Census Profile, 2016 Census
Durham [Population centre], Ontario and Bourassa [Federal electoral district], Quebec

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Durham Ontario [Population centre]			Bourassa Quebec [Federal electoral district]
	Data quality , Durham [Population centre], Ontario Map : Durham [Population centre], Ontario Change geography 1			Data quality : Bourassa [Federal electoral district], Quebec Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	2,609	...	...	101,032	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	2,635 ^r	...	...	100,286	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	-1.0	...	...	0.7	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	1,196	...	...	46,646	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	1,152	...	...	43,115	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	810.7	...	...	7,450.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	3.22	...	...	13.56	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	2,610	1,265	1,345	101,035	47,730	53,305
0 to 14 years	370	195	175	18,430	9,375	9,055
0 to 4 years	115	60	55	6,740	3,460	3,280
5 to 9 years	120	55	55	6,425	3,290	3,135
10 to 14 years	140	75	60	5,270	2,625	2,645
15 to 64 years	1,455	745	715	63,040	30,690	32,360
15 to 19 years	130	75	50	5,515	2,780	2,730
20 to 24 years	115	65	50	6,050	2,875	3,170
25 to 29 years	130	60	70	6,065	2,830	3,235
30 to 34 years	125	65	65	6,145	2,810	3,335
35 to 39 years	130	55	70	6,650	3,115	3,530
40 to 44 years	135	70	60	6,605	3,305	3,295
45 to 49 years	155	75	75	6,790	3,495	3,295
50 to 54 years	170	95	75	6,850	3,540	3,305
55 to 59 years	185	80	100	6,590	3,195	3,395
60 to 64 years	185	90	90	5,800	2,735	3,065
65 years and over	780	325	455	19,560	7,670	11,890
65 to 69 years	205	85	125	5,115	2,220	2,895
70 to 74 years	185	90	95	4,190	1,755	2,430
75 to 79 years	140	55	80	3,675	1,470	2,210
80 to 84 years	120	50	65	3,095	1,215	1,880
85 years and over	135	50	85	3,485	1,005	2,480
85 to 89 years	80	35	45	2,195	695	1,500
90 to 94 years	45	15	35	985	260	720
95 to 99 years	10	5	5	260	45	215
100 years and over	0	0	0	40	5	35
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.2	15.4	13.0	18.2	19.6	17.0
15 to 64 years	55.7	58.9	53.2	62.4	64.3	60.7
65 years and over	29.9	25.7	33.8	19.4	16.1	22.3
85 years and over	5.2	4.0	6.3	3.4	2.1	4.7
Average age of the population	47.6	45.3	49.7	41.4	39.6	43.0
Median age of the population	50.6	47.3	53.4	41.3	40.1	42.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	1,155	...	...	43,115	...	...
Single-detached house	800	...	...	2,940	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	3,735	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	350	...	...	36,435	...	...
Semi-detached house	35	...	...	1,395	...	...
Row house	55	...	...	425	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	35	...	...	7,135	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	215	...	...	27,295	...	...
Other single-attached house	5	...	...	195	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	0	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	1,155	...	...	43,115	...	...
1 person	390	...	...	16,625	...	...
2 persons	440	...	...	11,840	...	...
3 persons	160	...	...	6,140	...	...
4 persons	105	...	...	4,945	...	...
5 or more persons	60	...	...	3,565	...	...
Number of persons in private households	2,480	...	...	98,075	...	...
Average household size	2.1	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	2,240	1,070	1,170	82,600	38,355	44,245
Married or living common law	1,235	615	620	37,605	18,805	18,800
Married	1,040	520	525	29,310	14,650	14,665
Living common law	190	95	95	8,295	4,155	4,135
Not married and not living common law	1,005	450	550	44,995	19,545	25,445
Never married	480	290	190	28,100	14,150	13,950
Separated	110	50	65	2,380	1,030	1,350
Divorced	150	60	90	8,260	3,130	5,130
Widowed	265	50	210	6,250	1,240	5,010
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	735	...	...	25,110	...	...
2 persons	445	...	...	11,730	...	...
3 persons	155	...	...	5,870	...	...
4 persons	85	...	...	4,670	...	...
5 or more persons	50	...	...	2,840	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	730	...	...	25,110	...	...
Total couple families	595	...	...	17,755	...	...
Married couples	500	...	...	13,620	...	...
Common-law couples	95	...	...	4,135	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	135	...	...	7,355	...	...
Female parent	110	...	...	6,125	...	...
Male parent	30	...	...	1,230	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	595	...	...	17,755	...	...
Couples without children	360	...	...	7,190	...	...
Couples with children	235	...	...	10,565	...	...
1 child	105	...	...	3,910	...	...
2 children	80	...	...	4,035	...	...
3 or more children	45	...	...	2,615	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	135	...	...	7,355	...	...
1 child	85	...	...	4,545	...	...
2 children	50	...	...	1,955	...	...
3 or more children	5	...	...	860	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	515	230	285	23,080	10,830	12,250
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	1,155	...	...	43,115	...	...
One-census-family households	715	...	...	24,010	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	355	...	...	6,915	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	360	...	...	17,095	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	10	...	...	545	...	...
Non-census-family households	425	...	...	18,565	...	...
One-person households	395	...	...	16,625	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	35	...	...	1,935	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	2,505	1,230	1,280	100,090	47,400	52,690
English only	2,425	1,200	1,220	2,425	1,310	1,115
French only	0	0	0	52,615	22,900	29,715
English and French	85	30	60	42,455	22,280	20,180
Neither English nor French	0	0	0	2,595	910	1,680
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	2,505	1,230	1,280	100,095	47,400	52,690
English	2,490	1,220	1,270	8,970	4,575	4,395
French	15	5	10	81,070	37,700	43,370
English and French	0	0	0	7,535	4,250	3,285
Neither English nor French	0	0	0	2,515	875	1,635
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	15	10	10	12,740	6,700	6,040
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	0.6	0.8	0.8	12.7	14.1	11.5
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	2,510	1,230	1,275	100,090	47,400	52,690
Single responses	2,500	1,230	1,270	94,470	44,610	49,855
Official languages	2,420	1,190	1,225	54,415	25,335	29,085
English	2,400	1,180	1,215	3,705	1,890	1,815
French	15	10	10	50,710	23,440	27,270
Non-official languages	80	35	45	40,050	19,275	20,775
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	15	5	5
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Atikamekw	0	0	0	5	0	5
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	5	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	5	5	5
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	80	35	45	40,040	19,275	20,765
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	10,170	5,305	4,865
Berber languages	0	0	0	1,975	1,040	940
Kabyle	0	0	0	1,260	670	590
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	720	370	350
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	8,185	4,260	3,925
Amharic	0	0	0	5	5	5
Arabic	0	0	0	8,165	4,250	3,915
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	5	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	5	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	10	5	5
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	1,475	730	745
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	440	215	230
Vietnamese	0	0	0	1,035	515	520
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	85	25	55
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	5	5	5
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	5	5
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	5
Malagasy	0	0	0	10	5	5
Malay	0	0	0	10	0	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	50	15	35
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	9,580	4,235	5,345
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	265	135	130
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	9,295	4,090	5,205
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	5
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	230	120	105
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	225	120	105
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Indo-European languages	75	30	45	15,695	7,465	8,230
Albanian	0	0	0	25	10	15
Armenian	0	0	0	35	20	10
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	0	520	220	305
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	5
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	5
Slavic languages	5	5	0	515	220	300
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Bulgarian	0	0	0	40	15	30
Croatian	0	5	0	30	15	10
Czech	0	0	0	15	5	5
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	110	40	65
Russian	0	0	0	200	80	120
Serbian	0	0	0	35	15	20
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Slovak	0	0	0	15	5	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	15	5	5
Ukrainian	0	0	0	35	15	20
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Celtic languages	5	0	0	5	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Germanic languages	45	20	25	80	45	35
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	20	10	10	5	5	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	20	5	15	65	40	30
Icelandic	0	0	0	5	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	110	60	50
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	385	210	175
Indo-Aryan languages	0	5	0	280	155	120
Bengali	0	0	0	65	35	30
Gujarati	0	0	0	30	15	15
Hindi	0	0	0	10	5	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	5	0	5
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	90	50	35
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	15	10	5
Urdu	0	0	0	75	45	30
Iranian languages	0	0	0	105	55	50
Kurdish	0	0	0	20	5	10
Pashto	0	0	0	0	5	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	85	45	35
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	20	5	10	14,540	6,895	7,645
Catalan	0	0	0	5	5	0
Italian	10	0	5	7,305	3,455	3,850
Portuguese	0	0	0	540	250	295
Romanian	0	0	0	305	145	160
Spanish	10	5	5	6,375	3,045	3,335
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Japanese	0	0	0	5	5	5
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	15	5	5
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	810	400	405
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	10	0	5
Bamanankan	0	0	0	30	15	15
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	30	20	15
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	55	30	25
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	5	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	120	55	60
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	90	50	45
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	45	15	30
Shona	0	0	0	5	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	80	35	45
Wolof	0	0	0	115	60	60
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	5	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	230	125	100
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	25	10	10
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10
Sign languages	0	0	0	40	20	20
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	20	10	10
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	25	10	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	5	0	5	660	320	335
Chinese languages	5	0	0	655	320	330
Cantonese	0	0	0	300	150	145
Hakka	0	0	0	10	5	5
Mandarin	0	5	0	195	95	95
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	105	45	65
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	5	5	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	45	20	25
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	80	40	40
Lao	0	0	0	70	40	30
Thai	0	0	0	15	0	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	1,025	520	505
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	5	0	5
Turkish	0	0	0	1,010	520	490
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	5	0	5
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	0
Uralic languages	5	5	5	125	55	70
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	5	0	0	125	55	70
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	20
Multiple responses	10	5	5	5,620	2,790	2,830
English and French	0	0	5	705	375	335
English and non-official language	5	5	5	445	220	230
French and non-official language	5	0	0	4,025	1,955	2,070
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	445	240	200
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	2,505	1,230	1,275	100,090	47,400	52,690
Single responses	2,490	1,225	1,265	87,080	41,100	45,980
Official languages	2,480	1,225	1,260	65,870	31,060	34,815
English	2,475	1,220	1,260	6,800	3,420	3,380
French	5	0	5	59,070	27,635	31,435
Non-official languages	10	5	10	21,210	10,040	11,160
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	5	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	10	0	5	21,200	10,040	11,160
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	5,130	2,620	2,505
Berber languages	0	0	0	770	395	375
Kabyle	0	0	0	565	295	270
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	205	105	105
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	4,360	2,230	2,135
Amharic	0	0	0	5	5	5
Arabic	0	0	0	4,350	2,225	2,130
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	5	5	5
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	1,120	550	575
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	280	130	150
Vietnamese	0	0	0	845	420	425
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	20	5	15
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	5	0	5
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	5	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	5	5	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Creole languages	0	0	0	3,955	1,740	2,215
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	135	60	75
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	3,810	1,670	2,140
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	150	80	75
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	155	80	75
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	5	0	5	9,065	4,175	4,890
Albanian	0	0	0	5	5	0
Armenian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	310	140	170
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	5	0	0	305	140	170
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Bulgarian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Croatian	0	0	0	15	5	10
Czech	0	0	0	5	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	5	5
Polish	5	0	0	55	25	35
Russian	0	0	0	155	65	85
Serbian	0	0	0	25	15	10
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	5	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	15	5	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	5	0	5	10	5	5
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	5	5	5	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	5	0	5
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	50	25	25
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	245	130	120
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	185	100	90
Bengali	0	0	0	45	25	20
Gujarati	0	0	0	10	5	10
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	50	25	25
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	15	5	5
Urdu	0	0	0	70	35	35
Iranian languages	0	0	0	55	25	25
Kurdish	0	0	0	10	5	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	50	25	25
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	5	0	8,425	3,865	4,560
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	5	0	0	3,665	1,605	2,060
Portuguese	0	0	0	240	100	135
Romanian	0	0	0	165	80	90
Spanish	0	0	0	4,360	2,085	2,275
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	5	0	0	5	0	5
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	195	85	110
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	5	5	5
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	10	5	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	25	10	15
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	30	15	20
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	10	0	5
Shona	0	0	0	5	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	20	10	10
Wolof	0	0	0	40	25	20
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	15	15
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	5
Sign languages	0	0	0	50	25	30
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	30	15	15
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	25	10	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	500	250	250
Chinese languages	0	0	0	500	250	250
Cantonese	0	0	0	220	120	105
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	180	95	90
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	55	25	35
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	30	15	20
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	35	20	20
Lao	0	0	0	35	20	15
Thai	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	850	430	420
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	845	425	420
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	5	0	5
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	95	45	50
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	95	45	50
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Multiple responses	20	5	10	13,010	6,300	6,715
English and French	5	0	0	1,140	585	560
English and non-official language	15	5	10	745	375	375
French and non-official language	0	0	0	9,775	4,645	5,125
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	1,355	700	650
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	2,510	1,230	1,275	100,090	47,400	52,690
None	2,475	1,215	1,255	70,570	32,975	37,595
English	5	0	0	4,675	2,355	2,315
French	10	0	5	9,735	4,735	4,995
Non-official language	30	10	15	12,955	6,250	6,705
Aboriginal	0	0	0	5	0	5
Non-Aboriginal	30	10	15	12,950	6,245	6,705
English and French	0	0	0	800	420	375
English and non-official language	0	0	0	720	325	395
French and non-official language	0	0	5	605	310	290
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	30	20	10
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	2,105	1,025	1,090	79,670	37,435	42,235
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	2,030	980	1,050	76,155	35,760	40,395
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	27,392	32,368	23,177	24,217	26,400	22,706
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	2,030	980	1,050	76,160	35,765	40,400
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	25,716	29,248	22,669	23,191	24,766	21,942
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	1,720	845	870	61,585	30,155	31,430
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	23,520	30,656	17,515	20,987	24,402	17,980
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	1,630	740	890	66,995	30,490	36,510
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	10,732	9,984	11,290	8,053	4,906	10,170
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	1,255	655	600	48,410	24,990	23,420
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,320	33,648	22,848	23,706	25,850	21,671
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	2,195	1,085	1,115	79,625	37,410	42,215
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	2,110	1,040	1,070	76,090	35,755	40,340
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,955	38,864	29,185	30,186	32,479	28,155
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	2,110	1,040	1,070	76,095	35,755	40,340
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,991	33,806	26,282	26,518	27,950	25,249
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,825	915	905	61,615	30,065	31,550
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,930	35,893	23,912	27,367	30,969	23,934
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,700	785	920	67,025	30,515	36,510
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	10,077	9,680	10,416	9,111	7,539	10,426
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,335	690	650	48,345	24,840	23,510
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,302	37,448	24,722	28,965	31,519	26,267
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	2,200	1,085	1,115	79,625	37,405	42,215
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	700	425	270	18,460	10,190	8,270
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	39,045	42,654	32,935	37,634	38,909	35,841
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	43,509	47,634	36,982	42,697	45,004	39,857
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	75.1	80.9	68.2	73.6	80.3	66.7
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	60.0	66.7	52.1	61.1	67.4	54.7
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	24.9	19.0	32.3	26.4	19.6	33.3
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	2,110	1,025	1,085	79,675	37,435	42,235
Without total income	80	45	35	3,515	1,675	1,840
With total income	2,030	980	1,050	76,155	35,760	40,395
Percentage with total income	96.2	95.6	96.8	95.6	95.5	95.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	235	100	135	12,000	5,950	6,050
$10,000 to $19,999	435	165	270	18,880	7,555	11,325
$20,000 to $29,999	430	185	245	14,920	6,535	8,390
$30,000 to $39,999	310	135	175	10,910	5,480	5,430
$40,000 to $49,999	230	120	110	7,770	3,815	3,955
$50,000 to $59,999	135	85	50	4,530	2,310	2,215
$60,000 to $69,999	95	70	30	2,620	1,425	1,195
$70,000 to $79,999	50	30	15	1,690	925	765
$80,000 to $89,999	30	20	10	1,020	575	450
$90,000 to $99,999	25	20	10	615	395	220
$100,000 and over	50	45	10	1,205	800	405
$100,000 to $149,999	40	30	5	895	580	320
$150,000 and over	10	10	0	305	220	90
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	2,110	1,020	1,085	79,670	37,435	42,235
Without after-tax income	80	45	35	3,510	1,675	1,840
With after-tax income	2,030	980	1,055	76,160	35,765	40,400
Percentage with after-tax income	96.2	96.1	97.2	95.6	95.5	95.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	240	105	140	12,225	6,005	6,215
$10,000 to $19,999	460	175	280	19,580	7,910	11,670
$20,000 to $29,999	500	225	275	17,290	7,875	9,420
$30,000 to $39,999	330	155	175	12,970	6,575	6,395
$40,000 to $49,999	235	135	105	7,065	3,505	3,555
$50,000 to $59,999	120	80	40	3,485	1,815	1,675
$60,000 to $69,999	50	35	15	1,765	950	810
$70,000 to $79,999	40	25	15	835	490	345
$80,000 and over	50	40	10	950	640	310
$80,000 to $89,999	25	20	5	370	235	130
$90,000 to $99,999	5	10	0	195	135	60
$100,000 and over	20	15	0	390	275	115
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	2,110	1,025	1,085	79,670	37,435	42,235
Without employment income	855	365	490	31,260	12,445	18,815
With employment income	1,255	660	595	48,415	24,985	23,420
Percentage with employment income	59.5	64.4	54.8	60.8	66.7	55.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	195	95	100	7,295	3,530	3,765
$5,000 to $9,999	115	40	70	4,870	2,290	2,580
$10,000 to $19,999	165	75	95	9,020	4,345	4,670
$20,000 to $29,999	180	85	95	7,885	3,990	3,900
$30,000 to $39,999	200	90	110	6,770	3,690	3,075
$40,000 to $49,999	135	80	55	4,725	2,485	2,240
$50,000 to $59,999	90	70	25	2,810	1,600	1,210
$60,000 to $69,999	65	45	15	1,750	1,030	720
$70,000 to $79,999	30	20	10	1,310	715	600
$80,000 and over	85	65	20	1,985	1,325	660
$80,000 to $89,999	25	10	5	710	455	260
$90,000 to $99,999	25	20	5	445	295	150
$100,000 and over	40	35	5	825	575	250
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	1,150	...	...	43,115	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	48,640	...	...	43,347	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	45,632	...	...	39,772	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	395	...	...	16,625	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	24,939	...	...	24,912	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	24,288	...	...	23,924	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	755	...	...	26,490	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	65,254	...	...	57,300	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	59,878	...	...	52,950	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	1,195	...	...	43,090	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	60,091	...	...	53,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	53,074	...	...	46,823	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	370	...	...	16,605	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,498	...	...	31,742	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	28,371	...	...	27,602	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	825	...	...	26,490	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	72,928	...	...	66,813	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	64,165	...	...	58,872	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	1,155	...	...	43,115	...	...
Under $5,000	10	...	...	550	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	15	...	...	1,105	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	50	...	...	2,345	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	55	...	...	3,350	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	105	...	...	3,465	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	65	...	...	2,910	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	100	...	...	2,885	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	70	...	...	3,020	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	60	...	...	2,830	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	55	...	...	2,495	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	100	...	...	4,275	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	95	...	...	3,385	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	85	...	...	2,570	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	65	...	...	1,855	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	55	...	...	1,415	...	...
$100,000 and over	165	...	...	4,645	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	85	...	...	2,250	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	50	...	...	1,090	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	25	...	...	890	...	...
$200,000 and over	5	...	...	410	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	1,150	...	...	43,115	...	...
Under $5,000	10	...	...	585	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	20	...	...	1,110	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	50	...	...	2,355	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	55	...	...	3,510	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	115	...	...	3,850	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	75	...	...	3,300	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	100	...	...	3,555	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	65	...	...	3,435	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	75	...	...	2,955	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	60	...	...	2,735	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	115	...	...	4,550	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	105	...	...	3,460	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	90	...	...	2,195	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	55	...	...	1,680	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	50	...	...	1,175	...	...
$100,000 and over	105	...	...	2,675	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	70	...	...	1,540	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	25	...	...	640	...	...
$150,000 and over	10	...	...	495	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	730	...	...	25,220	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	65,254	...	...	57,299	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	59,827	...	...	52,960	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	340	...	...	6,715	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	61,568	...	...	53,302	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	56,832	...	...	48,745	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	240	...	...	10,610	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	83,763	...	...	69,906	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	75,520	...	...	64,302	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.8	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	135	...	...	6,985	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	45,440	...	...	43,170	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	42,624	...	...	41,107	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	795	...	...	25,210	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	72,740	...	...	66,924	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	63,995	...	...	58,913	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	385	...	...	6,715	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	67,905	...	...	65,398	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	59,332	...	...	55,760	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	275	...	...	10,625	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	88,893	...	...	79,859	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	78,198	...	...	70,345	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	120	...	...	6,965	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	55,221	...	...	49,815	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	49,591	...	...	45,398	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	465	215	250	20,125	9,480	10,650
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	24,640	27,648	23,360	23,824	24,643	23,346
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	23,984	25,685	22,891	22,973	23,437	22,729
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	470	230	230	20,145	9,670	10,475
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	30,014	30,909	29,117	30,272	30,972	29,625
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	26,937	27,272	26,602	26,441	26,677	26,222
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	2,480	1,220	1,260	98,075	46,800	51,275
In the bottom half of the distribution	1,705	800	905	77,455	36,460	41,000
In the bottom decile	245	125	120	16,740	7,950	8,785
In the second decile	440	180	260	18,660	8,410	10,255
In the third decile	400	195	205	18,240	8,585	9,650
In the fourth decile	330	160	165	13,860	6,680	7,175
In the fifth decile	300	140	150	9,960	4,830	5,130
In the top half of the distribution	775	415	360	20,615	10,340	10,280
In the sixth decile	260	145	115	7,575	3,790	3,790
In the seventh decile	205	105	100	5,255	2,645	2,610
In the eighth decile	130	70	55	3,890	1,945	1,940
In the ninth decile	145	75	65	2,510	1,245	1,265
In the top decile	40	20	15	1,385	710	675
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	2,480	1,220	1,265	98,070	46,800	51,275
0 to 17 years	445	245	205	21,510	10,935	10,575
0 to 5 years	150	75	70	8,110	4,160	3,955
18 to 64 years	1,370	690	675	59,535	28,885	30,650
65 years and over	665	280	380	17,030	6,970	10,050
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	470	215	260	26,040	11,955	14,085
0 to 17 years	100	50	45	6,775	3,485	3,295
0 to 5 years	45	20	20	2,675	1,380	1,295
18 to 64 years	245	120	125	15,160	7,125	8,035
65 years and over	125	35	90	4,110	1,350	2,760
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	19.0	17.6	20.6	26.6	25.5	27.5
0 to 17 years (%)	22.5	20.4	22.0	31.5	31.9	31.2
0 to 5 years (%)	30.0	26.7	28.6	33.0	33.2	32.7
18 to 64 years (%)	17.9	17.4	18.5	25.5	24.7	26.2
65 years and over (%)	18.8	12.5	23.7	24.1	19.4	27.5
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	160	90	70	20,310	9,455	10,860
0 to 17 years	30	20	10	5,050	2,570	2,480
0 to 5 years	15	10	10	2,000	1,030	970
18 to 64 years	125	70	55	12,390	5,980	6,415
65 years and over	5	0	5	2,875	910	1,970
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.5	7.4	5.5	20.7	20.2	21.2
0 to 17 years (%)	6.7	8.2	4.9	23.5	23.5	23.5
0 to 5 years (%)	10.0	13.3	14.3	24.7	24.8	24.5
18 to 64 years (%)	9.1	10.1	8.1	20.8	20.7	20.9
65 years and over (%)	0.8	0.0	1.3	16.9	13.1	19.6
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	2,655	1,315	1,340	97,985	46,770	51,215
Official languages	2,655	1,320	1,340	95,445	45,825	49,615
English	2,655	1,320	1,335	44,220	23,450	20,775
French	90	45	50	92,945	44,445	48,495
Non-official languages	115	65	45	55,855	26,910	28,945
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	10	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	10	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	115	65	50	55,850	26,905	28,945
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	14,045	7,400	6,645
Berber languages	0	0	0	2,635	1,405	1,235
Kabyle	0	0	0	1,670	880	795
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	970	535	440
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	12,645	6,660	5,985
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	10
Arabic	0	0	0	12,625	6,655	5,975
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	20	0	15
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	1,775	880	900
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	485	250	240
Vietnamese	0	0	0	1,340	650	690
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	105	45	60
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	10	0	10
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	10
Malagasy	0	0	0	30	15	15
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	65	25	40
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	10
Creole languages	10	0	10	16,035	7,165	8,865
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	420	230	185
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15,645	6,935	8,710
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	35	20	10
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	270	130	140
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	270	130	135
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	110	65	40	21,015	10,085	10,930
Albanian	0	0	0	60	25	30
Armenian	0	0	0	50	30	20
Balto-Slavic languages	10	10	0	730	310	420
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	10	0	0	730	310	420
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	60	20	45
Croatian	0	0	0	35	15	15
Czech	0	0	0	20	10	10
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	10	135	50	85
Russian	0	0	0	355	155	195
Serbian	0	0	0	90	40	50
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	20	10	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Ukrainian	0	0	0	80	40	40
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	70	50	20	260	150	105
Afrikaans	0	0	0	15	10	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	35	25	15	20	15	10
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	50	35	15	215	130	90
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	10	0	10	155	85	70
Indo-Iranian languages	0	10	0	585	255	325
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	450	195	250
Bengali	0	0	0	40	20	20
Gujarati	0	0	0	60	15	45
Hindi	0	0	0	60	35	25
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	75	45	35
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Urdu	10	0	0	270	95	170
Iranian languages	0	0	0	145	65	80
Kurdish	0	0	0	35	10	25
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	115	55	55
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	0
Italic (Romance) languages	15	0	10	19,465	9,360	10,100
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	10	0	10	9,250	4,400	4,855
Portuguese	0	0	0	945	505	440
Romanian	0	0	0	390	210	175
Spanish	10	10	10	9,875	4,720	5,150
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Japanese	0	0	0	25	10	20
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	10
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	1,550	755	795
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	15	10	15
Bamanankan	0	0	0	80	35	35
Edo	0	0	0	10	10	10
Ewe	0	0	0	35	15	15
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	105	40	70
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	480	225	255
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	115	50	55
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	110	35	75
Shona	0	0	0	0	10	0
Swahili	0	0	0	205	85	115
Wolof	0	0	0	255	150	105
Yoruba	0	0	0	25	15	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	410	225	185
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	175	80	100
American Sign Language	0	0	0	10	0	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	95	45	50
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	35	40
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	815	400	410
Chinese languages	0	0	0	805	390	415
Cantonese	0	0	0	410	185	225
Hakka	0	0	0	10	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	335	170	160
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	100	50	50
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	15	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	10	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	105	45	55
Lao	0	0	0	75	35	35
Thai	0	0	0	45	20	25
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	1,125	540	585
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	1,115	535	580
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	15	10	10
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	115	75	35
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	115	75	35
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	65	40	30
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	2,655	1,320	1,340	97,985	46,770	51,215
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	2,605	1,300	1,300	84,540	40,390	44,145
Canadian citizens aged under 18	510	265	245	18,900	9,605	9,295
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	2,090	1,035	1,055	65,640	30,785	34,850
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	55	15	35	13,450	6,385	7,070
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	2,660	1,320	1,340	97,990	46,770	51,215
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	2,530	1,265	1,265	56,755	26,960	29,795
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	120	50	70	40,000	19,165	20,835
Before 1981	70	30	35	7,810	3,745	4,070
1981 to 1990	15	0	10	4,915	2,415	2,495
1991 to 2000	10	0	0	6,865	3,325	3,545
2001 to 2010	10	10	10	11,400	5,455	5,940
2001 to 2005	0	0	0	4,300	2,080	2,220
2006 to 2010	15	10	10	7,105	3,380	3,720
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	20	10	15	9,000	4,220	4,780
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	0	0	10	1,230	650	585
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	125	50	70	40,000	19,160	20,830
Under 5 years	10	0	0	3,805	2,010	1,800
5 to 14 years	25	15	10	6,445	3,025	3,420
15 to 24 years	50	15	30	8,655	3,820	4,835
25 to 44 years	30	10	20	18,400	9,140	9,260
45 years and over	10	0	0	2,690	1,170	1,520
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	120	50	70	39,995	19,165	20,835
Americas	35	10	25	17,865	8,035	9,830
Brazil	0	0	0	55	15	40
Colombia	0	0	0	400	195	210
El Salvador	0	0	0	995	495	500
Guyana	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	12,475	5,470	7,000
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	525	210	315
Peru	0	0	0	680	310	365
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	15	0	10
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	35	10	25	480	275	205
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	2,240	1,060	1,185
Europe	85	40	45	6,680	3,160	3,515
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	50	30	15
Croatia	0	0	0	25	10	10
France	0	0	0	705	310	395
Germany	0	0	0	25	0	20
Greece	0	0	0	45	30	15
Hungary	0	0	0	80	60	20
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italy	10	0	10	4,380	2,040	2,345
Netherlands	25	20	10	15	10	10
Poland	10	0	10	90	25	65
Portugal	0	0	0	360	185	175
Romania	0	0	0	240	125	115
Russian Federation	0	0	0	40	10	30
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	0	0	0	40	20	20
Ukraine	0	0	0	65	25	40
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	25	10	15	45	30	15
Other places of birth in Europe	10	10	0	470	240	225
Africa	0	0	0	10,850	5,640	5,205
Algeria	0	0	0	4,430	2,305	2,130
Egypt	0	0	0	165	110	60
Ethiopia	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kenya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	3,505	1,830	1,680
Nigeria	0	0	0	10	10	0
Somalia	0	0	0	10	0	10
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	2,725	1,400	1,325
Asia	10	0	0	4,600	2,320	2,280
Afghanistan	0	0	0	45	15	25
Bangladesh	0	0	0	30	15	15
China^{Census data footnote 59}	0	0	0	330	135	190
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	15	15	0
India	0	0	0	40	25	15
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	25	20	10
Iraq	0	0	0	100	45	50
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	10	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	1,315	710	605
Pakistan	10	0	0	105	35	65
Philippines	0	0	0	75	35	45
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	175	100	75
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	215	120	90
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	925	415	505
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	1,195	620	580
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	10	10	0
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	20	10	15	9,000	4,220	4,775
Americas	10	0	0	4,445	1,960	2,485
Brazil	0	0	0	0	10	0
Colombia	0	0	0	90	50	40
Cuba	0	0	0	60	25	40
Haiti	0	0	0	3,725	1,630	2,090
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	120	50	70
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	0	0	0	150	60	85
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	10	0	10
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	290	140	150
Europe	20	10	10	215	110	110
France	0	0	0	75	20	55
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	25	10	10
Romania	0	0	0	10	10	10
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	10	10	10
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	0	0	0	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	15	10	0	85	70	15
Africa	0	0	0	3,950	1,935	2,015
Algeria	0	0	0	1,865	930	935
Cameroon	0	0	0	305	145	160
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	160	85	70
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	110	45	60
Egypt	0	0	0	25	15	10
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	890	445	440
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	165	80	90
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	435	185	245
Asia	0	0	0	390	215	170
Afghanistan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	0	0	0	25	10	20
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	75	60	15
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	20	10	10
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	20	10	10
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	45	30	20
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	45	25	20
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	10	15	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	80	45	35
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	45	15	30
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	2,655	1,320	1,335	97,990	46,770	51,215
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	135	55	80	41,645	20,035	21,605
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	340	160	180	22,420	11,235	11,185
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	2,180	1,105	1,075	33,925	15,505	18,420
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	55	20	35	32,655	15,645	17,010
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	15	10	0	13,720	7,390	6,330
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	0	0	0	6,575	4,210	2,365
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	15	10	10	7,150	3,180	3,965
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	30	0	25	12,100	4,820	7,280
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	10	0	0	6,000	3,035	2,970
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	0	0	0	830	400	430
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	2,660	1,320	1,340	97,990	46,770	51,215
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	105	45	60	590	300	290
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	95	40	60	545	280	265
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	50	15	35	200	105	95
Métis	50	25	25	340	175	170
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	10	0	0	25	10	10
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	0	0	0	20	0	10
Non-Aboriginal identity	2,555	1,275	1,280	97,390	46,470	50,925
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	2,655	1,315	1,335	97,985	46,775	51,215
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	10	0	0	145	60	85
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	2,650	1,320	1,335	97,840	46,710	51,130
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	2,655	1,320	1,340	97,990	46,775	51,215
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	0	0	10	385	190	195
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	10	0	10	370	180	185
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	10	0	0	300	155	145
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	65	25	40
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	10	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	0	0	0	15	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	0	0	0	15	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	140	75	70	1,510	595	915
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	140	70	70	1,490	580	905
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	90	40	50	1,325	515	805
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	45	30	20	165	65	100
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	0	0	0	20	15	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	20	15	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	2,510	1,250	1,260	96,095	45,990	50,105
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	2,660	1,320	1,340	97,985	46,770	51,215
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	15	15	0	45,305	21,950	23,360
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	0	0	0	715	345	370
Chinese	0	0	0	730	350	385
Black	10	0	0	23,505	10,860	12,645
Filipino	0	0	0	105	45	60
Latin American	0	0	0	6,665	3,280	3,390
Arab	0	0	0	10,560	5,595	4,970
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	0	0	0	1,885	915	970
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	0	0	0	405	195	215
Korean	0	0	0	30	20	10
Japanese	0	0	0	15	0	10
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	0	0	0	120	65	55
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	0	0	0	565	275	285
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	2,640	1,305	1,335	52,685	24,825	27,855
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	2,660	1,315	1,340	97,990	46,770	51,215
North American Aboriginal origins	150	70	80	1,895	785	1,110
First Nations (North American Indian)	100	40	60	1,660	690	970
Inuit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis	50	25	20	265	110	155
Other North American origins	965	505	460	27,270	12,500	14,770
Acadian	10	10	0	285	130	155
American	40	10	25	500	225	275
Canadian	940	505	435	24,590	11,235	13,355
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	10	0	15
Newfoundlander	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Québécois	0	0	0	2,470	1,185	1,290
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	2,160	1,050	1,110	30,770	14,400	16,375
British Isles origins	1,760	860	895	4,305	1,855	2,450
Channel Islander	0	0	0	10	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0	0	0
English	1,000	475	530	1,130	500	630
Irish	845	415	430	2,730	1,115	1,615
Manx	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish	870	410	460	1,010	470	535
Welsh	40	0	35	35	20	15
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	75	40	35	115	40	75
French origins	230	130	100	13,020	5,885	7,135
Alsatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	100	40	60
Corsican	0	0	0	15	10	15
French	235	130	105	12,935	5,850	7,090
Western European origins (except French origins)	860	425	435	1,590	735	855
Austrian	35	20	15	45	20	20
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	15	0	15	370	180	190
Dutch	115	55	55	85	25	60
Flemish	0	0	0	15	0	10
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	725	360	365	975	425	545
Luxembourger	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss	10	0	0	165	90	80
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	30	20	15	60	25	30
Danish	10	0	0	30	15	15
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	0	10	10	0	10
Swedish	15	10	10	20	10	10
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	0	0	0	10	0	10
Eastern European origins	150	60	90	1,700	810	890
Bulgarian	0	0	0	70	20	50
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	15	0	10
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	0	0	0	40	10	30
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	10	0	10	260	150	110
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	10	10	0	15	10	10
Moldovan	0	0	0	75	35	40
Polish	50	25	30	460	205	260
Romanian	0	0	0	400	220	180
Russian	35	15	20	245	105	140
Slovak	0	0	0	25	15	10
Ukrainian	45	15	30	270	100	170
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	0	0	0	15	0	10
Southern European origins	90	45	40	14,795	7,175	7,620
Albanian	0	0	0	55	20	35
Bosnian	0	0	0	50	25	25
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	10	0	0	70	35	35
Cypriot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	10	0	0	355	215	140
Italian	50	30	20	11,585	5,500	6,080
Kosovar	0	0	0	20	10	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	10	0	0	0	0
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	1,130	585	550
Serbian	0	0	0	85	40	50
Sicilian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Slovenian	20	0	10	40	15	30
Spanish	0	0	10	2,155	1,090	1,065
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	0	0	0	0	0	10
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	0	0	0	280	150	130
Basque	0	0	0	30	20	10
Jewish	0	0	0	120	55	60
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	20	15	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	0	0	0	105	55	55
Caribbean origins	10	10	0	19,220	8,815	10,410
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	20	15	15
Bermudan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	375	140	235
Dominican	0	0	0	580	270	310
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	30	10	15
Haitian	0	0	0	18,115	8,285	9,830
Jamaican	0	0	0	170	115	55
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	30	15	15
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	60	20	40
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	15	0	15
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	0	0	0	110	60	50
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	0	0	0	130	55	70
Latin, Central and South American origins	15	10	10	6,675	3,300	3,375
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	0	0	0	360	180	185
Arawak	0	0	0	10	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	95	55	40
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	45	20	25
Brazilian	0	0	0	135	55	75
Chilean	0	0	0	335	185	150
Colombian	0	0	0	590	295	295
Costa Rican	0	0	0	70	45	30
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	145	85	60
Guatemalan	0	0	0	815	420	395
Guyanese	20	10	15	15	0	20
Hispanic	0	0	0	40	15	25
Honduran	0	0	0	480	230	260
Maya	0	0	0	190	140	55
Mexican	0	0	0	750	340	410
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	190	100	95
Panamanian	0	0	0	60	40	25
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	890	440	450
Salvadorean	0	0	0	1,640	835	810
Uruguayan	0	0	0	55	30	25
Venezuelan	0	0	0	120	50	65
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	0	0	0	335	195	140
African origins	10	0	10	16,290	8,390	7,905
Central and West African origins	0	0	0	2,225	1,105	1,115
Akan	0	0	0	15	15	0
Angolan	0	0	0	20	10	10
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	95	50	45
Burkinabe	0	0	0	115	65	55
Cameroonian	0	0	0	465	230	235
Chadian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	680	335	345
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	15	15	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	25	15	10
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	35	10	25
Guinean	0	0	0	120	55	65
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	135	45	90
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	55	30	25
Malinké	0	0	0	30	15	10
Nigerian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Peulh	0	0	0	120	40	75
Senegalese	0	0	0	250	140	115
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	65	30	40
Wolof	0	0	0	50	35	15
Yoruba	0	0	0	25	15	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	0	0	0	135	70	65
North African origins	0	0	10	10,920	5,760	5,160
Algerian	0	0	0	3,710	1,915	1,790
Berber	0	0	0	2,695	1,435	1,255
Coptic	0	0	0	10	10	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	10	0	10	240	160	80
Libyan	0	0	0	15	10	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	4,330	2,235	2,090
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	10	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	515	280	235
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	205	120	90
Southern and East African origins	0	0	0	560	260	305
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	10	10	0
Burundian	0	0	0	195	90	105
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	30	15	15
Mauritian	0	0	0	85	40	45
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	150	60	90
Seychellois	0	0	0	20	10	10
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	10
South African	0	0	0	10	0	10
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	20	10	10
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	35	15	15
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	0	0	0	35	20	10
Other African origins	10	0	10	2,720	1,345	1,375
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	0	0	10	135	65	70
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	0	0	0	2,640	1,320	1,320
Asian origins	20	10	10	10,750	5,460	5,295
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	0	0	10	6,895	3,605	3,290
Afghan	0	0	0	30	10	20
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	0	0	0	2,275	1,180	1,100
Armenian	0	0	0	125	85	40
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	10	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	105	55	50
Iraqi	0	0	0	140	80	60
Israeli	0	0	0	10	10	10
Jordanian	0	0	0	25	20	10
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0	25	15	10
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	10	0	10
Lebanese	0	0	0	2,670	1,465	1,205
Palestinian	0	0	0	85	35	45
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Syrian	0	0	0	320	170	155
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	0	0	0	1,195	590	610
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	15	0	10
Yemeni	0	0	0	10	0	10
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	0	0	0	35	20	15
South Asian origins	10	0	0	820	375	445
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	20	0	10
Bengali	0	0	0	20	10	10
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	10	0	0	350	145	210
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	10	0	190	90	100
Punjabi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	10	10	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	170	95	75
Tamil	0	0	0	75	35	35
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	0	0	25	10	10
East and Southeast Asian origins	0	0	0	3,050	1,475	1,580
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	560	290	270
Chinese	0	0	0	1,180	565	615
Filipino	0	0	0	135	50	80
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	15	0	10
Japanese	10	0	0	50	15	30
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	40	30	15
Laotian	0	0	0	100	40	60
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	40	10	30
Tibetan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	1,340	640	700
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	10	0	0
Other Asian origins	0	0	0	15	15	10
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	0	0	0	15	10	0
Oceania origins	0	10	0	0	10	0
Australian	0	0	0	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	10	0
Pacific Islands origins	10	10	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	1,190	...	...	43,095	...	...
Owner	830	...	...	12,635	...	...
Renter	365	...	...	30,465	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	1,190	...	...	43,095	...	...
Condominium	50	...	...	4,000	...	...
Not condominium	1,140	...	...	39,100	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	1,190	...	...	43,095	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	435	...	...
1 bedroom	155	...	...	9,995	...	...
2 bedrooms	350	...	...	16,375	...	...
3 bedrooms	460	...	...	13,425	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	220	...	...	2,865	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	1,190	...	...	43,095	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	265	...	...	23,980	...	...
5 rooms	180	...	...	10,650	...	...
6 rooms	210	...	...	3,070	...	...
7 rooms	175	...	...	2,295	...	...
8 or more rooms	370	...	...	3,100	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	1,190	...	...	43,095	...	...
One person or fewer per room	1,185	...	...	41,425	...	...
More than 1 person per room	10	...	...	1,665	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	1,195	...	...	43,095	...	...
Suitable	1,160	...	...	38,405	...	...
Not suitable	35	...	...	4,685	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	1,195	...	...	43,095	...	...
1960 or before	580	...	...	13,540	...	...
1961 to 1980	290	...	...	21,190	...	...
1981 to 1990	95	...	...	4,325	...	...
1991 to 2000	115	...	...	1,810	...	...
2001 to 2005	25	...	...	695	...	...
2006 to 2010	50	...	...	725	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	40	...	...	795	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	1,195	...	...	43,095	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	1,080	...	...	39,645	...	...
Major repairs needed	115	...	...	3,445	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	1,195	...	...	43,095	...	...
1 household maintainer	780	...	...	31,065	...	...
2 household maintainers	400	...	...	11,095	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	10	...	...	940	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	1,190	...	...	43,090	...	...
15 to 24 years	45	...	...	1,090	...	...
25 to 34 years	130	...	...	5,175	...	...
35 to 44 years	180	...	...	7,555	...	...
45 to 54 years	175	...	...	8,830	...	...
55 to 64 years	175	...	...	8,205	...	...
65 to 74 years	250	...	...	6,100	...	...
75 to 84 years	170	...	...	4,220	...	...
85 years and over	70	...	...	1,925	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	1,195	...	...	43,085	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	940	...	...	28,735	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	255	...	...	14,350	...	...
30% to less than 100%	235	...	...	13,110	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	830	...	...	12,630	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	52.7	...	...	56.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	11.4	...	...	25.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	773	...	...	1,065	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	862	...	...	1,226	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	197,763	...	...	348,881	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	221,322	...	...	366,668	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	365	...	...	30,460	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	20.8	...	...	8.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	42.5	...	...	36.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	714	...	...	713	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	747	...	...	757	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	2,195	1,085	1,115	79,625	37,410	42,220
No certificate, diploma or degree	725	380	345	23,345	10,715	12,630
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	570	275	295	17,800	8,345	9,455
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	900	430	470	38,470	18,350	20,125
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	240	165	70	13,225	6,770	6,455
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	120	75	50	9,755	4,470	5,280
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	115	90	20	3,470	2,300	1,175
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	470	175	300	11,105	4,995	6,110
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	30	20	10	2,845	1,210	1,635
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	165	70	90	11,290	5,375	5,920
Bachelor's degree	110	50	65	7,545	3,460	4,080
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	15	0	15	1,370	695	675
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	10	0	0	190	90	100
Master's degree	25	15	10	1,920	965	950
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	0	0	0	270	155	115
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	1,220	585	630	51,110	24,865	26,240
No certificate, diploma or degree	290	160	135	11,095	5,480	5,615
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	340	170	170	10,130	5,095	5,035
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	585	260	330	29,885	14,290	15,590
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	140	95	45	10,325	5,030	5,295
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	70	45	30	7,725	3,410	4,315
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	70	55	15	2,595	1,625	970
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	345	125	220	7,895	3,760	4,135
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15	10	0	2,085	915	1,170
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	95	30	60	9,580	4,580	5,000
Bachelor's degree	50	15	40	6,325	2,945	3,380
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	10	0	10	1,190	600	590
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	155	60	90
Master's degree	25	15	10	1,690	855	840
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	0	0	0	220	125	95
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	2,200	1,085	1,115	79,625	37,405	42,215
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	1,295	650	645	41,155	19,060	22,095
Education	35	10	30	2,275	625	1,645
13. Education	40	10	30	2,275	625	1,645
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	60	40	20	1,525	695	830
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	15	20	0	315	240	75
50. Visual and performing arts	40	20	20	1,210	455	755
Humanities	75	45	30	2,250	820	1,425
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	0	0	0	355	80	270
23. English language and literature/letters	10	0	10	155	40	115
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	10	0	980	335	645
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	10	0	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	10	0	90	60	35
39. Theology and religious vocations	45	30	15	125	110	20
54. History	10	10	0	165	90	75
55. French language and literature/letters	0	0	0	370	110	265
Social and behavioural sciences and law	60	10	50	4,115	1,305	2,810
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	45	15	30
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	10	0	10	355	150	210
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	20	0	20	1,140	125	1,015
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	780	285	500
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	20	0	10	95	15	80
42. Psychology	0	0	10	485	105	380
45. Social sciences	10	0	10	1,210	615	595
Business, management and public administration	110	40	75	7,860	2,950	4,905
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	20	10	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	15	10	10	355	100	245
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	95	35	65	7,490	2,840	4,650
Physical and life sciences and technologies	10	10	0	1,535	865	670
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	505	195	310
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	10	0	0	285	170	115
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	195	105	90
40. Physical sciences	10	0	0	465	340	125
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	85	55	35
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	40	25	15	1,890	1,380	515
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	20	15	10	1,540	1,205	330
25. Library science	0	0	0	135	40	95
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	10	0	190	115	80
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	25	15	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	170	155	15	7,495	6,900	595
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	240	165	80
14. Engineering	10	10	0	1,530	1,295	230
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	30	25	10	1,320	1,190	130
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	50	50	0	1,875	1,820	60
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	65	65	0	1,555	1,520	35
48. Precision production	15	10	0	970	915	60
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	25	10	15	405	230	180
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	20	0	20	355	185	170
03. Natural resources and conservation	10	10	0	50	40	10
Health and related fields	200	20	175	6,060	1,050	5,010
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	10	0	0	215	130	90
51. Health professions and related programs	195	20	170	5,805	900	4,905
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	0	0	0	35	20	15
Personal, protective and transportation services	125	75	50	3,055	1,530	1,525
12. Personal and culinary services	45	15	35	1,840	490	1,350
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	10	10	0
43. Security and protective services	35	20	20	590	470	125
49. Transportation and materials moving	40	40	0	615	565	50
Other	0	0	0	10	0	15
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	10	0	15
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	1,215	590	635	51,110	24,870	26,240
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	630	330	305	21,230	10,580	10,650
Education	20	10	15	1,565	415	1,150
13. Education	20	10	15	1,560	410	1,150
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	45	30	15	1,105	530	575
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	10	10	0	230	165	60
50. Visual and performing arts	35	15	15	880	365	510
Humanities	60	40	25	1,485	545	935
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	0	0	0	295	75	225
23. English language and literature/letters	10	0	10	125	30	100
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10	0	0	505	190	315
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	10	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	60	40	20
39. Theology and religious vocations	35	20	15	85	75	10
54. History	10	0	0	110	55	55
55. French language and literature/letters	0	0	0	300	90	215
Social and behavioural sciences and law	40	0	35	3,290	1,075	2,220
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	35	15	20
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	10	0	0	305	140	170
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	20	0	20	895	85	815
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	665	235	425
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	15	10	0	65	10	50
42. Psychology	0	0	0	360	75	285
45. Social sciences	0	0	0	965	510	455
Business, management and public administration	85	25	55	6,220	2,325	3,900
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	20	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	15	0	10	280	85	195
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	70	25	45	5,920	2,230	3,695
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	1,140	650	490
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	445	170	270
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	190	110	75
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	50	40	15
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	385	280	110
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	75	50	25
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10	10	10	1,685	1,240	445
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10	10	0	1,395	1,090	300
25. Library science	0	0	0	110	45	70
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	160	100	65
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	20	10	10
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	95	85	10	5,775	5,240	535
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	220	145	75
14. Engineering	0	0	0	1,335	1,125	210
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	15	10	10	1,055	950	100
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	30	25	0	1,315	1,255	50
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	40	40	0	1,210	1,175	35
48. Precision production	10	10	0	650	590	60
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	10	10	10	350	200	150
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	10	0	10	300	160	145
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	45	35	10
Health and related fields	135	15	125	4,840	880	3,960
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	10	0	0	180	110	70
51. Health professions and related programs	130	10	120	4,630	755	3,875
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	0	0	0	30	10	15
Personal, protective and transportation services	90	55	40	2,415	1,195	1,215
12. Personal and culinary services	30	0	25	1,450	365	1,085
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	30	15	20	445	350	90
49. Transportation and materials moving	30	30	0	520	475	40
Other	0	0	0	0	0	10
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	10	0	10
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	2,200	1,085	1,110	79,625	37,405	42,215
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,295	650	640	41,150	19,060	22,095
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	900	430	470	38,475	18,345	20,125
Location of study inside Canada	830	400	430	31,155	14,425	16,730
Same as province or territory of residence	785	365	420	30,625	14,170	16,455
Different than province or territory of residence	45	35	10	530	260	275
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	70	35	40	7,315	3,925	3,395
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	50	20	30	205	120	85
Philippines	0	0	0	25	10	15
India	0	0	0	15	10	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	0	10	0	35	20	15
China^{Census data footnote 162}	0	0	0	105	35	70
France	0	0	0	595	355	250
Other	25	10	15	6,335	3,375	2,955
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	1,220	590	630	51,110	24,870	26,240
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	635	330	305	21,230	10,580	10,655
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	585	260	325	29,880	14,290	15,590
Location of study inside Canada	530	240	300	23,510	10,930	12,585
Same as province or territory of residence	505	210	290	23,085	10,725	12,365
Different than province or territory of residence	30	30	0	425	205	220
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	55	25	35	6,370	3,365	3,005
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	40	15	25	170	90	80
Philippines	0	0	0	15	0	15
India	0	0	0	10	10	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	0	0	0	25	20	10
China^{Census data footnote 162}	0	0	0	105	35	70
France	0	0	0	480	280	200
Other	10	0	10	5,565	2,935	2,625
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	2,200	1,085	1,115	79,625	37,410	42,215
In the labour force	1,240	645	600	45,435	23,575	21,865
Employed	1,150	600	555	40,015	20,665	19,350
Unemployed	90	50	45	5,420	2,910	2,510
Not in the labour force	955	440	515	34,190	13,835	20,355
Participation rate	56.4	59.4	53.8	57.1	63.0	51.8
Employment rate	52.3	55.3	49.8	50.3	55.2	45.8
Unemployment rate	7.3	7.8	7.5	11.9	12.3	11.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	2,195	1,085	1,115	79,625	37,405	42,215
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	890	410	485	34,395	14,115	20,280
Worked	1,310	675	630	45,230	23,295	21,940
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	720	435	285	19,005	10,555	8,445
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	585	235	345	26,225	12,730	13,495
Average weeks worked in reference year	44.3	45.0	43.5	40.5	41.2	39.8
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	1,245	645	595	45,435	23,570	21,860
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	30	0	30	2,590	1,295	1,290
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	1,215	645	570	42,845	22,275	20,570
Employee	1,055	550	505	38,650	19,640	19,005
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	160	95	65	4,200	2,635	1,565
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	1,240	645	595	45,435	23,575	21,860
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	30	0	25	2,590	1,295	1,295
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	1,215	645	565	42,845	22,275	20,570
0 Management occupations	90	55	40	2,530	1,525	1,005
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	150	45	110	6,695	2,465	4,225
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	35	30	0	2,110	1,705	410
3 Health occupations	90	15	80	3,620	675	2,945
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	100	35	60	4,715	1,205	3,510
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	25	15	10	985	505	480
6 Sales and service occupations	285	110	175	12,645	6,180	6,470
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	225	200	20	5,635	5,375	260
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	30	30	0	320	245	70
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	175	110	65	3,605	2,405	1,200
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	1,245	645	595	45,435	23,575	21,865
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	30	0	30	2,590	1,295	1,290
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	1,210	650	570	42,845	22,275	20,570
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	10	15	0	125	60	65
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	25	25	0
22 Utilities	10	10	0	105	65	40
23 Construction	140	125	15	2,035	1,845	185
31-33 Manufacturing	260	180	80	5,505	3,840	1,670
41 Wholesale trade	45	20	25	1,875	1,210	670
44-45 Retail trade	155	65	90	5,665	2,800	2,865
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	50	35	15	2,145	1,775	370
51 Information and cultural industries	20	10	10	890	560	330
52 Finance and insurance	25	10	15	1,410	690	720
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	10	0	10	650	405	245
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	15	10	10	2,360	1,310	1,050
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	20	15	10
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	35	20	15	3,435	2,050	1,385
61 Educational services	30	10	25	2,720	890	1,830
62 Health care and social assistance	160	15	140	6,710	1,310	5,395
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	25	20	0	620	275	340
72 Accommodation and food services	110	40	70	2,885	1,315	1,565
81 Other services (except public administration)	85	45	35	2,060	1,000	1,060
91 Public administration	35	20	10	1,610	840	770
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	1,150	600	555	40,020	20,670	19,350
Worked at home	75	35	40	1,695	835	860
Worked outside Canada	0	10	0	80	65	10
No fixed workplace address	125	95	35	4,295	3,050	1,245
Worked at usual place	940	465	480	33,945	16,715	17,235
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	940	465	480	33,950	16,715	17,235
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	385	160	225	27,590	12,935	14,650
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	300	150	150	1,825	1,125	695
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	260	150	105	4,475	2,635	1,845
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	60	20	35
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	1,070	550	520	38,245	19,765	18,475
Car, truck, van - as a driver	835	430	410	21,465	13,070	8,390
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	85	50	35	1,140	375	770
Public transit	10	0	10	13,060	5,135	7,930
Walked	125	60	65	1,880	730	1,150
Bicycle	10	10	0	365	270	95
Other method	10	10	0	330	180	150
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	1,065	555	515	38,240	19,765	18,480
Less than 15 minutes	390	160	230	5,205	2,475	2,730
15 to 29 minutes	360	205	155	11,130	5,825	5,305
30 to 44 minutes	145	85	60	9,230	5,445	3,785
45 to 59 minutes	45	25	20	5,685	2,900	2,785
60 minutes and over	125	75	55	6,985	3,120	3,870
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	1,070	555	515	38,245	19,760	18,480
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	140	75	65	3,445	2,270	1,175
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	210	120	90	7,660	4,350	3,310
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	205	135	70	9,420	4,160	5,260
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	140	60	85	5,765	2,480	3,285
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	155	55	100	3,970	1,835	2,130
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	220	110	105	7,975	4,660	3,320
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	1,325	680	640	47,285	24,255	23,025
Single responses	1,325	685	640	40,760	20,445	20,315
Official languages	1,320	680	640	40,230	20,170	20,060
English	1,325	685	640	3,940	2,200	1,745
French	0	0	0	36,285	17,970	18,315
Non-official languages	0	0	0	530	285	250
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	530	280	250
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	90	50	35
Berber languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	80	50	30
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	85	55	30
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	120	40	70
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	45	10	35
Vietnamese	0	0	0	75	35	35
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	10	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	30	15	15
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	30	15	15
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	15	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	10	10	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	235	135	100
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	10	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	225	130	95
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	85	45	35
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	145	85	60
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	10	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	30	10	20
Chinese languages	0	0	0	30	15	20
Cantonese	0	0	0	10	0	10
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	10	10	10
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	10	10	10
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	0	0	0	6,520	3,805	2,715
English and French	0	0	0	5,705	3,365	2,335
English and non-official language	0	0	0	65	40	25
French and non-official language	0	0	0	370	200	170
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	380	195	185
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	1,320	685	640	47,280	24,255	23,025
None	1,315	675	640	31,025	15,675	15,345
English	0	0	0	11,330	6,005	5,325
French	10	0	0	2,605	1,420	1,190
Non-official language	0	0	0	1,665	820	840
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	10
Non-Aboriginal	0	0	0	1,660	825	835
English and French	0	0	0	20	10	10
English and non-official language	0	0	0	505	250	260
French and non-official language	0	0	0	135	70	60
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	2,620	1,300	1,320	96,680	46,105	50,580
Non-movers	2,310	1,145	1,165	84,620	40,365	44,260
Movers	310	160	155	12,055	5,740	6,315
Non-migrants	70	35	30	9,365	4,395	4,970
Migrants	245	120	120	2,690	1,345	1,345
Internal migrants	245	120	125	1,520	760	770
Intraprovincial migrants	235	115	120	1,350	665	685
Interprovincial migrants	10	10	0	170	95	80
External migrants	0	0	0	1,170	590	580
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	2,475	1,220	1,255	91,300	43,205	48,095
Non-movers	1,515	765	750	52,790	24,840	27,950
Movers	965	455	510	38,510	18,370	20,145
Non-migrants	495	220	275	27,535	13,045	14,485
Migrants	470	235	235	10,975	5,315	5,655
Internal migrants	440	220	220	4,235	2,000	2,240
Intraprovincial migrants	415	205	210	3,915	1,850	2,070
Interprovincial migrants	25	15	10	315	155	165
External migrants	30	20	15	6,740	3,320	3,420

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Durham [Population centre], Ontario and Bourassa [Federal electoral district], Quebec (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 29, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Durham [Population centre], Ontario and Bourassa [Federal electoral district], Quebec

Census Profile, 2016 Census Durham [Population centre], Ontario and Bourassa [Federal electoral district], Quebec

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Durham [Population centre], Ontario and Bourassa [Federal electoral district], Quebec