Census Profile, 2016 Census
Durham [Population centre], Ontario and Edmonton, City [Census subdivision], Alberta

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Durham Ontario [Population centre]			Edmonton, CY Alberta [Census subdivision]
	Data quality , Durham [Population centre], Ontario Map : Durham [Population centre], Ontario Change geography 1			Data quality : Edmonton, City [Census subdivision], Alberta Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	2,609	...	...	932,546	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	2,635 ^r	...	...	812,201	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	-1.0	...	...	14.8	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	1,196	...	...	387,950	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	1,152	...	...	360,828	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	810.7	...	...	1,360.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	3.22	...	...	685.25	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	2,610	1,265	1,345	932,545	465,890	466,655
0 to 14 years	370	195	175	164,520	84,150	80,370
0 to 4 years	115	60	55	60,070	30,600	29,470
5 to 9 years	120	55	55	56,100	28,710	27,385
10 to 14 years	140	75	60	48,350	24,835	23,515
15 to 64 years	1,455	745	715	655,590	331,860	323,735
15 to 19 years	130	75	50	50,850	26,010	24,840
20 to 24 years	115	65	50	69,115	34,880	34,235
25 to 29 years	130	60	70	85,410	43,425	41,980
30 to 34 years	125	65	65	84,785	43,135	41,645
35 to 39 years	130	55	70	72,790	37,215	35,580
40 to 44 years	135	70	60	62,770	31,950	30,820
45 to 49 years	155	75	75	58,900	29,880	29,025
50 to 54 years	170	95	75	61,825	31,045	30,780
55 to 59 years	185	80	100	59,620	29,820	29,795
60 to 64 years	185	90	90	49,530	24,505	25,030
65 years and over	780	325	455	112,440	49,880	62,555
65 to 69 years	205	85	125	37,215	18,145	19,075
70 to 74 years	185	90	95	24,635	11,330	13,300
75 to 79 years	140	55	80	19,090	8,470	10,620
80 to 84 years	120	50	65	15,165	6,315	8,850
85 years and over	135	50	85	16,325	5,620	10,710
85 to 89 years	80	35	45	10,225	3,900	6,325
90 to 94 years	45	15	35	4,710	1,415	3,290
95 to 99 years	10	5	5	1,210	275	935
100 years and over	0	0	0	190	30	160
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.2	15.4	13.0	17.6	18.1	17.2
15 to 64 years	55.7	58.9	53.2	70.3	71.2	69.4
65 years and over	29.9	25.7	33.8	12.1	10.7	13.4
85 years and over	5.2	4.0	6.3	1.8	1.2	2.3
Average age of the population	47.6	45.3	49.7	37.7	36.9	38.5
Median age of the population	50.6	47.3	53.4	35.7	35.2	36.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	1,155	...	...	360,825	...	...
Single-detached house	800	...	...	180,215	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	25,790	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	350	...	...	152,175	...	...
Semi-detached house	35	...	...	22,215	...	...
Row house	55	...	...	36,075	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	35	...	...	10,010	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	215	...	...	83,775	...	...
Other single-attached house	5	...	...	95	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	0	...	...	2,650	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	1,155	...	...	360,825	...	...
1 person	390	...	...	98,055	...	...
2 persons	440	...	...	117,110	...	...
3 persons	160	...	...	58,810	...	...
4 persons	105	...	...	51,650	...	...
5 or more persons	60	...	...	35,210	...	...
Number of persons in private households	2,480	...	...	913,580	...	...
Average household size	2.1	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	2,240	1,070	1,170	768,030	381,740	386,290
Married or living common law	1,235	615	620	425,750	214,060	211,695
Married	1,040	520	525	353,525	177,855	175,670
Living common law	190	95	95	72,230	36,205	36,025
Not married and not living common law	1,005	450	550	342,280	167,675	174,600
Never married	480	290	190	240,470	133,020	107,450
Separated	110	50	65	18,430	7,930	10,495
Divorced	150	60	90	48,940	19,925	29,010
Widowed	265	50	210	34,440	6,795	27,645
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	735	...	...	247,020	...	...
2 persons	445	...	...	118,670	...	...
3 persons	155	...	...	55,525	...	...
4 persons	85	...	...	50,160	...	...
5 or more persons	50	...	...	22,665	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	730	...	...	247,015	...	...
Total couple families	595	...	...	205,460	...	...
Married couples	500	...	...	169,350	...	...
Common-law couples	95	...	...	36,110	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	135	...	...	41,555	...	...
Female parent	110	...	...	32,765	...	...
Male parent	30	...	...	8,795	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	595	...	...	205,460	...	...
Couples without children	360	...	...	92,955	...	...
Couples with children	235	...	...	112,505	...	...
1 child	105	...	...	44,450	...	...
2 children	80	...	...	46,910	...	...
3 or more children	45	...	...	21,140	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	135	...	...	41,560	...	...
1 child	85	...	...	25,715	...	...
2 children	50	...	...	11,070	...	...
3 or more children	5	...	...	4,770	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	515	230	285	186,840	98,305	88,530
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	1,155	...	...	360,825	...	...
One-census-family households	715	...	...	228,005	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	355	...	...	85,555	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	360	...	...	142,450	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	10	...	...	9,235	...	...
Non-census-family households	425	...	...	123,585	...	...
One-person households	395	...	...	98,055	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	35	...	...	25,530	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	2,505	1,230	1,280	921,060	460,380	460,675
English only	2,425	1,200	1,220	833,125	419,990	413,135
French only	0	0	0	1,490	645	845
English and French	85	30	60	66,575	31,780	34,790
Neither English nor French	0	0	0	19,875	7,970	11,905
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	2,505	1,230	1,280	921,060	460,380	460,675
English	2,490	1,220	1,270	876,540	439,555	436,990
French	15	5	10	18,805	9,885	8,920
English and French	0	0	0	6,325	3,240	3,085
Neither English nor French	0	0	0	19,395	7,710	11,685
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	15	10	10	21,965	11,505	10,465
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	0.6	0.8	0.8	2.4	2.5	2.3
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	2,510	1,230	1,275	921,060	460,380	460,675
Single responses	2,500	1,230	1,270	891,125	445,760	445,370
Official languages	2,420	1,190	1,225	605,695	307,085	298,615
English	2,400	1,180	1,215	587,995	297,745	290,245
French	15	10	10	17,705	9,335	8,365
Non-official languages	80	35	45	285,430	138,675	146,750
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	2,010	755	1,255
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	1,610	610	1,005
Blackfoot	0	0	0	35	5	20
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	1,495	565	925
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	5	5	5
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	15	5	10
Plains Cree	0	0	0	300	100	200
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	20	5	15
Woods Cree	0	0	0	130	55	75
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,030	400	625
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	80	30	50
Algonquin	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	75	25	45
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	200	65	135
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	200	70	130
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	5	0	5
Carrier	0	0	0	5	0	5
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	5	0
Dene	0	0	0	130	45	85
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	15	5	15
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	5	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	40	15	25
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	5	0	10
South Slavey	0	0	0	20	5	15
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	5
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	5	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	40	10	30
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Inuktitut	0	0	0	20	10	15
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	10
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	25	15	15
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	5
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	85	30	60
Dakota	0	0	0	40	15	30
Stoney	0	0	0	45	20	30
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	5	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	5	0	5
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	15	10
Non-Aboriginal languages	80	35	45	283,420	137,920	145,495
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	30,335	15,820	14,515
Berber languages	0	0	0	130	75	60
Kabyle	0	0	0	75	45	30
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	30	25
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	7,890	3,960	3,930
Bilen	0	0	0	245	140	105
Oromo	0	0	0	1,120	580	540
Somali	0	0	0	6,500	3,230	3,270
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	10
Semitic languages	0	0	0	22,250	11,745	10,500
Amharic	0	0	0	2,485	1,205	1,280
Arabic	0	0	0	16,695	8,925	7,770
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	65	30	35
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	35	20	10
Harari	0	0	0	170	85	80
Hebrew	0	0	0	390	210	175
Maltese	0	0	0	20	10	10
Tigrigna	0	0	0	2,315	1,215	1,100
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	40	30
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	65	35	25
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	9,400	4,350	5,045
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	745	355	395
Vietnamese	0	0	0	8,645	3,995	4,650
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	5	5	5
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	37,650	16,545	21,110
Bikol	0	0	0	95	45	50
Cebuano	0	0	0	1,775	750	1,020
Fijian	0	0	0	50	25	20
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	485	215	270
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,680	720	960
Malagasy	0	0	0	10	0	5
Malay	0	0	0	460	210	255
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	310	145	165
Pangasinan	0	0	0	95	40	55
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	32,355	14,230	18,120
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	70	35	35
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	270	120	145
Creole languages	0	0	0	975	505	465
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	50	25	25
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	590	330	265
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	325	155	175
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	6,440	3,340	3,100
Kannada	0	0	0	195	95	95
Malayalam	0	0	0	3,315	1,700	1,615
Tamil	0	0	0	2,025	1,065	960
Telugu	0	0	0	890	465	420
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	10
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Indo-European languages	75	30	45	132,415	65,745	66,670
Albanian	0	0	0	735	405	335
Armenian	0	0	0	155	80	75
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	0	29,065	13,530	15,540
Baltic languages	0	0	0	255	115	140
Latvian	0	0	0	120	55	65
Lithuanian	0	0	0	135	60	75
Slavic languages	5	5	0	28,815	13,420	15,395
Belarusan	0	0	0	35	15	15
Bosnian	0	0	0	685	345	340
Bulgarian	0	0	0	430	230	205
Croatian	0	5	0	1,735	910	825
Czech	0	0	0	675	335	340
Macedonian	0	0	0	170	90	80
Polish	0	0	0	8,095	3,775	4,325
Russian	0	0	0	5,065	2,360	2,700
Serbian	0	0	0	1,680	845	835
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	340	170	170
Slovak	0	0	0	460	235	225
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	240	110	125
Ukrainian	0	0	0	9,125	3,965	5,170
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	35	35
Celtic languages	5	0	0	85	50	35
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	45	25	15
Welsh	0	0	0	15	10	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	20	15
Germanic languages	45	20	25	13,130	6,150	6,985
Afrikaans	0	0	0	330	170	165
Danish	5	0	0	450	215	235
Dutch	20	10	10	2,440	1,190	1,255
Frisian	0	0	0	60	35	25
German	20	5	15	9,380	4,340	5,045
Icelandic	0	0	0	30	15	15
Norwegian	0	0	0	145	60	85
Swedish	0	0	0	185	85	105
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	45	20	25
Yiddish	0	0	0	55	30	25
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	920	505	420
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	61,115	31,380	29,735
Indo-Aryan languages	0	5	0	54,775	28,055	26,720
Bengali	0	0	0	2,275	1,200	1,080
Gujarati	0	0	0	5,540	2,870	2,670
Hindi	0	0	0	8,010	4,020	3,995
Kashmiri	0	0	0	20	10	10
Konkani	0	0	0	145	75	70
Marathi	0	0	0	505	260	245
Nepali	0	0	0	1,895	990	905
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	70	40	35
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	26,425	13,570	12,855
Sindhi	0	0	0	905	420	480
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	1,180	615	565
Urdu	0	0	0	7,810	3,985	3,825
Iranian languages	0	0	0	6,070	3,180	2,890
Kurdish	0	0	0	740	410	335
Pashto	0	0	0	625	330	300
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	4,700	2,445	2,255
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	275	145	125
Italic (Romance) languages	20	5	10	27,195	13,650	13,545
Catalan	0	0	0	25	10	10
Italian	10	0	5	4,240	2,070	2,170
Portuguese	0	0	0	4,055	1,980	2,075
Romanian	0	0	0	2,300	1,150	1,145
Spanish	10	5	5	16,570	8,435	8,135
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Japanese	0	0	0	940	310	630
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	60	35	25
Georgian	0	0	0	60	40	25
Korean	0	0	0	5,995	2,850	3,145
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	80	35	40
Mongolian	0	0	0	80	35	40
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	6,985	3,530	3,455
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	840	435	405
Bamanankan	0	0	0	15	10	5
Edo	0	0	0	135	70	70
Ewe	0	0	0	115	70	45
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	135	70	60
Ga	0	0	0	65	40	25
Ganda	0	0	0	205	105	100
Igbo	0	0	0	305	160	145
Lingala	0	0	0	150	75	80
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	390	190	200
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	605	300	305
Shona	0	0	0	520	255	265
Swahili	0	0	0	1,185	575	605
Wolof	0	0	0	130	85	45
Yoruba	0	0	0	665	370	300
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,525	720	810
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	735	380	360
Dinka	0	0	0	330	170	160
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	405	210	200
Sign languages	0	0	0	295	150	140
American Sign Language	0	0	0	145	70	80
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	150	85	65
Sino-Tibetan languages	5	0	5	46,565	22,055	24,510
Chinese languages	5	0	0	45,890	21,695	24,200
Cantonese	0	0	0	22,015	10,305	11,705
Hakka	0	0	0	600	285	315
Mandarin	0	5	0	19,460	9,270	10,190
Min Dong	0	0	0	65	25	40
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	1,210	550	660
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	225	115	115
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,285	1,130	1,155
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	5	15
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	675	360	315
Burmese	0	0	0	130	70	60
Karenic languages	0	0	0	425	230	195
Tibetan	0	0	0	20	15	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	45	55
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	895	355	540
Lao	0	0	0	360	180	180
Thai	0	0	0	525	170	350
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	10	5	5
Turkic languages	0	0	0	1,975	1,095	875
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	110	65	45
Turkish	0	0	0	1,665	925	745
Uyghur	0	0	0	50	30	20
Uzbek	0	0	0	105	60	45
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	20
Uralic languages	5	5	5	1,450	685	760
Estonian	0	0	0	30	10	20
Finnish	0	0	0	160	65	95
Hungarian	5	0	0	1,255	610	645
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	220	130	95
Multiple responses	10	5	5	29,935	14,625	15,305
English and French	0	0	5	2,715	1,335	1,380
English and non-official language	5	5	5	25,555	12,460	13,090
French and non-official language	5	0	0	1,115	550	560
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	555	280	280
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	2,505	1,230	1,275	921,060	460,385	460,675
Single responses	2,490	1,225	1,265	855,580	428,305	427,270
Official languages	2,480	1,225	1,260	691,360	347,590	343,760
English	2,475	1,220	1,260	683,370	343,475	339,900
French	5	0	5	7,990	4,125	3,865
Non-official languages	10	5	10	164,220	80,715	83,510
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	415	195	230
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	355	165	190
Blackfoot	0	0	0	10	5	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	330	150	175
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	15	5	5
Plains Cree	0	0	0	50	20	30
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	15	5	15
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	245	115	130
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	5	5
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	10	10	5
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	20	5	15
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	20	5	15
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	15	5	10
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	5	0	5
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	5	0	5
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	5	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	25	15	15
Dakota	0	0	0	10	5	10
Stoney	0	0	0	15	10	10
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	5
Non-Aboriginal languages	10	0	5	163,805	80,520	83,280
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	19,955	10,125	9,830
Berber languages	0	0	0	95	45	50
Kabyle	0	0	0	50	25	25
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	20	20
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	5,840	2,925	2,910
Bilen	0	0	0	215	125	90
Oromo	0	0	0	885	450	435
Somali	0	0	0	4,730	2,345	2,380
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Semitic languages	0	0	0	14,005	7,145	6,865
Amharic	0	0	0	1,695	805	890
Arabic	0	0	0	10,255	5,280	4,970
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	30	15	20
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	15	10	10
Harari	0	0	0	115	55	60
Hebrew	0	0	0	190	100	95
Maltese	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tigrigna	0	0	0	1,650	855	795
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	30	20
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	5
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	6,150	2,840	3,310
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	390	180	200
Vietnamese	0	0	0	5,760	2,655	3,105
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	5	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	20,395	9,600	10,795
Bikol	0	0	0	15	10	5
Cebuano	0	0	0	765	365	400
Fijian	0	0	0	25	15	10
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	180	80	100
Ilocano	0	0	0	565	265	300
Malagasy	0	0	0	5	5	0
Malay	0	0	0	120	55	65
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	125	60	65
Pangasinan	0	0	0	15	5	10
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	18,485	8,690	9,795
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	10	0	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	80	40	40
Creole languages	0	0	0	555	285	275
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	40	20	20
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	375	195	180
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	140	70	75
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	4,235	2,180	2,055
Kannada	0	0	0	75	35	40
Malayalam	0	0	0	2,260	1,160	1,105
Tamil	0	0	0	1,355	715	635
Telugu	0	0	0	540	270	270
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	10	5	0
Indo-European languages	5	0	5	70,050	35,140	34,910
Albanian	0	0	0	355	190	165
Armenian	0	0	0	75	35	35
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	11,655	5,675	5,980
Baltic languages	0	0	0	90	45	50
Latvian	0	0	0	40	20	25
Lithuanian	0	0	0	50	25	25
Slavic languages	5	0	0	11,565	5,635	5,935
Belarusan	0	0	0	10	5	5
Bosnian	0	0	0	295	150	145
Bulgarian	0	0	0	265	140	130
Croatian	0	0	0	830	430	405
Czech	0	0	0	210	110	105
Macedonian	0	0	0	85	45	40
Polish	5	0	0	3,475	1,625	1,845
Russian	0	0	0	2,940	1,455	1,485
Serbian	0	0	0	950	475	470
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	105	55	55
Slovak	0	0	0	130	65	65
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	60	35	25
Ukrainian	0	0	0	2,190	1,045	1,140
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	5	10
Celtic languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	5	5	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Germanic languages	5	0	5	1,785	850	935
Afrikaans	0	0	0	145	70	75
Danish	0	0	0	30	15	15
Dutch	0	0	0	140	65	75
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	5	1,385	660	725
Icelandic	0	0	0	15	10	10
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Swedish	0	0	0	45	20	30
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	10	5	5
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	325	165	165
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	41,435	21,030	20,405
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	37,435	19,010	18,425
Bengali	0	0	0	1,425	735	690
Gujarati	0	0	0	3,555	1,810	1,750
Hindi	0	0	0	4,875	2,470	2,400
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	5
Konkani	0	0	0	35	20	20
Marathi	0	0	0	315	160	155
Nepali	0	0	0	1,335	700	635
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	35	20	15
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	19,800	10,075	9,725
Sindhi	0	0	0	450	220	225
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	705	370	340
Urdu	0	0	0	4,900	2,425	2,470
Iranian languages	0	0	0	3,885	1,970	1,920
Kurdish	0	0	0	370	195	170
Pashto	0	0	0	405	210	185
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	3,120	1,565	1,555
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	50	65
Italic (Romance) languages	0	5	0	14,410	7,190	7,220
Catalan	0	0	0	15	5	10
Italian	5	0	0	1,345	610	735
Portuguese	0	0	0	1,800	855	945
Romanian	0	0	0	1,245	620	625
Spanish	0	0	0	10,005	5,100	4,905
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Japanese	0	0	0	425	170	255
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	50	25	25
Georgian	0	0	0	50	30	25
Korean	5	0	0	4,380	2,145	2,235
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	50	20	30
Mongolian	0	0	0	50	20	25
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	2,845	1,375	1,470
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	425	200	220
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	35	15	15
Ewe	0	0	0	40	25	20
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	55	30	20
Ga	0	0	0	15	10	5
Ganda	0	0	0	75	35	40
Igbo	0	0	0	80	40	45
Lingala	0	0	0	35	15	20
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	195	90	105
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	285	150	135
Shona	0	0	0	200	90	110
Swahili	0	0	0	580	275	305
Wolof	0	0	0	85	45	40
Yoruba	0	0	0	265	140	130
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	470	215	260
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	365	185	180
Dinka	0	0	0	200	110	90
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	165	75	90
Sign languages	0	0	0	385	220	160
American Sign Language	0	0	0	165	85	80
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	5
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	215	140	85
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	31,760	15,075	16,690
Chinese languages	0	0	0	31,240	14,800	16,435
Cantonese	0	0	0	14,485	6,700	7,780
Hakka	0	0	0	215	90	120
Mandarin	0	0	0	14,460	7,025	7,430
Min Dong	0	0	0	10	5	5
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	540	225	310
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	120	60	55
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,410	690	720
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	525	275	250
Burmese	0	0	0	90	50	40
Karenic languages	0	0	0	355	190	165
Tibetan	0	0	0	20	10	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	25	35
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	430	205	220
Lao	0	0	0	175	85	90
Thai	0	0	0	245	115	130
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	5	5	5
Turkic languages	0	0	0	1,260	670	585
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	45	25	20
Turkish	0	0	0	1,110	590	520
Uyghur	0	0	0	30	20	10
Uzbek	0	0	0	65	30	30
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5
Uralic languages	0	0	0	430	205	225
Estonian	0	0	0	5	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	25	10	15
Hungarian	0	0	0	405	195	210
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	35	35
Multiple responses	20	5	10	65,480	32,075	33,405
English and French	5	0	0	2,070	1,045	1,015
English and non-official language	15	5	10	61,650	30,160	31,485
French and non-official language	0	0	0	545	265	280
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	1,220	600	620
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	2,510	1,230	1,275	921,065	460,385	460,680
None	2,475	1,215	1,255	749,235	376,135	373,095
English	5	0	0	73,015	36,560	36,455
French	10	0	5	9,560	4,575	4,985
Non-official language	30	10	15	85,880	41,390	44,490
Aboriginal	0	0	0	1,815	715	1,105
Non-Aboriginal	30	10	15	84,065	40,675	43,390
English and French	0	0	0	655	335	315
English and non-official language	0	0	0	1,795	935	855
French and non-official language	0	0	5	890	435	460
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	45	25	15
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	2,105	1,025	1,090	749,380	373,235	376,150
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	2,030	980	1,050	712,245	354,980	357,260
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	27,392	32,368	23,177	41,836	51,506	33,820
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	2,030	980	1,050	712,370	355,010	357,370
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	25,716	29,248	22,669	37,352	44,584	31,031
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	1,720	845	870	656,950	335,805	321,145
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	23,520	30,656	17,515	41,821	51,517	33,069
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	1,630	740	890	432,325	178,805	253,525
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	10,732	9,984	11,290	3,567	2,571	4,014
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	1,255	655	600	576,325	301,585	274,740
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,320	33,648	22,848	43,069	52,280	34,903
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	2,195	1,085	1,115	749,395	373,375	376,020
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	2,110	1,040	1,070	712,520	355,075	357,440
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,955	38,864	29,185	57,032	69,876	44,272
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	2,110	1,040	1,070	712,670	355,105	357,560
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,991	33,806	26,282	46,823	55,986	37,723
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,825	915	905	657,115	335,780	321,335
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,930	35,893	23,912	57,236	70,309	43,574
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,700	785	920	431,590	178,230	253,360
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	10,077	9,680	10,416	7,011	6,751	7,194
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,335	690	650	576,330	301,010	275,315
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,302	37,448	24,722	54,801	65,829	42,745
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	2,200	1,085	1,115	749,395	373,375	376,020
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	700	425	270	267,435	151,130	116,305
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	39,045	42,654	32,935	62,030	69,850	54,443
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	43,509	47,634	36,982	74,180	84,054	61,348
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	75.1	80.9	68.2	92.6	95.2	88.5
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	60.0	66.7	52.1	77.4	79.6	73.9
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	24.9	19.0	32.3	7.4	4.8	11.5
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	2,110	1,025	1,085	749,380	373,230	376,145
Without total income	80	45	35	37,140	18,250	18,890
With total income	2,030	980	1,050	712,245	354,980	357,260
Percentage with total income	96.2	95.6	96.8	95.0	95.1	95.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	235	100	135	89,175	35,580	53,600
$10,000 to $19,999	435	165	270	93,515	36,960	56,560
$20,000 to $29,999	430	185	245	86,675	34,500	52,175
$30,000 to $39,999	310	135	175	73,335	32,130	41,210
$40,000 to $49,999	230	120	110	70,490	33,175	37,320
$50,000 to $59,999	135	85	50	62,445	31,450	31,000
$60,000 to $69,999	95	70	30	51,365	28,510	22,855
$70,000 to $79,999	50	30	15	40,570	24,485	16,085
$80,000 to $89,999	30	20	10	31,440	19,520	11,920
$90,000 to $99,999	25	20	10	26,250	16,215	10,035
$100,000 and over	50	45	10	86,985	62,475	24,510
$100,000 to $149,999	40	30	5	58,565	40,680	17,890
$150,000 and over	10	10	0	28,415	21,795	6,625
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	2,110	1,020	1,085	749,380	373,230	376,150
Without after-tax income	80	45	35	37,010	18,225	18,780
With after-tax income	2,030	980	1,055	712,375	355,010	357,365
Percentage with after-tax income	96.2	96.1	97.2	95.1	95.1	95.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	240	105	140	90,875	36,085	54,790
$10,000 to $19,999	460	175	280	97,655	38,725	58,930
$20,000 to $29,999	500	225	275	100,035	40,460	59,575
$30,000 to $39,999	330	155	175	92,180	42,085	50,095
$40,000 to $49,999	235	135	105	87,355	43,450	43,910
$50,000 to $59,999	120	80	40	69,290	38,480	30,810
$60,000 to $69,999	50	35	15	49,970	30,460	19,510
$70,000 to $79,999	40	25	15	36,960	23,005	13,955
$80,000 and over	50	40	10	88,055	62,255	25,800
$80,000 to $89,999	25	20	5	27,180	17,610	9,565
$90,000 to $99,999	5	10	0	17,325	11,960	5,365
$100,000 and over	20	15	0	43,555	32,685	10,870
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	2,110	1,025	1,085	749,380	373,235	376,145
Without employment income	855	365	490	173,050	71,650	101,405
With employment income	1,255	660	595	576,330	301,585	274,740
Percentage with employment income	59.5	64.4	54.8	76.9	80.8	73.0
Under $5,000 (including loss)	195	95	100	56,045	24,765	31,275
$5,000 to $9,999	115	40	70	37,925	15,895	22,030
$10,000 to $19,999	165	75	95	65,325	27,965	37,360
$20,000 to $29,999	180	85	95	55,825	23,765	32,065
$30,000 to $39,999	200	90	110	55,460	25,405	30,050
$40,000 to $49,999	135	80	55	55,750	26,865	28,885
$50,000 to $59,999	90	70	25	51,430	26,250	25,175
$60,000 to $69,999	65	45	15	42,090	24,000	18,090
$70,000 to $79,999	30	20	10	34,395	21,275	13,120
$80,000 and over	85	65	20	122,080	85,395	36,685
$80,000 to $89,999	25	10	5	27,055	17,255	9,800
$90,000 to $99,999	25	20	5	23,455	14,625	8,825
$100,000 and over	40	35	5	71,570	53,520	18,055
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	1,150	...	...	360,830	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	48,640	...	...	87,225	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	45,632	...	...	75,057	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	395	...	...	98,055	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	24,939	...	...	47,935	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	24,288	...	...	41,497	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	755	...	...	262,770	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	65,254	...	...	106,260	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	59,878	...	...	91,076	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	1,195	...	...	360,830	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	60,091	...	...	112,619	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	53,074	...	...	92,480	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	370	...	...	98,075	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,498	...	...	59,678	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	28,371	...	...	48,955	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	825	...	...	262,755	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	72,928	...	...	132,380	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	64,165	...	...	108,726	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	1,155	...	...	360,830	...	...
Under $5,000	10	...	...	5,945	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	15	...	...	3,715	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	50	...	...	5,165	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	55	...	...	8,960	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	105	...	...	12,595	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	65	...	...	10,135	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	100	...	...	10,675	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	70	...	...	11,685	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	60	...	...	11,660	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	55	...	...	11,920	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	100	...	...	24,290	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	95	...	...	24,405	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	85	...	...	23,325	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	65	...	...	21,765	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	55	...	...	20,695	...	...
$100,000 and over	165	...	...	153,885	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	85	...	...	43,970	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	50	...	...	33,125	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	25	...	...	40,385	...	...
$200,000 and over	5	...	...	36,400	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	1,150	...	...	360,830	...	...
Under $5,000	10	...	...	6,225	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	20	...	...	3,770	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	50	...	...	5,285	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	55	...	...	9,320	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	115	...	...	13,480	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	75	...	...	11,560	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	100	...	...	12,875	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	65	...	...	14,125	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	75	...	...	14,795	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	60	...	...	15,210	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	115	...	...	30,590	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	105	...	...	29,205	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	90	...	...	27,310	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	55	...	...	25,495	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	50	...	...	22,435	...	...
$100,000 and over	105	...	...	119,135	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	70	...	...	44,215	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	25	...	...	29,245	...	...
$150,000 and over	10	...	...	45,675	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	730	...	...	244,435	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	65,254	...	...	105,101	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	59,827	...	...	90,025	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	340	...	...	83,525	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	61,568	...	...	100,821	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	56,832	...	...	85,642	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	240	...	...	112,650	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	83,763	...	...	125,416	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	75,520	...	...	106,474	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.8	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	135	...	...	38,025	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	45,440	...	...	62,791	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	42,624	...	...	56,914	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	795	...	...	244,235	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	72,740	...	...	132,588	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	63,995	...	...	108,579	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	385	...	...	83,505	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	67,905	...	...	132,253	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	59,332	...	...	106,714	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	275	...	...	112,720	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	88,893	...	...	153,451	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	78,198	...	...	125,412	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	120	...	...	37,770	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	55,221	...	...	76,259	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	49,591	...	...	65,861	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	465	215	250	157,810	84,815	72,995
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	24,640	27,648	23,360	41,697	45,587	37,593
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	23,984	25,685	22,891	36,995	39,683	34,027
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	470	230	230	157,765	84,825	72,940
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	30,014	30,909	29,117	52,314	56,488	47,461
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	26,937	27,272	26,602	43,421	46,146	40,252
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	2,480	1,220	1,260	913,580	457,210	456,375
In the bottom half of the distribution	1,705	800	905	375,455	181,915	193,540
In the bottom decile	245	125	120	76,415	37,485	38,930
In the second decile	440	180	260	69,260	32,005	37,250
In the third decile	400	195	205	71,660	34,285	37,375
In the fourth decile	330	160	165	75,965	37,405	38,565
In the fifth decile	300	140	150	82,150	40,730	41,420
In the top half of the distribution	775	415	360	538,125	275,295	262,835
In the sixth decile	260	145	115	87,485	43,610	43,875
In the seventh decile	205	105	100	93,285	47,125	46,160
In the eighth decile	130	70	55	102,770	52,610	50,160
In the ninth decile	145	75	65	118,060	60,660	57,400
In the top decile	40	20	15	136,525	71,290	65,235
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	2,480	1,220	1,265	913,580	457,210	456,375
0 to 17 years	445	245	205	193,235	98,860	94,380
0 to 5 years	150	75	70	71,515	36,475	35,035
18 to 64 years	1,370	690	675	619,535	312,185	307,350
65 years and over	665	280	380	100,815	46,170	54,650
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	470	215	260	99,735	47,255	52,480
0 to 17 years	100	50	45	31,190	15,955	15,240
0 to 5 years	45	20	20	12,270	6,280	5,985
18 to 64 years	245	120	125	59,930	28,155	31,770
65 years and over	125	35	90	8,620	3,145	5,470
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	19.0	17.6	20.6	10.9	10.3	11.5
0 to 17 years (%)	22.5	20.4	22.0	16.1	16.1	16.1
0 to 5 years (%)	30.0	26.7	28.6	17.2	17.2	17.1
18 to 64 years (%)	17.9	17.4	18.5	9.7	9.0	10.3
65 years and over (%)	18.8	12.5	23.7	8.6	6.8	10.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	160	90	70	91,090	44,565	46,520
0 to 17 years	30	20	10	25,155	12,830	12,320
0 to 5 years	15	10	10	9,920	5,070	4,850
18 to 64 years	125	70	55	61,135	29,895	31,240
65 years and over	5	0	5	4,800	1,840	2,955
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.5	7.4	5.5	10.0	9.7	10.2
0 to 17 years (%)	6.7	8.2	4.9	13.0	13.0	13.1
0 to 5 years (%)	10.0	13.3	14.3	13.9	13.9	13.8
18 to 64 years (%)	9.1	10.1	8.1	9.9	9.6	10.2
65 years and over (%)	0.8	0.0	1.3	4.8	4.0	5.4
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	2,655	1,315	1,340	913,585	457,210	456,375
Official languages	2,655	1,320	1,340	893,915	449,325	444,585
English	2,655	1,320	1,335	892,545	448,740	443,805
French	90	45	50	67,445	31,990	35,455
Non-official languages	115	65	45	357,820	174,580	183,240
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	3,660	1,475	2,185
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	3,100	1,195	1,910
Blackfoot	0	0	0	40	10	30
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	2,960	1,145	1,815
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	20	0	15
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	10	0	15
Plains Cree	0	0	0	855	310	540
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	25	10	15
Woods Cree	0	0	0	215	100	115
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,840	715	1,120
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	10	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	125	40	90
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	125	35	85
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	270	115	160
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	275	115	160
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	10
Carrier	0	0	0	25	10	15
Chilcotin	0	0	0	10	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	175	70	105
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	40	25	20
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	35	20	10
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	20	10	10
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	10	0	10
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	10	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	60	30	35
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	15	0	15
Inuktitut	0	0	0	30	15	20
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	15	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	10	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	10	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	50	30	20
Salish languages	0	0	0	25	10	15
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	10	10	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	10	10	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	145	80	70
Dakota	0	0	0	70	40	30
Stoney	0	0	0	85	45	40
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	10	10	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	20	10	10
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Nisga'a	0	0	0	15	10	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	115	65	50	354,280	173,170	181,110
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	43,075	22,315	20,760
Berber languages	0	0	0	205	105	100
Kabyle	0	0	0	85	45	40
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	120	60	60
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	9,765	4,975	4,785
Bilen	0	0	0	245	140	100
Oromo	0	0	0	1,200	645	560
Somali	0	0	0	8,370	4,215	4,155
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	20
Semitic languages	0	0	0	34,290	17,870	16,425
Amharic	0	0	0	4,040	2,055	1,985
Arabic	0	0	0	26,705	14,050	12,660
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	60	35	25
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	20	15	0
Harari	0	0	0	240	95	140
Hebrew	0	0	0	1,390	730	660
Maltese	0	0	0	40	20	20
Tigrigna	0	0	0	3,120	1,580	1,535
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	155	85	70
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	150	85	65
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	12,500	5,840	6,660
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	1,065	510	555
Vietnamese	0	0	0	11,485	5,355	6,125
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	10
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	47,290	20,890	26,395
Bikol	0	0	0	60	25	30
Cebuano	0	0	0	2,290	1,035	1,250
Fijian	0	0	0	130	85	50
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	475	190	280
Ilocano	0	0	0	2,190	930	1,260
Malagasy	0	0	0	15	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	1,105	510	595
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	485	220	270
Pangasinan	0	0	0	165	70	95
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	44,790	19,725	25,065
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	105	35	70
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	410	170	240
Creole languages	10	0	10	2,015	1,085	920
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	115	65	50
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,205	670	535
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	705	365	340
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	8,495	4,470	4,025
Kannada	0	0	0	340	165	175
Malayalam	0	0	0	4,390	2,250	2,140
Tamil	0	0	0	2,960	1,610	1,350
Telugu	0	0	0	1,295	690	605
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	65	35	25
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	30	15	10
Indo-European languages	110	65	40	169,120	84,245	84,875
Albanian	0	0	0	880	485	395
Armenian	0	0	0	185	75	110
Balto-Slavic languages	10	10	0	33,535	15,825	17,710
Baltic languages	0	0	0	420	200	220
Latvian	0	0	0	195	90	105
Lithuanian	0	0	0	225	110	115
Slavic languages	10	0	0	33,305	15,715	17,585
Belarusan	0	0	0	95	45	45
Bosnian	0	0	0	1,110	540	570
Bulgarian	0	0	0	465	240	230
Croatian	0	0	0	2,460	1,350	1,105
Czech	0	0	0	800	355	445
Macedonian	0	0	0	220	105	120
Polish	0	0	10	9,790	4,765	5,015
Russian	0	0	0	8,175	3,885	4,295
Serbian	0	0	0	2,305	1,110	1,195
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	420	200	215
Slovak	0	0	0	540	295	240
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	220	115	100
Ukrainian	0	0	0	11,210	4,785	6,425
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	90	45	50
Celtic languages	10	0	0	330	205	125
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	125	65	55
Welsh	0	0	10	65	45	20
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	145	95	50
Germanic languages	70	50	20	18,965	9,315	9,655
Afrikaans	0	0	0	795	395	405
Danish	0	0	0	475	220	250
Dutch	35	25	15	2,860	1,390	1,475
Frisian	0	0	0	65	45	25
German	50	35	15	14,295	7,110	7,180
Icelandic	0	0	0	35	15	20
Norwegian	0	0	0	315	125	195
Swedish	0	0	0	410	210	200
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	35	10	25
Yiddish	0	0	0	70	35	35
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Greek	10	0	10	1,300	635	665
Indo-Iranian languages	0	10	0	75,425	38,920	36,505
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	68,980	35,490	33,485
Bengali	0	0	0	2,760	1,460	1,300
Gujarati	0	0	0	7,275	3,620	3,655
Hindi	0	0	0	26,305	13,735	12,570
Kashmiri	0	0	0	50	30	20
Konkani	0	0	0	125	50	75
Marathi	0	0	0	815	450	365
Nepali	0	0	0	1,925	1,040	880
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	100	55	45
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	34,305	17,695	16,605
Sindhi	0	0	0	1,675	770	910
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	1,695	860	835
Urdu	10	0	0	11,850	6,170	5,675
Iranian languages	0	0	0	6,935	3,670	3,265
Kurdish	0	0	0	855	520	335
Pashto	0	0	0	790	435	355
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	5,510	2,865	2,645
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	450	250	210
Italic (Romance) languages	15	0	10	42,430	20,840	21,585
Catalan	0	0	0	75	40	35
Italian	10	0	10	7,250	3,610	3,640
Portuguese	0	0	0	5,290	2,615	2,670
Romanian	0	0	0	2,795	1,435	1,360
Spanish	10	10	10	28,510	13,865	14,650
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	40	40
Japanese	0	0	0	2,140	930	1,200
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	60	20	35
Georgian	0	0	0	60	25	40
Korean	0	0	0	6,685	3,155	3,530
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	150	65	80
Mongolian	0	0	0	145	65	80
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	12,615	6,395	6,215
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	1,370	680	690
Bamanankan	0	0	0	25	15	15
Edo	0	0	0	250	115	130
Ewe	0	0	0	150	80	70
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	155	80	80
Ga	0	0	0	185	100	85
Ganda	0	0	0	425	205	215
Igbo	0	0	0	600	330	270
Lingala	0	0	0	700	340	360
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	580	280	305
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	895	470	425
Shona	0	0	0	895	440	450
Swahili	0	0	0	3,380	1,800	1,580
Wolof	0	0	0	225	135	90
Yoruba	0	0	0	1,555	805	745
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	3,115	1,515	1,600
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	925	455	465
Dinka	0	0	0	570	260	310
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	355	195	160
Sign languages	0	0	0	2,075	835	1,240
American Sign Language	0	0	0	1,245	450	800
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	840	385	450
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	53,530	25,835	27,690
Chinese languages	0	0	0	52,725	25,415	27,305
Cantonese	0	0	0	27,980	13,370	14,610
Hakka	0	0	0	660	285	370
Mandarin	0	0	0	27,395	13,080	14,315
Min Dong	0	0	0	20	10	15
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	1,535	690	850
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	255	120	135
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,330	1,180	1,155
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	25
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	830	430	395
Burmese	0	0	0	235	120	110
Karenic languages	0	0	0	450	230	225
Tibetan	0	0	0	45	20	20
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	150	80	70
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	1,085	445	640
Lao	0	0	0	515	240	275
Thai	0	0	0	650	220	430
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	2,785	1,535	1,255
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	225	120	105
Turkish	0	0	0	2,290	1,275	1,020
Uyghur	0	0	0	145	70	75
Uzbek	0	0	0	145	80	70
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	65	30	35
Uralic languages	0	0	0	1,815	850	965
Estonian	0	0	0	25	15	10
Finnish	0	0	0	290	95	190
Hungarian	0	0	0	1,505	735	765
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	640	370	275
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	2,655	1,320	1,340	913,585	457,210	456,370
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	2,605	1,300	1,300	793,725	397,565	396,165
Canadian citizens aged under 18	510	265	245	173,215	88,605	84,610
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	2,090	1,035	1,055	620,515	308,960	311,555
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	55	15	35	119,860	59,645	60,215
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	2,660	1,320	1,340	913,585	457,210	456,370
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	2,530	1,265	1,265	613,865	309,585	304,280
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	120	50	70	274,360	134,350	140,005
Before 1981	70	30	35	48,220	24,090	24,135
1981 to 1990	15	0	10	30,460	15,010	15,455
1991 to 2000	10	0	0	43,245	20,325	22,915
2001 to 2010	10	10	10	80,875	39,850	41,025
2001 to 2005	0	0	0	33,690	16,395	17,295
2006 to 2010	15	10	10	47,185	23,450	23,730
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	20	10	15	71,555	35,075	36,480
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	0	0	10	25,360	13,275	12,085
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	125	50	70	274,355	134,350	140,010
Under 5 years	10	0	0	25,255	13,065	12,190
5 to 14 years	25	15	10	45,825	23,775	22,050
15 to 24 years	50	15	30	56,420	25,910	30,510
25 to 44 years	30	10	20	123,445	60,725	62,715
45 years and over	10	0	0	23,410	10,870	12,540
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	120	50	70	274,355	134,350	140,010
Americas	35	10	25	26,650	12,960	13,685
Brazil	0	0	0	655	270	390
Colombia	0	0	0	2,455	1,260	1,195
El Salvador	0	0	0	2,895	1,465	1,430
Guyana	0	0	0	1,265	575	690
Haiti	0	0	0	505	275	230
Jamaica	0	0	0	2,510	1,155	1,355
Mexico	0	0	0	2,045	1,040	1,010
Peru	0	0	0	475	190	290
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	1,405	690	710
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	35	10	25	6,230	3,005	3,220
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	6,205	3,030	3,175
Europe	85	40	45	49,280	24,425	24,850
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	1,815	925	890
Croatia	0	0	0	1,255	655	600
France	0	0	0	575	265	310
Germany	0	0	0	4,745	2,340	2,405
Greece	0	0	0	560	320	235
Hungary	0	0	0	755	370	385
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	975	550	425
Italy	10	0	10	3,050	1,590	1,460
Netherlands	25	20	10	2,200	1,200	1,000
Poland	10	0	10	6,965	3,355	3,610
Portugal	0	0	0	2,335	1,160	1,170
Romania	0	0	0	2,130	1,085	1,045
Russian Federation	0	0	0	1,975	870	1,100
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	0	0	0	810	360	450
Ukraine	0	0	0	3,445	1,520	1,925
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	25	10	15	10,175	5,190	4,980
Other places of birth in Europe	10	10	0	5,520	2,670	2,855
Africa	0	0	0	35,155	18,180	16,970
Algeria	0	0	0	350	185	170
Egypt	0	0	0	1,860	1,045	820
Ethiopia	0	0	0	3,950	2,020	1,935
Kenya	0	0	0	1,840	955	885
Morocco	0	0	0	775	480	295
Nigeria	0	0	0	3,045	1,610	1,430
Somalia	0	0	0	4,570	2,250	2,320
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	1,715	825	890
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	17,050	8,820	8,230
Asia	10	0	0	159,590	76,970	82,620
Afghanistan	0	0	0	1,455	750	705
Bangladesh	0	0	0	1,555	785	775
China^{Census data footnote 59}	0	0	0	19,150	8,790	10,360
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	7,145	3,460	3,685
India	0	0	0	37,035	18,895	18,140
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	2,525	1,350	1,180
Iraq	0	0	0	1,965	1,060	905
Japan	0	0	0	590	160	425
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	4,640	2,175	2,465
Lebanon	0	0	0	4,690	2,530	2,160
Pakistan	10	0	0	7,950	4,085	3,870
Philippines	0	0	0	40,585	17,950	22,635
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	2,000	990	1,015
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	1,985	1,080	895
Taiwan	0	0	0	965	420	545
Viet Nam	0	0	0	10,180	4,775	5,405
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	15,180	7,720	7,460
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	3,685	1,805	1,875
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	20	10	15	71,555	35,070	36,480
Americas	10	0	0	5,095	2,450	2,645
Brazil	0	0	0	210	90	120
Colombia	0	0	0	515	225	295
Cuba	0	0	0	200	95	110
Haiti	0	0	0	170	95	75
Jamaica	0	0	0	630	275	350
Mexico	0	0	0	820	440	390
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	0	0	0	1,205	570	635
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	210	75	135
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	1,135	590	545
Europe	20	10	10	5,825	2,970	2,860
France	0	0	0	90	45	45
Germany	0	0	0	385	215	170
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	370	250	125
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	175	70	95
Romania	0	0	0	345	165	180
Russian Federation	0	0	0	410	155	255
Ukraine	0	0	0	845	385	465
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	0	0	0	1,105	635	475
Other places of birth in Europe	15	10	0	2,090	1,040	1,045
Africa	0	0	0	11,455	5,800	5,660
Algeria	0	0	0	45	10	30
Cameroon	0	0	0	370	175	195
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	515	240	280
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	270	115	150
Egypt	0	0	0	700	380	320
Eritrea	0	0	0	990	520	470
Ethiopia	0	0	0	1,195	625	575
Morocco	0	0	0	240	140	100
Nigeria	0	0	0	1,495	785	710
Somalia	0	0	0	1,380	685	695
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	425	215	210
Tunisia	0	0	0	150	75	75
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	3,680	1,825	1,850
Asia	0	0	0	48,605	23,575	25,035
Afghanistan	0	0	0	215	110	105
Bangladesh	0	0	0	550	265	285
China^{Census data footnote 59}	0	0	0	3,605	1,630	1,970
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	305	110	195
India	0	0	0	13,125	6,815	6,310
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	880	480	405
Iraq	0	0	0	685	345	335
Israel	0	0	0	240	130	110
Japan	0	0	0	185	65	125
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	1,460	735	720
Lebanon	0	0	0	730	370	360
Nepal	0	0	0	1,075	565	510
Pakistan	0	0	0	1,960	980	985
Philippines	0	0	0	18,285	8,390	9,890
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	360	200	160
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	720	340	380
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	1,375	735	640
Taiwan	0	0	0	130	40	85
Turkey	0	0	0	215	135	85
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	295	160	135
Viet Nam	0	0	0	725	285	440
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	1,490	685	805
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	575	285	290
Australia	0	0	0	170	90	85
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	400	195	205
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	2,655	1,320	1,335	913,585	457,210	456,375
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	135	55	80	304,795	150,175	154,620
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	340	160	180	196,420	99,020	97,405
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	2,180	1,105	1,075	412,370	208,015	204,355
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	55	20	35	230,295	112,385	117,910
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	15	10	0	121,945	61,885	60,055
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	0	0	0	49,650	30,900	18,750
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	15	10	10	72,290	30,980	41,305
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	30	0	25	66,270	27,565	38,710
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	10	0	0	40,500	22,105	18,390
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	0	0	0	1,585	835	750
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	2,660	1,320	1,340	913,585	457,210	456,370
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	105	45	60	50,280	23,490	26,785
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	95	40	60	49,000	22,895	26,105
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	50	15	35	22,840	10,425	12,415
Métis	50	25	25	25,440	12,090	13,350
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	715	375	340
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	10	0	0	765	360	400
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	0	0	0	515	235	280
Non-Aboriginal identity	2,555	1,275	1,280	863,305	433,715	429,590
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	2,655	1,315	1,335	913,580	457,210	456,375
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	10	0	0	19,880	8,885	10,990
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	2,650	1,320	1,335	893,705	448,325	445,385
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	2,655	1,320	1,340	913,585	457,210	456,375
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	0	0	10	15,955	7,260	8,695
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	10	0	10	15,135	6,890	8,240
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	10	0	0	10,460	4,735	5,725
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	4,505	2,075	2,430
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	165	75	95
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	0	0	0	820	370	450
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	0	0	0	775	345	425
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	20	15	10
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	20	15	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	10	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	140	75	70	42,130	20,205	21,925
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	140	70	70	39,685	19,165	20,520
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	90	40	50	22,480	10,895	11,585
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	45	30	20	16,610	7,965	8,645
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	595	305	290
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	0	0	0	2,440	1,040	1,405
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	2,315	1,000	1,315
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	65	20	45
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	55	20	40
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	10	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	2,510	1,250	1,260	855,500	429,745	425,755
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	2,660	1,320	1,340	913,585	457,210	456,370
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	15	15	0	339,035	168,615	170,425
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	0	0	0	86,550	44,685	41,860
Chinese	0	0	0	57,715	28,075	29,645
Black	10	0	0	54,285	27,815	26,470
Filipino	0	0	0	53,980	24,555	29,430
Latin American	0	0	0	16,980	8,650	8,335
Arab	0	0	0	23,970	12,785	11,190
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	0	0	0	16,305	7,845	8,460
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	0	0	0	6,390	3,300	3,095
Korean	0	0	0	7,025	3,365	3,660
Japanese	0	0	0	1,940	740	1,195
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	0	0	0	3,655	1,705	1,950
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	0	0	0	10,255	5,115	5,135
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	2,640	1,305	1,335	574,545	288,595	285,950
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	2,660	1,315	1,340	913,585	457,210	456,375
North American Aboriginal origins	150	70	80	58,080	27,465	30,615
First Nations (North American Indian)	100	40	60	36,125	17,010	19,115
Inuit	0	0	0	940	445	490
Métis	50	25	20	24,295	11,420	12,875
Other North American origins	965	505	460	168,865	85,990	82,870
Acadian	10	10	0	1,140	640	500
American	40	10	25	12,540	6,080	6,465
Canadian	940	505	435	159,070	80,990	78,080
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	10	0	0
Newfoundlander	10	0	0	380	235	145
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	65	45	15
Ontarian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Québécois	0	0	0	315	180	135
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	55	20	30
European origins	2,160	1,050	1,110	509,695	254,155	255,540
British Isles origins	1,760	860	895	283,430	142,360	141,070
Channel Islander	0	0	0	45	10	35
Cornish	0	0	0	55	30	25
English	1,000	475	530	153,740	76,265	77,475
Irish	845	415	430	113,795	55,845	57,950
Manx	0	0	0	205	100	100
Scottish	870	410	460	126,100	62,595	63,505
Welsh	40	0	35	15,155	7,350	7,810
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	75	40	35	17,660	8,550	9,115
French origins	230	130	100	85,655	41,405	44,250
Alsatian	0	0	0	60	40	25
Breton	0	0	0	30	20	15
Corsican	0	0	0	70	45	25
French	235	130	105	85,565	41,345	44,215
Western European origins (except French origins)	860	425	435	160,235	79,155	81,080
Austrian	35	20	15	8,775	4,135	4,640
Bavarian	0	0	0	40	15	20
Belgian	15	0	15	3,595	1,720	1,875
Dutch	115	55	55	33,265	16,315	16,950
Flemish	0	0	0	355	195	160
Frisian	0	0	0	90	65	25
German	725	360	365	124,170	61,225	62,945
Luxembourger	0	0	0	110	60	55
Swiss	10	0	0	3,615	1,895	1,720
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	120	45	80
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	30	20	15	54,800	26,210	28,590
Danish	10	0	0	9,140	4,375	4,765
Finnish	0	0	0	3,285	1,560	1,725
Icelandic	0	0	0	3,330	1,735	1,595
Norwegian	10	0	10	25,330	12,145	13,190
Swedish	15	10	10	17,045	7,660	9,385
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	0	0	0	2,695	1,305	1,395
Eastern European origins	150	60	90	161,670	77,950	83,725
Bulgarian	0	0	0	640	340	295
Byelorussian	0	0	0	895	470	420
Czech	0	0	0	3,930	1,930	2,000
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	0	0	0	1,655	805	855
Estonian	0	0	0	480	235	245
Hungarian	10	0	10	9,630	4,610	5,025
Latvian	0	0	0	870	395	470
Lithuanian	10	10	0	1,260	610	655
Moldovan	0	0	0	335	145	190
Polish	50	25	30	46,705	22,385	24,325
Romanian	0	0	0	8,285	4,035	4,250
Russian	35	15	20	18,660	8,895	9,760
Slovak	0	0	0	2,130	1,020	1,105
Ukrainian	45	15	30	98,820	47,525	51,295
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	0	0	0	480	250	235
Southern European origins	90	45	40	58,880	29,385	29,500
Albanian	0	0	0	805	445	365
Bosnian	0	0	0	1,420	700	720
Catalan	0	0	0	35	30	10
Croatian	10	0	0	4,175	2,315	1,860
Cypriot	0	0	0	25	10	10
Greek	10	0	0	3,650	1,905	1,750
Italian	50	30	20	23,890	11,950	11,945
Kosovar	0	0	0	170	90	85
Macedonian	0	0	0	355	185	175
Maltese	0	10	0	280	160	125
Montenegrin	0	0	0	100	65	40
Portuguese	0	0	0	8,650	4,430	4,220
Serbian	0	0	0	2,990	1,455	1,535
Sicilian	0	0	0	80	40	40
Slovenian	20	0	10	940	485	450
Spanish	0	0	10	13,845	6,405	7,440
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	0	0	0	1,125	560	560
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	55	35	25
Other European origins	0	0	0	5,700	3,035	2,670
Basque	0	0	0	85	30	55
Jewish	0	0	0	3,060	1,665	1,395
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	90	40	50
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	185	90	90
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	0	0	0	2,325	1,225	1,100
Caribbean origins	10	10	0	13,200	6,585	6,620
Antiguan	0	0	0	120	55	65
Bahamian	0	0	0	100	70	30
Barbadian	0	0	0	740	350	390
Bermudan	0	0	0	25	15	15
Carib	0	0	0	30	15	10
Cuban	0	0	0	770	405	365
Dominican	0	0	0	315	160	150
Grenadian	0	0	0	325	175	145
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	810	455	360
Jamaican	0	0	0	6,445	3,185	3,260
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	25	0	20
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	15	0	15
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	50	15	30
St. Lucian	0	0	0	210	115	95
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	2,175	1,140	1,035
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	130	45	85
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	0	0	0	960	465	500
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	0	0	0	830	405	425
Latin, Central and South American origins	15	10	10	21,365	10,685	10,675
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	0	0	0	680	300	375
Arawak	0	0	0	15	15	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	280	160	120
Belizean	0	0	0	45	25	15
Bolivian	0	0	0	50	20	30
Brazilian	0	0	0	795	395	405
Chilean	0	0	0	3,525	1,745	1,785
Colombian	0	0	0	3,335	1,660	1,670
Costa Rican	0	0	0	125	65	60
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	240	115	125
Guatemalan	0	0	0	635	335	305
Guyanese	20	10	15	1,420	690	730
Hispanic	0	0	0	650	345	310
Honduran	0	0	0	130	75	50
Maya	0	0	0	220	110	115
Mexican	0	0	0	4,135	2,135	2,000
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	495	265	235
Panamanian	0	0	0	100	50	50
Paraguayan	0	0	0	25	15	10
Peruvian	0	0	0	770	375	400
Salvadorean	0	0	0	3,695	1,855	1,840
Uruguayan	0	0	0	125	80	50
Venezuelan	0	0	0	555	250	300
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	0	0	0	880	460	420
African origins	10	0	10	55,415	28,480	26,935
Central and West African origins	0	0	0	12,255	6,405	5,850
Akan	0	0	0	25	20	10
Angolan	0	0	0	120	75	45
Ashanti	0	0	0	40	20	15
Beninese	0	0	0	40	25	15
Burkinabe	0	0	0	55	30	30
Cameroonian	0	0	0	730	355	375
Chadian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Congolese	0	0	0	2,165	1,125	1,040
Edo	0	0	0	135	85	50
Ewe	0	0	0	55	30	25
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	40	25	10
Ghanaian	0	0	0	2,005	1,045	960
Guinean	0	0	0	260	130	130
Ibo	0	0	0	385	220	170
Ivorian	0	0	0	395	210	185
Liberian	0	0	0	635	305	335
Malian	0	0	0	35	15	20
Malinké	0	0	0	70	45	30
Nigerian	0	0	0	3,350	1,720	1,625
Peulh	0	0	0	60	40	20
Senegalese	0	0	0	250	155	90
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	455	235	225
Togolese	0	0	0	45	20	30
Wolof	0	0	0	25	10	15
Yoruba	0	0	0	810	405	405
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	0	0	0	840	475	370
North African origins	0	0	10	8,720	4,555	4,160
Algerian	0	0	0	445	200	245
Berber	0	0	0	240	155	85
Coptic	0	0	0	55	30	30
Dinka	0	0	0	200	105	100
Egyptian	10	0	10	3,095	1,620	1,475
Libyan	0	0	0	590	300	290
Maure	0	0	0	30	20	15
Moroccan	0	0	0	1,100	600	500
Sudanese	0	0	0	2,710	1,425	1,280
Tunisian	0	0	0	340	160	180
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	210	105	105
Southern and East African origins	0	0	0	26,255	13,560	12,695
Afrikaner	0	0	0	50	30	15
Amhara	0	0	0	185	95	90
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	415	230	185
Burundian	0	0	0	665	365	300
Djiboutian	0	0	0	155	85	70
Eritrean	0	0	0	3,465	1,780	1,690
Ethiopian	0	0	0	5,210	2,605	2,605
Harari	0	0	0	120	60	55
Kenyan	0	0	0	880	470	405
Malagasy	0	0	0	50	30	20
Mauritian	0	0	0	205	105	100
Oromo	0	0	0	550	345	205
Rwandan	0	0	0	1,100	580	520
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	10	0
Somali	0	0	0	9,760	4,980	4,780
South African	0	0	0	1,235	620	610
Tanzanian	0	0	0	450	290	165
Tigrian	0	0	0	255	130	125
Ugandan	0	0	0	625	345	275
Zambian	0	0	0	90	50	40
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	1,245	630	615
Zulu	0	0	0	155	70	80
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	0	0	0	1,390	710	680
Other African origins	10	0	10	9,360	4,615	4,745
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	0	0	10	1,000	500	500
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	0	0	0	8,540	4,205	4,330
Asian origins	20	10	10	267,595	132,065	135,530
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	0	0	10	36,990	19,470	17,520
Afghan	0	0	0	2,415	1,275	1,135
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	0	0	0	4,160	2,265	1,895
Armenian	0	0	0	465	245	220
Assyrian	0	0	0	100	55	50
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	280	145	140
Georgian	0	0	0	90	40	45
Hazara	0	0	0	105	55	50
Iranian	0	0	0	4,165	2,175	1,990
Iraqi	0	0	0	1,915	995	920
Israeli	0	0	0	665	350	320
Jordanian	0	0	0	605	290	315
Kazakh	0	0	0	100	50	50
Kurd	0	0	0	1,060	600	460
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	105	50	60
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	30	20	10
Lebanese	0	0	0	13,700	7,065	6,635
Palestinian	0	0	0	2,690	1,490	1,200
Pashtun	0	0	0	215	100	115
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	185	95	90
Syrian	0	0	0	2,775	1,450	1,325
Tajik	0	0	0	65	45	20
Tatar	0	0	0	120	55	70
Turk	0	0	0	2,505	1,370	1,130
Turkmen	0	0	0	50	15	30
Uighur	0	0	0	100	50	50
Uzbek	0	0	0	170	85	80
Yemeni	0	0	0	250	125	120
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	0	0	0	835	470	370
South Asian origins	10	0	0	86,420	44,510	41,910
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	1,395	695	700
Bengali	0	0	0	580	335	245
Bhutanese	0	0	0	80	45	35
East Indian	10	0	0	67,935	34,850	33,080
Goan	0	0	0	25	10	20
Gujarati	0	0	0	480	250	230
Kashmiri	0	0	0	105	55	45
Nepali	0	0	0	1,775	960	820
Pakistani	0	10	0	8,015	4,160	3,855
Punjabi	0	0	0	5,945	3,160	2,785
Sinhalese	0	0	0	215	115	90
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	2,160	1,090	1,075
Tamil	0	0	0	470	245	225
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	0	0	1,870	970	900
East and Southeast Asian origins	0	0	0	145,480	68,710	76,770
Burmese	0	0	0	410	205	205
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	1,485	760	720
Chinese	0	0	0	67,970	32,820	35,150
Filipino	0	0	0	57,050	26,050	31,000
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	820	385	430
Japanese	10	0	0	2,985	1,255	1,720
Karen	0	0	0	395	225	175
Korean	0	0	0	7,385	3,525	3,855
Laotian	0	0	0	645	335	315
Malaysian	0	0	0	1,325	635	695
Mongolian	0	0	0	325	145	180
Singaporean	0	0	0	120	55	65
Taiwanese	0	0	0	615	270	340
Thai	0	0	0	820	305	510
Tibetan	0	0	0	45	25	20
Vietnamese	0	0	0	13,690	6,590	7,100
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	360	185	170
Other Asian origins	0	0	0	895	485	410
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	0	0	0	895	485	410
Oceania origins	0	10	0	3,635	1,870	1,765
Australian	0	0	0	1,160	625	530
New Zealander	0	0	0	495	275	215
Pacific Islands origins	10	10	0	2,030	990	1,035
Fijian	0	0	0	1,715	830	885
Hawaiian	10	10	0	90	45	45
Maori	0	0	0	125	65	60
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	35	10	25
Samoan	0	0	0	45	25	15
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	25	20	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	1,190	...	...	360,830	...	...
Owner	830	...	...	232,000	...	...
Renter	365	...	...	128,830	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	1,190	...	...	360,830	...	...
Condominium	50	...	...	83,375	...	...
Not condominium	1,140	...	...	277,455	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	1,190	...	...	360,830	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	2,490	...	...
1 bedroom	155	...	...	50,595	...	...
2 bedrooms	350	...	...	86,955	...	...
3 bedrooms	460	...	...	123,340	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	220	...	...	97,450	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	1,190	...	...	360,825	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	265	...	...	118,320	...	...
5 rooms	180	...	...	58,640	...	...
6 rooms	210	...	...	50,525	...	...
7 rooms	175	...	...	41,935	...	...
8 or more rooms	370	...	...	91,410	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	5.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	1,190	...	...	360,825	...	...
One person or fewer per room	1,185	...	...	350,070	...	...
More than 1 person per room	10	...	...	10,760	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	1,195	...	...	360,830	...	...
Suitable	1,160	...	...	337,315	...	...
Not suitable	35	...	...	23,510	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	1,195	...	...	360,830	...	...
1960 or before	580	...	...	54,260	...	...
1961 to 1980	290	...	...	112,725	...	...
1981 to 1990	95	...	...	44,195	...	...
1991 to 2000	115	...	...	37,530	...	...
2001 to 2005	25	...	...	32,755	...	...
2006 to 2010	50	...	...	35,585	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	40	...	...	43,780	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	1,195	...	...	360,825	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	1,080	...	...	340,280	...	...
Major repairs needed	115	...	...	20,550	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	1,195	...	...	360,830	...	...
1 household maintainer	780	...	...	207,895	...	...
2 household maintainers	400	...	...	137,815	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	10	...	...	15,120	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	1,190	...	...	360,830	...	...
15 to 24 years	45	...	...	16,240	...	...
25 to 34 years	130	...	...	75,735	...	...
35 to 44 years	180	...	...	72,120	...	...
45 to 54 years	175	...	...	69,115	...	...
55 to 64 years	175	...	...	64,310	...	...
65 to 74 years	250	...	...	35,865	...	...
75 to 84 years	170	...	...	19,920	...	...
85 years and over	70	...	...	7,520	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	1,195	...	...	359,000	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	940	...	...	272,335	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	255	...	...	86,665	...	...
30% to less than 100%	235	...	...	75,300	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	830	...	...	231,945	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	52.7	...	...	65.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	11.4	...	...	16.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	773	...	...	1,515	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	862	...	...	1,538	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	197,763	...	...	390,262	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	221,322	...	...	424,715	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	365	...	...	128,835	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	20.8	...	...	10.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	42.5	...	...	38.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	714	...	...	1,232	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	747	...	...	1,264	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	2,195	1,085	1,115	749,395	373,375	376,015
No certificate, diploma or degree	725	380	345	115,355	57,730	57,630
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	570	275	295	205,670	102,785	102,890
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	900	430	470	428,360	212,860	215,500
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	240	165	70	63,630	50,090	13,545
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	120	75	50	19,695	11,975	7,725
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	115	90	20	43,930	38,120	5,815
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	470	175	300	134,855	57,270	77,590
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	30	20	10	25,145	10,225	14,915
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	165	70	90	204,730	95,280	109,455
Bachelor's degree	110	50	65	138,325	61,285	77,040
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	15	0	15	11,155	5,095	6,060
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	10	0	0	6,925	3,650	3,275
Master's degree	25	15	10	38,890	19,250	19,645
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	0	0	0	9,435	6,005	3,430
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	1,220	585	630	530,020	266,425	263,590
No certificate, diploma or degree	290	160	135	53,515	28,450	25,065
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	340	170	170	126,285	64,770	61,520
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	585	260	330	350,220	173,210	177,010
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	140	95	45	49,075	39,190	9,890
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	70	45	30	14,455	9,070	5,385
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	70	55	15	34,620	30,115	4,500
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	345	125	220	109,475	47,015	62,460
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15	10	0	19,670	8,100	11,575
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	95	30	60	172,000	78,905	93,090
Bachelor's degree	50	15	40	115,385	50,835	64,545
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	10	0	10	8,895	3,990	4,905
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	5,985	2,975	3,015
Master's degree	25	15	10	34,210	16,520	17,685
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	0	0	0	7,530	4,585	2,945
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	2,200	1,085	1,115	749,395	373,380	376,020
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	1,295	650	645	321,030	160,515	160,515
Education	35	10	30	28,520	7,260	21,260
13. Education	40	10	30	28,515	7,255	21,260
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	60	40	20	13,345	5,965	7,385
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	15	20	0	2,370	1,665	705
50. Visual and performing arts	40	20	20	10,975	4,300	6,680
Humanities	75	45	30	19,635	8,175	11,450
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	0	0	0	2,385	705	1,675
23. English language and literature/letters	10	0	10	4,330	1,425	2,900
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	10	0	6,150	2,305	3,845
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	65	25	40
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	10	0	1,395	840	550
39. Theology and religious vocations	45	30	15	2,390	1,400	985
54. History	10	10	0	2,480	1,375	1,105
55. French language and literature/letters	0	0	0	450	100	350
Social and behavioural sciences and law	60	10	50	41,705	14,650	27,055
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	735	185	550
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	10	0	10	4,105	1,790	2,315
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	20	0	20	6,695	645	6,055
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	7,545	2,835	4,710
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	20	0	10	585	190	395
42. Psychology	0	0	10	8,050	2,265	5,785
45. Social sciences	10	0	10	13,980	6,745	7,240
Business, management and public administration	110	40	75	87,090	34,325	52,760
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	135	30	105
44. Public administration and social service professions	15	10	10	5,160	1,135	4,025
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	95	35	65	81,795	33,160	48,635
Physical and life sciences and technologies	10	10	0	21,120	10,655	10,460
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	8,490	3,755	4,740
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	10	0	0	4,910	2,160	2,755
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	120	25	95
40. Physical sciences	10	0	0	6,255	4,125	2,125
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	1,345	590	750
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	40	25	15	17,520	10,910	6,610
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	20	15	10	13,885	9,345	4,540
25. Library science	0	0	0	1,330	195	1,135
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	10	0	2,180	1,290	890
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	120	80	40
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	170	155	15	104,225	93,125	11,100
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	3,210	2,105	1,110
14. Engineering	10	10	0	28,715	23,405	5,310
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	30	25	10	19,525	17,010	2,515
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	50	50	0	22,650	21,695	960
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	65	65	0	17,160	16,570	590
48. Precision production	15	10	0	12,955	12,340	615
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	25	10	15	6,875	3,840	3,030
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	20	0	20	4,295	2,305	1,990
03. Natural resources and conservation	10	10	0	2,575	1,535	1,045
Health and related fields	200	20	175	68,405	14,385	54,025
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	10	0	0	4,140	1,985	2,150
51. Health professions and related programs	195	20	170	61,900	11,080	50,820
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	0	0	0	2,370	1,320	1,055
Personal, protective and transportation services	125	75	50	19,885	9,540	10,340
12. Personal and culinary services	45	15	35	12,430	3,855	8,575
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	45	40	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	235	215	20
43. Security and protective services	35	20	20	3,775	2,310	1,460
49. Transportation and materials moving	40	40	0	3,400	3,120	280
Other	0	0	0	45	25	20
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	40	25	20
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	1,215	590	635	530,020	266,430	263,595
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	630	330	305	179,800	93,215	86,585
Education	20	10	15	21,225	5,100	16,125
13. Education	20	10	15	21,225	5,105	16,125
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	45	30	15	10,880	4,870	6,005
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	10	10	0	1,860	1,295	560
50. Visual and performing arts	35	15	15	9,015	3,575	5,445
Humanities	60	40	25	16,040	6,520	9,520
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	0	0	0	1,995	575	1,420
23. English language and literature/letters	10	0	10	3,560	1,150	2,410
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10	0	0	5,145	1,880	3,265
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	45	20	25
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	1,160	705	455
39. Theology and religious vocations	35	20	15	1,850	1,080	770
54. History	10	0	0	1,945	1,040	900
55. French language and literature/letters	0	0	0	335	60	270
Social and behavioural sciences and law	40	0	35	35,050	12,030	23,020
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	625	160	470
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	10	0	0	3,595	1,520	2,075
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	20	0	20	5,480	525	4,950
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	6,520	2,220	4,300
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	15	10	0	485	160	320
42. Psychology	0	0	0	6,505	1,765	4,745
45. Social sciences	0	0	0	11,835	5,675	6,165
Business, management and public administration	85	25	55	72,845	28,645	44,200
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	115	20	90
44. Public administration and social service professions	15	0	10	4,345	910	3,440
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	70	25	45	68,380	27,710	40,670
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	16,515	8,075	8,440
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	6,685	2,885	3,800
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	3,680	1,595	2,085
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	120	25	90
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	4,980	3,145	1,835
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	1,045	415	630
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10	10	10	15,555	9,775	5,780
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10	10	0	12,660	8,535	4,125
25. Library science	0	0	0	1,055	175	880
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	1,740	995	745
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	95	65	30
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	95	85	10	85,180	75,560	9,615
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	2,590	1,640	950
14. Engineering	0	0	0	24,660	19,955	4,710
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	15	10	10	16,115	13,995	2,120
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	10	0	0
46. Construction trades	30	25	0	18,100	17,265	840
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	40	40	0	13,370	12,895	480
48. Precision production	10	10	0	10,340	9,820	525
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	10	10	10	5,510	2,930	2,580
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	10	0	10	3,340	1,640	1,700
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	2,170	1,290	880
Health and related fields	135	15	125	55,480	11,890	43,585
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	10	0	0	3,315	1,635	1,690
51. Health professions and related programs	130	10	120	50,110	9,185	40,930
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	0	0	0	2,045	1,080	975
Personal, protective and transportation services	90	55	40	15,910	7,795	8,115
12. Personal and culinary services	30	0	25	9,750	3,115	6,630
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	40	35	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	150	130	15
43. Security and protective services	30	15	20	3,135	1,880	1,255
49. Transportation and materials moving	30	30	0	2,840	2,630	210
Other	0	0	0	35	25	10
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	35	25	10
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	2,200	1,085	1,110	749,395	373,375	376,020
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,295	650	640	321,030	160,515	160,520
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	900	430	470	428,360	212,860	215,505
Location of study inside Canada	830	400	430	324,955	162,355	162,595
Same as province or territory of residence	785	365	420	259,315	128,810	130,505
Different than province or territory of residence	45	35	10	65,640	33,550	32,095
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	70	35	40	103,405	50,505	52,900
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	50	20	30	8,990	5,170	3,825
Philippines	0	0	0	22,250	8,720	13,525
India	0	0	0	17,560	8,905	8,655
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	0	10	0	5,615	3,255	2,365
China^{Census data footnote 162}	0	0	0	5,980	2,780	3,200
France	0	0	0	550	330	220
Other	25	10	15	42,460	21,340	21,115
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	1,220	590	630	530,025	266,425	263,595
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	635	330	305	179,800	93,215	86,585
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	585	260	325	350,220	173,210	177,010
Location of study inside Canada	530	240	300	261,445	130,645	130,800
Same as province or territory of residence	505	210	290	207,805	103,355	104,450
Different than province or territory of residence	30	30	0	53,635	27,285	26,355
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	55	25	35	88,780	42,565	46,210
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	40	15	25	6,820	3,770	3,050
Philippines	0	0	0	20,450	7,940	12,510
India	0	0	0	15,615	7,785	7,835
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	0	0	0	3,910	2,310	1,600
China^{Census data footnote 162}	0	0	0	5,205	2,400	2,805
France	0	0	0	480	290	185
Other	10	0	10	36,295	18,070	18,220
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	2,200	1,085	1,115	749,395	373,375	376,015
In the labour force	1,240	645	600	537,755	286,320	251,435
Employed	1,150	600	555	490,665	258,430	232,235
Unemployed	90	50	45	47,090	27,890	19,195
Not in the labour force	955	440	515	211,635	87,055	124,585
Participation rate	56.4	59.4	53.8	71.8	76.7	66.9
Employment rate	52.3	55.3	49.8	65.5	69.2	61.8
Unemployment rate	7.3	7.8	7.5	8.8	9.7	7.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	2,195	1,085	1,115	749,395	373,380	376,015
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	890	410	485	194,450	78,930	115,520
Worked	1,310	675	630	554,945	294,445	260,495
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	720	435	285	275,070	156,575	118,500
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	585	235	345	279,875	137,875	142,000
Average weeks worked in reference year	44.3	45.0	43.5	42.5	43.1	42.0
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	1,245	645	595	537,755	286,320	251,435
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	30	0	30	10,340	4,755	5,585
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	1,215	645	570	527,415	281,565	245,850
Employee	1,055	550	505	479,505	250,395	229,115
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	160	95	65	47,915	31,175	16,740
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	1,240	645	595	537,760	286,325	251,435
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	30	0	25	10,340	4,755	5,585
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	1,215	645	565	527,415	281,565	245,855
0 Management occupations	90	55	40	50,775	30,960	19,810
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	150	45	110	83,555	24,800	58,755
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	35	30	0	41,425	32,415	9,010
3 Health occupations	90	15	80	41,170	8,850	32,320
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	100	35	60	58,085	20,490	37,590
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	25	15	10	12,865	5,570	7,295
6 Sales and service occupations	285	110	175	122,890	53,330	69,560
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	225	200	20	93,910	87,180	6,725
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	30	30	0	7,380	6,280	1,095
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	175	110	65	15,380	11,685	3,690
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	1,245	645	595	537,755	286,320	251,435
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	30	0	30	10,340	4,755	5,585
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	1,210	650	570	527,415	281,565	245,850
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	10	15	0	1,645	970	675
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	12,710	10,705	2,005
22 Utilities	10	10	0	4,900	3,390	1,505
23 Construction	140	125	15	57,780	49,525	8,250
31-33 Manufacturing	260	180	80	31,945	24,080	7,870
41 Wholesale trade	45	20	25	20,515	14,520	5,990
44-45 Retail trade	155	65	90	60,745	27,950	32,795
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	50	35	15	24,625	19,140	5,480
51 Information and cultural industries	20	10	10	8,600	4,995	3,600
52 Finance and insurance	25	10	15	18,265	6,715	11,550
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	10	0	10	10,475	5,995	4,475
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	15	10	10	38,545	22,340	16,205
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	680	285	390
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	35	20	15	21,155	12,475	8,675
61 Educational services	30	10	25	37,985	13,555	24,425
62 Health care and social assistance	160	15	140	64,850	12,600	52,255
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	25	20	0	9,950	4,965	4,985
72 Accommodation and food services	110	40	70	39,970	17,210	22,760
81 Other services (except public administration)	85	45	35	24,940	11,475	13,460
91 Public administration	35	20	10	37,155	18,665	18,485
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	1,150	600	555	490,665	258,430	232,240
Worked at home	75	35	40	23,160	10,650	12,505
Worked outside Canada	0	10	0	1,285	845	435
No fixed workplace address	125	95	35	69,145	52,655	16,490
Worked at usual place	940	465	480	397,085	194,275	202,805
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	940	465	480	397,080	194,280	202,805
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	385	160	225	343,335	158,730	184,600
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	300	150	150	43,910	28,500	15,410
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	260	150	105	8,240	6,030	2,210
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	1,595	1,015	585
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	1,070	550	520	466,230	246,935	219,290
Car, truck, van - as a driver	835	430	410	342,145	194,400	147,745
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	85	50	35	25,080	9,375	15,705
Public transit	10	0	10	67,990	27,300	40,695
Walked	125	60	65	19,025	8,235	10,790
Bicycle	10	10	0	5,575	3,605	1,970
Other method	10	10	0	6,405	4,020	2,385
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	1,065	555	515	466,225	246,930	219,295
Less than 15 minutes	390	160	230	89,070	40,640	48,430
15 to 29 minutes	360	205	155	197,445	104,950	92,500
30 to 44 minutes	145	85	60	116,625	65,550	51,075
45 to 59 minutes	45	25	20	34,770	18,960	15,815
60 minutes and over	125	75	55	28,310	16,835	11,480
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	1,070	555	515	466,225	246,930	219,295
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	140	75	65	32,505	23,745	8,760
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	210	120	90	89,450	54,910	34,550
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	205	135	70	139,240	71,020	68,220
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	140	60	85	81,710	37,205	44,500
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	155	55	100	50,340	21,835	28,505
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	220	110	105	72,975	38,220	34,755
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	1,325	680	640	571,775	302,245	269,530
Single responses	1,325	685	640	565,005	298,920	266,085
Official languages	1,320	680	640	559,025	295,910	263,115
English	1,325	685	640	557,260	295,220	262,040
French	0	0	0	1,765	690	1,075
Non-official languages	0	0	0	5,980	3,005	2,975
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	5,975	3,005	2,975
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	485	290	195
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	65	25	35
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	10	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	55	20	35
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	425	260	160
Amharic	0	0	0	30	10	20
Arabic	0	0	0	310	215	95
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	20	10	10
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	15	0	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	25	25
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	415	185	230
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	405	180	225
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	310	175	135
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	10
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	15	10	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	290	165	120
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	10
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	20	15	10
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	10	10	10
Tamil	0	0	0	15	0	10
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	2,020	1,055	960
Albanian	0	0	0	10	10	10
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	295	150	145
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	295	150	145
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Polish	0	0	0	115	65	55
Russian	0	0	0	75	25	50
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	15	0	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	65	45	25
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	45	10	30
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	10	0	10
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	10
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	25	15	15
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Swedish	0	0	0	10	0	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	1,245	700	545
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	1,175	650	525
Bengali	0	0	0	10	10	10
Gujarati	0	0	0	60	10	50
Hindi	0	0	0	105	60	45
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	10
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	950	565	385
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	45	15	30
Iranian languages	0	0	0	70	45	20
Kurdish	0	0	0	15	10	10
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	50	35	20
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	420	190	230
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Portuguese	0	0	0	40	25	20
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	375	170	210
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	30	10	20
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	260	120	140
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	90	45	40
American Sign Language	0	0	0	70	30	40
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	20	20	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	2,275	1,075	1,200
Chinese languages	0	0	0	2,260	1,070	1,195
Cantonese	0	0	0	1,470	725	745
Hakka	0	0	0	10	10	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	685	305	385
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	85	30	50
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	15	0	10
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	10	0	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	45	25	20
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	35	15	20
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	10	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	10	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Multiple responses	0	0	0	6,765	3,325	3,445
English and French	0	0	0	1,410	700	710
English and non-official language	0	0	0	5,230	2,570	2,665
French and non-official language	0	0	0	20	10	15
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	105	55	55
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	1,320	685	640	571,775	302,245	269,535
None	1,315	675	640	544,260	288,400	255,855
English	0	0	0	3,730	1,710	2,025
French	10	0	0	6,230	3,070	3,165
Non-official language	0	0	0	17,110	8,845	8,270
Aboriginal	0	0	0	200	65	135
Non-Aboriginal	0	0	0	16,905	8,775	8,130
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	70	30	45
French and non-official language	0	0	0	370	195	180
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	2,620	1,300	1,320	901,050	450,935	450,110
Non-movers	2,310	1,145	1,165	740,360	369,935	370,425
Movers	310	160	155	160,690	81,000	79,690
Non-migrants	70	35	30	116,940	59,445	57,505
Migrants	245	120	120	43,745	21,560	22,180
Internal migrants	245	120	125	28,770	14,570	14,195
Intraprovincial migrants	235	115	120	17,415	8,895	8,520
Interprovincial migrants	10	10	0	11,355	5,675	5,680
External migrants	0	0	0	14,975	6,990	7,990
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	2,475	1,220	1,255	853,655	426,795	426,850
Non-movers	1,515	765	750	437,380	216,630	220,755
Movers	965	455	510	416,270	210,170	206,100
Non-migrants	495	220	275	248,260	125,235	123,030
Migrants	470	235	235	168,005	84,935	83,075
Internal migrants	440	220	220	99,855	50,915	48,945
Intraprovincial migrants	415	205	210	45,235	22,360	22,870
Interprovincial migrants	25	15	10	54,620	28,550	26,075
External migrants	30	20	15	68,150	34,020	34,130

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

Return to footnote 178 referrer

Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 179 referrer

Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 180 referrer

Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 181 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Durham [Population centre], Ontario and Edmonton, CY [Census subdivision], Alberta (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 3, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Durham [Population centre], Ontario and Edmonton, City [Census subdivision], Alberta

Census Profile, 2016 Census Durham [Population centre], Ontario and Edmonton, City [Census subdivision], Alberta

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Durham [Population centre], Ontario and Edmonton, City [Census subdivision], Alberta