Census Profile, 2016 Census
Canada [Country] and City of Ottawa Health Unit, [Health region, December 2017], Ontario

The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).

Characteristic	Canada [Country]			City of Ottawa Health Unit, Ontario [Health region, December 2017]
	Data quality , Canada [Country]  Map : Canada [Country] Change geography 1			Data quality : City of Ottawa Health Unit, [Health region, December 2017], Ontario  Map : City of Ottawa Health Unit, [Health region, December 2017], Ontario Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016Census data footnote 1	35,151,728	...	...	934,243	...	...
Population, 2011Census data footnote 1	33,476,688	...	...	883,391	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	5.0	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total private dwellingsCensus data footnote 2	15,412,443	...	...	395,985	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residentsCensus data footnote 3	14,072,079	...	...	373,756	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	3.9	...	...	334.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	8,965,588.85	...	...	2,790.30	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% dataCensus data footnote 4	35,151,730	17,264,200	17,887,530	934,245	453,880	480,370
0 to 14 years	5,839,565	2,992,920	2,846,645	155,680	79,190	76,490
0 to 4 years	1,898,790	973,030	925,760	48,870	24,800	24,070
5 to 9 years	2,018,130	1,034,685	983,445	53,715	27,365	26,350
10 to 14 years	1,922,645	985,200	937,445	53,095	27,020	26,075
15 to 64 years	23,376,530	11,576,130	11,800,400	634,425	310,390	324,035
15 to 19 years	2,026,160	1,039,215	986,940	57,190	28,990	28,200
20 to 24 years	2,242,690	1,144,495	1,098,200	68,645	34,575	34,075
25 to 29 years	2,285,990	1,144,470	1,141,515	63,700	31,675	32,025
30 to 34 years	2,329,395	1,148,290	1,181,110	61,670	30,110	31,565
35 to 39 years	2,288,365	1,118,635	1,169,730	59,575	28,330	31,250
40 to 44 years	2,255,135	1,104,440	1,150,695	62,715	29,880	32,835
45 to 49 years	2,359,965	1,157,760	1,202,210	65,965	31,985	33,980
50 to 54 years	2,678,075	1,318,755	1,359,320	73,215	36,005	37,210
55 to 59 years	2,620,240	1,285,190	1,335,055	66,765	32,370	34,395
60 to 64 years	2,290,510	1,114,885	1,175,630	54,990	26,480	28,510
65 years and over	5,935,630	2,695,150	3,240,485	144,140	64,300	79,835
65 to 69 years	1,972,480	953,075	1,019,405	48,130	22,870	25,265
70 to 74 years	1,420,875	677,975	742,900	33,870	15,795	18,080
75 to 79 years	1,021,850	469,550	552,300	24,605	11,140	13,460
80 to 84 years	749,650	325,765	423,880	17,955	7,765	10,185
85 years and over	770,780	268,790	501,990	19,580	6,735	12,840
85 to 89 years	482,525	185,535	296,990	11,720	4,480	7,240
90 to 94 years	223,510	68,675	154,835	5,990	1,845	4,145
95 to 99 years	56,525	13,240	43,280	1,640	385	1,255
100 years and over	8,230	1,340	6,890	230	30	195
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.6	17.3	15.9	16.7	17.4	15.9
15 to 64 years	66.5	67.1	66.0	67.9	68.4	67.5
65 years and over	16.9	15.6	18.1	15.4	14.2	16.6
85 years and over	2.2	1.6	2.8	2.1	1.5	2.7
Average age of the population	41.0	40.1	41.9	40.1	39.2	41.0
Median age of the population	41.2	40.2	42.2	40.1	39.0	41.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% dataCensus data footnote 5	14,072,080	...	...	373,760	...	...
Single-detached house	7,541,495	...	...	158,235	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,391,040	...	...	68,640	...	...
Other attached dwellingCensus data footnote 6	4,949,795	...	...	146,080	...	...
Semi-detached house	698,800	...	...	20,140	...	...
Row house	891,305	...	...	79,335	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	784,300	...	...	7,050	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,539,390	...	...	39,095	...	...
Other single-attached house	36,005	...	...	465	...	...
Movable dwellingCensus data footnote 7	189,755	...	...	800	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% dataCensus data footnote 8	14,072,080	...	...	373,755	...	...
1 person	3,969,790	...	...	105,745	...	...
2 persons	4,834,605	...	...	124,280	...	...
3 persons	2,140,640	...	...	58,015	...	...
4 persons	1,946,275	...	...	55,215	...	...
5 or more persons	1,180,770	...	...	30,500	...	...
Number of persons in private households	34,460,060	...	...	916,860	...	...
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% dataCensus data footnote 9	29,312,160	14,271,280	15,040,885	778,560	374,690	403,875
Married or living common law	16,893,720	8,452,135	8,441,585	437,495	218,705	218,790
Married	13,383,455	6,693,465	6,689,990	366,365	182,795	183,570
Living common law	3,510,265	1,758,670	1,751,590	71,135	35,910	35,225
Not married and not living common law	12,418,440	5,819,140	6,599,300	341,065	155,985	185,080
Never married	8,254,340	4,444,425	3,809,915	236,315	123,420	112,900
Separated	718,295	309,905	408,400	21,015	8,495	12,520
Divorced	1,816,005	725,535	1,090,470	46,005	16,540	29,460
Widowed	1,629,800	339,280	1,290,525	37,735	7,535	30,200
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% dataCensus data footnote 10	9,840,730	...	...	254,770	...	...
2 persons	5,007,790	...	...	123,850	...	...
3 persons	2,107,830	...	...	54,635	...	...
4 persons	1,909,935	...	...	53,400	...	...
5 or more persons	815,170	...	...	22,885	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 11	9,840,730	...	...	254,770	...	...
Total couple families	8,227,925	...	...	213,540	...	...
Married couples	6,474,005	...	...	177,990	...	...
Common-law couples	1,753,920	...	...	35,545	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	1,612,805	...	...	41,235	...	...
Female parent	1,262,340	...	...	32,865	...	...
Male parent	350,465	...	...	8,370	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	8,227,925	...	...	213,535	...	...
Couples without children	4,024,305	...	...	99,685	...	...
Couples with children	4,203,615	...	...	113,855	...	...
1 child	1,650,165	...	...	42,570	...	...
2 children	1,783,080	...	...	49,890	...	...
3 or more children	770,375	...	...	21,390	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	1,612,805	...	...	41,230	...	...
1 child	983,485	...	...	24,170	...	...
2 children	457,670	...	...	12,065	...	...
3 or more children	171,655	...	...	4,995	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	6,107,260	2,941,395	3,165,865	168,750	78,365	90,380
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% dataCensus data footnote 12	14,072,075	...	...	373,755	...	...
One-census-family households	9,218,225	...	...	243,065	...	...
Without children in a census familyCensus data footnote 13	3,782,095	...	...	94,930	...	...
With children in a census familyCensus data footnote 14	5,436,135	...	...	148,135	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	301,715	...	...	5,750	...	...
Non-census-family households	4,552,135	...	...	124,940	...	...
One-person households	3,969,790	...	...	105,750	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	582,350	...	...	19,190	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% dataCensus data footnote 15	34,767,255	17,101,170	17,666,080	923,375	449,330	474,040
English only	23,757,525	11,838,075	11,919,455	549,395	279,175	270,220
French only	4,144,685	1,925,845	2,218,840	12,680	5,070	7,610
English and French	6,216,065	3,071,325	3,144,740	347,510	159,620	187,885
Neither English nor French	648,970	265,920	383,045	13,790	5,470	8,320
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% dataCensus data footnote 16	34,767,250	17,101,165	17,666,085	923,375	449,330	474,040
English	26,007,500	12,852,330	13,155,165	749,725	370,365	379,355
French	7,705,755	3,780,105	3,925,650	138,900	63,600	75,300
English and French	417,485	209,130	208,355	21,305	10,070	11,235
Neither English nor French	636,515	259,600	376,910	13,445	5,295	8,150
Official language minority (number)Census data footnote 17	7,914,495	3,884,670	4,029,825	149,555	68,635	80,915
Official language minority (percentage)Census data footnote 17	22.8	22.7	22.8	16.2	15.3	17.1
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% dataCensus data footnote 18	34,767,255	17,101,170	17,666,085	923,370	449,330	474,040
Single responses	33,948,620	16,702,840	17,245,775	889,715	433,335	456,380
Official languages	26,627,555	13,201,620	13,425,940	689,300	338,895	350,400
English	19,460,850	9,680,125	9,780,725	562,075	280,205	281,875
French	7,166,705	3,521,495	3,645,215	127,225	58,690	68,535
Non-official languages	7,321,065	3,501,220	3,819,840	200,415	94,440	105,980
Aboriginal languages	195,700	94,795	100,900	650	245	405
Algonquian languages	130,450	62,930	67,520	275	115	160
Blackfoot	2,815	1,325	1,490	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	88,445	42,920	45,530	155	70	85
Atikamekw	6,150	3,135	3,015	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	10,230	4,885	5,350	5	0	0
Moose Cree	100	50	55	5	5	0
Naskapi	1,205	590	620	5	5	0
Northern East Cree	315	125	190	20	10	10
Plains Cree	3,065	1,360	1,710	10	5	5
Southern East Cree	45	20	25	0	0	5
Swampy Cree	1,440	585	850	25	10	15
Woods Cree	1,840	865	975	5	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	64,050	31,305	32,745	75	30	45
Eastern Algonquian languages	6,990	3,310	3,680	20	10	10
Malecite	305	140	160	5	0	0
Mi'kmaq	6,690	3,170	3,520	20	5	10
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	32,150	15,350	16,800	100	35	65
Algonquin	1,260	590	670	20	5	15
Ojibway	17,890	8,440	9,450	70	25	45
Oji-Cree	12,855	6,260	6,595	5	0	5
Ottawa (Odawa)	150	65	85	5	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	45	25	20	0	0	5
Athabaskan languages	17,365	8,325	9,045	5	0	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	17,315	8,310	9,010	10	0	5
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	110	55	60	0	0	0
Beaver	190	85	105	0	0	0
Carrier	1,025	465	565	0	0	0
Chilcotin	660	295	360	0	0	0
Dene	10,700	5,185	5,515	5	0	5
Dogrib (Tlicho)	1,645	840	815	0	0	5
Gwich'in	260	110	145	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	80	25	50	0	0	0
Sekani	90	45	45	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	1,995	950	1,045	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	765	365	400	0	0	0
South Slavey	945	455	495	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	280	130	150	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	270	135	140	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	180	90	90	0	0	0
Tahltan	95	40	50	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	290	120	170	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	215	90	135	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	70	30	40	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	50	20	35	0	0	0
Haida	75	35	40	0	0	0
Inuit languages	36,545	18,100	18,445	330	110	215
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	1,025	445	575	5	0	0
Inuktitut	35,215	17,530	17,680	295	95	200
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	315	125	185	30	15	15
Iroquoian languages	1,115	485	635	25	15	15
Cayuga	45	20	20	0	0	0
Mohawk	980	430	555	20	10	15
Oneida	55	20	40	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	5	5	0
Kutenai	105	55	55	0	0	0
Michif	465	230	235	0	0	0
Salish languages	2,305	1,130	1,180	5	0	0
Comox	80	45	40	0	0	0
Halkomelem	475	225	245	0	0	0
Lillooet	315	155	155	0	0	0
Okanagan	270	135	135	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	445	225	220	0	0	0
Squamish	40	20	20	0	0	0
Straits	80	40	40	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	335	150	185	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	255	135	125	0	0	0
Siouan languages	4,285	2,070	2,220	0	0	0
Dakota	1,215	570	635	0	0	0
Stoney	3,025	1,465	1,555	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	0	0	0
Tlingit	95	40	55	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	1,480	730	755	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	880	435	445	0	0	0
Nisga'a	400	200	200	0	0	0
Tsimshian	200	90	110	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	805	370	435	0	0	0
Haisla	90	40	50	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	95	40	55	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	325	145	185	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	285	135	140	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	585	295	295	5	5	5
Non-Aboriginal languages	7,125,365	3,406,425	3,718,945	199,765	94,195	105,570
Afro-Asiatic languages	575,365	298,060	277,300	44,350	22,200	22,150
Berber languages	22,135	11,865	10,270	375	200	180
Kabyle	13,150	6,995	6,155	250	130	115
Berber languages, n.i.e.	8,985	4,865	4,115	125	65	60
Cushitic languages	42,885	20,095	22,790	6,665	2,870	3,790
Bilen	805	455	350	45	25	25
Oromo	4,960	2,560	2,400	220	120	95
Somali	36,755	16,895	19,865	6,300	2,685	3,620
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	365	195	170	95	45	50
Semitic languages	509,190	265,465	243,725	37,255	19,100	18,160
Amharic	22,465	10,720	11,745	1,455	685	770
Arabic	419,890	220,785	199,105	34,295	17,670	16,625
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	16,070	7,910	8,160	75	35	45
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5,545	2,780	2,770	10	5	5
Harari	1,320	635	685	55	30	30
Hebrew	19,530	10,480	9,045	355	190	160
Maltese	5,565	2,765	2,800	35	10	20
Tigrigna	16,650	8,310	8,340	900	440	465
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	2,155	1,085	1,070	75	35	35
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	1,155	635	520	50	30	25
Austro-Asiatic languages	176,725	81,810	94,920	7,045	3,230	3,815
Khmer (Cambodian)	20,130	9,270	10,860	1,100	485	615
Vietnamese	156,425	72,470	83,955	5,935	2,740	3,190
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	170	65	100	10	5	5
Austronesian languages	511,480	211,580	299,900	7,785	2,840	4,950
Bikol	1,790	790	1,000	30	15	20
Cebuano	19,890	7,930	11,960	370	125	245
Fijian	745	400	345	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	6,885	2,680	4,205	110	35	75
Ilocano	26,345	10,620	15,720	575	225	350
Malagasy	1,430	665	760	55	25	25
Malay	12,275	5,255	7,020	395	165	235
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	4,040	1,865	2,175	20	10	15
Pangasinan	1,390	590	800	30	10	15
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	431,380	178,575	252,810	6,040	2,170	3,865
Waray-Waray	1,110	430	675	45	15	30
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	4,195	1,770	2,425	125	45	80
Creole languages	72,125	32,310	39,820	4,175	1,745	2,430
Haitian Creole	3,030	1,445	1,590	290	130	160
Creole, n.o.s.	64,105	28,455	35,660	3,705	1,535	2,170
Creole languages, n.i.e.	4,985	2,410	2,575	180	85	95
Dravidian languages	189,405	94,765	94,640	3,805	1,965	1,840
Kannada	3,970	2,040	1,935	220	115	110
Malayalam	28,570	14,770	13,800	660	345	315
Tamil	140,720	69,080	71,640	2,415	1,230	1,190
Telugu	15,655	8,640	7,020	490	265	220
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	490	240	250	25	15	10
Hmong-Mien languages	795	395	405	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	3,877,330	1,889,400	1,987,930	87,110	41,440	45,670
Albanian	26,890	13,610	13,285	660	320	335
Armenian	33,455	16,270	17,185	465	240	225
Balto-Slavic languages	701,975	323,640	378,340	20,270	9,085	11,190
Baltic languages	12,530	5,315	7,215	460	200	260
Latvian	5,455	2,350	3,105	250	110	140
Lithuanian	7,075	2,965	4,115	210	85	125
Slavic languages	689,450	318,325	371,115	19,815	8,885	10,930
Belarusan	810	385	430	40	20	20
Bosnian	12,210	6,035	6,180	600	275	325
Bulgarian	20,025	9,675	10,345	845	395	455
Croatian	48,200	23,540	24,665	1,005	460	540
Czech	22,290	10,525	11,765	910	405	505
Macedonian	16,775	8,050	8,725	65	25	35
Polish	181,710	82,435	99,275	5,520	2,485	3,035
Russian	188,255	85,400	102,855	6,150	2,680	3,470
Serbian	57,350	28,535	28,815	1,705	815	890
Serbo-Croatian	9,555	4,565	4,985	515	255	265
Slovak	17,580	8,075	9,510	575	260	315
Slovene (Slovenian)	9,790	4,415	5,370	210	85	125
Ukrainian	102,485	45,440	57,040	1,630	695	935
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	2,415	1,255	1,165	35	20	15
Celtic languages	2,690	1,335	1,360	110	50	60
Scottish Gaelic	1,090	540	550	45	20	15
Welsh	1,075	495	575	55	15	30
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	530	295	235	20	10	10
Germanic languages	538,765	258,410	280,350	8,680	3,980	4,705
Afrikaans	10,265	5,115	5,145	160	75	80
Danish	12,630	6,245	6,390	300	135	160
Dutch	99,020	48,200	50,820	2,215	1,065	1,150
Frisian	2,100	1,095	1,005	40	15	20
German	384,035	183,215	200,820	5,275	2,345	2,935
Icelandic	1,285	600	685	20	10	10
Norwegian	4,615	2,170	2,445	135	55	75
Swedish	6,840	3,015	3,825	280	140	135
Vlaams (Flemish)	3,895	1,730	2,165	80	35	40
Yiddish	13,555	6,750	6,800	180	100	75
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	525	280	240	15	5	10
Greek	106,525	53,350	53,170	2,115	1,105	1,010
Indo-Iranian languages	1,312,750	664,120	648,630	26,965	13,590	13,380
Indo-Aryan languages	1,064,760	538,530	526,235	18,345	9,255	9,090
Bengali	73,125	37,410	35,720	3,255	1,615	1,640
Gujarati	108,780	55,105	53,670	1,470	760	710
Hindi	110,640	55,880	54,765	2,875	1,475	1,405
Kashmiri	565	300	265	25	10	15
Konkani	3,330	1,625	1,710	105	50	55
Marathi	8,295	4,300	3,995	290	145	140
Nepali	18,275	9,230	9,045	925	440	485
Oriya (Odia)	1,055	560	495	40	20	20
Punjabi (Panjabi)	501,680	253,515	248,160	3,880	1,995	1,880
Sindhi	11,860	5,605	6,260	265	120	145
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	16,335	8,050	8,285	810	390	420
Urdu	210,815	106,960	103,860	4,405	2,220	2,180
Iranian languages	242,805	122,835	119,970	8,525	4,280	4,250
Kurdish	11,705	6,345	5,355	650	340	315
Pashto	16,910	8,760	8,145	1,025	515	505
Persian (Farsi)	214,200	107,725	106,470	6,850	3,420	3,430
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5,180	2,755	2,425	95	55	40
Italic (Romance) languages	1,154,270	558,660	595,615	27,840	13,070	14,765
Catalan	865	440	425	30	15	15
Italian	375,635	184,415	191,220	9,030	4,470	4,560
Portuguese	221,540	106,630	114,910	4,210	1,965	2,240
Romanian	96,665	46,195	50,470	2,565	1,165	1,400
Spanish	458,850	220,605	238,245	11,990	5,445	6,545
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	720	380	340	25	15	10
Japanese	43,640	14,790	28,855	990	300	685
Kartvelian languages	1,715	910	805	35	10	25
Georgian	1,715	910	805	35	10	20
Korean	153,425	70,310	83,115	2,065	880	1,190
Mongolic languages	1,575	690	885	35	15	15
Mongolian	1,575	690	880	30	15	20
Niger-Congo languages	91,375	45,075	46,305	5,380	2,360	3,015
Akan (Twi)	13,455	6,490	6,970	360	175	180
Bamanankan	1,535	815	720	80	30	45
Edo	1,670	770	900	35	15	15
Ewe	1,760	950	805	80	25	50
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	2,825	1,495	1,335	100	50	55
Ga	920	445	470	60	30	25
Ganda	1,295	625	665	120	55	65
Igbo	4,235	2,265	1,970	185	90	90
Lingala	3,810	1,785	2,025	320	115	205
Rundi (Kirundi)	5,845	2,785	3,060	840	360	475
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5,250	2,355	2,895	655	235	415
Shona	3,180	1,520	1,665	105	45	65
Swahili	13,370	6,385	6,990	1,100	485	615
Wolof	3,990	2,170	1,820	85	35	45
Yoruba	9,085	4,785	4,300	235	125	115
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	19,135	9,435	9,695	1,030	485	545
Nilo-Saharan languages	5,870	3,025	2,845	305	140	165
Dinka	2,120	1,115	1,000	85	45	40
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	3,755	1,910	1,840	220	95	120
Sign languages	7,500	3,925	3,575	225	110	115
American Sign Language	2,685	1,320	1,360	75	30	45
Quebec Sign Language	695	340	355	5	5	5
Sign languages, n.i.e	4,120	2,265	1,860	140	75	65
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,269,215	589,570	679,645	31,945	14,840	17,105
Chinese languages	1,253,360	581,650	671,715	31,130	14,445	16,690
Cantonese	565,270	262,865	302,405	10,160	4,780	5,380
Hakka	10,910	4,900	6,015	150	60	90
Mandarin	592,040	274,630	317,410	18,575	8,570	10,010
Min Dong	1,230	580	650	50	20	30
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	31,795	14,450	17,350	725	315	410
Wu (Shanghainese)	12,915	5,780	7,140	440	200	240
Chinese, n.o.s.	38,580	18,165	20,410	1,005	490	520
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	610	275	335	15	10	10
Tibeto-Burman languages	15,850	7,925	7,935	810	400	415
Burmese	3,585	1,795	1,790	230	115	110
Karenic languages	4,705	2,355	2,350	320	155	170
Tibetan	6,165	3,080	3,080	90	50	40
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	1,400	695	705	165	75	95
Tai-Kadai languages	22,010	8,870	13,145	690	245	445
Lao	12,670	6,145	6,525	345	155	190
Thai	9,255	2,690	6,565	345	90	255
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	80	35	55	5	0	5
Turkic languages	40,140	21,120	19,025	1,645	830	815
Azerbaijani	3,260	1,785	1,470	125	70	55
Turkish	32,815	17,375	15,440	1,385	700	685
Uyghur	1,035	510	525	10	5	5
Uzbek	1,715	855	865	60	30	35
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	1,315	590	720	60	30	35
Uralic languages	81,985	37,790	44,195	2,055	965	1,085
Estonian	5,445	2,325	3,115	155	70	80
Finnish	15,295	6,395	8,900	305	120	185
Hungarian	61,235	29,060	32,175	1,595	770	825
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	3,690	2,045	1,645	140	80	60
Multiple responses	818,635	398,325	420,305	33,660	16,000	17,660
English and French	165,320	80,460	84,860	12,295	5,820	6,475
English and non-official language	533,265	259,160	274,100	15,135	7,340	7,795
French and non-official language	86,150	42,170	43,985	3,815	1,730	2,085
English, French and non-official language	33,900	16,535	17,365	2,415	1,110	1,305
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% dataCensus data footnote 19	34,767,250	17,101,165	17,666,085	923,370	449,335	474,040
Single responses	33,103,860	16,298,475	16,805,395	866,210	422,345	443,865
Official languages	29,106,670	14,383,020	14,723,645	766,810	375,535	391,270
English	22,162,865	10,966,135	11,196,730	680,895	336,595	344,305
French	6,943,800	3,416,890	3,526,910	85,910	38,945	46,965
Non-official languages	3,997,195	1,915,450	2,081,750	99,405	46,805	52,600
Aboriginal languages	118,470	59,720	58,750	210	90	120
Algonquian languages	75,080	37,825	37,260	75	35	40
Blackfoot	1,115	555	555	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	55,825	28,135	27,685	60	25	35
Atikamekw	5,465	2,825	2,640	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	8,590	4,195	4,395	5	0	5
Moose Cree	10	5	5	5	0	0
Naskapi	1,200	595	605	5	0	0
Northern East Cree	110	55	60	10	5	5
Plains Cree	1,350	665	685	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	20	5	15	5	0	0
Swampy Cree	330	140	190	5	0	5
Woods Cree	800	410	390	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	37,945	19,240	18,710	30	15	15
Eastern Algonquian languages	3,615	1,795	1,820	5	5	0
Malecite	55	30	30	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	3,560	1,770	1,795	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	14,525	7,335	7,190	15	10	5
Algonquin	370	170	200	0	0	0
Ojibway	6,175	3,165	3,015	15	10	5
Oji-Cree	7,900	3,960	3,940	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	75	40	35	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	10,265	5,125	5,135	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10,255	5,120	5,135	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Beaver	50	30	20	0	0	0
Carrier	245	115	130	5	5	0
Chilcotin	255	125	130	0	0	0
Dene	7,710	3,805	3,905	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	1,020	550	475	0	0	0
Gwich'in	45	25	25	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sekani	15	10	5	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	820	425	395	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	340	180	155	0	0	0
South Slavey	370	190	185	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	105	55	55	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	25	15	15	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	25	10	10	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	5	5	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	30	15	15	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	25	15	10	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	10	0	5	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0	0	0
Haida	10	5	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	29,490	14,995	14,495	130	55	75
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	165	75	90	0	0	5
Inuktitut	29,230	14,885	14,345	120	50	70
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	90	40	55	15	5	5
Iroquoian languages	285	135	155	0	0	5
Cayuga	10	0	5	0	0	0
Mohawk	255	115	140	0	0	5
Oneida	15	5	10	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Kutenai	15	10	5	0	0	0
Michif	85	40	45	0	0	0
Salish languages	285	130	150	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	45	20	25	0	0	0
Lillooet	25	15	10	0	0	0
Okanagan	85	35	45	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	55	30	20	0	0	0
Squamish	5	0	5	0	0	0
Straits	20	10	15	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages	2,225	1,085	1,140	0	0	0
Dakota	255	140	120	0	0	0
Stoney	1,950	940	1,010	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0	0	0
Tlingit	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	410	210	190	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	315	155	155	0	0	0
Nisga'a	70	40	30	0	0	0
Tsimshian	25	15	15	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	75	45	35	0	0	0
Haisla	20	10	15	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	5	5	5	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	30	15	15	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	235	110	125	5	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	3,878,725	1,855,730	2,022,995	99,195	46,715	52,480
Afro-Asiatic languages	307,755	153,275	154,480	24,665	11,860	12,810
Berber languages	8,105	4,215	3,895	220	105	110
Kabyle	5,490	2,855	2,640	185	85	95
Berber languages, n.i.e.	2,620	1,365	1,260	40	20	15
Cushitic languages	27,095	12,455	14,640	3,860	1,580	2,275
Bilen	620	330	285	30	15	10
Oromo	3,410	1,700	1,710	130	70	65
Somali	22,895	10,340	12,555	3,640	1,475	2,165
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	185	85	95	60	20	35
Semitic languages	272,100	136,390	135,720	20,580	10,165	10,415
Amharic	12,780	6,010	6,770	840	395	445
Arabic	223,540	112,690	110,850	19,100	9,455	9,645
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10,510	5,090	5,425	35	15	20
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	3,445	1,695	1,750	0	0	0
Harari	735	335	400	20	10	15
Hebrew	8,560	4,425	4,135	135	75	60
Maltese	1,130	525	605	5	5	0
Tigrigna	10,205	5,040	5,170	415	195	225
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	1,200	585	620	20	15	10
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	440	215	230	10	5	5
Austro-Asiatic languages	115,210	53,500	61,710	4,145	1,900	2,245
Khmer (Cambodian)	10,880	4,940	5,945	460	195	260
Vietnamese	104,245	48,525	55,725	3,680	1,700	1,980
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	85	40	45	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	239,785	108,110	131,680	3,335	1,395	1,940
Bikol	290	140	155	5	0	5
Cebuano	7,210	3,325	3,880	120	55	70
Fijian	195	105	90	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	2,205	970	1,240	45	15	25
Ilocano	9,125	4,045	5,080	230	110	120
Malagasy	435	220	210	15	5	5
Malay	3,620	1,710	1,910	120	50	65
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	1,200	565	630	0	0	0
Pangasinan	240	110	135	10	5	5
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	213,790	96,235	117,555	2,740	1,130	1,610
Waray-Waray	310	135	170	10	5	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	1,160	545	620	40	20	20
Creole languages	27,860	12,005	15,850	1,825	740	1,085
Haitian Creole	1,280	575	705	155	70	85
Creole, n.o.s.	24,575	10,510	14,060	1,605	645	955
Creole languages, n.i.e.	2,005	920	1,085	65	30	35
Dravidian languages	122,490	59,780	62,710	1,850	915	935
Kannada	1,630	825	800	75	45	35
Malayalam	15,440	7,865	7,575	285	145	135
Tamil	96,955	46,570	50,385	1,285	615	670
Telugu	8,280	4,430	3,850	195	110	85
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	190	85	105	10	5	5
Hmong-Mien languages	340	160	180	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,911,215	927,225	983,985	37,275	17,645	19,625
Albanian	13,135	6,575	6,560	295	145	155
Armenian	21,505	10,165	11,345	205	95	110
Balto-Slavic languages	314,965	149,315	165,650	8,920	4,190	4,730
Baltic languages	3,275	1,400	1,870	105	45	60
Latvian	1,255	530	725	55	25	35
Lithuanian	2,020	870	1,150	50	20	30
Slavic languages	311,690	147,910	163,780	8,815	4,145	4,670
Belarusan	230	105	120	20	10	5
Bosnian	6,045	3,010	3,040	305	155	155
Bulgarian	11,985	5,835	6,150	400	190	210
Croatian	16,775	7,980	8,795	325	145	180
Czech	6,235	3,060	3,180	205	95	110
Macedonian	6,830	3,250	3,580	10	5	5
Polish	74,780	34,910	39,870	1,990	920	1,080
Russian	116,595	55,175	61,425	3,620	1,690	1,930
Serbian	31,750	15,665	16,085	1,005	500	500
Serbo-Croatian	3,885	1,865	2,020	200	100	95
Slovak	5,615	2,685	2,920	195	85	105
Slovene (Slovenian)	2,050	905	1,145	20	10	10
Ukrainian	28,250	13,150	15,100	510	235	270
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	670	310	360	5	0	0
Celtic languages	360	205	155	10	5	0
Scottish Gaelic	185	105	80	5	5	5
Welsh	95	50	45	5	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	80	50	30	0	0	0
Germanic languages	146,455	71,835	74,615	915	420	495
Afrikaans	4,790	2,355	2,435	40	20	20
Danish	855	410	445	20	10	10
Dutch	9,565	4,630	4,935	145	65	80
Frisian	185	95	90	0	5	0
German	120,335	58,905	61,435	625	275	355
Icelandic	270	120	150	0	0	0
Norwegian	345	145	200	10	5	5
Swedish	1,045	500	545	55	35	15
Vlaams (Flemish)	355	170	185	0	0	5
Yiddish	7,080	3,695	3,385	15	5	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	1,625	820	810	0	0	0
Greek	44,545	21,110	23,440	625	300	325
Indo-Iranian languages	838,755	416,960	421,795	14,670	7,155	7,510
Indo-Aryan languages	676,185	337,440	338,745	9,590	4,740	4,845
Bengali	47,350	23,585	23,765	1,945	935	1,010
Gujarati	64,150	31,740	32,405	610	310	295
Hindi	55,510	27,805	27,710	1,285	645	635
Kashmiri	135	70	70	10	5	5
Konkani	720	355	370	35	15	20
Marathi	3,780	1,940	1,840	115	50	60
Nepali	13,375	6,710	6,670	735	360	370
Oriya (Odia)	470	235	240	10	5	10
Punjabi (Panjabi)	349,145	174,905	174,240	2,190	1,105	1,080
Sindhi	4,975	2,280	2,695	65	25	35
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	7,790	3,860	3,925	385	190	195
Urdu	128,785	63,965	64,820	2,215	1,090	1,120
Iranian languages	160,195	78,310	81,880	5,055	2,400	2,655
Kurdish	6,580	3,400	3,175	370	195	175
Pashto	10,590	5,305	5,290	645	310	335
Persian (Farsi)	143,020	69,600	73,425	4,035	1,895	2,145
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	2,375	1,215	1,160	25	15	10
Italic (Romance) languages	531,485	251,050	280,440	11,635	5,340	6,295
Catalan	355	165	190	15	5	10
Italian	115,415	49,975	65,440	2,500	1,115	1,385
Portuguese	98,710	46,915	51,795	1,850	865	980
Romanian	53,320	25,795	27,525	1,190	555	635
Spanish	263,510	128,110	135,400	6,070	2,800	3,270
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	180	85	95	5	0	5
Japanese	19,785	8,265	11,515	385	135	245
Kartvelian languages	1,040	565	475	5	5	5
Georgian	1,035	565	475	5	5	5
Korean	109,705	51,385	58,320	1,140	530	615
Mongolic languages	910	440	470	15	10	5
Mongolian	910	435	470	15	10	5
Niger-Congo languages	28,665	13,340	15,320	1,480	660	820
Akan (Twi)	5,990	2,695	3,295	125	60	65
Bamanankan	340	180	160	10	5	10
Edo	415	175	240	5	0	0
Ewe	410	185	225	25	10	15
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	825	400	425	25	10	15
Ga	250	105	140	15	5	5
Ganda	345	160	185	30	10	20
Igbo	1,000	485	510	55	30	25
Lingala	1,045	455	590	65	25	50
Rundi (Kirundi)	2,110	990	1,115	265	130	135
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	1,530	670	865	230	80	145
Shona	1,035	475	560	25	15	10
Swahili	5,370	2,500	2,870	380	175	205
Wolof	1,380	745	635	30	15	20
Yoruba	2,615	1,275	1,340	55	30	30
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	4,010	1,850	2,160	150	70	80
Nilo-Saharan languages	2,650	1,305	1,350	80	35	45
Dinka	1,130	580	550	25	15	15
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	1,525	730	800	50	20	30
Sign languages	10,445	5,870	4,570	310	165	145
American Sign Language	3,015	1,560	1,460	105	50	55
Quebec Sign Language	730	375	355	10	5	5
Sign languages, n.i.e	6,690	3,935	2,755	195	115	80
Sino-Tibetan languages	924,720	433,530	491,190	21,040	9,955	11,095
Chinese languages	913,365	427,860	485,505	20,465	9,675	10,790
Cantonese	400,215	184,340	215,885	5,840	2,685	3,160
Hakka	4,080	1,820	2,265	45	15	35
Mandarin	462,890	220,075	242,815	13,455	6,430	7,020
Min Dong	345	150	195	15	10	5
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	13,965	6,345	7,625	280	120	165
Wu (Shanghainese)	7,650	3,580	4,075	250	120	130
Chinese, n.o.s.	23,935	11,440	12,500	570	300	270
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	280	130	150	5	0	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	11,350	5,670	5,680	580	275	305
Burmese	2,245	1,115	1,125	150	65	80
Karenic languages	3,865	1,935	1,930	245	120	125
Tibetan	4,590	2,305	2,280	70	35	30
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	655	305	345	110	50	65
Tai-Kadai languages	9,565	4,455	5,110	255	100	155
Lao	6,175	2,995	3,180	165	70	90
Thai	3,360	1,450	1,915	95	30	65
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	30	15	15	0	0	0
Turkic languages	22,250	11,205	11,045	855	420	440
Azerbaijani	1,245	640	610	50	20	25
Turkish	18,955	9,525	9,430	745	360	385
Uyghur	610	315	290	0	5	0
Uzbek	990	505	490	35	20	20
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	455	230	225	20	15	5
Uralic languages	23,245	10,715	12,535	500	235	265
Estonian	975	365	610	20	10	15
Finnish	2,790	1,220	1,565	35	15	20
Hungarian	19,485	9,125	10,355	445	215	235
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	1,110	605	500	30	20	10
Multiple responses	1,663,390	802,695	860,690	57,160	26,990	30,170
English and French	160,185	77,940	82,235	12,485	5,755	6,730
English and non-official language	1,284,975	620,375	664,600	36,690	17,710	18,980
French and non-official language	148,915	70,915	78,000	3,305	1,395	1,905
English, French and non-official language	69,315	33,465	35,850	4,685	2,130	2,555
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% dataCensus data footnote 20	34,767,255	17,101,165	17,666,080	923,370	449,335	474,040
None	29,615,245	14,612,175	15,003,065	705,920	348,060	357,855
English	2,109,340	1,045,215	1,064,120	80,960	38,225	42,735
French	731,095	342,245	388,855	59,935	27,445	32,485
Non-official language	2,151,690	1,023,940	1,127,750	67,660	31,560	36,095
Aboriginal	90,740	42,890	47,850	405	150	255
Non-Aboriginal	2,060,945	981,055	1,079,895	67,250	31,415	35,845
English and French	47,970	23,785	24,190	2,595	1,220	1,380
English and non-official language	61,075	30,045	31,030	2,415	1,125	1,290
French and non-official language	48,755	22,690	26,065	3,800	1,650	2,155
English, French and non-official language	2,080	1,075	1,010	90	50	40
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 21	28,642,980	13,990,620	14,652,355	761,420	367,465	393,960
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	27,488,530	13,444,335	14,044,190	728,275	351,485	376,785
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,204	40,782	28,860	41,857	48,479	36,936
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	27,499,185	13,449,010	14,050,175	728,540	351,520	377,015
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,866	35,933	26,621	37,136	42,234	33,174
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	24,583,315	12,296,595	12,286,725	663,315	324,730	338,580
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,762	39,925	26,613	41,826	48,921	35,935
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	19,743,240	8,755,815	10,987,430	502,905	222,930	279,970
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	5,453	4,199	6,136	3,215	1,434	4,358
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	20,428,685	10,547,760	9,880,925	546,025	274,955	271,070
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,684	39,836	28,474	40,955	46,070	36,746
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 22	28,643,015	13,990,430	14,652,585	761,420	367,445	393,970
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	27,489,395	13,441,555	14,047,845	728,080	351,200	376,885
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	47,487	56,740	38,632	54,605	62,746	47,019
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	27,500,230	13,446,230	14,053,995	728,360	351,215	377,145
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,977	45,404	32,828	44,428	50,106	39,141
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	24,584,065	12,295,015	12,289,055	663,600	324,535	339,065
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,885	56,803	36,962	54,792	63,743	46,224
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	19,742,130	8,752,070	10,990,060	502,785	222,905	279,880
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,738	7,345	8,050	6,757	6,055	7,317
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	20,428,670	10,542,540	9,886,130	546,025	274,445	271,585
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,057	54,369	37,193	53,088	60,456	45,642
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 23	28,643,015	13,990,430	14,652,585	761,420	367,445	393,975
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 24	9,367,045	5,231,015	4,136,035	279,480	150,600	128,880
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)Census data footnote 25	53,431	59,326	47,420	65,546	70,955	60,631
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)Census data footnote 26	65,997	74,289	55,510	75,111	82,331	66,674
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% dataCensus data footnote 27	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)Census data footnote 28	88.3	91.6	83.7	91.4	93.9	88.4
Employment income (%)Census data footnote 29	72.0	75.2	67.7	72.8	75.0	70.0
Government transfers (%)Census data footnote 30	11.7	8.4	16.3	8.6	6.1	11.6
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 31	28,642,980	13,990,620	14,652,360	761,420	367,460	393,960
Without total income	1,154,450	546,285	608,165	33,150	15,975	17,170
With total income	27,488,530	13,444,335	14,044,195	728,270	351,485	376,785
Percentage with total income	96.0	96.1	95.8	95.6	95.7	95.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,877,620	1,668,960	2,208,655	99,190	45,455	53,735
$10,000 to $19,999	4,680,380	1,867,600	2,812,785	107,875	44,780	63,095
$20,000 to $29,999	3,807,840	1,593,335	2,214,505	78,010	32,865	45,140
$30,000 to $39,999	3,206,175	1,472,670	1,733,510	66,625	28,950	37,675
$40,000 to $49,999	2,827,045	1,376,565	1,450,480	63,305	27,810	35,495
$50,000 to $59,999	2,179,775	1,145,685	1,034,090	58,010	26,620	31,385
$60,000 to $69,999	1,655,070	938,755	716,310	51,610	25,380	26,225
$70,000 to $79,999	1,271,850	745,830	526,015	42,025	21,880	20,145
$80,000 to $89,999	966,885	579,290	387,590	36,810	19,765	17,050
$90,000 to $99,999	749,290	452,240	297,050	32,270	17,200	15,075
$100,000 and over	2,266,600	1,603,400	663,195	92,540	60,775	31,755
$100,000 to $149,999	1,493,570	1,024,210	469,365	65,295	41,095	24,200
$150,000 and over	773,025	579,190	193,830	27,240	19,680	7,555
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 32	28,642,980	13,990,620	14,652,360	761,420	367,460	393,955
Without after-tax income	1,143,795	541,620	602,175	32,885	15,940	16,945
With after-tax income	27,499,185	13,449,010	14,050,175	728,535	351,520	377,015
Percentage with after-tax income	96.0	96.1	95.9	95.7	95.7	95.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,004,475	1,706,825	2,297,645	103,495	46,300	57,195
$10,000 to $19,999	4,905,055	1,972,920	2,932,130	112,265	46,980	65,280
$20,000 to $29,999	4,489,925	1,926,175	2,563,755	89,985	38,510	51,475
$30,000 to $39,999	3,924,960	1,870,705	2,054,250	81,960	35,860	46,105
$40,000 to $49,999	3,144,200	1,619,670	1,524,525	78,235	35,235	43,000
$50,000 to $59,999	2,209,280	1,245,570	963,705	68,435	33,495	34,940
$60,000 to $69,999	1,540,300	912,230	628,065	54,560	29,055	25,510
$70,000 to $79,999	1,076,180	654,570	421,610	45,775	24,715	21,060
$80,000 and over	2,204,820	1,540,335	664,485	93,820	61,380	32,440
$80,000 to $89,999	688,705	444,550	244,145	32,630	19,255	13,375
$90,000 to $99,999	420,975	291,090	129,885	19,260	12,495	6,760
$100,000 and over	1,095,140	804,690	290,445	41,935	29,625	12,310
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 33	28,642,980	13,990,625	14,652,360	761,420	367,465	393,955
Without employment income	8,214,295	3,442,860	4,771,430	215,395	92,505	122,890
With employment income	20,428,690	10,547,760	9,880,925	546,025	274,955	271,065
Percentage with employment income	71.3	75.4	67.4	71.7	74.8	68.8
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,778,990	1,357,430	1,421,560	67,195	32,650	34,540
$5,000 to $9,999	1,602,140	697,025	905,120	40,580	18,300	22,280
$10,000 to $19,999	2,736,010	1,212,855	1,523,155	65,320	29,695	35,620
$20,000 to $29,999	2,293,785	1,022,090	1,271,695	50,625	23,530	27,090
$30,000 to $39,999	2,149,860	1,001,065	1,148,795	44,810	21,215	23,600
$40,000 to $49,999	1,928,565	946,625	981,940	43,030	19,570	23,455
$50,000 to $59,999	1,554,100	839,045	715,055	40,775	18,705	22,070
$60,000 to $69,999	1,220,310	708,270	512,040	36,550	17,765	18,790
$70,000 to $79,999	992,170	591,945	400,225	29,650	15,365	14,285
$80,000 and over	3,172,770	2,171,415	1,001,355	127,485	78,160	49,325
$80,000 to $89,999	773,755	475,700	298,055	29,530	15,440	14,085
$90,000 to $99,999	623,980	382,330	241,650	26,485	14,205	12,280
$100,000 and over	1,775,030	1,313,385	461,645	71,475	48,515	22,960
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% dataCensus data footnote 34	14,072,080	...	...	373,755	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	70,336	...	...	85,981	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	61,348	...	...	73,745	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	3,969,790	...	...	105,750	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	35,174	...	...	47,369	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,446	...	...	41,026	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	10,102,290	...	...	268,010	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	88,249	...	...	107,064	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	76,419	...	...	91,248	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 35	14,072,075	...	...	373,755	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	92,764	...	...	106,372	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	76,171	...	...	86,579	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	3,967,765	...	...	105,745	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	46,799	...	...	56,590	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	38,685	...	...	46,078	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	10,104,315	...	...	268,015	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	110,813	...	...	126,013	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	90,890	...	...	102,559	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 36	14,072,075	...	...	373,755	...	...
Under $5,000	228,790	...	...	6,250	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	200,315	...	...	4,895	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	374,575	...	...	9,090	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	565,940	...	...	11,450	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	602,800	...	...	10,410	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	538,710	...	...	10,920	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	603,480	...	...	11,170	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	606,600	...	...	11,660	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	596,110	...	...	12,120	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	578,325	...	...	12,150	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,097,345	...	...	24,805	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,010,415	...	...	24,765	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	924,320	...	...	23,225	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	836,765	...	...	22,580	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	745,655	...	...	21,430	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,561,920	...	...	156,845	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,470,255	...	...	43,795	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,016,245	...	...	32,760	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,116,140	...	...	42,310	...	...
$200,000 and over	959,285	...	...	37,975	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 32	14,072,075	...	...	373,755	...	...
Under $5,000	243,780	...	...	6,610	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	203,865	...	...	4,965	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	380,680	...	...	9,220	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	591,660	...	...	11,915	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	673,740	...	...	11,650	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	628,225	...	...	12,400	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	719,825	...	...	13,335	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	725,675	...	...	14,530	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	711,180	...	...	15,340	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	691,695	...	...	15,625	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,299,680	...	...	31,215	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,169,515	...	...	29,345	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,041,635	...	...	28,265	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	900,055	...	...	25,855	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	757,295	...	...	22,545	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,333,575	...	...	120,940	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,371,945	...	...	43,900	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	809,540	...	...	30,500	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,152,090	...	...	46,540	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 37	9,688,845	...	...	253,410	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	88,306	...	...	109,083	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	76,372	...	...	92,624	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	3,706,220	...	...	92,815	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	78,976	...	...	102,233	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	68,309	...	...	86,602	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	4,222,140	...	...	114,330	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	113,465	...	...	137,926	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	96,608	...	...	115,637	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,481,410	...	...	38,760	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	53,193	...	...	62,761	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	48,856	...	...	56,633	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 38	9,689,855	...	...	253,435	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	111,235	...	...	128,219	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	91,040	...	...	104,030	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	3,706,400	...	...	92,930	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	101,086	...	...	121,150	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	82,296	...	...	97,430	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	4,225,855	...	...	114,320	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	137,094	...	...	154,772	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	111,307	...	...	124,814	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,477,190	...	...	38,640	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	65,549	...	...	72,479	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	56,687	...	...	62,341	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 21	5,313,545	2,608,845	2,704,705	148,795	70,370	78,425
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)Census data footnote 39	31,890	34,483	29,801	38,585	37,101	39,770
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)Census data footnote 39	28,959	30,746	27,495	34,525	33,178	35,479
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 40	5,299,050	2,596,985	2,702,070	148,300	69,825	78,475
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)Census data footnote 41	42,939	46,085	39,915	48,967	48,862	49,060
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)Census data footnote 41	35,801	37,724	33,952	40,421	40,027	40,772
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 42	34,460,065	16,971,550	17,488,515	916,860	446,515	470,340
In the bottom half of the distribution	17,229,835	8,256,970	8,972,865	351,750	167,740	184,005
In the bottom decile	3,445,950	1,672,900	1,773,050	87,465	42,945	44,520
In the second decile	3,445,660	1,564,965	1,880,700	68,570	31,895	36,675
In the third decile	3,446,165	1,641,930	1,804,235	61,290	28,955	32,335
In the fourth decile	3,445,850	1,677,120	1,768,730	63,430	30,120	33,310
In the fifth decile	3,446,210	1,700,060	1,746,150	71,005	33,830	37,170
In the top half of the distribution	17,230,230	8,714,580	8,515,650	565,110	278,780	286,330
In the sixth decile	3,445,695	1,716,510	1,729,185	80,420	38,465	41,955
In the seventh decile	3,446,470	1,730,975	1,715,500	92,480	44,840	47,640
In the eighth decile	3,445,940	1,741,640	1,704,300	110,280	54,295	55,980
In the ninth decile	3,446,045	1,751,850	1,694,195	136,925	67,890	69,030
In the top decile	3,446,080	1,773,600	1,672,475	145,010	73,280	71,730
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% dataCensus data footnote 43	33,968,295	16,724,265	17,244,035	916,855	446,515	470,340
0 to 17 years	6,836,380	3,504,250	3,332,125	187,700	95,495	92,200
0 to 5 years	2,228,770	1,142,505	1,086,270	59,200	30,145	29,055
18 to 64 years	21,695,090	10,690,090	11,005,005	596,805	290,300	306,500
65 years and over	5,436,830	2,529,930	2,906,905	132,355	60,720	71,640
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	4,809,940	2,243,200	2,566,740	115,180	54,570	60,600
0 to 17 years	1,163,830	597,570	566,255	30,100	15,570	14,530
0 to 5 years	396,095	203,055	193,030	10,145	5,285	4,860
18 to 64 years	2,855,290	1,341,590	1,513,700	72,620	34,105	38,515
65 years and over	790,825	304,040	486,780	12,455	4,895	7,560
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.2	13.4	14.9	12.6	12.2	12.9
0 to 17 years (%)	17.0	17.1	17.0	16.0	16.3	15.8
0 to 5 years (%)	17.8	17.8	17.8	17.1	17.5	16.7
18 to 64 years (%)	13.2	12.5	13.8	12.2	11.7	12.6
65 years and over (%)	14.5	12.0	16.7	9.4	8.1	10.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,128,995	1,519,370	1,609,630	98,920	48,130	50,785
0 to 17 years	696,025	357,255	338,770	22,685	11,680	11,005
0 to 5 years	236,435	121,170	115,260	7,780	4,065	3,710
18 to 64 years	2,157,745	1,057,585	1,100,160	68,040	33,345	34,695
65 years and over	275,225	104,525	170,695	8,190	3,105	5,085
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	9.2	9.1	9.3	10.8	10.8	10.8
0 to 17 years (%)	10.2	10.2	10.2	12.1	12.2	11.9
0 to 5 years (%)	10.6	10.6	10.6	13.1	13.5	12.8
18 to 64 years (%)	9.9	9.9	10.0	11.4	11.5	11.3
65 years and over (%)	5.1	4.1	5.9	6.2	5.1	7.1
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 44	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485	916,855	446,520	470,340
Official languages	33,818,210	16,709,290	17,108,920	903,140	441,100	462,035
English	29,748,265	14,806,270	14,941,995	890,735	436,345	454,390
French	10,242,945	4,952,455	5,290,495	358,170	163,500	194,665
Non-official languages	9,369,280	4,488,185	4,881,090	276,220	129,515	146,710
Aboriginal languages	263,845	127,550	136,295	1,140	430	710
Algonquian languages	177,570	85,505	92,065	490	195	295
Blackfoot	5,645	2,695	2,950	0	0	10
Cree-Montagnais languages	116,585	56,515	60,070	205	80	125
Atikamekw	6,640	3,335	3,305	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	11,440	5,500	5,945	0	0	0
Moose Cree	195	80	115	0	0	0
Naskapi	1,465	710	755	20	10	10
Northern East Cree	545	225	320	30	15	15
Plains Cree	5,905	2,705	3,200	10	0	0
Southern East Cree	40	30	10	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	2,345	995	1,350	50	20	35
Woods Cree	2,665	1,230	1,435	15	0	10
Cree, n.o.s.	86,115	42,080	44,035	80	30	50
Eastern Algonquian languages	9,765	4,710	5,050	35	20	15
Malecite	755	370	390	10	10	0
Mi'kmaq	9,025	4,350	4,670	20	10	15
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	46,685	22,100	24,585	255	95	160
Algonquin	2,480	1,165	1,315	40	25	20
Ojibway	28,585	13,365	15,220	200	70	120
Oji-Cree	15,610	7,575	8,030	15	0	10
Ottawa (Odawa)	205	105	105	10	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	120	60	60	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	23,655	11,340	12,320	15	0	15
Northern Athabaskan languages	23,570	11,300	12,265	15	10	15
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	210	105	100	0	0	0
Beaver	340	180	165	0	0	0
Carrier	2,105	955	1,145	0	0	0
Chilcotin	1,150	535	610	0	0	0
Dene	13,060	6,270	6,790	10	0	10
Dogrib (Tlicho)	2,375	1,210	1,165	0	0	0
Gwich'in	360	165	200	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	150	60	90	0	0	0
Sekani	185	85	100	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	2,815	1,340	1,475	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	1,010	475	530	0	0	0
South Slavey	1,365	660	710	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	680	320	360	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	630	340	285	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	365	205	170	0	0	0
Tahltan	270	140	130	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	420	160	260	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	285	115	170	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	145	50	95	10	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	85	35	50	0	0	0
Haida	465	205	260	0	0	0
Inuit languages	42,980	21,355	21,630	585	220	365
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	1,975	895	1,080	10	0	10
Inuktitut	40,620	20,280	20,340	530	200	330
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	470	225	240	45	15	30
Iroquoian languages	2,800	1,240	1,555	55	15	40
Cayuga	125	40	85	0	0	0
Mohawk	2,415	1,120	1,295	55	10	40
Oneida	180	60	125	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	115	45	75	0	0	0
Kutenai	175	95	80	0	0	0
Michif	1,210	585	625	0	0	0
Salish languages	5,750	2,730	3,015	0	0	0
Comox	185	75	110	0	0	0
Halkomelem	1,060	475	585	0	0	0
Lillooet	790	405	385	0	0	0
Okanagan	820	370	450	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	1,305	640	665	0	0	0
Squamish	285	125	155	0	0	0
Straits	360	160	200	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	450	220	235	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	565	295	270	0	0	0
Siouan languages	5,430	2,665	2,770	0	0	0
Dakota	1,760	870	890	0	0	0
Stoney	3,675	1,805	1,875	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	140	70	70	0	0	0
Tlingit	260	140	120	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	2,730	1,350	1,380	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	1,305	645	660	0	0	0
Nisga'a	1,060	545	515	0	0	0
Tsimshian	410	180	235	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	1,490	680	805	0	0	0
Haisla	175	65	110	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	125	50	75	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	605	285	320	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	565	265	300	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	30	20	10	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	665	310	360	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	9,107,075	4,361,420	4,745,660	275,145	129,110	146,030
Afro-Asiatic languages	837,355	432,560	404,795	61,550	30,865	30,685
Berber languages	29,460	15,745	13,715	545	285	255
Kabyle	17,120	9,100	8,015	420	220	195
Berber languages, n.i.e.	12,505	6,735	5,775	125	60	60
Cushitic languages	57,125	26,870	30,250	9,300	4,160	5,140
Bilen	1,085	625	470	90	55	35
Oromo	6,245	3,070	3,175	380	175	210
Somali	49,665	23,070	26,590	8,770	3,895	4,875
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	480	220	265	135	50	85
Semitic languages	771,130	400,780	370,350	52,705	26,895	25,810
Amharic	33,670	16,675	16,995	1,980	945	1,040
Arabic	629,055	329,235	299,820	48,135	24,675	23,465
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	19,745	9,720	10,020	80	35	50
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	7,115	3,505	3,610	0	0	0
Harari	1,710	855	860	40	25	15
Hebrew	75,020	38,730	36,290	1,865	1,010	855
Maltese	7,625	3,760	3,870	65	25	40
Tigrigna	21,340	10,640	10,705	1,170	490	680
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	3,220	1,655	1,565	240	155	90
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	2,775	1,440	1,335	135	65	70
Austro-Asiatic languages	224,865	105,845	119,020	8,690	4,100	4,595
Khmer (Cambodian)	27,035	12,640	14,400	1,520	680	845
Vietnamese	198,895	93,735	105,155	7,215	3,440	3,775
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	190	70	120	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	656,200	273,075	383,125	10,160	3,765	6,395
Bikol	2,075	885	1,190	30	10	20
Cebuano	27,045	10,960	16,085	570	210	355
Fijian	1,660	955	705	10	0	10
Hiligaynon	7,925	3,200	4,720	160	55	105
Ilocano	34,530	13,805	20,730	705	300	405
Malagasy	2,335	1,120	1,220	100	55	50
Malay	22,470	10,370	12,100	620	270	350
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5,425	2,445	2,980	65	25	40
Pangasinan	1,800	790	1,015	55	20	35
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	612,735	253,210	359,530	9,095	3,295	5,795
Waray-Waray	1,395	530	860	35	0	25
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5,585	2,540	3,040	110	50	55
Creole languages	155,615	70,545	85,070	9,360	3,920	5,435
Haitian Creole	6,850	3,140	3,710	445	165	280
Creole, n.o.s.	133,045	59,890	73,160	8,320	3,490	4,835
Creole languages, n.i.e.	16,635	7,955	8,675	630	280	350
Dravidian languages	250,180	126,220	123,960	5,060	2,555	2,505
Kannada	8,245	4,180	4,065	465	230	235
Malayalam	37,810	19,410	18,400	835	375	460
Tamil	189,860	94,640	95,220	3,330	1,700	1,625
Telugu	23,160	12,770	10,390	790	425	370
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	790	385	405	30	20	10
Hmong-Mien languages	870	435	435	10	10	0
Indo-European languages	5,158,010	2,506,455	2,651,555	130,605	61,380	69,225
Albanian	31,930	16,140	15,790	785	385	410
Armenian	41,295	19,980	21,315	665	350	315
Balto-Slavic languages	817,315	384,960	432,350	24,530	11,210	13,325
Baltic languages	14,675	6,470	8,205	535	225	305
Latvian	6,500	2,960	3,540	260	105	155
Lithuanian	8,185	3,510	4,675	270	115	150
Slavic languages	805,915	379,965	425,945	24,090	11,010	13,085
Belarusan	2,265	1,070	1,195	120	60	60
Bosnian	18,265	9,055	9,215	1,025	475	555
Bulgarian	22,425	10,920	11,505	1,045	490	560
Croatian	69,840	34,515	35,325	1,830	905	930
Czech	28,720	13,675	15,050	1,315	570	750
Macedonian	23,075	11,190	11,880	95	35	65
Polish	214,965	99,365	115,600	6,535	2,970	3,560
Russian	269,645	127,055	142,595	9,135	4,210	4,925
Serbian	73,775	37,040	36,740	2,075	1,015	1,065
Serbo-Croatian	11,275	5,525	5,750	560	290	270
Slovak	21,470	10,215	11,255	910	380	525
Slovene (Slovenian)	11,495	5,205	6,290	265	125	140
Ukrainian	132,115	58,820	73,300	2,285	960	1,330
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	3,000	1,590	1,405	55	10	40
Celtic languages	9,165	4,705	4,455	395	185	205
Scottish Gaelic	3,980	2,010	1,975	155	75	75
Welsh	1,690	830	860	85	30	50
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	3,590	1,915	1,680	160	85	75
Germanic languages	695,535	337,215	358,320	16,750	7,935	8,815
Afrikaans	23,410	11,795	11,610	405	200	205
Danish	15,745	7,320	8,425	430	190	235
Dutch	120,865	57,885	62,990	2,850	1,330	1,525
Frisian	2,910	1,515	1,395	55	20	35
German	502,730	245,745	256,985	12,200	5,800	6,405
Icelandic	1,780	830	945	45	25	25
Norwegian	8,120	3,860	4,260	345	145	200
Swedish	14,140	6,510	7,635	600	295	305
Vlaams (Flemish)	4,400	1,945	2,455	80	35	40
Yiddish	20,985	10,435	10,550	360	180	175
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	8,710	4,425	4,285	25	15	10
Greek	150,965	75,510	75,455	3,090	1,540	1,545
Indo-Iranian languages	1,658,220	840,850	817,365	35,325	17,915	17,405
Indo-Aryan languages	1,387,805	704,370	683,435	25,805	13,125	12,680
Bengali	91,220	46,935	44,285	4,250	2,180	2,070
Gujarati	149,045	74,765	74,285	2,270	1,220	1,050
Hindi	433,365	221,665	211,700	10,335	5,355	4,980
Kashmiri	905	490	420	10	10	0
Konkani	6,790	3,185	3,605	140	75	65
Marathi	15,570	8,200	7,365	565	305	255
Nepali	21,380	10,915	10,470	1,275	640	635
Oriya (Odia)	1,535	755	775	75	40	35
Punjabi (Panjabi)	668,240	341,450	326,790	6,235	3,220	3,015
Sindhi	20,260	9,310	10,945	500	220	275
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	27,825	13,970	13,855	1,070	485	585
Urdu	322,220	164,685	157,535	7,175	3,600	3,570
Iranian languages	281,715	142,030	139,680	10,040	5,075	4,960
Kurdish	15,290	8,290	7,000	755	400	360
Pashto	23,180	12,465	10,715	1,395	755	640
Persian (Farsi)	252,320	126,565	125,755	8,665	4,345	4,320
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	8,875	4,715	4,155	205	120	80
Italic (Romance) languages	1,897,630	898,530	999,100	54,435	24,435	30,005
Catalan	2,035	1,145	890	80	30	45
Italian	574,725	278,500	296,225	15,500	7,395	8,100
Portuguese	295,955	144,465	151,485	6,120	2,990	3,125
Romanian	115,050	55,275	59,770	2,880	1,345	1,530
Spanish	995,255	460,250	535,010	33,075	14,175	18,895
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	2,680	1,610	1,075	110	70	45
Japanese	83,090	36,760	46,335	2,510	1,185	1,325
Kartvelian languages	2,150	1,075	1,075	40	15	25
Georgian	2,150	1,080	1,070	40	15	25
Korean	172,755	80,170	92,590	2,580	1,090	1,485
Mongolic languages	2,090	960	1,130	45	20	20
Mongolian	2,090	960	1,130	40	20	20
Niger-Congo languages	177,215	88,135	89,080	10,520	4,645	5,880
Akan (Twi)	22,145	10,810	11,340	630	330	300
Bamanankan	3,190	1,660	1,530	160	75	80
Edo	3,220	1,510	1,705	95	40	55
Ewe	3,000	1,685	1,315	205	80	120
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	4,725	2,460	2,260	165	70	95
Ga	2,250	1,140	1,110	165	80	80
Ganda	2,495	1,175	1,320	215	65	145
Igbo	8,850	4,710	4,140	300	165	135
Lingala	17,010	7,865	9,145	1,715	720	995
Rundi (Kirundi)	8,590	4,075	4,515	1,530	615	915
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	7,860	3,600	4,260	975	360	615
Shona	5,425	2,530	2,905	175	60	115
Swahili	38,680	19,565	19,115	3,040	1,325	1,715
Wolof	8,240	4,455	3,785	200	105	95
Yoruba	22,420	11,475	10,940	755	395	355
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	40,760	20,375	20,385	2,260	1,035	1,230
Nilo-Saharan languages	7,015	3,520	3,495	325	140	180
Dinka	2,475	1,280	1,190	190	85	105
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	4,555	2,240	2,315	135	55	80
Sign languages	48,115	18,985	29,130	1,630	655	975
American Sign Language	21,930	7,780	14,155	880	310	570
Quebec Sign Language	4,665	1,665	3,005	75	15	60
Sign languages, n.i.e.	22,275	9,835	12,440	715	350	365
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,430,440	672,100	758,340	36,400	17,190	19,210
Chinese languages	1,413,110	663,465	749,640	35,515	16,765	18,745
Cantonese	699,125	325,840	373,285	12,700	6,010	6,685
Hakka	12,445	5,555	6,890	265	125	145
Mandarin	814,450	377,635	436,815	24,495	11,310	13,190
Min Dong	1,045	440	600	40	15	25
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	42,840	19,005	23,835	1,035	465	565
Wu (Shanghainese)	16,530	7,490	9,040	415	205	215
Chinese, n.o.s.	41,690	19,995	21,690	1,010	540	475
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	590	250	340	25	10	10
Tibeto-Burman languages	18,270	9,100	9,175	920	445	480
Burmese	4,995	2,490	2,500	305	145	160
Karenic languages	4,895	2,425	2,475	365	180	185
Tibetan	7,050	3,555	3,490	55	30	25
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	2,375	1,160	1,220	360	155	205
Tai-Kadai languages	30,400	13,210	17,195	1,010	405	600
Lao	17,235	8,240	8,990	460	200	255
Thai	15,390	5,875	9,520	610	230	385
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	115	50	65	0	0	0
Turkic languages	60,530	31,585	28,945	2,405	1,195	1,215
Azerbaijani	5,450	2,885	2,565	140	80	60
Turkish	50,775	26,605	24,165	2,070	1,035	1,035
Uyghur	1,385	685	700	45	25	15
Uzbek	2,465	1,230	1,235	80	20	60
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	1,870	905	965	125	60	65
Uralic languages	94,810	44,270	50,545	2,585	1,255	1,330
Estonian	6,070	2,750	3,315	240	115	130
Finnish	17,595	7,540	10,050	480	220	260
Hungarian	71,285	34,005	37,280	1,870	925	945
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	9,730	5,375	4,355	380	245	130
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 45	34,460,065	16,971,580	17,488,490	916,855	446,515	470,340
Canadian citizensCensus data footnote 46	32,034,590	15,799,495	16,235,090	854,535	416,865	437,670
Canadian citizens aged under 18	6,652,795	3,412,785	3,240,010	177,955	90,530	87,425
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	25,381,795	12,386,710	12,995,080	676,575	326,335	350,245
Not Canadian citizensCensus data footnote 47	2,425,480	1,172,085	1,253,400	62,320	29,650	32,670
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 48	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485	916,860	446,520	470,340
Non-immigrantsCensus data footnote 49	26,412,610	13,124,325	13,288,290	685,260	337,490	347,770
ImmigrantsCensus data footnote 50	7,540,830	3,586,495	3,954,330	216,500	101,235	115,265
Before 1981	1,941,510	927,795	1,013,715	53,740	25,720	28,020
1981 to 1990	915,555	439,245	476,310	29,670	14,195	15,475
1991 to 2000	1,486,655	696,720	789,940	49,680	22,510	27,170
2001 to 2010	1,985,035	940,570	1,044,465	53,335	24,515	28,825
2001 to 2005	928,935	439,890	489,050	25,180	11,525	13,660
2006 to 2010	1,056,095	500,680	555,415	28,155	12,995	15,165
2011 to 2016Census data footnote 51	1,212,075	582,175	629,895	30,080	14,295	15,780
Non-permanent residentsCensus data footnote 52	506,625	260,755	245,870	15,095	7,795	7,300
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 53	7,540,830	3,586,500	3,954,335	216,505	101,235	115,265
Under 5 years	731,340	364,165	367,175	23,760	11,745	12,015
5 to 14 years	1,311,810	665,870	645,945	38,620	19,575	19,045
15 to 24 years	1,604,430	724,430	880,005	45,510	20,400	25,110
25 to 44 years	3,198,920	1,513,970	1,684,950	90,085	41,305	48,775
45 years and over	694,320	318,060	376,260	18,530	8,215	10,315
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 54	7,540,830	3,586,495	3,954,330	216,505	101,235	115,265
Americas	1,128,745	510,650	618,100	32,750	14,265	18,485
Brazil	29,320	13,235	16,080	985	440	545
Colombia	70,035	32,065	37,965	1,265	485	780
El Salvador	48,080	23,865	24,215	1,710	790	915
Guyana	87,685	38,940	48,745	1,375	635	735
Haiti	93,480	40,955	52,525	6,325	2,615	3,705
Jamaica	138,345	59,960	78,390	2,990	1,280	1,705
Mexico	80,585	37,530	43,055	1,290	545	750
Peru	29,615	12,950	16,665	820	365	450
Trinidad and Tobago	65,040	29,325	35,710	1,260	495	765
United StatesCensus data footnote 55	253,715	113,505	140,215	8,245	3,695	4,550
Other places of birth in Americas	232,850	108,325	124,530	6,495	2,915	3,575
Europe	2,088,410	1,015,145	1,073,260	55,430	26,400	29,030
Bosnia and Herzegovina	36,135	18,050	18,085	1,605	775	830
Croatia	40,045	20,005	20,035	805	385	420
France	105,565	55,395	50,170	2,270	1,010	1,265
Germany	145,845	69,525	76,320	3,890	1,650	2,240
Greece	62,715	31,580	31,135	905	480	430
Hungary	36,820	17,945	18,875	825	420	405
IrelandCensus data footnote 56	28,325	14,355	13,970	810	360	445
Italy	236,640	118,595	118,040	5,410	2,800	2,610
Netherlands	88,475	45,185	43,295	1,885	930	960
Poland	146,465	66,450	80,020	4,165	1,860	2,305
Portugal	139,450	68,150	71,300	1,965	990	970
Romania	90,305	42,795	47,510	2,400	1,135	1,265
Russian Federation	78,685	34,265	44,420	2,860	1,230	1,630
SerbiaCensus data footnote 57	33,320	16,325	17,000	875	410	460
Ukraine	73,030	33,360	39,665	1,775	845	930
United KingdomCensus data footnote 58	499,115	243,225	255,890	15,765	7,910	7,860
Other places of birth in Europe	247,470	119,945	127,530	7,210	3,215	3,995
Africa	637,485	322,510	314,970	30,340	13,940	16,400
Algeria	64,620	33,920	30,705	1,025	485	545
Egypt	64,615	34,125	30,495	3,420	1,790	1,630
Ethiopia	32,790	15,980	16,810	2,215	1,020	1,195
Kenya	27,150	12,810	14,340	1,060	540	525
Morocco	69,655	36,120	33,535	1,235	570	665
Nigeria	42,430	21,830	20,600	1,260	575	685
Somalia	27,230	12,070	15,160	3,895	1,490	2,405
South Africa, Republic of	44,660	22,205	22,460	850	440	415
Other places of birth in Africa	264,320	133,450	130,870	15,375	7,030	8,345
Asia	3,629,160	1,709,985	1,919,175	97,170	46,205	50,965
Afghanistan	51,955	26,030	25,930	2,400	1,220	1,180
Bangladesh	58,735	29,875	28,865	2,655	1,375	1,280
ChinaCensus data footnote 59	649,260	290,800	358,460	17,400	7,570	9,825
Hong KongCensus data footnote 60	208,940	98,020	110,915	3,020	1,510	1,505
India	668,565	334,030	334,540	10,500	5,275	5,220
IranCensus data footnote 61	154,425	77,970	76,455	4,395	2,185	2,205
Iraq	68,485	34,785	33,705	3,535	1,885	1,650
Japan	27,240	7,955	19,285	725	175	555
Korea, SouthCensus data footnote 62	123,305	57,170	66,140	1,695	750	945
Lebanon	88,745	47,295	41,450	10,995	5,750	5,250
Pakistan	202,260	103,225	99,035	3,830	1,910	1,915
Philippines	588,305	247,095	341,210	8,865	3,345	5,520
Sri Lanka	131,995	64,825	67,170	2,330	1,105	1,230
SyriaCensus data footnote 63	52,960	26,595	26,365	3,125	1,595	1,530
Taiwan	63,770	28,170	35,605	830	360	475
Viet Nam	169,250	78,000	91,250	5,605	2,565	3,035
Other places of birth in Asia	320,965	158,150	162,815	15,270	7,625	7,655
Oceania and other places of birthCensus data footnote 64	57,030	28,210	28,825	805	420	385
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 54	1,212,075	582,180	629,895	30,075	14,295	15,780
Americas	152,595	72,870	79,720	4,060	1,835	2,225
Brazil	8,500	4,000	4,490	140	80	65
Colombia	15,300	6,885	8,415	195	80	110
Cuba	5,370	2,545	2,820	125	70	60
Haiti	19,985	9,160	10,830	1,290	550	740
Jamaica	12,495	6,680	5,820	115	65	50
Mexico	18,660	9,090	9,575	245	105	145
United StatesCensus data footnote 55	33,060	16,480	16,580	1,140	565	570
VenezuelaCensus data footnote 65	6,425	2,990	3,435	120	35	85
Other places of birth in Americas	32,790	15,040	17,750	695	290	400
Europe	140,030	70,995	69,035	2,570	1,250	1,315
France	24,150	13,000	11,150	280	155	125
Germany	6,300	3,255	3,045	155	75	90
IrelandCensus data footnote 56	5,660	3,540	2,120	75	45	25
MoldovaCensus data footnote 66	5,900	2,735	3,165	40	15	25
Romania	7,610	3,330	4,280	120	60	60
Russian Federation	11,565	4,485	7,080	350	145	210
Ukraine	13,425	6,015	7,410	215	105	110
United KingdomCensus data footnote 58	24,445	14,235	10,215	605	310	295
Other places of birth in Europe	40,970	20,405	20,570	720	340	380
Africa	162,800	81,545	81,245	6,150	2,775	3,375
Algeria	17,175	8,440	8,735	130	45	85
Cameroon	10,265	5,005	5,255	325	170	160
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	7,400	3,570	3,835	715	270	450
Côte d'Ivoire	6,240	3,030	3,210	165	55	110
Egypt	16,115	8,445	7,665	780	420	360
Eritrea	6,050	3,195	2,855	245	115	135
Ethiopia	7,510	3,625	3,890	330	115	210
Morocco	15,105	7,470	7,635	170	70	95
Nigeria	17,285	8,850	8,435	380	165	215
Somalia	5,335	2,600	2,730	355	150	210
South Africa, Republic of	5,765	2,935	2,830	105	50	55
Tunisia	6,700	3,475	3,230	100	40	60
Other places of birth in Africa	41,855	20,905	20,950	2,340	1,120	1,230
Asia	748,700	352,095	396,610	17,165	8,370	8,795
Afghanistan	9,240	4,530	4,710	535	270	265
Bangladesh	12,900	6,445	6,460	530	265	265
ChinaCensus data footnote 59	129,020	57,745	71,270	2,585	1,095	1,490
Hong KongCensus data footnote 60	4,975	2,090	2,880	80	50	35
India	147,190	75,145	72,045	1,900	1,055	845
IranCensus data footnote 61	42,070	20,580	21,490	775	370	410
Iraq	20,665	10,345	10,320	1,075	565	510
Israel	4,740	2,615	2,130	190	105	85
Japan	4,905	1,250	3,655	110	25	85
Korea, SouthCensus data footnote 62	21,710	9,630	12,075	220	75	140
Lebanon	9,375	4,980	4,400	900	475	420
Nepal	7,505	3,780	3,715	290	160	130
Pakistan	41,480	20,530	20,945	640	350	290
Philippines	188,810	83,050	105,760	2,635	1,090	1,550
Saudi Arabia	5,465	2,820	2,640	365	205	155
Sri Lanka	11,495	5,190	6,305	215	95	120
SyriaCensus data footnote 63	29,945	15,245	14,700	1,820	985	835
Taiwan	4,310	1,685	2,625	40	20	20
Turkey	4,255	2,365	1,890	180	90	90
United Arab Emirates	6,135	3,220	2,910	340	210	130
Viet Nam	11,210	4,500	6,705	200	85	115
Other places of birth in Asia	31,320	14,345	16,970	1,540	730	805
Oceania and otherCensus data footnote 64	7,955	4,670	3,280	135	65	70
Australia	4,965	2,950	2,010	115	65	50
Other places of birthCensus data footnote 67	2,990	1,720	1,270	15	0	15
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 68	34,460,060	16,971,575	17,488,485	916,855	446,515	470,340
First generationCensus data footnote 69	8,219,555	3,936,045	4,283,505	240,905	113,865	127,035
Second generationCensus data footnote 70	6,100,725	3,053,075	3,047,650	190,770	95,760	95,010
Third generation or moreCensus data footnote 71	20,139,790	9,982,460	10,157,330	485,185	236,890	248,295
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 72	5,703,615	2,709,530	2,994,085	165,785	77,010	88,770
Economic immigrantsCensus data footnote 73	2,994,130	1,496,240	1,497,885	76,545	38,145	38,395
Principal applicantsCensus data footnote 74	1,220,755	755,370	465,380	31,820	19,535	12,285
Secondary applicantsCensus data footnote 75	1,773,380	740,870	1,032,510	44,725	18,610	26,115
Immigrants sponsored by familyCensus data footnote 76	1,782,490	728,085	1,054,400	47,735	18,855	28,875
RefugeesCensus data footnote 77	858,845	453,675	405,175	39,525	19,190	20,335
Other immigrantsCensus data footnote 78	68,145	31,530	36,615	1,980	820	1,165
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 79	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485	916,855	446,515	470,340
Aboriginal identityCensus data footnote 80	1,673,785	813,520	860,265	22,955	10,865	12,090
Single Aboriginal responsesCensus data footnote 81	1,629,805	792,970	836,835	21,815	10,380	11,435
First Nations (North American Indian)Census data footnote 82	977,235	471,510	505,725	11,195	5,315	5,875
Métis	587,545	289,435	298,115	9,475	4,540	4,935
Inuk (Inuit)	65,030	32,030	32,995	1,145	520	625
Multiple Aboriginal responsesCensus data footnote 83	21,310	10,165	11,145	550	225	320
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhereCensus data footnote 84	22,670	10,385	12,290	595	265	335
Non-Aboriginal identity	32,786,280	16,158,060	16,628,225	893,900	435,650	458,250
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 85	34,460,065	16,971,580	17,488,490	916,860	446,515	470,340
Registered or Treaty IndianCensus data footnote 86	820,120	395,670	424,445	5,965	2,725	3,240
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	33,639,945	16,575,905	17,064,040	910,890	443,790	467,100
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 87	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,490	916,855	446,515	470,340
Aboriginal ancestry (only)Census data footnote 88	727,790	356,970	370,815	4,135	1,835	2,300
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)Census data footnote 89	709,235	347,985	361,245	4,055	1,800	2,255
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestryCensus data footnote 82	573,215	280,040	293,180	2,660	1,195	1,460
Métis single ancestry	91,255	45,740	45,515	875	360	515
Inuit single ancestry	44,765	22,210	22,555	520	240	280
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)Census data footnote 90	18,555	8,985	9,565	75	30	45
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	15,140	7,305	7,835	55	30	30
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	2,470	1,205	1,265	15	0	10
Métis and Inuit ancestries	770	390	380	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	170	85	85	10	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestriesCensus data footnote 91	1,402,735	669,710	733,025	38,345	17,910	20,430
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestriesCensus data footnote 92	1,347,610	644,210	703,400	37,375	17,520	19,855
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	881,455	418,215	463,235	25,915	12,030	13,885
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	441,000	213,940	227,065	10,600	5,105	5,495
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	25,155	12,045	13,105	860	395	470
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestriesCensus data footnote 93	55,125	25,505	29,625	965	390	575
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	49,325	22,740	26,585	865	355	510
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	3,470	1,655	1,815	55	20	35
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,005	940	1,065	40	15	25
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	325	170	160	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)Census data footnote 94	32,329,545	15,944,900	16,384,645	874,380	426,770	447,610
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 95	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485	916,855	446,520	470,340
Total visible minority populationCensus data footnote 96	7,674,580	3,725,090	3,949,495	241,250	116,210	125,040
South AsianCensus data footnote 97	1,924,635	977,690	946,945	38,755	19,730	19,020
Chinese	1,577,060	746,400	830,665	40,960	19,445	21,520
Black	1,198,540	580,070	618,475	60,205	28,190	32,015
Filipino	780,125	341,800	438,330	12,035	4,815	7,225
Latin American	447,325	215,460	231,860	11,150	5,030	6,120
Arab	523,235	276,425	246,810	40,920	21,315	19,605
Southeast AsianCensus data footnote 98	313,260	148,880	164,385	12,370	5,850	6,520
West AsianCensus data footnote 99	264,305	133,475	130,825	9,000	4,590	4,410
Korean	188,710	89,110	99,600	2,955	1,340	1,615
Japanese	92,920	40,105	52,815	2,430	1,005	1,415
Visible minority, n.i.e.Census data footnote 100	132,090	62,540	69,550	2,605	1,160	1,440
Multiple visible minoritiesCensus data footnote 101	232,375	113,140	119,230	7,865	3,730	4,135
Not a visible minorityCensus data footnote 102	26,785,480	13,246,485	13,539,000	675,610	330,310	345,305
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 103	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485	916,855	446,515	470,340
North American Aboriginal origins	2,130,520	1,026,675	1,103,840	42,475	19,745	22,730
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,525,570	731,410	794,155	29,580	13,635	15,940
Inuit	79,130	38,695	40,435	1,500	670	830
Métis	599,995	291,310	308,690	12,450	5,870	6,585
Other North American origins	11,628,535	5,745,695	5,882,835	271,895	133,150	138,745
Acadian	119,675	57,805	61,865	3,825	1,875	1,950
American	377,405	182,690	194,715	11,785	5,800	5,985
Canadian	11,135,965	5,501,595	5,634,370	261,225	127,765	133,460
New Brunswicker	1,490	800	685	40	25	10
Newfoundlander	22,215	11,420	10,800	680	425	255
Nova Scotian	3,700	1,770	1,930	105	65	40
Ontarian	3,925	1,980	1,945	310	135	175
Québécois	194,560	99,320	95,235	875	460	420
Other North American origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 104	1,895	950	945	25	15	10
European origins	19,683,320	9,687,715	9,995,605	585,625	285,395	300,225
British Isles origins	11,211,850	5,474,735	5,737,115	388,245	189,905	198,340
Channel Islander	3,595	1,740	1,855	100	30	70
Cornish	1,975	995	975	65	45	25
English	6,320,085	3,069,515	3,250,570	193,700	95,765	97,930
Irish	4,627,000	2,195,620	2,431,385	198,640	94,045	104,600
Manx	6,125	3,090	3,040	175	105	65
Scottish	4,799,005	2,323,390	2,475,620	169,955	83,335	86,615
Welsh	474,805	226,600	248,210	17,155	8,235	8,920
British Isles origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 105	644,695	307,090	337,610	33,085	15,505	17,575
French origins	4,680,820	2,283,480	2,397,340	184,460	87,775	96,690
Alsatian	2,800	1,300	1,495	50	20	25
Breton	11,845	5,765	6,080	125	70	50
Corsican	1,750	950	805	55	40	15
French	4,670,595	2,278,430	2,392,165	184,385	87,720	96,660
Western European origins (except French origins)	4,600,855	2,258,095	2,342,760	113,160	55,160	58,000
Austrian	207,050	100,775	106,275	5,725	2,805	2,915
Bavarian	940	485	455	65	20	50
Belgian	186,665	91,395	95,270	4,300	2,020	2,280
Dutch	1,111,655	546,565	565,090	28,500	14,255	14,240
Flemish	11,685	5,730	5,960	395	205	190
Frisian	4,590	2,395	2,195	75	40	30
German	3,322,405	1,626,785	1,695,615	78,875	38,125	40,745
Luxembourger	3,915	2,025	1,890	120	65	55
Swiss	155,120	76,935	78,185	4,275	2,065	2,205
Western European origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 106	3,365	1,645	1,720	135	55	80
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	1,201,320	579,005	622,315	23,390	11,725	11,665
Danish	207,470	100,660	106,810	5,135	2,665	2,470
Finnish	143,645	69,045	74,600	3,875	1,960	1,920
Icelandic	101,795	49,875	51,915	1,450	670	780
Norwegian	463,275	223,075	240,200	6,380	3,190	3,190
Swedish	349,645	163,545	186,095	6,870	3,275	3,590
Northern European origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 107	52,780	26,965	25,820	1,485	850	640
Eastern European origins	3,431,245	1,666,740	1,764,505	85,560	41,060	44,500
Bulgarian	34,565	16,935	17,625	1,435	670	765
Byelorussian	20,710	10,190	10,515	830	400	430
Czech	104,580	51,555	53,030	3,580	1,655	1,925
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.Census data footnote 108	40,715	19,235	21,480	680	295	385
Estonian	24,530	11,715	12,815	950	425	525
Hungarian	348,085	170,040	178,045	8,475	4,185	4,290
Latvian	30,725	14,920	15,805	1,065	455	610
Lithuanian	59,285	28,745	30,535	2,420	1,195	1,220
Moldovan	14,915	7,265	7,650	375	155	220
Polish	1,106,585	533,830	572,750	32,345	15,445	16,900
Romanian	238,050	114,705	123,345	6,240	3,030	3,210
Russian	622,445	297,600	324,850	15,215	7,010	8,215
Slovak	72,285	35,360	36,925	2,525	1,190	1,335
Ukrainian	1,359,655	663,560	696,095	24,965	12,020	12,950
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 109	20,415	9,895	10,520	1,025	545	480
Southern European origins	3,012,375	1,494,605	1,517,775	80,920	39,440	41,480
Albanian	36,185	18,385	17,800	1,070	525	550
Bosnian	26,740	13,320	13,420	1,255	585	660
Catalan	1,280	740	535	10	10	10
Croatian	133,970	67,825	66,140	3,545	1,695	1,850
Cypriot	5,650	2,850	2,795	160	60	100
Greek	271,410	137,405	134,005	6,980	3,510	3,465
Italian	1,587,965	794,525	793,445	45,705	22,760	22,940
Kosovar	2,865	1,470	1,395	55	30	25
Macedonian	43,110	21,650	21,460	555	205	350
Maltese	41,920	20,955	20,965	575	310	265
Montenegrin	4,160	2,180	1,985	145	75	75
Portuguese	482,605	239,360	243,250	9,285	4,495	4,790
Serbian	96,530	49,095	47,440	2,670	1,330	1,340
Sicilian	6,940	3,500	3,435	270	125	140
Slovenian	40,470	20,105	20,365	1,235	590	640
Spanish	396,460	184,520	211,945	12,190	5,390	6,800
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.Census data footnote 110	38,480	18,620	19,860	800	380	420
Southern European origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 111	2,170	1,030	1,135	65	25	40
Other European origins	226,695	115,110	111,580	8,005	4,110	3,890
Basque	6,965	3,690	3,275	285	160	125
Jewish	143,660	72,625	71,035	5,755	2,975	2,780
Roma (Gypsy)	4,630	2,195	2,440	75	35	40
Slavic, n.o.s.Census data footnote 112	4,870	2,560	2,310	190	90	100
Other European origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 113	67,890	34,730	33,160	1,760	885	870
Caribbean origins	749,155	349,810	399,345	25,660	11,580	14,075
Antiguan	4,500	2,115	2,385	260	145	110
Bahamian	3,675	1,915	1,760	160	110	55
Barbadian	37,780	17,745	20,035	1,245	525	715
Bermudan	3,075	1,435	1,640	95	55	40
Carib	3,030	1,175	1,860	110	35	70
Cuban	29,065	13,800	15,270	1,110	505	610
Dominican	23,130	11,000	12,125	695	305	390
Grenadian	17,915	7,835	10,080	295	150	140
Guadeloupean	1,125	515	605	10	0	0
Haitian	165,095	76,460	88,635	9,955	4,435	5,520
Jamaican	309,485	145,080	164,410	7,775	3,580	4,200
Kittitian/Nevisian	2,915	1,460	1,460	45	20	25
Martinican	2,010	900	1,110	25	15	15
Montserratan	930	460	470	45	25	20
Puerto Rican	3,405	1,645	1,765	90	35	60
St. Lucian	8,985	4,095	4,890	765	290	475
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	78,965	37,325	41,635	2,005	910	1,090
Vincentian/Grenadinian	17,420	7,475	9,945	235	80	155
West Indian, n.o.s.Census data footnote 114	70,270	31,625	38,645	1,600	680	920
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 115	26,830	12,520	14,310	1,030	495	540
Latin, Central and South American origins	674,640	325,210	349,430	17,740	8,230	9,510
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	22,725	10,875	11,850	785	385	405
Arawak	1,440	610	830	60	25	35
Argentinian	20,680	10,130	10,545	665	365	300
Belizean	1,755	915	845	85	40	40
Bolivian	5,055	2,480	2,580	145	75	70
Brazilian	36,830	17,380	19,455	1,135	555	580
Chilean	45,190	22,280	22,910	1,035	525	510
Colombian	96,325	45,590	50,735	1,945	885	1,065
Costa Rican	5,535	2,680	2,855	165	70	95
Ecuadorian	25,405	11,995	13,415	255	130	120
Guatemalan	26,275	13,360	12,915	420	150	270
Guyanese	84,275	39,530	44,745	1,935	945	990
Hispanic	11,055	5,380	5,670	330	180	155
Honduran	10,650	5,235	5,415	285	90	195
Maya	6,285	3,350	2,940	315	160	155
Mexican	128,485	62,890	65,595	2,830	1,225	1,600
Nicaraguan	13,705	6,650	7,055	1,050	525	520
Panamanian	4,700	2,210	2,495	115	55	55
Paraguayan	4,325	2,165	2,160	35	20	15
Peruvian	42,145	19,645	22,505	1,275	600	675
Salvadorean	66,220	32,960	33,255	2,165	1,050	1,110
Uruguayan	6,795	3,390	3,410	95	40	55
Venezuelan	26,345	12,220	14,125	905	345	555
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 116	28,455	13,930	14,525	1,200	500	710
African origins	1,067,930	539,805	528,120	55,580	26,805	28,780
Central and West African origins	230,110	118,040	112,070	11,865	5,840	6,020
Akan	1,955	1,090	870	110	60	45
Angolan	2,960	1,475	1,480	185	85	105
Ashanti	1,585	855	735	15	10	0
Beninese	4,995	2,670	2,320	110	70	45
Burkinabe	3,150	1,665	1,485	275	120	150
Cameroonian	24,615	12,390	12,230	1,280	675	605
Chadian	1,845	955	885	140	70	70
Congolese	38,365	18,925	19,440	3,890	1,730	2,160
Edo	1,945	1,095	855	50	25	25
Ewe	845	470	375	15	10	0
Gabonese	1,405	660	750	110	65	45
Gambian	975	495	475	35	20	10
Ghanaian	35,495	17,720	17,770	1,360	745	615
Guinean	7,240	3,785	3,455	260	120	145
Ibo	5,315	2,850	2,470	110	50	60
Ivorian	10,935	5,485	5,450	505	215	290
Liberian	2,485	1,130	1,360	95	55	40
Malian	4,490	2,280	2,210	160	75	90
Malinké	1,125	585	535	75	40	35
Nigerian	51,835	27,025	24,805	2,020	1,035	985
Peulh	2,435	1,270	1,170	70	40	30
Senegalese	10,175	5,500	4,670	360	170	190
Sierra Leonean	2,620	1,330	1,295	95	40	55
Togolese	5,300	2,870	2,430	310	160	155
Wolof	840	495	345	35	25	10
Yoruba	9,585	5,075	4,515	345	205	140
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 117	15,380	7,940	7,445	885	450	435
North African origins	355,045	185,775	169,270	12,855	6,625	6,230
Algerian	67,335	34,755	32,580	1,300	655	650
Berber	37,060	19,685	17,375	890	475	410
Coptic	3,535	1,860	1,680	115	55	60
Dinka	900	500	400	45	25	25
Egyptian	99,140	51,730	47,410	5,830	3,060	2,765
Libyan	7,740	4,135	3,605	1,215	625	590
Maure	1,190	655	535	40	30	10
Moroccan	103,940	54,005	49,945	2,150	1,050	1,100
Sudanese	19,960	10,315	9,645	845	420	425
Tunisian	25,645	13,985	11,665	640	330	310
North African origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 118	6,115	3,320	2,795	450	235	220
Southern and East African origins	260,145	128,325	131,815	22,900	10,710	12,190
Afrikaner	1,870	955	915	50	25	25
Amhara	1,530	815	715	70	50	20
Bantu, n.o.s.Census data footnote 119	3,965	2,175	1,785	370	170	195
Burundian	10,990	5,405	5,580	1,865	825	1,035
Djiboutian	1,710	790	920	730	305	425
Eritrean	25,255	12,830	12,430	1,350	620	730
Ethiopian	44,065	21,680	22,385	2,850	1,300	1,555
Harari	665	355	305	10	0	0
Kenyan	10,915	5,230	5,685	605	305	295
Malagasy	4,500	2,175	2,325	215	105	110
Mauritian	9,325	4,655	4,665	340	145	195
Oromo	3,350	1,745	1,605	280	145	140
Rwandan	10,775	5,065	5,705	1,305	530	770
Seychellois	1,285	575	710	30	0	25
Somali	62,550	30,215	32,330	10,380	4,910	5,465
South African	41,375	20,575	20,800	1,095	525	565
Tanzanian	4,710	2,400	2,310	285	125	165
Tigrian	2,155	1,160	995	180	85	95
Ugandan	5,705	2,875	2,830	400	190	210
Zambian	1,860	935	920	140	60	80
Zimbabwean	8,090	3,975	4,110	315	150	165
Zulu	945	475	475	50	35	10
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 120	17,305	8,445	8,860	1,275	635	635
Other African origins	239,560	116,400	123,165	9,260	4,315	4,945
Black, n.o.s.Census data footnote 121	30,385	14,015	16,370	1,155	465	695
Other African origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 122	212,005	103,790	108,215	8,285	3,935	4,350
Asian origins	6,095,235	2,958,120	3,137,115	179,740	88,090	91,650
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	1,011,145	518,170	492,980	64,390	33,165	31,220
Afghan	83,995	42,320	41,675	3,955	2,020	1,930
Arab, n.o.s.Census data footnote 123	111,400	58,930	52,475	7,280	3,720	3,555
Armenian	63,810	31,505	32,305	1,470	755	715
Assyrian	13,835	7,115	6,720	130	55	75
Azerbaijani	6,425	3,230	3,200	215	85	130
Georgian	4,775	2,430	2,345	170	105	65
Hazara	1,515	810	705	50	25	20
Iranian	210,405	106,565	103,840	6,840	3,435	3,405
Iraqi	70,925	35,965	34,955	4,690	2,485	2,205
Israeli	28,735	15,065	13,675	710	380	335
Jordanian	14,250	7,520	6,735	1,475	795	680
Kazakh	3,330	1,615	1,710	150	70	75
Kurd	16,315	8,810	7,515	800	430	370
Kuwaiti	2,235	1,185	1,055	965	485	475
Kyrgyz	1,060	510	550	30	20	10
Lebanese	219,555	112,970	106,590	25,970	13,315	12,650
Palestinian	44,820	23,900	20,920	3,995	2,225	1,770
Pashtun	4,810	2,565	2,245	220	115	110
Saudi Arabian	6,810	3,935	2,880	575	280	300
Syrian	77,045	38,445	38,600	4,505	2,330	2,175
Tajik	2,905	1,410	1,495	100	50	45
Tatar	4,825	2,155	2,670	150	55	95
Turk	63,955	32,855	31,100	2,890	1,530	1,360
Turkmen	1,040	540	500	100	50	50
Uighur	1,555	775	785	55	35	20
Uzbek	3,920	1,920	2,000	160	75	90
Yemeni	6,645	3,335	3,305	1,000	510	490
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 124	25,280	13,180	12,100	2,085	1,070	1,015
South Asian origins	1,963,330	993,595	969,735	40,725	20,630	20,100
Bangladeshi	45,940	23,645	22,300	2,275	1,190	1,090
Bengali	22,900	11,730	11,180	1,040	520	520
Bhutanese	3,600	1,765	1,835	315	165	150
East Indian	1,374,710	694,990	679,720	27,665	14,025	13,640
Goan	6,070	2,915	3,155	125	65	60
Gujarati	8,350	4,305	4,050	185	110	70
Kashmiri	3,115	1,605	1,510	50	20	35
Nepali	17,140	8,715	8,420	890	435	455
Pakistani	215,555	110,420	105,140	4,455	2,225	2,225
Punjabi	118,400	61,155	57,240	1,095	575	525
Sinhalese	7,285	3,605	3,685	295	155	140
Sri Lankan	152,595	75,010	77,585	2,660	1,315	1,345
Tamil	48,670	24,845	23,825	940	465	475
South Asian origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 125	76,400	38,815	37,585	2,210	1,100	1,105
East and Southeast Asian origins	3,163,360	1,467,205	1,696,155	76,425	35,140	41,285
Burmese	9,335	4,535	4,795	585	295	295
Cambodian (Khmer)	38,490	18,515	19,980	2,330	1,070	1,260
Chinese	1,769,195	836,150	933,045	46,315	21,790	24,530
Filipino	837,130	369,105	468,025	13,215	5,365	7,850
Hmong	805	420	390	0	0	0
Indonesian	21,390	9,950	11,440	590	250	340
Japanese	121,485	53,415	68,070	3,105	1,285	1,820
Karen	4,510	2,275	2,240	285	150	135
Korean	198,210	93,680	104,525	3,175	1,475	1,700
Laotian	24,580	12,190	12,390	675	315	365
Malaysian	16,920	7,735	9,185	470	175	300
Mongolian	7,480	3,560	3,915	270	155	115
Singaporean	2,850	1,325	1,520	45	20	25
Taiwanese	36,510	16,570	19,945	715	325	390
Thai	19,010	7,330	11,680	640	205	430
Tibetan	8,040	4,055	3,985	90	45	45
Vietnamese	240,615	115,935	124,680	8,800	4,325	4,475
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 126	6,500	3,150	3,355	250	140	110
Other Asian origins	22,745	11,280	11,460	345	160	190
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 127	22,740	11,280	11,460	345	155	185
Oceania origins	85,470	43,030	42,440	1,925	925	995
Australian	42,315	21,710	20,605	1,265	580	690
New Zealander	15,395	8,065	7,330	470	260	210
Pacific Islands origins	29,485	14,240	15,250	225	95	135
Fijian	19,375	9,280	10,090	55	20	40
Hawaiian	3,295	1,500	1,795	15	0	10
Maori	2,500	1,310	1,195	20	20	10
Polynesian, n.o.s.Census data footnote 128	1,530	725	805	80	20	60
Samoan	1,100	625	475	40	25	15
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 129	2,335	1,145	1,185	40	20	15
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 130	14,072,075	...	...	373,755	...	...
Owner	9,541,320	...	...	245,470	...	...
Renter	4,474,530	...	...	128,285	...	...
Band housing	56,230	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 131	14,072,075	...	...	373,755	...	...
Condominium	1,874,840	...	...	57,905	...	...
Not condominium	12,197,240	...	...	315,845	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 132	14,072,080	...	...	373,755	...	...
No bedrooms	93,345	...	...	2,490	...	...
1 bedroom	1,925,015	...	...	53,480	...	...
2 bedrooms	3,547,090	...	...	77,025	...	...
3 bedrooms	4,836,485	...	...	141,845	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	3,670,145	...	...	98,910	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 133	14,072,075	...	...	373,755	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	4,068,915	...	...	99,090	...	...
5 rooms	2,177,045	...	...	48,275	...	...
6 rooms	1,981,585	...	...	53,445	...	...
7 rooms	1,790,180	...	...	54,410	...	...
8 or more rooms	4,054,355	...	...	118,535	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 134	14,072,080	...	...	373,755	...	...
One person or fewer per room	13,802,060	...	...	367,900	...	...
More than 1 person per room	270,020	...	...	5,855	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 135	14,072,075	...	...	373,755	...	...
Suitable	13,376,345	...	...	356,380	...	...
Not suitable	695,730	...	...	17,375	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 136	14,072,080	...	...	373,755	...	...
1960 or before	3,126,380	...	...	65,760	...	...
1961 to 1980	4,185,510	...	...	114,380	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,977,640	...	...	62,065	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,746,390	...	...	44,485	...	...
2001 to 2005	976,390	...	...	29,140	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,089,750	...	...	30,250	...	...
2011 to 2016Census data footnote 137	970,015	...	...	27,680	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 138	14,072,080	...	...	373,760	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	13,151,600	...	...	353,775	...	...
Major repairs needed	920,480	...	...	19,980	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 139	14,072,080	...	...	373,760	...	...
1 household maintainer	8,324,865	...	...	210,240	...	...
2 household maintainers	5,404,800	...	...	153,670	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	342,415	...	...	9,845	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 140	14,072,080	...	...	373,760	...	...
15 to 24 years	437,230	...	...	15,130	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,991,685	...	...	55,950	...	...
35 to 44 years	2,414,920	...	...	65,740	...	...
45 to 54 years	2,862,870	...	...	81,185	...	...
55 to 64 years	2,859,315	...	...	71,840	...	...
65 to 74 years	2,034,220	...	...	49,285	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,084,700	...	...	25,620	...	...
85 years and over	387,135	...	...	9,015	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 141	13,798,305	...	...	372,615	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	10,472,355	...	...	283,950	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	3,325,950	...	...	88,665	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,861,615	...	...	75,105	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	9,368,330	...	...	244,675	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgageCensus data footnote 142	60.7	...	...	60.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costsCensus data footnote 141	16.6	...	...	14.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)Census data footnote 143	1,130	...	...	1,434	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)Census data footnote 143	1,313	...	...	1,505	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)Census data footnote 144	341,556	...	...	400,148	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)Census data footnote 144	443,058	...	...	444,589	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,452,850	...	...	128,245	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housingCensus data footnote 145	13.0	...	...	15.9	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costsCensus data footnote 141	40.0	...	...	42.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)Census data footnote 143	910	...	...	1,112	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)Census data footnote 143	1,002	...	...	1,148	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 146	28,643,015	13,990,435	14,652,580	761,420	367,450	393,970
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,239,575	2,667,995	2,571,585	93,225	46,060	47,170
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificateCensus data footnote 147	7,576,400	3,686,630	3,889,770	183,110	90,500	92,615
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,827,040	7,635,805	8,191,230	485,085	230,895	254,190
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,800,260	1,906,610	893,650	31,325	19,630	11,690
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of QualificationCensus data footnote 148	1,549,880	880,365	669,515	17,275	9,490	7,785
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of QualificationCensus data footnote 149	1,250,385	1,026,250	224,140	14,055	10,140	3,910
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	5,553,825	2,326,940	3,226,890	152,105	67,305	84,800
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	813,335	331,940	481,395	14,950	6,065	8,890
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	6,659,615	3,070,315	3,589,300	286,700	137,890	148,810
Bachelor's degree	4,443,835	1,967,905	2,475,935	175,940	81,065	94,875
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	462,295	203,725	258,570	16,030	6,865	9,165
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	190,925	102,530	88,395	6,745	3,355	3,390
Master's degree	1,331,045	651,510	679,535	72,470	36,285	36,185
Earned doctorateCensus data footnote 150	231,510	144,640	86,870	15,515	10,320	5,195
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 146	18,931,380	9,268,555	9,662,830	504,210	243,340	260,870
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,169,790	1,200,110	969,685	31,550	16,730	14,820
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificateCensus data footnote 147	4,494,585	2,247,020	2,247,565	96,730	50,010	46,725
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,267,005	5,821,425	6,445,580	375,930	176,605	199,330
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,042,430	1,377,775	664,650	21,575	13,395	8,185
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of QualificationCensus data footnote 148	1,145,035	639,785	505,250	11,980	6,475	5,510
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of QualificationCensus data footnote 149	897,390	737,990	159,405	9,600	6,920	2,675
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	4,241,985	1,786,065	2,455,920	117,685	53,015	64,665
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	580,885	240,040	340,850	9,950	4,205	5,745
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	5,401,705	2,417,555	2,984,155	226,725	105,990	120,730
Bachelor's degree	3,590,080	1,562,160	2,027,925	138,035	62,955	75,080
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	362,455	151,205	211,250	12,205	4,810	7,390
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	153,290	74,440	78,855	5,350	2,380	2,965
Master's degree	1,120,190	527,335	592,850	59,855	28,935	30,915
Earned doctorateCensus data footnote 150	175,685	102,415	73,275	11,280	6,900	4,380
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 151	28,643,015	13,990,430	14,652,585	761,420	367,450	393,975
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeCensus data footnote 152	12,815,980	6,354,625	6,461,350	276,340	136,555	139,785
Education	1,060,095	251,290	808,800	26,620	5,965	20,655
13. Education	1,060,095	251,290	808,805	26,620	5,965	20,655
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	596,230	268,050	328,180	17,295	7,675	9,625
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	99,020	72,865	26,150	3,570	2,570	995
50. Visual and performing arts	497,210	195,185	302,025	13,730	5,100	8,625
Humanities	850,840	330,490	520,345	33,380	12,600	20,785
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	98,000	22,100	75,900	5,220	1,075	4,145
23. English language and literature/letters	178,590	52,785	125,810	8,905	2,680	6,225
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	275,525	104,135	171,390	6,170	2,280	3,890
30A Interdisciplinary humanitiesCensus data footnote 153	4,160	1,640	2,520	325	90	235
38. Philosophy and religious studies	51,930	30,185	21,750	2,375	1,330	1,050
39. Theology and religious vocations	77,490	46,285	31,200	1,760	1,045	710
54. History	111,465	59,965	51,500	6,510	3,670	2,845
55. French language and literature/letters	53,680	13,400	40,290	2,110	425	1,680
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,761,900	586,455	1,175,445	87,800	33,785	54,020
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	24,685	5,660	19,025	1,400	380	1,015
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	182,275	68,030	114,245	9,210	3,270	5,945
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	324,660	26,065	298,595	8,930	775	8,155
22. Legal professions and studies	289,600	102,660	186,945	13,865	5,285	8,575
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciencesCensus data footnote 154	35,445	8,150	27,295	1,770	500	1,270
42. Psychology	281,470	71,230	210,230	13,205	3,340	9,860
45. Social sciences	623,775	304,660	319,110	39,425	20,230	19,195
Business, management and public administration	3,360,045	1,272,475	2,087,565	94,580	40,680	53,900
30.16 Accounting and computer science	6,190	1,850	4,340	170	85	90
44. Public administration and social service professions	237,835	48,815	189,015	9,805	2,885	6,920
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,116,025	1,221,805	1,894,215	84,605	37,710	46,895
Physical and life sciences and technologies	614,280	315,665	298,615	26,185	13,395	12,790
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	249,955	105,560	144,400	12,930	5,340	7,585
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	125,600	61,685	63,915	3,790	1,875	1,920
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciencesCensus data footnote 155	28,155	12,625	15,530	280	65	215
40. Physical sciences	179,305	122,815	56,485	8,435	5,830	2,610
41. Science technologies/technicians	31,270	12,980	18,290	750	285	460
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	651,480	420,370	231,110	34,210	22,160	12,050
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	514,685	356,435	158,250	25,665	18,080	7,585
25. Library science	40,820	6,495	34,320	2,620	545	2,075
27. Mathematics and statistics	86,655	50,930	35,725	4,895	2,870	2,025
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciencesCensus data footnote 156	9,325	6,510	2,815	1,035	670	360
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	3,327,405	3,022,700	304,700	77,660	66,980	10,675
04. Architecture and related services	114,315	72,880	41,435	4,435	2,855	1,580
14. Engineering	752,465	615,880	136,585	35,325	28,720	6,610
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	620,065	551,855	68,205	16,755	15,010	1,745
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	410	85	325	35	10	30
46. Construction trades	702,155	682,710	19,445	8,345	8,135	210
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	731,135	709,430	21,705	9,430	9,110	320
48. Precision production	406,855	389,850	17,005	3,335	3,150	180
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	339,050	219,040	120,010	6,685	3,555	3,125
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	205,930	127,925	78,005	3,650	2,045	1,600
03. Natural resources and conservation	133,120	91,115	42,005	3,035	1,510	1,525
Health and related fields	2,266,720	441,180	1,825,545	59,740	13,110	46,635
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	164,295	81,260	83,040	5,840	2,825	3,015
51. Health professions and related programs	2,047,680	329,010	1,718,670	51,710	9,120	42,590
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	54,740	30,910	23,830	2,190	1,165	1,025
Personal, protective and transportation services	995,825	507,200	488,630	20,850	10,960	9,895
12. Personal and culinary services	565,555	151,530	414,025	11,270	3,435	7,840
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	3,505	3,080	420	755	615	140
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	7,900	7,230	670	430	390	40
43. Security and protective services	206,745	150,540	56,205	6,185	4,515	1,675
49. Transportation and materials moving	212,125	194,810	17,315	2,215	2,005	205
Other	3,170	885	2,280	75	30	40
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	3,170	890	2,280	70	25	40
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 151	18,931,385	9,268,555	9,662,825	504,210	243,340	260,870
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeCensus data footnote 152	6,664,380	3,447,130	3,217,250	128,285	66,735	61,545
Education	727,515	160,315	567,205	18,350	3,915	14,440
13. Education	727,515	160,315	567,200	18,350	3,915	14,435
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	467,905	208,365	259,545	13,305	5,875	7,430
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	74,530	53,995	20,535	2,725	1,890	835
50. Visual and performing arts	393,375	154,370	239,005	10,575	3,985	6,590
Humanities	614,815	232,425	382,390	23,905	8,980	14,925
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	76,540	16,200	60,340	4,055	790	3,265
23. English language and literature/letters	133,800	38,310	95,485	6,395	1,935	4,460
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	191,005	71,770	119,235	4,275	1,595	2,680
30A Interdisciplinary humanitiesCensus data footnote 153	3,140	1,250	1,895	255	65	190
38. Philosophy and religious studies	37,870	21,930	15,940	1,680	955	720
39. Theology and religious vocations	52,295	31,200	21,090	1,220	760	455
54. History	82,565	43,475	39,085	4,745	2,660	2,085
55. French language and literature/letters	37,600	8,285	29,315	1,285	215	1,070
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,417,625	453,100	964,525	69,960	25,915	44,045
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20,300	4,595	15,705	1,150	290	860
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	152,080	56,125	95,955	7,370	2,605	4,765
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	259,845	19,160	240,685	7,005	610	6,395
22. Legal professions and studies	241,170	76,720	164,445	11,670	4,035	7,630
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciencesCensus data footnote 154	27,310	6,390	20,920	1,450	415	1,030
42. Psychology	218,470	51,570	166,900	10,095	2,450	7,645
45. Social sciences	498,450	238,540	259,915	31,220	15,515	15,715
Business, management and public administration	2,696,770	1,000,895	1,695,875	75,180	31,660	43,520
30.16 Accounting and computer science	4,955	1,480	3,475	150	70	85
44. Public administration and social service professions	192,190	36,890	155,305	7,820	2,240	5,575
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,499,625	962,530	1,537,095	67,215	29,350	37,865
Physical and life sciences and technologies	449,870	222,120	227,755	19,025	9,085	9,940
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	195,830	79,945	115,880	9,760	3,805	5,955
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	89,205	42,265	46,945	2,665	1,275	1,390
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciencesCensus data footnote 155	9,280	3,850	5,430	210	50	155
40. Physical sciences	132,935	87,025	45,905	5,870	3,780	2,095
41. Science technologies/technicians	22,625	9,035	13,590	520	180	345
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	567,415	368,840	198,575	29,750	19,395	10,350
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	464,000	321,805	142,190	23,355	16,385	6,970
25. Library science	29,955	4,870	25,080	1,845	395	1,445
27. Mathematics and statistics	65,620	36,895	28,725	3,625	2,045	1,580
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciencesCensus data footnote 156	7,840	5,270	2,575	925	575	350
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	2,532,555	2,271,735	260,820	59,730	50,695	9,035
04. Architecture and related services	93,135	57,280	35,850	3,500	2,165	1,340
14. Engineering	612,265	490,980	121,285	28,120	22,345	5,775
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	475,045	418,595	56,450	12,785	11,435	1,350
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	350	70	275	25	0	25
46. Construction trades	515,630	499,670	15,960	6,115	5,935	175
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	540,800	523,425	17,375	6,845	6,590	255
48. Precision production	295,335	281,715	13,620	2,335	2,210	120
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	269,445	167,680	101,770	5,205	2,610	2,590
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	159,975	94,680	65,295	2,675	1,375	1,305
03. Natural resources and conservation	109,470	73,000	36,470	2,525	1,240	1,290
Health and related fields	1,749,545	342,395	1,407,145	45,480	10,155	35,325
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	129,560	63,315	66,245	4,600	2,195	2,405
51. Health professions and related programs	1,576,945	256,895	1,320,050	39,175	7,165	32,005
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	43,040	22,185	20,860	1,710	795	915
Personal, protective and transportation services	770,950	392,820	378,135	15,980	8,285	7,695
12. Personal and culinary services	431,415	114,395	317,025	8,580	2,635	5,945
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	2,725	2,355	375	630	500	130
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	4,425	3,975	445	255	220	30
43. Security and protective services	162,995	116,750	46,240	4,860	3,455	1,405
49. Transportation and materials moving	169,400	155,340	14,050	1,655	1,470	180
Other	2,590	745	1,845	65	30	40
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	2,585	740	1,845	65	30	35
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 157	28,643,015	13,990,435	14,652,585	761,420	367,445	393,975
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,815,975	6,354,625	6,461,350	276,335	136,555	139,780
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeCensus data footnote 158	15,827,040	7,635,805	8,191,235	485,085	230,890	254,190
Location of study inside Canada	13,117,190	6,299,305	6,817,890	407,230	193,450	213,780
Same as province or territory of residence	11,519,215	5,503,640	6,015,575	331,700	157,265	174,440
Different than province or territory of residence	1,597,975	795,655	802,315	75,525	36,185	39,345
Location of study outside CanadaCensus data footnote 159	2,709,850	1,336,505	1,373,345	77,850	37,445	40,405
United StatesCensus data footnote 160	349,540	189,995	159,545	11,600	6,455	5,150
Philippines	298,830	109,820	189,020	4,425	1,365	3,060
India	281,415	142,410	138,995	5,520	2,655	2,860
United KingdomCensus data footnote 161	232,035	131,050	100,980	9,645	5,425	4,220
ChinaCensus data footnote 162	205,375	94,690	110,685	6,235	2,845	3,390
France	88,860	50,400	38,455	2,075	1,035	1,040
Other	1,253,790	618,135	635,655	38,350	17,660	20,690
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 157	18,931,380	9,268,555	9,662,830	504,210	243,335	260,875
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,664,380	3,447,125	3,217,250	128,285	66,735	61,545
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeCensus data footnote 158	12,267,005	5,821,430	6,445,575	375,930	176,605	199,325
Location of study inside Canada	10,134,590	4,807,045	5,327,545	317,875	149,895	167,980
Same as province or territory of residence	8,918,160	4,207,495	4,710,665	260,235	122,375	137,855
Different than province or territory of residence	1,216,425	599,545	616,875	57,645	27,520	30,125
Location of study outside CanadaCensus data footnote 159	2,132,415	1,014,385	1,118,030	58,055	26,705	31,350
United StatesCensus data footnote 160	254,245	131,955	122,290	8,370	4,440	3,930
Philippines	263,095	96,025	167,065	3,825	1,160	2,660
India	239,535	117,445	122,090	3,925	1,830	2,090
United KingdomCensus data footnote 161	133,655	73,575	60,085	5,565	3,030	2,530
ChinaCensus data footnote 162	175,825	79,635	96,190	4,565	2,010	2,560
France	72,920	40,610	32,310	1,660	810	845
Other	993,135	475,145	517,990	30,150	13,415	16,735
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 163	28,643,020	13,990,430	14,652,585	761,420	367,445	393,975
In the labour force	18,672,475	9,731,830	8,940,645	513,660	261,415	252,245
Employed	17,230,040	8,923,540	8,306,490	476,540	241,720	234,820
Unemployed	1,442,435	808,285	634,150	37,120	19,695	17,425
Not in the labour force	9,970,545	4,258,605	5,711,945	247,765	106,030	141,730
Participation rate	65.2	69.6	61.0	67.5	71.1	64.0
Employment rate	60.2	63.8	56.7	62.6	65.8	59.6
Unemployment rate	7.7	8.3	7.1	7.2	7.5	6.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 164	28,643,020	13,990,430	14,652,580	761,420	367,445	393,975
Did not workCensus data footnote 165	9,282,005	3,930,570	5,351,440	235,435	100,705	134,730
Worked	19,361,010	10,059,865	9,301,150	525,985	266,745	259,240
Worked full year, full timeCensus data footnote 166	9,626,010	5,402,110	4,223,895	286,235	155,240	130,990
Worked part year and/or part timeCensus data footnote 167	9,735,005	4,657,755	5,077,245	239,750	111,500	128,255
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.4	42.9	42.0	43.3	43.7	42.8
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 168	18,672,470	9,731,825	8,940,640	513,660	261,415	252,245
Class of worker - not applicableCensus data footnote 169	404,350	197,705	206,640	12,570	6,260	6,305
All classes of workersCensus data footnote 170	18,268,125	9,534,120	8,734,000	501,085	255,155	245,935
Employee	16,073,685	8,158,745	7,914,940	450,120	224,580	225,540
Self-employedCensus data footnote 171	2,194,440	1,375,380	819,060	50,965	30,570	20,395
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 172	18,672,470	9,731,830	8,940,645	513,655	261,415	252,245
Occupation - not applicableCensus data footnote 169	404,350	197,710	206,640	12,570	6,260	6,310
All occupationsCensus data footnote 170	18,268,120	9,534,120	8,734,005	501,090	255,155	245,940
0 Management occupations	2,013,370	1,251,165	762,205	60,330	36,340	23,985
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,874,305	862,870	2,011,440	91,295	30,990	60,305
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,273,660	990,560	283,105	61,740	46,610	15,130
3 Health occupations	1,245,885	244,730	1,001,155	32,880	7,690	25,195
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,138,445	672,945	1,465,495	81,800	29,970	51,835
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	557,275	255,705	301,570	19,320	8,520	10,805
6 Sales and service occupations	4,265,895	1,843,510	2,422,390	107,655	53,245	54,410
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	2,668,875	2,504,290	164,585	36,775	34,705	2,065
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	416,135	331,920	84,215	4,345	3,575	775
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	814,285	576,435	237,845	4,940	3,505	1,430
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 173	18,672,475	9,731,830	8,940,640	513,660	261,410	252,245
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicableCensus data footnote 169	404,350	197,710	206,640	12,570	6,260	6,310
All industry categoriesCensus data footnote 170	18,268,125	9,534,120	8,734,000	501,090	255,155	245,940
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	444,680	310,000	134,675	2,240	1,395	845
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	271,300	219,880	51,420	490	420	70
22 Utilities	136,350	100,135	36,210	1,290	935	350
23 Construction	1,365,010	1,196,550	168,455	23,130	20,065	3,065
31-33 Manufacturing	1,596,570	1,149,745	446,820	15,675	11,005	4,665
41 Wholesale trade	665,685	451,230	214,455	11,895	8,600	3,290
44-45 Retail trade	2,110,200	984,090	1,126,115	52,590	26,900	25,695
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	876,050	656,375	219,670	14,445	10,805	3,645
51 Information and cultural industries	420,350	243,650	176,705	13,975	8,760	5,220
52 Finance and insurance	790,580	327,865	462,715	16,540	7,720	8,830
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	333,305	184,350	148,955	9,150	4,985	4,170
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,335,125	740,520	594,605	51,965	31,780	20,185
55 Management of companies and enterprises	28,795	12,795	16,000	410	150	255
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	802,420	462,825	339,590	21,845	13,310	8,540
61 Educational services	1,346,585	420,845	925,735	40,885	13,840	27,045
62 Health care and social assistance	2,138,025	383,755	1,754,270	54,615	11,735	42,880
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	379,740	192,875	186,865	10,005	4,850	5,155
72 Accommodation and food services	1,283,725	535,210	748,515	33,720	16,905	16,810
81 Other services (except public administration)	814,695	371,880	442,815	20,860	8,335	12,530
91 Public administration	1,128,945	589,530	539,405	105,355	52,655	52,700
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 174	17,230,035	8,923,540	8,306,495	476,540	241,720	234,820
Worked at home	1,272,285	639,500	632,785	34,565	17,295	17,270
Worked outside Canada	78,815	54,235	24,580	2,130	1,470	660
No fixed workplace address	1,987,260	1,487,445	499,820	39,375	27,925	11,450
Worked at usual place	13,891,675	6,742,360	7,149,315	400,480	195,030	205,445
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	13,891,680	6,742,365	7,149,315	400,475	195,030	205,445
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	8,102,115	3,723,115	4,379,005	370,510	179,440	191,070
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,906,390	1,435,640	1,470,750	0	0	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,725,205	1,492,170	1,233,030	8,790	4,815	3,980
Commute to a different province or territory	157,970	91,445	66,525	21,175	10,775	10,400
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 175	15,878,940	8,229,810	7,649,135	439,850	222,955	216,890
Car, truck, van - as a driver	11,748,095	6,380,120	5,367,975	275,615	149,525	126,100
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	868,920	349,855	519,065	25,250	7,930	17,315
Public transit	1,968,215	846,735	1,121,485	90,690	40,695	50,000
Walked	877,985	392,950	485,030	32,450	15,295	17,155
Bicycle	222,130	146,615	75,515	11,465	7,380	4,085
Other method	193,595	113,525	80,060	4,380	2,140	2,240
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 176	15,878,945	8,229,810	7,649,130	439,845	222,955	216,895
Less than 15 minutes	4,449,920	2,071,365	2,378,555	87,280	42,115	45,170
15 to 29 minutes	5,314,295	2,725,165	2,589,130	167,420	86,430	80,995
30 to 44 minutes	3,228,845	1,782,680	1,446,165	108,735	56,795	51,940
45 to 59 minutes	1,391,060	768,115	622,940	44,635	21,750	22,890
60 minutes and over	1,494,830	882,485	612,345	31,770	15,875	15,895
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 177	15,878,940	8,229,810	7,649,135	439,850	222,955	216,890
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,073,680	781,230	292,455	18,975	12,520	6,450
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	2,814,750	1,754,045	1,060,710	75,720	41,605	34,115
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	4,458,835	2,217,210	2,241,620	128,835	61,685	67,150
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	3,349,975	1,408,710	1,941,265	108,525	52,270	56,255
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,756,265	752,940	1,003,325	51,015	24,560	26,460
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,425,435	1,315,670	1,109,765	56,780	30,315	26,465
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 178	19,956,255	10,342,970	9,613,285	540,925	274,115	266,810
Single responses	19,365,980	10,042,855	9,323,130	514,005	261,905	252,100
Official languages	19,090,545	9,897,470	9,193,075	510,550	260,165	250,380
English	15,265,335	7,952,010	7,313,320	485,330	250,895	234,435
French	3,825,215	1,945,465	1,879,750	25,220	9,270	15,945
Non-official languages	275,430	145,380	130,055	3,460	1,740	1,715
Aboriginal languages	24,950	12,385	12,565	35	0	25
Algonquian languages	14,440	7,370	7,070	10	0	0
Blackfoot	80	45	35	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	11,540	5,820	5,720	10	0	10
Atikamekw	1,095	580	515	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	2,055	970	1,085	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	370	180	190	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	40	25	10	0	0	0
Plains Cree	95	60	35	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	15	10	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	75	35	40	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	7,795	3,965	3,835	10	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	925	510	420	0	0	0
Malecite	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	915	505	410	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	1,895	995	900	0	0	0
Algonquin	45	20	25	0	0	0
Ojibway	765	380	385	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	1,080	595	485	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	1,140	530	610	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	1,135	525	610	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	20	0	15	0	0	0
Chilcotin	20	0	10	0	0	0
Dene	770	360	405	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	165	80	80	0	0	0
Gwich'in	10	10	10	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	135	65	70	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	95	45	45	0	0	0
South Slavey	35	20	20	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	10	10	10	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	10	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	10	0	10	0	0	0
Inuit languages	8,845	4,255	4,595	25	10	20
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	35	10	25	0	0	0
Inuktitut	8,800	4,240	4,555	25	0	20
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	35	10	30	0	0	0
Cayuga	10	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	35	10	25	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	10	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	110	25	85	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	15	10	10	0	0	0
Lillooet	15	10	10	0	0	0
Okanagan	20	10	20	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	35	0	30	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	15	0	15	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	260	155	105	0	0	0
Dakota	20	10	10	0	0	0
Stoney	240	145	95	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	10	10	10	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	25	0	20	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	10	10	10	0	0	0
Nisga'a	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	35	15	20	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	10	10	10	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	30	15	15	10	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	250,485	132,990	117,490	3,425	1,735	1,690
Afro-Asiatic languages	7,380	4,530	2,850	610	360	250
Berber languages	35	10	30	0	0	0
Kabyle	20	0	20	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	15	10	15	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	275	105	170	20	0	20
Bilen	10	10	10	0	0	0
Oromo	45	25	20	0	0	0
Somali	220	80	145	25	0	20
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	7,065	4,420	2,650	590	360	230
Amharic	200	95	100	0	0	0
Arabic	5,585	3,695	1,890	560	345	220
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	205	155	55	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	30	20	15	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	825	335	490	20	10	0
Maltese	25	15	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	135	70	60	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	65	35	30	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	8,550	3,790	4,760	135	45	90
Khmer (Cambodian)	475	230	245	0	0	0
Vietnamese	8,070	3,560	4,510	140	45	90
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	3,850	1,750	2,095	45	25	25
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	75	20	55	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	25	0	15	0	0	0
Ilocano	110	50	60	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	140	75	65	10	10	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	3,450	1,580	1,875	30	10	20
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	40	25	15	0	0	0
Creole languages	350	125	225	20	10	15
Haitian Creole	25	10	15	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	315	110	200	15	10	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	2,225	1,060	1,165	10	10	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	90	50	45	10	10	0
Tamil	2,090	1,005	1,080	10	0	0
Telugu	45	10	35	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	85,550	47,305	38,245	880	385	495
Albanian	350	220	125	0	0	0
Armenian	450	220	230	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10,075	4,745	5,330	265	90	175
Baltic languages	95	35	60	0	0	0
Latvian	40	10	25	0	0	0
Lithuanian	60	25	30	0	0	0
Slavic languages	9,980	4,710	5,270	265	85	175
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	155	90	65	10	10	10
Bulgarian	205	110	90	10	10	0
Croatian	220	130	95	10	10	0
Czech	70	40	30	10	10	0
Macedonian	95	45	55	0	0	0
Polish	2,500	1,265	1,235	45	10	30
Russian	4,850	2,135	2,720	150	35	110
Serbian	530	320	210	25	10	10
Serbo-Croatian	30	25	0	0	0	0
Slovak	100	60	40	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	0	10	0	0	0
Ukrainian	1,210	485	725	25	10	20
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	25	20	10	0	0	10
Scottish Gaelic	15	15	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	0	0	0
Germanic languages	13,285	7,455	5,835	115	45	65
Afrikaans	85	40	40	0	0	0
Danish	90	50	35	0	0	0
Dutch	1,165	630	540	20	10	10
Frisian	40	25	15	0	0	0
German	10,065	5,715	4,345	75	25	40
Icelandic	0	10	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	65	30	40	0	10	0
Swedish	125	55	70	10	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	35	20	15	0	0	0
Yiddish	895	390	505	0	0	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	720	495	225	0	0	0
Greek	1,020	545	475	15	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages	37,330	21,140	16,190	120	60	60
Indo-Aryan languages	32,485	18,125	14,360	60	30	20
Bengali	530	275	245	10	10	0
Gujarati	880	300	585	0	0	0
Hindi	1,405	755	650	20	15	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	10	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	30	15	15	0	0	0
Nepali	195	95	100	10	0	10
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	27,870	15,945	11,920	0	0	0
Sindhi	35	10	30	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40	25	20	0	0	0
Urdu	1,495	705	790	20	15	10
Iranian languages	4,820	3,000	1,815	60	25	40
Kurdish	185	150	40	0	0	0
Pashto	50	20	25	10	0	10
Persian (Farsi)	4,580	2,830	1,750	50	20	30
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	23,025	12,965	10,060	365	180	185
Catalan	30	10	20	0	0	0
Italian	1,705	895	805	45	30	15
Portuguese	7,490	4,795	2,695	85	60	30
Romanian	745	365	380	0	0	0
Spanish	13,030	6,885	6,145	240	95	145
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0	0	0
Japanese	3,255	1,195	2,065	60	25	30
Kartvelian languages	30	10	20	0	0	0
Georgian	30	10	20	0	0	10
Korean	12,150	6,260	5,885	90	45	45
Mongolic languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	235	120	115	20	15	10
Akan (Twi)	25	10	20	0	0	0
Bamanankan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	20	10	10	0	0	0
Igbo	10	10	0	0	0	0
Lingala	10	0	10	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25	0	15	10	0	10
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	80	50	30	10	0	0
Wolof	10	0	10	0	0	0
Yoruba	15	0	15	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30	20	0	10	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	1,920	740	1,180	40	20	20
American Sign Language	1,145	340	810	35	10	20
Quebec Sign Language	135	15	115	0	0	10
Sign languages, n.i.e	640	390	255	10	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	122,880	65,030	57,850	1,425	750	675
Chinese languages	122,610	64,880	57,730	1,420	745	675
Cantonese	58,815	30,485	28,340	555	310	240
Hakka	70	25	45	0	0	0
Mandarin	60,090	32,430	27,665	820	395	425
Min Dong	25	15	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	565	335	225	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	105	65	45	10	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	2,930	1,530	1,405	45	35	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	270	155	115	10	10	0
Burmese	75	35	35	0	0	0
Karenic languages	135	75	55	0	0	0
Tibetan	50	30	20	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	675	270	405	35	25	15
Lao	150	70	80	10	10	0
Thai	525	205	325	25	15	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	750	475	275	25	15	10
Azerbaijani	30	20	0	10	10	0
Turkish	685	435	255	15	0	10
Uyghur	15	15	0	10	0	0
Uzbek	15	10	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	595	270	325	10	10	10
Estonian	50	15	40	0	0	0
Finnish	105	40	65	10	10	10
Hungarian	435	225	215	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	80	45	35	10	0	0
Multiple responses	590,270	300,115	290,155	26,920	12,210	14,715
English and French	412,680	211,095	201,585	22,895	10,265	12,630
English and non-official language	154,285	77,870	76,420	3,260	1,585	1,670
French and non-official language	7,830	3,595	4,235	65	15	50
English, French and non-official language	15,475	7,565	7,915	700	335	365
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 179	19,956,250	10,342,970	9,613,290	540,925	274,115	266,810
None	17,456,725	9,056,235	8,400,490	409,330	213,980	195,345
English	1,259,225	661,460	597,765	18,695	7,490	11,205
French	705,780	349,035	356,745	102,315	47,390	54,925
Non-official language	496,565	257,455	239,105	9,095	4,590	4,510
Aboriginal	37,615	17,215	20,400	125	45	80
Non-Aboriginal	458,945	240,245	218,710	8,965	4,540	4,425
English and French	2,535	1,200	1,335	120	40	80
English and non-official language	18,040	8,765	9,280	135	60	80
French and non-official language	17,265	8,730	8,540	1,235	560	670
English, French and non-official language	115	90	30	0	10	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 180	34,091,785	16,783,745	17,308,035	907,585	441,825	465,760
Non-movers	29,644,795	14,593,190	15,051,605	784,725	381,500	403,230
Movers	4,446,990	2,190,555	2,256,435	122,860	60,325	62,535
Non-migrants	2,623,515	1,292,750	1,330,760	85,920	42,250	43,670
Migrants	1,823,475	897,805	925,670	36,945	18,075	18,870
Internal migrants	1,451,005	713,060	737,945	24,555	11,835	12,720
Intraprovincial migrants	1,189,525	580,895	608,630	13,880	6,560	7,320
Interprovincial migrants	261,475	132,160	129,315	10,675	5,275	5,395
External migrants	372,475	184,745	187,730	12,385	6,235	6,150
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 181	32,568,560	16,004,315	16,564,245	868,130	422,015	446,120
Non-movers	20,134,760	9,902,645	10,232,115	524,030	253,970	270,065
Movers	12,433,805	6,101,675	6,332,130	344,100	168,045	176,050
Non-migrants	6,755,630	3,314,730	3,440,905	228,065	111,480	116,590
Migrants	5,678,175	2,786,945	2,891,230	116,035	56,570	59,460
Internal migrants	4,296,720	2,104,325	2,192,395	74,770	35,860	38,905
Intraprovincial migrants	3,467,670	1,689,950	1,777,720	42,445	20,160	22,285
Interprovincial migrants	829,045	414,375	414,670	32,325	15,700	16,630
External migrants	1,381,460	682,625	698,835	41,270	20,710	20,555