Census Profile, 2016 Census
Durham [Population centre], Ontario and Chaudière-Appalaches [Economic region], Quebec

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Durham Ontario [Population centre]			Chaudière-Appalaches Quebec [Economic region]
	Data quality , Durham [Population centre], Ontario Map : Durham [Population centre], Ontario Change geography 1			Data quality : Chaudière-Appalaches [Economic region], Quebec Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	2,609	...	...	420,082	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	2,635 ^r	...	...	410,878^r	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	-1.0	...	...	2.2	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	1,196	...	...	196,842	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	1,152	...	...	180,845	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	810.7	...	...	27.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	3.22	...	...	15,083.25	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	2,610	1,265	1,345	420,085	209,950	210,135
0 to 14 years	370	195	175	70,255	36,065	34,195
0 to 4 years	115	60	55	23,340	12,030	11,305
5 to 9 years	120	55	55	24,950	12,865	12,090
10 to 14 years	140	75	60	21,965	11,170	10,795
15 to 64 years	1,455	745	715	265,350	134,805	130,545
15 to 19 years	130	75	50	21,425	10,990	10,440
20 to 24 years	115	65	50	22,500	11,460	11,040
25 to 29 years	130	60	70	21,445	10,930	10,515
30 to 34 years	125	65	65	24,140	12,430	11,710
35 to 39 years	130	55	70	27,425	13,965	13,455
40 to 44 years	135	70	60	24,520	12,555	11,960
45 to 49 years	155	75	75	25,090	12,890	12,200
50 to 54 years	170	95	75	32,055	16,165	15,895
55 to 59 years	185	80	100	34,330	17,100	17,235
60 to 64 years	185	90	90	32,415	16,325	16,095
65 years and over	780	325	455	84,475	39,080	45,395
65 to 69 years	205	85	125	28,920	14,515	14,400
70 to 74 years	185	90	95	21,325	10,420	10,900
75 to 79 years	140	55	80	13,800	6,520	7,285
80 to 84 years	120	50	65	10,140	4,260	5,880
85 years and over	135	50	85	10,290	3,365	6,925
85 to 89 years	80	35	45	6,510	2,330	4,180
90 to 94 years	45	15	35	2,940	860	2,080
95 to 99 years	10	5	5	755	160	595
100 years and over	0	0	0	95	15	80
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.2	15.4	13.0	16.7	17.2	16.3
15 to 64 years	55.7	58.9	53.2	63.2	64.2	62.1
65 years and over	29.9	25.7	33.8	20.1	18.6	21.6
85 years and over	5.2	4.0	6.3	2.4	1.6	3.3
Average age of the population	47.6	45.3	49.7	42.9	42.1	43.8
Median age of the population	50.6	47.3	53.4	44.7	43.6	45.7
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	1,155	...	...	180,845	...	...
Single-detached house	800	...	...	120,855	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	1,400	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	350	...	...	56,810	...	...
Semi-detached house	35	...	...	11,115	...	...
Row house	55	...	...	2,495	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	35	...	...	8,915	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	215	...	...	33,340	...	...
Other single-attached house	5	...	...	950	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	0	...	...	1,780	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	1,155	...	...	180,845	...	...
1 person	390	...	...	56,350	...	...
2 persons	440	...	...	68,275	...	...
3 persons	160	...	...	23,435	...	...
4 persons	105	...	...	22,330	...	...
5 or more persons	60	...	...	10,460	...	...
Number of persons in private households	2,480	...	...	408,615	...	...
Average household size	2.1	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	2,240	1,070	1,170	349,825	173,885	175,940
Married or living common law	1,235	615	620	214,330	107,225	107,105
Married	1,040	520	525	119,990	60,025	59,965
Living common law	190	95	95	94,340	47,200	47,140
Not married and not living common law	1,005	450	550	135,490	66,660	68,835
Never married	480	290	190	89,395	50,520	38,875
Separated	110	50	65	3,960	1,950	2,010
Divorced	150	60	90	20,720	9,450	11,270
Widowed	265	50	210	21,425	4,745	16,685
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	735	...	...	121,205	...	...
2 persons	445	...	...	67,060	...	...
3 persons	155	...	...	22,720	...	...
4 persons	85	...	...	21,845	...	...
5 or more persons	50	...	...	9,580	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	730	...	...	121,205	...	...
Total couple families	595	...	...	105,185	...	...
Married couples	500	...	...	58,050	...	...
Common-law couples	95	...	...	47,135	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	135	...	...	16,020	...	...
Female parent	110	...	...	11,240	...	...
Male parent	30	...	...	4,780	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	595	...	...	105,185	...	...
Couples without children	360	...	...	57,425	...	...
Couples with children	235	...	...	47,760	...	...
1 child	105	...	...	17,745	...	...
2 children	80	...	...	20,700	...	...
3 or more children	45	...	...	9,310	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	135	...	...	16,020	...	...
1 child	85	...	...	9,635	...	...
2 children	50	...	...	4,970	...	...
3 or more children	5	...	...	1,415	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	515	230	285	68,225	35,195	33,030
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	1,155	...	...	180,845	...	...
One-census-family households	715	...	...	119,880	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	355	...	...	56,845	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	360	...	...	63,035	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	10	...	...	655	...	...
Non-census-family households	425	...	...	60,310	...	...
One-person households	395	...	...	56,345	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	35	...	...	3,955	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	2,505	1,230	1,280	415,080	208,095	206,980
English only	2,425	1,200	1,220	355	160	195
French only	0	0	0	307,490	148,270	159,220
English and French	85	30	60	106,955	59,485	47,470
Neither English nor French	0	0	0	275	175	100
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	2,505	1,230	1,280	415,075	208,095	206,985
English	2,490	1,220	1,270	3,565	1,765	1,800
French	15	5	10	410,430	205,740	204,685
English and French	0	0	0	835	425	410
Neither English nor French	0	0	0	245	160	85
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	15	10	10	3,980	1,980	2,000
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	0.6	0.8	0.8	1.0	1.0	1.0
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	2,510	1,230	1,275	415,075	208,095	206,985
Single responses	2,500	1,230	1,270	413,235	207,175	206,065
Official languages	2,420	1,190	1,225	409,595	205,245	204,350
English	2,400	1,180	1,215	3,400	1,695	1,705
French	15	10	10	406,195	203,550	202,645
Non-official languages	80	35	45	3,640	1,925	1,710
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5	0	10
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	5
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	10	5	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	10	10	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	80	35	45	3,625	1,920	1,705
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	605	355	255
Berber languages	0	0	0	65	40	30
Kabyle	0	0	0	40	20	20
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	20	10
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	5	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	5	5	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	535	310	230
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	535	310	225
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	5	5	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	115	55	65
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	40	15	20
Vietnamese	0	0	0	80	40	45
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	130	70	60
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	10	5	10
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	5
Malagasy	0	0	0	70	35	30
Malay	0	0	0	5	0	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	40	25	15
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	110	65	40
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	15	10	5
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	90	60	35
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	5	5	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	75	30	45	2,015	1,055	960
Albanian	0	0	0	5	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	5	5	5
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	0	195	95	100
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	5	0	0
Slavic languages	5	5	0	195	95	95
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	20	10	5
Bulgarian	0	0	0	10	5	0
Croatian	0	5	0	5	5	5
Czech	0	0	0	15	10	5
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	45	25	20
Russian	0	0	0	50	15	35
Serbian	0	0	0	5	5	5
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	15	10	5
Slovak	0	0	0	5	0	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	20	5	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	5	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	5	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	45	20	25	190	90	100
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	5	0	0	0	0	5
Dutch	20	10	10	30	15	20
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	20	5	15	130	60	75
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	5	5	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Greek	0	0	0	25	20	10
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	70	30	40
Indo-Aryan languages	0	5	0	5	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	5	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	70	30	35
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	65	30	35
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	20	5	10	1,520	815	705
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	10	0	5	125	75	55
Portuguese	0	0	0	125	55	75
Romanian	0	0	0	65	30	35
Spanish	10	5	5	1,195	645	550
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Japanese	0	0	0	25	5	15
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	10	0	5
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	5
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	220	125	100
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	5	5	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	5	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	10	0	5
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	10	5	5
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	30	20	15
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	20	5	10
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	45	20	25
Wolof	0	0	0	45	30	15
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	35	25
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	45	15	25
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	25	10	20
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	20	10	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	5	0	5	210	100	110
Chinese languages	5	0	0	210	100	110
Cantonese	0	0	0	25	15	15
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	5	0	170	80	95
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	5	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	70	30	40
Lao	0	0	0	55	25	30
Thai	0	0	0	15	5	15
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	20	15	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	20	15	10
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	5	5	5	30	20	15
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	5	0	0	30	20	10
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	10	5	5	1,845	925	915
English and French	0	0	5	1,270	625	645
English and non-official language	5	5	5	25	20	10
French and non-official language	5	0	0	495	260	235
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	55	20	30
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	2,505	1,230	1,275	415,075	208,095	206,980
Single responses	2,490	1,225	1,265	412,720	206,865	205,855
Official languages	2,480	1,225	1,260	411,115	205,995	205,120
English	2,475	1,220	1,260	2,090	1,040	1,045
French	5	0	5	409,025	204,950	204,075
Non-official languages	10	5	10	1,610	875	735
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	5	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	10	0	5	1,605	870	735
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	185	90	90
Berber languages	0	0	0	20	10	10
Kabyle	0	0	0	20	10	10
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	165	85	80
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	165	85	80
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	40	20	25
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	10	5	5
Vietnamese	0	0	0	35	15	20
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	25	10	10
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	20	10	5
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	30	20	10
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	15	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	5	5	5
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	5	0	5	980	545	435
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	75	40	40
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	5	0	0	75	35	35
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	5	5	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	5	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	5	5	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	5	0	0	20	10	10
Russian	0	0	0	30	10	15
Serbian	0	0	0	5	0	5
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	5	0	5
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	5	5	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	5	0	5	25	15	15
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	5	5	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	5	20	10	10
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	65	25	40
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	60	25	40
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	60	20	40
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	5	0	815	470	345
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	5	0	0	25	15	10
Portuguese	0	0	0	45	20	30
Romanian	0	0	0	25	15	10
Spanish	0	0	0	715	420	295
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	5	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	5	0	0	5	5	5
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	60	25	30
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	5	5	5
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	5	5	5
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	15	5	10
Wolof	0	0	0	20	10	10
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	60	35	30
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	15	0	15
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	40	25	15
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	155	80	75
Chinese languages	0	0	0	155	80	70
Cantonese	0	0	0	15	10	5
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	130	65	60
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	5	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	35	15	20
Lao	0	0	0	30	20	15
Thai	0	0	0	5	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	20	10	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	20	10	10
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	5	5	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Multiple responses	20	5	10	2,355	1,230	1,125
English and French	5	0	0	1,230	650	575
English and non-official language	15	5	10	35	15	20
French and non-official language	0	0	0	940	495	450
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	145	65	80
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	2,510	1,230	1,275	415,075	208,095	206,980
None	2,475	1,215	1,255	398,390	199,230	199,160
English	5	0	0	12,625	6,865	5,760
French	10	0	5	1,955	985	975
Non-official language	30	10	15	1,640	795	845
Aboriginal	0	0	0	15	5	10
Non-Aboriginal	30	10	15	1,625	795	835
English and French	0	0	0	50	35	20
English and non-official language	0	0	0	365	170	195
French and non-official language	0	0	5	40	15	25
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	2,105	1,025	1,090	338,455	169,995	168,460
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	2,030	980	1,050	331,875	167,125	164,745
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	27,392	32,368	23,177	34,579	40,042	28,982
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	2,030	980	1,050	331,925	167,130	164,795
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	25,716	29,248	22,669	30,657	34,533	26,356
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	1,720	845	870	303,580	156,510	147,070
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	23,520	30,656	17,515	30,603	36,766	24,524
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	1,630	740	890	255,290	121,545	133,745
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	10,732	9,984	11,290	7,868	6,797	8,535
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	1,255	655	600	246,305	131,465	114,845
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,320	33,648	22,848	32,363	37,461	27,084
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	2,195	1,085	1,115	338,470	170,020	168,445
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	2,110	1,040	1,070	331,890	167,110	164,785
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,955	38,864	29,185	40,838	47,133	34,454
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	2,110	1,040	1,070	331,955	167,110	164,845
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,991	33,806	26,282	34,154	38,626	29,621
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,825	915	905	303,695	156,535	147,160
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,930	35,893	23,912	37,149	43,862	30,008
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,700	785	920	255,865	121,755	134,110
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	10,077	9,680	10,416	8,879	8,298	9,406
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,335	690	650	246,305	131,530	114,780
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,302	37,448	24,722	37,119	41,654	31,922
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	2,200	1,085	1,115	338,470	170,020	168,445
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	700	425	270	114,960	64,520	50,440
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	39,045	42,654	32,935	43,988	47,210	39,800
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	43,509	47,634	36,982	49,666	53,821	44,351
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	75.1	80.9	68.2	83.2	87.1	77.9
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	60.0	66.7	52.1	67.7	70.2	64.3
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	24.9	19.0	32.3	16.8	12.9	22.1
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	2,110	1,025	1,085	338,460	169,995	168,460
Without total income	80	45	35	6,580	2,865	3,715
With total income	2,030	980	1,050	331,875	167,125	164,750
Percentage with total income	96.2	95.6	96.8	98.1	98.3	97.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	235	100	135	32,060	12,545	19,515
$10,000 to $19,999	435	165	270	59,625	22,680	36,940
$20,000 to $29,999	430	185	245	52,170	23,610	28,560
$30,000 to $39,999	310	135	175	48,920	24,600	24,320
$40,000 to $49,999	230	120	110	46,360	25,600	20,755
$50,000 to $59,999	135	85	50	32,415	19,375	13,040
$60,000 to $69,999	95	70	30	20,355	12,465	7,885
$70,000 to $79,999	50	30	15	14,430	8,725	5,700
$80,000 to $89,999	30	20	10	8,435	5,245	3,190
$90,000 to $99,999	25	20	10	5,025	3,360	1,660
$100,000 and over	50	45	10	12,090	8,905	3,180
$100,000 to $149,999	40	30	5	8,500	6,145	2,350
$150,000 and over	10	10	0	3,590	2,765	825
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	2,110	1,020	1,085	338,460	169,995	168,460
Without after-tax income	80	45	35	6,530	2,865	3,665
With after-tax income	2,030	980	1,055	331,925	167,130	164,795
Percentage with after-tax income	96.2	96.1	97.2	98.1	98.3	97.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	240	105	140	33,665	12,880	20,785
$10,000 to $19,999	460	175	280	62,715	24,160	38,555
$20,000 to $29,999	500	225	275	65,325	30,555	34,765
$30,000 to $39,999	330	155	175	65,325	35,555	29,765
$40,000 to $49,999	235	135	105	47,055	27,565	19,490
$50,000 to $59,999	120	80	40	26,530	15,940	10,590
$60,000 to $69,999	50	35	15	14,275	8,480	5,800
$70,000 to $79,999	40	25	15	6,850	4,505	2,345
$80,000 and over	50	40	10	10,195	7,495	2,700
$80,000 to $89,999	25	20	5	3,430	2,445	990
$90,000 to $99,999	5	10	0	2,025	1,465	560
$100,000 and over	20	15	0	4,735	3,585	1,155
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	2,110	1,025	1,085	338,455	169,995	168,460
Without employment income	855	365	490	92,150	38,535	53,615
With employment income	1,255	660	595	246,305	131,465	114,840
Percentage with employment income	59.5	64.4	54.8	72.8	77.3	68.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	195	95	100	30,115	15,850	14,265
$5,000 to $9,999	115	40	70	18,595	7,875	10,725
$10,000 to $19,999	165	75	95	34,375	14,565	19,815
$20,000 to $29,999	180	85	95	32,135	14,395	17,740
$30,000 to $39,999	200	90	110	35,020	18,070	16,945
$40,000 to $49,999	135	80	55	31,340	18,410	12,930
$50,000 to $59,999	90	70	25	21,625	13,840	7,780
$60,000 to $69,999	65	45	15	14,280	8,960	5,320
$70,000 to $79,999	30	20	10	10,825	6,670	4,150
$80,000 and over	85	65	20	18,005	12,835	5,170
$80,000 to $89,999	25	10	5	5,965	3,985	1,975
$90,000 to $99,999	25	20	5	3,585	2,480	1,105
$100,000 and over	40	35	5	8,455	6,370	2,085
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	1,150	...	...	180,845	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	48,640	...	...	61,635	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	45,632	...	...	53,778	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	395	...	...	56,350	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	24,939	...	...	32,207	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	24,288	...	...	28,897	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	755	...	...	124,495	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	65,254	...	...	79,604	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	59,878	...	...	68,387	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	1,195	...	...	180,845	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	60,091	...	...	74,947	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	53,074	...	...	62,693	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	370	...	...	56,310	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,498	...	...	37,546	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	28,371	...	...	31,944	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	825	...	...	124,540	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	72,928	...	...	91,858	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	64,165	...	...	76,596	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	1,155	...	...	180,845	...	...
Under $5,000	10	...	...	1,030	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	15	...	...	1,755	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	50	...	...	4,760	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	55	...	...	8,345	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	105	...	...	8,700	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	65	...	...	7,480	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	100	...	...	10,555	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	70	...	...	9,940	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	60	...	...	9,560	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	55	...	...	9,230	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	100	...	...	16,580	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	95	...	...	14,685	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	85	...	...	13,480	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	65	...	...	12,145	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	55	...	...	10,280	...	...
$100,000 and over	165	...	...	42,320	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	85	...	...	18,465	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	50	...	...	10,630	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	25	...	...	8,580	...	...
$200,000 and over	5	...	...	4,650	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	1,150	...	...	180,845	...	...
Under $5,000	10	...	...	1,130	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	20	...	...	1,805	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	50	...	...	4,840	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	55	...	...	8,785	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	115	...	...	9,875	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	75	...	...	9,425	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	100	...	...	13,275	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	65	...	...	12,200	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	75	...	...	11,310	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	60	...	...	10,470	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	115	...	...	19,000	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	105	...	...	17,090	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	90	...	...	14,910	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	55	...	...	12,155	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	50	...	...	9,135	...	...
$100,000 and over	105	...	...	25,435	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	70	...	...	14,125	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	25	...	...	5,970	...	...
$150,000 and over	10	...	...	5,345	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	730	...	...	121,755	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	65,254	...	...	79,835	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	59,827	...	...	68,552	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	340	...	...	56,260	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	61,568	...	...	67,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	56,832	...	...	58,181	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	240	...	...	47,925	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	83,763	...	...	105,722	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	75,520	...	...	89,471	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.8	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	135	...	...	15,680	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	45,440	...	...	54,860	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	42,624	...	...	49,239	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	795	...	...	121,775	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	72,740	...	...	92,166	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	63,995	...	...	76,785	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	385	...	...	56,335	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	67,905	...	...	78,931	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	59,332	...	...	65,817	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	275	...	...	47,905	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	88,893	...	...	117,411	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	78,198	...	...	97,031	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	120	...	...	15,640	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	55,221	...	...	64,392	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	49,591	...	...	55,485	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	465	215	250	63,705	32,965	30,740
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	24,640	27,648	23,360	31,257	35,582	26,771
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	23,984	25,685	22,891	28,202	31,121	25,186
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	470	230	230	63,605	32,930	30,680
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	30,014	30,909	29,117	36,640	39,887	33,155
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	26,937	27,272	26,602	31,246	33,329	29,009
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	2,480	1,220	1,260	408,615	206,015	202,600
In the bottom half of the distribution	1,705	800	905	230,065	113,640	116,425
In the bottom decile	245	125	120	22,470	11,070	11,400
In the second decile	440	180	260	42,935	19,285	23,650
In the third decile	400	195	205	51,155	25,320	25,835
In the fourth decile	330	160	165	56,515	28,755	27,760
In the fifth decile	300	140	150	56,990	29,205	27,785
In the top half of the distribution	775	415	360	178,550	92,375	86,170
In the sixth decile	260	145	115	53,885	27,775	26,105
In the seventh decile	205	105	100	47,605	24,640	22,965
In the eighth decile	130	70	55	36,555	18,845	17,710
In the ninth decile	145	75	65	24,965	13,045	11,920
In the top decile	40	20	15	15,535	8,065	7,470
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	2,480	1,220	1,265	408,615	206,015	202,600
0 to 17 years	445	245	205	82,875	42,495	40,385
0 to 5 years	150	75	70	28,250	14,580	13,670
18 to 64 years	1,370	690	675	251,030	127,435	123,600
65 years and over	665	280	380	74,705	36,085	38,620
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	470	215	260	43,595	19,950	23,650
0 to 17 years	100	50	45	6,895	3,570	3,330
0 to 5 years	45	20	20	2,130	1,120	1,015
18 to 64 years	245	120	125	22,200	10,745	11,455
65 years and over	125	35	90	14,495	5,630	8,860
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	19.0	17.6	20.6	10.7	9.7	11.7
0 to 17 years (%)	22.5	20.4	22.0	8.3	8.4	8.2
0 to 5 years (%)	30.0	26.7	28.6	7.5	7.7	7.4
18 to 64 years (%)	17.9	17.4	18.5	8.8	8.4	9.3
65 years and over (%)	18.8	12.5	23.7	19.4	15.6	22.9
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	160	90	70	16,395	8,075	8,315
0 to 17 years	30	20	10	2,215	1,140	1,075
0 to 5 years	15	10	10	685	370	315
18 to 64 years	125	70	55	11,920	6,220	5,700
65 years and over	5	0	5	2,260	715	1,545
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.5	7.4	5.5	4.0	3.9	4.1
0 to 17 years (%)	6.7	8.2	4.9	2.7	2.7	2.7
0 to 5 years (%)	10.0	13.3	14.3	2.4	2.5	2.3
18 to 64 years (%)	9.1	10.1	8.1	4.7	4.9	4.6
65 years and over (%)	0.8	0.0	1.3	3.0	2.0	4.0
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	2,655	1,315	1,340	408,615	206,010	202,605
Official languages	2,655	1,320	1,340	408,430	205,890	202,540
English	2,655	1,320	1,335	106,615	59,495	47,120
French	90	45	50	408,125	205,755	202,370
Non-official languages	115	65	45	12,580	5,775	6,805
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	30	20	10
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	25	15	10
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	25	15	15
Atikamekw	0	0	0	10	10	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	10	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	10	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	115	65	50	12,555	5,760	6,795
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	970	550	420
Berber languages	0	0	0	175	95	80
Kabyle	0	0	0	95	45	50
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	60	25
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	900	520	375
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	890	515	375
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	10	10	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	110	55	60
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	45	15	25
Vietnamese	0	0	0	65	35	35
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	180	105	75
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	10	0	15
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	90	65	25
Malay	0	0	0	10	0	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	80	40	40
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	0	10	330	145	185
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	30	10	20
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	285	125	155
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	25	15	10
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	10	10	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	110	65	40	9,945	4,380	5,565
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	10	0	340	185	160
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	10	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Slavic languages	10	0	0	340	185	155
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	30	15	15
Bulgarian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Croatian	0	0	0	35	15	15
Czech	0	0	0	15	10	10
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	10	95	50	45
Russian	0	0	0	125	70	55
Serbian	0	0	0	10	10	10
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	15	10	0
Slovak	0	0	0	20	15	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	35	20	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	10	0	0	10	0	10
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	10	10	10
Welsh	0	0	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	70	50	20	860	420	445
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	10	0	10
Dutch	35	25	15	50	15	35
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	50	35	15	760	375	385
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Swedish	0	0	0	40	20	15
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Greek	10	0	10	35	30	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	10	0	85	45	40
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	20	10	10
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	10	0	0	15	10	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	65	35	30
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	65	35	30
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	15	0	10	9,060	3,925	5,135
Catalan	0	0	0	10	10	10
Italian	10	0	10	720	355	370
Portuguese	0	0	0	295	155	140
Romanian	0	0	0	60	30	30
Spanish	10	10	10	8,310	3,530	4,780
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	100	60	40
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	15	0	10
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	460	260	200
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	15	0	10
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	40	25	15
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	85	50	35
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	15	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	110	65	45
Wolof	0	0	0	90	60	30
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	180	90	90
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	240	100	140
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	145	55	95
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	50	45
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	260	125	135
Chinese languages	0	0	0	260	125	135
Cantonese	0	0	0	10	0	10
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	225	105	115
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	20	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	85	35	50
Lao	0	0	0	40	20	20
Thai	0	0	0	55	15	35
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	25	10	15
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	25	15	15
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	45	30	15
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	10	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	40	30	15
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	2,655	1,320	1,340	408,615	206,010	202,605
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	2,605	1,300	1,300	404,895	204,050	200,840
Canadian citizens aged under 18	510	265	245	82,095	42,260	39,835
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	2,090	1,035	1,055	322,800	161,790	161,005
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	55	15	35	3,720	1,960	1,760
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	2,660	1,320	1,340	408,615	206,010	202,605
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	2,530	1,265	1,265	400,305	201,740	198,565
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	120	50	70	7,315	3,670	3,645
Before 1981	70	30	35	1,480	755	720
1981 to 1990	15	0	10	650	380	270
1991 to 2000	10	0	0	1,115	520	600
2001 to 2010	10	10	10	2,355	1,125	1,235
2001 to 2005	0	0	0	1,015	480	535
2006 to 2010	15	10	10	1,345	645	700
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	20	10	15	1,715	890	825
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	0	0	10	995	605	390
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	125	50	70	7,320	3,665	3,650
Under 5 years	10	0	0	1,480	635	845
5 to 14 years	25	15	10	1,125	535	590
15 to 24 years	50	15	30	1,225	590	630
25 to 44 years	30	10	20	3,185	1,715	1,475
45 years and over	10	0	0	300	190	110
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	120	50	70	7,315	3,670	3,650
Americas	35	10	25	2,240	1,085	1,155
Brazil	0	0	0	55	30	30
Colombia	0	0	0	360	150	205
El Salvador	0	0	0	60	30	35
Guyana	0	0	0	10	0	10
Haiti	0	0	0	335	165	175
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	180	110	70
Peru	0	0	0	45	20	25
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	35	10	25	860	410	450
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	335	180	155
Europe	85	40	45	2,650	1,440	1,205
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	45	25	15
Croatia	0	0	0	10	10	0
France	0	0	0	1,645	905	740
Germany	0	0	0	130	45	85
Greece	0	0	0	10	15	0
Hungary	0	0	0	20	10	10
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	10	0	10
Italy	10	0	10	115	80	35
Netherlands	25	20	10	15	10	10
Poland	10	0	10	60	30	30
Portugal	0	0	0	40	20	20
Romania	0	0	0	80	45	30
Russian Federation	0	0	0	25	10	10
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	0	0	0	0	10	10
Ukraine	0	0	0	70	45	30
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	25	10	15	40	15	25
Other places of birth in Europe	10	10	0	335	185	155
Africa	0	0	0	1,390	800	585
Algeria	0	0	0	230	145	90
Egypt	0	0	0	25	20	10
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	265	145	120
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	870	495	375
Asia	10	0	0	1,005	330	680
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	0	0	0	480	85	400
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	45	25	20
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	15	0	15
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	55	30	20
Lebanon	0	0	0	60	50	10
Pakistan	10	0	0	10	10	10
Philippines	0	0	0	60	25	40
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	10	10	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	10	0	10
Taiwan	0	0	0	35	15	20
Viet Nam	0	0	0	65	20	50
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	170	70	100
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	35	15	20
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	20	10	15	1,715	890	825
Americas	10	0	0	410	215	200
Brazil	0	0	0	10	10	0
Colombia	0	0	0	110	45	65
Cuba	0	0	0	10	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	95	40	50
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	90	60	30
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	0	0	0	35	25	15
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	75	40	35
Europe	20	10	10	460	230	230
France	0	0	0	360	210	150
Germany	0	0	0	10	0	10
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	15	0	10
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	10	0	10
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	0	0	0	10	10	0
Other places of birth in Europe	15	10	0	60	10	50
Africa	0	0	0	725	410	320
Algeria	0	0	0	125	70	55
Cameroon	0	0	0	95	40	50
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	35	20	10
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	50	30	20
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	10
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	95	65	30
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	115	80	35
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	205	95	105
Asia	0	0	0	120	35	85
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	0	0	0	25	10	15
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	20	10	10
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	10	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	25	15	10
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	10	0	10
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	10
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	15	0	20
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	2,655	1,320	1,335	408,615	206,015	202,600
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	135	55	80	8,965	4,625	4,340
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	340	160	180	7,725	3,995	3,735
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	2,180	1,105	1,075	391,925	197,395	194,530
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	55	20	35	5,975	2,965	3,010
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	15	10	0	2,965	1,650	1,315
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	0	0	0	1,495	1,045	455
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	15	10	10	1,470	605	865
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	30	0	25	2,385	995	1,390
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	10	0	0	575	290	280
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	0	0	0	50	25	25
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	2,660	1,320	1,340	408,615	206,010	202,600
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	105	45	60	4,060	2,135	1,930
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	95	40	60	3,760	1,965	1,795
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	50	15	35	1,785	920	865
Métis	50	25	25	1,920	1,015	905
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	55	30	20
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	10	0	0	70	25	45
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	0	0	0	230	135	90
Non-Aboriginal identity	2,555	1,275	1,280	404,555	203,880	200,675
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	2,655	1,315	1,335	408,615	206,015	202,605
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	10	0	0	1,070	625	445
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	2,650	1,320	1,335	407,545	205,390	202,155
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	2,655	1,320	1,340	408,615	206,015	202,600
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	0	0	10	2,430	1,170	1,260
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	10	0	10	2,345	1,125	1,220
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	10	0	0	1,845	880	965
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	470	225	245
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	35	20	10
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	0	0	0	80	45	40
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	0	0	0	80	40	35
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	10	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	140	75	70	7,310	3,450	3,860
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	140	70	70	7,210	3,420	3,785
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	90	40	50	6,240	2,940	3,295
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	45	30	20	955	475	475
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	15	10	10
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	0	0	0	95	25	75
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	70	25	45
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	20	0	20
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	10	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	2,510	1,250	1,260	398,880	201,395	197,485
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	2,660	1,320	1,340	408,615	206,015	202,600
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	15	15	0	5,780	2,945	2,835
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	0	0	0	160	115	50
Chinese	0	0	0	650	175	480
Black	10	0	0	2,075	1,095	980
Filipino	0	0	0	100	60	35
Latin American	0	0	0	1,250	645	605
Arab	0	0	0	805	485	320
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	0	0	0	345	160	185
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	0	0	0	65	30	35
Korean	0	0	0	60	35	20
Japanese	0	0	0	35	15	20
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	0	0	0	95	50	40
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	0	0	0	150	75	75
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	2,640	1,305	1,335	402,830	203,065	199,765
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	2,660	1,315	1,340	408,615	206,010	202,600
North American Aboriginal origins	150	70	80	9,735	4,620	5,120
First Nations (North American Indian)	100	40	60	8,250	3,890	4,360
Inuit	0	0	0	85	25	60
Métis	50	25	20	1,580	770	815
Other North American origins	965	505	460	338,595	170,085	168,510
Acadian	10	10	0	1,040	455	585
American	40	10	25	1,325	610	715
Canadian	940	505	435	331,350	166,355	165,000
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	20	10	0
Newfoundlander	10	0	0	10	0	10
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Québécois	0	0	0	7,590	3,985	3,605
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	2,160	1,050	1,110	114,910	58,190	56,720
British Isles origins	1,760	860	895	19,300	9,150	10,150
Channel Islander	0	0	0	15	15	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0	0	0
English	1,000	475	530	3,125	1,430	1,690
Irish	845	415	430	14,060	6,635	7,430
Manx	0	0	0	0	0	10
Scottish	870	410	460	3,885	1,775	2,110
Welsh	40	0	35	70	35	30
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	75	40	35	250	135	115
French origins	230	130	100	98,755	50,300	48,455
Alsatian	0	0	0	30	15	15
Breton	0	0	0	410	205	200
Corsican	0	0	0	15	10	10
French	235	130	105	98,480	50,165	48,315
Western European origins (except French origins)	860	425	435	4,970	2,445	2,530
Austrian	35	20	15	85	45	40
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	15	0	15	900	445	460
Dutch	115	55	55	230	130	100
Flemish	0	0	0	15	0	15
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	725	360	365	3,365	1,625	1,740
Luxembourger	0	0	0	10	0	15
Swiss	10	0	0	560	295	265
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	30	20	15	550	265	285
Danish	10	0	0	95	45	45
Finnish	0	0	0	10	10	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	10
Norwegian	10	0	10	260	125	135
Swedish	15	10	10	90	45	45
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	0	0	0	130	60	75
Eastern European origins	150	60	90	1,445	725	715
Bulgarian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	50	10	40
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	0	0	0	20	10	10
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	10	0	10	135	75	60
Latvian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Lithuanian	10	10	0	60	30	30
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	50	25	30	580	290	290
Romanian	0	0	0	140	85	55
Russian	35	15	20	200	85	115
Slovak	0	0	0	45	15	30
Ukrainian	45	15	30	305	150	155
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	0	0	0	35	20	10
Southern European origins	90	45	40	4,265	2,250	2,015
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	35	25	10
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	10	0	0	50	25	25
Cypriot	0	0	0	10	0	0
Greek	10	0	0	195	85	105
Italian	50	30	20	2,405	1,310	1,095
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	15	0	10
Maltese	0	10	0	10	10	0
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	680	335	345
Serbian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Sicilian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Slovenian	20	0	10	15	15	0
Spanish	0	0	10	1,045	530	520
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	0	0	0	15	10	10
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	0	0	0	505	280	230
Basque	0	0	0	110	50	55
Jewish	0	0	0	70	40	25
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	0	0	0	320	185	140
Caribbean origins	10	10	0	940	475	465
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bermudan	0	0	0	0	0	10
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	65	35	35
Dominican	0	0	0	90	55	35
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	665	340	320
Jamaican	0	0	0	25	10	25
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	20	0	15
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	0	0	0	25	15	15
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	0	0	0	45	30	20
Latin, Central and South American origins	15	10	10	1,740	935	810
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	0	0	0	40	20	20
Arawak	0	0	0	10	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	45	20	25
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	55	10	45
Brazilian	0	0	0	85	40	45
Chilean	0	0	0	85	55	35
Colombian	0	0	0	515	245	270
Costa Rican	0	0	0	135	95	40
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	75	45	30
Guyanese	20	10	15	0	0	0
Hispanic	0	0	0	20	10	10
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maya	0	0	0	0	0	10
Mexican	0	0	0	415	255	160
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	25	15	10
Panamanian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	90	30	55
Salvadorean	0	0	0	140	80	60
Uruguayan	0	0	0	30	20	10
Venezuelan	0	0	0	15	10	15
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	0	0	0	50	25	25
African origins	10	0	10	2,555	1,475	1,080
Central and West African origins	0	0	0	680	375	310
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	40	20	20
Burkinabe	0	0	0	10	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	95	40	55
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	155	95	60
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	45	25	20
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	25	20	10
Guinean	0	0	0	25	15	10
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	70	35	35
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	25	10	15
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	10	10	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	110	75	40
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	30	10	15
Wolof	0	0	0	15	10	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	0	0	0	75	40	35
North African origins	0	0	10	1,165	695	470
Algerian	0	0	0	325	175	145
Berber	0	0	0	185	115	70
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	10	0	10	45	25	15
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	410	225	180
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	270	180	85
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	0	10	0
Southern and East African origins	0	0	0	400	250	155
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	15	10	0
Burundian	0	0	0	100	60	40
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	140	90	45
Mauritian	0	0	0	50	25	25
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	35	15	15
Seychellois	0	0	0	10	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	10	10	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	0	0	0	40	20	15
Other African origins	10	0	10	390	200	190
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	0	0	10	25	10	15
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	0	0	0	365	190	175
Asian origins	20	10	10	2,310	1,030	1,290
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	0	0	10	795	395	400
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	0	0	0	220	105	115
Armenian	0	0	0	110	45	65
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	95	50	40
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	10	0	10
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	0	0	0	255	140	115
Palestinian	0	0	0	40	25	20
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	60	30	30
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	10
Turk	0	0	0	75	45	30
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins	10	0	0	150	90	65
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	10	0	0	120	60	60
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	10	0
Pakistani	0	10	0	10	10	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	10	10	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	0	0	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	0	0	0	1,390	555	835
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	85	45	40
Chinese	0	0	0	730	190	545
Filipino	0	0	0	135	85	50
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	15	0	15
Japanese	10	0	0	50	15	30
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	80	55	25
Laotian	0	0	0	70	30	40
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	15	10	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	35	15	20
Thai	0	0	0	75	25	50
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	215	130	90
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	0	0	0	10	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	0	0	0	10	10	10
Oceania origins	0	10	0	55	25	30
Australian	0	0	0	10	0	10
New Zealander	0	0	0	10	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	10	10	0	40	20	15
Fijian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Hawaiian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	15	10	10
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	15	10	10
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	1,190	...	...	180,845	...	...
Owner	830	...	...	132,885	...	...
Renter	365	...	...	47,960	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	1,190	...	...	180,845	...	...
Condominium	50	...	...	11,715	...	...
Not condominium	1,140	...	...	169,130	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	1,190	...	...	180,845	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	465	...	...
1 bedroom	155	...	...	17,260	...	...
2 bedrooms	350	...	...	51,590	...	...
3 bedrooms	460	...	...	66,570	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	220	...	...	44,960	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	1,190	...	...	180,845	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	265	...	...	46,290	...	...
5 rooms	180	...	...	29,740	...	...
6 rooms	210	...	...	27,825	...	...
7 rooms	175	...	...	26,400	...	...
8 or more rooms	370	...	...	50,585	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	1,190	...	...	180,845	...	...
One person or fewer per room	1,185	...	...	180,410	...	...
More than 1 person per room	10	...	...	435	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	1,195	...	...	180,845	...	...
Suitable	1,160	...	...	178,515	...	...
Not suitable	35	...	...	2,330	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	1,195	...	...	180,845	...	...
1960 or before	580	...	...	47,620	...	...
1961 to 1980	290	...	...	52,560	...	...
1981 to 1990	95	...	...	25,660	...	...
1991 to 2000	115	...	...	20,080	...	...
2001 to 2005	25	...	...	10,805	...	...
2006 to 2010	50	...	...	12,460	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	40	...	...	11,655	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	1,195	...	...	180,845	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	1,080	...	...	171,150	...	...
Major repairs needed	115	...	...	9,695	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	1,195	...	...	180,845	...	...
1 household maintainer	780	...	...	111,640	...	...
2 household maintainers	400	...	...	68,340	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	10	...	...	870	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	1,190	...	...	180,845	...	...
15 to 24 years	45	...	...	5,135	...	...
25 to 34 years	130	...	...	23,125	...	...
35 to 44 years	180	...	...	29,310	...	...
45 to 54 years	175	...	...	33,985	...	...
55 to 64 years	175	...	...	39,800	...	...
65 to 74 years	250	...	...	30,765	...	...
75 to 84 years	170	...	...	14,560	...	...
85 years and over	70	...	...	4,165	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	1,195	...	...	177,495	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	940	...	...	154,215	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	255	...	...	23,280	...	...
30% to less than 100%	235	...	...	21,375	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	830	...	...	130,030	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	52.7	...	...	56.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	11.4	...	...	8.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	773	...	...	766	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	862	...	...	882	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	197,763	...	...	199,845	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	221,322	...	...	212,614	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	365	...	...	47,570	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	20.8	...	...	10.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	42.5	...	...	25.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	714	...	...	621	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	747	...	...	663	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	2,195	1,085	1,115	338,470	170,020	168,450
No certificate, diploma or degree	725	380	345	73,725	38,725	34,995
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	570	275	295	69,780	32,595	37,185
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	900	430	470	194,965	98,705	96,260
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	240	165	70	75,645	48,200	27,445
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	120	75	50	54,285	30,710	23,580
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	115	90	20	21,360	17,495	3,865
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	470	175	300	61,755	25,775	35,990
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	30	20	10	10,460	3,875	6,580
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	165	70	90	47,100	20,850	26,250
Bachelor's degree	110	50	65	33,390	14,245	19,145
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	15	0	15	3,800	1,675	2,125
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	10	0	0	1,435	730	705
Master's degree	25	15	10	7,525	3,600	3,930
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	0	0	0	955	605	345
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	1,220	585	630	219,985	111,390	108,590
No certificate, diploma or degree	290	160	135	30,935	17,920	13,015
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	340	170	170	39,855	19,375	20,480
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	585	260	330	149,195	74,095	75,100
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	140	95	45	59,235	36,730	22,500
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	70	45	30	43,215	23,715	19,495
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	70	55	15	16,025	13,020	3,005
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	345	125	220	45,605	19,240	26,360
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15	10	0	6,910	2,590	4,320
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	95	30	60	37,450	15,530	21,915
Bachelor's degree	50	15	40	26,525	10,865	15,660
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	10	0	10	2,915	1,140	1,775
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	1,070	420	650
Master's degree	25	15	10	6,200	2,695	3,505
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	0	0	0	740	415	325
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	2,200	1,085	1,115	338,470	170,020	168,450
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	1,295	650	645	143,500	71,315	72,185
Education	35	10	30	16,265	3,880	12,380
13. Education	40	10	30	16,260	3,880	12,380
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	60	40	20	4,995	2,045	2,955
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	15	20	0	1,100	740	360
50. Visual and performing arts	40	20	20	3,900	1,305	2,595
Humanities	75	45	30	7,855	3,460	4,395
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	0	0	0	750	185	565
23. English language and literature/letters	10	0	10	185	65	120
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	10	0	4,580	2,050	2,535
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	10	0	275	215	60
39. Theology and religious vocations	45	30	15	595	395	200
54. History	10	10	0	435	255	180
55. French language and literature/letters	0	0	0	1,025	295	735
Social and behavioural sciences and law	60	10	50	12,270	3,305	8,955
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	70	15	55
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	10	0	10	1,350	465	885
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	20	0	20	4,355	260	4,095
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	2,155	820	1,335
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	20	0	10	400	85	320
42. Psychology	0	0	10	1,575	335	1,240
45. Social sciences	10	0	10	2,365	1,330	1,040
Business, management and public administration	110	40	75	43,520	14,065	29,465
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	10	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	15	10	10	2,530	505	2,025
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	95	35	65	40,985	13,555	27,430
Physical and life sciences and technologies	10	10	0	4,710	2,530	2,180
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	1,485	605	875
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	10	0	0	620	375	245
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	1,280	620	655
40. Physical sciences	10	0	0	955	760	195
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	375	170	205
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	40	25	15	5,865	3,860	2,005
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	20	15	10	5,055	3,515	1,540
25. Library science	0	0	0	400	65	340
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	10	0	335	220	110
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	75	60	15
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	170	155	15	50,205	47,440	2,770
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	1,155	735	425
14. Engineering	10	10	0	3,790	3,345	445
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	30	25	10	8,995	8,105	890
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	10
46. Construction trades	50	50	0	12,370	12,105	270
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	65	65	0	12,925	12,555	370
48. Precision production	15	10	0	10,965	10,595	370
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	25	10	15	7,250	5,135	2,115
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	20	0	20	5,250	3,395	1,855
03. Natural resources and conservation	10	10	0	2,005	1,740	265
Health and related fields	200	20	175	24,550	4,320	20,235
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	10	0	0	1,325	805	520
51. Health professions and related programs	195	20	170	22,900	3,340	19,560
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	0	0	0	325	170	155
Personal, protective and transportation services	125	75	50	17,410	8,650	8,765
12. Personal and culinary services	45	15	35	10,295	2,370	7,930
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	45	40	10
43. Security and protective services	35	20	20	2,295	1,745	545
49. Transportation and materials moving	40	40	0	4,775	4,490	280
Other	0	0	0	70	20	50
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	70	20	45
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	1,215	590	635	219,985	111,390	108,595
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	630	330	305	70,790	37,290	33,495
Education	20	10	15	9,980	2,125	7,855
13. Education	20	10	15	9,980	2,125	7,855
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	45	30	15	3,790	1,465	2,325
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	10	10	0	815	520	300
50. Visual and performing arts	35	15	15	2,970	940	2,030
Humanities	60	40	25	4,505	1,980	2,525
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	0	0	0	560	145	415
23. English language and literature/letters	10	0	10	90	35	60
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10	0	0	2,455	1,165	1,290
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	160	125	35
39. Theology and religious vocations	35	20	15	270	175	95
54. History	10	0	0	320	185	140
55. French language and literature/letters	0	0	0	640	145	495
Social and behavioural sciences and law	40	0	35	9,810	2,430	7,380
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	50	10	40
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	10	0	0	1,125	375	750
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	20	0	20	3,585	205	3,380
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	1,635	505	1,125
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	15	10	0	315	75	240
42. Psychology	0	0	0	1,245	250	995
45. Social sciences	0	0	0	1,855	1,005	850
Business, management and public administration	85	25	55	35,450	10,880	24,575
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	15	0	10	2,000	365	1,635
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	70	25	45	33,445	10,515	22,925
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	2,915	1,540	1,375
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	1,240	475	765
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	405	230	170
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	215	120	95
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	760	575	180
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	300	140	155
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10	10	10	5,255	3,445	1,815
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10	10	0	4,620	3,200	1,415
25. Library science	0	0	0	350	50	300
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	225	135	85
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	70	60	10
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	95	85	10	38,470	36,075	2,395
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	965	600	360
14. Engineering	0	0	0	3,020	2,625	395
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	15	10	10	7,200	6,410	785
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	10	0	0
46. Construction trades	30	25	0	8,885	8,670	220
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	40	40	0	9,810	9,505	305
48. Precision production	10	10	0	8,585	8,255	325
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	10	10	10	5,995	4,115	1,880
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	10	0	10	4,385	2,750	1,630
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	1,610	1,360	250
Health and related fields	135	15	125	19,085	3,305	15,785
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	10	0	0	1,065	630	435
51. Health professions and related programs	130	10	120	17,795	2,595	15,200
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	0	0	0	230	80	145
Personal, protective and transportation services	90	55	40	13,870	6,725	7,145
12. Personal and culinary services	30	0	25	8,225	1,755	6,470
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	20	10	0
43. Security and protective services	30	15	20	1,750	1,320	430
49. Transportation and materials moving	30	30	0	3,875	3,645	235
Other	0	0	0	65	15	50
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	65	15	45
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	2,200	1,085	1,110	338,470	170,025	168,445
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,295	650	640	143,505	71,315	72,180
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	900	430	470	194,965	98,700	96,265
Location of study inside Canada	830	400	430	191,685	96,750	94,935
Same as province or territory of residence	785	365	420	189,425	95,440	93,980
Different than province or territory of residence	45	35	10	2,255	1,310	950
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	70	35	40	3,285	1,950	1,330
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	50	20	30	470	300	175
Philippines	0	0	0	55	35	20
India	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	0	10	0	45	20	25
China^{Census data footnote 162}	0	0	0	65	35	35
France	0	0	0	1,200	760	435
Other	25	10	15	1,445	800	645
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	1,220	590	630	219,985	111,390	108,595
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	635	330	305	70,790	37,290	33,500
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	585	260	325	149,195	74,100	75,095
Location of study inside Canada	530	240	300	146,595	72,610	73,985
Same as province or territory of residence	505	210	290	144,900	71,650	73,245
Different than province or territory of residence	30	30	0	1,695	955	740
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	55	25	35	2,600	1,490	1,115
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	40	15	25	250	140	110
Philippines	0	0	0	55	35	20
India	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	0	0	0	30	15	15
China^{Census data footnote 162}	0	0	0	65	35	35
France	0	0	0	1,005	620	385
Other	10	0	10	1,200	650	550
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	2,200	1,085	1,115	338,470	170,020	168,450
In the labour force	1,240	645	600	223,615	118,810	104,810
Employed	1,150	600	555	213,615	112,580	101,035
Unemployed	90	50	45	10,005	6,230	3,775
Not in the labour force	955	440	515	114,855	51,215	63,645
Participation rate	56.4	59.4	53.8	66.1	69.9	62.2
Employment rate	52.3	55.3	49.8	63.1	66.2	60.0
Unemployment rate	7.3	7.8	7.5	4.5	5.2	3.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	2,195	1,085	1,115	338,470	170,025	168,450
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	890	410	485	104,490	45,365	59,135
Worked	1,310	675	630	233,980	124,660	109,320
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	720	435	285	117,115	65,880	51,240
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	585	235	345	116,860	58,780	58,080
Average weeks worked in reference year	44.3	45.0	43.5	43.7	43.8	43.6
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	1,245	645	595	223,615	118,805	104,805
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	30	0	30	2,685	1,275	1,405
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	1,215	645	570	220,930	117,530	103,400
Employee	1,055	550	505	194,210	101,065	93,145
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	160	95	65	26,715	16,460	10,255
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	1,240	645	595	223,615	118,810	104,810
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	30	0	25	2,690	1,275	1,410
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	1,215	645	565	220,930	117,525	103,405
0 Management occupations	90	55	40	21,755	14,855	6,895
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	150	45	110	33,465	9,440	24,025
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	35	30	0	12,810	9,690	3,125
3 Health occupations	90	15	80	15,635	2,450	13,185
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	100	35	60	22,590	5,545	17,040
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	25	15	10	4,070	1,705	2,365
6 Sales and service occupations	285	110	175	47,120	18,770	28,350
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	225	200	20	38,110	36,285	1,825
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	30	30	0	5,850	4,600	1,250
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	175	110	65	19,525	14,180	5,345
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	1,245	645	595	223,615	118,805	104,805
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	30	0	30	2,685	1,280	1,410
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	1,210	650	570	220,930	117,530	103,400
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	10	15	0	11,065	8,110	2,955
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	595	530	65
22 Utilities	10	10	0	755	635	115
23 Construction	140	125	15	16,180	14,380	1,805
31-33 Manufacturing	260	180	80	40,465	30,055	10,405
41 Wholesale trade	45	20	25	6,880	5,025	1,855
44-45 Retail trade	155	65	90	25,645	11,490	14,155
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	50	35	15	8,885	7,075	1,815
51 Information and cultural industries	20	10	10	1,885	1,125	760
52 Finance and insurance	25	10	15	11,510	3,805	7,705
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	10	0	10	1,790	1,085	710
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	15	10	10	10,190	5,385	4,805
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	55	25	30
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	35	20	15	6,210	3,745	2,460
61 Educational services	30	10	25	13,150	3,710	9,445
62 Health care and social assistance	160	15	140	27,700	4,255	23,445
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	25	20	0	2,470	1,335	1,130
72 Accommodation and food services	110	40	70	12,945	4,460	8,485
81 Other services (except public administration)	85	45	35	10,530	5,235	5,295
91 Public administration	35	20	10	12,020	6,065	5,960
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	1,150	600	555	213,610	112,580	101,035
Worked at home	75	35	40	16,025	8,260	7,765
Worked outside Canada	0	10	0	550	485	65
No fixed workplace address	125	95	35	18,420	14,415	4,010
Worked at usual place	940	465	480	178,620	89,425	89,195
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	940	465	480	178,620	89,425	89,190
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	385	160	225	83,030	39,970	43,065
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	300	150	150	27,455	14,260	13,195
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	260	150	105	67,915	35,035	32,880
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	220	165	55
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	1,070	550	520	197,035	103,840	93,200
Car, truck, van - as a driver	835	430	410	171,465	91,340	80,130
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	85	50	35	7,950	3,880	4,065
Public transit	10	0	10	4,655	2,000	2,655
Walked	125	60	65	10,060	4,845	5,215
Bicycle	10	10	0	1,045	790	255
Other method	10	10	0	1,865	975	885
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	1,065	555	515	197,040	103,840	93,200
Less than 15 minutes	390	160	230	77,015	38,230	38,785
15 to 29 minutes	360	205	155	64,070	33,670	30,400
30 to 44 minutes	145	85	60	35,215	19,725	15,485
45 to 59 minutes	45	25	20	12,025	6,525	5,500
60 minutes and over	125	75	55	8,715	5,695	3,020
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	1,070	555	515	197,040	103,840	93,200
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	140	75	65	13,555	10,470	3,080
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	210	120	90	45,475	30,745	14,730
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	205	135	70	65,355	30,175	35,175
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	140	60	85	31,635	11,880	19,760
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	155	55	100	12,105	4,210	7,895
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	220	110	105	28,920	16,355	12,565
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	1,325	680	640	238,765	126,790	111,975
Single responses	1,325	685	640	234,710	124,305	110,400
Official languages	1,320	680	640	234,595	124,235	110,360
English	1,325	685	640	3,200	1,935	1,265
French	0	0	0	231,395	122,300	109,095
Non-official languages	0	0	0	110	75	40
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	110	75	45
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	90	60	35
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	10	0	10
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	90	60	25
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	75	55	25
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	10
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	10	0	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cantonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	10	10	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	0	0	0	4,055	2,485	1,575
English and French	0	0	0	3,875	2,375	1,495
English and non-official language	0	0	0	15	0	10
French and non-official language	0	0	0	95	45	50
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	80	55	25
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	1,320	685	640	238,765	126,790	111,975
None	1,315	675	640	208,140	108,570	99,570
English	0	0	0	27,745	16,630	11,110
French	10	0	0	2,280	1,320	960
Non-official language	0	0	0	355	180	180
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	10	0
Non-Aboriginal	0	0	0	350	170	180
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	10
English and non-official language	0	0	0	210	85	125
French and non-official language	0	0	0	30	10	25
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	2,620	1,300	1,320	404,220	203,635	200,585
Non-movers	2,310	1,145	1,165	370,375	187,140	183,235
Movers	310	160	155	33,850	16,495	17,350
Non-migrants	70	35	30	18,735	9,235	9,505
Migrants	245	120	120	15,115	7,265	7,850
Internal migrants	245	120	125	14,505	6,890	7,610
Intraprovincial migrants	235	115	120	14,205	6,740	7,470
Interprovincial migrants	10	10	0	295	155	140
External migrants	0	0	0	615	375	240
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	2,475	1,220	1,255	385,255	193,870	191,385
Non-movers	1,515	765	750	279,595	141,690	137,905
Movers	965	455	510	105,660	52,180	53,480
Non-migrants	495	220	275	57,415	28,365	29,050
Migrants	470	235	235	48,240	23,810	24,430
Internal migrants	440	220	220	46,030	22,590	23,445
Intraprovincial migrants	415	205	210	45,190	22,165	23,025
Interprovincial migrants	25	15	10	845	430	420
External migrants	30	20	15	2,215	1,225	985

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Durham [Population centre], Ontario and Chaudière-Appalaches [Economic region], Quebec (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 4, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Durham [Population centre], Ontario and Chaudière-Appalaches [Economic region], Quebec

Census Profile, 2016 Census Durham [Population centre], Ontario and Chaudière-Appalaches [Economic region], Quebec

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Durham [Population centre], Ontario and Chaudière-Appalaches [Economic region], Quebec