Census Profile, 2016 Census
Canada [Country] and Ottawa - Gatineau [Census metropolitan area], Ontario/Quebec

The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).

Characteristic	Canada [Country]			Ottawa - Gatineau Ontario/Quebec [Census metropolitan area]
	Data quality , Canada [Country]  Map : Canada [Country] Change geography 1			Data quality : Ottawa - Gatineau [Census metropolitan area], Ontario/Quebec  Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016Census data footnote 1	35,151,728	...	...	1,323,783	...	...
Population, 2011Census data footnote 1	33,476,688	...	...	1,254,919r	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	5.0	...	...	5.5	...	...
Total private dwellingsCensus data footnote 2	15,412,443	...	...	571,146	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residentsCensus data footnote 3	14,072,079	...	...	535,499	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	3.9	...	...	195.6	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	8,965,588.85	...	...	6,767.41	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% dataCensus data footnote 4	35,151,730	17,264,200	17,887,530	1,323,785	645,050	678,735
0 to 14 years	5,839,565	2,992,920	2,846,645	227,195	115,770	111,420
0 to 4 years	1,898,790	973,030	925,760	72,410	36,785	35,625
5 to 9 years	2,018,130	1,034,685	983,445	79,030	40,310	38,720
10 to 14 years	1,922,645	985,200	937,445	75,755	38,675	37,080
15 to 64 years	23,376,530	11,576,130	11,800,400	897,825	440,075	457,750
15 to 19 years	2,026,160	1,039,215	986,940	79,545	40,335	39,210
20 to 24 years	2,242,690	1,144,495	1,098,200	92,650	46,710	45,940
25 to 29 years	2,285,990	1,144,470	1,141,515	87,310	43,315	43,995
30 to 34 years	2,329,395	1,148,290	1,181,110	87,090	42,410	44,680
35 to 39 years	2,288,365	1,118,635	1,169,730	86,455	41,375	45,085
40 to 44 years	2,255,135	1,104,440	1,150,695	89,255	42,990	46,270
45 to 49 years	2,359,965	1,157,760	1,202,210	93,305	45,425	47,885
50 to 54 years	2,678,075	1,318,755	1,359,320	105,150	51,770	53,380
55 to 59 years	2,620,240	1,285,190	1,335,055	97,315	47,210	50,105
60 to 64 years	2,290,510	1,114,885	1,175,630	79,740	38,540	41,205
65 years and over	5,935,630	2,695,150	3,240,485	198,770	89,205	109,565
65 to 69 years	1,972,480	953,075	1,019,405	68,100	32,640	35,455
70 to 74 years	1,420,875	677,975	742,900	47,805	22,520	25,285
75 to 79 years	1,021,850	469,550	552,300	33,630	15,265	18,360
80 to 84 years	749,650	325,765	423,880	24,025	10,295	13,730
85 years and over	770,780	268,790	501,990	25,210	8,480	16,730
85 to 89 years	482,525	185,535	296,990	15,385	5,725	9,660
90 to 94 years	223,510	68,675	154,835	7,540	2,270	5,265
95 to 99 years	56,525	13,240	43,280	2,015	450	1,560
100 years and over	8,230	1,340	6,890	275	35	245
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.6	17.3	15.9	17.2	17.9	16.4
15 to 64 years	66.5	67.1	66.0	67.8	68.2	67.4
65 years and over	16.9	15.6	18.1	15.0	13.8	16.1
85 years and over	2.2	1.6	2.8	1.9	1.3	2.5
Average age of the population	41.0	40.1	41.9	39.9	39.1	40.8
Median age of the population	41.2	40.2	42.2	40.1	39.1	41.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% dataCensus data footnote 5	14,072,080	...	...	535,495	...	...
Single-detached house	7,541,495	...	...	240,120	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,391,040	...	...	75,230	...	...
Other attached dwellingCensus data footnote 6	4,949,795	...	...	218,955	...	...
Semi-detached house	698,800	...	...	38,905	...	...
Row house	891,305	...	...	88,160	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	784,300	...	...	15,630	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,539,390	...	...	75,475	...	...
Other single-attached house	36,005	...	...	790	...	...
Movable dwellingCensus data footnote 7	189,755	...	...	1,185	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% dataCensus data footnote 8	14,072,080	...	...	535,495	...	...
1 person	3,969,790	...	...	152,680	...	...
2 persons	4,834,605	...	...	180,485	...	...
3 persons	2,140,640	...	...	83,390	...	...
4 persons	1,946,275	...	...	77,495	...	...
5 or more persons	1,180,770	...	...	41,450	...	...
Number of persons in private households	34,460,060	...	...	1,300,730	...	...
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% dataCensus data footnote 9	29,312,160	14,271,280	15,040,885	1,096,590	529,285	567,310
Married or living common law	16,893,720	8,452,135	8,441,585	622,065	310,820	311,240
Married	13,383,455	6,693,465	6,689,990	490,740	244,860	245,880
Living common law	3,510,265	1,758,670	1,751,590	131,320	65,960	65,360
Not married and not living common law	12,418,440	5,819,140	6,599,300	474,530	218,460	256,065
Never married	8,254,340	4,444,425	3,809,915	326,610	171,115	155,500
Separated	718,295	309,905	408,400	27,555	11,385	16,170
Divorced	1,816,005	725,535	1,090,470	67,685	25,115	42,575
Widowed	1,629,800	339,280	1,290,525	52,670	10,850	41,825
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% dataCensus data footnote 10	9,840,730	...	...	365,730	...	...
2 persons	5,007,790	...	...	180,250	...	...
3 persons	2,107,830	...	...	79,000	...	...
4 persons	1,909,935	...	...	74,770	...	...
5 or more persons	815,170	...	...	31,720	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 11	9,840,730	...	...	365,735	...	...
Total couple families	8,227,925	...	...	304,265	...	...
Married couples	6,474,005	...	...	238,630	...	...
Common-law couples	1,753,920	...	...	65,635	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	1,612,805	...	...	61,465	...	...
Female parent	1,262,340	...	...	47,845	...	...
Male parent	350,465	...	...	13,625	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	8,227,925	...	...	304,265	...	...
Couples without children	4,024,305	...	...	143,685	...	...
Couples with children	4,203,615	...	...	160,575	...	...
1 child	1,650,165	...	...	60,875	...	...
2 children	1,783,080	...	...	69,835	...	...
3 or more children	770,375	...	...	29,870	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	1,612,805	...	...	61,465	...	...
1 child	983,485	...	...	36,560	...	...
2 children	457,670	...	...	18,120	...	...
3 or more children	171,655	...	...	6,785	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	6,107,260	2,941,395	3,165,865	234,190	109,975	124,210
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% dataCensus data footnote 12	14,072,075	...	...	535,500	...	...
One-census-family households	9,218,225	...	...	350,590	...	...
Without children in a census familyCensus data footnote 13	3,782,095	...	...	137,470	...	...
With children in a census familyCensus data footnote 14	5,436,135	...	...	213,125	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	301,715	...	...	7,450	...	...
Non-census-family households	4,552,135	...	...	177,455	...	...
One-person households	3,969,790	...	...	152,680	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	582,350	...	...	24,775	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% dataCensus data footnote 15	34,767,255	17,101,170	17,666,080	1,309,210	639,130	670,080
English only	23,757,525	11,838,075	11,919,455	598,535	304,995	293,545
French only	4,144,685	1,925,845	2,218,840	108,830	48,425	60,405
English and French	6,216,065	3,071,325	3,144,740	586,205	279,415	306,790
Neither English nor French	648,970	265,920	383,045	15,635	6,295	9,345
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% dataCensus data footnote 16	34,767,250	17,101,165	17,666,085	1,309,210	639,130	670,080
English	26,007,500	12,852,330	13,155,165	836,570	414,390	422,185
French	7,705,755	3,780,105	3,925,650	426,165	203,625	222,540
English and French	417,485	209,130	208,355	31,260	15,040	16,225
Neither English nor French	636,515	259,600	376,910	15,215	6,080	9,135
Official language minority (number)Census data footnote 17	7,914,495	3,884,670	4,029,825	441,795	211,140	230,655
Official language minority (percentage)Census data footnote 17	22.8	22.7	22.8	33.7	33.0	34.4
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% dataCensus data footnote 18	34,767,255	17,101,170	17,666,085	1,309,210	639,130	670,080
Single responses	33,948,620	16,702,840	17,245,775	1,265,260	618,070	647,195
Official languages	26,627,555	13,201,620	13,425,940	1,032,340	507,760	524,580
English	19,460,850	9,680,125	9,780,725	635,215	317,355	317,860
French	7,166,705	3,521,495	3,645,215	397,125	190,405	206,720
Non-official languages	7,321,065	3,501,220	3,819,840	232,925	110,310	122,615
Aboriginal languages	195,700	94,795	100,900	1,015	405	605
Algonquian languages	130,450	62,930	67,520	595	265	330
Blackfoot	2,815	1,325	1,490	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	88,445	42,920	45,530	445	205	235
Atikamekw	6,150	3,135	3,015	10	5	5
Montagnais (Innu)	10,230	4,885	5,350	5	0	5
Moose Cree	100	50	55	5	0	0
Naskapi	1,205	590	620	10	5	5
Northern East Cree	315	125	190	60	25	30
Plains Cree	3,065	1,360	1,710	15	10	10
Southern East Cree	45	20	25	10	5	5
Swampy Cree	1,440	585	850	30	15	20
Woods Cree	1,840	865	975	5	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	64,050	31,305	32,745	300	140	155
Eastern Algonquian languages	6,990	3,310	3,680	20	10	10
Malecite	305	140	160	5	5	0
Mi'kmaq	6,690	3,170	3,520	20	10	15
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	32,150	15,350	16,800	125	45	80
Algonquin	1,260	590	670	45	15	30
Ojibway	17,890	8,440	9,450	70	25	50
Oji-Cree	12,855	6,260	6,595	5	0	5
Ottawa (Odawa)	150	65	85	0	5	5
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	45	25	20	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	17,365	8,325	9,045	10	5	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	17,315	8,310	9,010	10	0	10
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	110	55	60	0	0	0
Beaver	190	85	105	0	0	0
Carrier	1,025	465	565	0	0	0
Chilcotin	660	295	360	0	0	0
Dene	10,700	5,185	5,515	5	0	5
Dogrib (Tlicho)	1,645	840	815	0	0	0
Gwich'in	260	110	145	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	80	25	50	0	0	0
Sekani	90	45	45	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	1,995	950	1,045	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	765	365	400	0	0	0
South Slavey	945	455	495	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	280	130	150	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	270	135	140	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	180	90	90	0	0	0
Tahltan	95	40	50	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	290	120	170	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	215	90	135	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	70	30	40	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	50	20	35	0	0	0
Haida	75	35	40	0	0	0
Inuit languages	36,545	18,100	18,445	360	120	240
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	1,025	445	575	5	5	5
Inuktitut	35,215	17,530	17,680	330	105	225
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	315	125	185	25	10	15
Iroquoian languages	1,115	485	635	35	15	15
Cayuga	45	20	20	0	0	0
Mohawk	980	430	555	25	10	15
Oneida	55	20	40	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	5	5	5
Kutenai	105	55	55	0	0	0
Michif	465	230	235	0	5	0
Salish languages	2,305	1,130	1,180	0	0	0
Comox	80	45	40	0	0	0
Halkomelem	475	225	245	0	0	0
Lillooet	315	155	155	0	0	0
Okanagan	270	135	135	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	445	225	220	0	0	0
Squamish	40	20	20	0	0	0
Straits	80	40	40	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	335	150	185	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	255	135	125	0	0	0
Siouan languages	4,285	2,070	2,220	0	0	0
Dakota	1,215	570	635	0	0	0
Stoney	3,025	1,465	1,555	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	0	0	0
Tlingit	95	40	55	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	1,480	730	755	0	0	5
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	880	435	445	0	0	5
Nisga'a	400	200	200	0	0	0
Tsimshian	200	90	110	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	805	370	435	0	0	0
Haisla	90	40	50	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	95	40	55	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	325	145	185	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	285	135	140	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	585	295	295	15	10	5
Non-Aboriginal languages	7,125,365	3,406,425	3,718,945	231,910	109,900	122,005
Afro-Asiatic languages	575,365	298,060	277,300	52,310	26,380	25,930
Berber languages	22,135	11,865	10,270	920	505	415
Kabyle	13,150	6,995	6,155	615	330	285
Berber languages, n.i.e.	8,985	4,865	4,115	305	175	130
Cushitic languages	42,885	20,095	22,790	6,945	3,015	3,935
Bilen	805	455	350	50	25	25
Oromo	4,960	2,560	2,400	225	130	100
Somali	36,755	16,895	19,865	6,575	2,815	3,760
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	365	195	170	100	45	50
Semitic languages	509,190	265,465	243,725	44,365	22,820	21,545
Amharic	22,465	10,720	11,745	1,515	710	805
Arabic	419,890	220,785	199,105	41,270	21,320	19,945
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	16,070	7,910	8,160	90	40	50
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5,545	2,780	2,770	10	5	5
Harari	1,320	635	685	55	25	30
Hebrew	19,530	10,480	9,045	370	205	165
Maltese	5,565	2,765	2,800	35	15	20
Tigrigna	16,650	8,310	8,340	940	460	480
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	2,155	1,085	1,070	75	40	40
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	1,155	635	520	80	45	35
Austro-Asiatic languages	176,725	81,810	94,920	7,670	3,530	4,135
Khmer (Cambodian)	20,130	9,270	10,860	1,315	590	725
Vietnamese	156,425	72,470	83,955	6,340	2,935	3,405
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	170	65	100	10	0	5
Austronesian languages	511,480	211,580	299,900	8,170	2,935	5,235
Bikol	1,790	790	1,000	35	15	20
Cebuano	19,890	7,930	11,960	390	130	260
Fijian	745	400	345	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	6,885	2,680	4,205	115	40	75
Ilocano	26,345	10,620	15,720	585	230	355
Malagasy	1,430	665	760	110	55	55
Malay	12,275	5,255	7,020	430	165	260
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	4,040	1,865	2,175	25	10	15
Pangasinan	1,390	590	800	30	15	15
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	431,380	178,575	252,810	6,275	2,220	4,055
Waray-Waray	1,110	430	675	45	20	25
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	4,195	1,770	2,425	130	50	85
Creole languages	72,125	32,310	39,820	5,450	2,320	3,125
Haitian Creole	3,030	1,445	1,590	410	180	230
Creole, n.o.s.	64,105	28,455	35,660	4,835	2,045	2,790
Creole languages, n.i.e.	4,985	2,410	2,575	205	95	105
Dravidian languages	189,405	94,765	94,640	3,875	2,005	1,870
Kannada	3,970	2,040	1,935	220	115	105
Malayalam	28,570	14,770	13,800	665	345	320
Tamil	140,720	69,080	71,640	2,460	1,260	1,205
Telugu	15,655	8,640	7,020	495	270	225
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	490	240	250	25	15	10
Hmong-Mien languages	795	395	405	0	5	0
Indo-European languages	3,877,330	1,889,400	1,987,930	102,905	49,075	53,825
Albanian	26,890	13,610	13,285	715	345	370
Armenian	33,455	16,270	17,185	525	270	260
Balto-Slavic languages	701,975	323,640	378,340	23,565	10,630	12,930
Baltic languages	12,530	5,315	7,215	495	215	280
Latvian	5,455	2,350	3,105	270	120	145
Lithuanian	7,075	2,965	4,115	220	90	130
Slavic languages	689,450	318,325	371,115	23,070	10,420	12,655
Belarusan	810	385	430	50	30	25
Bosnian	12,210	6,035	6,180	765	360	405
Bulgarian	20,025	9,675	10,345	1,075	500	570
Croatian	48,200	23,540	24,665	1,195	565	630
Czech	22,290	10,525	11,765	1,020	450	565
Macedonian	16,775	8,050	8,725	70	35	40
Polish	181,710	82,435	99,275	6,065	2,720	3,345
Russian	188,255	85,400	102,855	6,910	3,005	3,895
Serbian	57,350	28,535	28,815	2,295	1,125	1,170
Serbo-Croatian	9,555	4,565	4,985	890	440	450
Slovak	17,580	8,075	9,510	635	285	350
Slovene (Slovenian)	9,790	4,415	5,370	220	100	130
Ukrainian	102,485	45,440	57,040	1,830	780	1,045
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	2,415	1,255	1,165	45	30	20
Celtic languages	2,690	1,335	1,360	115	55	60
Scottish Gaelic	1,090	540	550	45	25	15
Welsh	1,075	495	575	55	20	35
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	530	295	235	20	10	10
Germanic languages	538,765	258,410	280,350	10,250	4,685	5,560
Afrikaans	10,265	5,115	5,145	175	85	85
Danish	12,630	6,245	6,390	345	160	185
Dutch	99,020	48,200	50,820	2,660	1,280	1,385
Frisian	2,100	1,095	1,005	50	25	25
German	384,035	183,215	200,820	6,240	2,760	3,480
Icelandic	1,285	600	685	20	10	10
Norwegian	4,615	2,170	2,445	150	65	85
Swedish	6,840	3,015	3,825	305	150	155
Vlaams (Flemish)	3,895	1,730	2,165	100	45	55
Yiddish	13,555	6,750	6,800	180	100	80
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	525	280	240	25	10	15
Greek	106,525	53,350	53,170	2,290	1,210	1,080
Indo-Iranian languages	1,312,750	664,120	648,630	28,125	14,205	13,920
Indo-Aryan languages	1,064,760	538,530	526,235	18,785	9,490	9,295
Bengali	73,125	37,410	35,720	3,345	1,660	1,680
Gujarati	108,780	55,105	53,670	1,495	775	725
Hindi	110,640	55,880	54,765	2,940	1,505	1,435
Kashmiri	565	300	265	20	10	10
Konkani	3,330	1,625	1,710	105	55	55
Marathi	8,295	4,300	3,995	295	155	140
Nepali	18,275	9,230	9,045	930	445	485
Oriya (Odia)	1,055	560	495	40	20	20
Punjabi (Panjabi)	501,680	253,515	248,160	3,960	2,040	1,925
Sindhi	11,860	5,605	6,260	265	120	145
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	16,335	8,050	8,285	830	400	430
Urdu	210,815	106,960	103,860	4,555	2,305	2,255
Iranian languages	242,805	122,835	119,970	9,240	4,650	4,585
Kurdish	11,705	6,345	5,355	735	390	340
Pashto	16,910	8,760	8,145	1,050	530	520
Persian (Farsi)	214,200	107,725	106,470	7,455	3,730	3,720
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5,180	2,755	2,425	105	65	40
Italic (Romance) languages	1,154,270	558,660	595,615	37,325	17,675	19,645
Catalan	865	440	425	35	20	15
Italian	375,635	184,415	191,220	9,575	4,780	4,795
Portuguese	221,540	106,630	114,910	7,020	3,360	3,665
Romanian	96,665	46,195	50,470	3,635	1,680	1,955
Spanish	458,850	220,605	238,245	17,025	7,820	9,200
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	720	380	340	30	20	15
Japanese	43,640	14,790	28,855	1,115	340	780
Kartvelian languages	1,715	910	805	40	15	20
Georgian	1,715	910	805	40	15	25
Korean	153,425	70,310	83,115	2,205	930	1,275
Mongolic languages	1,575	690	885	35	20	20
Mongolian	1,575	690	880	35	20	15
Niger-Congo languages	91,375	45,075	46,305	8,550	3,930	4,620
Akan (Twi)	13,455	6,490	6,970	385	185	200
Bamanankan	1,535	815	720	145	65	80
Edo	1,670	770	900	40	20	20
Ewe	1,760	950	805	165	75	95
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	2,825	1,495	1,335	260	130	130
Ga	920	445	470	60	35	25
Ganda	1,295	625	665	135	60	75
Igbo	4,235	2,265	1,970	205	105	100
Lingala	3,810	1,785	2,025	510	215	295
Rundi (Kirundi)	5,845	2,785	3,060	1,505	680	830
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5,250	2,355	2,895	1,150	460	695
Shona	3,180	1,520	1,665	120	45	75
Swahili	13,370	6,385	6,990	1,590	735	860
Wolof	3,990	2,170	1,820	275	135	140
Yoruba	9,085	4,785	4,300	265	135	130
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	19,135	9,435	9,695	1,715	850	870
Nilo-Saharan languages	5,870	3,025	2,845	335	155	185
Dinka	2,120	1,115	1,000	90	45	40
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	3,755	1,910	1,840	250	110	140
Sign languages	7,500	3,925	3,575	290	135	150
American Sign Language	2,685	1,320	1,360	90	35	55
Quebec Sign Language	695	340	355	35	15	15
Sign languages, n.i.e	4,120	2,265	1,860	165	90	80
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,269,215	589,570	679,645	33,855	15,705	18,145
Chinese languages	1,253,360	581,650	671,715	33,030	15,310	17,720
Cantonese	565,270	262,865	302,405	10,475	4,920	5,555
Hakka	10,910	4,900	6,015	160	65	90
Mandarin	592,040	274,630	317,410	19,995	9,225	10,775
Min Dong	1,230	580	650	50	20	25
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	31,795	14,450	17,350	780	335	440
Wu (Shanghainese)	12,915	5,780	7,140	455	205	250
Chinese, n.o.s.	38,580	18,165	20,410	1,100	525	580
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	610	275	335	20	10	10
Tibeto-Burman languages	15,850	7,925	7,935	825	400	425
Burmese	3,585	1,795	1,790	235	120	115
Karenic languages	4,705	2,355	2,350	325	155	170
Tibetan	6,165	3,080	3,080	90	50	45
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	1,400	695	705	170	75	95
Tai-Kadai languages	22,010	8,870	13,145	870	320	555
Lao	12,670	6,145	6,525	470	215	250
Thai	9,255	2,690	6,565	400	100	300
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	80	35	55	5	5	0
Turkic languages	40,140	21,120	19,025	1,785	910	875
Azerbaijani	3,260	1,785	1,470	125	75	60
Turkish	32,815	17,375	15,440	1,490	765	725
Uyghur	1,035	510	525	20	5	10
Uzbek	1,715	855	865	80	35	45
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	1,315	590	720	70	30	40
Uralic languages	81,985	37,790	44,195	2,265	1,090	1,175
Estonian	5,445	2,325	3,115	160	80	85
Finnish	15,295	6,395	8,900	335	135	195
Hungarian	61,235	29,060	32,175	1,770	880	890
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	3,690	2,045	1,645	195	110	90
Multiple responses	818,635	398,325	420,305	43,950	21,060	22,890
English and French	165,320	80,460	84,860	18,795	9,010	9,790
English and non-official language	533,265	259,160	274,100	16,045	7,790	8,255
French and non-official language	86,150	42,170	43,985	6,055	2,835	3,225
English, French and non-official language	33,900	16,535	17,365	3,050	1,430	1,620
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% dataCensus data footnote 19	34,767,250	17,101,165	17,666,085	1,309,210	639,130	670,080
Single responses	33,103,860	16,298,475	16,805,395	1,237,185	605,060	632,125
Official languages	29,106,670	14,383,020	14,723,645	1,121,640	550,390	571,255
English	22,162,865	10,966,135	11,196,730	768,215	381,070	387,150
French	6,943,800	3,416,890	3,526,910	353,425	169,320	184,105
Non-official languages	3,997,195	1,915,450	2,081,750	115,545	54,675	60,875
Aboriginal languages	118,470	59,720	58,750	405	185	220
Algonquian languages	75,080	37,825	37,260	265	130	140
Blackfoot	1,115	555	555	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	55,825	28,135	27,685	250	120	135
Atikamekw	5,465	2,825	2,640	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	8,590	4,195	4,395	0	5	0
Moose Cree	10	5	5	5	5	0
Naskapi	1,200	595	605	5	0	0
Northern East Cree	110	55	60	30	10	20
Plains Cree	1,350	665	685	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	20	5	15	5	5	5
Swampy Cree	330	140	190	10	0	5
Woods Cree	800	410	390	5	0	5
Cree, n.o.s.	37,945	19,240	18,710	190	100	95
Eastern Algonquian languages	3,615	1,795	1,820	5	5	0
Malecite	55	30	30	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	3,560	1,770	1,795	5	5	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	14,525	7,335	7,190	10	10	10
Algonquin	370	170	200	0	0	0
Ojibway	6,175	3,165	3,015	10	10	10
Oji-Cree	7,900	3,960	3,940	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	75	40	35	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	10,265	5,125	5,135	0	5	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10,255	5,120	5,135	0	5	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Beaver	50	30	20	0	0	0
Carrier	245	115	130	5	0	0
Chilcotin	255	125	130	0	0	0
Dene	7,710	3,805	3,905	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	1,020	550	475	0	0	0
Gwich'in	45	25	25	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sekani	15	10	5	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	820	425	395	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	340	180	155	0	0	0
South Slavey	370	190	185	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	105	55	55	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	25	15	15	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	25	10	10	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	5	5	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	30	15	15	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	25	15	10	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	10	0	5	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0	0	0
Haida	10	5	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	29,490	14,995	14,495	135	50	80
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	165	75	90	0	0	0
Inuktitut	29,230	14,885	14,345	115	45	70
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	90	40	55	15	5	10
Iroquoian languages	285	135	155	0	0	0
Cayuga	10	0	5	0	0	0
Mohawk	255	115	140	0	0	0
Oneida	15	5	10	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Kutenai	15	10	5	0	0	0
Michif	85	40	45	5	0	0
Salish languages	285	130	150	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	45	20	25	0	0	0
Lillooet	25	15	10	0	0	0
Okanagan	85	35	45	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	55	30	20	0	0	0
Squamish	5	0	5	0	0	0
Straits	20	10	15	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages	2,225	1,085	1,140	0	0	0
Dakota	255	140	120	0	0	0
Stoney	1,950	940	1,010	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0	0	0
Tlingit	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	410	210	190	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	315	155	155	0	0	0
Nisga'a	70	40	30	0	0	0
Tsimshian	25	15	15	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	75	45	35	0	0	0
Haisla	20	10	15	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	5	5	5	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	30	15	15	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	235	110	125	0	0	5
Non-Aboriginal languages	3,878,725	1,855,730	2,022,995	115,140	54,490	60,655
Afro-Asiatic languages	307,755	153,275	154,480	28,965	14,010	14,950
Berber languages	8,105	4,215	3,895	475	240	230
Kabyle	5,490	2,855	2,640	385	195	185
Berber languages, n.i.e.	2,620	1,365	1,260	90	45	40
Cushitic languages	27,095	12,455	14,640	4,005	1,650	2,350
Bilen	620	330	285	30	15	15
Oromo	3,410	1,700	1,710	130	70	65
Somali	22,895	10,340	12,555	3,785	1,540	2,245
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	185	85	95	55	20	30
Semitic languages	272,100	136,390	135,720	24,470	12,110	12,365
Amharic	12,780	6,010	6,770	870	405	460
Arabic	223,540	112,690	110,850	22,950	11,380	11,565
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10,510	5,090	5,425	35	20	25
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	3,445	1,695	1,750	0	0	0
Harari	735	335	400	20	10	10
Hebrew	8,560	4,425	4,135	145	80	65
Maltese	1,130	525	605	5	0	5
Tigrigna	10,205	5,040	5,170	430	200	230
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	1,200	585	620	20	15	10
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	440	215	230	20	10	5
Austro-Asiatic languages	115,210	53,500	61,710	4,530	2,090	2,435
Khmer (Cambodian)	10,880	4,940	5,945	590	265	325
Vietnamese	104,245	48,525	55,725	3,935	1,825	2,115
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	85	40	45	5	0	0
Austronesian languages	239,785	108,110	131,680	3,395	1,420	1,975
Bikol	290	140	155	0	0	5
Cebuano	7,210	3,325	3,880	125	55	70
Fijian	195	105	90	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	2,205	970	1,240	45	20	30
Ilocano	9,125	4,045	5,080	230	110	120
Malagasy	435	220	210	25	10	15
Malay	3,620	1,710	1,910	120	55	70
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	1,200	565	630	0	5	0
Pangasinan	240	110	135	10	5	5
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	213,790	96,235	117,555	2,780	1,150	1,635
Waray-Waray	310	135	170	10	5	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	1,160	545	620	45	20	20
Creole languages	27,860	12,005	15,850	2,235	920	1,315
Haitian Creole	1,280	575	705	205	85	120
Creole, n.o.s.	24,575	10,510	14,060	1,960	800	1,160
Creole languages, n.i.e.	2,005	920	1,085	75	30	40
Dravidian languages	122,490	59,780	62,710	1,880	930	950
Kannada	1,630	825	800	80	40	35
Malayalam	15,440	7,865	7,575	285	145	140
Tamil	96,955	46,570	50,385	1,310	635	680
Telugu	8,280	4,430	3,850	200	105	90
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	190	85	105	10	5	5
Hmong-Mien languages	340	160	180	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,911,215	927,225	983,985	45,425	21,600	23,825
Albanian	13,135	6,575	6,560	320	150	165
Armenian	21,505	10,165	11,345	250	115	135
Balto-Slavic languages	314,965	149,315	165,650	10,880	5,130	5,745
Baltic languages	3,275	1,400	1,870	110	45	65
Latvian	1,255	530	725	55	25	35
Lithuanian	2,020	870	1,150	50	20	30
Slavic languages	311,690	147,910	163,780	10,765	5,085	5,685
Belarusan	230	105	120	30	15	10
Bosnian	6,045	3,010	3,040	425	210	215
Bulgarian	11,985	5,835	6,150	560	265	300
Croatian	16,775	7,980	8,795	430	190	235
Czech	6,235	3,060	3,180	235	115	125
Macedonian	6,830	3,250	3,580	20	15	10
Polish	74,780	34,910	39,870	2,165	990	1,180
Russian	116,595	55,175	61,425	4,125	1,915	2,210
Serbian	31,750	15,665	16,085	1,490	755	735
Serbo-Croatian	3,885	1,865	2,020	465	235	230
Slovak	5,615	2,685	2,920	210	95	115
Slovene (Slovenian)	2,050	905	1,145	25	15	10
Ukrainian	28,250	13,150	15,100	575	265	310
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	670	310	360	10	5	5
Celtic languages	360	205	155	10	5	0
Scottish Gaelic	185	105	80	5	5	0
Welsh	95	50	45	0	5	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	80	50	30	0	5	0
Germanic languages	146,455	71,835	74,615	1,140	525	615
Afrikaans	4,790	2,355	2,435	40	20	20
Danish	855	410	445	25	10	20
Dutch	9,565	4,630	4,935	195	90	105
Frisian	185	95	90	0	5	5
German	120,335	58,905	61,435	780	350	425
Icelandic	270	120	150	5	0	0
Norwegian	345	145	200	10	0	5
Swedish	1,045	500	545	70	40	25
Vlaams (Flemish)	355	170	185	0	0	0
Yiddish	7,080	3,695	3,385	15	5	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	1,625	820	810	0	0	0
Greek	44,545	21,110	23,440	670	320	350
Indo-Iranian languages	838,755	416,960	421,795	15,305	7,475	7,825
Indo-Aryan languages	676,185	337,440	338,745	9,795	4,845	4,950
Bengali	47,350	23,585	23,765	1,985	960	1,030
Gujarati	64,150	31,740	32,405	620	315	305
Hindi	55,510	27,805	27,710	1,310	660	655
Kashmiri	135	70	70	5	5	5
Konkani	720	355	370	35	15	20
Marathi	3,780	1,940	1,840	115	50	65
Nepali	13,375	6,710	6,670	735	360	375
Oriya (Odia)	470	235	240	10	5	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	349,145	174,905	174,240	2,225	1,130	1,100
Sindhi	4,975	2,280	2,695	65	25	40
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	7,790	3,860	3,925	400	195	205
Urdu	128,785	63,965	64,820	2,285	1,130	1,160
Iranian languages	160,195	78,310	81,880	5,480	2,615	2,865
Kurdish	6,580	3,400	3,175	435	230	205
Pashto	10,590	5,305	5,290	655	315	340
Persian (Farsi)	143,020	69,600	73,425	4,385	2,065	2,315
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	2,375	1,215	1,160	25	15	10
Italic (Romance) languages	531,485	251,050	280,440	16,850	7,870	8,980
Catalan	355	165	190	20	5	10
Italian	115,415	49,975	65,440	2,580	1,155	1,425
Portuguese	98,710	46,915	51,795	3,020	1,435	1,590
Romanian	53,320	25,795	27,525	1,865	875	985
Spanish	263,510	128,110	135,400	9,365	4,390	4,970
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	180	85	95	5	0	0
Japanese	19,785	8,265	11,515	440	155	285
Kartvelian languages	1,040	565	475	5	5	5
Georgian	1,035	565	475	5	5	5
Korean	109,705	51,385	58,320	1,215	565	655
Mongolic languages	910	440	470	15	15	5
Mongolian	910	435	470	20	10	5
Niger-Congo languages	28,665	13,340	15,320	2,275	1,035	1,245
Akan (Twi)	5,990	2,695	3,295	130	60	70
Bamanankan	340	180	160	30	15	15
Edo	415	175	240	0	0	0
Ewe	410	185	225	35	15	15
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	825	400	425	60	30	30
Ga	250	105	140	10	5	5
Ganda	345	160	185	35	10	20
Igbo	1,000	485	510	55	25	30
Lingala	1,045	455	590	110	40	75
Rundi (Kirundi)	2,110	990	1,115	480	235	250
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	1,530	670	865	330	125	205
Shona	1,035	475	560	20	15	10
Swahili	5,370	2,500	2,870	560	260	295
Wolof	1,380	745	635	100	50	55
Yoruba	2,615	1,275	1,340	60	30	35
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	4,010	1,850	2,160	250	120	135
Nilo-Saharan languages	2,650	1,305	1,350	90	40	45
Dinka	1,130	580	550	30	15	10
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	1,525	730	800	60	25	40
Sign languages	10,445	5,870	4,570	400	215	185
American Sign Language	3,015	1,560	1,460	120	55	65
Quebec Sign Language	730	375	355	40	20	20
Sign languages, n.i.e	6,690	3,935	2,755	240	135	100
Sino-Tibetan languages	924,720	433,530	491,190	22,425	10,630	11,800
Chinese languages	913,365	427,860	485,505	21,840	10,355	11,490
Cantonese	400,215	184,340	215,885	5,985	2,755	3,230
Hakka	4,080	1,820	2,265	50	20	30
Mandarin	462,890	220,075	242,815	14,600	7,005	7,595
Min Dong	345	150	195	15	5	5
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	13,965	6,345	7,625	305	125	180
Wu (Shanghainese)	7,650	3,580	4,075	250	120	130
Chinese, n.o.s.	23,935	11,440	12,500	635	325	310
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	280	130	150	5	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	11,350	5,670	5,680	580	275	305
Burmese	2,245	1,115	1,125	150	70	80
Karenic languages	3,865	1,935	1,930	250	120	125
Tibetan	4,590	2,305	2,280	70	40	35
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	655	305	345	115	50	65
Tai-Kadai languages	9,565	4,455	5,110	335	135	195
Lao	6,175	2,995	3,180	225	100	125
Thai	3,360	1,450	1,915	105	35	75
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	30	15	15	0	0	0
Turkic languages	22,250	11,205	11,045	925	450	475
Azerbaijani	1,245	640	610	50	25	30
Turkish	18,955	9,525	9,430	800	390	410
Uyghur	610	315	290	10	5	5
Uzbek	990	505	490	45	20	25
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	455	230	225	25	15	10
Uralic languages	23,245	10,715	12,535	555	260	290
Estonian	975	365	610	20	10	10
Finnish	2,790	1,220	1,565	40	15	25
Hungarian	19,485	9,125	10,355	490	235	255
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	1,110	605	500	45	25	20
Multiple responses	1,663,390	802,695	860,690	72,020	34,065	37,955
English and French	160,185	77,940	82,235	19,975	9,300	10,675
English and non-official language	1,284,975	620,375	664,600	38,645	18,670	19,975
French and non-official language	148,915	70,915	78,000	7,085	3,170	3,910
English, French and non-official language	69,315	33,465	35,850	6,315	2,930	3,385
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% dataCensus data footnote 20	34,767,255	17,101,165	17,666,080	1,309,210	639,130	670,085
None	29,615,245	14,612,175	15,003,065	1,002,240	493,925	508,315
English	2,109,340	1,045,215	1,064,120	131,290	62,940	68,350
French	731,095	342,245	388,855	84,100	39,365	44,740
Non-official language	2,151,690	1,023,940	1,127,750	79,140	37,120	42,020
Aboriginal	90,740	42,890	47,850	565	220	350
Non-Aboriginal	2,060,945	981,055	1,079,895	78,575	36,905	41,675
English and French	47,970	23,785	24,190	3,965	1,895	2,070
English and non-official language	61,075	30,045	31,030	3,780	1,805	1,975
French and non-official language	48,755	22,690	26,065	4,580	2,020	2,560
English, French and non-official language	2,080	1,075	1,010	115	60	55
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 21	28,642,980	13,990,620	14,652,355	1,073,835	519,975	553,855
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	27,488,530	13,444,335	14,044,190	1,028,710	498,065	530,635
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,204	40,782	28,860	41,241	46,738	36,869
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	27,499,185	13,449,010	14,050,175	1,029,070	498,110	530,960
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,866	35,933	26,621	36,258	40,420	32,858
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	24,583,315	12,296,595	12,286,725	936,155	460,000	476,155
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,762	39,925	26,613	40,490	46,637	35,216
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	19,743,240	8,755,815	10,987,430	718,885	320,095	398,790
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	5,453	4,199	6,136	4,183	2,517	5,345
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	20,428,685	10,547,760	9,880,925	773,290	390,165	383,125
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,684	39,836	28,474	40,109	44,501	36,367
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 22	28,643,015	13,990,430	14,652,585	1,073,820	519,960	553,860
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	27,489,395	13,441,555	14,047,845	1,028,635	497,800	530,830
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	47,487	56,740	38,632	52,455	59,537	45,813
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	27,500,230	13,446,230	14,053,995	1,029,005	497,825	531,180
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,977	45,404	32,828	42,688	47,611	38,075
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	24,584,065	12,295,015	12,289,055	936,350	459,750	476,600
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,885	56,803	36,962	52,122	59,985	44,536
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	19,742,130	8,752,070	10,990,060	718,435	319,760	398,675
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,738	7,345	8,050	7,172	6,441	7,759
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	20,428,670	10,542,540	9,886,130	773,285	389,505	383,775
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,057	54,369	37,193	50,766	57,094	44,344
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 23	28,643,015	13,990,430	14,652,585	1,073,820	519,960	553,860
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 24	9,367,045	5,231,015	4,136,035	393,295	210,765	182,530
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)Census data footnote 25	53,431	59,326	47,420	62,792	67,303	58,965
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)Census data footnote 26	65,997	74,289	55,510	71,298	77,591	64,031
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% dataCensus data footnote 27	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)Census data footnote 28	88.3	91.6	83.7	90.4	93.1	87.2
Employment income (%)Census data footnote 29	72.0	75.2	67.7	72.7	74.9	70.0
Government transfers (%)Census data footnote 30	11.7	8.4	16.3	9.6	6.9	12.8
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 31	28,642,980	13,990,620	14,652,360	1,073,835	519,975	553,855
Without total income	1,154,450	546,285	608,165	45,130	21,910	23,220
With total income	27,488,530	13,444,335	14,044,195	1,028,705	498,070	530,640
Percentage with total income	96.0	96.1	95.8	95.8	95.8	95.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,877,620	1,668,960	2,208,655	133,245	61,265	71,975
$10,000 to $19,999	4,680,380	1,867,600	2,812,785	152,825	63,680	89,150
$20,000 to $29,999	3,807,840	1,593,335	2,214,505	115,060	49,245	65,815
$30,000 to $39,999	3,206,175	1,472,670	1,733,510	100,450	44,925	55,525
$40,000 to $49,999	2,827,045	1,376,565	1,450,480	96,125	43,635	52,490
$50,000 to $59,999	2,179,775	1,145,685	1,034,090	87,185	40,980	46,205
$60,000 to $69,999	1,655,070	938,755	716,310	75,865	37,625	38,235
$70,000 to $79,999	1,271,850	745,830	526,015	60,350	31,435	28,915
$80,000 to $89,999	966,885	579,290	387,590	50,770	27,330	23,440
$90,000 to $99,999	749,290	452,240	297,050	42,380	22,805	19,575
$100,000 and over	2,266,600	1,603,400	663,195	114,450	75,140	39,310
$100,000 to $149,999	1,493,570	1,024,210	469,365	82,750	52,275	30,480
$150,000 and over	773,025	579,190	193,830	31,695	22,865	8,830
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 32	28,642,980	13,990,620	14,652,360	1,073,835	519,975	553,855
Without after-tax income	1,143,795	541,620	602,175	44,765	21,865	22,895
With after-tax income	27,499,185	13,449,010	14,050,175	1,029,070	498,110	530,955
Percentage with after-tax income	96.0	96.1	95.9	95.8	95.8	95.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,004,475	1,706,825	2,297,645	139,335	62,495	76,840
$10,000 to $19,999	4,905,055	1,972,920	2,932,130	159,560	67,185	92,375
$20,000 to $29,999	4,489,925	1,926,175	2,563,755	135,590	59,190	76,405
$30,000 to $39,999	3,924,960	1,870,705	2,054,250	127,425	57,705	69,720
$40,000 to $49,999	3,144,200	1,619,670	1,524,525	119,660	55,865	63,795
$50,000 to $59,999	2,209,280	1,245,570	963,705	99,760	49,345	50,410
$60,000 to $69,999	1,540,300	912,230	628,065	76,185	40,485	35,700
$70,000 to $79,999	1,076,180	654,570	421,610	59,640	32,550	27,090
$80,000 and over	2,204,820	1,540,335	664,485	111,910	73,290	38,625
$80,000 to $89,999	688,705	444,550	244,145	40,360	24,115	16,250
$90,000 to $99,999	420,975	291,090	129,885	23,175	15,035	8,140
$100,000 and over	1,095,140	804,690	290,445	48,375	34,140	14,235
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 33	28,642,980	13,990,625	14,652,360	1,073,835	519,980	553,855
Without employment income	8,214,295	3,442,860	4,771,430	300,545	129,810	170,735
With employment income	20,428,690	10,547,760	9,880,925	773,285	390,165	383,125
Percentage with employment income	71.3	75.4	67.4	72.0	75.0	69.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,778,990	1,357,430	1,421,560	92,380	45,375	47,005
$5,000 to $9,999	1,602,140	697,025	905,120	56,710	25,510	31,200
$10,000 to $19,999	2,736,010	1,212,855	1,523,155	94,460	43,165	51,295
$20,000 to $29,999	2,293,785	1,022,090	1,271,695	74,780	35,085	39,695
$30,000 to $39,999	2,149,860	1,001,065	1,148,795	67,455	32,260	35,200
$40,000 to $49,999	1,928,565	946,625	981,940	64,295	30,020	34,280
$50,000 to $59,999	1,554,100	839,045	715,055	61,835	28,885	32,945
$60,000 to $69,999	1,220,310	708,270	512,040	54,350	26,755	27,595
$70,000 to $79,999	992,170	591,945	400,225	43,635	22,800	20,840
$80,000 and over	3,172,770	2,171,415	1,001,355	163,385	100,315	63,075
$80,000 to $89,999	773,755	475,700	298,055	40,835	21,765	19,065
$90,000 to $99,999	623,980	382,330	241,650	34,545	18,900	15,650
$100,000 and over	1,775,030	1,313,385	461,645	88,005	59,645	28,360
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% dataCensus data footnote 34	14,072,080	...	...	535,500	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	70,336	...	...	82,053	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	61,348	...	...	69,904	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	3,969,790	...	...	152,680	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	35,174	...	...	44,189	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,446	...	...	38,211	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	10,102,290	...	...	382,815	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	88,249	...	...	102,423	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	76,419	...	...	86,781	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 35	14,072,075	...	...	535,500	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	92,764	...	...	100,760	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	76,171	...	...	82,029	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	3,967,765	...	...	152,680	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	46,799	...	...	53,108	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	38,685	...	...	43,283	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	10,104,315	...	...	382,820	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	110,813	...	...	119,766	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	90,890	...	...	97,482	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 36	14,072,075	...	...	535,495	...	...
Under $5,000	228,790	...	...	8,045	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	200,315	...	...	6,965	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	374,575	...	...	13,275	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	565,940	...	...	17,185	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	602,800	...	...	16,425	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	538,710	...	...	16,305	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	603,480	...	...	17,340	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	606,600	...	...	18,210	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	596,110	...	...	18,735	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	578,325	...	...	18,715	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,097,345	...	...	37,900	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,010,415	...	...	37,130	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	924,320	...	...	34,455	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	836,765	...	...	33,010	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	745,655	...	...	30,555	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,561,920	...	...	211,255	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,470,255	...	...	62,625	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,016,245	...	...	45,925	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,116,140	...	...	56,635	...	...
$200,000 and over	959,285	...	...	46,070	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 32	14,072,075	...	...	535,500	...	...
Under $5,000	243,780	...	...	8,510	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	203,865	...	...	7,090	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	380,680	...	...	13,465	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	591,660	...	...	17,980	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	673,740	...	...	18,500	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	628,225	...	...	18,995	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	719,825	...	...	21,435	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	725,675	...	...	22,975	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	711,180	...	...	23,815	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	691,695	...	...	24,180	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,299,680	...	...	47,325	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,169,515	...	...	43,920	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,041,635	...	...	41,150	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	900,055	...	...	36,895	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	757,295	...	...	32,040	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,333,575	...	...	157,220	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,371,945	...	...	61,155	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	809,540	...	...	40,210	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,152,090	...	...	55,855	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 37	9,688,845	...	...	364,260	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	88,306	...	...	103,954	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	76,372	...	...	87,807	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	3,706,220	...	...	134,365	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	78,976	...	...	96,455	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	68,309	...	...	81,260	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	4,222,140	...	...	161,365	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	113,465	...	...	132,633	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	96,608	...	...	110,386	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,481,410	...	...	58,185	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	53,193	...	...	61,624	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	48,856	...	...	54,863	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 38	9,689,855	...	...	364,270	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	111,235	...	...	121,444	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	91,040	...	...	98,577	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	3,706,400	...	...	134,470	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	101,086	...	...	113,491	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	82,296	...	...	91,361	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	4,225,855	...	...	161,420	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	137,094	...	...	148,182	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	111,307	...	...	119,540	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,477,190	...	...	58,035	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	65,549	...	...	70,115	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	56,687	...	...	60,044	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 21	5,313,545	2,608,845	2,704,705	207,010	98,805	108,205
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)Census data footnote 39	31,890	34,483	29,801	37,610	36,830	38,252
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)Census data footnote 39	28,959	30,746	27,495	33,367	32,607	33,951
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 40	5,299,050	2,596,985	2,702,070	206,575	98,480	108,100
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)Census data footnote 41	42,939	46,085	39,915	47,046	47,219	46,889
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)Census data footnote 41	35,801	37,724	33,952	38,813	38,652	38,960
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 42	34,460,065	16,971,550	17,488,515	1,300,730	635,585	665,145
In the bottom half of the distribution	17,229,835	8,256,970	8,972,865	529,735	253,600	276,140
In the bottom decile	3,445,950	1,672,900	1,773,050	117,085	57,600	59,485
In the second decile	3,445,660	1,564,965	1,880,700	100,310	46,635	53,675
In the third decile	3,446,165	1,641,930	1,804,235	97,770	46,490	51,280
In the fourth decile	3,445,850	1,677,120	1,768,730	102,665	48,925	53,740
In the fifth decile	3,446,210	1,700,060	1,746,150	111,915	53,955	57,965
In the top half of the distribution	17,230,230	8,714,580	8,515,650	770,995	381,985	389,010
In the sixth decile	3,445,695	1,716,510	1,729,185	124,020	59,975	64,040
In the seventh decile	3,446,470	1,730,975	1,715,500	137,795	67,360	70,430
In the eighth decile	3,445,940	1,741,640	1,704,300	156,470	77,515	78,955
In the ninth decile	3,446,045	1,751,850	1,694,195	180,230	89,855	90,380
In the top decile	3,446,080	1,773,600	1,672,475	172,485	87,285	85,200
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% dataCensus data footnote 43	33,968,295	16,724,265	17,244,035	1,300,730	635,585	665,145
0 to 17 years	6,836,380	3,504,250	3,332,125	272,405	138,765	133,640
0 to 5 years	2,228,770	1,142,505	1,086,270	87,655	44,630	43,025
18 to 64 years	21,695,090	10,690,090	11,005,005	845,815	412,545	433,270
65 years and over	5,436,830	2,529,930	2,906,905	182,515	84,280	98,235
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	4,809,940	2,243,200	2,566,740	159,040	75,425	83,615
0 to 17 years	1,163,830	597,570	566,255	40,600	21,030	19,570
0 to 5 years	396,095	203,055	193,030	13,940	7,290	6,655
18 to 64 years	2,855,290	1,341,590	1,513,700	99,465	47,110	52,360
65 years and over	790,825	304,040	486,780	18,965	7,280	11,685
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.2	13.4	14.9	12.2	11.9	12.6
0 to 17 years (%)	17.0	17.1	17.0	14.9	15.2	14.6
0 to 5 years (%)	17.8	17.8	17.8	15.9	16.3	15.5
18 to 64 years (%)	13.2	12.5	13.8	11.8	11.4	12.1
65 years and over (%)	14.5	12.0	16.7	10.4	8.6	11.9
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,128,995	1,519,370	1,609,630	129,610	63,115	66,495
0 to 17 years	696,025	357,255	338,770	29,355	15,145	14,205
0 to 5 years	236,435	121,170	115,260	10,245	5,360	4,890
18 to 64 years	2,157,745	1,057,585	1,100,160	88,910	43,765	45,150
65 years and over	275,225	104,525	170,695	11,345	4,200	7,145
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	9.2	9.1	9.3	10.0	9.9	10.0
0 to 17 years (%)	10.2	10.2	10.2	10.8	10.9	10.6
0 to 5 years (%)	10.6	10.6	10.6	11.7	12.0	11.4
18 to 64 years (%)	9.9	9.9	10.0	10.5	10.6	10.4
65 years and over (%)	5.1	4.1	5.9	6.2	5.0	7.3
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 44	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485	1,300,730	635,600	665,135
Official languages	33,818,210	16,709,290	17,108,920	1,285,210	629,390	655,820
English	29,748,265	14,806,270	14,941,995	1,177,535	581,350	596,185
French	10,242,945	4,952,455	5,290,495	691,235	325,890	365,345
Non-official languages	9,369,280	4,488,185	4,881,090	331,375	156,060	175,305
Aboriginal languages	263,845	127,550	136,295	1,615	610	1,005
Algonquian languages	177,570	85,505	92,065	935	365	570
Blackfoot	5,645	2,695	2,950	10	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	116,585	56,515	60,070	570	210	360
Atikamekw	6,640	3,335	3,305	0	10	10
Montagnais (Innu)	11,440	5,500	5,945	15	10	10
Moose Cree	195	80	115	0	0	0
Naskapi	1,465	710	755	15	10	10
Northern East Cree	545	225	320	80	35	45
Plains Cree	5,905	2,705	3,200	10	10	0
Southern East Cree	40	30	10	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	2,345	995	1,350	60	15	40
Woods Cree	2,665	1,230	1,435	20	10	0
Cree, n.o.s.	86,115	42,080	44,035	360	125	235
Eastern Algonquian languages	9,765	4,710	5,050	60	35	25
Malecite	755	370	390	10	10	0
Mi'kmaq	9,025	4,350	4,670	50	30	20
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	46,685	22,100	24,585	315	120	195
Algonquin	2,480	1,165	1,315	80	35	50
Ojibway	28,585	13,365	15,220	215	80	135
Oji-Cree	15,610	7,575	8,030	15	0	10
Ottawa (Odawa)	205	105	105	10	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	120	60	60	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	23,655	11,340	12,320	20	10	15
Northern Athabaskan languages	23,570	11,300	12,265	15	10	15
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	210	105	100	0	0	0
Beaver	340	180	165	0	0	0
Carrier	2,105	955	1,145	0	0	0
Chilcotin	1,150	535	610	0	0	0
Dene	13,060	6,270	6,790	15	0	10
Dogrib (Tlicho)	2,375	1,210	1,165	0	0	10
Gwich'in	360	165	200	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	150	60	90	0	0	0
Sekani	185	85	100	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	2,815	1,340	1,475	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	1,010	475	530	0	0	0
South Slavey	1,365	660	710	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	680	320	360	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	630	340	285	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	365	205	170	0	0	0
Tahltan	270	140	130	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	420	160	260	10	0	0
Northern Tutchone	285	115	170	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	145	50	95	10	0	10
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	85	35	50	0	0	0
Haida	465	205	260	0	0	0
Inuit languages	42,980	21,355	21,630	600	225	380
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	1,975	895	1,080	10	0	10
Inuktitut	40,620	20,280	20,340	550	205	340
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	470	225	240	45	15	30
Iroquoian languages	2,800	1,240	1,555	50	10	35
Cayuga	125	40	85	0	0	0
Mohawk	2,415	1,120	1,295	55	15	40
Oneida	180	60	125	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	115	45	75	0	0	0
Kutenai	175	95	80	0	0	0
Michif	1,210	585	625	10	0	0
Salish languages	5,750	2,730	3,015	0	0	0
Comox	185	75	110	0	0	0
Halkomelem	1,060	475	585	0	0	0
Lillooet	790	405	385	0	0	0
Okanagan	820	370	450	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	1,305	640	665	0	0	0
Squamish	285	125	155	0	0	0
Straits	360	160	200	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	450	220	235	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	565	295	270	0	0	0
Siouan languages	5,430	2,665	2,770	0	0	0
Dakota	1,760	870	890	0	0	0
Stoney	3,675	1,805	1,875	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	140	70	70	0	0	0
Tlingit	260	140	120	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	2,730	1,350	1,380	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	1,305	645	660	10	0	0
Nisga'a	1,060	545	515	0	0	0
Tsimshian	410	180	235	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	1,490	680	805	10	0	0
Haisla	175	65	110	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	125	50	75	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	605	285	320	0	10	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	565	265	300	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	30	20	10	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	665	310	360	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	9,107,075	4,361,420	4,745,660	329,835	155,485	174,350
Afro-Asiatic languages	837,355	432,560	404,795	72,850	36,795	36,055
Berber languages	29,460	15,745	13,715	1,340	735	610
Kabyle	17,120	9,100	8,015	925	470	450
Berber languages, n.i.e.	12,505	6,735	5,775	425	265	160
Cushitic languages	57,125	26,870	30,250	9,680	4,345	5,335
Bilen	1,085	625	470	90	55	35
Oromo	6,245	3,070	3,175	395	185	210
Somali	49,665	23,070	26,590	9,130	4,065	5,065
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	480	220	265	140	60	85
Semitic languages	771,130	400,780	370,350	63,250	32,445	30,805
Amharic	33,670	16,675	16,995	2,135	1,010	1,125
Arabic	629,055	329,235	299,820	58,430	30,115	28,315
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	19,745	9,720	10,020	95	30	60
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	7,115	3,505	3,610	0	0	0
Harari	1,710	855	860	40	20	15
Hebrew	75,020	38,730	36,290	1,945	1,055	890
Maltese	7,625	3,760	3,870	70	20	45
Tigrigna	21,340	10,640	10,705	1,225	515	705
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	3,220	1,655	1,565	240	150	85
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	2,775	1,440	1,335	200	105	95
Austro-Asiatic languages	224,865	105,845	119,020	9,570	4,535	5,035
Khmer (Cambodian)	27,035	12,640	14,400	1,790	820	970
Vietnamese	198,895	93,735	105,155	7,835	3,745	4,095
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	190	70	120	10	0	0
Austronesian languages	656,200	273,075	383,125	10,815	3,990	6,820
Bikol	2,075	885	1,190	30	10	20
Cebuano	27,045	10,960	16,085	600	215	385
Fijian	1,660	955	705	10	0	10
Hiligaynon	7,925	3,200	4,720	180	65	120
Ilocano	34,530	13,805	20,730	715	305	415
Malagasy	2,335	1,120	1,220	200	100	100
Malay	22,470	10,370	12,100	705	310	400
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5,425	2,445	2,980	60	25	45
Pangasinan	1,800	790	1,015	60	25	40
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	612,735	253,210	359,530	9,530	3,420	6,110
Waray-Waray	1,395	530	860	35	0	25
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5,585	2,540	3,040	115	55	60
Creole languages	155,615	70,545	85,070	12,385	5,345	7,040
Haitian Creole	6,850	3,140	3,710	700	295	400
Creole, n.o.s.	133,045	59,890	73,160	11,035	4,760	6,280
Creole languages, n.i.e.	16,635	7,955	8,675	700	310	390
Dravidian languages	250,180	126,220	123,960	5,135	2,595	2,540
Kannada	8,245	4,180	4,065	465	235	235
Malayalam	37,810	19,410	18,400	845	380	465
Tamil	189,860	94,640	95,220	3,390	1,735	1,655
Telugu	23,160	12,770	10,390	805	425	380
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	790	385	405	30	20	10
Hmong-Mien languages	870	435	435	0	10	0
Indo-European languages	5,158,010	2,506,455	2,651,555	161,040	75,675	85,365
Albanian	31,930	16,140	15,790	870	425	440
Armenian	41,295	19,980	21,315	745	395	350
Balto-Slavic languages	817,315	384,960	432,350	28,735	13,310	15,425
Baltic languages	14,675	6,470	8,205	570	245	320
Latvian	6,500	2,960	3,540	285	120	170
Lithuanian	8,185	3,510	4,675	285	125	160
Slavic languages	805,915	379,965	425,945	28,275	13,110	15,170
Belarusan	2,265	1,070	1,195	165	75	90
Bosnian	18,265	9,055	9,215	1,265	600	665
Bulgarian	22,425	10,920	11,505	1,290	605	690
Croatian	69,840	34,515	35,325	2,115	1,045	1,070
Czech	28,720	13,675	15,050	1,435	615	820
Macedonian	23,075	11,190	11,880	120	50	75
Polish	214,965	99,365	115,600	7,070	3,240	3,835
Russian	269,645	127,055	142,595	10,705	4,995	5,710
Serbian	73,775	37,040	36,740	2,785	1,380	1,410
Serbo-Croatian	11,275	5,525	5,750	995	540	460
Slovak	21,470	10,215	11,255	1,035	430	610
Slovene (Slovenian)	11,495	5,205	6,290	295	135	155
Ukrainian	132,115	58,820	73,300	2,660	1,130	1,540
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	3,000	1,590	1,405	60	15	45
Celtic languages	9,165	4,705	4,455	430	205	225
Scottish Gaelic	3,980	2,010	1,975	175	85	90
Welsh	1,690	830	860	100	35	60
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	3,590	1,915	1,680	165	90	80
Germanic languages	695,535	337,215	358,320	19,985	9,610	10,370
Afrikaans	23,410	11,795	11,610	455	225	225
Danish	15,745	7,320	8,425	495	235	260
Dutch	120,865	57,885	62,990	3,440	1,635	1,805
Frisian	2,910	1,515	1,395	70	30	40
German	502,730	245,745	256,985	14,705	7,120	7,585
Icelandic	1,780	830	945	55	25	30
Norwegian	8,120	3,860	4,260	380	160	220
Swedish	14,140	6,510	7,635	645	320	330
Vlaams (Flemish)	4,400	1,945	2,455	130	50	80
Yiddish	20,985	10,435	10,550	355	185	170
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	8,710	4,425	4,285	40	20	15
Greek	150,965	75,510	75,455	3,365	1,735	1,630
Indo-Iranian languages	1,658,220	840,850	817,365	36,835	18,640	18,200
Indo-Aryan languages	1,387,805	704,370	683,435	26,495	13,405	13,090
Bengali	91,220	46,935	44,285	4,320	2,210	2,105
Gujarati	149,045	74,765	74,285	2,290	1,235	1,060
Hindi	433,365	221,665	211,700	10,595	5,465	5,130
Kashmiri	905	490	420	10	0	10
Konkani	6,790	3,185	3,605	145	75	65
Marathi	15,570	8,200	7,365	580	315	260
Nepali	21,380	10,915	10,470	1,300	660	645
Oriya (Odia)	1,535	755	775	75	40	30
Punjabi (Panjabi)	668,240	341,450	326,790	6,440	3,315	3,125
Sindhi	20,260	9,310	10,945	505	220	280
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	27,825	13,970	13,855	1,080	495	590
Urdu	322,220	164,685	157,535	7,490	3,720	3,770
Iranian languages	281,715	142,030	139,680	10,910	5,535	5,370
Kurdish	15,290	8,290	7,000	890	495	395
Pashto	23,180	12,465	10,715	1,425	770	655
Persian (Farsi)	252,320	126,565	125,755	9,435	4,735	4,700
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	8,875	4,715	4,155	205	120	90
Italic (Romance) languages	1,897,630	898,530	999,100	76,665	34,570	42,095
Catalan	2,035	1,145	890	95	40	55
Italian	574,725	278,500	296,225	17,420	8,395	9,030
Portuguese	295,955	144,465	151,485	9,915	4,820	5,100
Romanian	115,050	55,275	59,770	4,210	2,010	2,200
Spanish	995,255	460,250	535,010	49,510	21,430	28,080
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	2,680	1,610	1,075	130	85	50
Japanese	83,090	36,760	46,335	2,800	1,350	1,450
Kartvelian languages	2,150	1,075	1,075	45	25	25
Georgian	2,150	1,080	1,070	50	25	20
Korean	172,755	80,170	92,590	2,795	1,185	1,610
Mongolic languages	2,090	960	1,130	60	30	30
Mongolian	2,090	960	1,130	55	30	25
Niger-Congo languages	177,215	88,135	89,080	16,450	7,595	8,850
Akan (Twi)	22,145	10,810	11,340	700	360	345
Bamanankan	3,190	1,660	1,530	390	175	210
Edo	3,220	1,510	1,705	115	50	65
Ewe	3,000	1,685	1,315	375	185	185
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	4,725	2,460	2,260	435	205	225
Ga	2,250	1,140	1,110	185	90	95
Ganda	2,495	1,175	1,320	225	70	155
Igbo	8,850	4,710	4,140	335	185	145
Lingala	17,010	7,865	9,145	2,525	1,105	1,420
Rundi (Kirundi)	8,590	4,075	4,515	2,560	1,125	1,435
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	7,860	3,600	4,260	1,810	770	1,035
Shona	5,425	2,530	2,905	200	75	125
Swahili	38,680	19,565	19,115	4,380	2,045	2,335
Wolof	8,240	4,455	3,785	710	335	370
Yoruba	22,420	11,475	10,940	905	485	420
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	40,760	20,375	20,385	3,925	1,895	2,035
Nilo-Saharan languages	7,015	3,520	3,495	380	165	215
Dinka	2,475	1,280	1,190	190	85	105
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	4,555	2,240	2,315	190	80	110
Sign languages	48,115	18,985	29,130	2,135	870	1,265
American Sign Language	21,930	7,780	14,155	1,040	350	685
Quebec Sign Language	4,665	1,665	3,005	240	85	160
Sign languages, n.i.e.	22,275	9,835	12,440	940	460	480
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,430,440	672,100	758,340	38,820	18,405	20,415
Chinese languages	1,413,110	663,465	749,640	37,925	17,980	19,945
Cantonese	699,125	325,840	373,285	13,125	6,240	6,880
Hakka	12,445	5,555	6,890	265	125	140
Mandarin	814,450	377,635	436,815	26,420	12,260	14,160
Min Dong	1,045	440	600	40	20	25
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	42,840	19,005	23,835	1,120	510	605
Wu (Shanghainese)	16,530	7,490	9,040	435	210	220
Chinese, n.o.s.	41,690	19,995	21,690	1,140	595	545
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	590	250	340	30	15	20
Tibeto-Burman languages	18,270	9,100	9,175	930	440	485
Burmese	4,995	2,490	2,500	315	145	165
Karenic languages	4,895	2,425	2,475	370	185	185
Tibetan	7,050	3,555	3,490	55	30	20
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	2,375	1,160	1,220	365	150	205
Tai-Kadai languages	30,400	13,210	17,195	1,225	515	715
Lao	17,235	8,240	8,990	590	265	325
Thai	15,390	5,875	9,520	730	285	445
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	115	50	65	0	0	0
Turkic languages	60,530	31,585	28,945	2,750	1,390	1,360
Azerbaijani	5,450	2,885	2,565	160	95	70
Turkish	50,775	26,605	24,165	2,335	1,195	1,145
Uyghur	1,385	685	700	40	25	15
Uzbek	2,465	1,230	1,235	120	40	80
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	1,870	905	965	150	70	80
Uralic languages	94,810	44,270	50,545	2,835	1,385	1,450
Estonian	6,070	2,750	3,315	245	120	130
Finnish	17,595	7,540	10,050	520	235	280
Hungarian	71,285	34,005	37,280	2,075	1,030	1,045
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	9,730	5,375	4,355	560	330	230
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 45	34,460,065	16,971,580	17,488,490	1,300,735	635,600	665,130
Canadian citizensCensus data footnote 46	32,034,590	15,799,495	16,235,090	1,225,865	599,815	626,050
Canadian citizens aged under 18	6,652,795	3,412,785	3,240,010	260,450	132,740	127,705
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	25,381,795	12,386,710	12,995,080	965,415	467,070	498,345
Not Canadian citizensCensus data footnote 47	2,425,480	1,172,085	1,253,400	74,865	35,785	39,080
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 48	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485	1,300,735	635,600	665,135
Non-immigrantsCensus data footnote 49	26,412,610	13,124,325	13,288,290	1,027,730	506,010	521,720
ImmigrantsCensus data footnote 50	7,540,830	3,586,495	3,954,330	255,800	120,725	135,075
Before 1981	1,941,510	927,795	1,013,715	60,785	29,340	31,445
1981 to 1990	915,555	439,245	476,310	33,985	16,505	17,480
1991 to 2000	1,486,655	696,720	789,940	57,145	26,170	30,975
2001 to 2010	1,985,035	940,570	1,044,465	66,000	30,565	35,435
2001 to 2005	928,935	439,890	489,050	30,955	14,270	16,680
2006 to 2010	1,056,095	500,680	555,415	35,045	16,290	18,750
2011 to 2016Census data footnote 51	1,212,075	582,175	629,895	37,890	18,150	19,740
Non-permanent residentsCensus data footnote 52	506,625	260,755	245,870	17,200	8,865	8,335
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 53	7,540,830	3,586,500	3,954,335	255,800	120,730	135,075
Under 5 years	731,340	364,165	367,175	28,605	14,045	14,555
5 to 14 years	1,311,810	665,870	645,945	45,360	23,135	22,225
15 to 24 years	1,604,430	724,430	880,005	53,075	24,075	29,000
25 to 44 years	3,198,920	1,513,970	1,684,950	107,900	50,140	57,760
45 years and over	694,320	318,060	376,260	20,865	9,330	11,535
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 54	7,540,830	3,586,495	3,954,330	255,800	120,725	135,075
Americas	1,128,745	510,650	618,100	41,155	18,270	22,885
Brazil	29,320	13,235	16,080	1,290	600	695
Colombia	70,035	32,065	37,965	2,745	1,125	1,620
El Salvador	48,080	23,865	24,215	2,165	1,030	1,135
Guyana	87,685	38,940	48,745	1,420	665	755
Haiti	93,480	40,955	52,525	8,515	3,650	4,865
Jamaica	138,345	59,960	78,390	3,175	1,385	1,790
Mexico	80,585	37,530	43,055	1,825	725	1,100
Peru	29,615	12,950	16,665	1,165	550	615
Trinidad and Tobago	65,040	29,325	35,710	1,360	525	830
United StatesCensus data footnote 55	253,715	113,505	140,215	9,530	4,375	5,160
Other places of birth in Americas	232,850	108,325	124,530	7,960	3,645	4,315
Europe	2,088,410	1,015,145	1,073,260	66,815	32,050	34,760
Bosnia and Herzegovina	36,135	18,050	18,085	2,345	1,150	1,195
Croatia	40,045	20,005	20,035	1,020	500	520
France	105,565	55,395	50,170	4,470	2,105	2,370
Germany	145,845	69,525	76,320	4,560	1,965	2,595
Greece	62,715	31,580	31,135	990	530	460
Hungary	36,820	17,945	18,875	885	465	430
IrelandCensus data footnote 56	28,325	14,355	13,970	920	435	475
Italy	236,640	118,595	118,040	5,675	2,960	2,715
Netherlands	88,475	45,185	43,295	2,280	1,165	1,115
Poland	146,465	66,450	80,020	4,530	2,025	2,500
Portugal	139,450	68,150	71,300	3,435	1,675	1,760
Romania	90,305	42,795	47,510	3,370	1,610	1,760
Russian Federation	78,685	34,265	44,420	3,195	1,335	1,850
SerbiaCensus data footnote 57	33,320	16,325	17,000	1,070	520	550
Ukraine	73,030	33,360	39,665	2,005	940	1,065
United KingdomCensus data footnote 58	499,115	243,225	255,890	17,230	8,660	8,565
Other places of birth in Europe	247,470	119,945	127,530	8,840	4,010	4,825
Africa	637,485	322,510	314,970	41,490	19,790	21,700
Algeria	64,620	33,920	30,705	2,245	1,150	1,090
Egypt	64,615	34,125	30,495	3,745	1,990	1,755
Ethiopia	32,790	15,980	16,810	2,320	1,085	1,245
Kenya	27,150	12,810	14,340	1,160	580	580
Morocco	69,655	36,120	33,535	2,775	1,370	1,405
Nigeria	42,430	21,830	20,600	1,385	655	735
Somalia	27,230	12,070	15,160	3,985	1,530	2,455
South Africa, Republic of	44,660	22,205	22,460	965	515	450
Other places of birth in Africa	264,320	133,450	130,870	22,900	10,925	11,980
Asia	3,629,160	1,709,985	1,919,175	105,415	50,115	55,300
Afghanistan	51,955	26,030	25,930	2,510	1,265	1,240
Bangladesh	58,735	29,875	28,865	2,700	1,405	1,300
ChinaCensus data footnote 59	649,260	290,800	358,460	18,900	8,150	10,755
Hong KongCensus data footnote 60	208,940	98,020	110,915	3,095	1,545	1,550
India	668,565	334,030	334,540	10,685	5,350	5,330
IranCensus data footnote 61	154,425	77,970	76,455	4,900	2,465	2,430
Iraq	68,485	34,785	33,705	3,870	2,070	1,800
Japan	27,240	7,955	19,285	775	190	585
Korea, SouthCensus data footnote 62	123,305	57,170	66,140	1,855	805	1,050
Lebanon	88,745	47,295	41,450	13,560	7,115	6,440
Pakistan	202,260	103,225	99,035	3,980	1,980	1,995
Philippines	588,305	247,095	341,210	9,305	3,465	5,835
Sri Lanka	131,995	64,825	67,170	2,400	1,145	1,245
SyriaCensus data footnote 63	52,960	26,595	26,365	3,615	1,840	1,775
Taiwan	63,770	28,170	35,605	880	370	515
Viet Nam	169,250	78,000	91,250	5,980	2,745	3,235
Other places of birth in Asia	320,965	158,150	162,815	16,410	8,195	8,215
Oceania and other places of birthCensus data footnote 64	57,030	28,210	28,825	930	495	430
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 54	1,212,075	582,180	629,895	37,890	18,150	19,740
Americas	152,595	72,870	79,720	5,595	2,615	2,975
Brazil	8,500	4,000	4,490	200	115	80
Colombia	15,300	6,885	8,415	515	235	280
Cuba	5,370	2,545	2,820	220	105	115
Haiti	19,985	9,160	10,830	1,780	795	990
Jamaica	12,495	6,680	5,820	145	85	60
Mexico	18,660	9,090	9,575	320	125	195
United StatesCensus data footnote 55	33,060	16,480	16,580	1,360	715	645
VenezuelaCensus data footnote 65	6,425	2,990	3,435	170	60	110
Other places of birth in Americas	32,790	15,040	17,750	885	385	495
Europe	140,030	70,995	69,035	3,695	1,780	1,920
France	24,150	13,000	11,150	655	335	315
Germany	6,300	3,255	3,045	175	75	100
IrelandCensus data footnote 56	5,660	3,540	2,120	95	65	30
MoldovaCensus data footnote 66	5,900	2,735	3,165	75	35	45
Romania	7,610	3,330	4,280	240	110	130
Russian Federation	11,565	4,485	7,080	420	160	260
Ukraine	13,425	6,015	7,410	275	135	140
United KingdomCensus data footnote 58	24,445	14,235	10,215	665	340	320
Other places of birth in Europe	40,970	20,405	20,570	1,095	530	570
Africa	162,800	81,545	81,245	9,800	4,635	5,170
Algeria	17,175	8,440	8,735	390	170	220
Cameroon	10,265	5,005	5,255	755	410	350
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	7,400	3,570	3,835	1,085	470	615
Côte d'Ivoire	6,240	3,030	3,210	425	180	240
Egypt	16,115	8,445	7,665	850	460	385
Eritrea	6,050	3,195	2,855	245	115	130
Ethiopia	7,510	3,625	3,890	335	125	215
Morocco	15,105	7,470	7,635	485	230	250
Nigeria	17,285	8,850	8,435	440	200	235
Somalia	5,335	2,600	2,730	370	155	215
South Africa, Republic of	5,765	2,935	2,830	110	55	55
Tunisia	6,700	3,475	3,230	215	105	105
Other places of birth in Africa	41,855	20,905	20,950	4,095	1,955	2,135
Asia	748,700	352,095	396,610	18,645	9,035	9,610
Afghanistan	9,240	4,530	4,710	550	280	270
Bangladesh	12,900	6,445	6,460	540	270	270
ChinaCensus data footnote 59	129,020	57,745	71,270	2,855	1,220	1,635
Hong KongCensus data footnote 60	4,975	2,090	2,880	85	45	35
India	147,190	75,145	72,045	1,950	1,070	875
IranCensus data footnote 61	42,070	20,580	21,490	880	415	465
Iraq	20,665	10,345	10,320	1,155	600	555
Israel	4,740	2,615	2,130	205	110	90
Japan	4,905	1,250	3,655	115	25	85
Korea, SouthCensus data footnote 62	21,710	9,630	12,075	255	90	165
Lebanon	9,375	4,980	4,400	1,115	585	530
Nepal	7,505	3,780	3,715	290	160	125
Pakistan	41,480	20,530	20,945	695	380	310
Philippines	188,810	83,050	105,760	2,740	1,105	1,640
Saudi Arabia	5,465	2,820	2,640	375	220	155
Sri Lanka	11,495	5,190	6,305	220	95	130
SyriaCensus data footnote 63	29,945	15,245	14,700	2,130	1,145	990
Taiwan	4,310	1,685	2,625	50	25	30
Turkey	4,255	2,365	1,890	195	100	95
United Arab Emirates	6,135	3,220	2,910	355	220	135
Viet Nam	11,210	4,500	6,705	210	80	130
Other places of birth in Asia	31,320	14,345	16,970	1,685	795	890
Oceania and otherCensus data footnote 64	7,955	4,670	3,280	150	80	70
Australia	4,965	2,950	2,010	135	85	55
Other places of birthCensus data footnote 67	2,990	1,720	1,270	20	0	15
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 68	34,460,060	16,971,575	17,488,485	1,300,730	635,600	665,130
First generationCensus data footnote 69	8,219,555	3,936,045	4,283,505	284,330	135,415	148,915
Second generationCensus data footnote 70	6,100,725	3,053,075	3,047,650	225,575	113,220	112,355
Third generation or moreCensus data footnote 71	20,139,790	9,982,460	10,157,330	790,830	386,960	403,865
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 72	5,703,615	2,709,530	2,994,085	198,425	93,110	105,315
Economic immigrantsCensus data footnote 73	2,994,130	1,496,240	1,497,885	91,590	46,095	45,500
Principal applicantsCensus data footnote 74	1,220,755	755,370	465,380	38,645	23,835	14,810
Secondary applicantsCensus data footnote 75	1,773,380	740,870	1,032,510	52,945	22,260	30,685
Immigrants sponsored by familyCensus data footnote 76	1,782,490	728,085	1,054,400	56,905	22,645	34,260
RefugeesCensus data footnote 77	858,845	453,675	405,175	47,655	23,400	24,250
Other immigrantsCensus data footnote 78	68,145	31,530	36,615	2,280	960	1,315
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 79	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485	1,300,730	635,600	665,130
Aboriginal identityCensus data footnote 80	1,673,785	813,520	860,265	38,120	18,150	19,965
Single Aboriginal responsesCensus data footnote 81	1,629,805	792,970	836,835	36,225	17,310	18,915
First Nations (North American Indian)Census data footnote 82	977,235	471,510	505,725	17,790	8,400	9,385
Métis	587,545	289,435	298,115	17,155	8,325	8,825
Inuk (Inuit)	65,030	32,030	32,995	1,280	580	700
Multiple Aboriginal responsesCensus data footnote 83	21,310	10,165	11,145	765	335	440
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhereCensus data footnote 84	22,670	10,385	12,290	1,125	505	615
Non-Aboriginal identity	32,786,280	16,158,060	16,628,225	1,262,615	617,450	645,165
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 85	34,460,065	16,971,580	17,488,490	1,300,735	635,600	665,130
Registered or Treaty IndianCensus data footnote 86	820,120	395,670	424,445	9,395	4,360	5,040
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	33,639,945	16,575,905	17,064,040	1,291,335	631,240	660,095
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 87	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,490	1,300,735	635,600	665,135
Aboriginal ancestry (only)Census data footnote 88	727,790	356,970	370,815	10,670	4,970	5,700
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)Census data footnote 89	709,235	347,985	361,245	10,400	4,855	5,540
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestryCensus data footnote 82	573,215	280,040	293,180	7,515	3,515	3,995
Métis single ancestry	91,255	45,740	45,515	2,295	1,080	1,215
Inuit single ancestry	44,765	22,210	22,555	595	260	330
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)Census data footnote 90	18,555	8,985	9,565	275	110	160
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	15,140	7,305	7,835	250	110	145
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	2,470	1,205	1,265	10	0	10
Métis and Inuit ancestries	770	390	380	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	170	85	85	10	10	10
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestriesCensus data footnote 91	1,402,735	669,710	733,025	63,450	29,520	33,925
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestriesCensus data footnote 92	1,347,610	644,210	703,400	61,885	28,870	33,010
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	881,455	418,215	463,235	44,780	20,705	24,075
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	441,000	213,940	227,065	16,020	7,670	8,345
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	25,155	12,045	13,105	1,080	490	595
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestriesCensus data footnote 93	55,125	25,505	29,625	1,565	650	915
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	49,325	22,740	26,585	1,415	585	825
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	3,470	1,655	1,815	105	50	55
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,005	940	1,065	45	10	35
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	325	170	160	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)Census data footnote 94	32,329,545	15,944,900	16,384,645	1,226,610	601,110	625,505
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 95	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485	1,300,730	635,600	665,130
Total visible minority populationCensus data footnote 96	7,674,580	3,725,090	3,949,495	280,985	135,945	145,040
South AsianCensus data footnote 97	1,924,635	977,690	946,945	39,980	20,320	19,655
Chinese	1,577,060	746,400	830,665	43,775	20,665	23,105
Black	1,198,540	580,070	618,475	77,995	37,060	40,935
Filipino	780,125	341,800	438,330	12,715	5,085	7,630
Latin American	447,325	215,460	231,860	15,630	7,180	8,460
Arab	523,235	276,425	246,810	49,520	25,960	23,565
Southeast AsianCensus data footnote 98	313,260	148,880	164,385	13,725	6,495	7,230
West AsianCensus data footnote 99	264,305	133,475	130,825	9,925	5,075	4,855
Korean	188,710	89,110	99,600	3,260	1,470	1,800
Japanese	92,920	40,105	52,815	2,625	1,085	1,540
Visible minority, n.i.e.Census data footnote 100	132,090	62,540	69,550	3,095	1,400	1,690
Multiple visible minoritiesCensus data footnote 101	232,375	113,140	119,230	8,720	4,140	4,580
Not a visible minorityCensus data footnote 102	26,785,480	13,246,485	13,539,000	1,019,750	499,655	520,090
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 103	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485	1,300,735	635,605	665,135
North American Aboriginal origins	2,130,520	1,026,675	1,103,840	74,120	34,495	39,630
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,525,570	731,410	794,155	54,090	24,980	29,110
Inuit	79,130	38,695	40,435	1,850	820	1,030
Métis	599,995	291,310	308,690	20,035	9,465	10,565
Other North American origins	11,628,535	5,745,695	5,882,835	501,820	245,715	256,100
Acadian	119,675	57,805	61,865	5,515	2,735	2,780
American	377,405	182,690	194,715	14,165	6,970	7,200
Canadian	11,135,965	5,501,595	5,634,370	484,255	236,715	247,540
New Brunswicker	1,490	800	685	80	50	30
Newfoundlander	22,215	11,420	10,800	780	485	295
Nova Scotian	3,700	1,770	1,930	120	70	45
Ontarian	3,925	1,980	1,945	650	300	350
Québécois	194,560	99,320	95,235	6,590	3,420	3,170
Other North American origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 104	1,895	950	945	30	20	15
European origins	19,683,320	9,687,715	9,995,605	772,545	377,715	394,830
British Isles origins	11,211,850	5,474,735	5,737,115	468,015	228,955	239,060
Channel Islander	3,595	1,740	1,855	115	35	75
Cornish	1,975	995	975	85	50	35
English	6,320,085	3,069,515	3,250,570	224,680	111,250	113,430
Irish	4,627,000	2,195,620	2,431,385	244,575	116,050	128,530
Manx	6,125	3,090	3,040	185	110	80
Scottish	4,799,005	2,323,390	2,475,620	197,645	96,760	100,885
Welsh	474,805	226,600	248,210	18,780	9,045	9,735
British Isles origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 105	644,695	307,090	337,610	37,045	17,455	19,590
French origins	4,680,820	2,283,480	2,397,340	300,550	145,090	155,470
Alsatian	2,800	1,300	1,495	100	40	60
Breton	11,845	5,765	6,080	485	260	225
Corsican	1,750	950	805	95	70	25
French	4,670,595	2,278,430	2,392,165	300,290	144,935	155,350
Western European origins (except French origins)	4,600,855	2,258,095	2,342,760	136,795	66,595	70,200
Austrian	207,050	100,775	106,275	6,485	3,190	3,295
Bavarian	940	485	455	70	20	50
Belgian	186,665	91,395	95,270	6,555	3,035	3,515
Dutch	1,111,655	546,565	565,090	33,515	16,725	16,795
Flemish	11,685	5,730	5,960	545	285	260
Frisian	4,590	2,395	2,195	75	50	25
German	3,322,405	1,626,785	1,695,615	94,385	45,625	48,760
Luxembourger	3,915	2,025	1,890	170	95	75
Swiss	155,120	76,935	78,185	5,640	2,745	2,895
Western European origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 106	3,365	1,645	1,720	150	70	75
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	1,201,320	579,005	622,315	26,295	13,160	13,140
Danish	207,470	100,660	106,810	5,950	3,105	2,845
Finnish	143,645	69,045	74,600	4,265	2,110	2,155
Icelandic	101,795	49,875	51,915	1,600	755	845
Norwegian	463,275	223,075	240,200	7,180	3,545	3,630
Swedish	349,645	163,545	186,095	7,640	3,665	3,975
Northern European origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 107	52,780	26,965	25,820	1,660	960	705
Eastern European origins	3,431,245	1,666,740	1,764,505	98,045	47,125	50,915
Bulgarian	34,565	16,935	17,625	1,795	840	955
Byelorussian	20,710	10,190	10,515	985	475	515
Czech	104,580	51,555	53,030	3,930	1,770	2,160
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.Census data footnote 108	40,715	19,235	21,480	810	345	465
Estonian	24,530	11,715	12,815	985	440	545
Hungarian	348,085	170,040	178,045	9,650	4,695	4,950
Latvian	30,725	14,920	15,805	1,180	505	680
Lithuanian	59,285	28,745	30,535	2,600	1,305	1,295
Moldovan	14,915	7,265	7,650	520	235	285
Polish	1,106,585	533,830	572,750	36,975	17,690	19,285
Romanian	238,050	114,705	123,345	7,895	3,830	4,070
Russian	622,445	297,600	324,850	17,230	8,030	9,205
Slovak	72,285	35,360	36,925	2,810	1,310	1,500
Ukrainian	1,359,655	663,560	696,095	28,150	13,675	14,475
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 109	20,415	9,895	10,520	1,055	570	490
Southern European origins	3,012,375	1,494,605	1,517,775	100,355	48,975	51,380
Albanian	36,185	18,385	17,800	1,190	580	605
Bosnian	26,740	13,320	13,420	1,665	785	875
Catalan	1,280	740	535	20	10	10
Croatian	133,970	67,825	66,140	4,130	2,010	2,125
Cypriot	5,650	2,850	2,795	165	65	100
Greek	271,410	137,405	134,005	8,005	4,025	3,980
Italian	1,587,965	794,525	793,445	53,825	26,685	27,140
Kosovar	2,865	1,470	1,395	60	25	30
Macedonian	43,110	21,650	21,460	625	240	385
Maltese	41,920	20,955	20,965	705	340	370
Montenegrin	4,160	2,180	1,985	195	105	90
Portuguese	482,605	239,360	243,250	14,625	7,105	7,525
Serbian	96,530	49,095	47,440	3,635	1,850	1,785
Sicilian	6,940	3,500	3,435	310	140	170
Slovenian	40,470	20,105	20,365	1,350	645	710
Spanish	396,460	184,520	211,945	15,605	7,115	8,485
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.Census data footnote 110	38,480	18,620	19,860	1,190	585	610
Southern European origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 111	2,170	1,030	1,135	85	35	50
Other European origins	226,695	115,110	111,580	9,230	4,780	4,450
Basque	6,965	3,690	3,275	395	210	185
Jewish	143,660	72,625	71,035	6,220	3,240	2,980
Roma (Gypsy)	4,630	2,195	2,440	95	40	55
Slavic, n.o.s.Census data footnote 112	4,870	2,560	2,310	250	125	125
Other European origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 113	67,890	34,730	33,160	2,340	1,195	1,140
Caribbean origins	749,155	349,810	399,345	31,680	14,600	17,075
Antiguan	4,500	2,115	2,385	275	155	120
Bahamian	3,675	1,915	1,760	175	115	65
Barbadian	37,780	17,745	20,035	1,390	600	795
Bermudan	3,075	1,435	1,640	105	55	50
Carib	3,030	1,175	1,860	135	50	90
Cuban	29,065	13,800	15,270	1,560	765	795
Dominican	23,130	11,000	12,125	960	435	530
Grenadian	17,915	7,835	10,080	320	165	155
Guadeloupean	1,125	515	605	20	0	15
Haitian	165,095	76,460	88,635	13,790	6,305	7,480
Jamaican	309,485	145,080	164,410	8,640	4,035	4,610
Kittitian/Nevisian	2,915	1,460	1,460	65	40	25
Martinican	2,010	900	1,110	50	20	30
Montserratan	930	460	470	45	25	20
Puerto Rican	3,405	1,645	1,765	140	65	75
St. Lucian	8,985	4,095	4,890	815	330	480
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	78,965	37,325	41,635	2,245	1,015	1,225
Vincentian/Grenadinian	17,420	7,475	9,945	255	90	160
West Indian, n.o.s.Census data footnote 114	70,270	31,625	38,645	1,730	755	975
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 115	26,830	12,520	14,310	1,190	560	630
Latin, Central and South American origins	674,640	325,210	349,430	24,005	11,285	12,720
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	22,725	10,875	11,850	1,130	535	600
Arawak	1,440	610	830	75	35	40
Argentinian	20,680	10,130	10,545	800	435	365
Belizean	1,755	915	845	95	45	55
Bolivian	5,055	2,480	2,580	220	105	115
Brazilian	36,830	17,380	19,455	1,445	735	710
Chilean	45,190	22,280	22,910	1,395	695	695
Colombian	96,325	45,590	50,735	3,755	1,735	2,020
Costa Rican	5,535	2,680	2,855	205	85	115
Ecuadorian	25,405	11,995	13,415	280	160	120
Guatemalan	26,275	13,360	12,915	580	205	375
Guyanese	84,275	39,530	44,745	2,090	1,005	1,085
Hispanic	11,055	5,380	5,670	420	225	195
Honduran	10,650	5,235	5,415	350	115	230
Maya	6,285	3,350	2,940	435	225	210
Mexican	128,485	62,890	65,595	4,000	1,825	2,175
Nicaraguan	13,705	6,650	7,055	1,260	640	615
Panamanian	4,700	2,210	2,495	130	65	65
Paraguayan	4,325	2,165	2,160	45	15	25
Peruvian	42,145	19,645	22,505	1,760	860	905
Salvadorean	66,220	32,960	33,255	2,700	1,305	1,395
Uruguayan	6,795	3,390	3,410	140	60	85
Venezuelan	26,345	12,220	14,125	1,190	490	700
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 116	28,455	13,930	14,525	1,450	620	825
African origins	1,067,930	539,805	528,120	74,715	36,465	38,255
Central and West African origins	230,110	118,040	112,070	18,910	9,315	9,590
Akan	1,955	1,090	870	130	75	60
Angolan	2,960	1,475	1,480	250	115	130
Ashanti	1,585	855	735	20	15	0
Beninese	4,995	2,670	2,320	615	330	285
Burkinabe	3,150	1,665	1,485	505	240	270
Cameroonian	24,615	12,390	12,230	2,275	1,165	1,110
Chadian	1,845	955	885	225	125	105
Congolese	38,365	18,925	19,440	6,005	2,785	3,215
Edo	1,945	1,095	855	50	20	30
Ewe	845	470	375	70	50	25
Gabonese	1,405	660	750	250	125	125
Gambian	975	495	475	45	35	10
Ghanaian	35,495	17,720	17,770	1,550	830	720
Guinean	7,240	3,785	3,455	625	285	335
Ibo	5,315	2,850	2,470	115	55	60
Ivorian	10,935	5,485	5,450	1,160	530	625
Liberian	2,485	1,130	1,360	95	55	40
Malian	4,490	2,280	2,210	585	265	325
Malinké	1,125	585	535	125	65	65
Nigerian	51,835	27,025	24,805	2,305	1,175	1,135
Peulh	2,435	1,270	1,170	200	95	105
Senegalese	10,175	5,500	4,670	890	390	500
Sierra Leonean	2,620	1,330	1,295	95	45	55
Togolese	5,300	2,870	2,430	805	430	375
Wolof	840	495	345	65	40	25
Yoruba	9,585	5,075	4,515	440	245	195
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 117	15,380	7,940	7,445	1,540	770	770
North African origins	355,045	185,775	169,270	18,520	9,625	8,890
Algerian	67,335	34,755	32,580	2,590	1,290	1,300
Berber	37,060	19,685	17,375	1,825	975	850
Coptic	3,535	1,860	1,680	120	60	60
Dinka	900	500	400	50	20	25
Egyptian	99,140	51,730	47,410	6,555	3,465	3,090
Libyan	7,740	4,135	3,605	1,300	670	630
Maure	1,190	655	535	100	60	45
Moroccan	103,940	54,005	49,945	4,385	2,220	2,165
Sudanese	19,960	10,315	9,645	865	435	430
Tunisian	25,645	13,985	11,665	1,170	660	510
North African origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 118	6,115	3,320	2,795	650	325	330
Southern and East African origins	260,145	128,325	131,815	26,945	12,710	14,235
Afrikaner	1,870	955	915	50	30	25
Amhara	1,530	815	715	95	55	35
Bantu, n.o.s.Census data footnote 119	3,965	2,175	1,785	590	280	315
Burundian	10,990	5,405	5,580	3,180	1,485	1,695
Djiboutian	1,710	790	920	880	370	515
Eritrean	25,255	12,830	12,430	1,390	640	755
Ethiopian	44,065	21,680	22,385	3,025	1,380	1,650
Harari	665	355	305	10	10	0
Kenyan	10,915	5,230	5,685	665	335	325
Malagasy	4,500	2,175	2,325	405	185	220
Mauritian	9,325	4,655	4,665	385	175	210
Oromo	3,350	1,745	1,605	285	145	135
Rwandan	10,775	5,065	5,705	2,445	1,095	1,345
Seychellois	1,285	575	710	30	10	20
Somali	62,550	30,215	32,330	10,700	5,055	5,640
South African	41,375	20,575	20,800	1,285	635	650
Tanzanian	4,710	2,400	2,310	360	155	205
Tigrian	2,155	1,160	995	200	100	100
Ugandan	5,705	2,875	2,830	430	205	220
Zambian	1,860	935	920	150	70	85
Zimbabwean	8,090	3,975	4,110	335	160	175
Zulu	945	475	475	55	45	20
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 120	17,305	8,445	8,860	1,485	755	730
Other African origins	239,560	116,400	123,165	12,325	5,835	6,490
Black, n.o.s.Census data footnote 121	30,385	14,015	16,370	1,450	590	855
Other African origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 122	212,005	103,790	108,215	11,115	5,365	5,755
Asian origins	6,095,235	2,958,120	3,137,115	197,900	96,975	100,925
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	1,011,145	518,170	492,980	74,700	38,535	36,165
Afghan	83,995	42,320	41,675	4,115	2,090	2,030
Arab, n.o.s.Census data footnote 123	111,400	58,930	52,475	8,620	4,475	4,145
Armenian	63,810	31,505	32,305	1,735	880	860
Assyrian	13,835	7,115	6,720	135	60	80
Azerbaijani	6,425	3,230	3,200	245	100	145
Georgian	4,775	2,430	2,345	190	115	75
Hazara	1,515	810	705	65	40	25
Iranian	210,405	106,565	103,840	7,620	3,830	3,790
Iraqi	70,925	35,965	34,955	5,070	2,705	2,360
Israeli	28,735	15,065	13,675	765	410	355
Jordanian	14,250	7,520	6,735	1,660	870	785
Kazakh	3,330	1,615	1,710	165	80	85
Kurd	16,315	8,810	7,515	890	495	395
Kuwaiti	2,235	1,185	1,055	980	500	480
Kyrgyz	1,060	510	550	40	30	10
Lebanese	219,555	112,970	106,590	31,785	16,255	15,525
Palestinian	44,820	23,900	20,920	4,265	2,355	1,915
Pashtun	4,810	2,565	2,245	230	115	110
Saudi Arabian	6,810	3,935	2,880	590	290	300
Syrian	77,045	38,445	38,600	5,230	2,710	2,525
Tajik	2,905	1,410	1,495	125	65	60
Tatar	4,825	2,155	2,670	160	55	110
Turk	63,955	32,855	31,100	3,250	1,745	1,510
Turkmen	1,040	540	500	130	70	60
Uighur	1,555	775	785	75	45	30
Uzbek	3,920	1,920	2,000	205	100	110
Yemeni	6,645	3,335	3,305	1,015	525	495
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 124	25,280	13,180	12,100	2,220	1,140	1,075
South Asian origins	1,963,330	993,595	969,735	42,310	21,385	20,925
Bangladeshi	45,940	23,645	22,300	2,305	1,200	1,110
Bengali	22,900	11,730	11,180	1,055	530	525
Bhutanese	3,600	1,765	1,835	315	165	145
East Indian	1,374,710	694,990	679,720	28,940	14,635	14,310
Goan	6,070	2,915	3,155	125	65	60
Gujarati	8,350	4,305	4,050	180	110	70
Kashmiri	3,115	1,605	1,510	55	20	30
Nepali	17,140	8,715	8,420	910	450	460
Pakistani	215,555	110,420	105,140	4,660	2,330	2,335
Punjabi	118,400	61,155	57,240	1,130	590	545
Sinhalese	7,285	3,605	3,685	290	150	140
Sri Lankan	152,595	75,010	77,585	2,750	1,370	1,380
Tamil	48,670	24,845	23,825	965	480	485
South Asian origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 125	76,400	38,815	37,585	2,235	1,115	1,115
East and Southeast Asian origins	3,163,360	1,467,205	1,696,155	82,815	37,970	44,850
Burmese	9,335	4,535	4,795	630	310	320
Cambodian (Khmer)	38,490	18,515	19,980	2,685	1,265	1,430
Chinese	1,769,195	836,150	933,045	49,925	23,400	26,535
Filipino	837,130	369,105	468,025	14,100	5,720	8,385
Hmong	805	420	390	0	0	0
Indonesian	21,390	9,950	11,440	700	300	395
Japanese	121,485	53,415	68,070	3,370	1,400	1,975
Karen	4,510	2,275	2,240	280	150	130
Korean	198,210	93,680	104,525	3,550	1,610	1,935
Laotian	24,580	12,190	12,390	885	415	470
Malaysian	16,920	7,735	9,185	520	195	325
Mongolian	7,480	3,560	3,915	355	190	160
Singaporean	2,850	1,325	1,520	45	20	25
Taiwanese	36,510	16,570	19,945	785	350	430
Thai	19,010	7,330	11,680	780	280	505
Tibetan	8,040	4,055	3,985	90	40	45
Vietnamese	240,615	115,935	124,680	9,650	4,705	4,940
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 126	6,500	3,150	3,355	285	150	135
Other Asian origins	22,745	11,280	11,460	385	175	205
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 127	22,740	11,280	11,460	380	180	205
Oceania origins	85,470	43,030	42,440	2,215	1,070	1,145
Australian	42,315	21,710	20,605	1,490	680	810
New Zealander	15,395	8,065	7,330	490	275	220
Pacific Islands origins	29,485	14,240	15,250	275	125	150
Fijian	19,375	9,280	10,090	55	20	35
Hawaiian	3,295	1,500	1,795	20	10	15
Maori	2,500	1,310	1,195	25	25	10
Polynesian, n.o.s.Census data footnote 128	1,530	725	805	95	30	65
Samoan	1,100	625	475	40	30	15
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 129	2,335	1,145	1,185	55	35	20
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 130	14,072,075	...	...	535,500	...	...
Owner	9,541,320	...	...	356,700	...	...
Renter	4,474,530	...	...	178,800	...	...
Band housing	56,230	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 131	14,072,075	...	...	535,500	...	...
Condominium	1,874,840	...	...	74,830	...	...
Not condominium	12,197,240	...	...	460,670	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 132	14,072,080	...	...	535,500	...	...
No bedrooms	93,345	...	...	3,105	...	...
1 bedroom	1,925,015	...	...	69,835	...	...
2 bedrooms	3,547,090	...	...	121,810	...	...
3 bedrooms	4,836,485	...	...	206,900	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	3,670,145	...	...	133,845	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 133	14,072,075	...	...	535,500	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	4,068,915	...	...	139,565	...	...
5 rooms	2,177,045	...	...	74,420	...	...
6 rooms	1,981,585	...	...	78,675	...	...
7 rooms	1,790,180	...	...	77,040	...	...
8 or more rooms	4,054,355	...	...	165,800	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 134	14,072,080	...	...	535,500	...	...
One person or fewer per room	13,802,060	...	...	528,580	...	...
More than 1 person per room	270,020	...	...	6,915	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 135	14,072,075	...	...	535,500	...	...
Suitable	13,376,345	...	...	513,430	...	...
Not suitable	695,730	...	...	22,070	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 136	14,072,080	...	...	535,500	...	...
1960 or before	3,126,380	...	...	88,815	...	...
1961 to 1980	4,185,510	...	...	157,720	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,977,640	...	...	89,185	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,746,390	...	...	68,695	...	...
2001 to 2005	976,390	...	...	43,290	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,089,750	...	...	46,525	...	...
2011 to 2016Census data footnote 137	970,015	...	...	41,265	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 138	14,072,080	...	...	535,495	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	13,151,600	...	...	505,590	...	...
Major repairs needed	920,480	...	...	29,910	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 139	14,072,080	...	...	535,500	...	...
1 household maintainer	8,324,865	...	...	303,695	...	...
2 household maintainers	5,404,800	...	...	220,105	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	342,415	...	...	11,695	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 140	14,072,080	...	...	535,500	...	...
15 to 24 years	437,230	...	...	20,815	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,991,685	...	...	80,235	...	...
35 to 44 years	2,414,920	...	...	96,220	...	...
45 to 54 years	2,862,870	...	...	116,535	...	...
55 to 64 years	2,859,315	...	...	104,870	...	...
65 to 74 years	2,034,220	...	...	70,370	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,084,700	...	...	34,840	...	...
85 years and over	387,135	...	...	11,615	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 141	13,798,305	...	...	533,580	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	10,472,355	...	...	413,450	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	3,325,950	...	...	120,130	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,861,615	...	...	102,825	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	9,368,330	...	...	355,260	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgageCensus data footnote 142	60.7	...	...	63.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costsCensus data footnote 141	16.6	...	...	13.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)Census data footnote 143	1,130	...	...	1,335	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)Census data footnote 143	1,313	...	...	1,424	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)Census data footnote 144	341,556	...	...	349,818	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)Census data footnote 144	443,058	...	...	397,495	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,452,850	...	...	178,745	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housingCensus data footnote 145	13.0	...	...	14.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costsCensus data footnote 141	40.0	...	...	40.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)Census data footnote 143	910	...	...	1,018	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)Census data footnote 143	1,002	...	...	1,066	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 146	28,643,015	13,990,435	14,652,580	1,073,820	519,960	553,860
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,239,575	2,667,995	2,571,585	152,445	77,680	74,765
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificateCensus data footnote 147	7,576,400	3,686,630	3,889,770	256,775	125,700	131,075
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,827,040	7,635,805	8,191,230	664,600	316,585	348,015
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,800,260	1,906,610	893,650	69,890	42,260	27,630
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of QualificationCensus data footnote 148	1,549,880	880,365	669,515	43,010	22,325	20,685
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of QualificationCensus data footnote 149	1,250,385	1,026,250	224,140	26,880	19,935	6,950
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	5,553,825	2,326,940	3,226,890	212,850	94,825	118,025
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	813,335	331,940	481,395	23,635	9,565	14,070
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	6,659,615	3,070,315	3,589,300	358,220	169,935	188,285
Bachelor's degree	4,443,835	1,967,905	2,475,935	222,025	100,370	121,655
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	462,295	203,725	258,570	20,895	9,060	11,840
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	190,925	102,530	88,395	7,880	3,900	3,980
Master's degree	1,331,045	651,510	679,535	89,220	44,635	44,585
Earned doctorateCensus data footnote 150	231,510	144,640	86,870	18,200	11,975	6,230
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 146	18,931,380	9,268,555	9,662,830	720,165	348,790	371,375
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,169,790	1,200,110	969,685	58,790	32,800	25,995
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificateCensus data footnote 147	4,494,585	2,247,020	2,247,565	141,945	71,920	70,030
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,267,005	5,821,425	6,445,580	519,430	244,070	275,355
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,042,430	1,377,775	664,650	51,690	30,650	21,035
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of QualificationCensus data footnote 148	1,145,035	639,785	505,250	32,180	16,215	15,960
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of QualificationCensus data footnote 149	897,390	737,990	159,405	19,510	14,435	5,070
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	4,241,985	1,786,065	2,455,920	164,090	74,245	89,845
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	580,885	240,040	340,850	16,285	6,805	9,480
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	5,401,705	2,417,555	2,984,155	287,355	132,370	154,985
Bachelor's degree	3,590,080	1,562,160	2,027,925	176,800	78,870	97,930
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	362,455	151,205	211,250	16,215	6,530	9,680
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	153,290	74,440	78,855	6,350	2,840	3,505
Master's degree	1,120,190	527,335	592,850	74,535	35,970	38,565
Earned doctorateCensus data footnote 150	175,685	102,415	73,275	13,460	8,160	5,310
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 151	28,643,015	13,990,430	14,652,585	1,073,820	519,960	553,860
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeCensus data footnote 152	12,815,980	6,354,625	6,461,350	409,225	203,375	205,845
Education	1,060,095	251,290	808,800	39,200	9,095	30,110
13. Education	1,060,095	251,290	808,805	39,200	9,095	30,110
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	596,230	268,050	328,180	22,800	10,100	12,700
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	99,020	72,865	26,150	4,695	3,340	1,350
50. Visual and performing arts	497,210	195,185	302,025	18,110	6,760	11,345
Humanities	850,840	330,490	520,345	44,075	16,945	27,130
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	98,000	22,100	75,900	7,500	1,660	5,850
23. English language and literature/letters	178,590	52,785	125,810	9,725	2,950	6,780
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	275,525	104,135	171,390	9,980	3,770	6,205
30A Interdisciplinary humanitiesCensus data footnote 153	4,160	1,640	2,520	415	135	280
38. Philosophy and religious studies	51,930	30,185	21,750	2,955	1,730	1,225
39. Theology and religious vocations	77,490	46,285	31,200	2,305	1,400	905
54. History	111,465	59,965	51,500	7,775	4,480	3,300
55. French language and literature/letters	53,680	13,400	40,290	3,410	830	2,580
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,761,900	586,455	1,175,445	111,790	42,535	69,255
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	24,685	5,660	19,025	1,685	445	1,240
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	182,275	68,030	114,245	12,130	4,335	7,795
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	324,660	26,065	298,595	12,210	1,030	11,185
22. Legal professions and studies	289,600	102,660	186,945	17,565	6,585	10,980
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciencesCensus data footnote 154	35,445	8,150	27,295	2,355	615	1,735
42. Psychology	281,470	71,230	210,230	16,665	4,165	12,500
45. Social sciences	623,775	304,660	319,110	49,170	25,355	23,820
Business, management and public administration	3,360,045	1,272,475	2,087,565	136,845	55,860	80,985
30.16 Accounting and computer science	6,190	1,850	4,340	220	105	115
44. Public administration and social service professions	237,835	48,815	189,015	13,560	3,960	9,605
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,116,025	1,221,805	1,894,215	123,065	51,795	71,265
Physical and life sciences and technologies	614,280	315,665	298,615	32,150	16,580	15,570
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	249,955	105,560	144,400	15,235	6,285	8,950
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	125,600	61,685	63,915	4,825	2,500	2,325
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciencesCensus data footnote 155	28,155	12,625	15,530	940	410	535
40. Physical sciences	179,305	122,815	56,485	10,045	6,930	3,115
41. Science technologies/technicians	31,270	12,980	18,290	1,095	455	645
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	651,480	420,370	231,110	44,125	28,720	15,400
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	514,685	356,435	158,250	33,705	23,910	9,785
25. Library science	40,820	6,495	34,320	3,550	725	2,825
27. Mathematics and statistics	86,655	50,930	35,725	5,740	3,340	2,400
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciencesCensus data footnote 156	9,325	6,510	2,815	1,130	745	380
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	3,327,405	3,022,700	304,700	108,935	95,975	12,960
04. Architecture and related services	114,315	72,880	41,435	5,725	3,690	2,035
14. Engineering	752,465	615,880	136,585	40,470	33,015	7,450
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	620,065	551,855	68,205	23,020	20,755	2,270
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	410	85	325	40	0	30
46. Construction trades	702,155	682,710	19,445	17,255	16,860	395
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	731,135	709,430	21,705	15,890	15,420	470
48. Precision production	406,855	389,850	17,005	6,545	6,225	320
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	339,050	219,040	120,010	10,215	5,820	4,400
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	205,930	127,925	78,005	5,600	3,215	2,380
03. Natural resources and conservation	133,120	91,115	42,005	4,620	2,605	2,015
Health and related fields	2,266,720	441,180	1,825,545	80,465	17,010	63,455
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	164,295	81,260	83,040	7,595	3,685	3,905
51. Health professions and related programs	2,047,680	329,010	1,718,670	70,415	12,010	58,400
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	54,740	30,910	23,830	2,455	1,305	1,155
Personal, protective and transportation services	995,825	507,200	488,630	33,900	17,910	15,990
12. Personal and culinary services	565,555	151,530	414,025	18,305	5,375	12,930
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	3,505	3,080	420	860	715	150
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	7,900	7,230	670	610	555	55
43. Security and protective services	206,745	150,540	56,205	10,185	7,640	2,545
49. Transportation and materials moving	212,125	194,810	17,315	3,935	3,620	310
Other	3,170	885	2,280	100	35	65
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	3,170	890	2,280	100	35	65
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 151	18,931,385	9,268,555	9,662,825	720,165	348,790	371,375
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeCensus data footnote 152	6,664,380	3,447,130	3,217,250	200,740	104,720	96,020
Education	727,515	160,315	567,205	27,415	6,040	21,375
13. Education	727,515	160,315	567,200	27,410	6,040	21,370
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	467,905	208,365	259,545	17,635	7,765	9,870
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	74,530	53,995	20,535	3,560	2,430	1,130
50. Visual and performing arts	393,375	154,370	239,005	14,075	5,340	8,740
Humanities	614,815	232,425	382,390	31,020	11,780	19,245
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	76,540	16,200	60,340	5,960	1,265	4,695
23. English language and literature/letters	133,800	38,310	95,485	6,980	2,125	4,850
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	191,005	71,770	119,235	6,265	2,410	3,850
30A Interdisciplinary humanitiesCensus data footnote 153	3,140	1,250	1,895	320	100	225
38. Philosophy and religious studies	37,870	21,930	15,940	2,085	1,230	855
39. Theology and religious vocations	52,295	31,200	21,090	1,515	950	565
54. History	82,565	43,475	39,085	5,695	3,245	2,450
55. French language and literature/letters	37,600	8,285	29,315	2,195	450	1,745
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,417,625	453,100	964,525	89,800	33,005	56,800
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20,300	4,595	15,705	1,400	360	1,045
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	152,080	56,125	95,955	9,780	3,465	6,310
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	259,845	19,160	240,685	9,825	820	9,000
22. Legal professions and studies	241,170	76,720	164,445	14,730	5,050	9,680
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciencesCensus data footnote 154	27,310	6,390	20,920	1,875	505	1,370
42. Psychology	218,470	51,570	166,900	12,925	3,055	9,865
45. Social sciences	498,450	238,540	259,915	39,260	19,740	19,525
Business, management and public administration	2,696,770	1,000,895	1,695,875	110,570	44,005	66,560
30.16 Accounting and computer science	4,955	1,480	3,475	190	85	105
44. Public administration and social service professions	192,190	36,890	155,305	11,000	3,120	7,875
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,499,625	962,530	1,537,095	99,380	40,800	58,580
Physical and life sciences and technologies	449,870	222,120	227,755	23,275	11,255	12,020
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	195,830	79,945	115,880	11,800	4,635	7,160
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	89,205	42,265	46,945	3,255	1,635	1,620
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciencesCensus data footnote 155	9,280	3,850	5,430	345	120	225
40. Physical sciences	132,935	87,025	45,905	7,115	4,565	2,550
41. Science technologies/technicians	22,625	9,035	13,590	760	295	465
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	567,415	368,840	198,575	38,635	25,320	13,310
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	464,000	321,805	142,190	30,710	21,735	8,980
25. Library science	29,955	4,870	25,080	2,585	535	2,055
27. Mathematics and statistics	65,620	36,895	28,725	4,330	2,420	1,910
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciencesCensus data footnote 156	7,840	5,270	2,575	1,015	635	370
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	2,532,555	2,271,735	260,820	84,450	73,415	11,035
04. Architecture and related services	93,135	57,280	35,850	4,630	2,865	1,760
14. Engineering	612,265	490,980	121,285	32,495	25,965	6,530
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	475,045	418,595	56,450	17,730	15,960	1,775
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	350	70	275	30	0	25
46. Construction trades	515,630	499,670	15,960	12,855	12,535	320
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	540,800	523,425	17,375	11,925	11,540	380
48. Precision production	295,335	281,715	13,620	4,790	4,545	240
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	269,445	167,680	101,770	8,105	4,420	3,685
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	159,975	94,680	65,295	4,170	2,230	1,940
03. Natural resources and conservation	109,470	73,000	36,470	3,930	2,185	1,745
Health and related fields	1,749,545	342,395	1,407,145	62,125	13,400	48,715
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	129,560	63,315	66,245	6,065	2,895	3,170
51. Health professions and related programs	1,576,945	256,895	1,320,050	54,110	9,580	44,530
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	43,040	22,185	20,860	1,950	930	1,015
Personal, protective and transportation services	770,950	392,820	378,135	26,310	13,630	12,675
12. Personal and culinary services	431,415	114,395	317,025	14,200	4,115	10,085
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	2,725	2,355	375	720	585	140
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	4,425	3,975	445	370	330	45
43. Security and protective services	162,995	116,750	46,240	7,985	5,830	2,160
49. Transportation and materials moving	169,400	155,340	14,050	3,030	2,775	255
Other	2,590	745	1,845	95	40	60
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	2,585	740	1,845	100	35	60
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 157	28,643,015	13,990,435	14,652,585	1,073,820	519,960	553,860
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,815,975	6,354,625	6,461,350	409,225	203,375	205,840
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeCensus data footnote 158	15,827,040	7,635,805	8,191,235	664,595	316,585	348,015
Location of study inside Canada	13,117,190	6,299,305	6,817,890	573,905	272,765	301,140
Same as province or territory of residence	11,519,215	5,503,640	6,015,575	445,950	210,800	235,150
Different than province or territory of residence	1,597,975	795,655	802,315	127,950	61,960	65,990
Location of study outside CanadaCensus data footnote 159	2,709,850	1,336,505	1,373,345	90,695	43,820	46,875
United StatesCensus data footnote 160	349,540	189,995	159,545	13,150	7,345	5,810
Philippines	298,830	109,820	189,020	4,620	1,400	3,225
India	281,415	142,410	138,995	5,610	2,700	2,910
United KingdomCensus data footnote 161	232,035	131,050	100,980	10,405	5,850	4,550
ChinaCensus data footnote 162	205,375	94,690	110,685	6,730	3,055	3,675
France	88,860	50,400	38,455	3,775	2,005	1,765
Other	1,253,790	618,135	635,655	46,405	21,465	24,935
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 157	18,931,380	9,268,555	9,662,830	720,170	348,790	371,375
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,664,380	3,447,125	3,217,250	200,740	104,720	96,020
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeCensus data footnote 158	12,267,005	5,821,430	6,445,575	519,425	244,070	275,355
Location of study inside Canada	10,134,590	4,807,045	5,327,545	450,640	212,195	238,440
Same as province or territory of residence	8,918,160	4,207,495	4,710,665	351,215	164,240	186,970
Different than province or territory of residence	1,216,425	599,545	616,875	99,425	47,955	51,475
Location of study outside CanadaCensus data footnote 159	2,132,415	1,014,385	1,118,030	68,785	31,875	36,915
United StatesCensus data footnote 160	254,245	131,955	122,290	9,485	5,020	4,460
Philippines	263,095	96,025	167,065	4,005	1,190	2,815
India	239,535	117,445	122,090	4,005	1,870	2,135
United KingdomCensus data footnote 161	133,655	73,575	60,085	6,065	3,305	2,755
ChinaCensus data footnote 162	175,825	79,635	96,190	5,035	2,210	2,825
France	72,920	40,610	32,310	3,040	1,610	1,435
Other	993,135	475,145	517,990	37,160	16,675	20,490
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 163	28,643,020	13,990,430	14,652,585	1,073,820	519,960	553,860
In the labour force	18,672,475	9,731,830	8,940,645	727,050	370,620	356,425
Employed	17,230,040	8,923,540	8,306,490	676,480	343,175	333,300
Unemployed	1,442,435	808,285	634,150	50,570	27,445	23,125
Not in the labour force	9,970,545	4,258,605	5,711,945	346,770	149,340	197,430
Participation rate	65.2	69.6	61.0	67.7	71.3	64.4
Employment rate	60.2	63.8	56.7	63.0	66.0	60.2
Unemployment rate	7.7	8.3	7.1	7.0	7.4	6.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 164	28,643,020	13,990,430	14,652,580	1,073,820	519,960	553,860
Did not workCensus data footnote 165	9,282,005	3,930,570	5,351,440	329,075	141,720	187,355
Worked	19,361,010	10,059,865	9,301,150	744,745	378,240	366,505
Worked full year, full timeCensus data footnote 166	9,626,010	5,402,110	4,223,895	402,695	217,110	185,585
Worked part year and/or part timeCensus data footnote 167	9,735,005	4,657,755	5,077,245	342,045	161,130	180,920
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.4	42.9	42.0	43.3	43.7	42.9
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 168	18,672,470	9,731,825	8,940,640	727,050	370,620	356,425
Class of worker - not applicableCensus data footnote 169	404,350	197,705	206,640	17,220	8,680	8,540
All classes of workersCensus data footnote 170	18,268,125	9,534,120	8,734,000	709,825	361,940	347,885
Employee	16,073,685	8,158,745	7,914,940	636,730	317,865	318,860
Self-employedCensus data footnote 171	2,194,440	1,375,380	819,060	73,095	44,070	29,025
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 172	18,672,470	9,731,830	8,940,645	727,045	370,620	356,430
Occupation - not applicableCensus data footnote 169	404,350	197,710	206,640	17,225	8,685	8,540
All occupationsCensus data footnote 170	18,268,120	9,534,120	8,734,005	709,825	361,940	347,890
0 Management occupations	2,013,370	1,251,165	762,205	82,180	49,355	32,825
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,874,305	862,870	2,011,440	132,805	43,485	89,320
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,273,660	990,560	283,105	76,840	58,225	18,615
3 Health occupations	1,245,885	244,730	1,001,155	45,155	10,070	35,085
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,138,445	672,945	1,465,495	113,425	40,340	73,090
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	557,275	255,705	301,570	25,625	11,240	14,380
6 Sales and service occupations	4,265,895	1,843,510	2,422,390	154,565	76,175	78,385
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	2,668,875	2,504,290	164,585	64,375	61,140	3,235
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	416,135	331,920	84,215	6,800	5,655	1,155
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	814,285	576,435	237,845	8,055	6,255	1,795
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 173	18,672,475	9,731,830	8,940,640	727,045	370,620	356,430
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicableCensus data footnote 169	404,350	197,710	206,640	17,225	8,680	8,540
All industry categoriesCensus data footnote 170	18,268,125	9,534,120	8,734,000	709,825	361,940	347,885
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	444,680	310,000	134,675	4,075	2,715	1,355
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	271,300	219,880	51,420	825	720	110
22 Utilities	136,350	100,135	36,210	2,290	1,745	545
23 Construction	1,365,010	1,196,550	168,455	40,695	36,055	4,635
31-33 Manufacturing	1,596,570	1,149,745	446,820	22,430	16,480	5,950
41 Wholesale trade	665,685	451,230	214,455	15,735	11,570	4,165
44-45 Retail trade	2,110,200	984,090	1,126,115	75,510	38,780	36,730
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	876,050	656,375	219,670	21,215	15,960	5,250
51 Information and cultural industries	420,350	243,650	176,705	17,840	11,035	6,805
52 Finance and insurance	790,580	327,865	462,715	21,760	9,925	11,835
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	333,305	184,350	148,955	11,870	6,650	5,225
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,335,125	740,520	594,605	62,320	37,660	24,660
55 Management of companies and enterprises	28,795	12,795	16,000	465	185	280
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	802,420	462,825	339,590	32,130	19,995	12,135
61 Educational services	1,346,585	420,845	925,735	57,685	19,070	38,615
62 Health care and social assistance	2,138,025	383,755	1,754,270	78,410	16,175	62,230
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	379,740	192,875	186,865	14,790	7,380	7,410
72 Accommodation and food services	1,283,725	535,210	748,515	47,215	23,080	24,130
81 Other services (except public administration)	814,695	371,880	442,815	29,765	12,200	17,565
91 Public administration	1,128,945	589,530	539,405	152,810	74,555	78,260
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 174	17,230,035	8,923,540	8,306,495	676,480	343,175	333,300
Worked at home	1,272,285	639,500	632,785	46,415	23,140	23,280
Worked outside Canada	78,815	54,235	24,580	2,490	1,680	810
No fixed workplace address	1,987,260	1,487,445	499,820	59,925	44,240	15,680
Worked at usual place	13,891,675	6,742,360	7,149,315	567,645	274,120	293,525
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	13,891,680	6,742,365	7,149,315	567,645	274,115	293,525
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	8,102,115	3,723,115	4,379,005	449,910	214,200	235,705
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,906,390	1,435,640	1,470,750	2,350	1,170	1,175
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,725,205	1,492,170	1,233,030	40,615	20,390	20,225
Commute to a different province or territory	157,970	91,445	66,525	74,770	38,350	36,420
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 175	15,878,940	8,229,810	7,649,135	627,570	318,360	309,215
Car, truck, van - as a driver	11,748,095	6,380,120	5,367,975	415,370	224,415	190,960
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	868,920	349,855	519,065	36,845	11,580	25,260
Public transit	1,968,215	846,735	1,121,485	115,005	50,935	64,070
Walked	877,985	392,950	485,030	39,465	18,585	20,875
Bicycle	222,130	146,615	75,515	14,895	9,855	5,040
Other method	193,595	113,525	80,060	5,995	2,990	3,010
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 176	15,878,945	8,229,810	7,649,130	627,570	318,360	309,210
Less than 15 minutes	4,449,920	2,071,365	2,378,555	124,945	59,125	65,820
15 to 29 minutes	5,314,295	2,725,165	2,589,130	226,235	116,285	109,945
30 to 44 minutes	3,228,845	1,782,680	1,446,165	160,070	84,175	75,900
45 to 59 minutes	1,391,060	768,115	622,940	69,085	34,790	34,300
60 minutes and over	1,494,830	882,485	612,345	47,235	23,990	23,245
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 177	15,878,940	8,229,810	7,649,135	627,570	318,360	309,210
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,073,680	781,230	292,455	34,610	23,630	10,980
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	2,814,750	1,754,045	1,060,710	122,735	68,180	54,560
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	4,458,835	2,217,210	2,241,620	185,570	87,235	98,335
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	3,349,975	1,408,710	1,941,265	140,045	65,545	74,500
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,756,265	752,940	1,003,325	64,600	30,595	34,005
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,425,435	1,315,670	1,109,765	80,010	43,180	36,830
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 178	19,956,255	10,342,970	9,613,285	765,590	388,485	377,110
Single responses	19,365,980	10,042,855	9,323,130	718,360	365,860	352,505
Official languages	19,090,545	9,897,470	9,193,075	714,285	363,795	350,490
English	15,265,335	7,952,010	7,313,320	570,925	298,020	272,905
French	3,825,215	1,945,465	1,879,750	143,360	65,775	77,585
Non-official languages	275,430	145,380	130,055	4,080	2,065	2,015
Aboriginal languages	24,950	12,385	12,565	90	30	50
Algonquian languages	14,440	7,370	7,070	55	25	30
Blackfoot	80	45	35	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	11,540	5,820	5,720	55	25	30
Atikamekw	1,095	580	515	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	2,055	970	1,085	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	370	180	190	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	40	25	10	20	10	0
Plains Cree	95	60	35	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	15	10	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	75	35	40	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	7,795	3,965	3,835	40	15	25
Eastern Algonquian languages	925	510	420	0	0	0
Malecite	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	915	505	410	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	1,895	995	900	0	0	0
Algonquin	45	20	25	0	0	0
Ojibway	765	380	385	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	1,080	595	485	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	1,140	530	610	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	1,135	525	610	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	20	0	15	0	0	0
Chilcotin	20	0	10	0	0	0
Dene	770	360	405	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	165	80	80	0	0	0
Gwich'in	10	10	10	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	135	65	70	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	95	45	45	0	0	0
South Slavey	35	20	20	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	10	10	10	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	10	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	10	0	10	0	0	0
Inuit languages	8,845	4,255	4,595	25	10	25
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	35	10	25	0	0	0
Inuktitut	8,800	4,240	4,555	25	0	20
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	35	10	30	0	0	0
Cayuga	10	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	35	10	25	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	10	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	110	25	85	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	15	10	10	0	0	0
Lillooet	15	10	10	0	0	0
Okanagan	20	10	20	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	35	0	30	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	15	0	15	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	260	155	105	0	0	0
Dakota	20	10	10	0	0	0
Stoney	240	145	95	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	10	10	10	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	25	0	20	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	10	10	10	0	0	0
Nisga'a	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	35	15	20	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	10	10	10	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	30	15	15	10	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	250,485	132,990	117,490	3,995	2,030	1,960
Afro-Asiatic languages	7,380	4,530	2,850	670	405	270
Berber languages	35	10	30	0	0	0
Kabyle	20	0	20	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	15	10	15	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	275	105	170	20	0	20
Bilen	10	10	10	0	0	0
Oromo	45	25	20	0	0	0
Somali	220	80	145	20	0	20
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	7,065	4,420	2,650	655	400	250
Amharic	200	95	100	0	0	0
Arabic	5,585	3,695	1,890	630	390	235
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	205	155	55	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	30	20	15	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	825	335	490	20	10	10
Maltese	25	15	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	135	70	60	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	65	35	30	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	8,550	3,790	4,760	175	60	105
Khmer (Cambodian)	475	230	245	10	0	0
Vietnamese	8,070	3,560	4,510	165	60	110
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	3,850	1,750	2,095	50	20	25
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	75	20	55	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	25	0	15	0	0	0
Ilocano	110	50	60	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	140	75	65	15	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	3,450	1,580	1,875	30	10	20
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	40	25	15	0	0	0
Creole languages	350	125	225	30	15	15
Haitian Creole	25	10	15	10	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	315	110	200	25	10	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	2,225	1,060	1,165	10	10	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	90	50	45	0	0	0
Tamil	2,090	1,005	1,080	0	0	0
Telugu	45	10	35	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	85,550	47,305	38,245	1,210	565	650
Albanian	350	220	125	0	0	0
Armenian	450	220	230	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10,075	4,745	5,330	295	110	185
Baltic languages	95	35	60	0	0	0
Latvian	40	10	25	0	0	0
Lithuanian	60	25	30	0	0	0
Slavic languages	9,980	4,710	5,270	295	110	185
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	155	90	65	15	0	0
Bulgarian	205	110	90	15	15	0
Croatian	220	130	95	10	0	0
Czech	70	40	30	0	10	0
Macedonian	95	45	55	0	0	0
Polish	2,500	1,265	1,235	45	10	35
Russian	4,850	2,135	2,720	155	45	110
Serbian	530	320	210	25	10	15
Serbo-Croatian	30	25	0	10	0	0
Slovak	100	60	40	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	0	10	0	0	0
Ukrainian	1,210	485	725	30	10	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	25	20	10	10	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	15	15	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	0	0	0
Germanic languages	13,285	7,455	5,835	165	70	90
Afrikaans	85	40	40	0	0	0
Danish	90	50	35	10	10	0
Dutch	1,165	630	540	20	10	10
Frisian	40	25	15	0	0	0
German	10,065	5,715	4,345	120	50	70
Icelandic	0	10	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	65	30	40	0	0	0
Swedish	125	55	70	10	0	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	35	20	15	0	0	0
Yiddish	895	390	505	10	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	720	495	225	0	0	0
Greek	1,020	545	475	15	0	10
Indo-Iranian languages	37,330	21,140	16,190	130	70	65
Indo-Aryan languages	32,485	18,125	14,360	55	35	20
Bengali	530	275	245	10	10	0
Gujarati	880	300	585	0	0	0
Hindi	1,405	755	650	15	15	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	10	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	30	15	15	0	0	0
Nepali	195	95	100	0	0	10
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	27,870	15,945	11,920	10	0	10
Sindhi	35	10	30	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40	25	20	0	0	0
Urdu	1,495	705	790	20	15	10
Iranian languages	4,820	3,000	1,815	75	35	40
Kurdish	185	150	40	0	0	0
Pashto	50	20	25	10	10	10
Persian (Farsi)	4,580	2,830	1,750	60	30	30
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	23,025	12,965	10,060	605	305	300
Catalan	30	10	20	0	0	0
Italian	1,705	895	805	40	30	10
Portuguese	7,490	4,795	2,695	130	80	45
Romanian	745	365	380	10	10	10
Spanish	13,030	6,885	6,145	420	190	235
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0	0	0
Japanese	3,255	1,195	2,065	60	25	35
Kartvelian languages	30	10	20	0	0	10
Georgian	30	10	20	0	0	0
Korean	12,150	6,260	5,885	90	50	40
Mongolic languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	235	120	115	35	15	20
Akan (Twi)	25	10	20	0	0	0
Bamanankan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	20	10	10	0	0	0
Igbo	10	10	0	0	0	0
Lingala	10	0	10	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25	0	15	15	0	15
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	80	50	30	10	10	0
Wolof	10	0	10	0	0	0
Yoruba	15	0	15	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30	20	0	10	10	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	1,920	740	1,180	65	25	45
American Sign Language	1,145	340	810	35	15	25
Quebec Sign Language	135	15	115	20	0	15
Sign languages, n.i.e	640	390	255	10	10	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	122,880	65,030	57,850	1,495	790	710
Chinese languages	122,610	64,880	57,730	1,490	785	705
Cantonese	58,815	30,485	28,340	560	315	245
Hakka	70	25	45	0	0	0
Mandarin	60,090	32,430	27,665	885	435	455
Min Dong	25	15	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	565	335	225	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	105	65	45	0	10	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	2,930	1,530	1,405	40	35	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	270	155	115	10	0	0
Burmese	75	35	35	10	10	10
Karenic languages	135	75	55	0	0	0
Tibetan	50	30	20	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	675	270	405	55	30	25
Lao	150	70	80	15	10	10
Thai	525	205	325	40	20	20
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	750	475	275	30	20	10
Azerbaijani	30	20	0	10	10	0
Turkish	685	435	255	20	0	10
Uyghur	15	15	0	10	0	0
Uzbek	15	10	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	595	270	325	10	10	10
Estonian	50	15	40	0	0	0
Finnish	105	40	65	10	10	10
Hungarian	435	225	215	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	80	45	35	10	0	0
Multiple responses	590,270	300,115	290,155	47,225	22,625	24,600
English and French	412,680	211,095	201,585	42,540	20,330	22,205
English and non-official language	154,285	77,870	76,420	3,520	1,710	1,805
French and non-official language	7,830	3,595	4,235	175	80	95
English, French and non-official language	15,475	7,565	7,915	1,000	505	495
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 179	19,956,250	10,342,970	9,613,290	765,590	388,480	377,110
None	17,456,725	9,056,235	8,400,490	523,350	272,620	250,735
English	1,259,225	661,460	597,765	82,440	38,360	44,080
French	705,780	349,035	356,745	147,035	71,190	75,845
Non-official language	496,565	257,455	239,105	10,575	5,325	5,250
Aboriginal	37,615	17,215	20,400	185	55	125
Non-Aboriginal	458,945	240,245	218,710	10,395	5,270	5,120
English and French	2,535	1,200	1,335	160	60	100
English and non-official language	18,040	8,765	9,280	440	200	245
French and non-official language	17,265	8,730	8,540	1,570	715	850
English, French and non-official language	115	90	30	15	10	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 180	34,091,785	16,783,745	17,308,035	1,287,080	628,740	658,340
Non-movers	29,644,795	14,593,190	15,051,605	1,116,265	545,040	571,220
Movers	4,446,990	2,190,555	2,256,435	170,825	83,695	87,125
Non-migrants	2,623,515	1,292,750	1,330,760	116,225	56,810	59,415
Migrants	1,823,475	897,805	925,670	54,595	26,885	27,710
Internal migrants	1,451,005	713,060	737,945	39,610	19,390	20,220
Intraprovincial migrants	1,189,525	580,895	608,630	24,210	11,575	12,630
Interprovincial migrants	261,475	132,160	129,315	15,400	7,815	7,590
External migrants	372,475	184,745	187,730	14,980	7,500	7,490
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 181	32,568,560	16,004,315	16,564,245	1,228,450	599,130	629,320
Non-movers	20,134,760	9,902,645	10,232,115	748,410	364,850	383,560
Movers	12,433,805	6,101,675	6,332,130	480,040	234,275	245,760
Non-migrants	6,755,630	3,314,730	3,440,905	310,975	151,435	159,545
Migrants	5,678,175	2,786,945	2,891,230	169,060	82,845	86,220
Internal migrants	4,296,720	2,104,325	2,192,395	119,125	57,835	61,290
Intraprovincial migrants	3,467,670	1,689,950	1,777,720	73,840	35,405	38,440
Interprovincial migrants	829,045	414,375	414,670	45,280	22,435	22,850
External migrants	1,381,460	682,625	698,835	49,935	25,005	24,930