44,865	42,400
10 to 14 years	1,922,645	985,200	937,445	89,945	46,690	43,260
15 to 64 years	23,376,530	11,576,130	11,800,400	951,395	466,930	484,470
15 to 19 years	2,026,160	1,039,215	986,940	97,155	50,810	46,340
20 to 24 years	2,242,690	1,144,495	1,098,200	100,655	52,375	48,280
25 to 29 years	2,285,990	1,144,470	1,141,515	90,540	45,250	45,295
30 to 34 years	2,329,395	1,148,290	1,181,110	91,240	43,370	47,870
35 to 39 years	2,288,365	1,118,635	1,169,730	93,395	43,135	50,260
40 to 44 years	2,255,135	1,104,440	1,150,695	96,990	45,595	51,395
45 to 49 years	2,359,965	1,157,760	1,202,210	103,465	49,675	53,790
50 to 54 years	2,678,075	1,318,755	1,359,320	108,240	53,440	54,795
55 to 59 years	2,620,240	1,285,190	1,335,055	94,150	46,560	47,595
60 to 64 years	2,290,510	1,114,885	1,175,630	75,560	36,720	38,845
65 years and over	5,935,630	2,695,150	3,240,485	176,820	81,175	95,640
65 to 69 years	1,972,480	953,075	1,019,405	62,410	29,810	32,600
70 to 74 years	1,420,875	677,975	742,900	43,800	20,835	22,965
75 to 79 years	1,021,850	469,550	552,300	31,105	14,480	16,625
80 to 84 years	749,650	325,765	423,880	20,830	9,205	11,625
85 years and over	770,780	268,790	501,990	18,665	6,845	11,825
85 to 89 years	482,525	185,535	296,990	12,110	4,885	7,225
90 to 94 years	223,510	68,675	154,835	5,145	1,620	3,530
95 to 99 years	56,525	13,240	43,280	1,215	295	920
100 years and over	8,230	1,340	6,890	200	45	150
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.6	17.3	15.9	18.3	19.2	17.5
15 to 64 years	66.5	67.1	66.0	68.9	68.8	68.9
65 years and over	16.9	15.6	18.1	12.8	12.0	13.6
85 years and over	2.2	1.6	2.8	1.4	1.0	1.7
Average age of the population	41.0	40.1	41.9	38.3	37.5	39.1
Median age of the population	41.2	40.2	42.2	38.1	37.0	39.1
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% dataCensus data footnote 5	14,072,080	...	...	430,180	...	...
Single-detached house	7,541,495	...	...	196,060	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,391,040	...	...	80,780	...	...
Other attached dwellingCensus data footnote 6	4,949,795	...	...	152,970	...	...
Semi-detached house	698,800	...	...	51,040	...	...
Row house	891,305	...	...	56,145	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	784,300	...	...	19,695	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,539,390	...	...	25,965	...	...
Other single-attached house	36,005	...	...	115	...	...
Movable dwellingCensus data footnote 7	189,755	...	...	370	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% dataCensus data footnote 8	14,072,080	...	...	430,180	...	...
1 person	3,969,790	...	...	68,345	...	...
2 persons	4,834,605	...	...	104,345	...	...
3 persons	2,140,640	...	...	81,820	...	...
4 persons	1,946,275	...	...	94,060	...	...
5 or more persons	1,180,770	...	...	81,615	...	...
Number of persons in private households	34,460,060	...	...	1,372,645	...	...
Average household size	2.4	...	...	3.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% dataCensus data footnote 9	29,312,160	14,271,280	15,040,885	1,128,210	548,105	580,110
Married or living common law	16,893,720	8,452,135	8,441,585	661,470	330,300	331,170
Married	13,383,455	6,693,465	6,689,990	613,325	306,245	307,075
Living common law	3,510,265	1,758,670	1,751,590	48,145	24,050	24,095
Not married and not living common law	12,418,440	5,819,140	6,599,300	466,745	217,805	248,940
Never married	8,254,340	4,444,425	3,809,915	335,565	178,520	157,045
Separated	718,295	309,905	408,400	28,025	10,895	17,130
Divorced	1,816,005	725,535	1,090,470	51,760	18,650	33,110
Widowed	1,629,800	339,280	1,290,525	51,395	9,740	41,655
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% dataCensus data footnote 10	9,840,730	...	...	386,185	...	...
2 persons	5,007,790	...	...	141,600	...	...
3 persons	2,107,830	...	...	95,025	...	...
4 persons	1,909,935	...	...	104,930	...	...
5 or more persons	815,170	...	...	44,630	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 11	9,840,730	...	...	386,185	...	...
Total couple families	8,227,925	...	...	320,520	...	...
Married couples	6,474,005	...	...	296,475	...	...
Common-law couples	1,753,920	...	...	24,045	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	1,612,805	...	...	65,660	...	...
Female parent	1,262,340	...	...	53,940	...	...
Male parent	350,465	...	...	11,725	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	8,227,925	...	...	320,520	...	...
Couples without children	4,024,305	...	...	104,775	...	...
Couples with children	4,203,615	...	...	215,750	...	...
1 child	1,650,165	...	...	75,015	...	...
2 children	1,783,080	...	...	98,465	...	...
3 or more children	770,375	...	...	42,270	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	1,612,805	...	...	65,665	...	...
1 child	983,485	...	...	36,825	...	...
2 children	457,670	...	...	20,005	...	...
3 or more children	171,655	...	...	8,830	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	6,107,260	2,941,395	3,165,865	148,295	67,280	81,015
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% dataCensus data footnote 12	14,072,075	...	...	430,180	...	...
One-census-family households	9,218,225	...	...	316,910	...	...
Without children in a census familyCensus data footnote 13	3,782,095	...	...	78,440	...	...
With children in a census familyCensus data footnote 14	5,436,135	...	...	238,470	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	301,715	...	...	32,910	...	...
Non-census-family households	4,552,135	...	...	80,360	...	...
One-person households	3,969,790	...	...	68,345	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	582,350	...	...	12,015	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% dataCensus data footnote 15	34,767,255	17,101,170	17,666,080	1,375,800	676,520	699,280
English only	23,757,525	11,838,075	11,919,455	1,233,210	618,475	614,730
French only	4,144,685	1,925,845	2,218,840	1,155	490	660
English and French	6,216,065	3,071,325	3,144,740	86,395	37,055	49,345
Neither English nor French	648,970	265,920	383,045	55,040	20,500	34,535
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% dataCensus data footnote 16	34,767,250	17,101,165	17,666,085	1,375,800	676,520	699,280
English	26,007,500	12,852,330	13,155,165	1,295,375	644,520	650,855
French	7,705,755	3,780,105	3,925,650	13,760	6,225	7,535
English and French	417,485	209,130	208,355	12,440	5,670	6,770
Neither English nor French	636,515	259,600	376,910	54,225	20,100	34,120
Official language minority (number)Census data footnote 17	7,914,495	3,884,670	4,029,825	19,980	9,060	10,915
Official language minority (percentage)Census data footnote 17	22.8	22.7	22.8	1.5	1.3	1.6
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% dataCensus data footnote 18	34,767,255	17,101,170	17,666,085	1,375,800	676,520	699,280
Single responses	33,948,620	16,702,840	17,245,775	1,305,305	641,785	663,520
Official languages	26,627,555	13,201,620	13,425,940	674,495	335,195	339,305
English	19,460,850	9,680,125	9,780,725	662,455	329,710	332,745
French	7,166,705	3,521,495	3,645,215	12,040	5,480	6,560
Non-official languages	7,321,065	3,501,220	3,819,840	630,810	306,595	324,215
Aboriginal languages	195,700	94,795	100,900	70	35	35
Algonquian languages	130,450	62,930	67,520	30	10	20
Blackfoot	2,815	1,325	1,490	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	88,445	42,920	45,530	10	10	5
Atikamekw	6,150	3,135	3,015	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	10,230	4,885	5,350	0	0	0
Moose Cree	100	50	55	0	0	0
Naskapi	1,205	590	620	0	5	0
Northern East Cree	315	125	190	0	5	0
Plains Cree	3,065	1,360	1,710	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	45	20	25	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	1,440	585	850	5	0	0
Woods Cree	1,840	865	975	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	64,050	31,305	32,745	5	5	5
Eastern Algonquian languages	6,990	3,310	3,680	5	0	5
Malecite	305	140	160	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	6,690	3,170	3,520	5	0	5
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	32,150	15,350	16,800	10	5	5
Algonquin	1,260	590	670	0	0	0
Ojibway	17,890	8,440	9,450	5	5	5
Oji-Cree	12,855	6,260	6,595	5	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	150	65	85	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	45	25	20	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	17,365	8,325	9,045	5	0	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	17,315	8,310	9,010	5	0	5
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	110	55	60	0	0	0
Beaver	190	85	105	0	0	0
Carrier	1,025	465	565	0	0	0
Chilcotin	660	295	360	0	0	0
Dene	10,700	5,185	5,515	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	1,645	840	815	5	0	5
Gwich'in	260	110	145	0	0	5
Sarsi (Sarcee)	80	25	50	0	0	0
Sekani	90	45	45	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	1,995	950	1,045	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	765	365	400	0	0	0
South Slavey	945	455	495	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	280	130	150	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	270	135	140	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	180	90	90	0	0	0
Tahltan	95	40	50	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	290	120	170	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	215	90	135	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	70	30	40	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	50	20	35	0	0	0
Haida	75	35	40	0	0	0
Inuit languages	36,545	18,100	18,445	10	15	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	1,025	445	575	0	0	0
Inuktitut	35,215	17,530	17,680	15	10	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	315	125	185	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	1,115	485	635	5	0	5
Cayuga	45	20	20	0	0	0
Mohawk	980	430	555	5	0	0
Oneida	55	20	40	5	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	0	0	0
Kutenai	105	55	55	0	0	0
Michif	465	230	235	0	0	0
Salish languages	2,305	1,130	1,180	0	0	0
Comox	80	45	40	0	0	0
Halkomelem	475	225	245	0	0	0
Lillooet	315	155	155	0	0	0
Okanagan	270	135	135	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	445	225	220	0	0	0
Squamish	40	20	20	0	0	0
Straits	80	40	40	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	335	150	185	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	255	135	125	0	0	0
Siouan languages	4,285	2,070	2,220	0	0	0
Dakota	1,215	570	635	0	0	0
Stoney	3,025	1,465	1,555	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	0	0	0
Tlingit	95	40	55	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	1,480	730	755	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	880	435	445	0	0	0
Nisga'a	400	200	200	0	0	0
Tsimshian	200	90	110	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	805	370	435	0	0	0
Haisla	90	40	50	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	95	40	55	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	325	145	185	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	285	135	140	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	585	295	295	15	5	10
Non-Aboriginal languages	7,125,365	3,406,425	3,718,945	630,745	306,560	324,180
Afro-Asiatic languages	575,365	298,060	277,300	42,455	21,365	21,085
Berber languages	22,135	11,865	10,270	55	30	25
Kabyle	13,150	6,995	6,155	35	20	20
Berber languages, n.i.e.	8,985	4,865	4,115	20	10	5
Cushitic languages	42,885	20,095	22,790	1,500	645	855
Bilen	805	455	350	0	0	5
Oromo	4,960	2,560	2,400	85	40	45
Somali	36,755	16,895	19,865	1,400	600	795
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	365	195	170	10	5	10
Semitic languages	509,190	265,465	243,725	40,765	20,625	20,140
Amharic	22,465	10,720	11,745	625	300	325
Arabic	419,890	220,785	199,105	34,310	17,435	16,875
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	16,070	7,910	8,160	3,115	1,545	1,570
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5,545	2,780	2,770	505	245	260
Harari	1,320	635	685	65	30	35
Hebrew	19,530	10,480	9,045	105	70	35
Maltese	5,565	2,765	2,800	1,390	680	710
Tigrigna	16,650	8,310	8,340	345	165	175
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	2,155	1,085	1,070	315	165	150
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	1,155	635	520	130	55	75
Austro-Asiatic languages	176,725	81,810	94,920	15,015	7,015	8,000
Khmer (Cambodian)	20,130	9,270	10,860	320	140	180
Vietnamese	156,425	72,470	83,955	14,655	6,860	7,800
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	170	65	100	35	15	25
Austronesian languages	511,480	211,580	299,900	35,515	14,970	20,540
Bikol	1,790	790	1,000	95	45	50
Cebuano	19,890	7,930	11,960	1,000	430	565
Fijian	745	400	345	20	10	10
Hiligaynon	6,885	2,680	4,205	365	135	225
Ilocano	26,345	10,620	15,720	1,165	480	680
Malagasy	1,430	665	760	10	5	5
Malay	12,275	5,255	7,020	1,305	585	715
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	4,040	1,865	2,175	380	180	195
Pangasinan	1,390	590	800	80	40	40
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	431,380	178,575	252,810	30,895	12,960	17,935
Waray-Waray	1,110	430	675	65	30	35
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	4,195	1,770	2,425	145	70	80
Creole languages	72,125	32,310	39,820	1,640	815	825
Haitian Creole	3,030	1,445	1,590	25	15	15
Creole, n.o.s.	64,105	28,455	35,660	1,000	510	490
Creole languages, n.i.e.	4,985	2,410	2,575	615	290	325
Dravidian languages	189,405	94,765	94,640	33,080	16,325	16,755
Kannada	3,970	2,040	1,935	955	455	500
Malayalam	28,570	14,770	13,800	5,595	2,800	2,795
Tamil	140,720	69,080	71,640	22,780	11,115	11,665
Telugu	15,655	8,640	7,020	3,615	1,885	1,730
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	490	240	250	135	70	65
Hmong-Mien languages	795	395	405	5	0	0
Indo-European languages	3,877,330	1,889,400	1,987,930	432,875	213,370	219,500
Albanian	26,890	13,610	13,285	2,670	1,360	1,310
Armenian	33,455	16,270	17,185	750	380	370
Balto-Slavic languages	701,975	323,640	378,340	64,830	30,625	34,205
Baltic languages	12,530	5,315	7,215	830	355	480
Latvian	5,455	2,350	3,105	190	85	105
Lithuanian	7,075	2,965	4,115	640	270	370
Slavic languages	689,450	318,325	371,115	64,000	30,265	33,730
Belarusan	810	385	430	35	15	20
Bosnian	12,210	6,035	6,180	1,295	645	655
Bulgarian	20,025	9,675	10,345	1,330	665	665
Croatian	48,200	23,540	24,665	6,340	3,140	3,205
Czech	22,290	10,525	11,765	950	445	500
Macedonian	16,775	8,050	8,725	1,630	785	845
Polish	181,710	82,435	99,275	32,095	14,975	17,120
Russian	188,255	85,400	102,855	5,820	2,625	3,205
Serbian	57,350	28,535	28,815	4,485	2,215	2,265
Serbo-Croatian	9,555	4,565	4,985	580	285	300
Slovak	17,580	8,075	9,510	1,050	490	560
Slovene (Slovenian)	9,790	4,415	5,370	1,120	525	590
Ukrainian	102,485	45,440	57,040	7,150	3,395	3,755
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	2,415	1,255	1,165	115	60	55
Celtic languages	2,690	1,335	1,360	65	20	40
Scottish Gaelic	1,090	540	550	35	10	20
Welsh	1,075	495	575	15	5	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	530	295	235	15	5	10
Germanic languages	538,765	258,410	280,350	7,660	3,370	4,285
Afrikaans	10,265	5,115	5,145	115	50	65
Danish	12,630	6,245	6,390	290	130	160
Dutch	99,020	48,200	50,820	1,810	785	1,025
Frisian	2,100	1,095	1,005	45	10	30
German	384,035	183,215	200,820	5,130	2,285	2,845
Icelandic	1,285	600	685	5	0	0
Norwegian	4,615	2,170	2,445	45	20	25
Swedish	6,840	3,015	3,825	150	60	90
Vlaams (Flemish)	3,895	1,730	2,165	60	20	35
Yiddish	13,555	6,750	6,800	15	10	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	525	280	240	10	5	5
Greek	106,525	53,350	53,170	3,420	1,705	1,715
Indo-Iranian languages	1,312,750	664,120	648,630	269,670	135,850	133,825
Indo-Aryan languages	1,064,760	538,530	526,235	258,345	130,115	128,230
Bengali	73,125	37,410	35,720	6,455	3,205	3,250
Gujarati	108,780	55,105	53,670	24,705	12,275	12,425
Hindi	110,640	55,880	54,765	24,185	11,975	12,210
Kashmiri	565	300	265	110	60	55
Konkani	3,330	1,625	1,710	1,055	500	555
Marathi	8,295	4,300	3,995	2,015	1,010	1,005
Nepali	18,275	9,230	9,045	1,895	945	945
Oriya (Odia)	1,055	560	495	210	110	100
Punjabi (Panjabi)	501,680	253,515	248,160	134,460	68,250	66,215
Sindhi	11,860	5,605	6,260	1,535	755	785
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	16,335	8,050	8,285	2,770	1,350	1,420
Urdu	210,815	106,960	103,860	58,955	29,695	29,265
Iranian languages	242,805	122,835	119,970	10,705	5,420	5,285
Kurdish	11,705	6,345	5,355	305	185	120
Pashto	16,910	8,760	8,145	1,835	940	900
Persian (Farsi)	214,200	107,725	106,470	8,565	4,300	4,265
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5,180	2,755	2,425	620	310	305
Italic (Romance) languages	1,154,270	558,660	595,615	83,815	40,065	43,750
Catalan	865	440	425	10	5	5
Italian	375,635	184,415	191,220	24,420	12,155	12,265
Portuguese	221,540	106,630	114,910	27,685	13,215	14,465
Romanian	96,665	46,195	50,470	3,600	1,705	1,900
Spanish	458,850	220,605	238,245	28,075	12,970	15,110
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	720	380	340	35	20	15
Japanese	43,640	14,790	28,855	1,050	395	650
Kartvelian languages	1,715	910	805	40	25	20
Georgian	1,715	910	805	40	25	20
Korean	153,425	70,310	83,115	5,210	2,455	2,760
Mongolic languages	1,575	690	885	35	15	15
Mongolian	1,575	690	880	30	15	15
Niger-Congo languages	91,375	45,075	46,305	7,645	3,565	4,080
Akan (Twi)	13,455	6,490	6,970	3,425	1,595	1,835
Bamanankan	1,535	815	720	5	0	5
Edo	1,670	770	900	260	110	155
Ewe	1,760	950	805	130	55	70
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	2,825	1,495	1,335	30	15	15
Ga	920	445	470	185	85	100
Ganda	1,295	625	665	95	40	50
Igbo	4,235	2,265	1,970	550	280	270
Lingala	3,810	1,785	2,025	55	25	30
Rundi (Kirundi)	5,845	2,785	3,060	75	30	45
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5,250	2,355	2,895	65	25	40
Shona	3,180	1,520	1,665	170	85	90
Swahili	13,370	6,385	6,990	560	250	310
Wolof	3,990	2,170	1,820	30	15	20
Yoruba	9,085	4,785	4,300	1,295	640	655
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	19,135	9,435	9,695	705	315	390
Nilo-Saharan languages	5,870	3,025	2,845	70	40	25
Dinka	2,120	1,115	1,000	5	5	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	3,755	1,910	1,840	60	35	25
Sign languages	7,500	3,925	3,575	285	145	135
American Sign Language	2,685	1,320	1,360	90	50	40
Quebec Sign Language	695	340	355	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	4,120	2,265	1,860	195	100	95
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,269,215	589,570	679,645	49,980	23,310	26,670
Chinese languages	1,253,360	581,650	671,715	49,500	23,075	26,420
Cantonese	565,270	262,865	302,405	19,885	9,240	10,650
Hakka	10,910	4,900	6,015	470	220	255
Mandarin	592,040	274,630	317,410	25,860	12,120	13,735
Min Dong	1,230	580	650	35	20	20
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	31,795	14,450	17,350	1,460	655	800
Wu (Shanghainese)	12,915	5,780	7,140	625	280	350
Chinese, n.o.s.	38,580	18,165	20,410	1,140	535	605
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	610	275	335	20	15	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	15,850	7,925	7,935	485	240	245
Burmese	3,585	1,795	1,790	200	90	105
Karenic languages	4,705	2,355	2,350	10	5	5
Tibetan	6,165	3,080	3,080	190	95	95
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	1,400	695	705	80	50	40
Tai-Kadai languages	22,010	8,870	13,145	880	360	515
Lao	12,670	6,145	6,525	640	300	345
Thai	9,255	2,690	6,565	235	60	170
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	80	35	55	5	0	0
Turkic languages	40,140	21,120	19,025	1,850	935	915
Azerbaijani	3,260	1,785	1,470	75	35	40
Turkish	32,815	17,375	15,440	1,610	820	790
Uyghur	1,035	510	525	85	40	40
Uzbek	1,715	855	865	45	25	25
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	1,315	590	720	35	20	20
Uralic languages	81,985	37,790	44,195	2,890	1,330	1,560
Estonian	5,445	2,325	3,115	215	100	115
Finnish	15,295	6,395	8,900	225	90	135
Hungarian	61,235	29,060	32,175	2,450	1,135	1,310
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	3,690	2,045	1,645	240	120	120
Multiple responses	818,635	398,325	420,305	70,495	34,735	35,765
English and French	165,320	80,460	84,860	3,220	1,455	1,765
English and non-official language	533,265	259,160	274,100	64,105	31,895	32,210
French and non-official language	86,150	42,170	43,985	1,315	565	750
English, French and non-official language	33,900	16,535	17,365	1,855	820	1,040
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% dataCensus data footnote 19	34,767,250	17,101,165	17,666,085	1,375,800	676,520	699,280
Single responses	33,103,860	16,298,475	16,805,395	1,202,795	591,040	611,760
Official languages	29,106,670	14,383,020	14,723,645	843,850	416,880	426,970
English	22,162,865	10,966,135	11,196,730	838,125	414,210	423,915
French	6,943,800	3,416,890	3,526,910	5,725	2,670	3,055
Non-official languages	3,997,195	1,915,450	2,081,750	358,950	174,155	184,790
Aboriginal languages	118,470	59,720	58,750	30	15	15
Algonquian languages	75,080	37,825	37,260	15	5	10
Blackfoot	1,115	555	555	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	55,825	28,135	27,685	5	5	5
Atikamekw	5,465	2,825	2,640	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	8,590	4,195	4,395	0	0	0
Moose Cree	10	5	5	0	0	0
Naskapi	1,200	595	605	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	110	55	60	0	0	0
Plains Cree	1,350	665	685	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	20	5	15	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	330	140	190	0	0	0
Woods Cree	800	410	390	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	37,945	19,240	18,710	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	3,615	1,795	1,820	5	0	5
Malecite	55	30	30	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	3,560	1,770	1,795	5	0	5
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	14,525	7,335	7,190	0	0	5
Algonquin	370	170	200	0	0	0
Ojibway	6,175	3,165	3,015	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	7,900	3,960	3,940	5	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	75	40	35	5	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	5	0	5
Athabaskan languages	10,265	5,125	5,135	5	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10,255	5,120	5,135	5	5	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Beaver	50	30	20	0	0	0
Carrier	245	115	130	0	0	0
Chilcotin	255	125	130	0	0	0
Dene	7,710	3,805	3,905	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	1,020	550	475	0	0	0
Gwich'in	45	25	25	5	5	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sekani	15	10	5	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	820	425	395	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	340	180	155	0	0	0
South Slavey	370	190	185	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	105	55	55	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	25	15	15	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	25	10	10	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	5	5	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	30	15	15	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	25	15	10	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	10	0	5	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0	0	0
Haida	10	5	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	29,490	14,995	14,495	10	10	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	165	75	90	0	0	0
Inuktitut	29,230	14,885	14,345	10	5	5
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	90	40	55	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	285	135	155	0	0	0
Cayuga	10	0	5	0	0	0
Mohawk	255	115	140	0	0	0
Oneida	15	5	10	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Kutenai	15	10	5	0	0	0
Michif	85	40	45	0	0	0
Salish languages	285	130	150	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	45	20	25	0	0	0
Lillooet	25	15	10	0	0	0
Okanagan	85	35	45	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	55	30	20	0	0	0
Squamish	5	0	5	0	0	0
Straits	20	10	15	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages	2,225	1,085	1,140	0	0	0
Dakota	255	140	120	0	0	0
Stoney	1,950	940	1,010	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0	0	0
Tlingit	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	410	210	190	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	315	155	155	0	0	0
Nisga'a	70	40	30	0	0	0
Tsimshian	25	15	15	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	75	45	35	0	0	0
Haisla	20	10	15	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	5	5	5	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	30	15	15	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	235	110	125	5	5	5
Non-Aboriginal languages	3,878,725	1,855,730	2,022,995	358,920	174,140	184,775
Afro-Asiatic languages	307,755	153,275	154,480	22,740	11,135	11,605
Berber languages	8,105	4,215	3,895	10	5	5
Kabyle	5,490	2,855	2,640	5	5	5
Berber languages, n.i.e.	2,620	1,365	1,260	5	0	0
Cushitic languages	27,095	12,455	14,640	665	295	370
Bilen	620	330	285	0	0	0
Oromo	3,410	1,700	1,710	30	15	15
Somali	22,895	10,340	12,555	630	280	350
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	185	85	95	5	0	0
Semitic languages	272,100	136,390	135,720	22,000	10,800	11,200
Amharic	12,780	6,010	6,770	250	115	130
Arabic	223,540	112,690	110,850	18,915	9,320	9,600
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10,510	5,090	5,425	1,870	915	955
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	3,445	1,695	1,750	270	130	140
Harari	735	335	400	25	15	15
Hebrew	8,560	4,425	4,135	30	15	15
Maltese	1,130	525	605	330	150	180
Tigrigna	10,205	5,040	5,170	140	65	75
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	1,200	585	620	175	90	90
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	440	215	230	65	25	40
Austro-Asiatic languages	115,210	53,500	61,710	10,090	4,700	5,385
Khmer (Cambodian)	10,880	4,940	5,945	145	70	80
Vietnamese	104,245	48,525	55,725	9,925	4,625	5,300
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	85	40	45	20	10	10
Austronesian languages	239,785	108,110	131,680	14,735	6,645	8,090
Bikol	290	140	155	0	0	0
Cebuano	7,210	3,325	3,880	345	165	180
Fijian	195	105	90	5	0	0
Hiligaynon	2,205	970	1,240	95	40	55
Ilocano	9,125	4,045	5,080	375	170	205
Malagasy	435	220	210	5	0	0
Malay	3,620	1,710	1,910	475	225	250
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	1,200	565	630	125	60	65
Pangasinan	240	110	135	15	5	5
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	213,790	96,235	117,555	13,275	5,965	7,310
Waray-Waray	310	135	170	10	5	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	1,160	545	620	25	10	10
Creole languages	27,860	12,005	15,850	930	460	470
Haitian Creole	1,280	575	705	10	5	5
Creole, n.o.s.	24,575	10,510	14,060	650	330	320
Creole languages, n.i.e.	2,005	920	1,085	270	120	145
Dravidian languages	122,490	59,780	62,710	20,320	9,880	10,445
Kannada	1,630	825	800	430	215	215
Malayalam	15,440	7,865	7,575	2,905	1,440	1,460
Tamil	96,955	46,570	50,385	14,935	7,155	7,775
Telugu	8,280	4,430	3,850	2,005	1,045	955
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	190	85	105	50	25	25
Hmong-Mien languages	340	160	180	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,911,215	927,225	983,985	244,765	119,955	124,810
Albanian	13,135	6,575	6,560	1,340	670	670
Armenian	21,505	10,165	11,345	315	145	170
Balto-Slavic languages	314,965	149,315	165,650	33,810	16,145	17,670
Baltic languages	3,275	1,400	1,870	265	115	155
Latvian	1,255	530	725	45	20	20
Lithuanian	2,020	870	1,150	220	90	130
Slavic languages	311,690	147,910	163,780	33,550	16,035	17,515
Belarusan	230	105	120	10	5	10
Bosnian	6,045	3,010	3,040	705	345	365
Bulgarian	11,985	5,835	6,150	785	390	395
Croatian	16,775	7,980	8,795	2,495	1,230	1,270
Czech	6,235	3,060	3,180	340	170	170
Macedonian	6,830	3,250	3,580	760	385	375
Polish	74,780	34,910	39,870	17,660	8,375	9,285
Russian	116,595	55,175	61,425	3,610	1,695	1,915
Serbian	31,750	15,665	16,085	2,545	1,240	1,305
Serbo-Croatian	3,885	1,865	2,020	250	120	130
Slovak	5,615	2,685	2,920	330	155	180
Slovene (Slovenian)	2,050	905	1,145	255	120	135
Ukrainian	28,250	13,150	15,100	3,760	1,800	1,960
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	670	310	360	40	20	20
Celtic languages	360	205	155	10	0	5
Scottish Gaelic	185	105	80	5	0	5
Welsh	95	50	45	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	80	50	30	5	0	0
Germanic languages	146,455	71,835	74,615	710	310	395
Afrikaans	4,790	2,355	2,435	25	15	15
Danish	855	410	445	20	10	10
Dutch	9,565	4,630	4,935	105	40	65
Frisian	185	95	90	5	0	5
German	120,335	58,905	61,435	515	225	285
Icelandic	270	120	150	0	0	0
Norwegian	345	145	200	0	0	0
Swedish	1,045	500	545	30	15	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	355	170	185	5	0	5
Yiddish	7,080	3,695	3,385	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	1,625	820	810	0	0	0
Greek	44,545	21,110	23,440	1,070	490	580
Indo-Iranian languages	838,755	416,960	421,795	172,780	86,020	86,760
Indo-Aryan languages	676,185	337,440	338,745	166,310	82,880	83,435
Bengali	47,350	23,585	23,765	3,825	1,855	1,965
Gujarati	64,150	31,740	32,405	14,890	7,255	7,630
Hindi	55,510	27,805	27,710	12,250	6,005	6,250
Kashmiri	135	70	70	20	10	15
Konkani	720	355	370	215	100	115
Marathi	3,780	1,940	1,840	960	490	460
Nepali	13,375	6,710	6,670	1,250	625	625
Oriya (Odia)	470	235	240	100	50	50
Punjabi (Panjabi)	349,145	174,905	174,240	94,880	47,725	47,155
Sindhi	4,975	2,280	2,695	720	355	370
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	7,790	3,860	3,925	1,260	625	635
Urdu	128,785	63,965	64,820	35,935	17,780	18,155
Iranian languages	160,195	78,310	81,880	6,225	3,030	3,195
Kurdish	6,580	3,400	3,175	155	90	65
Pashto	10,590	5,305	5,290	1,015	505	510
Persian (Farsi)	143,020	69,600	73,425	5,055	2,435	2,625
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	2,375	1,215	1,160	240	110	130
Italic (Romance) languages	531,485	251,050	280,440	34,730	16,180	18,555
Catalan	355	165	190	5	5	0
Italian	115,415	49,975	65,440	6,370	2,815	3,555
Portuguese	98,710	46,915	51,795	11,045	5,235	5,810
Romanian	53,320	25,795	27,525	1,685	800	885
Spanish	263,510	128,110	135,400	15,615	7,320	8,300
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	180	85	95	10	10	5
Japanese	19,785	8,265	11,515	570	265	305
Kartvelian languages	1,040	565	475	15	5	10
Georgian	1,035	565	475	15	10	10
Korean	109,705	51,385	58,320	3,545	1,705	1,840
Mongolic languages	910	440	470	15	10	10
Mongolian	910	435	470	10	10	10
Niger-Congo languages	28,665	13,340	15,320	2,615	1,170	1,440
Akan (Twi)	5,990	2,695	3,295	1,480	650	830
Bamanankan	340	180	160	0	0	0
Edo	415	175	240	65	25	45
Ewe	410	185	225	40	20	20
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	825	400	425	5	0	0
Ga	250	105	140	60	30	25
Ganda	345	160	185	35	20	15
Igbo	1,000	485	510	120	60	60
Lingala	1,045	455	590	10	5	5
Rundi (Kirundi)	2,110	990	1,115	10	5	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	1,530	670	865	25	10	15
Shona	1,035	475	560	75	40	35
Swahili	5,370	2,500	2,870	145	60	80
Wolof	1,380	745	635	15	10	10
Yoruba	2,615	1,275	1,340	425	190	240
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	4,010	1,850	2,160	120	60	60
Nilo-Saharan languages	2,650	1,305	1,350	15	5	10
Dinka	1,130	580	550	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	1,525	730	800	15	5	10
Sign languages	10,445	5,870	4,570	460	270	190
American Sign Language	3,015	1,560	1,460	165	90	80
Quebec Sign Language	730	375	355	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	6,690	3,935	2,755	290	175	115
Sino-Tibetan languages	924,720	433,530	491,190	35,715	16,800	18,920
Chinese languages	913,365	427,860	485,505	35,440	16,655	18,780
Cantonese	400,215	184,340	215,885	13,605	6,215	7,390
Hakka	4,080	1,820	2,265	145	70	75
Mandarin	462,890	220,075	242,815	19,955	9,590	10,370
Min Dong	345	150	195	5	0	5
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	13,965	6,345	7,625	625	275	350
Wu (Shanghainese)	7,650	3,580	4,075	395	180	215
Chinese, n.o.s.	23,935	11,440	12,500	685	325	365
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	280	130	150	10	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	11,350	5,670	5,680	280	140	140
Burmese	2,245	1,115	1,125	125	60	60
Karenic languages	3,865	1,935	1,930	0	0	0
Tibetan	4,590	2,305	2,280	140	70	70
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	655	305	345	15	10	10
Tai-Kadai languages	9,565	4,455	5,110	375	175	200
Lao	6,175	2,995	3,180	305	140	160
Thai	3,360	1,450	1,915	70	30	40
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	30	15	15	0	0	0
Turkic languages	22,250	11,205	11,045	990	480	510
Azerbaijani	1,245	640	610	20	10	10
Turkish	18,955	9,525	9,430	875	425	450
Uyghur	610	315	290	60	30	25
Uzbek	990	505	490	25	15	10
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	455	230	225	10	5	10
Uralic languages	23,245	10,715	12,535	940	455	485
Estonian	975	365	610	25	10	10
Finnish	2,790	1,220	1,565	30	10	15
Hungarian	19,485	9,125	10,355	890	430	455
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	1,110	605	500	80	40	45
Multiple responses	1,663,390	802,695	860,690	173,000	85,480	87,520
English and French	160,185	77,940	82,235	3,010	1,340	1,670
English and non-official language	1,284,975	620,375	664,600	166,330	82,540	83,785
French and non-official language	148,915	70,915	78,000	555	255	305
English, French and non-official language	69,315	33,465	35,850	3,105	1,350	1,755
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% dataCensus data footnote 20	34,767,255	17,101,165	17,666,080	1,375,800	676,520	699,280
None	29,615,245	14,612,175	15,003,065	1,023,775	503,270	520,510
English	2,109,340	1,045,215	1,064,120	156,995	79,355	77,635
French	731,095	342,245	388,855	9,505	3,945	5,550
Non-official language	2,151,690	1,023,940	1,127,750	179,135	86,855	92,280
Aboriginal	90,740	42,890	47,850	30	15	15
Non-Aboriginal	2,060,945	981,055	1,079,895	179,105	86,845	92,260
English and French	47,970	23,785	24,190	985	450	535
English and non-official language	61,075	30,045	31,030	3,705	1,895	1,810
French and non-official language	48,755	22,690	26,065	1,655	720	935
English, French and non-official language	2,080	1,075	1,010	50	25	25
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 21	28,642,980	13,990,620	14,652,355	1,119,400	544,795	574,605
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	27,488,530	13,444,335	14,044,190	1,053,150	513,510	539,635
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,204	40,782	28,860	30,715	35,812	26,687
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	27,499,185	13,449,010	14,050,175	1,053,315	513,545	539,775
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,866	35,933	26,621	28,405	32,554	25,077
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	24,583,315	12,296,595	12,286,725	927,385	467,335	460,050
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,762	39,925	26,613	31,381	36,866	26,509
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	19,743,240	8,755,815	10,987,430	757,275	333,870	423,410
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	5,453	4,199	6,136	2,169	917	3,855
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	20,428,685	10,547,760	9,880,925	805,200	415,990	389,210
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,684	39,836	28,474	33,467	38,017	29,520
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 22	28,643,015	13,990,430	14,652,585	1,119,400	544,800	574,605
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	27,489,395	13,441,555	14,047,845	1,053,655	513,720	539,935
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	47,487	56,740	38,632	42,651	49,339	36,287
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	27,500,230	13,446,230	14,053,995	1,053,850	513,760	540,085
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,977	45,404	32,828	35,665	40,372	31,187
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	24,584,065	12,295,015	12,289,055	927,480	467,585	459,890
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,885	56,803	36,962	43,405	50,495	36,196
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	19,742,130	8,752,070	10,990,060	756,500	333,300	423,195
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,738	7,345	8,050	6,189	5,207	6,962
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	20,428,670	10,542,540	9,886,130	805,200	416,420	388,785
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,057	54,369	37,193	44,132	50,326	37,498
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 23	28,643,015	13,990,430	14,652,585	1,119,400	544,795	574,605
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 24	9,367,045	5,231,015	4,136,035	384,710	216,620	168,090
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)Census data footnote 25	53,431	59,326	47,420	52,426	56,821	47,980
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)Census data footnote 26	65,997	74,289	55,510	63,269	68,999	55,885
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% dataCensus data footnote 27	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)Census data footnote 28	88.3	91.6	83.7	89.6	93.1	85.0
Employment income (%)Census data footnote 29	72.0	75.2	67.7	78.9	82.4	74.4
Government transfers (%)Census data footnote 30	11.7	8.4	16.3	10.4	6.9	15.0
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 31	28,642,980	13,990,620	14,652,360	1,119,405	544,795	574,605
Without total income	1,154,450	546,285	608,165	66,255	31,285	34,970
With total income	27,488,530	13,444,335	14,044,195	1,053,145	513,515	539,635
Percentage with total income	96.0	96.1	95.8	94.1	94.3	93.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,877,620	1,668,960	2,208,655	191,530	84,220	107,310
$10,000 to $19,999	4,680,380	1,867,600	2,812,785	188,635	79,650	108,985
$20,000 to $29,999	3,807,840	1,593,335	2,214,505	137,135	61,305	75,830
$30,000 to $39,999	3,206,175	1,472,670	1,733,510	114,215	53,100	61,115
$40,000 to $49,999	2,827,045	1,376,565	1,450,480	100,860	47,700	53,155
$50,000 to $59,999	2,179,775	1,145,685	1,034,090	79,600	40,600	38,995
$60,000 to $69,999	1,655,070	938,755	716,310	60,400	33,500	26,905
$70,000 to $79,999	1,271,850	745,830	526,015	45,660	27,005	18,660
$80,000 to $89,999	966,885	579,290	387,590	34,805	20,950	13,855
$90,000 to $99,999	749,290	452,240	297,050	28,145	16,175	11,965
$100,000 and over	2,266,600	1,603,400	663,195	72,155	49,295	22,865
$100,000 to $149,999	1,493,570	1,024,210	469,365	49,845	33,120	16,725
$150,000 and over	773,025	579,190	193,830	22,320	16,175	6,140
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 32	28,642,980	13,990,620	14,652,360	1,119,405	544,795	574,605
Without after-tax income	1,143,795	541,620	602,175	66,085	31,250	34,830
With after-tax income	27,499,185	13,449,010	14,050,175	1,053,315	513,545	539,775
Percentage with after-tax income	96.0	96.1	95.9	94.1	94.3	93.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,004,475	1,706,825	2,297,645	194,025	85,005	109,020
$10,000 to $19,999	4,905,055	1,972,920	2,932,130	196,450	83,480	112,965
$20,000 to $29,999	4,489,925	1,926,175	2,563,755	158,705	71,470	87,235
$30,000 to $39,999	3,924,960	1,870,705	2,054,250	136,280	64,335	71,950
$40,000 to $49,999	3,144,200	1,619,670	1,524,525	116,675	57,980	58,695
$50,000 to $59,999	2,209,280	1,245,570	963,705	81,700	45,025	36,675
$60,000 to $69,999	1,540,300	912,230	628,065	56,405	33,620	22,785
$70,000 to $79,999	1,076,180	654,570	421,610	40,930	24,045	16,885
$80,000 and over	2,204,820	1,540,335	664,485	72,150	48,595	23,560
$80,000 to $89,999	688,705	444,550	244,145	25,200	15,585	9,610
$90,000 to $99,999	420,975	291,090	129,885	14,375	9,730	4,645
$100,000 and over	1,095,140	804,690	290,445	32,580	23,275	9,300
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 33	28,642,980	13,990,625	14,652,360	1,119,400	544,795	574,605
Without employment income	8,214,295	3,442,860	4,771,430	314,200	128,805	185,395
With employment income	20,428,690	10,547,760	9,880,925	805,200	415,990	389,210
Percentage with employment income	71.3	75.4	67.4	71.9	76.4	67.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,778,990	1,357,430	1,421,560	98,205	46,060	52,145
$5,000 to $9,999	1,602,140	697,025	905,120	67,295	29,650	37,640
$10,000 to $19,999	2,736,010	1,212,855	1,523,155	113,910	54,995	58,915
$20,000 to $29,999	2,293,785	1,022,090	1,271,695	91,845	43,775	48,070
$30,000 to $39,999	2,149,860	1,001,065	1,148,795	86,550	41,105	45,445
$40,000 to $49,999	1,928,565	946,625	981,940	79,515	38,590	40,925
$50,000 to $59,999	1,554,100	839,045	715,055	64,615	34,270	30,350
$60,000 to $69,999	1,220,310	708,270	512,040	49,530	28,435	21,100
$70,000 to $79,999	992,170	591,945	400,225	38,530	23,475	15,050
$80,000 and over	3,172,770	2,171,415	1,001,355	115,205	75,635	39,570
$80,000 to $89,999	773,755	475,700	298,055	30,230	18,585	11,645
$90,000 to $99,999	623,980	382,330	241,650	25,115	14,535	10,580
$100,000 and over	1,775,030	1,313,385	461,645	59,860	42,515	17,345
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% dataCensus data footnote 34	14,072,080	...	...	430,180	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	70,336	...	...	86,233	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	61,348	...	...	75,667	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	3,969,790	...	...	68,345	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	35,174	...	...	41,872	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,446	...	...	36,934	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	10,102,290	...	...	361,835	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	88,249	...	...	96,263	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	76,419	...	...	84,394	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 35	14,072,075	...	...	430,180	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	92,764	...	...	104,466	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	76,171	...	...	87,371	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	3,967,765	...	...	68,315	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	46,799	...	...	51,872	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	38,685	...	...	42,786	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	10,104,315	...	...	361,870	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	110,813	...	...	114,394	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	90,890	...	...	95,788	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 36	14,072,075	...	...	430,180	...	...
Under $5,000	228,790	...	...	6,140	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	200,315	...	...	3,850	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	374,575	...	...	6,350	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	565,940	...	...	9,770	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	602,800	...	...	11,210	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	538,710	...	...	11,850	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	603,480	...	...	13,180	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	606,600	...	...	14,250	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	596,110	...	...	14,885	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	578,325	...	...	15,340	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,097,345	...	...	31,075	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,010,415	...	...	30,355	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	924,320	...	...	29,245	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	836,765	...	...	28,190	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	745,655	...	...	26,490	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,561,920	...	...	178,000	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,470,255	...	...	55,095	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,016,245	...	...	40,635	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,116,140	...	...	46,050	...	...
$200,000 and over	959,285	...	...	36,215	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 32	14,072,075	...	...	430,180	...	...
Under $5,000	243,780	...	...	6,470	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	203,865	...	...	3,925	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	380,680	...	...	6,480	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	591,660	...	...	10,150	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	673,740	...	...	12,270	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	628,225	...	...	13,145	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	719,825	...	...	14,935	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	725,675	...	...	16,795	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	711,180	...	...	18,360	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	691,695	...	...	18,795	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,299,680	...	...	37,755	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,169,515	...	...	36,015	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,041,635	...	...	35,075	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	900,055	...	...	32,115	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	757,295	...	...	28,845	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,333,575	...	...	139,040	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,371,945	...	...	55,425	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	809,540	...	...	35,210	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,152,090	...	...	48,410	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 37	9,688,845	...	...	356,435	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	88,306	...	...	94,869	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	76,372	...	...	83,175	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	3,706,220	...	...	75,975	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	78,976	...	...	81,464	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	68,309	...	...	70,996	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	4,222,140	...	...	214,125	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	113,465	...	...	109,391	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	96,608	...	...	95,547	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.0	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,481,410	...	...	54,710	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	53,193	...	...	62,604	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	48,856	...	...	56,949	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 38	9,689,855	...	...	356,135	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	111,235	...	...	113,319	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	91,040	...	...	94,798	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	3,706,400	...	...	75,955	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	101,086	...	...	101,227	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	82,296	...	...	82,650	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	4,225,855	...	...	214,065	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	137,094	...	...	127,895	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	111,307	...	...	106,923	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,477,190	...	...	54,350	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	65,549	...	...	73,017	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	56,687	...	...	63,851	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 21	5,313,545	2,608,845	2,704,705	102,755	51,105	51,650
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)Census data footnote 39	31,890	34,483	29,801	34,735	36,964	32,735
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)Census data footnote 39	28,959	30,746	27,495	31,494	33,087	30,000
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 40	5,299,050	2,596,985	2,702,070	102,550	51,120	51,425
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)Census data footnote 41	42,939	46,085	39,915	44,684	46,348	43,031
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)Census data footnote 41	35,801	37,724	33,952	37,293	38,195	36,397
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 42	34,460,065	16,971,550	17,488,515	1,372,645	675,245	697,395
In the bottom half of the distribution	17,229,835	8,256,970	8,972,865	665,170	322,535	342,640
In the bottom decile	3,445,950	1,672,900	1,773,050	116,645	57,145	59,500
In the second decile	3,445,660	1,564,965	1,880,700	130,265	61,780	68,485
In the third decile	3,446,165	1,641,930	1,804,235	135,530	65,180	70,350
In the fourth decile	3,445,850	1,677,120	1,768,730	139,815	68,270	71,540
In the fifth decile	3,446,210	1,700,060	1,746,150	142,910	70,150	72,755
In the top half of the distribution	17,230,230	8,714,580	8,515,650	707,470	352,715	354,760
In the sixth decile	3,445,695	1,716,510	1,729,185	143,925	70,860	73,065
In the seventh decile	3,446,470	1,730,975	1,715,500	145,155	71,660	73,495
In the eighth decile	3,445,940	1,741,640	1,704,300	145,660	72,545	73,115
In the ninth decile	3,446,045	1,751,850	1,694,195	147,830	74,125	73,705
In the top decile	3,446,080	1,773,600	1,672,475	124,905	63,515	61,390
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% dataCensus data footnote 43	33,968,295	16,724,265	17,244,035	1,372,640	675,245	697,395
0 to 17 years	6,836,380	3,504,250	3,332,125	309,765	159,880	149,885
0 to 5 years	2,228,770	1,142,505	1,086,270	92,550	47,395	45,155
18 to 64 years	21,695,090	10,690,090	11,005,005	892,655	436,170	456,485
65 years and over	5,436,830	2,529,930	2,906,905	170,220	79,190	91,025
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	4,809,940	2,243,200	2,566,740	175,980	84,210	91,770
0 to 17 years	1,163,830	597,570	566,255	56,075	29,150	26,925
0 to 5 years	396,095	203,055	193,030	17,870	9,235	8,630
18 to 64 years	2,855,290	1,341,590	1,513,700	102,300	48,005	54,295
65 years and over	790,825	304,040	486,780	17,605	7,055	10,555
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.2	13.4	14.9	12.8	12.5	13.2
0 to 17 years (%)	17.0	17.1	17.0	18.1	18.2	18.0
0 to 5 years (%)	17.8	17.8	17.8	19.3	19.5	19.1
18 to 64 years (%)	13.2	12.5	13.8	11.5	11.0	11.9
65 years and over (%)	14.5	12.0	16.7	10.3	8.9	11.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,128,995	1,519,370	1,609,630	138,555	67,480	71,075
0 to 17 years	696,025	357,255	338,770	41,810	21,750	20,060
0 to 5 years	236,435	121,170	115,260	13,450	6,955	6,490
18 to 64 years	2,157,745	1,057,585	1,100,160	85,760	41,545	44,210
65 years and over	275,225	104,525	170,695	10,990	4,185	6,805
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	9.2	9.1	9.3	10.1	10.0	10.2
0 to 17 years (%)	10.2	10.2	10.2	13.5	13.6	13.4
0 to 5 years (%)	10.6	10.6	10.6	14.5	14.7	14.4
18 to 64 years (%)	9.9	9.9	10.0	9.6	9.5	9.7
65 years and over (%)	5.1	4.1	5.9	6.5	5.3	7.5
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 44	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485	1,372,640	675,245	697,395
Official languages	33,818,210	16,709,290	17,108,920	1,317,715	654,715	663,005
English	29,748,265	14,806,270	14,941,995	1,316,720	654,335	662,390
French	10,242,945	4,952,455	5,290,495	87,025	37,420	49,610
Non-official languages	9,369,280	4,488,185	4,881,090	788,825	384,845	403,975
Aboriginal languages	263,845	127,550	136,295	115	50	65
Algonquian languages	177,570	85,505	92,065	85	30	60
Blackfoot	5,645	2,695	2,950	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	116,585	56,515	60,070	40	20	25
Atikamekw	6,640	3,335	3,305	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	11,440	5,500	5,945	0	0	0
Moose Cree	195	80	115	0	0	0
Naskapi	1,465	710	755	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	545	225	320	0	0	0
Plains Cree	5,905	2,705	3,200	25	10	10
Southern East Cree	40	30	10	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	2,345	995	1,350	0	0	0
Woods Cree	2,665	1,230	1,435	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	86,115	42,080	44,035	20	10	15
Eastern Algonquian languages	9,765	4,710	5,050	25	10	15
Malecite	755	370	390	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	9,025	4,350	4,670	25	10	15
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	46,685	22,100	24,585	30	0	25
Algonquin	2,480	1,165	1,315	0	0	0
Ojibway	28,585	13,365	15,220	20	0	20
Oji-Cree	15,610	7,575	8,030	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	205	105	105	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	120	60	60	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	23,655	11,340	12,320	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	23,570	11,300	12,265	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	210	105	100	0	0	0
Beaver	340	180	165	0	0	0
Carrier	2,105	955	1,145	0	0	0
Chilcotin	1,150	535	610	0	0	0
Dene	13,060	6,270	6,790	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	2,375	1,210	1,165	0	0	0
Gwich'in	360	165	200	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	150	60	90	0	0	0
Sekani	185	85	100	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	2,815	1,340	1,475	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	1,010	475	530	0	0	0
South Slavey	1,365	660	710	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	680	320	360	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	630	340	285	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	365	205	170	0	0	0
Tahltan	270	140	130	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	420	160	260	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	285	115	170	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	145	50	95	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	85	35	50	0	0	0
Haida	465	205	260	0	0	0
Inuit languages	42,980	21,355	21,630	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	1,975	895	1,080	0	0	0
Inuktitut	40,620	20,280	20,340	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	470	225	240	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	2,800	1,240	1,555	10	10	10
Cayuga	125	40	85	0	0	0
Mohawk	2,415	1,120	1,295	10	10	0
Oneida	180	60	125	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	115	45	75	0	0	0
Kutenai	175	95	80	0	0	0
Michif	1,210	585	625	0	10	0
Salish languages	5,750	2,730	3,015	0	0	0
Comox	185	75	110	0	0	0
Halkomelem	1,060	475	585	0	0	0
Lillooet	790	405	385	0	0	0
Okanagan	820	370	450	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	1,305	640	665	0	0	0
Squamish	285	125	155	0	0	0
Straits	360	160	200	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	450	220	235	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	565	295	270	0	0	0
Siouan languages	5,430	2,665	2,770	0	0	0
Dakota	1,760	870	890	0	0	10
Stoney	3,675	1,805	1,875	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	140	70	70	0	0	0
Tlingit	260	140	120	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	2,730	1,350	1,380	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	1,305	645	660	0	0	0
Nisga'a	1,060	545	515	0	0	0
Tsimshian	410	180	235	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	1,490	680	805	0	0	0
Haisla	175	65	110	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	125	50	75	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	605	285	320	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	565	265	300	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	30	20	10	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	665	310	360	0	10	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	9,107,075	4,361,420	4,745,660	788,710	384,800	403,910
Afro-Asiatic languages	837,355	432,560	404,795	56,265	28,545	27,715
Berber languages	29,460	15,745	13,715	55	35	20
Kabyle	17,120	9,100	8,015	35	25	15
Berber languages, n.i.e.	12,505	6,735	5,775	20	10	10
Cushitic languages	57,125	26,870	30,250	2,395	1,050	1,350
Bilen	1,085	625	470	10	0	10
Oromo	6,245	3,070	3,175	120	50	75
Somali	49,665	23,070	26,590	2,255	990	1,260
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	480	220	265	20	10	10
Semitic languages	771,130	400,780	370,350	53,875	27,485	26,385
Amharic	33,670	16,675	16,995	1,120	510	615
Arabic	629,055	329,235	299,820	47,510	24,415	23,095
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	19,745	9,720	10,020	3,865	1,965	1,905
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	7,115	3,505	3,610	705	320	385
Harari	1,710	855	860	145	75	75
Hebrew	75,020	38,730	36,290	595	355	240
Maltese	7,625	3,760	3,870	1,760	830	930
Tigrigna	21,340	10,640	10,705	535	245	295
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	3,220	1,655	1,565	390	180	215
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	2,775	1,440	1,335	260	110	150
Austro-Asiatic languages	224,865	105,845	119,020	19,070	8,995	10,075
Khmer (Cambodian)	27,035	12,640	14,400	350	135	225
Vietnamese	198,895	93,735	105,155	18,715	8,870	9,845
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	190	70	120	30	10	25
Austronesian languages	656,200	273,075	383,125	44,845	18,965	25,880
Bikol	2,075	885	1,190	100	40	60
Cebuano	27,045	10,960	16,085	1,650	700	950
Fijian	1,660	955	705	20	0	10
Hiligaynon	7,925	3,200	4,720	485	170	310
Ilocano	34,530	13,805	20,730	1,605	610	990
Malagasy	2,335	1,120	1,220	10	0	0
Malay	22,470	10,370	12,100	2,120	995	1,130
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5,425	2,445	2,980	455	195	255
Pangasinan	1,800	790	1,015	85	45	45
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	612,735	253,210	359,530	41,965	17,665	24,295
Waray-Waray	1,395	530	860	55	25	30
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5,585	2,540	3,040	170	90	80
Creole languages	155,615	70,545	85,070	5,265	2,495	2,765
Haitian Creole	6,850	3,140	3,710	110	65	50
Creole, n.o.s.	133,045	59,890	73,160	2,850	1,400	1,450
Creole languages, n.i.e.	16,635	7,955	8,675	2,310	1,045	1,270
Dravidian languages	250,180	126,220	123,960	45,185	22,675	22,505
Kannada	8,245	4,180	4,065	2,185	1,070	1,110
Malayalam	37,810	19,410	18,400	7,315	3,670	3,650
Tamil	189,860	94,640	95,220	32,560	16,260	16,295
Telugu	23,160	12,770	10,390	5,400	2,855	2,540
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	790	385	405	240	135	105
Hmong-Mien languages	870	435	435	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	5,158,010	2,506,455	2,651,555	549,440	271,910	277,530
Albanian	31,930	16,140	15,790	3,060	1,575	1,485
Armenian	41,295	19,980	21,315	950	470	480
Balto-Slavic languages	817,315	384,960	432,350	74,415	35,620	38,795
Baltic languages	14,675	6,470	8,205	1,015	445	565
Latvian	6,500	2,960	3,540	240	95	145
Lithuanian	8,185	3,510	4,675	770	355	420
Slavic languages	805,915	379,965	425,945	73,610	35,255	38,350
Belarusan	2,265	1,070	1,195	120	65	55
Bosnian	18,265	9,055	9,215	1,885	945	945
Bulgarian	22,425	10,920	11,505	1,580	815	760
Croatian	69,840	34,515	35,325	8,820	4,285	4,535
Czech	28,720	13,675	15,050	1,210	590	615
Macedonian	23,075	11,190	11,880	2,270	1,125	1,150
Polish	214,965	99,365	115,600	37,890	18,035	19,855
Russian	269,645	127,055	142,595	10,245	4,965	5,275
Serbian	73,775	37,040	36,740	5,750	2,905	2,845
Serbo-Croatian	11,275	5,525	5,750	600	285	315
Slovak	21,470	10,215	11,255	1,395	670	725
Slovene (Slovenian)	11,495	5,205	6,290	1,385	605	780
Ukrainian	132,115	58,820	73,300	9,770	4,540	5,235
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	3,000	1,590	1,405	140	70	65
Celtic languages	9,165	4,705	4,455	175	70	110
Scottish Gaelic	3,980	2,010	1,975	80	30	55
Welsh	1,690	830	860	15	0	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	3,590	1,915	1,680	80	40	45
Germanic languages	695,535	337,215	358,320	12,260	5,845	6,415
Afrikaans	23,410	11,795	11,610	530	255	275
Danish	15,745	7,320	8,425	335	175	160
Dutch	120,865	57,885	62,990	2,210	1,000	1,205
Frisian	2,910	1,515	1,395	50	10	40
German	502,730	245,745	256,985	8,915	4,290	4,620
Icelandic	1,780	830	945	10	10	0
Norwegian	8,120	3,860	4,260	165	75	90
Swedish	14,140	6,510	7,635	310	150	160
Vlaams (Flemish)	4,400	1,945	2,455	45	20	25
Yiddish	20,985	10,435	10,550	10	10	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	8,710	4,425	4,285	0	0	10
Greek	150,965	75,510	75,455	5,060	2,620	2,440
Indo-Iranian languages	1,658,220	840,850	817,365	345,715	174,545	171,170
Indo-Aryan languages	1,387,805	704,370	683,435	334,485	168,990	165,495
Bengali	91,220	46,935	44,285	8,085	4,005	4,085
Gujarati	149,045	74,765	74,285	33,105	16,380	16,725
Hindi	433,365	221,665	211,700	108,315	54,525	53,790
Kashmiri	905	490	420	250	120	135
Konkani	6,790	3,185	3,605	2,625	1,160	1,470
Marathi	15,570	8,200	7,365	4,110	2,120	1,990
Nepali	21,380	10,915	10,470	2,175	1,085	1,090
Oriya (Odia)	1,535	755	775	325	155	165
Punjabi (Panjabi)	668,240	341,450	326,790	180,750	92,565	88,185
Sindhi	20,260	9,310	10,945	2,410	1,150	1,255
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	27,825	13,970	13,855	4,630	2,345	2,280
Urdu	322,220	164,685	157,535	88,130	44,680	43,450
Iranian languages	281,715	142,030	139,680	12,930	6,365	6,560
Kurdish	15,290	8,290	7,000	375	210	165
Pashto	23,180	12,465	10,715	2,560	1,320	1,240
Persian (Farsi)	252,320	126,565	125,755	10,575	5,170	5,405
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	8,875	4,715	4,155	1,325	695	630
Italic (Romance) languages	1,897,630	898,530	999,100	113,440	53,990	59,445
Catalan	2,035	1,145	890	35	15	20
Italian	574,725	278,500	296,225	35,875	17,640	18,235
Portuguese	295,955	144,465	151,485	35,860	17,140	18,720
Romanian	115,050	55,275	59,770	4,280	2,065	2,215
Spanish	995,255	460,250	535,010	41,335	19,005	22,335
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	2,680	1,610	1,075	65	40	25
Japanese	83,090	36,760	46,335	1,860	855	1,005
Kartvelian languages	2,150	1,075	1,075	70	35	35
Georgian	2,150	1,080	1,070	70	40	30
Korean	172,755	80,170	92,590	5,790	2,670	3,120
Mongolic languages	2,090	960	1,130	45	20	30
Mongolian	2,090	960	1,130	45	15	30
Niger-Congo languages	177,215	88,135	89,080	14,965	7,120	7,850
Akan (Twi)	22,145	10,810	11,340	5,425	2,515	2,910
Bamanankan	3,190	1,660	1,530	55	15	40
Edo	3,220	1,510	1,705	570	275	295
Ewe	3,000	1,685	1,315	150	60	90
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	4,725	2,460	2,260	120	70	55
Ga	2,250	1,140	1,110	430	235	195
Ganda	2,495	1,175	1,320	160	70	85
Igbo	8,850	4,710	4,140	1,050	505	545
Lingala	17,010	7,865	9,145	480	205	275
Rundi (Kirundi)	8,590	4,075	4,515	100	35	65
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	7,860	3,600	4,260	175	60	115
Shona	5,425	2,530	2,905	235	95	145
Swahili	38,680	19,565	19,115	2,240	1,120	1,120
Wolof	8,240	4,455	3,785	95	40	55
Yoruba	22,420	11,475	10,940	3,185	1,555	1,630
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	40,760	20,375	20,385	1,495	740	755
Nilo-Saharan languages	7,015	3,520	3,495	70	50	20
Dinka	2,475	1,280	1,190	10	10	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	4,555	2,240	2,315	60	45	20
Sign languages	48,115	18,985	29,130	1,085	485	600
American Sign Language	21,930	7,780	14,155	520	190	335
Quebec Sign Language	4,665	1,665	3,005	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	22,275	9,835	12,440	575	300	280
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,430,440	672,100	758,340	57,520	27,000	30,520
Chinese languages	1,413,110	663,465	749,640	56,900	26,675	30,230
Cantonese	699,125	325,840	373,285	25,455	11,825	13,630
Hakka	12,445	5,555	6,890	510	235	275
Mandarin	814,450	377,635	436,815	34,605	16,080	18,525
Min Dong	1,045	440	600	60	25	40
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	42,840	19,005	23,835	1,925	905	1,010
Wu (Shanghainese)	16,530	7,490	9,040	865	405	460
Chinese, n.o.s.	41,690	19,995	21,690	1,195	530	665
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	590	250	340	20	10	15
Tibeto-Burman languages	18,270	9,100	9,175	640	340	300
Burmese	4,995	2,490	2,500	185	90	95
Karenic languages	4,895	2,425	2,475	0	0	0
Tibetan	7,050	3,555	3,490	295	160	135
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	2,375	1,160	1,220	165	90	70
Tai-Kadai languages	30,400	13,210	17,195	1,225	580	645
Lao	17,235	8,240	8,990	900	445	455
Thai	15,390	5,875	9,520	435	185	250
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	115	50	65	0	0	0
Turkic languages	60,530	31,585	28,945	2,525	1,290	1,235
Azerbaijani	5,450	2,885	2,565	80	35	45
Turkish	50,775	26,605	24,165	2,265	1,185	1,080
Uyghur	1,385	685	700	130	45	80
Uzbek	2,465	1,230	1,235	45	25	20
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	1,870	905	965	40	20	25
Uralic languages	94,810	44,270	50,545	3,245	1,480	1,770
Estonian	6,070	2,750	3,315	260	110	150
Finnish	17,595	7,540	10,050	280	140	140
Hungarian	71,285	34,005	37,280	2,705	1,230	1,475
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	9,730	5,375	4,355	665	355	310
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 45	34,460,065	16,971,580	17,488,490	1,372,640	675,245	697,395
Canadian citizensCensus data footnote 46	32,034,590	15,799,495	16,235,090	1,192,495	587,865	604,625
Canadian citizens aged under 18	6,652,795	3,412,785	3,240,010	283,905	146,305	137,600
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	25,381,795	12,386,710	12,995,080	908,590	441,560	467,025
Not Canadian citizensCensus data footnote 47	2,425,480	1,172,085	1,253,400	180,145	87,375	92,770
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 48	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485	1,372,640	675,245	697,395
Non-immigrantsCensus data footnote 49	26,412,610	13,124,325	13,288,290	642,835	323,765	319,070
ImmigrantsCensus data footnote 50	7,540,830	3,586,495	3,954,330	706,835	339,410	367,430
Before 1981	1,941,510	927,795	1,013,715	134,265	63,400	70,865
1981 to 1990	915,555	439,245	476,310	94,105	45,615	48,490
1991 to 2000	1,486,655	696,720	789,940	171,230	82,550	88,680
2001 to 2010	1,985,035	940,570	1,044,465	213,135	102,330	110,805
2001 to 2005	928,935	439,890	489,050	113,910	54,840	59,070
2006 to 2010	1,056,095	500,680	555,415	99,225	47,485	51,740
2011 to 2016Census data footnote 51	1,212,075	582,175	629,895	94,105	45,515	48,595
Non-permanent residentsCensus data footnote 52	506,625	260,755	245,870	22,970	12,070	10,895
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 53	7,540,830	3,586,500	3,954,335	706,840	339,405	367,430
Under 5 years	731,340	364,165	367,175	60,825	30,760	30,065
5 to 14 years	1,311,810	665,870	645,945	116,450	59,505	56,945
15 to 24 years	1,604,430	724,430	880,005	159,265	70,515	88,750
25 to 44 years	3,198,920	1,513,970	1,684,950	291,160	142,250	148,910
45 years and over	694,320	318,060	376,260	79,140	36,375	42,765
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 54	7,540,830	3,586,495	3,954,330	706,835	339,405	367,430
Americas	1,128,745	510,650	618,100	112,715	50,455	62,260
Brazil	29,320	13,235	16,080	1,505	630	875
Colombia	70,035	32,065	37,965	4,745	2,170	2,570
El Salvador	48,080	23,865	24,215	2,425	1,195	1,230
Guyana	87,685	38,940	48,745	20,875	9,665	11,215
Haiti	93,480	40,955	52,525	440	255	185
Jamaica	138,345	59,960	78,390	35,320	15,095	20,225
Mexico	80,585	37,530	43,055	1,890	740	1,145
Peru	29,615	12,950	16,665	2,005	870	1,130
Trinidad and Tobago	65,040	29,325	35,710	14,255	6,385	7,870
United StatesCensus data footnote 55	253,715	113,505	140,215	8,860	4,225	4,640
Other places of birth in Americas	232,850	108,325	124,530	20,405	9,225	11,180
Europe	2,088,410	1,015,145	1,073,260	132,035	63,140	68,895
Bosnia and Herzegovina	36,135	18,050	18,085	3,075	1,585	1,495
Croatia	40,045	20,005	20,035	4,425	2,125	2,305
France	105,565	55,395	50,170	1,000	445	555
Germany	145,845	69,525	76,320	4,425	2,090	2,335
Greece	62,715	31,580	31,135	2,405	1,225	1,185
Hungary	36,820	17,945	18,875	1,360	620	745
IrelandCensus data footnote 56	28,325	14,355	13,970	1,515	650	860
Italy	236,640	118,595	118,040	16,575	8,505	8,070
Netherlands	88,475	45,185	43,295	1,640	755	885
Poland	146,465	66,450	80,020	26,005	12,115	13,885
Portugal	139,450	68,150	71,300	21,195	10,285	10,910
Romania	90,305	42,795	47,510	3,685	1,745	1,940
Russian Federation	78,685	34,265	44,420	2,660	1,180	1,475
SerbiaCensus data footnote 57	33,320	16,325	17,000	2,520	1,275	1,250
Ukraine	73,030	33,360	39,665	4,985	2,275	2,715
United KingdomCensus data footnote 58	499,115	243,225	255,890	21,405	9,910	11,495
Other places of birth in Europe	247,470	119,945	127,530	13,155	6,375	6,780
Africa	637,485	322,510	314,970	40,840	19,970	20,865
Algeria	64,620	33,920	30,705	300	155	145
Egypt	64,615	34,125	30,495	10,065	5,135	4,925
Ethiopia	32,790	15,980	16,810	1,020	470	550
Kenya	27,150	12,810	14,340	3,380	1,545	1,835
Morocco	69,655	36,120	33,535	445	215	225
Nigeria	42,430	21,830	20,600	6,280	3,150	3,135
Somalia	27,230	12,070	15,160	1,260	505	755
South Africa, Republic of	44,660	22,205	22,460	1,690	775	910
Other places of birth in Africa	264,320	133,450	130,870	16,400	8,020	8,380
Asia	3,629,160	1,709,985	1,919,175	419,545	205,090	214,460
Afghanistan	51,955	26,030	25,930	5,160	2,520	2,635
Bangladesh	58,735	29,875	28,865	4,380	2,140	2,240
ChinaCensus data footnote 59	649,260	290,800	358,460	26,270	12,085	14,185
Hong KongCensus data footnote 60	208,940	98,020	110,915	8,225	3,835	4,390
India	668,565	334,030	334,540	181,395	90,345	91,050
IranCensus data footnote 61	154,425	77,970	76,455	3,510	1,815	1,695
Iraq	68,485	34,785	33,705	10,815	5,465	5,350
Japan	27,240	7,955	19,285	720	250	465
Korea, SouthCensus data footnote 62	123,305	57,170	66,140	4,710	2,200	2,505
Lebanon	88,745	47,295	41,450	3,860	2,040	1,820
Pakistan	202,260	103,225	99,035	55,225	28,045	27,180
Philippines	588,305	247,095	341,210	43,165	18,765	24,395
Sri Lanka	131,995	64,825	67,170	21,315	10,590	10,725
SyriaCensus data footnote 63	52,960	26,595	26,365	3,730	1,880	1,850
Taiwan	63,770	28,170	35,605	2,130	950	1,175
Viet Nam	169,250	78,000	91,250	15,470	7,245	8,225
Other places of birth in Asia	320,965	158,150	162,815	29,480	14,905	14,580
Oceania and other places of birthCensus data footnote 64	57,030	28,210	28,825	1,705	755	945
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 54	1,212,075	582,180	629,895	94,105	45,510	48,590
Americas	152,595	72,870	79,720	10,245	4,995	5,250
Brazil	8,500	4,000	4,490	210	85	125
Colombia	15,300	6,885	8,415	845	420	425
Cuba	5,370	2,545	2,820	290	105	180
Haiti	19,985	9,160	10,830	150	85	70
Jamaica	12,495	6,680	5,820	3,005	1,585	1,425
Mexico	18,660	9,090	9,575	460	205	255
United StatesCensus data footnote 55	33,060	16,480	16,580	1,885	935	955
VenezuelaCensus data footnote 65	6,425	2,990	3,435	410	200	210
Other places of birth in Americas	32,790	15,040	17,750	2,980	1,380	1,600
Europe	140,030	70,995	69,035	4,600	2,135	2,465
France	24,150	13,000	11,150	100	45	55
Germany	6,300	3,255	3,045	125	65	60
IrelandCensus data footnote 56	5,660	3,540	2,120	110	60	55
MoldovaCensus data footnote 66	5,900	2,735	3,165	20	10	10
Romania	7,610	3,330	4,280	200	75	120
Russian Federation	11,565	4,485	7,080	320	110	210
Ukraine	13,425	6,015	7,410	680	285	400
United KingdomCensus data footnote 58	24,445	14,235	10,215	625	295	330
Other places of birth in Europe	40,970	20,405	20,570	2,430	1,200	1,230
Africa	162,800	81,545	81,245	7,515	3,755	3,760
Algeria	17,175	8,440	8,735	50	25	25
Cameroon	10,265	5,005	5,255	200	100	100
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	7,400	3,570	3,835	190	80	105
Côte d'Ivoire	6,240	3,030	3,210	75	35	35
Egypt	16,115	8,445	7,665	2,795	1,475	1,320
Eritrea	6,050	3,195	2,855	75	30	40
Ethiopia	7,510	3,625	3,890	70	20	55
Morocco	15,105	7,470	7,635	90	25	70
Nigeria	17,285	8,850	8,435	1,710	850	860
Somalia	5,335	2,600	2,730	110	50	60
South Africa, Republic of	5,765	2,935	2,830	90	45	45
Tunisia	6,700	3,475	3,230	15	10	10
Other places of birth in Africa	41,855	20,905	20,950	2,035	1,005	1,035
Asia	748,700	352,095	396,610	71,520	34,495	37,015
Afghanistan	9,240	4,530	4,710	670	295	370
Bangladesh	12,900	6,445	6,460	650	325	320
ChinaCensus data footnote 59	129,020	57,745	71,270	4,230	1,795	2,435
Hong KongCensus data footnote 60	4,975	2,090	2,880	130	60	70
India	147,190	75,145	72,045	33,405	16,495	16,905
IranCensus data footnote 61	42,070	20,580	21,490	570	295	270
Iraq	20,665	10,345	10,320	3,265	1,665	1,600
Israel	4,740	2,615	2,130	80	40	30
Japan	4,905	1,250	3,655	70	15	60
Korea, SouthCensus data footnote 62	21,710	9,630	12,075	295	105	190
Lebanon	9,375	4,980	4,400	490	265	220
Nepal	7,505	3,780	3,715	765	370	395
Pakistan	41,480	20,530	20,945	10,515	5,180	5,340
Philippines	188,810	83,050	105,760	6,555	2,790	3,775
Saudi Arabia	5,465	2,820	2,640	860	425	435
Sri Lanka	11,495	5,190	6,305	1,655	765	885
SyriaCensus data footnote 63	29,945	15,245	14,700	1,855	930	930
Taiwan	4,310	1,685	2,625	140	60	80
Turkey	4,255	2,365	1,890	125	85	40
United Arab Emirates	6,135	3,220	2,910	1,805	920	880
Viet Nam	11,210	4,500	6,705	925	410	520
Other places of birth in Asia	31,320	14,345	16,970	2,465	1,205	1,260
Oceania and otherCensus data footnote 64	7,955	4,670	3,280	225	130	95
Australia	4,965	2,950	2,010	185	115	70
Other places of birthCensus data footnote 67	2,990	1,720	1,270	35	10	30
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 68	34,460,060	16,971,575	17,488,485	1,372,640	675,245	697,395
First generationCensus data footnote 69	8,219,555	3,936,045	4,283,505	735,030	354,175	380,850
Second generationCensus data footnote 70	6,100,725	3,053,075	3,047,650	408,995	207,770	201,225
Third generation or moreCensus data footnote 71	20,139,790	9,982,460	10,157,330	228,615	113,295	115,325
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 72	5,703,615	2,709,530	2,994,085	581,570	280,425	301,145
Economic immigrantsCensus data footnote 73	2,994,130	1,496,240	1,497,885	276,735	143,105	133,630
Principal applicantsCensus data footnote 74	1,220,755	755,370	465,380	104,040	71,655	32,390
Secondary applicantsCensus data footnote 75	1,773,380	740,870	1,032,510	172,690	71,445	101,245
Immigrants sponsored by familyCensus data footnote 76	1,782,490	728,085	1,054,400	226,305	94,630	131,675
RefugeesCensus data footnote 77	858,845	453,675	405,175	72,925	39,965	32,960
Other immigrantsCensus data footnote 78	68,145	31,530	36,615	5,605	2,730	2,875
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 79	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485	1,372,640	675,245	697,400
Aboriginal identityCensus data footnote 80	1,673,785	813,520	860,265	9,120	4,215	4,905
Single Aboriginal responsesCensus data footnote 81	1,629,805	792,970	836,835	8,530	3,930	4,600
First Nations (North American Indian)Census data footnote 82	977,235	471,510	505,725	5,420	2,495	2,925
Métis	587,545	289,435	298,115	2,950	1,360	1,585
Inuk (Inuit)	65,030	32,030	32,995	165	75	90
Multiple Aboriginal responsesCensus data footnote 83	21,310	10,165	11,145	280	110	170
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhereCensus data footnote 84	22,670	10,385	12,290	310	180	135
Non-Aboriginal identity	32,786,280	16,158,060	16,628,225	1,363,515	671,025	692,490
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 85	34,460,065	16,971,580	17,488,490	1,372,645	675,240	697,395
Registered or Treaty IndianCensus data footnote 86	820,120	395,670	424,445	2,575	1,230	1,345
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	33,639,945	16,575,905	17,064,040	1,370,070	674,015	696,050
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 87	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,490	1,372,640	675,245	697,400
Aboriginal ancestry (only)Census data footnote 88	727,790	356,970	370,815	1,330	595	735
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)Census data footnote 89	709,235	347,985	361,245	1,290	570	720
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestryCensus data footnote 82	573,215	280,040	293,180	1,085	475	615
Métis single ancestry	91,255	45,740	45,515	190	90	95
Inuit single ancestry	44,765	22,210	22,555	15	10	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)Census data footnote 90	18,555	8,985	9,565	35	25	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	15,140	7,305	7,835	25	15	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	2,470	1,205	1,265	15	10	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	770	390	380	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	170	85	85	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestriesCensus data footnote 91	1,402,735	669,710	733,025	12,935	6,160	6,780
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestriesCensus data footnote 92	1,347,610	644,210	703,400	12,490	5,935	6,555
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	881,455	418,215	463,235	9,620	4,595	5,030
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	441,000	213,940	227,065	2,620	1,235	1,380
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	25,155	12,045	13,105	250	110	145
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestriesCensus data footnote 93	55,125	25,505	29,625	445	225	225
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	49,325	22,740	26,585	330	165	160
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	3,470	1,655	1,815	75	35	45
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,005	940	1,065	40	20	20
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	325	170	160	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)Census data footnote 94	32,329,545	15,944,900	16,384,645	1,358,375	668,495	689,885
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 95	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485	1,372,640	675,245	697,395
Total visible minority populationCensus data footnote 96	7,674,580	3,725,090	3,949,495	854,565	419,290	435,270
South AsianCensus data footnote 97	1,924,635	977,690	946,945	434,105	219,605	214,495
Chinese	1,577,060	746,400	830,665	63,745	30,500	33,245
Black	1,198,540	580,070	618,475	131,060	60,985	70,075
Filipino	780,125	341,800	438,330	57,205	25,645	31,565
Latin American	447,325	215,460	231,860	31,060	14,785	16,275
Arab	523,235	276,425	246,810	42,500	21,890	20,615
Southeast AsianCensus data footnote 98	313,260	148,880	164,385	23,415	11,310	12,105
West AsianCensus data footnote 99	264,305	133,475	130,825	13,435	6,595	6,835
Korean	188,710	89,110	99,600	6,630	3,165	3,460
Japanese	92,920	40,105	52,815	2,595	1,260	1,340
Visible minority, n.i.e.Census data footnote 100	132,090	62,540	69,550	25,470	12,060	13,415
Multiple visible minoritiesCensus data footnote 101	232,375	113,140	119,230	23,335	11,490	11,845
Not a visible minorityCensus data footnote 102	26,785,480	13,246,485	13,539,000	518,080	255,950	262,125
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 103	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485	1,372,640	675,240	697,400
North American Aboriginal origins	2,130,520	1,026,675	1,103,840	14,265	6,750	7,515
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,525,570	731,410	794,155	11,150	5,295	5,860
Inuit	79,130	38,695	40,435	400	175	220
Métis	599,995	291,310	308,690	3,200	1,530	1,670
Other North American origins	11,628,535	5,745,695	5,882,835	156,130	78,215	77,915
Acadian	119,675	57,805	61,865	810	375	435
American	377,405	182,690	194,715	7,035	3,390	3,650
Canadian	11,135,965	5,501,595	5,634,370	149,875	75,190	74,690
New Brunswicker	1,490	800	685	25	20	10
Newfoundlander	22,215	11,420	10,800	745	415	325
Nova Scotian	3,700	1,770	1,930	145	55	90
Ontarian	3,925	1,980	1,945	130	75	55
Québécois	194,560	99,320	95,235	275	135	140
Other North American origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 104	1,895	950	945	45	35	10
European origins	19,683,320	9,687,715	9,995,605	514,265	251,400	262,860
British Isles origins	11,211,850	5,474,735	5,737,115	220,155	107,455	112,705
Channel Islander	3,595	1,740	1,855	115	55	60
Cornish	1,975	995	975	0	0	0
English	6,320,085	3,069,515	3,250,570	124,170	60,840	63,330
Irish	4,627,000	2,195,620	2,431,385	89,815	42,710	47,105
Manx	6,125	3,090	3,040	95	55	40
Scottish	4,799,005	2,323,390	2,475,620	88,305	42,610	45,700
Welsh	474,805	226,600	248,210	9,030	4,380	4,650
British Isles origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 105	644,695	307,090	337,610	17,920	8,585	9,335
French origins	4,680,820	2,283,480	2,397,340	42,895	20,420	22,470
Alsatian	2,800	1,300	1,495	20	15	10
Breton	11,845	5,765	6,080	10	0	10
Corsican	1,750	950	805	0	0	0
French	4,670,595	2,278,430	2,392,165	42,870	20,400	22,470
Western European origins (except French origins)	4,600,855	2,258,095	2,342,760	65,735	31,755	33,985
Austrian	207,050	100,775	106,275	4,260	2,030	2,230
Bavarian	940	485	455	25	0	20
Belgian	186,665	91,395	95,270	1,590	805	790
Dutch	1,111,655	546,565	565,090	16,675	7,905	8,770
Flemish	11,685	5,730	5,960	140	70	70
Frisian	4,590	2,395	2,195	80	45	35
German	3,322,405	1,626,785	1,695,615	45,315	22,040	23,270
Luxembourger	3,915	2,025	1,890	60	20	35
Swiss	155,120	76,935	78,185	2,125	1,090	1,035
Western European origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 106	3,365	1,645	1,720	30	20	10
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	1,201,320	579,005	622,315	9,615	4,790	4,825
Danish	207,470	100,660	106,810	2,405	1,245	1,160
Finnish	143,645	69,045	74,600	2,215	1,050	1,160
Icelandic	101,795	49,875	51,915	460	260	200
Norwegian	463,275	223,075	240,200	2,145	1,040	1,110
Swedish	349,645	163,545	186,095	2,745	1,355	1,385
Northern European origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 107	52,780	26,965	25,820	430	185	240
Eastern European origins	3,431,245	1,666,740	1,764,505	105,730	51,060	54,675
Bulgarian	34,565	16,935	17,625	1,990	1,030	955
Byelorussian	20,710	10,190	10,515	770	360	410
Czech	104,580	51,555	53,030	2,515	1,220	1,290
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.Census data footnote 108	40,715	19,235	21,480	645	355	290
Estonian	24,530	11,715	12,815	755	345	405
Hungarian	348,085	170,040	178,045	8,115	3,880	4,235
Latvian	30,725	14,920	15,805	795	390	410
Lithuanian	59,285	28,745	30,535	2,085	1,050	1,035
Moldovan	14,915	7,265	7,650	150	65	75
Polish	1,106,585	533,830	572,750	55,745	26,840	28,900
Romanian	238,050	114,705	123,345	6,260	3,000	3,260
Russian	622,445	297,600	324,850	9,835	4,550	5,285
Slovak	72,285	35,360	36,925	3,020	1,445	1,575
Ukrainian	1,359,655	663,560	696,095	26,505	12,770	13,735
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 109	20,415	9,895	10,520	260	165	100
Southern European origins	3,012,375	1,494,605	1,517,775	208,835	104,170	104,665
Albanian	36,185	18,385	17,800	3,625	1,870	1,755
Bosnian	26,740	13,320	13,420	2,520	1,230	1,290
Catalan	1,280	740	535	30	10	20
Croatian	133,970	67,825	66,140	12,125	6,140	5,985
Cypriot	5,650	2,850	2,795	210	100	115
Greek	271,410	137,405	134,005	10,920	5,740	5,180
Italian	1,587,965	794,525	793,445	88,110	45,085	43,025
Kosovar	2,865	1,470	1,395	120	60	65
Macedonian	43,110	21,650	21,460	3,700	1,865	1,835
Maltese	41,920	20,955	20,965	6,340	3,105	3,235
Montenegrin	4,160	2,180	1,985	265	125	140
Portuguese	482,605	239,360	243,250	61,840	30,185	31,660
Serbian	96,530	49,095	47,440	6,980	3,500	3,485
Sicilian	6,940	3,500	3,435	180	100	85
Slovenian	40,470	20,105	20,365	3,575	1,785	1,790
Spanish	396,460	184,520	211,945	24,080	11,190	12,890
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.Census data footnote 110	38,480	18,620	19,860	1,285	650	635
Southern European origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 111	2,170	1,030	1,135	100	40	60
Other European origins	226,695	115,110	111,580	3,875	1,925	1,945
Basque	6,965	3,690	3,275	95	50	40
Jewish	143,660	72,625	71,035	2,035	1,015	1,020
Roma (Gypsy)	4,630	2,195	2,440	170	90	80
Slavic, n.o.s.Census data footnote 112	4,870	2,560	2,310	190	110	80
Other European origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 113	67,890	34,730	33,160	1,390	665	720
Caribbean origins	749,155	349,810	399,345	110,740	50,415	60,320
Antiguan	4,500	2,115	2,385	635	315	330
Bahamian	3,675	1,915	1,760	280	145	130
Barbadian	37,780	17,745	20,035	4,610	2,065	2,550
Bermudan	3,075	1,435	1,640	65	20	40
Carib	3,030	1,175	1,860	515	190	330
Cuban	29,065	13,800	15,270	2,265	980	1,290
Dominican	23,130	11,000	12,125	1,380	645	740
Grenadian	17,915	7,835	10,080	3,130	1,430	1,700
Guadeloupean	1,125	515	605	10	0	0
Haitian	165,095	76,460	88,635	900	460	440
Jamaican	309,485	145,080	164,410	70,880	32,075	38,805
Kittitian/Nevisian	2,915	1,460	1,460	515	250	265
Martinican	2,010	900	1,110	20	15	0
Montserratan	930	460	470	75	45	30
Puerto Rican	3,405	1,645	1,765	105	45	60
St. Lucian	8,985	4,095	4,890	1,160	560	605
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	78,965	37,325	41,635	13,365	6,250	7,120
Vincentian/Grenadinian	17,420	7,475	9,945	2,405	1,020	1,385
West Indian, n.o.s.Census data footnote 114	70,270	31,625	38,645	16,045	7,090	8,960
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 115	26,830	12,520	14,310	3,135	1,520	1,610
Latin, Central and South American origins	674,640	325,210	349,430	52,510	24,680	27,830
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	22,725	10,875	11,850	1,295	630	660
Arawak	1,440	610	830	155	65	90
Argentinian	20,680	10,130	10,545	2,105	920	1,190
Belizean	1,755	915	845	55	25	30
Bolivian	5,055	2,480	2,580	350	170	180
Brazilian	36,830	17,380	19,455	2,110	960	1,150
Chilean	45,190	22,280	22,910	2,710	1,275	1,435
Colombian	96,325	45,590	50,735	6,965	3,370	3,600
Costa Rican	5,535	2,680	2,855	365	155	215
Ecuadorian	25,405	11,995	13,415	3,875	1,910	1,970
Guatemalan	26,275	13,360	12,915	1,710	880	830
Guyanese	84,275	39,530	44,745	17,455	8,110	9,340
Hispanic	11,055	5,380	5,670	780	350	430
Honduran	10,650	5,235	5,415	495	225	265
Maya	6,285	3,350	2,940	190	90	95
Mexican	128,485	62,890	65,595	3,345	1,420	1,920
Nicaraguan	13,705	6,650	7,055	530	250	280
Panamanian	4,700	2,210	2,495	485	215	275
Paraguayan	4,325	2,165	2,160	80	35	45
Peruvian	42,145	19,645	22,505	2,705	1,195	1,510
Salvadorean	66,220	32,960	33,255	3,315	1,670	1,640
Uruguayan	6,795	3,390	3,410	1,460	780	680
Venezuelan	26,345	12,220	14,125	1,545	735	810
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 116	28,455	13,930	14,525	2,125	1,060	1,065
African origins	1,067,930	539,805	528,120	67,825	33,625	34,195
Central and West African origins	230,110	118,040	112,070	19,835	9,940	9,900
Akan	1,955	1,090	870	195	110	85
Angolan	2,960	1,475	1,480	130	85	50
Ashanti	1,585	855	735	445	245	200
Beninese	4,995	2,670	2,320	100	55	45
Burkinabe	3,150	1,665	1,485	45	20	20
Cameroonian	24,615	12,390	12,230	630	315	320
Chadian	1,845	955	885	30	15	15
Congolese	38,365	18,925	19,440	840	410	430
Edo	1,945	1,095	855	320	170	150
Ewe	845	470	375	65	40	35
Gabonese	1,405	660	750	15	10	10
Gambian	975	495	475	70	40	30
Ghanaian	35,495	17,720	17,770	8,070	3,935	4,130
Guinean	7,240	3,785	3,455	80	45	35
Ibo	5,315	2,850	2,470	415	210	210
Ivorian	10,935	5,485	5,450	150	65	90
Liberian	2,485	1,130	1,360	95	40	55
Malian	4,490	2,280	2,210	50	20	30
Malinké	1,125	585	535	20	20	10
Nigerian	51,835	27,025	24,805	6,890	3,550	3,345
Peulh	2,435	1,270	1,170	0	0	0
Senegalese	10,175	5,500	4,670	135	70	60
Sierra Leonean	2,620	1,330	1,295	180	80	100
Togolese	5,300	2,870	2,430	40	30	15
Wolof	840	495	345	0	0	0
Yoruba	9,585	5,075	4,515	1,260	650	615
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 117	15,380	7,940	7,445	910	420	485
North African origins	355,045	185,775	169,270	16,610	8,595	8,020
Algerian	67,335	34,755	32,580	505	285	215
Berber	37,060	19,685	17,375	110	75	40
Coptic	3,535	1,860	1,680	725	390	335
Dinka	900	500	400	10	10	0
Egyptian	99,140	51,730	47,410	13,475	6,965	6,510
Libyan	7,740	4,135	3,605	395	200	195
Maure	1,190	655	535	70	40	35
Moroccan	103,940	54,005	49,945	975	535	440
Sudanese	19,960	10,315	9,645	925	420	505
Tunisian	25,645	13,985	11,665	50	35	10
North African origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 118	6,115	3,320	2,795	230	100	130
Southern and East African origins	260,145	128,325	131,815	11,405	5,520	5,880
Afrikaner	1,870	955	915	20	10	15
Amhara	1,530	815	715	105	50	60
Bantu, n.o.s.Census data footnote 119	3,965	2,175	1,785	80	40	35
Burundian	10,990	5,405	5,580	120	60	60
Djiboutian	1,710	790	920	25	10	15
Eritrean	25,255	12,830	12,430	710	355	360
Ethiopian	44,065	21,680	22,385	1,610	765	845
Harari	665	355	305	0	0	0
Kenyan	10,915	5,230	5,685	1,055	495	560
Malagasy	4,500	2,175	2,325	25	0	25
Mauritian	9,325	4,655	4,665	1,245	660	585
Oromo	3,350	1,745	1,605	65	30	30
Rwandan	10,775	5,065	5,705	250	95	155
Seychellois	1,285	575	710	50	30	25
Somali	62,550	30,215	32,330	3,305	1,550	1,755
South African	41,375	20,575	20,800	1,340	665	675
Tanzanian	4,710	2,400	2,310	235	100	130
Tigrian	2,155	1,160	995	50	25	25
Ugandan	5,705	2,875	2,830	365	165	200
Zambian	1,860	935	920	130	60	75
Zimbabwean	8,090	3,975	4,110	295	150	145
Zulu	945	475	475	40	25	20
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 120	17,305	8,445	8,860	845	400	445
Other African origins	239,560	116,400	123,165	21,175	10,145	11,030
Black, n.o.s.Census data footnote 121	30,385	14,015	16,370	2,525	1,115	1,410
Other African origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 122	212,005	103,790	108,215	18,870	9,140	9,730
Asian origins	6,095,235	2,958,120	3,137,115	669,595	332,065	337,525
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	1,011,145	518,170	492,980	66,430	33,680	32,750
Afghan	83,995	42,320	41,675	8,370	4,050	4,320
Arab, n.o.s.Census data footnote 123	111,400	58,930	52,475	8,680	4,445	4,240
Armenian	63,810	31,505	32,305	2,115	1,060	1,060
Assyrian	13,835	7,115	6,720	2,505	1,325	1,185
Azerbaijani	6,425	3,230	3,200	210	80	135
Georgian	4,775	2,430	2,345	130	75	55
Hazara	1,515	810	705	55	40	20
Iranian	210,405	106,565	103,840	6,870	3,535	3,330
Iraqi	70,925	35,965	34,955	10,575	5,365	5,210
Israeli	28,735	15,065	13,675	585	280	300
Jordanian	14,250	7,520	6,735	2,455	1,300	1,155
Kazakh	3,330	1,615	1,710	20	10	20
Kurd	16,315	8,810	7,515	500	255	245
Kuwaiti	2,235	1,185	1,055	165	100	65
Kyrgyz	1,060	510	550	10	0	10
Lebanese	219,555	112,970	106,590	7,630	3,840	3,785
Palestinian	44,820	23,900	20,920	7,380	3,935	3,445
Pashtun	4,810	2,565	2,245	840	480	365
Saudi Arabian	6,810	3,935	2,880	250	135	120
Syrian	77,045	38,445	38,600	6,480	3,175	3,310
Tajik	2,905	1,410	1,495	200	70	125
Tatar	4,825	2,155	2,670	180	65	115
Turk	63,955	32,855	31,100	3,850	1,885	1,965
Turkmen	1,040	540	500	65	35	30
Uighur	1,555	775	785	110	40	70
Uzbek	3,920	1,920	2,000	130	60	70
Yemeni	6,645	3,335	3,305	430	200	235
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 124	25,280	13,180	12,100	3,130	1,660	1,480
South Asian origins	1,963,330	993,595	969,735	439,120	221,620	217,505
Bangladeshi	45,940	23,645	22,300	3,240	1,550	1,695
Bengali	22,900	11,730	11,180	1,750	870	880
Bhutanese	3,600	1,765	1,835	25	10	20
East Indian	1,374,710	694,990	679,720	313,085	157,950	155,140
Goan	6,070	2,915	3,155	1,725	795	935
Gujarati	8,350	4,305	4,050	2,050	1,105	945
Kashmiri	3,115	1,605	1,510	755	375	385
Nepali	17,140	8,715	8,420	2,005	985	1,020
Pakistani	215,555	110,420	105,140	56,205	28,570	27,635
Punjabi	118,400	61,155	57,240	36,110	18,595	17,515
Sinhalese	7,285	3,605	3,685	1,175	555	620
Sri Lankan	152,595	75,010	77,585	24,790	12,295	12,495
Tamil	48,670	24,845	23,825	8,170	4,120	4,045
South Asian origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 125	76,400	38,815	37,585	20,860	10,480	10,380
East and Southeast Asian origins	3,163,360	1,467,205	1,696,155	170,030	79,755	90,280
Burmese	9,335	4,535	4,795	415	170	245
Cambodian (Khmer)	38,490	18,515	19,980	620	265	360
Chinese	1,769,195	836,150	933,045	81,155	38,925	42,230
Filipino	837,130	369,105	468,025	62,460	28,165	34,295
Hmong	805	420	390	25	15	10
Indonesian	21,390	9,950	11,440	1,545	720	820
Japanese	121,485	53,415	68,070	3,915	1,860	2,050
Karen	4,510	2,275	2,240	30	20	10
Korean	198,210	93,680	104,525	7,060	3,355	3,705
Laotian	24,580	12,190	12,390	1,240	625	620
Malaysian	16,920	7,735	9,185	1,295	600	690
Mongolian	7,480	3,560	3,915	270	120	150
Singaporean	2,850	1,325	1,520	205	95	115
Taiwanese	36,510	16,570	19,945	1,055	495	560
Thai	19,010	7,330	11,680	765	300	475
Tibetan	8,040	4,055	3,985	330	195	140
Vietnamese	240,615	115,935	124,680	21,140	10,320	10,820
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 126	6,500	3,150	3,355	1,175	540	635
Other Asian origins	22,745	11,280	11,460	3,860	1,870	1,995
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 127	22,740	11,280	11,460	3,865	1,865	1,995
Oceania origins	85,470	43,030	42,440	1,570	755	815
Australian	42,315	21,710	20,605	655	340	310
New Zealander	15,395	8,065	7,330	245	120	125
Pacific Islands origins	29,485	14,240	15,250	690	310	385
Fijian	19,375	9,280	10,090	525	220	305
Hawaiian	3,295	1,500	1,795	40	20	20
Maori	2,500	1,310	1,195	35	20	20
Polynesian, n.o.s.Census data footnote 128	1,530	725	805	20	20	0
Samoan	1,100	625	475	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 129	2,335	1,145	1,185	70	35	30
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 130	14,072,075	...	...	430,180	...	...
Owner	9,541,320	...	...	327,825	...	...
Renter	4,474,530	...	...	102,350	...	...
Band housing	56,230	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 131	14,072,075	...	...	430,180	...	...
Condominium	1,874,840	...	...	80,065	...	...
Not condominium	12,197,240	...	...	350,115	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 132	14,072,080	...	...	430,180	...	...
No bedrooms	93,345	...	...	995	...	...
1 bedroom	1,925,015	...	...	38,945	...	...
2 bedrooms	3,547,090	...	...	67,715	...	...
3 bedrooms	4,836,485	...	...	148,495	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	3,670,145	...	...	174,030	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 133	14,072,075	...	...	430,180	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	4,068,915	...	...	101,715	...	...
5 rooms	2,177,045	...	...	63,820	...	...
6 rooms	1,981,585	...	...	68,690	...	...
7 rooms	1,790,180	...	...	62,070	...	...
8 or more rooms	4,054,355	...	...	133,890	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 134	14,072,080	...	...	430,180	...	...
One person or fewer per room	13,802,060	...	...	407,385	...	...
More than 1 person per room	270,020	...	...	22,790	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 135	14,072,075	...	...	430,180	...	...
Suitable	13,376,345	...	...	387,290	...	...
Not suitable	695,730	...	...	42,885	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 136	14,072,080	...	...	430,180	...	...
1960 or before	3,126,380	...	...	28,220	...	...
1961 to 1980	4,185,510	...	...	117,990	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,977,640	...	...	77,185	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,746,390	...	...	77,040	...	...
2001 to 2005	976,390	...	...	57,230	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,089,750	...	...	39,665	...	...
2011 to 2016Census data footnote 137	970,015	...	...	32,850	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 138	14,072,080	...	...	430,180	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	13,151,600	...	...	412,040	...	...
Major repairs needed	920,480	...	...	18,140	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 139	14,072,080	...	...	430,180	...	...
1 household maintainer	8,324,865	...	...	219,875	...	...
2 household maintainers	5,404,800	...	...	187,780	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	342,415	...	...	22,525	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 140	14,072,080	...	...	430,180	...	...
15 to 24 years	437,230	...	...	5,375	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,991,685	...	...	46,220	...	...
35 to 44 years	2,414,920	...	...	87,740	...	...
45 to 54 years	2,862,870	...	...	113,745	...	...
55 to 64 years	2,859,315	...	...	90,980	...	...
65 to 74 years	2,034,220	...	...	52,835	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,084,700	...	...	25,055	...	...
85 years and over	387,135	...	...	8,225	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 141	13,798,305	...	...	429,575	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	10,472,355	...	...	292,915	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	3,325,950	...	...	136,655	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,861,615	...	...	118,860	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	9,368,330	...	...	327,545	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgageCensus data footnote 142	60.7	...	...	70.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costsCensus data footnote 141	16.6	...	...	27.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)Census data footnote 143	1,130	...	...	1,770	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)Census data footnote 143	1,313	...	...	1,774	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)Census data footnote 144	341,556	...	...	572,983	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)Census data footnote 144	443,058	...	...	618,409	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,452,850	...	...	102,340	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housingCensus data footnote 145	13.0	...	...	13.9	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costsCensus data footnote 141	40.0	...	...	45.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)Census data footnote 143	910	...	...	1,248	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)Census data footnote 143	1,002	...	...	1,264	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 146	28,643,015	13,990,435	14,652,580	1,119,405	544,800	574,605
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,239,575	2,667,995	2,571,585	193,220	91,985	101,235
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificateCensus data footnote 147	7,576,400	3,686,630	3,889,770	314,145	156,255	157,890
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,827,040	7,635,805	8,191,230	612,040	296,555	315,485
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,800,260	1,906,610	893,650	52,600	35,985	16,615
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of QualificationCensus data footnote 148	1,549,880	880,365	669,515	28,865	17,805	11,060
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of QualificationCensus data footnote 149	1,250,385	1,026,250	224,140	23,735	18,180	5,555
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	5,553,825	2,326,940	3,226,890	203,965	90,435	113,530
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	813,335	331,940	481,395	30,045	14,040	16,000
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	6,659,615	3,070,315	3,589,300	325,435	156,095	169,340
Bachelor's degree	4,443,835	1,967,905	2,475,935	220,500	102,430	118,070
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	462,295	203,725	258,570	20,995	10,090	10,910
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	190,925	102,530	88,395	8,880	4,150	4,725
Master's degree	1,331,045	651,510	679,535	68,680	35,315	33,365
Earned doctorateCensus data footnote 150	231,510	144,640	86,870	6,375	4,105	2,270
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 146	18,931,380	9,268,555	9,662,830	751,865	363,070	388,800
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,169,790	1,200,110	969,685	79,325	39,940	39,390
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificateCensus data footnote 147	4,494,585	2,247,020	2,247,565	182,765	90,750	92,020
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,267,005	5,821,425	6,445,580	489,770	232,380	257,390
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,042,430	1,377,775	664,650	36,980	25,025	11,955
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of QualificationCensus data footnote 148	1,145,035	639,785	505,250	20,530	12,510	8,015
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of QualificationCensus data footnote 149	897,390	737,990	159,405	16,455	12,515	3,945
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	4,241,985	1,786,065	2,455,920	159,455	69,490	89,965
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	580,885	240,040	340,850	22,285	10,280	12,000
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	5,401,705	2,417,555	2,984,155	271,050	127,590	143,460
Bachelor's degree	3,590,080	1,562,160	2,027,925	179,810	82,465	97,345
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	362,455	151,205	211,250	17,340	8,040	9,300
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	153,290	74,440	78,855	7,595	3,395	4,195
Master's degree	1,120,190	527,335	592,850	61,265	30,675	30,595
Earned doctorateCensus data footnote 150	175,685	102,415	73,275	5,045	3,015	2,030
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 151	28,643,015	13,990,430	14,652,585	1,119,400	544,800	574,605
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeCensus data footnote 152	12,815,980	6,354,625	6,461,350	507,365	248,240	259,120
Education	1,060,095	251,290	808,800	28,755	5,435	23,320
13. Education	1,060,095	251,290	808,805	28,760	5,435	23,320
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	596,230	268,050	328,180	19,270	8,855	10,420
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	99,020	72,865	26,150	3,120	2,360	765
50. Visual and performing arts	497,210	195,185	302,025	16,150	6,495	9,650
Humanities	850,840	330,490	520,345	42,175	13,715	28,460
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	98,000	22,100	75,900	4,135	765	3,365
23. English language and literature/letters	178,590	52,785	125,810	9,380	2,180	7,200
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	275,525	104,135	171,390	19,120	6,395	12,725
30A Interdisciplinary humanitiesCensus data footnote 153	4,160	1,640	2,520	95	50	40
38. Philosophy and religious studies	51,930	30,185	21,750	1,940	995	945
39. Theology and religious vocations	77,490	46,285	31,200	1,730	1,120	610
54. History	111,465	59,965	51,500	4,705	2,080	2,630
55. French language and literature/letters	53,680	13,400	40,290	1,070	125	940
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,761,900	586,455	1,175,445	74,210	23,275	50,935
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	24,685	5,660	19,025	585	80	500
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	182,275	68,030	114,245	6,450	2,385	4,070
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	324,660	26,065	298,595	12,905	1,130	11,775
22. Legal professions and studies	289,600	102,660	186,945	12,425	4,260	8,160
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciencesCensus data footnote 154	35,445	8,150	27,295	1,150	265	890
42. Psychology	281,470	71,230	210,230	9,825	2,015	7,810
45. Social sciences	623,775	304,660	319,110	30,870	13,140	17,730
Business, management and public administration	3,360,045	1,272,475	2,087,565	152,960	67,645	85,315
30.16 Accounting and computer science	6,190	1,850	4,340	325	120	205
44. Public administration and social service professions	237,835	48,815	189,015	8,085	1,630	6,455
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,116,025	1,221,805	1,894,215	144,550	65,895	78,655
Physical and life sciences and technologies	614,280	315,665	298,615	32,050	14,775	17,275
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	249,955	105,560	144,400	11,850	4,340	7,505
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	125,600	61,685	63,915	9,485	4,245	5,240
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciencesCensus data footnote 155	28,155	12,625	15,530	360	115	245
40. Physical sciences	179,305	122,815	56,485	8,990	5,580	3,410
41. Science technologies/technicians	31,270	12,980	18,290	1,365	490	870
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	651,480	420,370	231,110	37,240	24,015	13,220
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	514,685	356,435	158,250	30,420	20,570	9,850
25. Library science	40,820	6,495	34,320	740	100	640
27. Mathematics and statistics	86,655	50,930	35,725	5,590	3,025	2,570
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciencesCensus data footnote 156	9,325	6,510	2,815	485	325	165
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	3,327,405	3,022,700	304,700	119,190	105,550	13,635
04. Architecture and related services	114,315	72,880	41,435	4,725	3,180	1,550
14. Engineering	752,465	615,880	136,585	49,655	40,705	8,945
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	620,065	551,855	68,205	22,130	19,945	2,195
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	410	85	325	10	0	10
46. Construction trades	702,155	682,710	19,445	14,755	14,515	245
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	731,135	709,430	21,705	18,365	17,920	445
48. Precision production	406,855	389,850	17,005	9,550	9,295	255
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	339,050	219,040	120,010	6,920	3,975	2,950
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	205,930	127,925	78,005	4,735	2,840	1,900
03. Natural resources and conservation	133,120	91,115	42,005	2,185	1,135	1,055
Health and related fields	2,266,720	441,180	1,825,545	72,200	16,240	55,965
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	164,295	81,260	83,040	4,895	2,655	2,240
51. Health professions and related programs	2,047,680	329,010	1,718,670	65,345	12,675	52,670
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	54,740	30,910	23,830	1,965	905	1,055
Personal, protective and transportation services	995,825	507,200	488,630	27,040	13,070	13,970
12. Personal and culinary services	565,555	151,530	414,025	15,110	3,985	11,130
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	3,505	3,080	420	70	60	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	7,900	7,230	670	120	120	0
43. Security and protective services	206,745	150,540	56,205	7,765	5,325	2,440
49. Transportation and materials moving	212,125	194,810	17,315	3,970	3,580	390
Other	3,170	885	2,280	30	0	25
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	3,170	890	2,280	30	10	20
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 151	18,931,385	9,268,555	9,662,825	751,870	363,070	388,800
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeCensus data footnote 152	6,664,380	3,447,130	3,217,250	262,095	130,690	131,410
Education	727,515	160,315	567,205	21,125	3,720	17,405
13. Education	727,515	160,315	567,200	21,125	3,720	17,405
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	467,905	208,365	259,545	14,650	6,565	8,090
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	74,530	53,995	20,535	2,195	1,650	540
50. Visual and performing arts	393,375	154,370	239,005	12,460	4,910	7,550
Humanities	614,815	232,425	382,390	34,150	10,470	23,680
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	76,540	16,200	60,340	3,375	580	2,795
23. English language and literature/letters	133,800	38,310	95,485	7,615	1,615	6,000
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	191,005	71,770	119,235	15,825	4,955	10,870
30A Interdisciplinary humanitiesCensus data footnote 153	3,140	1,250	1,895	70	40	30
38. Philosophy and religious studies	37,870	21,930	15,940	1,495	735	755
39. Theology and religious vocations	52,295	31,200	21,090	1,330	855	475
54. History	82,565	43,475	39,085	3,635	1,590	2,045
55. French language and literature/letters	37,600	8,285	29,315	810	95	710
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,417,625	453,100	964,525	58,830	17,865	40,965
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20,300	4,595	15,705	485	75	410
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	152,080	56,125	95,955	4,960	1,805	3,155
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	259,845	19,160	240,685	9,695	750	8,945
22. Legal professions and studies	241,170	76,720	164,445	10,365	3,255	7,110
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciencesCensus data footnote 154	27,310	6,390	20,920	830	215	615
42. Psychology	218,470	51,570	166,900	7,655	1,460	6,190
45. Social sciences	498,450	238,540	259,915	24,840	10,305	14,535
Business, management and public administration	2,696,770	1,000,895	1,695,875	126,950	55,025	71,925
30.16 Accounting and computer science	4,955	1,480	3,475	250	90	160
44. Public administration and social service professions	192,190	36,890	155,305	6,495	1,310	5,185
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,499,625	962,530	1,537,095	120,205	53,625	66,585
Physical and life sciences and technologies	449,870	222,120	227,755	24,530	10,695	13,840
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	195,830	79,945	115,880	8,960	3,040	5,915
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	89,205	42,265	46,945	7,315	3,100	4,215
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciencesCensus data footnote 155	9,280	3,850	5,430	305	90	215
40. Physical sciences	132,935	87,025	45,905	6,940	4,145	2,795
41. Science technologies/technicians	22,625	9,035	13,590	1,020	315	700
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	567,415	368,840	198,575	33,655	21,635	12,025
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	464,000	321,805	142,190	28,020	18,950	9,070
25. Library science	29,955	4,870	25,080	565	80	485
27. Mathematics and statistics	65,620	36,895	28,725	4,645	2,330	2,310
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciencesCensus data footnote 156	7,840	5,270	2,575	425	270	150
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	2,532,555	2,271,735	260,820	92,635	80,960	11,675
04. Architecture and related services	93,135	57,280	35,850	3,840	2,535	1,310
14. Engineering	612,265	490,980	121,285	41,180	33,255	7,925
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	475,045	418,595	56,450	16,660	14,920	1,745
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	350	70	275	0	0	10
46. Construction trades	515,630	499,670	15,960	10,590	10,400	190
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	540,800	523,425	17,375	13,600	13,270	335
48. Precision production	295,335	281,715	13,620	6,760	6,585	175
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	269,445	167,680	101,770	5,375	3,020	2,355
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	159,975	94,680	65,295	3,695	2,120	1,580
03. Natural resources and conservation	109,470	73,000	36,470	1,675	900	780
Health and related fields	1,749,545	342,395	1,407,145	57,665	12,880	44,785
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	129,560	63,315	66,245	3,450	1,825	1,630
51. Health professions and related programs	1,576,945	256,895	1,320,050	52,600	10,330	42,270
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	43,040	22,185	20,860	1,610	725	885
Personal, protective and transportation services	770,950	392,820	378,135	20,185	9,565	10,625
12. Personal and culinary services	431,415	114,395	317,025	11,330	2,860	8,470
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	2,725	2,355	375	55	55	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	4,425	3,975	445	50	50	0
43. Security and protective services	162,995	116,750	46,240	5,580	3,740	1,840
49. Transportation and materials moving	169,400	155,340	14,050	3,170	2,860	305
Other	2,590	745	1,845	25	0	15
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	2,585	740	1,845	25	0	15
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 157	28,643,015	13,990,435	14,652,585	1,119,400	544,795	574,605
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,815,975	6,354,625	6,461,350	507,365	248,240	259,120
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeCensus data footnote 158	15,827,040	7,635,805	8,191,235	612,035	296,555	315,485
Location of study inside Canada	13,117,190	6,299,305	6,817,890	372,745	177,050	195,695
Same as province or territory of residence	11,519,215	5,503,640	6,015,575	350,540	165,910	184,635
Different than province or territory of residence	1,597,975	795,655	802,315	22,205	11,140	11,060
Location of study outside CanadaCensus data footnote 159	2,709,850	1,336,505	1,373,345	239,295	119,505	119,785
United StatesCensus data footnote 160	349,540	189,995	159,545	14,510	8,290	6,215
Philippines	298,830	109,820	189,020	21,430	8,435	12,990
India	281,415	142,410	138,995	78,210	39,045	39,165
United KingdomCensus data footnote 161	232,035	131,050	100,980	12,160	7,265	4,900
ChinaCensus data footnote 162	205,375	94,690	110,685	10,350	4,875	5,475
France	88,860	50,400	38,455	755	450	305
Other	1,253,790	618,135	635,655	101,880	51,145	50,735
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 157	18,931,380	9,268,555	9,662,830	751,865	363,070	388,800
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,664,380	3,447,125	3,217,250	262,095	130,690	131,405
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeCensus data footnote 158	12,267,005	5,821,430	6,445,575	489,770	232,385	257,390
Location of study inside Canada	10,134,590	4,807,045	5,327,545	291,430	136,115	155,310
Same as province or territory of residence	8,918,160	4,207,495	4,710,665	274,150	127,395	146,755
Different than province or territory of residence	1,216,425	599,545	616,875	17,280	8,720	8,555
Location of study outside CanadaCensus data footnote 159	2,132,415	1,014,385	1,118,030	198,345	96,265	102,080
United StatesCensus data footnote 160	254,245	131,955	122,290	12,215	6,850	5,365
Philippines	263,095	96,025	167,065	17,310	6,795	10,515
India	239,535	117,445	122,090	68,375	33,105	35,265
United KingdomCensus data footnote 161	133,655	73,575	60,085	7,530	4,370	3,155
ChinaCensus data footnote 162	175,825	79,635	96,190	8,730	4,040	4,690
France	72,920	40,610	32,310	660	385	275
Other	993,135	475,145	517,990	83,530	40,720	42,810
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 163	28,643,020	13,990,430	14,652,585	1,119,400	544,800	574,605
In the labour force	18,672,475	9,731,830	8,940,645	753,110	396,145	356,965
Employed	17,230,040	8,923,540	8,306,490	691,470	366,380	325,090
Unemployed	1,442,435	808,285	634,150	61,640	29,770	31,870
Not in the labour force	9,970,545	4,258,605	5,711,945	366,295	148,650	217,645
Participation rate	65.2	69.6	61.0	67.3	72.7	62.1
Employment rate	60.2	63.8	56.7	61.8	67.3	56.6
Unemployment rate	7.7	8.3	7.1	8.2	7.5	8.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 164	28,643,020	13,990,430	14,652,580	1,119,405	544,795	574,605
Did not workCensus data footnote 165	9,282,005	3,930,570	5,351,440	359,130	145,175	213,950
Worked	19,361,010	10,059,865	9,301,150	760,275	399,620	360,655
Worked full year, full timeCensus data footnote 166	9,626,010	5,402,110	4,223,895	394,335	223,105	171,230
Worked part year and/or part timeCensus data footnote 167	9,735,005	4,657,755	5,077,245	365,940	176,510	189,425
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.4	42.9	42.0	42.5	43.2	41.7
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 168	18,672,470	9,731,825	8,940,640	753,110	396,145	356,960
Class of worker - not applicableCensus data footnote 169	404,350	197,705	206,640	22,235	9,665	12,565
All classes of workersCensus data footnote 170	18,268,125	9,534,120	8,734,000	730,875	386,480	344,395
Employee	16,073,685	8,158,745	7,914,940	647,680	327,790	319,890
Self-employedCensus data footnote 171	2,194,440	1,375,380	819,060	83,190	58,685	24,505
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 172	18,672,470	9,731,830	8,940,645	753,110	396,145	356,960
Occupation - not applicableCensus data footnote 169	404,350	197,710	206,640	22,235	9,665	12,570
All occupationsCensus data footnote 170	18,268,120	9,534,120	8,734,005	730,870	386,475	344,395
0 Management occupations	2,013,370	1,251,165	762,205	75,485	46,820	28,665
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,874,305	862,870	2,011,440	135,660	47,205	88,460
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,273,660	990,560	283,105	61,350	47,770	13,585
3 Health occupations	1,245,885	244,730	1,001,155	37,400	7,720	29,675
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,138,445	672,945	1,465,495	63,220	17,320	45,900
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	557,275	255,705	301,570	16,150	7,745	8,405
6 Sales and service occupations	4,265,895	1,843,510	2,422,390	171,385	74,350	97,035
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	2,668,875	2,504,290	164,585	113,840	103,800	10,040
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	416,135	331,920	84,215	5,230	4,120	1,110
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	814,285	576,435	237,845	51,150	29,625	21,520
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 173	18,672,475	9,731,830	8,940,640	753,110	396,145	356,960
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicableCensus data footnote 169	404,350	197,710	206,640	22,235	9,665	12,565
All industry categoriesCensus data footnote 170	18,268,125	9,534,120	8,734,000	730,870	386,480	344,395
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	444,680	310,000	134,675	2,180	1,190	985
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	271,300	219,880	51,420	865	570	290
22 Utilities	136,350	100,135	36,210	3,055	2,155	895
23 Construction	1,365,010	1,196,550	168,455	44,755	38,535	6,220
31-33 Manufacturing	1,596,570	1,149,745	446,820	90,485	59,460	31,025
41 Wholesale trade	665,685	451,230	214,455	41,925	25,060	16,865
44-45 Retail trade	2,110,200	984,090	1,126,115	85,420	40,990	44,435
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	876,050	656,375	219,670	69,920	49,975	19,950
51 Information and cultural industries	420,350	243,650	176,705	17,780	10,585	7,190
52 Finance and insurance	790,580	327,865	462,715	47,500	21,075	26,420
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	333,305	184,350	148,955	15,495	8,405	7,090
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,335,125	740,520	594,605	61,500	35,370	26,130
55 Management of companies and enterprises	28,795	12,795	16,000	1,820	730	1,090
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	802,420	462,825	339,590	41,990	22,870	19,115
61 Educational services	1,346,585	420,845	925,735	43,010	11,630	31,375
62 Health care and social assistance	2,138,025	383,755	1,754,270	59,270	10,265	49,000
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	379,740	192,875	186,865	9,720	5,100	4,625
72 Accommodation and food services	1,283,725	535,210	748,515	42,205	17,110	25,095
81 Other services (except public administration)	814,695	371,880	442,815	27,630	13,470	14,155
91 Public administration	1,128,945	589,530	539,405	24,375	11,920	12,455
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 174	17,230,035	8,923,540	8,306,495	691,470	366,380	325,095
Worked at home	1,272,285	639,500	632,785	38,220	20,040	18,180
Worked outside Canada	78,815	54,235	24,580	4,605	3,350	1,260
No fixed workplace address	1,987,260	1,487,445	499,820	83,895	61,765	22,130
Worked at usual place	13,891,675	6,742,360	7,149,315	564,745	281,225	283,520
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	13,891,680	6,742,365	7,149,315	564,745	281,225	283,520
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	8,102,115	3,723,115	4,379,005	253,315	116,085	137,230
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,906,390	1,435,640	1,470,750	103,625	53,095	50,530
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,725,205	1,492,170	1,233,030	206,570	111,250	95,315
Commute to a different province or territory	157,970	91,445	66,525	1,240	795	445
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 175	15,878,940	8,229,810	7,649,135	648,640	342,985	305,650
Car, truck, van - as a driver	11,748,095	6,380,120	5,367,975	482,165	275,395	206,765
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	868,920	349,855	519,065	44,075	15,445	28,635
Public transit	1,968,215	846,735	1,121,485	100,595	42,280	58,320
Walked	877,985	392,950	485,030	14,215	5,800	8,415
Bicycle	222,130	146,615	75,515	1,900	1,440	460
Other method	193,595	113,525	80,060	5,690	2,630	3,065
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 176	15,878,945	8,229,810	7,649,130	648,640	342,990	305,650
Less than 15 minutes	4,449,920	2,071,365	2,378,555	92,285	40,940	51,340
15 to 29 minutes	5,314,295	2,725,165	2,589,130	213,080	110,595	102,485
30 to 44 minutes	3,228,845	1,782,680	1,446,165	165,815	93,900	71,920
45 to 59 minutes	1,391,060	768,115	622,940	74,125	41,245	32,880
60 minutes and over	1,494,830	882,485	612,345	103,340	56,310	47,030
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 177	15,878,940	8,229,810	7,649,135	648,640	342,985	305,650
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,073,680	781,230	292,455	47,960	33,830	14,125
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	2,814,750	1,754,045	1,060,710	113,970	67,950	46,025
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	4,458,835	2,217,210	2,241,620	161,200	78,665	82,530
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	3,349,975	1,408,710	1,941,265	127,150	58,895	68,255
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,756,265	752,940	1,003,325	83,390	39,860	43,530
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,425,435	1,315,670	1,109,765	114,970	63,780	51,190
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 178	19,956,255	10,342,970	9,613,285	789,535	413,665	375,865
Single responses	19,365,980	10,042,855	9,323,130	768,470	402,660	365,805
Official languages	19,090,545	9,897,470	9,193,075	754,165	395,015	359,145
English	15,265,335	7,952,010	7,313,320	751,975	394,470	357,505
French	3,825,215	1,945,465	1,879,750	2,185	545	1,640
Non-official languages	275,430	145,380	130,055	14,305	7,640	6,660
Aboriginal languages	24,950	12,385	12,565	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	14,440	7,370	7,070	0	0	0
Blackfoot	80	45	35	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	11,540	5,820	5,720	0	0	0
Atikamekw	1,095	580	515	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	2,055	970	1,085	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	370	180	190	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	40	25	10	0	0	0
Plains Cree	95	60	35	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	15	10	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	75	35	40	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	7,795	3,965	3,835	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	925	510	420	0	0	0
Malecite	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	915	505	410	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	1,895	995	900	0	0	0
Algonquin	45	20	25	0	0	0
Ojibway	765	380	385	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	1,080	595	485	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	1,140	530	610	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	1,135	525	610	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	20	0	15	0	0	0
Chilcotin	20	0	10	0	0	0
Dene	770	360	405	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	165	80	80	0	0	0
Gwich'in	10	10	10	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	135	65	70	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	95	45	45	0	0	0
South Slavey	35	20	20	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	10	10	10	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	10	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	10	0	10	0	0	0
Inuit languages	8,845	4,255	4,595	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	35	10	25	0	0	0
Inuktitut	8,800	4,240	4,555	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	35	10	30	0	0	0
Cayuga	10	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	35	10	25	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	10	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	110	25	85	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	15	10	10	0	0	0
Lillooet	15	10	10	0	0	0
Okanagan	20	10	20	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	35	0	30	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	15	0	15	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	260	155	105	0	0	0
Dakota	20	10	10	0	0	0
Stoney	240	145	95	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	10	10	10	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	25	0	20	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	10	10	10	0	0	0
Nisga'a	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	35	15	20	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	10	10	10	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	30	15	15	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	250,485	132,990	117,490	14,305	7,645	6,660
Afro-Asiatic languages	7,380	4,530	2,850	470	295	175
Berber languages	35	10	30	0	0	0
Kabyle	20	0	20	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	15	10	15	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	275	105	170	10	0	10
Bilen	10	10	10	0	0	0
Oromo	45	25	20	0	0	0
Somali	220	80	145	10	0	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	7,065	4,420	2,650	460	295	170
Amharic	200	95	100	0	0	0
Arabic	5,585	3,695	1,890	445	285	155
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	205	155	55	10	0	10
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	30	20	15	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	825	335	490	0	0	0
Maltese	25	15	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	135	70	60	10	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	65	35	30	10	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	8,550	3,790	4,760	480	185	295
Khmer (Cambodian)	475	230	245	0	0	0
Vietnamese	8,070	3,560	4,510	475	185	295
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	3,850	1,750	2,095	255	105	150
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	75	20	55	0	10	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	25	0	15	10	10	10
Ilocano	110	50	60	10	0	10
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	140	75	65	10	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	3,450	1,580	1,875	220	95	130
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	40	25	15	0	0	0
Creole languages	350	125	225	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	25	10	15	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	315	110	200	10	0	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	2,225	1,060	1,165	320	120	195
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	90	50	45	15	0	10
Tamil	2,090	1,005	1,080	280	105	175
Telugu	45	10	35	25	10	15
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	85,550	47,305	38,245	9,450	5,210	4,245
Albanian	350	220	125	50	35	15
Armenian	450	220	230	0	10	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10,075	4,745	5,330	1,465	780	685
Baltic languages	95	35	60	25	15	10
Latvian	40	10	25	0	0	0
Lithuanian	60	25	30	25	15	10
Slavic languages	9,980	4,710	5,270	1,435	760	675
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	155	90	65	30	15	10
Bulgarian	205	110	90	20	15	10
Croatian	220	130	95	35	25	10
Czech	70	40	30	10	10	0
Macedonian	95	45	55	40	15	20
Polish	2,500	1,265	1,235	875	475	405
Russian	4,850	2,135	2,720	120	65	55
Serbian	530	320	210	50	35	15
Serbo-Croatian	30	25	0	10	0	0
Slovak	100	60	40	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	0	10	0	0	0
Ukrainian	1,210	485	725	270	110	160
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	25	20	10	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	15	15	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	0	0	0
Germanic languages	13,285	7,455	5,835	35	15	20
Afrikaans	85	40	40	0	0	0
Danish	90	50	35	0	0	0
Dutch	1,165	630	540	0	0	0
Frisian	40	25	15	0	0	0
German	10,065	5,715	4,345	35	15	15
Icelandic	0	10	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	65	30	40	0	0	0
Swedish	125	55	70	0	0	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	35	20	15	0	0	0
Yiddish	895	390	505	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	720	495	225	0	0	0
Greek	1,020	545	475	30	15	10
Indo-Iranian languages	37,330	21,140	16,190	6,490	3,525	2,965
Indo-Aryan languages	32,485	18,125	14,360	6,380	3,465	2,910
Bengali	530	275	245	35	20	20
Gujarati	880	300	585	315	110	210
Hindi	1,405	755	650	485	205	280
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	10	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	30	15	15	15	0	0
Nepali	195	95	100	25	10	15
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	27,870	15,945	11,920	4,995	2,900	2,095
Sindhi	35	10	30	0	0	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40	25	20	0	10	0
Urdu	1,495	705	790	495	210	290
Iranian languages	4,820	3,000	1,815	105	55	50
Kurdish	185	150	40	0	0	0
Pashto	50	20	25	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	4,580	2,830	1,750	105	55	50
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	23,025	12,965	10,060	1,385	835	550
Catalan	30	10	20	0	0	0
Italian	1,705	895	805	90	50	45
Portuguese	7,490	4,795	2,695	630	450	180
Romanian	745	365	380	15	10	0
Spanish	13,030	6,885	6,145	645	330	315
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0	0	0
Japanese	3,255	1,195	2,065	60	30	35
Kartvelian languages	30	10	20	0	0	0
Georgian	30	10	20	0	0	0
Korean	12,150	6,260	5,885	290	130	160
Mongolic languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	235	120	115	15	0	10
Akan (Twi)	25	10	20	0	0	0
Bamanankan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	20	10	10	0	0	0
Igbo	10	10	0	0	0	0
Lingala	10	0	10	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25	0	15	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	80	50	30	0	0	0
Wolof	10	0	10	0	0	0
Yoruba	15	0	15	10	0	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30	20	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	1,920	740	1,180	90	20	70
American Sign Language	1,145	340	810	60	10	50
Quebec Sign Language	135	15	115	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	640	390	255	35	10	25
Sino-Tibetan languages	122,880	65,030	57,850	2,815	1,505	1,310
Chinese languages	122,610	64,880	57,730	2,810	1,500	1,310
Cantonese	58,815	30,485	28,340	970	530	435
Hakka	70	25	45	0	0	10
Mandarin	60,090	32,430	27,665	1,760	925	840
Min Dong	25	15	10	25	15	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	565	335	225	0	10	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	105	65	45	0	10	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	2,930	1,530	1,405	40	20	25
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	270	155	115	0	0	0
Burmese	75	35	35	0	0	0
Karenic languages	135	75	55	0	0	0
Tibetan	50	30	20	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	675	270	405	0	0	10
Lao	150	70	80	0	0	0
Thai	525	205	325	10	0	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	750	475	275	25	25	10
Azerbaijani	30	20	0	0	0	0
Turkish	685	435	255	25	20	0
Uyghur	15	15	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	15	10	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	595	270	325	25	15	10
Estonian	50	15	40	0	0	0
Finnish	105	40	65	0	0	10
Hungarian	435	225	215	20	10	10
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	80	45	35	0	0	0
Multiple responses	590,270	300,115	290,155	21,065	11,005	10,060
English and French	412,680	211,095	201,585	4,050	1,495	2,555
English and non-official language	154,285	77,870	76,420	16,705	9,370	7,340
French and non-official language	7,830	3,595	4,235	25	20	10
English, French and non-official language	15,475	7,565	7,915	280	125	160
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 179	19,956,250	10,342,970	9,613,290	789,530	413,660	375,865
None	17,456,725	9,056,235	8,400,490	731,890	382,990	348,895
English	1,259,225	661,460	597,765	7,400	3,750	3,650
French	705,780	349,035	356,745	8,240	3,185	5,055
Non-official language	496,565	257,455	239,105	41,375	23,425	17,945
Aboriginal	37,615	17,215	20,400	10	0	10
Non-Aboriginal	458,945	240,245	218,710	41,360	23,420	17,945
English and French	2,535	1,200	1,335	15	0	15
English and non-official language	18,040	8,765	9,280	125	85	45
French and non-official language	17,265	8,730	8,540	485	225	255
English, French and non-official language	115	90	30	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 180	34,091,785	16,783,745	17,308,035	1,358,025	667,915	690,120
Non-movers	29,644,795	14,593,190	15,051,605	1,193,235	585,810	607,430
Movers	4,446,990	2,190,555	2,256,435	164,795	82,105	82,690
Non-migrants	2,623,515	1,292,750	1,330,760	92,470	45,915	46,555
Migrants	1,823,475	897,805	925,670	72,325	36,190	36,135
Internal migrants	1,451,005	713,060	737,945	47,125	23,625	23,495
Intraprovincial migrants	1,189,525	580,895	608,630	42,080	21,025	21,050
Interprovincial migrants	261,475	132,160	129,315	5,045	2,605	2,445
External migrants	372,475	184,745	187,730	25,200	12,560	12,635
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 181	32,568,560	16,004,315	16,564,245	1,296,425	636,670	659,755
Non-movers	20,134,760	9,902,645	10,232,115	798,505	391,650	406,855
Movers	12,433,805	6,101,675	6,332,130	497,920	245,020	252,895
Non-migrants	6,755,630	3,314,730	3,440,905	270,380	132,650	137,730
Migrants	5,678,175	2,786,945	2,891,230	227,540	112,375	115,170
Internal migrants	4,296,720	2,104,325	2,192,395	131,905	64,945	66,960
Intraprovincial migrants	3,467,670	1,689,950	1,777,720	121,635	59,770	61,865
Interprovincial migrants	829,045	414,375	414,670	10,270	5,175	5,095
External migrants	1,381,460	682,625	698,835	95,635	47,430	48,205