Census Profile, 2016 Census
Canada [Country] and Edmonton [Census metropolitan area], Alberta

The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).

Characteristic	Canada [Country]			Edmonton Alberta [Census metropolitan area]
	Data quality , Canada [Country]  Map : Canada [Country] Change geography 1			Data quality : Edmonton [Census metropolitan area], Alberta  Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016Census data footnote 1	35,151,728	...	...	1,321,426	...	...
Population, 2011Census data footnote 1	33,476,688	...	...	1,159,869	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	5.0	...	...	13.9	...	...
Total private dwellingsCensus data footnote 2	15,412,443	...	...	537,634	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residentsCensus data footnote 3	14,072,079	...	...	502,143	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	3.9	...	...	140.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	8,965,588.85	...	...	9,438.86	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% dataCensus data footnote 4	35,151,730	17,264,200	17,887,530	1,321,425	660,570	660,855
0 to 14 years	5,839,565	2,992,920	2,846,645	243,200	124,360	118,840
0 to 4 years	1,898,790	973,030	925,760	85,100	43,375	41,730
5 to 9 years	2,018,130	1,034,685	983,445	83,715	42,740	40,970
10 to 14 years	1,922,645	985,200	937,445	74,380	38,245	36,140
15 to 64 years	23,376,530	11,576,130	11,800,400	915,560	462,435	453,125
15 to 19 years	2,026,160	1,039,215	986,940	75,695	38,920	36,775
20 to 24 years	2,242,690	1,144,495	1,098,200	92,345	47,090	45,255
25 to 29 years	2,285,990	1,144,470	1,141,515	109,080	55,445	53,640
30 to 34 years	2,329,395	1,148,290	1,181,110	112,310	56,705	55,605
35 to 39 years	2,288,365	1,118,635	1,169,730	100,240	50,770	49,470
40 to 44 years	2,255,135	1,104,440	1,150,695	89,520	45,350	44,165
45 to 49 years	2,359,965	1,157,760	1,202,210	85,525	43,055	42,470
50 to 54 years	2,678,075	1,318,755	1,359,320	90,785	45,375	45,410
55 to 59 years	2,620,240	1,285,190	1,335,055	87,575	43,810	43,760
60 to 64 years	2,290,510	1,114,885	1,175,630	72,500	35,915	36,580
65 years and over	5,935,630	2,695,150	3,240,485	162,665	73,765	88,895
65 to 69 years	1,972,480	953,075	1,019,405	55,960	27,270	28,695
70 to 74 years	1,420,875	677,975	742,900	37,415	17,745	19,670
75 to 79 years	1,021,850	469,550	552,300	27,425	12,545	14,885
80 to 84 years	749,650	325,765	423,880	20,600	8,775	11,820
85 years and over	770,780	268,790	501,990	21,260	7,435	13,830
85 to 89 years	482,525	185,535	296,990	13,315	5,195	8,120
90 to 94 years	223,510	68,675	154,835	6,120	1,840	4,275
95 to 99 years	56,525	13,240	43,280	1,585	360	1,220
100 years and over	8,230	1,340	6,890	245	35	210
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.6	17.3	15.9	18.4	18.8	18.0
15 to 64 years	66.5	67.1	66.0	69.3	70.0	68.6
65 years and over	16.9	15.6	18.1	12.3	11.2	13.5
85 years and over	2.2	1.6	2.8	1.6	1.1	2.1
Average age of the population	41.0	40.1	41.9	37.8	37.1	38.5
Median age of the population	41.2	40.2	42.2	36.3	35.7	37.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% dataCensus data footnote 5	14,072,080	...	...	502,140	...	...
Single-detached house	7,541,495	...	...	287,775	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,391,040	...	...	26,885	...	...
Other attached dwellingCensus data footnote 6	4,949,795	...	...	180,580	...	...
Semi-detached house	698,800	...	...	31,195	...	...
Row house	891,305	...	...	42,865	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	784,300	...	...	10,680	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,539,390	...	...	95,675	...	...
Other single-attached house	36,005	...	...	165	...	...
Movable dwellingCensus data footnote 7	189,755	...	...	6,905	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% dataCensus data footnote 8	14,072,080	...	...	502,145	...	...
1 person	3,969,790	...	...	123,655	...	...
2 persons	4,834,605	...	...	168,735	...	...
3 persons	2,140,640	...	...	82,535	...	...
4 persons	1,946,275	...	...	77,110	...	...
5 or more persons	1,180,770	...	...	50,115	...	...
Number of persons in private households	34,460,060	...	...	1,297,280	...	...
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% dataCensus data footnote 9	29,312,160	14,271,280	15,040,885	1,078,230	536,210	542,025
Married or living common law	16,893,720	8,452,135	8,441,585	627,500	314,990	312,510
Married	13,383,455	6,693,465	6,689,990	525,300	263,835	261,465
Living common law	3,510,265	1,758,670	1,751,590	102,200	51,155	51,045
Not married and not living common law	12,418,440	5,819,140	6,599,300	450,730	221,220	229,510
Never married	8,254,340	4,444,425	3,809,915	312,570	173,655	138,915
Separated	718,295	309,905	408,400	25,390	11,000	14,390
Divorced	1,816,005	725,535	1,090,470	65,720	27,020	38,695
Widowed	1,629,800	339,280	1,290,525	47,055	9,540	37,510
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% dataCensus data footnote 10	9,840,730	...	...	360,845	...	...
2 persons	5,007,790	...	...	173,185	...	...
3 persons	2,107,830	...	...	78,690	...	...
4 persons	1,909,935	...	...	74,835	...	...
5 or more persons	815,170	...	...	34,135	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 11	9,840,730	...	...	360,845	...	...
Total couple families	8,227,925	...	...	304,740	...	...
Married couples	6,474,005	...	...	253,655	...	...
Common-law couples	1,753,920	...	...	51,080	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	1,612,805	...	...	56,105	...	...
Female parent	1,262,340	...	...	43,515	...	...
Male parent	350,465	...	...	12,590	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	8,227,925	...	...	304,735	...	...
Couples without children	4,024,305	...	...	139,070	...	...
Couples with children	4,203,615	...	...	165,665	...	...
1 child	1,650,165	...	...	63,125	...	...
2 children	1,783,080	...	...	70,360	...	...
3 or more children	770,375	...	...	32,185	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	1,612,805	...	...	56,105	...	...
1 child	983,485	...	...	34,110	...	...
2 children	457,670	...	...	15,565	...	...
3 or more children	171,655	...	...	6,435	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	6,107,260	2,941,395	3,165,865	231,985	121,605	110,380
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% dataCensus data footnote 12	14,072,075	...	...	502,145	...	...
One-census-family households	9,218,225	...	...	336,245	...	...
Without children in a census familyCensus data footnote 13	3,782,095	...	...	129,390	...	...
With children in a census familyCensus data footnote 14	5,436,135	...	...	206,855	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	301,715	...	...	11,980	...	...
Non-census-family households	4,552,135	...	...	153,920	...	...
One-person households	3,969,790	...	...	123,655	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	582,350	...	...	30,265	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% dataCensus data footnote 15	34,767,255	17,101,170	17,666,080	1,307,175	654,005	653,170
English only	23,757,525	11,838,075	11,919,455	1,189,600	600,100	589,500
French only	4,144,685	1,925,845	2,218,840	1,765	775	985
English and French	6,216,065	3,071,325	3,144,740	95,160	44,820	50,340
Neither English nor French	648,970	265,920	383,045	20,650	8,300	12,345
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% dataCensus data footnote 16	34,767,250	17,101,165	17,666,085	1,307,170	654,000	653,170
English	26,007,500	12,852,330	13,155,165	1,252,685	628,165	624,525
French	7,705,755	3,780,105	3,925,650	27,475	14,300	13,175
English and French	417,485	209,130	208,355	6,885	3,520	3,370
Neither English nor French	636,515	259,600	376,910	20,120	8,020	12,105
Official language minority (number)Census data footnote 17	7,914,495	3,884,670	4,029,825	30,925	16,060	14,860
Official language minority (percentage)Census data footnote 17	22.8	22.7	22.8	2.4	2.5	2.3
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% dataCensus data footnote 18	34,767,255	17,101,170	17,666,085	1,307,175	654,000	653,170
Single responses	33,948,620	16,702,840	17,245,775	1,272,990	637,380	635,610
Official languages	26,627,555	13,201,620	13,425,940	957,505	484,440	473,065
English	19,460,850	9,680,125	9,780,725	930,410	470,330	460,075
French	7,166,705	3,521,495	3,645,215	27,100	14,105	12,995
Non-official languages	7,321,065	3,501,220	3,819,840	315,485	152,940	162,545
Aboriginal languages	195,700	94,795	100,900	2,740	1,095	1,645
Algonquian languages	130,450	62,930	67,520	2,150	845	1,305
Blackfoot	2,815	1,325	1,490	35	10	25
Cree-Montagnais languages	88,445	42,920	45,530	2,005	795	1,210
Atikamekw	6,150	3,135	3,015	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	10,230	4,885	5,350	0	0	0
Moose Cree	100	50	55	5	0	0
Naskapi	1,205	590	620	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	315	125	190	15	5	10
Plains Cree	3,065	1,360	1,710	350	120	230
Southern East Cree	45	20	25	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	1,440	585	850	25	5	15
Woods Cree	1,840	865	975	155	65	90
Cree, n.o.s.	64,050	31,305	32,745	1,455	590	860
Eastern Algonquian languages	6,990	3,310	3,680	10	5	5
Malecite	305	140	160	0	5	0
Mi'kmaq	6,690	3,170	3,520	10	5	5
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	32,150	15,350	16,800	95	40	55
Algonquin	1,260	590	670	0	0	5
Ojibway	17,890	8,440	9,450	90	35	55
Oji-Cree	12,855	6,260	6,595	5	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	150	65	85	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	45	25	20	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	17,365	8,325	9,045	220	80	145
Northern Athabaskan languages	17,315	8,310	9,010	220	75	145
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	110	55	60	0	0	0
Beaver	190	85	105	0	5	5
Carrier	1,025	465	565	5	0	5
Chilcotin	660	295	360	0	0	0
Dene	10,700	5,185	5,515	145	50	95
Dogrib (Tlicho)	1,645	840	815	20	5	10
Gwich'in	260	110	145	5	0	5
Sarsi (Sarcee)	80	25	50	0	0	0
Sekani	90	45	45	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	1,995	950	1,045	40	15	25
North Slavey (Hare)	765	365	400	10	0	10
South Slavey	945	455	495	25	10	15
Slavey, n.o.s.	280	130	150	10	5	5
Tahltan languages	270	135	140	5	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	180	90	90	5	0	5
Tahltan	95	40	50	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	290	120	170	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	215	90	135	5	0	0
Southern Tutchone	70	30	40	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	50	20	35	5	0	5
Haida	75	35	40	5	5	0
Inuit languages	36,545	18,100	18,445	65	20	50
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	1,025	445	575	10	0	10
Inuktitut	35,215	17,530	17,680	40	10	30
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	315	125	185	15	5	15
Iroquoian languages	1,115	485	635	5	5	5
Cayuga	45	20	20	0	0	0
Mohawk	980	430	555	5	0	5
Oneida	55	20	40	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	0	0	0
Kutenai	105	55	55	0	0	0
Michif	465	230	235	35	20	15
Salish languages	2,305	1,130	1,180	5	0	5
Comox	80	45	40	0	0	0
Halkomelem	475	225	245	0	5	0
Lillooet	315	155	155	0	0	0
Okanagan	270	135	135	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	445	225	220	0	0	0
Squamish	40	20	20	0	0	0
Straits	80	40	40	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	335	150	185	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	255	135	125	0	0	0
Siouan languages	4,285	2,070	2,220	225	100	120
Dakota	1,215	570	635	70	25	40
Stoney	3,025	1,465	1,555	155	80	75
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	0	0	5
Tlingit	95	40	55	5	0	0
Tsimshian languages	1,480	730	755	5	5	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	880	435	445	5	0	0
Nisga'a	400	200	200	5	0	0
Tsimshian	200	90	110	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	805	370	435	0	0	0
Haisla	90	40	50	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	95	40	55	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	325	145	185	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	285	135	140	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	585	295	295	25	20	5
Non-Aboriginal languages	7,125,365	3,406,425	3,718,945	312,745	151,845	160,900
Afro-Asiatic languages	575,365	298,060	277,300	31,265	16,330	14,935
Berber languages	22,135	11,865	10,270	130	75	60
Kabyle	13,150	6,995	6,155	75	45	30
Berber languages, n.i.e.	8,985	4,865	4,115	60	30	30
Cushitic languages	42,885	20,095	22,790	7,905	3,970	3,940
Bilen	805	455	350	245	140	105
Oromo	4,960	2,560	2,400	1,130	585	540
Somali	36,755	16,895	19,865	6,510	3,235	3,275
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	365	195	170	25	10	10
Semitic languages	509,190	265,465	243,725	23,155	12,245	10,910
Amharic	22,465	10,720	11,745	2,515	1,215	1,295
Arabic	419,890	220,785	199,105	17,520	9,375	8,145
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	16,070	7,910	8,160	75	35	35
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5,545	2,780	2,770	35	25	15
Harari	1,320	635	685	165	85	80
Hebrew	19,530	10,480	9,045	405	220	180
Maltese	5,565	2,765	2,800	30	10	15
Tigrigna	16,650	8,310	8,340	2,330	1,225	1,110
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	2,155	1,085	1,070	80	50	35
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	1,155	635	520	65	45	25
Austro-Asiatic languages	176,725	81,810	94,920	9,640	4,450	5,190
Khmer (Cambodian)	20,130	9,270	10,860	765	360	405
Vietnamese	156,425	72,470	83,955	8,870	4,080	4,785
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	170	65	100	10	5	5
Austronesian languages	511,480	211,580	299,900	42,565	18,515	24,050
Bikol	1,790	790	1,000	115	50	60
Cebuano	19,890	7,930	11,960	1,940	810	1,125
Fijian	745	400	345	55	30	25
Hiligaynon	6,885	2,680	4,205	530	235	295
Ilocano	26,345	10,620	15,720	1,850	780	1,065
Malagasy	1,430	665	760	10	5	5
Malay	12,275	5,255	7,020	515	225	290
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	4,040	1,865	2,175	340	155	180
Pangasinan	1,390	590	800	110	45	70
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	431,380	178,575	252,810	36,750	16,010	20,740
Waray-Waray	1,110	430	675	75	30	40
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	4,195	1,770	2,425	285	125	155
Creole languages	72,125	32,310	39,820	1,015	530	490
Haitian Creole	3,030	1,445	1,590	55	25	30
Creole, n.o.s.	64,105	28,455	35,660	615	345	275
Creole languages, n.i.e.	4,985	2,410	2,575	350	160	185
Dravidian languages	189,405	94,765	94,640	6,790	3,545	3,250
Kannada	3,970	2,040	1,935	210	105	100
Malayalam	28,570	14,770	13,800	3,455	1,785	1,675
Tamil	140,720	69,080	71,640	2,170	1,150	1,025
Telugu	15,655	8,640	7,020	940	495	440
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	490	240	250	20	15	15
Hmong-Mien languages	795	395	405	10	5	5
Indo-European languages	3,877,330	1,889,400	1,987,930	152,395	75,615	76,780
Albanian	26,890	13,610	13,285	770	415	350
Armenian	33,455	16,270	17,185	170	85	85
Balto-Slavic languages	701,975	323,640	378,340	34,695	16,210	18,480
Baltic languages	12,530	5,315	7,215	320	145	175
Latvian	5,455	2,350	3,105	150	65	80
Lithuanian	7,075	2,965	4,115	170	75	95
Slavic languages	689,450	318,325	371,115	34,375	16,070	18,300
Belarusan	810	385	430	35	15	15
Bosnian	12,210	6,035	6,180	710	355	355
Bulgarian	20,025	9,675	10,345	480	250	225
Croatian	48,200	23,540	24,665	2,010	1,050	960
Czech	22,290	10,525	11,765	895	435	460
Macedonian	16,775	8,050	8,725	185	90	90
Polish	181,710	82,435	99,275	9,380	4,375	5,000
Russian	188,255	85,400	102,855	5,730	2,655	3,075
Serbian	57,350	28,535	28,815	1,835	930	910
Serbo-Croatian	9,555	4,565	4,985	360	180	175
Slovak	17,580	8,075	9,510	610	300	315
Slovene (Slovenian)	9,790	4,415	5,370	290	140	155
Ukrainian	102,485	45,440	57,040	11,770	5,250	6,520
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	2,415	1,255	1,165	90	45	45
Celtic languages	2,690	1,335	1,360	120	75	45
Scottish Gaelic	1,090	540	550	45	25	20
Welsh	1,075	495	575	35	25	15
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	530	295	235	35	25	15
Germanic languages	538,765	258,410	280,350	20,925	9,990	10,935
Afrikaans	10,265	5,115	5,145	575	300	270
Danish	12,630	6,245	6,390	745	365	375
Dutch	99,020	48,200	50,820	4,100	1,985	2,120
Frisian	2,100	1,095	1,005	90	50	40
German	384,035	183,215	200,820	14,760	6,995	7,765
Icelandic	1,285	600	685	35	15	25
Norwegian	4,615	2,170	2,445	210	100	110
Swedish	6,840	3,015	3,825	270	115	155
Vlaams (Flemish)	3,895	1,730	2,165	80	35	45
Yiddish	13,555	6,750	6,800	55	30	25
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	525	280	240	5	5	5
Greek	106,525	53,350	53,170	1,075	585	490
Indo-Iranian languages	1,312,750	664,120	648,630	64,055	32,905	31,155
Indo-Aryan languages	1,064,760	538,530	526,235	57,440	29,435	28,005
Bengali	73,125	37,410	35,720	2,335	1,230	1,110
Gujarati	108,780	55,105	53,670	5,745	2,980	2,765
Hindi	110,640	55,880	54,765	8,410	4,235	4,180
Kashmiri	565	300	265	20	10	10
Konkani	3,330	1,625	1,710	155	80	75
Marathi	8,295	4,300	3,995	535	275	260
Nepali	18,275	9,230	9,045	1,990	1,040	955
Oriya (Odia)	1,055	560	495	70	40	30
Punjabi (Panjabi)	501,680	253,515	248,160	27,780	14,270	13,515
Sindhi	11,860	5,605	6,260	940	435	500
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	16,335	8,050	8,285	1,305	680	630
Urdu	210,815	106,960	103,860	8,140	4,155	3,985
Iranian languages	242,805	122,835	119,970	6,335	3,320	3,015
Kurdish	11,705	6,345	5,355	755	420	340
Pashto	16,910	8,760	8,145	660	350	310
Persian (Farsi)	214,200	107,725	106,470	4,920	2,555	2,370
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5,180	2,755	2,425	280	150	130
Italic (Romance) languages	1,154,270	558,660	595,615	30,585	15,355	15,235
Catalan	865	440	425	25	15	15
Italian	375,635	184,415	191,220	4,910	2,440	2,470
Portuguese	221,540	106,630	114,910	4,630	2,260	2,370
Romanian	96,665	46,195	50,470	2,540	1,270	1,265
Spanish	458,850	220,605	238,245	18,465	9,365	9,105
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	720	380	340	15	10	10
Japanese	43,640	14,790	28,855	1,055	340	715
Kartvelian languages	1,715	910	805	70	40	25
Georgian	1,715	910	805	65	40	30
Korean	153,425	70,310	83,115	6,330	3,005	3,325
Mongolic languages	1,575	690	885	80	35	45
Mongolian	1,575	690	880	80	35	45
Niger-Congo languages	91,375	45,075	46,305	7,320	3,700	3,620
Akan (Twi)	13,455	6,490	6,970	885	460	425
Bamanankan	1,535	815	720	15	10	5
Edo	1,670	770	900	140	75	70
Ewe	1,760	950	805	125	75	55
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	2,825	1,495	1,335	140	75	65
Ga	920	445	470	65	35	30
Ganda	1,295	625	665	210	105	105
Igbo	4,235	2,265	1,970	305	165	145
Lingala	3,810	1,785	2,025	160	80	80
Rundi (Kirundi)	5,845	2,785	3,060	400	200	205
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5,250	2,355	2,895	610	305	305
Shona	3,180	1,520	1,665	565	275	290
Swahili	13,370	6,385	6,990	1,245	600	645
Wolof	3,990	2,170	1,820	130	85	45
Yoruba	9,085	4,785	4,300	700	390	310
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	19,135	9,435	9,695	1,610	760	850
Nilo-Saharan languages	5,870	3,025	2,845	750	385	365
Dinka	2,120	1,115	1,000	335	170	160
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	3,755	1,910	1,840	410	210	205
Sign languages	7,500	3,925	3,575	390	190	200
American Sign Language	2,685	1,320	1,360	175	80	100
Quebec Sign Language	695	340	355	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	4,120	2,265	1,860	210	105	105
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,269,215	589,570	679,645	47,885	22,610	25,270
Chinese languages	1,253,360	581,650	671,715	47,180	22,240	24,945
Cantonese	565,270	262,865	302,405	22,670	10,590	12,080
Hakka	10,910	4,900	6,015	620	290	330
Mandarin	592,040	274,630	317,410	19,930	9,465	10,465
Min Dong	1,230	580	650	70	30	40
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	31,795	14,450	17,350	1,265	580	685
Wu (Shanghainese)	12,915	5,780	7,140	235	120	115
Chinese, n.o.s.	38,580	18,165	20,410	2,365	1,160	1,205
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	610	275	335	25	5	15
Tibeto-Burman languages	15,850	7,925	7,935	700	370	330
Burmese	3,585	1,795	1,790	145	75	65
Karenic languages	4,705	2,355	2,350	430	235	200
Tibetan	6,165	3,080	3,080	20	15	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	1,400	695	705	105	50	55
Tai-Kadai languages	22,010	8,870	13,145	1,020	380	635
Lao	12,670	6,145	6,525	385	190	195
Thai	9,255	2,690	6,565	625	190	435
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	80	35	55	15	5	10
Turkic languages	40,140	21,120	19,025	2,075	1,160	915
Azerbaijani	3,260	1,785	1,470	120	75	45
Turkish	32,815	17,375	15,440	1,740	965	770
Uyghur	1,035	510	525	60	35	25
Uzbek	1,715	855	865	110	60	45
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	1,315	590	720	50	25	25
Uralic languages	81,985	37,790	44,195	1,850	880	975
Estonian	5,445	2,325	3,115	45	20	30
Finnish	15,295	6,395	8,900	225	95	130
Hungarian	61,235	29,060	32,175	1,580	765	815
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	3,690	2,045	1,645	235	130	100
Multiple responses	818,635	398,325	420,305	34,180	16,625	17,560
English and French	165,320	80,460	84,860	3,915	1,915	2,000
English and non-official language	533,265	259,160	274,100	28,420	13,785	14,635
French and non-official language	86,150	42,170	43,985	1,225	610	620
English, French and non-official language	33,900	16,535	17,365	615	310	305
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% dataCensus data footnote 19	34,767,250	17,101,165	17,666,085	1,307,175	654,000	653,175
Single responses	33,103,860	16,298,475	16,805,395	1,235,280	618,935	616,350
Official languages	29,106,670	14,383,020	14,723,645	1,061,360	533,475	527,880
English	22,162,865	10,966,135	11,196,730	1,050,405	527,870	522,530
French	6,943,800	3,416,890	3,526,910	10,950	5,605	5,340
Non-official languages	3,997,195	1,915,450	2,081,750	173,925	85,455	88,470
Aboriginal languages	118,470	59,720	58,750	535	240	295
Algonquian languages	75,080	37,825	37,260	450	205	245
Blackfoot	1,115	555	555	10	0	5
Cree-Montagnais languages	55,825	28,135	27,685	420	190	230
Atikamekw	5,465	2,825	2,640	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	8,590	4,195	4,395	0	0	0
Moose Cree	10	5	5	0	0	0
Naskapi	1,200	595	605	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	110	55	60	15	10	5
Plains Cree	1,350	665	685	55	25	30
Southern East Cree	20	5	15	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	330	140	190	0	0	0
Woods Cree	800	410	390	20	10	10
Cree, n.o.s.	37,945	19,240	18,710	325	145	180
Eastern Algonquian languages	3,615	1,795	1,820	5	0	0
Malecite	55	30	30	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	3,560	1,770	1,795	0	0	5
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	14,525	7,335	7,190	25	10	10
Algonquin	370	170	200	0	0	0
Ojibway	6,175	3,165	3,015	20	10	10
Oji-Cree	7,900	3,960	3,940	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	75	40	35	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	10,265	5,125	5,135	20	5	15
Northern Athabaskan languages	10,255	5,120	5,135	20	5	15
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Beaver	50	30	20	0	0	0
Carrier	245	115	130	0	0	5
Chilcotin	255	125	130	0	0	0
Dene	7,710	3,805	3,905	15	5	5
Dogrib (Tlicho)	1,020	550	475	0	0	0
Gwich'in	45	25	25	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sekani	15	10	5	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	820	425	395	5	0	5
North Slavey (Hare)	340	180	155	0	0	0
South Slavey	370	190	185	5	0	5
Slavey, n.o.s.	105	55	55	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	25	15	15	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	25	10	10	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	5	5	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	30	15	15	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	25	15	10	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	10	0	5	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0	0	0
Haida	10	5	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	29,490	14,995	14,495	5	0	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	165	75	90	0	0	0
Inuktitut	29,230	14,885	14,345	0	0	5
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	90	40	55	5	0	5
Iroquoian languages	285	135	155	0	0	5
Cayuga	10	0	5	0	0	0
Mohawk	255	115	140	0	0	0
Oneida	15	5	10	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	5	0	0
Kutenai	15	10	5	0	0	0
Michif	85	40	45	0	0	0
Salish languages	285	130	150	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	45	20	25	0	0	0
Lillooet	25	15	10	0	0	0
Okanagan	85	35	45	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	55	30	20	0	0	0
Squamish	5	0	5	0	0	0
Straits	20	10	15	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages	2,225	1,085	1,140	40	15	20
Dakota	255	140	120	15	10	10
Stoney	1,950	940	1,010	25	10	15
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0	0	0
Tlingit	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	410	210	190	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	315	155	155	0	0	0
Nisga'a	70	40	30	0	0	0
Tsimshian	25	15	15	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	75	45	35	0	0	0
Haisla	20	10	15	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	5	5	5	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	30	15	15	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	235	110	125	15	5	5
Non-Aboriginal languages	3,878,725	1,855,730	2,022,995	173,390	85,215	88,175
Afro-Asiatic languages	307,755	153,275	154,480	20,330	10,315	10,020
Berber languages	8,105	4,215	3,895	95	45	50
Kabyle	5,490	2,855	2,640	50	25	25
Berber languages, n.i.e.	2,620	1,365	1,260	45	20	25
Cushitic languages	27,095	12,455	14,640	5,850	2,930	2,920
Bilen	620	330	285	210	125	90
Oromo	3,410	1,700	1,710	885	450	435
Somali	22,895	10,340	12,555	4,740	2,355	2,385
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	185	85	95	10	5	5
Semitic languages	272,100	136,390	135,720	14,365	7,325	7,040
Amharic	12,780	6,010	6,770	1,695	805	890
Arabic	223,540	112,690	110,850	10,590	5,450	5,145
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10,510	5,090	5,425	40	20	20
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	3,445	1,695	1,750	20	10	5
Harari	735	335	400	115	55	60
Hebrew	8,560	4,425	4,135	185	100	95
Maltese	1,130	525	605	5	0	5
Tigrigna	10,205	5,040	5,170	1,655	855	800
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	1,200	585	620	50	35	25
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	440	215	230	25	15	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	115,210	53,500	61,710	6,245	2,890	3,365
Khmer (Cambodian)	10,880	4,940	5,945	385	185	205
Vietnamese	104,245	48,525	55,725	5,860	2,700	3,155
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	85	40	45	5	0	0
Austronesian languages	239,785	108,110	131,680	22,800	10,715	12,085
Bikol	290	140	155	15	5	5
Cebuano	7,210	3,325	3,880	810	390	420
Fijian	195	105	90	25	15	10
Hiligaynon	2,205	970	1,240	190	85	105
Ilocano	9,125	4,045	5,080	605	285	320
Malagasy	435	220	210	5	5	0
Malay	3,620	1,710	1,910	130	65	65
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	1,200	565	630	125	60	70
Pangasinan	240	110	135	25	10	15
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	213,790	96,235	117,555	20,765	9,745	11,020
Waray-Waray	310	135	170	10	0	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	1,160	545	620	85	40	40
Creole languages	27,860	12,005	15,850	570	285	280
Haitian Creole	1,280	575	705	40	20	20
Creole, n.o.s.	24,575	10,510	14,060	380	200	180
Creole languages, n.i.e.	2,005	920	1,085	150	70	80
Dravidian languages	122,490	59,780	62,710	4,415	2,280	2,140
Kannada	1,630	825	800	80	40	40
Malayalam	15,440	7,865	7,575	2,330	1,195	1,130
Tamil	96,955	46,570	50,385	1,445	760	680
Telugu	8,280	4,430	3,850	560	280	280
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	190	85	105	10	5	5
Hmong-Mien languages	340	160	180	10	5	5
Indo-European languages	1,911,215	927,225	983,985	75,400	37,840	37,560
Albanian	13,135	6,575	6,560	370	195	175
Armenian	21,505	10,165	11,345	70	35	35
Balto-Slavic languages	314,965	149,315	165,650	12,815	6,240	6,575
Baltic languages	3,275	1,400	1,870	120	55	65
Latvian	1,255	530	725	55	25	30
Lithuanian	2,020	870	1,150	70	30	35
Slavic languages	311,690	147,910	163,780	12,690	6,185	6,505
Belarusan	230	105	120	10	5	5
Bosnian	6,045	3,010	3,040	305	155	150
Bulgarian	11,985	5,835	6,150	290	150	150
Croatian	16,775	7,980	8,795	895	455	440
Czech	6,235	3,060	3,180	255	135	120
Macedonian	6,830	3,250	3,580	90	45	40
Polish	74,780	34,910	39,870	3,805	1,790	2,015
Russian	116,595	55,175	61,425	3,265	1,615	1,650
Serbian	31,750	15,665	16,085	1,000	505	500
Serbo-Croatian	3,885	1,865	2,020	120	55	60
Slovak	5,615	2,685	2,920	170	80	90
Slovene (Slovenian)	2,050	905	1,145	65	35	35
Ukrainian	28,250	13,150	15,100	2,395	1,150	1,250
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	670	310	360	25	5	15
Celtic languages	360	205	155	10	5	5
Scottish Gaelic	185	105	80	5	5	0
Welsh	95	50	45	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	80	50	30	0	5	0
Germanic languages	146,455	71,835	74,615	3,045	1,490	1,555
Afrikaans	4,790	2,355	2,435	295	155	145
Danish	855	410	445	40	20	20
Dutch	9,565	4,630	4,935	275	135	140
Frisian	185	95	90	5	0	0
German	120,335	58,905	61,435	2,315	1,135	1,180
Icelandic	270	120	150	15	5	10
Norwegian	345	145	200	15	5	5
Swedish	1,045	500	545	65	30	35
Vlaams (Flemish)	355	170	185	15	10	5
Yiddish	7,080	3,695	3,385	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	1,625	820	810	0	0	0
Greek	44,545	21,110	23,440	375	185	190
Indo-Iranian languages	838,755	416,960	421,795	43,140	21,900	21,240
Indo-Aryan languages	676,185	337,440	338,745	39,005	19,815	19,190
Bengali	47,350	23,585	23,765	1,455	750	700
Gujarati	64,150	31,740	32,405	3,650	1,855	1,795
Hindi	55,510	27,805	27,710	5,095	2,600	2,495
Kashmiri	135	70	70	0	0	0
Konkani	720	355	370	40	20	15
Marathi	3,780	1,940	1,840	335	170	160
Nepali	13,375	6,710	6,670	1,395	725	665
Oriya (Odia)	470	235	240	35	20	15
Punjabi (Panjabi)	349,145	174,905	174,240	20,655	10,505	10,150
Sindhi	4,975	2,280	2,695	465	230	235
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	7,790	3,860	3,925	785	405	380
Urdu	128,785	63,965	64,820	5,100	2,530	2,570
Iranian languages	160,195	78,310	81,880	4,020	2,040	1,985
Kurdish	6,580	3,400	3,175	375	200	180
Pashto	10,590	5,305	5,290	430	230	195
Persian (Farsi)	143,020	69,600	73,425	3,215	1,605	1,610
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	2,375	1,215	1,160	115	50	65
Italic (Romance) languages	531,485	251,050	280,440	15,580	7,780	7,800
Catalan	355	165	190	10	5	5
Italian	115,415	49,975	65,440	1,405	635	770
Portuguese	98,710	46,915	51,795	1,915	915	1,000
Romanian	53,320	25,795	27,525	1,355	670	685
Spanish	263,510	128,110	135,400	10,880	5,545	5,335
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	180	85	95	5	5	5
Japanese	19,785	8,265	11,515	475	190	285
Kartvelian languages	1,040	565	475	55	25	25
Georgian	1,035	565	475	55	30	25
Korean	109,705	51,385	58,320	4,570	2,240	2,325
Mongolic languages	910	440	470	45	20	30
Mongolian	910	435	470	50	20	30
Niger-Congo languages	28,665	13,340	15,320	2,945	1,420	1,525
Akan (Twi)	5,990	2,695	3,295	445	210	235
Bamanankan	340	180	160	0	0	0
Edo	415	175	240	35	20	15
Ewe	410	185	225	40	25	15
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	825	400	425	55	25	25
Ga	250	105	140	20	10	10
Ganda	345	160	185	80	35	40
Igbo	1,000	485	510	85	40	45
Lingala	1,045	455	590	40	20	25
Rundi (Kirundi)	2,110	990	1,115	200	90	105
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	1,530	670	865	285	150	135
Shona	1,035	475	560	220	100	120
Swahili	5,370	2,500	2,870	585	275	315
Wolof	1,380	745	635	90	50	40
Yoruba	2,615	1,275	1,340	280	145	135
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	4,010	1,850	2,160	495	225	270
Nilo-Saharan languages	2,650	1,305	1,350	365	190	180
Dinka	1,130	580	550	200	110	90
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	1,525	730	800	165	75	90
Sign languages	10,445	5,870	4,570	480	270	210
American Sign Language	3,015	1,560	1,460	195	105	85
Quebec Sign Language	730	375	355	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	6,690	3,935	2,755	285	165	120
Sino-Tibetan languages	924,720	433,530	491,190	32,310	15,330	16,980
Chinese languages	913,365	427,860	485,505	31,770	15,045	16,720
Cantonese	400,215	184,340	215,885	14,695	6,795	7,900
Hakka	4,080	1,820	2,265	215	95	120
Mandarin	462,890	220,075	242,815	14,725	7,150	7,575
Min Dong	345	150	195	10	5	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	13,965	6,345	7,625	555	235	315
Wu (Shanghainese)	7,650	3,580	4,075	120	60	60
Chinese, n.o.s.	23,935	11,440	12,500	1,440	705	735
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	280	130	150	10	0	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	11,350	5,670	5,680	540	280	255
Burmese	2,245	1,115	1,125	95	50	45
Karenic languages	3,865	1,935	1,930	360	195	165
Tibetan	4,590	2,305	2,280	20	10	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	655	305	345	60	25	35
Tai-Kadai languages	9,565	4,455	5,110	475	220	260
Lao	6,175	2,995	3,180	190	90	95
Thai	3,360	1,450	1,915	285	130	155
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	30	15	15	5	0	5
Turkic languages	22,250	11,205	11,045	1,310	705	610
Azerbaijani	1,245	640	610	50	30	20
Turkish	18,955	9,525	9,430	1,140	605	535
Uyghur	610	315	290	40	20	15
Uzbek	990	505	490	70	40	35
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	455	230	225	15	10	5
Uralic languages	23,245	10,715	12,535	505	240	270
Estonian	975	365	610	5	5	0
Finnish	2,790	1,220	1,565	30	15	15
Hungarian	19,485	9,125	10,355	475	225	250
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	1,110	605	500	75	35	35
Multiple responses	1,663,390	802,695	860,690	71,890	35,065	36,825
English and French	160,185	77,940	82,235	2,760	1,375	1,390
English and non-official language	1,284,975	620,375	664,600	67,205	32,760	34,445
French and non-official language	148,915	70,915	78,000	590	285	305
English, French and non-official language	69,315	33,465	35,850	1,340	655	680
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% dataCensus data footnote 20	34,767,255	17,101,165	17,666,080	1,307,170	654,005	653,170
None	29,615,245	14,612,175	15,003,065	1,112,425	559,130	553,295
English	2,109,340	1,045,215	1,064,120	79,240	39,665	39,575
French	731,095	342,245	388,855	14,810	6,920	7,890
Non-official language	2,151,690	1,023,940	1,127,750	97,025	46,415	50,605
Aboriginal	90,740	42,890	47,850	2,570	1,070	1,495
Non-Aboriginal	2,060,945	981,055	1,079,895	94,460	45,350	49,110
English and French	47,970	23,785	24,190	685	350	335
English and non-official language	61,075	30,045	31,030	1,870	975	895
French and non-official language	48,755	22,690	26,065	1,060	510	550
English, French and non-official language	2,080	1,075	1,010	50	25	20
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 21	28,642,980	13,990,620	14,652,355	1,054,615	525,585	529,030
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	27,488,530	13,444,335	14,044,190	1,004,255	500,995	503,265
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,204	40,782	28,860	43,900	55,986	34,288
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	27,499,185	13,449,010	14,050,175	1,004,495	501,035	503,465
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,866	35,933	26,621	38,900	47,853	31,301
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	24,583,315	12,296,595	12,286,725	933,730	477,775	455,950
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,762	39,925	26,613	43,516	55,575	33,224
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	19,743,240	8,755,815	10,987,430	594,350	239,370	354,980
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	5,453	4,199	6,136	3,919	3,476	4,103
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	20,428,685	10,547,760	9,880,925	816,225	428,235	387,990
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,684	39,836	28,474	44,571	56,058	34,888
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 22	28,643,015	13,990,430	14,652,585	1,054,635	525,710	528,925
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	27,489,395	13,441,555	14,047,845	1,004,765	501,080	503,685
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	47,487	56,740	38,632	60,781	76,732	44,913
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	27,500,230	13,446,230	14,053,995	1,005,025	501,130	503,900
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,977	45,404	32,828	49,500	60,958	38,105
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	24,584,065	12,295,015	12,289,055	933,685	477,415	456,270
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,885	56,803	36,962	60,855	76,948	44,016
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	19,742,130	8,752,070	10,990,060	594,040	239,135	354,905
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,738	7,345	8,050	7,157	7,162	7,153
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	20,428,670	10,542,540	9,886,130	816,225	427,160	389,065
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,057	54,369	37,193	57,609	71,072	42,828
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 23	28,643,015	13,990,430	14,652,585	1,054,635	525,710	528,930
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 24	9,367,045	5,231,015	4,136,035	382,260	219,385	162,870
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)Census data footnote 25	53,431	59,326	47,420	65,053	74,962	55,048
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)Census data footnote 26	65,997	74,289	55,510	78,434	90,605	62,040
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% dataCensus data footnote 27	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)Census data footnote 28	88.3	91.6	83.7	93.1	95.6	88.8
Employment income (%)Census data footnote 29	72.0	75.2	67.7	77.1	79.4	73.3
Government transfers (%)Census data footnote 30	11.7	8.4	16.3	6.9	4.4	11.2
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 31	28,642,980	13,990,620	14,652,360	1,054,615	525,585	529,030
Without total income	1,154,450	546,285	608,165	50,355	24,590	25,765
With total income	27,488,530	13,444,335	14,044,195	1,004,260	500,995	503,265
Percentage with total income	96.0	96.1	95.8	95.2	95.3	95.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,877,620	1,668,960	2,208,655	123,530	46,620	76,915
$10,000 to $19,999	4,680,380	1,867,600	2,812,785	124,650	47,170	77,480
$20,000 to $29,999	3,807,840	1,593,335	2,214,505	116,840	45,095	71,745
$30,000 to $39,999	3,206,175	1,472,670	1,733,510	99,035	42,010	57,025
$40,000 to $49,999	2,827,045	1,376,565	1,450,480	95,695	43,805	51,890
$50,000 to $59,999	2,179,775	1,145,685	1,034,090	85,705	42,195	43,515
$60,000 to $69,999	1,655,070	938,755	716,310	71,855	39,380	32,470
$70,000 to $79,999	1,271,850	745,830	526,015	58,140	34,740	23,395
$80,000 to $89,999	966,885	579,290	387,590	46,275	28,870	17,405
$90,000 to $99,999	749,290	452,240	297,050	39,810	24,790	15,015
$100,000 and over	2,266,600	1,603,400	663,195	142,725	106,320	36,410
$100,000 to $149,999	1,493,570	1,024,210	469,365	93,120	66,555	26,560
$150,000 and over	773,025	579,190	193,830	49,610	39,765	9,845
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 32	28,642,980	13,990,620	14,652,360	1,054,615	525,585	529,030
Without after-tax income	1,143,795	541,620	602,175	50,120	24,550	25,565
With after-tax income	27,499,185	13,449,010	14,050,175	1,004,495	501,035	503,460
Percentage with after-tax income	96.0	96.1	95.9	95.2	95.3	95.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,004,475	1,706,825	2,297,645	126,435	47,390	79,040
$10,000 to $19,999	4,905,055	1,972,920	2,932,130	130,460	49,510	80,950
$20,000 to $29,999	4,489,925	1,926,175	2,563,755	135,175	52,885	82,290
$30,000 to $39,999	3,924,960	1,870,705	2,054,250	124,095	55,060	69,035
$40,000 to $49,999	3,144,200	1,619,670	1,524,525	119,275	58,005	61,265
$50,000 to $59,999	2,209,280	1,245,570	963,705	96,830	53,195	43,630
$60,000 to $69,999	1,540,300	912,230	628,065	72,420	44,130	28,285
$70,000 to $79,999	1,076,180	654,570	421,610	55,695	35,055	20,635
$80,000 and over	2,204,820	1,540,335	664,485	144,115	105,795	38,325
$80,000 to $89,999	688,705	444,550	244,145	42,055	27,795	14,255
$90,000 to $99,999	420,975	291,090	129,885	27,800	19,845	7,955
$100,000 and over	1,095,140	804,690	290,445	74,260	58,150	16,115
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 33	28,642,980	13,990,625	14,652,360	1,054,615	525,585	529,030
Without employment income	8,214,295	3,442,860	4,771,430	238,390	97,350	141,040
With employment income	20,428,690	10,547,760	9,880,925	816,225	428,235	387,990
Percentage with employment income	71.3	75.4	67.4	77.4	81.5	73.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,778,990	1,357,430	1,421,560	82,765	36,685	46,080
$5,000 to $9,999	1,602,140	697,025	905,120	53,035	21,765	31,270
$10,000 to $19,999	2,736,010	1,212,855	1,523,155	88,955	36,670	52,285
$20,000 to $29,999	2,293,785	1,022,090	1,271,695	75,155	30,800	44,350
$30,000 to $39,999	2,149,860	1,001,065	1,148,795	73,780	32,515	41,260
$40,000 to $49,999	1,928,565	946,625	981,940	74,200	34,450	39,755
$50,000 to $59,999	1,554,100	839,045	715,055	69,110	34,275	34,830
$60,000 to $69,999	1,220,310	708,270	512,040	57,935	32,290	25,650
$70,000 to $79,999	992,170	591,945	400,225	48,400	29,725	18,675
$80,000 and over	3,172,770	2,171,415	1,001,355	192,895	139,065	53,830
$80,000 to $89,999	773,755	475,700	298,055	39,340	25,230	14,105
$90,000 to $99,999	623,980	382,330	241,650	35,535	22,345	13,185
$100,000 and over	1,775,030	1,313,385	461,645	118,020	91,490	26,535
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% dataCensus data footnote 34	14,072,080	...	...	502,145	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	70,336	...	...	94,447	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	61,348	...	...	80,578	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	3,969,790	...	...	123,655	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	35,174	...	...	49,127	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,446	...	...	42,360	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	10,102,290	...	...	378,490	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	88,249	...	...	113,082	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	76,419	...	...	95,922	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 35	14,072,075	...	...	502,145	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	92,764	...	...	121,620	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	76,171	...	...	99,074	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	3,967,765	...	...	123,645	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	46,799	...	...	61,906	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	38,685	...	...	50,502	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	10,104,315	...	...	378,500	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	110,813	...	...	141,127	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	90,890	...	...	114,941	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 36	14,072,075	...	...	502,145	...	...
Under $5,000	228,790	...	...	7,130	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	200,315	...	...	4,390	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	374,575	...	...	6,090	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	565,940	...	...	10,650	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	602,800	...	...	15,975	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	538,710	...	...	12,650	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	603,480	...	...	13,375	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	606,600	...	...	14,710	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	596,110	...	...	14,890	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	578,325	...	...	15,225	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,097,345	...	...	31,270	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,010,415	...	...	31,800	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	924,320	...	...	30,885	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	836,765	...	...	29,315	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	745,655	...	...	28,300	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,561,920	...	...	235,480	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,470,255	...	...	62,155	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,016,245	...	...	49,070	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,116,140	...	...	63,025	...	...
$200,000 and over	959,285	...	...	61,235	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 32	14,072,075	...	...	502,145	...	...
Under $5,000	243,780	...	...	7,570	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	203,865	...	...	4,475	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	380,680	...	...	6,245	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	591,660	...	...	11,130	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	673,740	...	...	17,110	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	628,225	...	...	14,425	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	719,825	...	...	16,045	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	725,675	...	...	17,890	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	711,180	...	...	18,790	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	691,695	...	...	19,570	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,299,680	...	...	39,790	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,169,515	...	...	38,620	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,041,635	...	...	37,325	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	900,055	...	...	35,490	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	757,295	...	...	32,000	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,333,575	...	...	185,655	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,371,945	...	...	65,440	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	809,540	...	...	45,315	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,152,090	...	...	74,900	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 37	9,688,845	...	...	356,945	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	88,306	...	...	112,017	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	76,372	...	...	94,936	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	3,706,220	...	...	126,600	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	78,976	...	...	104,291	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	68,309	...	...	88,163	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	4,222,140	...	...	166,230	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	113,465	...	...	135,226	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	96,608	...	...	113,369	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.0	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,481,410	...	...	51,255	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	53,193	...	...	65,372	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	48,856	...	...	58,846	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 38	9,689,855	...	...	356,770	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	111,235	...	...	141,238	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	91,040	...	...	114,746	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	3,706,400	...	...	126,555	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	101,086	...	...	137,211	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	82,296	...	...	110,306	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	4,225,855	...	...	166,280	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	137,094	...	...	164,710	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	111,307	...	...	133,356	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,477,190	...	...	51,105	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	65,549	...	...	79,925	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	56,687	...	...	68,464	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 21	5,313,545	2,608,845	2,704,705	195,755	104,590	91,160
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)Census data footnote 39	31,890	34,483	29,801	43,174	48,152	38,175
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)Census data footnote 39	28,959	30,746	27,495	38,035	41,552	34,433
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 40	5,299,050	2,596,985	2,702,070	195,565	104,575	90,990
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)Census data footnote 41	42,939	46,085	39,915	54,619	59,975	48,463
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)Census data footnote 41	35,801	37,724	33,952	45,054	48,572	41,012
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 42	34,460,065	16,971,550	17,488,515	1,297,280	649,640	647,635
In the bottom half of the distribution	17,229,835	8,256,970	8,972,865	481,165	231,525	249,645
In the bottom decile	3,445,950	1,672,900	1,773,050	92,850	45,260	47,590
In the second decile	3,445,660	1,564,965	1,880,700	85,520	38,920	46,600
In the third decile	3,446,165	1,641,930	1,804,235	91,520	43,370	48,145
In the fourth decile	3,445,850	1,677,120	1,768,730	100,245	48,930	51,320
In the fifth decile	3,446,210	1,700,060	1,746,150	111,030	55,040	55,990
In the top half of the distribution	17,230,230	8,714,580	8,515,650	816,110	418,120	397,995
In the sixth decile	3,445,695	1,716,510	1,729,185	121,550	60,470	61,085
In the seventh decile	3,446,470	1,730,975	1,715,500	134,300	67,770	66,525
In the eighth decile	3,445,940	1,741,640	1,704,300	153,240	78,455	74,790
In the ninth decile	3,446,045	1,751,850	1,694,195	182,320	93,660	88,655
In the top decile	3,446,080	1,773,600	1,672,475	224,700	117,765	106,940
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% dataCensus data footnote 43	33,968,295	16,724,265	17,244,035	1,292,885	647,435	645,450
0 to 17 years	6,836,380	3,504,250	3,332,125	285,260	146,015	139,250
0 to 5 years	2,228,770	1,142,505	1,086,270	101,220	51,610	49,615
18 to 64 years	21,695,090	10,690,090	11,005,005	860,170	432,525	427,645
65 years and over	5,436,830	2,529,930	2,906,905	147,455	68,895	78,560
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	4,809,940	2,243,200	2,566,740	119,950	56,360	63,585
0 to 17 years	1,163,830	597,570	566,255	37,730	19,310	18,420
0 to 5 years	396,095	203,055	193,030	14,275	7,295	6,975
18 to 64 years	2,855,290	1,341,590	1,513,700	70,850	32,915	37,930
65 years and over	790,825	304,040	486,780	11,370	4,135	7,240
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.2	13.4	14.9	9.3	8.7	9.9
0 to 17 years (%)	17.0	17.1	17.0	13.2	13.2	13.2
0 to 5 years (%)	17.8	17.8	17.8	14.1	14.1	14.1
18 to 64 years (%)	13.2	12.5	13.8	8.2	7.6	8.9
65 years and over (%)	14.5	12.0	16.7	7.7	6.0	9.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,128,995	1,519,370	1,609,630	103,445	50,315	53,135
0 to 17 years	696,025	357,255	338,770	29,130	14,860	14,270
0 to 5 years	236,435	121,170	115,260	11,105	5,670	5,440
18 to 64 years	2,157,745	1,057,585	1,100,160	68,795	33,340	35,455
65 years and over	275,225	104,525	170,695	5,525	2,115	3,415
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	9.2	9.1	9.3	8.0	7.8	8.2
0 to 17 years (%)	10.2	10.2	10.2	10.2	10.2	10.2
0 to 5 years (%)	10.6	10.6	10.6	11.0	11.0	11.0
18 to 64 years (%)	9.9	9.9	10.0	8.0	7.7	8.3
65 years and over (%)	5.1	4.1	5.9	3.7	3.1	4.3
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 44	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485	1,297,275	649,640	647,635
Official languages	33,818,210	16,709,290	17,108,920	1,276,935	641,480	635,460
English	29,748,265	14,806,270	14,941,995	1,275,260	640,765	634,500
French	10,242,945	4,952,455	5,290,495	96,065	45,030	51,035
Non-official languages	9,369,280	4,488,185	4,881,090	398,035	193,550	204,490
Aboriginal languages	263,845	127,550	136,295	4,990	2,095	2,895
Algonquian languages	177,570	85,505	92,065	4,185	1,695	2,495
Blackfoot	5,645	2,695	2,950	40	10	30
Cree-Montagnais languages	116,585	56,515	60,070	4,005	1,625	2,380
Atikamekw	6,640	3,335	3,305	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	11,440	5,500	5,945	0	0	0
Moose Cree	195	80	115	25	10	15
Naskapi	1,465	710	755	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	545	225	320	10	0	10
Plains Cree	5,905	2,705	3,200	965	360	600
Southern East Cree	40	30	10	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	2,345	995	1,350	30	15	15
Woods Cree	2,665	1,230	1,435	260	125	135
Cree, n.o.s.	86,115	42,080	44,035	2,720	1,110	1,610
Eastern Algonquian languages	9,765	4,710	5,050	10	0	0
Malecite	755	370	390	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	9,025	4,350	4,670	0	10	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	46,685	22,100	24,585	170	60	110
Algonquin	2,480	1,165	1,315	0	0	0
Ojibway	28,585	13,365	15,220	165	60	105
Oji-Cree	15,610	7,575	8,030	0	10	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	205	105	105	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	120	60	60	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	23,655	11,340	12,320	325	135	190
Northern Athabaskan languages	23,570	11,300	12,265	325	130	190
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	210	105	100	10	0	0
Beaver	340	180	165	10	0	0
Carrier	2,105	955	1,145	30	10	25
Chilcotin	1,150	535	610	10	10	0
Dene	13,060	6,270	6,790	215	80	135
Dogrib (Tlicho)	2,375	1,210	1,165	45	20	20
Gwich'in	360	165	200	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	150	60	90	0	0	0
Sekani	185	85	100	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	2,815	1,340	1,475	30	20	10
North Slavey (Hare)	1,010	475	530	15	10	0
South Slavey	1,365	660	710	10	10	10
Slavey, n.o.s.	680	320	360	10	0	0
Tahltan languages	630	340	285	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	365	205	170	0	0	0
Tahltan	270	140	130	10	0	0
Tutchone languages	420	160	260	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	285	115	170	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	145	50	95	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	85	35	50	0	0	0
Haida	465	205	260	10	0	0
Inuit languages	42,980	21,355	21,630	65	30	35
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	1,975	895	1,080	15	0	15
Inuktitut	40,620	20,280	20,340	30	10	20
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	470	225	240	25	20	0
Iroquoian languages	2,800	1,240	1,555	10	10	0
Cayuga	125	40	85	0	0	0
Mohawk	2,415	1,120	1,295	0	0	0
Oneida	180	60	125	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	115	45	75	0	0	0
Kutenai	175	95	80	0	0	0
Michif	1,210	585	625	50	30	20
Salish languages	5,750	2,730	3,015	30	15	15
Comox	185	75	110	0	0	0
Halkomelem	1,060	475	585	10	10	10
Lillooet	790	405	385	0	0	0
Okanagan	820	370	450	10	10	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	1,305	640	665	10	0	0
Squamish	285	125	155	0	0	0
Straits	360	160	200	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	450	220	235	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	565	295	270	0	0	0
Siouan languages	5,430	2,665	2,770	400	215	185
Dakota	1,760	870	890	135	75	60
Stoney	3,675	1,805	1,875	280	150	130
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	140	70	70	0	0	0
Tlingit	260	140	120	10	0	0
Tsimshian languages	2,730	1,350	1,380	20	10	10
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	1,305	645	660	0	0	0
Nisga'a	1,060	545	515	15	10	10
Tsimshian	410	180	235	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	1,490	680	805	10	0	0
Haisla	175	65	110	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	125	50	75	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	605	285	320	10	10	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	565	265	300	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	30	20	10	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	665	310	360	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	9,107,075	4,361,420	4,745,660	393,190	191,520	201,665
Afro-Asiatic languages	837,355	432,560	404,795	44,810	23,235	21,575
Berber languages	29,460	15,745	13,715	205	105	95
Kabyle	17,120	9,100	8,015	80	45	40
Berber languages, n.i.e.	12,505	6,735	5,775	120	60	60
Cushitic languages	57,125	26,870	30,250	9,800	4,985	4,815
Bilen	1,085	625	470	240	140	100
Oromo	6,245	3,070	3,175	1,205	645	560
Somali	49,665	23,070	26,590	8,395	4,225	4,180
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	480	220	265	30	10	20
Semitic languages	771,130	400,780	370,350	35,985	18,775	17,210
Amharic	33,670	16,675	16,995	4,090	2,080	2,010
Arabic	629,055	329,235	299,820	28,265	14,885	13,380
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	19,745	9,720	10,020	70	35	35
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	7,115	3,505	3,610	20	20	0
Harari	1,710	855	860	235	95	140
Hebrew	75,020	38,730	36,290	1,460	760	700
Maltese	7,625	3,760	3,870	75	40	35
Tigrigna	21,340	10,640	10,705	3,130	1,590	1,545
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	3,220	1,655	1,565	160	85	75
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	2,775	1,440	1,335	150	90	65
Austro-Asiatic languages	224,865	105,845	119,020	12,855	6,000	6,860
Khmer (Cambodian)	27,035	12,640	14,400	1,100	530	575
Vietnamese	198,895	93,735	105,155	11,805	5,500	6,305
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	190	70	120	10	0	10
Austronesian languages	656,200	273,075	383,125	53,440	23,390	30,055
Bikol	2,075	885	1,190	75	40	35
Cebuano	27,045	10,960	16,085	2,505	1,115	1,385
Fijian	1,660	955	705	140	85	60
Hiligaynon	7,925	3,200	4,720	515	215	300
Ilocano	34,530	13,805	20,730	2,415	1,020	1,400
Malagasy	2,335	1,120	1,220	15	0	10
Malay	22,470	10,370	12,100	1,240	560	680
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5,425	2,445	2,980	525	240	285
Pangasinan	1,800	790	1,015	170	75	100
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	612,735	253,210	359,530	50,715	22,130	28,585
Waray-Waray	1,395	530	860	105	30	70
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5,585	2,540	3,040	425	175	245
Creole languages	155,615	70,545	85,070	2,150	1,150	1,000
Haitian Creole	6,850	3,140	3,710	115	60	50
Creole, n.o.s.	133,045	59,890	73,160	1,285	710	575
Creole languages, n.i.e.	16,635	7,955	8,675	765	385	385
Dravidian languages	250,180	126,220	123,960	8,940	4,710	4,230
Kannada	8,245	4,180	4,065	385	185	195
Malayalam	37,810	19,410	18,400	4,555	2,345	2,210
Tamil	189,860	94,640	95,220	3,170	1,720	1,445
Telugu	23,160	12,770	10,390	1,365	730	635
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	790	385	405	60	35	25
Hmong-Mien languages	870	435	435	30	15	10
Indo-European languages	5,158,010	2,506,455	2,651,555	195,195	96,900	98,295
Albanian	31,930	16,140	15,790	880	490	395
Armenian	41,295	19,980	21,315	200	75	125
Balto-Slavic languages	817,315	384,960	432,350	40,105	18,935	21,170
Baltic languages	14,675	6,470	8,205	545	255	285
Latvian	6,500	2,960	3,540	250	120	130
Lithuanian	8,185	3,510	4,675	295	130	160
Slavic languages	805,915	379,965	425,945	39,780	18,780	21,000
Belarusan	2,265	1,070	1,195	115	60	55
Bosnian	18,265	9,055	9,215	1,135	545	590
Bulgarian	22,425	10,920	11,505	545	270	275
Croatian	69,840	34,515	35,325	2,810	1,550	1,265
Czech	28,720	13,675	15,050	1,045	445	600
Macedonian	23,075	11,190	11,880	230	110	125
Polish	214,965	99,365	115,600	11,325	5,560	5,760
Russian	269,645	127,055	142,595	9,250	4,365	4,885
Serbian	73,775	37,040	36,740	2,480	1,200	1,280
Serbo-Croatian	11,275	5,525	5,750	445	210	230
Slovak	21,470	10,215	11,255	750	400	345
Slovene (Slovenian)	11,495	5,205	6,290	285	135	145
Ukrainian	132,115	58,820	73,300	14,420	6,245	8,175
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	3,000	1,590	1,405	110	60	50
Celtic languages	9,165	4,705	4,455	430	245	190
Scottish Gaelic	3,980	2,010	1,975	155	70	90
Welsh	1,690	830	860	100	60	40
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	3,590	1,915	1,680	190	110	75
Germanic languages	695,535	337,215	358,320	28,550	14,065	14,485
Afrikaans	23,410	11,795	11,610	1,220	605	615
Danish	15,745	7,320	8,425	775	375	405
Dutch	120,865	57,885	62,990	4,835	2,335	2,500
Frisian	2,910	1,515	1,395	95	60	35
German	502,730	245,745	256,985	20,990	10,505	10,490
Icelandic	1,780	830	945	55	20	35
Norwegian	8,120	3,860	4,260	450	195	260
Swedish	14,140	6,510	7,635	580	270	310
Vlaams (Flemish)	4,400	1,945	2,455	85	35	50
Yiddish	20,985	10,435	10,550	70	40	30
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	8,710	4,425	4,285	20	15	0
Greek	150,965	75,510	75,455	1,580	790	790
Indo-Iranian languages	1,658,220	840,850	817,365	79,030	40,725	38,305
Indo-Aryan languages	1,387,805	704,370	683,435	72,275	37,165	35,110
Bengali	91,220	46,935	44,285	2,815	1,485	1,330
Gujarati	149,045	74,765	74,285	7,510	3,745	3,770
Hindi	433,365	221,665	211,700	27,470	14,320	13,145
Kashmiri	905	490	420	60	30	25
Konkani	6,790	3,185	3,605	165	75	95
Marathi	15,570	8,200	7,365	845	470	375
Nepali	21,380	10,915	10,470	1,975	1,060	905
Oriya (Odia)	1,535	755	775	105	55	45
Punjabi (Panjabi)	668,240	341,450	326,790	36,190	18,665	17,525
Sindhi	20,260	9,310	10,945	1,740	800	935
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	27,825	13,970	13,855	1,830	940	890
Urdu	322,220	164,685	157,535	12,275	6,370	5,910
Iranian languages	281,715	142,030	139,680	7,255	3,805	3,455
Kurdish	15,290	8,290	7,000	855	520	335
Pashto	23,180	12,465	10,715	810	445	370
Persian (Farsi)	252,320	126,565	125,755	5,815	2,990	2,825
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	8,875	4,715	4,155	475	265	210
Italic (Romance) languages	1,897,630	898,530	999,100	49,030	23,975	25,060
Catalan	2,035	1,145	890	75	45	35
Italian	574,725	278,500	296,225	8,390	4,190	4,200
Portuguese	295,955	144,465	151,485	6,100	3,005	3,095
Romanian	115,050	55,275	59,770	3,015	1,545	1,465
Spanish	995,255	460,250	535,010	33,180	16,040	17,140
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	2,680	1,610	1,075	90	45	50
Japanese	83,090	36,760	46,335	2,540	1,110	1,435
Kartvelian languages	2,150	1,075	1,075	60	25	35
Georgian	2,150	1,080	1,070	65	25	35
Korean	172,755	80,170	92,590	7,175	3,385	3,795
Mongolic languages	2,090	960	1,130	145	65	80
Mongolian	2,090	960	1,130	145	65	80
Niger-Congo languages	177,215	88,135	89,080	13,245	6,720	6,525
Akan (Twi)	22,145	10,810	11,340	1,435	710	725
Bamanankan	3,190	1,660	1,530	35	15	20
Edo	3,220	1,510	1,705	285	140	145
Ewe	3,000	1,685	1,315	155	85	70
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	4,725	2,460	2,260	160	80	80
Ga	2,250	1,140	1,110	195	105	95
Ganda	2,495	1,175	1,320	430	210	220
Igbo	8,850	4,710	4,140	600	330	275
Lingala	17,010	7,865	9,145	750	375	375
Rundi (Kirundi)	8,590	4,075	4,515	600	285	315
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	7,860	3,600	4,260	905	485	425
Shona	5,425	2,530	2,905	1,025	500	525
Swahili	38,680	19,565	19,115	3,530	1,865	1,670
Wolof	8,240	4,455	3,785	220	135	90
Yoruba	22,420	11,475	10,940	1,600	835	765
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	40,760	20,375	20,385	3,300	1,620	1,690
Nilo-Saharan languages	7,015	3,520	3,495	940	465	475
Dinka	2,475	1,280	1,190	570	265	305
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	4,555	2,240	2,315	370	200	170
Sign languages	48,115	18,985	29,130	2,730	1,055	1,675
American Sign Language	21,930	7,780	14,155	1,545	560	980
Quebec Sign Language	4,665	1,665	3,005	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	22,275	9,835	12,440	1,195	500	700
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,430,440	672,100	758,340	55,160	26,590	28,570
Chinese languages	1,413,110	663,465	749,640	54,310	26,145	28,165
Cantonese	699,125	325,840	373,285	28,755	13,710	15,040
Hakka	12,445	5,555	6,890	700	310	400
Mandarin	814,450	377,635	436,815	28,210	13,450	14,760
Min Dong	1,045	440	600	25	10	15
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	42,840	19,005	23,835	1,605	715	890
Wu (Shanghainese)	16,530	7,490	9,040	260	120	135
Chinese, n.o.s.	41,690	19,995	21,690	2,405	1,200	1,205
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	590	250	340	45	20	25
Tibeto-Burman languages	18,270	9,100	9,175	875	455	415
Burmese	4,995	2,490	2,500	240	125	110
Karenic languages	4,895	2,425	2,475	475	245	230
Tibetan	7,050	3,555	3,490	45	25	20
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	2,375	1,160	1,220	175	100	75
Tai-Kadai languages	30,400	13,210	17,195	1,315	525	795
Lao	17,235	8,240	8,990	580	270	310
Thai	15,390	5,875	9,520	830	270	560
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	115	50	65	15	10	10
Turkic languages	60,530	31,585	28,945	2,910	1,615	1,290
Azerbaijani	5,450	2,885	2,565	250	135	110
Turkish	50,775	26,605	24,165	2,380	1,335	1,045
Uyghur	1,385	685	700	145	70	75
Uzbek	2,465	1,230	1,235	150	75	70
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	1,870	905	965	70	25	40
Uralic languages	94,810	44,270	50,545	2,320	1,115	1,205
Estonian	6,070	2,750	3,315	40	25	15
Finnish	17,595	7,540	10,050	415	165	245
Hungarian	71,285	34,005	37,280	1,875	920	950
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	9,730	5,375	4,355	700	395	300
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 45	34,460,065	16,971,580	17,488,490	1,297,275	649,640	647,635
Canadian citizensCensus data footnote 46	32,034,590	15,799,495	16,235,090	1,162,900	583,130	579,770
Canadian citizens aged under 18	6,652,795	3,412,785	3,240,010	264,740	135,520	129,225
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	25,381,795	12,386,710	12,995,080	898,160	447,610	450,550
Not Canadian citizensCensus data footnote 47	2,425,480	1,172,085	1,253,400	134,375	66,510	67,865
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 48	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485	1,297,280	649,640	647,635
Non-immigrantsCensus data footnote 49	26,412,610	13,124,325	13,288,290	960,305	484,015	476,290
ImmigrantsCensus data footnote 50	7,540,830	3,586,495	3,954,330	308,605	150,860	157,745
Before 1981	1,941,510	927,795	1,013,715	61,135	30,555	30,580
1981 to 1990	915,555	439,245	476,310	34,055	16,640	17,415
1991 to 2000	1,486,655	696,720	789,940	46,805	21,960	24,845
2001 to 2010	1,985,035	940,570	1,044,465	88,085	43,340	44,750
2001 to 2005	928,935	439,890	489,050	36,515	17,855	18,665
2006 to 2010	1,056,095	500,680	555,415	51,570	25,480	26,085
2011 to 2016Census data footnote 51	1,212,075	582,175	629,895	78,520	38,360	40,160
Non-permanent residentsCensus data footnote 52	506,625	260,755	245,870	28,370	14,770	13,600
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 53	7,540,830	3,586,500	3,954,335	308,605	150,860	157,745
Under 5 years	731,340	364,165	367,175	29,350	15,180	14,170
5 to 14 years	1,311,810	665,870	645,945	53,495	27,785	25,715
15 to 24 years	1,604,430	724,430	880,005	63,385	29,075	34,315
25 to 44 years	3,198,920	1,513,970	1,684,950	137,060	67,050	70,010
45 years and over	694,320	318,060	376,260	25,310	11,775	13,535
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 54	7,540,830	3,586,495	3,954,330	308,605	150,860	157,745
Americas	1,128,745	510,650	618,100	31,610	15,195	16,420
Brazil	29,320	13,235	16,080	800	330	475
Colombia	70,035	32,065	37,965	2,610	1,305	1,305
El Salvador	48,080	23,865	24,215	3,055	1,550	1,500
Guyana	87,685	38,940	48,745	1,405	625	785
Haiti	93,480	40,955	52,525	540	305	240
Jamaica	138,345	59,960	78,390	2,795	1,265	1,530
Mexico	80,585	37,530	43,055	2,440	1,235	1,205
Peru	29,615	12,950	16,665	555	215	335
Trinidad and Tobago	65,040	29,325	35,710	1,630	805	830
United StatesCensus data footnote 55	253,715	113,505	140,215	8,605	4,020	4,590
Other places of birth in Americas	232,850	108,325	124,530	7,175	3,540	3,635
Europe	2,088,410	1,015,145	1,073,260	65,660	32,670	32,985
Bosnia and Herzegovina	36,135	18,050	18,085	1,945	995	950
Croatia	40,045	20,005	20,035	1,430	770	665
France	105,565	55,395	50,170	785	345	435
Germany	145,845	69,525	76,320	7,140	3,550	3,585
Greece	62,715	31,580	31,135	655	370	285
Hungary	36,820	17,945	18,875	975	480	490
IrelandCensus data footnote 56	28,325	14,355	13,970	1,520	815	700
Italy	236,640	118,595	118,040	3,520	1,900	1,625
Netherlands	88,475	45,185	43,295	3,830	2,020	1,805
Poland	146,465	66,450	80,020	8,005	3,870	4,135
Portugal	139,450	68,150	71,300	2,575	1,265	1,305
Romania	90,305	42,795	47,510	2,335	1,185	1,150
Russian Federation	78,685	34,265	44,420	2,330	1,000	1,330
SerbiaCensus data footnote 57	33,320	16,325	17,000	880	395	490
Ukraine	73,030	33,360	39,665	3,765	1,650	2,120
United KingdomCensus data footnote 58	499,115	243,225	255,890	16,875	8,615	8,260
Other places of birth in Europe	247,470	119,945	127,530	7,100	3,440	3,660
Africa	637,485	322,510	314,970	37,200	19,240	17,955
Algeria	64,620	33,920	30,705	385	195	185
Egypt	64,615	34,125	30,495	2,055	1,155	900
Ethiopia	32,790	15,980	16,810	4,015	2,050	1,970
Kenya	27,150	12,810	14,340	1,995	1,025	975
Morocco	69,655	36,120	33,535	805	495	305
Nigeria	42,430	21,830	20,600	3,255	1,735	1,525
Somalia	27,230	12,070	15,160	4,585	2,255	2,335
South Africa, Republic of	44,660	22,205	22,460	2,250	1,070	1,180
Other places of birth in Africa	264,320	133,450	130,870	17,845	9,260	8,585
Asia	3,629,160	1,709,985	1,919,175	169,900	81,640	88,255
Afghanistan	51,955	26,030	25,930	1,490	770	725
Bangladesh	58,735	29,875	28,865	1,615	810	810
ChinaCensus data footnote 59	649,260	290,800	358,460	19,705	9,025	10,680
Hong KongCensus data footnote 60	208,940	98,020	110,915	7,355	3,555	3,800
India	668,565	334,030	334,540	38,830	19,850	18,980
IranCensus data footnote 61	154,425	77,970	76,455	2,720	1,440	1,280
Iraq	68,485	34,785	33,705	2,100	1,140	955
Japan	27,240	7,955	19,285	690	195	490
Korea, SouthCensus data footnote 62	123,305	57,170	66,140	4,980	2,345	2,640
Lebanon	88,745	47,295	41,450	5,055	2,755	2,295
Pakistan	202,260	103,225	99,035	8,255	4,245	4,010
Philippines	588,305	247,095	341,210	45,400	19,900	25,500
Sri Lanka	131,995	64,825	67,170	2,125	1,050	1,070
SyriaCensus data footnote 63	52,960	26,595	26,365	2,015	1,090	920
Taiwan	63,770	28,170	35,605	1,030	445	585
Viet Nam	169,250	78,000	91,250	10,425	4,865	5,555
Other places of birth in Asia	320,965	158,150	162,815	16,130	8,165	7,965
Oceania and other places of birthCensus data footnote 64	57,030	28,210	28,825	4,235	2,110	2,125
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 54	1,212,075	582,180	629,895	78,520	38,360	40,160
Americas	152,595	72,870	79,720	5,875	2,765	3,110
Brazil	8,500	4,000	4,490	270	110	160
Colombia	15,300	6,885	8,415	575	235	335
Cuba	5,370	2,545	2,820	250	115	135
Haiti	19,985	9,160	10,830	180	100	75
Jamaica	12,495	6,680	5,820	685	290	390
Mexico	18,660	9,090	9,575	975	505	465
United StatesCensus data footnote 55	33,060	16,480	16,580	1,485	680	810
VenezuelaCensus data footnote 65	6,425	2,990	3,435	230	90	140
Other places of birth in Americas	32,790	15,040	17,750	1,230	640	595
Europe	140,030	70,995	69,035	7,310	3,745	3,565
France	24,150	13,000	11,150	105	55	50
Germany	6,300	3,255	3,045	520	295	225
IrelandCensus data footnote 56	5,660	3,540	2,120	535	330	205
MoldovaCensus data footnote 66	5,900	2,735	3,165	210	90	120
Romania	7,610	3,330	4,280	375	175	200
Russian Federation	11,565	4,485	7,080	440	165	275
Ukraine	13,425	6,015	7,410	905	415	485
United KingdomCensus data footnote 58	24,445	14,235	10,215	1,855	1,035	820
Other places of birth in Europe	40,970	20,405	20,570	2,365	1,185	1,180
Africa	162,800	81,545	81,245	11,805	5,980	5,825
Algeria	17,175	8,440	8,735	40	15	30
Cameroon	10,265	5,005	5,255	375	180	195
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	7,400	3,570	3,835	525	250	275
Côte d'Ivoire	6,240	3,030	3,210	285	130	155
Egypt	16,115	8,445	7,665	745	410	335
Eritrea	6,050	3,195	2,855	990	520	475
Ethiopia	7,510	3,625	3,890	1,225	630	595
Morocco	15,105	7,470	7,635	245	145	100
Nigeria	17,285	8,850	8,435	1,565	830	735
Somalia	5,335	2,600	2,730	1,390	685	705
South Africa, Republic of	5,765	2,935	2,830	500	245	250
Tunisia	6,700	3,475	3,230	155	80	80
Other places of birth in Africa	41,855	20,905	20,950	3,760	1,865	1,895
Asia	748,700	352,095	396,610	52,810	25,490	27,315
Afghanistan	9,240	4,530	4,710	225	115	105
Bangladesh	12,900	6,445	6,460	555	265	290
ChinaCensus data footnote 59	129,020	57,745	71,270	3,685	1,650	2,030
Hong KongCensus data footnote 60	4,975	2,090	2,880	310	110	200
India	147,190	75,145	72,045	13,565	7,090	6,475
IranCensus data footnote 61	42,070	20,580	21,490	890	475	410
Iraq	20,665	10,345	10,320	705	360	340
Israel	4,740	2,615	2,130	250	130	120
Japan	4,905	1,250	3,655	190	60	130
Korea, SouthCensus data footnote 62	21,710	9,630	12,075	1,500	745	750
Lebanon	9,375	4,980	4,400	785	400	390
Nepal	7,505	3,780	3,715	1,095	580	515
Pakistan	41,480	20,530	20,945	1,980	990	990
Philippines	188,810	83,050	105,760	21,500	9,800	11,705
Saudi Arabia	5,465	2,820	2,640	375	215	165
Sri Lanka	11,495	5,190	6,305	760	365	395
SyriaCensus data footnote 63	29,945	15,245	14,700	1,390	745	650
Taiwan	4,310	1,685	2,625	130	40	85
Turkey	4,255	2,365	1,890	220	135	85
United Arab Emirates	6,135	3,220	2,910	310	170	140
Viet Nam	11,210	4,500	6,705	760	295	465
Other places of birth in Asia	31,320	14,345	16,970	1,635	750	885
Oceania and otherCensus data footnote 64	7,955	4,670	3,280	725	380	345
Australia	4,965	2,950	2,010	270	145	130
Other places of birthCensus data footnote 67	2,990	1,720	1,270	445	235	215
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 68	34,460,060	16,971,575	17,488,485	1,297,275	649,640	647,635
First generationCensus data footnote 69	8,219,555	3,936,045	4,283,505	343,870	169,145	174,730
Second generationCensus data footnote 70	6,100,725	3,053,075	3,047,650	256,420	128,705	127,720
Third generation or moreCensus data footnote 71	20,139,790	9,982,460	10,157,330	696,980	351,795	345,185
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 72	5,703,615	2,709,530	2,994,085	252,335	122,790	129,540
Economic immigrantsCensus data footnote 73	2,994,130	1,496,240	1,497,885	135,795	68,725	67,070
Principal applicantsCensus data footnote 74	1,220,755	755,370	465,380	55,155	34,145	21,010
Secondary applicantsCensus data footnote 75	1,773,380	740,870	1,032,510	80,640	34,580	46,055
Immigrants sponsored by familyCensus data footnote 76	1,782,490	728,085	1,054,400	72,525	30,020	42,510
RefugeesCensus data footnote 77	858,845	453,675	405,175	42,345	23,175	19,175
Other immigrantsCensus data footnote 78	68,145	31,530	36,615	1,665	875	790
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 79	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485	1,297,275	649,640	647,635
Aboriginal identityCensus data footnote 80	1,673,785	813,520	860,265	76,205	36,170	40,035
Single Aboriginal responsesCensus data footnote 81	1,629,805	792,970	836,835	74,435	35,370	39,065
First Nations (North American Indian)Census data footnote 82	977,235	471,510	505,725	33,885	15,790	18,100
Métis	587,545	289,435	298,115	39,435	19,000	20,435
Inuk (Inuit)	65,030	32,030	32,995	1,110	580	530
Multiple Aboriginal responsesCensus data footnote 83	21,310	10,165	11,145	1,075	500	570
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhereCensus data footnote 84	22,670	10,385	12,290	700	295	400
Non-Aboriginal identity	32,786,280	16,158,060	16,628,225	1,221,075	613,475	607,600
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 85	34,460,065	16,971,580	17,488,490	1,297,280	649,645	647,635
Registered or Treaty IndianCensus data footnote 86	820,120	395,670	424,445	29,615	13,585	16,030
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	33,639,945	16,575,905	17,064,040	1,267,670	636,060	631,605
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 87	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,490	1,297,280	649,640	647,635
Aboriginal ancestry (only)Census data footnote 88	727,790	356,970	370,815	23,305	10,870	12,430
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)Census data footnote 89	709,235	347,985	361,245	22,255	10,400	11,860
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestryCensus data footnote 82	573,215	280,040	293,180	15,970	7,440	8,535
Métis single ancestry	91,255	45,740	45,515	6,005	2,830	3,175
Inuit single ancestry	44,765	22,210	22,555	280	130	150
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)Census data footnote 90	18,555	8,985	9,565	1,045	475	570
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	15,140	7,305	7,835	960	430	535
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	2,470	1,205	1,265	50	25	20
Métis and Inuit ancestries	770	390	380	30	15	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	170	85	85	10	0	10
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestriesCensus data footnote 91	1,402,735	669,710	733,025	66,565	32,100	34,460
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestriesCensus data footnote 92	1,347,610	644,210	703,400	63,030	30,555	32,475
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	881,455	418,215	463,235	34,275	16,480	17,800
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	441,000	213,940	227,065	27,760	13,530	14,230
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	25,155	12,045	13,105	990	550	440
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestriesCensus data footnote 93	55,125	25,505	29,625	3,535	1,545	1,990
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	49,325	22,740	26,585	3,275	1,425	1,845
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	3,470	1,655	1,815	140	70	70
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,005	940	1,065	110	40	65
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	325	170	160	10	10	10
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)Census data footnote 94	32,329,545	15,944,900	16,384,645	1,207,410	606,670	600,745
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 95	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485	1,297,280	649,640	647,635
Total visible minority populationCensus data footnote 96	7,674,580	3,725,090	3,949,495	363,990	180,610	183,380
South AsianCensus data footnote 97	1,924,635	977,690	946,945	91,420	47,190	44,225
Chinese	1,577,060	746,400	830,665	60,200	29,265	30,935
Black	1,198,540	580,070	618,475	57,820	29,685	28,135
Filipino	780,125	341,800	438,330	61,040	27,535	33,505
Latin American	447,325	215,460	231,860	18,755	9,525	9,230
Arab	523,235	276,425	246,810	25,505	13,610	11,895
Southeast AsianCensus data footnote 98	313,260	148,880	164,385	17,270	8,265	9,005
West AsianCensus data footnote 99	264,305	133,475	130,825	6,750	3,480	3,270
Korean	188,710	89,110	99,600	7,585	3,635	3,955
Japanese	92,920	40,105	52,815	2,470	975	1,495
Visible minority, n.i.e.Census data footnote 100	132,090	62,540	69,550	4,045	1,910	2,135
Multiple visible minoritiesCensus data footnote 101	232,375	113,140	119,230	11,125	5,525	5,600
Not a visible minorityCensus data footnote 102	26,785,480	13,246,485	13,539,000	933,290	469,030	464,260
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 103	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485	1,297,275	649,645	647,635
North American Aboriginal origins	2,130,520	1,026,675	1,103,840	89,865	42,970	46,895
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,525,570	731,410	794,155	54,695	25,870	28,825
Inuit	79,130	38,695	40,435	1,615	845	770
Métis	599,995	291,310	308,690	38,155	18,280	19,880
Other North American origins	11,628,535	5,745,695	5,882,835	281,765	143,450	138,315
Acadian	119,675	57,805	61,865	1,910	1,090	820
American	377,405	182,690	194,715	20,005	9,660	10,345
Canadian	11,135,965	5,501,595	5,634,370	266,440	135,735	130,705
New Brunswicker	1,490	800	685	20	20	0
Newfoundlander	22,215	11,420	10,800	565	310	250
Nova Scotian	3,700	1,770	1,930	80	50	30
Ontarian	3,925	1,980	1,945	10	0	0
Québécois	194,560	99,320	95,235	495	285	215
Other North American origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 104	1,895	950	945	85	40	45
European origins	19,683,320	9,687,715	9,995,605	814,405	406,030	408,380
British Isles origins	11,211,850	5,474,735	5,737,115	470,485	234,925	235,555
Channel Islander	3,595	1,740	1,855	65	20	45
Cornish	1,975	995	975	75	50	25
English	6,320,085	3,069,515	3,250,570	258,295	127,740	130,555
Irish	4,627,000	2,195,620	2,431,385	186,105	90,320	95,785
Manx	6,125	3,090	3,040	280	130	145
Scottish	4,799,005	2,323,390	2,475,620	208,460	103,215	105,240
Welsh	474,805	226,600	248,210	24,790	12,010	12,775
British Isles origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 105	644,695	307,090	337,610	28,175	13,745	14,435
French origins	4,680,820	2,283,480	2,397,340	143,085	69,595	73,490
Alsatian	2,800	1,300	1,495	80	45	35
Breton	11,845	5,765	6,080	35	20	15
Corsican	1,750	950	805	90	50	35
French	4,670,595	2,278,430	2,392,165	142,950	69,515	73,435
Western European origins (except French origins)	4,600,855	2,258,095	2,342,760	274,300	135,385	138,915
Austrian	207,050	100,775	106,275	13,765	6,545	7,220
Bavarian	940	485	455	40	20	20
Belgian	186,665	91,395	95,270	7,040	3,405	3,630
Dutch	1,111,655	546,565	565,090	57,535	28,305	29,235
Flemish	11,685	5,730	5,960	730	310	420
Frisian	4,590	2,395	2,195	145	90	55
German	3,322,405	1,626,785	1,695,615	213,115	105,050	108,065
Luxembourger	3,915	2,025	1,890	210	110	95
Swiss	155,120	76,935	78,185	6,240	3,200	3,035
Western European origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 106	3,365	1,645	1,720	175	70	105
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	1,201,320	579,005	622,315	93,665	45,000	48,665
Danish	207,470	100,660	106,810	15,725	7,525	8,205
Finnish	143,645	69,045	74,600	5,355	2,665	2,695
Icelandic	101,795	49,875	51,915	5,355	2,755	2,595
Norwegian	463,275	223,075	240,200	43,520	20,850	22,670
Swedish	349,645	163,545	186,095	29,400	13,435	15,965
Northern European origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 107	52,780	26,965	25,820	4,205	2,090	2,120
Eastern European origins	3,431,245	1,666,740	1,764,505	253,740	123,005	130,740
Bulgarian	34,565	16,935	17,625	905	460	440
Byelorussian	20,710	10,190	10,515	1,060	580	485
Czech	104,580	51,555	53,030	6,110	3,020	3,085
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.Census data footnote 108	40,715	19,235	21,480	2,990	1,450	1,545
Estonian	24,530	11,715	12,815	675	310	360
Hungarian	348,085	170,040	178,045	14,510	7,070	7,440
Latvian	30,725	14,920	15,805	1,230	565	660
Lithuanian	59,285	28,745	30,535	2,035	1,010	1,025
Moldovan	14,915	7,265	7,650	380	170	205
Polish	1,106,585	533,830	572,750	72,795	35,335	37,460
Romanian	238,050	114,705	123,345	11,610	5,655	5,955
Russian	622,445	297,600	324,850	28,275	13,425	14,850
Slovak	72,285	35,360	36,925	3,225	1,515	1,710
Ukrainian	1,359,655	663,560	696,095	159,940	77,335	82,610
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 109	20,415	9,895	10,520	615	320	295
Southern European origins	3,012,375	1,494,605	1,517,775	77,085	38,665	38,420
Albanian	36,185	18,385	17,800	805	445	360
Bosnian	26,740	13,320	13,420	1,540	770	765
Catalan	1,280	740	535	35	30	10
Croatian	133,970	67,825	66,140	5,265	2,900	2,365
Cypriot	5,650	2,850	2,795	65	40	25
Greek	271,410	137,405	134,005	5,015	2,585	2,435
Italian	1,587,965	794,525	793,445	33,800	17,180	16,620
Kosovar	2,865	1,470	1,395	175	85	85
Macedonian	43,110	21,650	21,460	405	205	200
Maltese	41,920	20,955	20,965	485	260	225
Montenegrin	4,160	2,180	1,985	105	70	40
Portuguese	482,605	239,360	243,250	10,710	5,460	5,255
Serbian	96,530	49,095	47,440	3,415	1,665	1,745
Sicilian	6,940	3,500	3,435	90	45	50
Slovenian	40,470	20,105	20,365	1,380	725	655
Spanish	396,460	184,520	211,945	16,615	7,625	8,985
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.Census data footnote 110	38,480	18,620	19,860	1,685	830	860
Southern European origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 111	2,170	1,030	1,135	60	35	25
Other European origins	226,695	115,110	111,580	7,305	3,870	3,440
Basque	6,965	3,690	3,275	125	55	70
Jewish	143,660	72,625	71,035	3,695	2,010	1,685
Roma (Gypsy)	4,630	2,195	2,440	110	55	60
Slavic, n.o.s.Census data footnote 112	4,870	2,560	2,310	290	140	150
Other European origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 113	67,890	34,730	33,160	3,125	1,630	1,500
Caribbean origins	749,155	349,810	399,345	15,250	7,600	7,645
Antiguan	4,500	2,115	2,385	130	65	60
Bahamian	3,675	1,915	1,760	100	70	35
Barbadian	37,780	17,745	20,035	860	425	440
Bermudan	3,075	1,435	1,640	45	30	15
Carib	3,030	1,175	1,860	50	25	25
Cuban	29,065	13,800	15,270	970	520	450
Dominican	23,130	11,000	12,125	360	185	180
Grenadian	17,915	7,835	10,080	345	185	160
Guadeloupean	1,125	515	605	0	0	0
Haitian	165,095	76,460	88,635	880	505	380
Jamaican	309,485	145,080	164,410	7,465	3,670	3,790
Kittitian/Nevisian	2,915	1,460	1,460	25	10	20
Martinican	2,010	900	1,110	0	10	0
Montserratan	930	460	470	15	0	20
Puerto Rican	3,405	1,645	1,765	100	45	55
St. Lucian	8,985	4,095	4,890	230	120	115
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	78,965	37,325	41,635	2,470	1,275	1,200
Vincentian/Grenadinian	17,420	7,475	9,945	140	50	90
West Indian, n.o.s.Census data footnote 114	70,270	31,625	38,645	1,105	525	585
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 115	26,830	12,520	14,310	920	450	475
Latin, Central and South American origins	674,640	325,210	349,430	24,505	12,245	12,260
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	22,725	10,875	11,850	765	335	430
Arawak	1,440	610	830	10	15	0
Argentinian	20,680	10,130	10,545	385	220	170
Belizean	1,755	915	845	55	35	20
Bolivian	5,055	2,480	2,580	85	40	45
Brazilian	36,830	17,380	19,455	965	460	505
Chilean	45,190	22,280	22,910	3,930	1,965	1,965
Colombian	96,325	45,590	50,735	3,565	1,755	1,805
Costa Rican	5,535	2,680	2,855	150	75	75
Ecuadorian	25,405	11,995	13,415	295	145	150
Guatemalan	26,275	13,360	12,915	700	370	325
Guyanese	84,275	39,530	44,745	1,605	770	835
Hispanic	11,055	5,380	5,670	755	390	365
Honduran	10,650	5,235	5,415	180	110	70
Maya	6,285	3,350	2,940	235	110	120
Mexican	128,485	62,890	65,595	5,105	2,650	2,455
Nicaraguan	13,705	6,650	7,055	510	265	245
Panamanian	4,700	2,210	2,495	105	50	50
Paraguayan	4,325	2,165	2,160	25	20	10
Peruvian	42,145	19,645	22,505	865	420	445
Salvadorean	66,220	32,960	33,255	3,980	2,000	1,975
Uruguayan	6,795	3,390	3,410	135	85	50
Venezuelan	26,345	12,220	14,125	715	330	385
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 116	28,455	13,930	14,525	1,080	550	530
African origins	1,067,930	539,805	528,120	59,335	30,555	28,780
Central and West African origins	230,110	118,040	112,070	12,935	6,815	6,115
Akan	1,955	1,090	870	25	20	0
Angolan	2,960	1,475	1,480	125	75	45
Ashanti	1,585	855	735	35	20	15
Beninese	4,995	2,670	2,320	40	25	15
Burkinabe	3,150	1,665	1,485	75	40	30
Cameroonian	24,615	12,390	12,230	780	390	395
Chadian	1,845	955	885	10	10	0
Congolese	38,365	18,925	19,440	2,270	1,195	1,080
Edo	1,945	1,095	855	210	125	80
Ewe	845	470	375	55	30	25
Gabonese	1,405	660	750	10	0	0
Gambian	975	495	475	35	25	10
Ghanaian	35,495	17,720	17,770	2,110	1,100	1,010
Guinean	7,240	3,785	3,455	285	155	135
Ibo	5,315	2,850	2,470	385	215	170
Ivorian	10,935	5,485	5,450	405	215	190
Liberian	2,485	1,130	1,360	650	310	340
Malian	4,490	2,280	2,210	35	15	15
Malinké	1,125	585	535	70	40	35
Nigerian	51,835	27,025	24,805	3,570	1,850	1,715
Peulh	2,435	1,270	1,170	60	40	20
Senegalese	10,175	5,500	4,670	250	155	90
Sierra Leonean	2,620	1,330	1,295	470	250	225
Togolese	5,300	2,870	2,430	50	20	30
Wolof	840	495	345	20	15	10
Yoruba	9,585	5,075	4,515	830	425	405
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 117	15,380	7,940	7,445	875	500	380
North African origins	355,045	185,775	169,270	9,235	4,840	4,395
Algerian	67,335	34,755	32,580	500	225	270
Berber	37,060	19,685	17,375	235	150	85
Coptic	3,535	1,860	1,680	95	45	50
Dinka	900	500	400	200	105	95
Egyptian	99,140	51,730	47,410	3,355	1,775	1,585
Libyan	7,740	4,135	3,605	595	305	290
Maure	1,190	655	535	35	20	15
Moroccan	103,940	54,005	49,945	1,195	645	550
Sudanese	19,960	10,315	9,645	2,745	1,450	1,295
Tunisian	25,645	13,985	11,665	375	180	195
North African origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 118	6,115	3,320	2,795	240	115	120
Southern and East African origins	260,145	128,325	131,815	27,410	14,115	13,290
Afrikaner	1,870	955	915	80	50	35
Amhara	1,530	815	715	185	95	90
Bantu, n.o.s.Census data footnote 119	3,965	2,175	1,785	410	235	185
Burundian	10,990	5,405	5,580	695	380	315
Djiboutian	1,710	790	920	155	85	70
Eritrean	25,255	12,830	12,430	3,475	1,790	1,690
Ethiopian	44,065	21,680	22,385	5,330	2,675	2,660
Harari	665	355	305	115	60	55
Kenyan	10,915	5,230	5,685	970	505	465
Malagasy	4,500	2,175	2,325	50	35	15
Mauritian	9,325	4,655	4,665	205	105	95
Oromo	3,350	1,745	1,605	560	350	205
Rwandan	10,775	5,065	5,705	1,125	600	530
Seychellois	1,285	575	710	10	10	0
Somali	62,550	30,215	32,330	9,800	4,995	4,810
South African	41,375	20,575	20,800	1,770	890	880
Tanzanian	4,710	2,400	2,310	470	300	170
Tigrian	2,155	1,160	995	255	130	125
Ugandan	5,705	2,875	2,830	650	355	295
Zambian	1,860	935	920	100	50	45
Zimbabwean	8,090	3,975	4,110	1,380	690	690
Zulu	945	475	475	170	80	95
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 120	17,305	8,445	8,860	1,510	770	740
Other African origins	239,560	116,400	123,165	10,980	5,470	5,515
Black, n.o.s.Census data footnote 121	30,385	14,015	16,370	1,220	615	610
Other African origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 122	212,005	103,790	108,215	9,945	4,950	4,995
Asian origins	6,095,235	2,958,120	3,137,115	288,745	142,015	146,725
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	1,011,145	518,170	492,980	40,215	21,110	19,105
Afghan	83,995	42,320	41,675	2,490	1,310	1,175
Arab, n.o.s.Census data footnote 123	111,400	58,930	52,475	4,420	2,405	2,015
Armenian	63,810	31,505	32,305	620	310	310
Assyrian	13,835	7,115	6,720	160	70	90
Azerbaijani	6,425	3,230	3,200	295	150	150
Georgian	4,775	2,430	2,345	120	60	60
Hazara	1,515	810	705	100	55	45
Iranian	210,405	106,565	103,840	4,630	2,375	2,255
Iraqi	70,925	35,965	34,955	2,065	1,085	980
Israeli	28,735	15,065	13,675	705	360	345
Jordanian	14,250	7,520	6,735	635	320	320
Kazakh	3,330	1,615	1,710	110	50	60
Kurd	16,315	8,810	7,515	1,060	600	470
Kuwaiti	2,235	1,185	1,055	120	60	60
Kyrgyz	1,060	510	550	25	20	15
Lebanese	219,555	112,970	106,590	15,110	7,835	7,280
Palestinian	44,820	23,900	20,920	2,900	1,610	1,295
Pashtun	4,810	2,565	2,245	235	105	130
Saudi Arabian	6,810	3,935	2,880	195	100	95
Syrian	77,045	38,445	38,600	3,015	1,540	1,470
Tajik	2,905	1,410	1,495	70	45	25
Tatar	4,825	2,155	2,670	135	55	80
Turk	63,955	32,855	31,100	2,750	1,520	1,225
Turkmen	1,040	540	500	45	15	35
Uighur	1,555	775	785	95	50	50
Uzbek	3,920	1,920	2,000	175	85	90
Yemeni	6,645	3,335	3,305	255	135	120
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 124	25,280	13,180	12,100	885	495	390
South Asian origins	1,963,330	993,595	969,735	91,595	47,185	44,410
Bangladeshi	45,940	23,645	22,300	1,450	715	730
Bengali	22,900	11,730	11,180	615	340	270
Bhutanese	3,600	1,765	1,835	75	45	30
East Indian	1,374,710	694,990	679,720	72,245	37,095	35,155
Goan	6,070	2,915	3,155	80	45	40
Gujarati	8,350	4,305	4,050	485	255	230
Kashmiri	3,115	1,605	1,510	105	55	50
Nepali	17,140	8,715	8,420	1,840	995	845
Pakistani	215,555	110,420	105,140	8,380	4,325	4,050
Punjabi	118,400	61,155	57,240	6,270	3,320	2,950
Sinhalese	7,285	3,605	3,685	270	155	120
Sri Lankan	152,595	75,010	77,585	2,325	1,180	1,145
Tamil	48,670	24,845	23,825	480	250	230
South Asian origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 125	76,400	38,815	37,585	1,945	1,010	935
East and Southeast Asian origins	3,163,360	1,467,205	1,696,155	158,420	74,450	83,975
Burmese	9,335	4,535	4,795	450	235	215
Cambodian (Khmer)	38,490	18,515	19,980	1,570	805	765
Chinese	1,769,195	836,150	933,045	71,950	34,655	37,290
Filipino	837,130	369,105	468,025	64,275	29,125	35,145
Hmong	805	420	390	0	0	0
Indonesian	21,390	9,950	11,440	950	455	500
Japanese	121,485	53,415	68,070	3,635	1,560	2,075
Karen	4,510	2,275	2,240	395	220	175
Korean	198,210	93,680	104,525	7,985	3,820	4,165
Laotian	24,580	12,190	12,390	760	390	370
Malaysian	16,920	7,735	9,185	1,465	670	795
Mongolian	7,480	3,560	3,915	350	155	190
Singaporean	2,850	1,325	1,520	150	70	85
Taiwanese	36,510	16,570	19,945	660	285	370
Thai	19,010	7,330	11,680	1,040	375	665
Tibetan	8,040	4,055	3,985	45	20	20
Vietnamese	240,615	115,935	124,680	14,180	6,825	7,355
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 126	6,500	3,150	3,355	365	190	180
Other Asian origins	22,745	11,280	11,460	940	505	435
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 127	22,740	11,280	11,460	940	505	435
Oceania origins	85,470	43,030	42,440	4,945	2,550	2,395
Australian	42,315	21,710	20,605	1,930	1,015	915
New Zealander	15,395	8,065	7,330	700	385	320
Pacific Islands origins	29,485	14,240	15,250	2,435	1,215	1,210
Fijian	19,375	9,280	10,090	1,910	935	980
Hawaiian	3,295	1,500	1,795	150	75	75
Maori	2,500	1,310	1,195	195	105	95
Polynesian, n.o.s.Census data footnote 128	1,530	725	805	55	25	30
Samoan	1,100	625	475	65	40	20
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 129	2,335	1,145	1,185	70	50	20
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 130	14,072,075	...	...	502,140	...	...
Owner	9,541,320	...	...	349,570	...	...
Renter	4,474,530	...	...	151,715	...	...
Band housing	56,230	...	...	865	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 131	14,072,075	...	...	502,140	...	...
Condominium	1,874,840	...	...	99,590	...	...
Not condominium	12,197,240	...	...	402,555	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 132	14,072,080	...	...	502,145	...	...
No bedrooms	93,345	...	...	2,620	...	...
1 bedroom	1,925,015	...	...	56,215	...	...
2 bedrooms	3,547,090	...	...	107,655	...	...
3 bedrooms	4,836,485	...	...	177,400	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	3,670,145	...	...	158,250	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 133	14,072,075	...	...	502,140	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	4,068,915	...	...	136,440	...	...
5 rooms	2,177,045	...	...	76,945	...	...
6 rooms	1,981,585	...	...	71,095	...	...
7 rooms	1,790,180	...	...	63,325	...	...
8 or more rooms	4,054,355	...	...	154,335	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 134	14,072,080	...	...	502,140	...	...
One person or fewer per room	13,802,060	...	...	490,225	...	...
More than 1 person per room	270,020	...	...	11,920	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 135	14,072,075	...	...	502,145	...	...
Suitable	13,376,345	...	...	475,230	...	...
Not suitable	695,730	...	...	26,920	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 136	14,072,080	...	...	502,140	...	...
1960 or before	3,126,380	...	...	61,495	...	...
1961 to 1980	4,185,510	...	...	154,035	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,977,640	...	...	61,040	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,746,390	...	...	59,565	...	...
2001 to 2005	976,390	...	...	48,010	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,089,750	...	...	56,935	...	...
2011 to 2016Census data footnote 137	970,015	...	...	61,070	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 138	14,072,080	...	...	502,145	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	13,151,600	...	...	474,995	...	...
Major repairs needed	920,480	...	...	27,145	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 139	14,072,080	...	...	502,145	...	...
1 household maintainer	8,324,865	...	...	283,590	...	...
2 household maintainers	5,404,800	...	...	200,230	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	342,415	...	...	18,325	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 140	14,072,080	...	...	502,140	...	...
15 to 24 years	437,230	...	...	19,675	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,991,685	...	...	97,235	...	...
35 to 44 years	2,414,920	...	...	100,380	...	...
45 to 54 years	2,862,870	...	...	99,730	...	...
55 to 64 years	2,859,315	...	...	92,595	...	...
65 to 74 years	2,034,220	...	...	54,365	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,084,700	...	...	28,390	...	...
85 years and over	387,135	...	...	9,770	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 141	13,798,305	...	...	496,585	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	10,472,355	...	...	387,815	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	3,325,950	...	...	108,775	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,861,615	...	...	94,785	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	9,368,330	...	...	347,170	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgageCensus data footnote 142	60.7	...	...	65.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costsCensus data footnote 141	16.6	...	...	15.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)Census data footnote 143	1,130	...	...	1,536	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)Census data footnote 143	1,313	...	...	1,557	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)Census data footnote 144	341,556	...	...	399,932	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)Census data footnote 144	443,058	...	...	437,490	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,452,850	...	...	151,505	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housingCensus data footnote 145	13.0	...	...	10.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costsCensus data footnote 141	40.0	...	...	37.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)Census data footnote 143	910	...	...	1,255	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)Census data footnote 143	1,002	...	...	1,292	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 146	28,643,015	13,990,435	14,652,580	1,054,635	525,710	528,930
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,239,575	2,667,995	2,571,585	162,415	82,715	79,705
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificateCensus data footnote 147	7,576,400	3,686,630	3,889,770	296,125	144,470	151,650
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,827,040	7,635,805	8,191,230	596,095	298,520	297,575
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,800,260	1,906,610	893,650	103,870	83,440	20,430
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of QualificationCensus data footnote 148	1,549,880	880,365	669,515	29,165	17,740	11,425
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of QualificationCensus data footnote 149	1,250,385	1,026,250	224,140	74,705	65,700	9,005
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	5,553,825	2,326,940	3,226,890	202,550	84,840	117,715
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	813,335	331,940	481,395	34,070	13,495	20,575
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	6,659,615	3,070,315	3,589,300	255,600	116,750	138,855
Bachelor's degree	4,443,835	1,967,905	2,475,935	177,180	76,745	100,435
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	462,295	203,725	258,570	13,930	6,305	7,620
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	190,925	102,530	88,395	8,040	4,340	3,700
Master's degree	1,331,045	651,510	679,535	45,920	22,680	23,235
Earned doctorateCensus data footnote 150	231,510	144,640	86,870	10,530	6,675	3,860
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 146	18,931,380	9,268,555	9,662,830	740,785	370,915	369,865
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,169,790	1,200,110	969,685	72,085	38,880	33,205
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificateCensus data footnote 147	4,494,585	2,247,020	2,247,565	183,730	90,805	92,925
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,267,005	5,821,425	6,445,580	484,970	241,230	243,740
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,042,430	1,377,775	664,650	80,535	65,610	14,925
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of QualificationCensus data footnote 148	1,145,035	639,785	505,250	21,390	13,445	7,945
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of QualificationCensus data footnote 149	897,390	737,990	159,405	59,145	52,170	6,980
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	4,241,985	1,786,065	2,455,920	164,175	69,180	94,995
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	580,885	240,040	340,850	26,440	10,600	15,840
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	5,401,705	2,417,555	2,984,155	213,820	95,840	117,975
Bachelor's degree	3,590,080	1,562,160	2,027,925	147,835	63,430	84,415
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	362,455	151,205	211,250	10,820	4,765	6,055
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	153,290	74,440	78,855	6,830	3,455	3,380
Master's degree	1,120,190	527,335	592,850	40,020	19,145	20,870
Earned doctorateCensus data footnote 150	175,685	102,415	73,275	8,310	5,045	3,270
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 151	28,643,015	13,990,430	14,652,585	1,054,635	525,705	528,925
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeCensus data footnote 152	12,815,980	6,354,625	6,461,350	458,540	227,185	231,355
Education	1,060,095	251,290	808,800	42,040	10,665	31,375
13. Education	1,060,095	251,290	808,805	42,040	10,665	31,375
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	596,230	268,050	328,180	17,060	7,440	9,620
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	99,020	72,865	26,150	3,285	2,265	1,020
50. Visual and performing arts	497,210	195,185	302,025	13,775	5,170	8,605
Humanities	850,840	330,490	520,345	24,105	10,000	14,105
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	98,000	22,100	75,900	2,735	780	1,950
23. English language and literature/letters	178,590	52,785	125,810	5,155	1,615	3,540
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	275,525	104,135	171,390	7,475	2,785	4,685
30A Interdisciplinary humanitiesCensus data footnote 153	4,160	1,640	2,520	70	30	40
38. Philosophy and religious studies	51,930	30,185	21,750	1,700	1,010	695
39. Theology and religious vocations	77,490	46,285	31,200	3,435	1,985	1,450
54. History	111,465	59,965	51,500	2,960	1,660	1,300
55. French language and literature/letters	53,680	13,400	40,290	570	125	445
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,761,900	586,455	1,175,445	54,230	18,015	36,220
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	24,685	5,660	19,025	915	205	710
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	182,275	68,030	114,245	5,335	2,245	3,090
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	324,660	26,065	298,595	9,450	780	8,670
22. Legal professions and studies	289,600	102,660	186,945	10,115	3,330	6,780
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciencesCensus data footnote 154	35,445	8,150	27,295	735	245	490
42. Psychology	281,470	71,230	210,230	10,485	2,965	7,520
45. Social sciences	623,775	304,660	319,110	17,200	8,235	8,965
Business, management and public administration	3,360,045	1,272,475	2,087,565	118,570	44,930	73,635
30.16 Accounting and computer science	6,190	1,850	4,340	205	50	155
44. Public administration and social service professions	237,835	48,815	189,015	7,015	1,480	5,540
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,116,025	1,221,805	1,894,215	111,345	43,400	67,945
Physical and life sciences and technologies	614,280	315,665	298,615	25,940	13,130	12,810
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	249,955	105,560	144,400	10,150	4,455	5,695
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	125,600	61,685	63,915	6,230	2,785	3,445
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciencesCensus data footnote 155	28,155	12,625	15,530	150	30	125
40. Physical sciences	179,305	122,815	56,485	7,395	4,940	2,455
41. Science technologies/technicians	31,270	12,980	18,290	2,020	925	1,095
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	651,480	420,370	231,110	21,510	13,205	8,310
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	514,685	356,435	158,250	16,990	11,335	5,655
25. Library science	40,820	6,495	34,320	1,800	240	1,560
27. Mathematics and statistics	86,655	50,930	35,725	2,580	1,535	1,040
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciencesCensus data footnote 156	9,325	6,510	2,815	140	90	50
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	3,327,405	3,022,700	304,700	156,555	141,770	14,780
04. Architecture and related services	114,315	72,880	41,435	4,030	2,625	1,405
14. Engineering	752,465	615,880	136,585	34,315	28,075	6,240
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	620,065	551,855	68,205	29,350	25,640	3,715
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	410	85	325	0	10	0
46. Construction trades	702,155	682,710	19,445	37,095	35,600	1,495
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	731,135	709,430	21,705	30,880	29,865	1,020
48. Precision production	406,855	389,850	17,005	20,865	19,955	905
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	339,050	219,040	120,010	10,570	6,240	4,330
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	205,930	127,925	78,005	6,610	3,775	2,835
03. Natural resources and conservation	133,120	91,115	42,005	3,965	2,470	1,495
Health and related fields	2,266,720	441,180	1,825,545	95,025	18,455	76,570
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	164,295	81,260	83,040	5,925	2,765	3,165
51. Health professions and related programs	2,047,680	329,010	1,718,670	86,480	14,205	72,275
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	54,740	30,910	23,830	2,615	1,480	1,130
Personal, protective and transportation services	995,825	507,200	488,630	30,435	14,650	15,785
12. Personal and culinary services	565,555	151,530	414,025	18,035	4,965	13,075
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	3,505	3,080	420	55	45	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	7,900	7,230	670	330	290	35
43. Security and protective services	206,745	150,540	56,205	6,475	4,215	2,260
49. Transportation and materials moving	212,125	194,810	17,315	5,540	5,130	410
Other	3,170	885	2,280	55	25	25
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	3,170	890	2,280	50	25	30
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 151	18,931,385	9,268,555	9,662,825	740,780	370,915	369,870
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeCensus data footnote 152	6,664,380	3,447,130	3,217,250	255,815	129,685	126,135
Education	727,515	160,315	567,205	31,215	7,400	23,815
13. Education	727,515	160,315	567,200	31,215	7,405	23,815
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	467,905	208,365	259,545	13,730	5,940	7,790
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	74,530	53,995	20,535	2,495	1,715	780
50. Visual and performing arts	393,375	154,370	239,005	11,235	4,225	7,010
Humanities	614,815	232,425	382,390	19,490	7,945	11,545
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	76,540	16,200	60,340	2,290	635	1,650
23. English language and literature/letters	133,800	38,310	95,485	4,170	1,285	2,890
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	191,005	71,770	119,235	6,245	2,295	3,950
30A Interdisciplinary humanitiesCensus data footnote 153	3,140	1,250	1,895	60	35	25
38. Philosophy and religious studies	37,870	21,930	15,940	1,390	825	565
39. Theology and religious vocations	52,295	31,200	21,090	2,600	1,520	1,080
54. History	82,565	43,475	39,085	2,315	1,270	1,045
55. French language and literature/letters	37,600	8,285	29,315	420	80	345
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,417,625	453,100	964,525	45,730	14,795	30,930
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20,300	4,595	15,705	780	180	600
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	152,080	56,125	95,955	4,630	1,890	2,740
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	259,845	19,160	240,685	7,800	640	7,155
22. Legal professions and studies	241,170	76,720	164,445	8,790	2,600	6,185
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciencesCensus data footnote 154	27,310	6,390	20,920	595	210	385
42. Psychology	218,470	51,570	166,900	8,495	2,340	6,155
45. Social sciences	498,450	238,540	259,915	14,640	6,935	7,710
Business, management and public administration	2,696,770	1,000,895	1,695,875	98,730	37,190	61,545
30.16 Accounting and computer science	4,955	1,480	3,475	170	45	130
44. Public administration and social service professions	192,190	36,890	155,305	5,830	1,140	4,695
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,499,625	962,530	1,537,095	92,725	36,005	56,715
Physical and life sciences and technologies	449,870	222,120	227,755	20,295	9,960	10,340
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	195,830	79,945	115,880	8,055	3,435	4,615
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	89,205	42,265	46,945	4,680	2,095	2,585
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciencesCensus data footnote 155	9,280	3,850	5,430	145	30	115
40. Physical sciences	132,935	87,025	45,905	5,870	3,750	2,125
41. Science technologies/technicians	22,625	9,035	13,590	1,550	650	900
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	567,415	368,840	198,575	18,885	11,655	7,230
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	464,000	321,805	142,190	15,355	10,245	5,110
25. Library science	29,955	4,870	25,080	1,425	210	1,215
27. Mathematics and statistics	65,620	36,895	28,725	1,995	1,135	860
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciencesCensus data footnote 156	7,840	5,270	2,575	110	65	40
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	2,532,555	2,271,735	260,820	127,385	114,505	12,880
04. Architecture and related services	93,135	57,280	35,850	3,260	2,030	1,225
14. Engineering	612,265	490,980	121,285	29,255	23,700	5,555
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	475,045	418,595	56,450	24,015	20,880	3,130
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	350	70	275	10	0	10
46. Construction trades	515,630	499,670	15,960	29,955	28,640	1,315
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	540,800	523,425	17,375	24,245	23,375	865
48. Precision production	295,335	281,715	13,620	16,645	15,870	780
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	269,445	167,680	101,770	8,400	4,735	3,665
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	159,975	94,680	65,295	5,045	2,665	2,380
03. Natural resources and conservation	109,470	73,000	36,470	3,355	2,070	1,285
Health and related fields	1,749,545	342,395	1,407,145	76,660	15,130	61,525
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	129,560	63,315	66,245	4,850	2,295	2,560
51. Health professions and related programs	1,576,945	256,895	1,320,050	69,575	11,640	57,930
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	43,040	22,185	20,860	2,225	1,200	1,030
Personal, protective and transportation services	770,950	392,820	378,135	24,390	11,950	12,440
12. Personal and culinary services	431,415	114,395	317,025	14,135	3,965	10,170
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	2,725	2,355	375	50	45	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	4,425	3,975	445	220	190	30
43. Security and protective services	162,995	116,750	46,240	5,420	3,485	1,935
49. Transportation and materials moving	169,400	155,340	14,050	4,570	4,270	305
Other	2,590	745	1,845	50	25	20
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	2,585	740	1,845	45	25	20
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 157	28,643,015	13,990,435	14,652,585	1,054,635	525,705	528,930
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,815,975	6,354,625	6,461,350	458,540	227,185	231,355
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeCensus data footnote 158	15,827,040	7,635,805	8,191,235	596,095	298,520	297,575
Location of study inside Canada	13,117,190	6,299,305	6,817,890	477,930	240,810	237,115
Same as province or territory of residence	11,519,215	5,503,640	6,015,575	380,965	191,425	189,545
Different than province or territory of residence	1,597,975	795,655	802,315	96,965	49,390	47,570
Location of study outside CanadaCensus data footnote 159	2,709,850	1,336,505	1,373,345	118,165	57,705	60,455
United StatesCensus data footnote 160	349,540	189,995	159,545	11,960	6,745	5,215
Philippines	298,830	109,820	189,020	25,475	9,885	15,595
India	281,415	142,410	138,995	18,420	9,370	9,050
United KingdomCensus data footnote 161	232,035	131,050	100,980	8,030	4,605	3,425
ChinaCensus data footnote 162	205,375	94,690	110,685	6,160	2,845	3,315
France	88,860	50,400	38,455	635	390	245
Other	1,253,790	618,135	635,655	47,485	23,870	23,615
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 157	18,931,380	9,268,555	9,662,830	740,785	370,915	369,865
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,664,380	3,447,125	3,217,250	255,815	129,685	126,130
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeCensus data footnote 158	12,267,005	5,821,430	6,445,575	484,970	241,235	243,740
Location of study inside Canada	10,134,590	4,807,045	5,327,545	384,550	193,175	191,375
Same as province or territory of residence	8,918,160	4,207,495	4,710,665	306,030	153,440	152,590
Different than province or territory of residence	1,216,425	599,545	616,875	78,520	39,735	38,785
Location of study outside CanadaCensus data footnote 159	2,132,415	1,014,385	1,118,030	100,415	48,055	52,365
United StatesCensus data footnote 160	254,245	131,955	122,290	9,090	4,940	4,150
Philippines	263,095	96,025	167,065	23,515	9,035	14,480
India	239,535	117,445	122,090	16,310	8,160	8,155
United KingdomCensus data footnote 161	133,655	73,575	60,085	5,440	3,145	2,290
ChinaCensus data footnote 162	175,825	79,635	96,190	5,375	2,460	2,915
France	72,920	40,610	32,310	545	340	210
Other	993,135	475,145	517,990	40,140	19,980	20,155
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 163	28,643,020	13,990,430	14,652,585	1,054,635	525,705	528,925
In the labour force	18,672,475	9,731,830	8,940,645	758,275	404,870	353,405
Employed	17,230,040	8,923,540	8,306,490	694,180	366,460	327,720
Unemployed	1,442,435	808,285	634,150	64,095	38,410	25,685
Not in the labour force	9,970,545	4,258,605	5,711,945	296,360	120,840	175,520
Participation rate	65.2	69.6	61.0	71.9	77.0	66.8
Employment rate	60.2	63.8	56.7	65.8	69.7	62.0
Unemployment rate	7.7	8.3	7.1	8.5	9.5	7.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 164	28,643,020	13,990,430	14,652,580	1,054,635	525,705	528,925
Did not workCensus data footnote 165	9,282,005	3,930,570	5,351,440	268,045	107,575	160,475
Worked	19,361,010	10,059,865	9,301,150	786,590	418,135	368,450
Worked full year, full timeCensus data footnote 166	9,626,010	5,402,110	4,223,895	393,220	227,110	166,105
Worked part year and/or part timeCensus data footnote 167	9,735,005	4,657,755	5,077,245	393,370	191,025	202,350
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.4	42.9	42.0	42.6	43.2	42.0
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 168	18,672,470	9,731,825	8,940,640	758,275	404,870	353,405
Class of worker - not applicableCensus data footnote 169	404,350	197,705	206,640	12,920	6,000	6,925
All classes of workersCensus data footnote 170	18,268,125	9,534,120	8,734,000	745,355	398,870	346,480
Employee	16,073,685	8,158,745	7,914,940	670,650	351,165	319,480
Self-employedCensus data footnote 171	2,194,440	1,375,380	819,060	74,705	47,705	27,000
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 172	18,672,470	9,731,830	8,940,645	758,275	404,870	353,405
Occupation - not applicableCensus data footnote 169	404,350	197,710	206,640	12,920	6,000	6,925
All occupationsCensus data footnote 170	18,268,120	9,534,120	8,734,005	745,350	398,870	346,485
0 Management occupations	2,013,370	1,251,165	762,205	79,110	49,495	29,615
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,874,305	862,870	2,011,440	119,055	32,820	86,240
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,273,660	990,560	283,105	54,915	42,995	11,915
3 Health occupations	1,245,885	244,730	1,001,155	54,335	10,670	43,665
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,138,445	672,945	1,465,495	81,095	28,600	52,500
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	557,275	255,705	301,570	17,250	7,055	10,200
6 Sales and service occupations	4,265,895	1,843,510	2,422,390	164,390	69,385	95,000
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	2,668,875	2,504,290	164,585	139,610	129,225	10,380
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	416,135	331,920	84,215	13,810	11,465	2,345
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	814,285	576,435	237,845	21,780	17,150	4,630
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 173	18,672,475	9,731,830	8,940,640	758,275	404,870	353,405
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicableCensus data footnote 169	404,350	197,710	206,640	12,925	6,000	6,925
All industry categoriesCensus data footnote 170	18,268,125	9,534,120	8,734,000	745,355	398,875	346,480
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	444,680	310,000	134,675	6,140	3,825	2,315
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	271,300	219,880	51,420	23,275	19,375	3,900
22 Utilities	136,350	100,135	36,210	7,640	5,400	2,240
23 Construction	1,365,010	1,196,550	168,455	87,770	74,375	13,395
31-33 Manufacturing	1,596,570	1,149,745	446,820	46,065	34,945	11,120
41 Wholesale trade	665,685	451,230	214,455	30,595	21,815	8,780
44-45 Retail trade	2,110,200	984,090	1,126,115	83,675	38,190	45,485
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	876,050	656,375	219,670	35,665	26,840	8,825
51 Information and cultural industries	420,350	243,650	176,705	10,990	6,230	4,765
52 Finance and insurance	790,580	327,865	462,715	24,535	8,680	15,855
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	333,305	184,350	148,955	14,430	8,040	6,385
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,335,125	740,520	594,605	51,895	29,365	22,530
55 Management of companies and enterprises	28,795	12,795	16,000	1,055	440	620
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	802,420	462,825	339,590	28,485	16,315	12,165
61 Educational services	1,346,585	420,845	925,735	51,880	17,080	34,800
62 Health care and social assistance	2,138,025	383,755	1,754,270	86,630	15,285	71,345
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	379,740	192,875	186,865	13,850	6,715	7,135
72 Accommodation and food services	1,283,725	535,210	748,515	51,725	21,470	30,260
81 Other services (except public administration)	814,695	371,880	442,815	35,540	16,895	18,640
91 Public administration	1,128,945	589,530	539,405	53,500	27,585	25,915
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 174	17,230,035	8,923,540	8,306,495	694,180	366,460	327,715
Worked at home	1,272,285	639,500	632,785	38,740	17,320	21,420
Worked outside Canada	78,815	54,235	24,580	1,690	1,180	510
No fixed workplace address	1,987,260	1,487,445	499,820	99,085	75,810	23,275
Worked at usual place	13,891,675	6,742,360	7,149,315	554,660	272,150	282,510
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	13,891,680	6,742,365	7,149,315	554,660	272,150	282,510
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	8,102,115	3,723,115	4,379,005	392,970	178,960	214,020
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,906,390	1,435,640	1,470,750	145,375	81,620	63,755
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,725,205	1,492,170	1,233,030	13,920	10,020	3,900
Commute to a different province or territory	157,970	91,445	66,525	2,390	1,550	840
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 175	15,878,940	8,229,810	7,649,135	653,745	347,955	305,785
Car, truck, van - as a driver	11,748,095	6,380,120	5,367,975	506,530	284,410	222,120
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	868,920	349,855	519,065	33,305	12,850	20,450
Public transit	1,968,215	846,735	1,121,485	73,660	30,030	43,625
Walked	877,985	392,950	485,030	24,170	10,400	13,770
Bicycle	222,130	146,615	75,515	6,440	4,165	2,270
Other method	193,595	113,525	80,060	9,640	6,095	3,545
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 176	15,878,945	8,229,810	7,649,130	653,745	347,960	305,785
Less than 15 minutes	4,449,920	2,071,365	2,378,555	137,725	61,045	76,680
15 to 29 minutes	5,314,295	2,725,165	2,589,130	258,000	137,930	120,075
30 to 44 minutes	3,228,845	1,782,680	1,446,165	163,805	93,050	70,750
45 to 59 minutes	1,391,060	768,115	622,940	54,455	30,895	23,560
60 minutes and over	1,494,830	882,485	612,345	39,755	25,040	14,720
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 177	15,878,940	8,229,810	7,649,135	653,740	347,960	305,785
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,073,680	781,230	292,455	49,925	37,375	12,555
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	2,814,750	1,754,045	1,060,710	132,865	83,625	49,240
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	4,458,835	2,217,210	2,241,620	195,685	99,960	95,720
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	3,349,975	1,408,710	1,941,265	111,255	48,165	63,095
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,756,265	752,940	1,003,325	64,730	26,890	37,835
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,425,435	1,315,670	1,109,765	99,285	51,950	47,335
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 178	19,956,255	10,342,970	9,613,285	809,165	428,345	380,820
Single responses	19,365,980	10,042,855	9,323,130	801,505	424,630	376,870
Official languages	19,090,545	9,897,470	9,193,075	795,220	421,450	373,770
English	15,265,335	7,952,010	7,313,320	792,700	420,600	372,100
French	3,825,215	1,945,465	1,879,750	2,520	850	1,670
Non-official languages	275,430	145,380	130,055	6,280	3,180	3,105
Aboriginal languages	24,950	12,385	12,565	20	10	0
Algonquian languages	14,440	7,370	7,070	15	0	0
Blackfoot	80	45	35	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	11,540	5,820	5,720	10	10	10
Atikamekw	1,095	580	515	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	2,055	970	1,085	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	370	180	190	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	40	25	10	0	0	0
Plains Cree	95	60	35	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	15	10	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	75	35	40	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	7,795	3,965	3,835	15	10	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	925	510	420	0	0	0
Malecite	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	915	505	410	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	1,895	995	900	0	0	0
Algonquin	45	20	25	0	0	0
Ojibway	765	380	385	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	1,080	595	485	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	1,140	530	610	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	1,135	525	610	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	20	0	15	0	0	0
Chilcotin	20	0	10	0	0	0
Dene	770	360	405	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	165	80	80	0	0	0
Gwich'in	10	10	10	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	135	65	70	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	95	45	45	0	0	0
South Slavey	35	20	20	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	10	10	10	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	10	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	10	0	10	0	0	0
Inuit languages	8,845	4,255	4,595	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	35	10	25	0	0	0
Inuktitut	8,800	4,240	4,555	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	35	10	30	0	0	0
Cayuga	10	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	35	10	25	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	10	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	110	25	85	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	15	10	10	0	0	0
Lillooet	15	10	10	0	0	0
Okanagan	20	10	20	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	35	0	30	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	15	0	15	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	260	155	105	10	0	0
Dakota	20	10	10	0	0	0
Stoney	240	145	95	10	10	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	10	10	10	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	25	0	20	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	10	10	10	0	0	0
Nisga'a	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	35	15	20	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	10	10	10	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	30	15	15	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	250,485	132,990	117,490	6,270	3,165	3,100
Afro-Asiatic languages	7,380	4,530	2,850	510	305	200
Berber languages	35	10	30	0	0	0
Kabyle	20	0	20	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	15	10	15	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	275	105	170	60	30	35
Bilen	10	10	10	0	0	0
Oromo	45	25	20	10	0	0
Somali	220	80	145	55	20	30
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	7,065	4,420	2,650	445	280	170
Amharic	200	95	100	40	15	20
Arabic	5,585	3,695	1,890	325	225	100
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	205	155	55	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	30	20	15	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	825	335	490	25	10	10
Maltese	25	15	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	135	70	60	15	0	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	65	35	30	45	25	25
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	8,550	3,790	4,760	425	190	235
Khmer (Cambodian)	475	230	245	10	0	10
Vietnamese	8,070	3,560	4,510	410	185	230
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	3,850	1,750	2,095	325	180	145
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	75	20	55	10	0	10
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	25	0	15	0	0	0
Ilocano	110	50	60	15	10	10
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	140	75	65	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	3,450	1,580	1,875	305	170	135
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	40	25	15	0	0	0
Creole languages	350	125	225	0	0	10
Haitian Creole	25	10	15	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	315	110	200	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0	0	10
Dravidian languages	2,225	1,060	1,165	25	15	10
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	90	50	45	10	0	0
Tamil	2,090	1,005	1,080	15	10	10
Telugu	45	10	35	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	85,550	47,305	38,245	2,145	1,130	1,015
Albanian	350	220	125	10	0	0
Armenian	450	220	230	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10,075	4,745	5,330	310	155	155
Baltic languages	95	35	60	0	0	0
Latvian	40	10	25	0	0	0
Lithuanian	60	25	30	0	0	0
Slavic languages	9,980	4,710	5,270	310	155	150
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	155	90	65	0	10	0
Bulgarian	205	110	90	0	0	0
Croatian	220	130	95	10	0	0
Czech	70	40	30	0	0	0
Macedonian	95	45	55	0	10	0
Polish	2,500	1,265	1,235	120	65	60
Russian	4,850	2,135	2,720	75	30	45
Serbian	530	320	210	10	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	30	25	0	0	0	0
Slovak	100	60	40	20	10	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	0	10	0	0	0
Ukrainian	1,210	485	725	70	45	30
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	25	20	10	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	15	15	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	0	0	0
Germanic languages	13,285	7,455	5,835	95	50	50
Afrikaans	85	40	40	0	0	0
Danish	90	50	35	0	0	10
Dutch	1,165	630	540	15	10	10
Frisian	40	25	15	0	0	0
German	10,065	5,715	4,345	65	40	30
Icelandic	0	10	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	65	30	40	0	0	0
Swedish	125	55	70	10	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	35	20	15	0	0	0
Yiddish	895	390	505	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	720	495	225	0	0	0
Greek	1,020	545	475	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	37,330	21,140	16,190	1,265	710	560
Indo-Aryan languages	32,485	18,125	14,360	1,195	665	535
Bengali	530	275	245	15	0	10
Gujarati	880	300	585	60	10	50
Hindi	1,405	755	650	105	60	50
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	10	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	30	15	15	0	0	0
Nepali	195	95	100	10	0	10
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	27,870	15,945	11,920	975	575	395
Sindhi	35	10	30	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40	25	20	0	0	0
Urdu	1,495	705	790	40	10	25
Iranian languages	4,820	3,000	1,815	70	45	20
Kurdish	185	150	40	15	15	10
Pashto	50	20	25	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	4,580	2,830	1,750	55	35	15
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	23,025	12,965	10,060	460	210	245
Catalan	30	10	20	0	0	0
Italian	1,705	895	805	15	10	10
Portuguese	7,490	4,795	2,695	40	25	20
Romanian	745	365	380	0	0	0
Spanish	13,030	6,885	6,145	405	185	215
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0	0	0
Japanese	3,255	1,195	2,065	35	10	25
Kartvelian languages	30	10	20	0	0	0
Georgian	30	10	20	0	0	0
Korean	12,150	6,260	5,885	265	125	140
Mongolic languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	235	120	115	10	0	0
Akan (Twi)	25	10	20	0	0	0
Bamanankan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	20	10	10	0	0	0
Igbo	10	10	0	0	0	0
Lingala	10	0	10	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25	0	15	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	80	50	30	0	0	0
Wolof	10	0	10	10	0	0
Yoruba	15	0	15	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30	20	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	1,920	740	1,180	125	70	55
American Sign Language	1,145	340	810	80	30	50
Quebec Sign Language	135	15	115	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	640	390	255	40	35	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	122,880	65,030	57,850	2,310	1,095	1,215
Chinese languages	122,610	64,880	57,730	2,305	1,090	1,210
Cantonese	58,815	30,485	28,340	1,475	730	750
Hakka	70	25	45	10	0	10
Mandarin	60,090	32,430	27,665	705	310	400
Min Dong	25	15	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	565	335	225	20	0	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	105	65	45	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	2,930	1,530	1,405	95	40	50
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	270	155	115	10	10	10
Burmese	75	35	35	0	0	0
Karenic languages	135	75	55	10	0	0
Tibetan	50	30	20	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	675	270	405	30	10	20
Lao	150	70	80	0	0	0
Thai	525	205	325	25	15	20
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	750	475	275	45	20	25
Azerbaijani	30	20	0	0	0	0
Turkish	685	435	255	35	20	20
Uyghur	15	15	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	15	10	0	10	10	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	595	270	325	20	10	0
Estonian	50	15	40	0	0	0
Finnish	105	40	65	10	10	0
Hungarian	435	225	215	15	10	10
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	80	45	35	10	10	0
Multiple responses	590,270	300,115	290,155	7,660	3,720	3,945
English and French	412,680	211,095	201,585	1,875	900	975
English and non-official language	154,285	77,870	76,420	5,640	2,750	2,890
French and non-official language	7,830	3,595	4,235	20	10	10
English, French and non-official language	15,475	7,565	7,915	130	60	70
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 179	19,956,250	10,342,970	9,613,290	809,165	428,345	380,820
None	17,456,725	9,056,235	8,400,490	776,665	412,150	364,515
English	1,259,225	661,460	597,765	4,415	1,905	2,510
French	705,780	349,035	356,745	8,815	4,285	4,525
Non-official language	496,565	257,455	239,105	18,790	9,760	9,030
Aboriginal	37,615	17,215	20,400	370	140	235
Non-Aboriginal	458,945	240,245	218,710	18,415	9,620	8,800
English and French	2,535	1,200	1,335	0	0	0
English and non-official language	18,040	8,765	9,280	70	30	45
French and non-official language	17,265	8,730	8,540	405	210	195
English, French and non-official language	115	90	30	10	10	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 180	34,091,785	16,783,745	17,308,035	1,279,970	641,020	638,955
Non-movers	29,644,795	14,593,190	15,051,605	1,070,515	536,090	534,420
Movers	4,446,990	2,190,555	2,256,435	209,460	104,925	104,535
Non-migrants	2,623,515	1,292,750	1,330,760	138,850	70,120	68,725
Migrants	1,823,475	897,805	925,670	70,615	34,810	35,800
Internal migrants	1,451,005	713,060	737,945	53,885	26,955	26,930
Intraprovincial migrants	1,189,525	580,895	608,630	38,350	19,160	19,190
Interprovincial migrants	261,475	132,160	129,315	15,535	7,795	7,740
External migrants	372,475	184,745	187,730	16,730	7,855	8,875
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 181	32,568,560	16,004,315	16,564,245	1,212,350	606,300	606,055
Non-movers	20,134,760	9,902,645	10,232,115	652,645	325,015	327,625
Movers	12,433,805	6,101,675	6,332,130	559,705	281,280	278,425
Non-migrants	6,755,630	3,314,730	3,440,905	306,950	154,260	152,690
Migrants	5,678,175	2,786,945	2,891,230	252,755	127,020	125,730
Internal migrants	4,296,720	2,104,325	2,192,395	177,330	89,430	87,895
Intraprovincial migrants	3,467,670	1,689,950	1,777,720	103,945	51,335	52,610
Interprovincial migrants	829,045	414,375	414,670	73,385	38,100	35,285
External migrants	1,381,460	682,625	698,835	75,425	37,585	37,830