Census Profile, 2016 Census
Lake Cowichan [Population centre], British Columbia and Northwest Territories [Territory]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Lake Cowichan British Columbia [Population centre]			Northwest Territories [Territory]
	Data quality , Lake Cowichan [Population centre], British Columbia Map : Lake Cowichan [Population centre], British Columbia Change geography 1			Data quality : Northwest Territories [Territory] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	3,013	...	...	41,786	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	2,848 ^r	...	...	41,462	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	5.8	...	...	0.8	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	1,421	...	...	17,666	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	1,378	...	...	14,981	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	811.6	...	...	0.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	3.71	...	...	1,143,793.86	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	3,015	1,490	1,525	41,785	21,280	20,510
0 to 14 years	420	185	230	8,875	4,475	4,395
0 to 4 years	140	60	80	3,120	1,605	1,515
5 to 9 years	145	60	80	3,015	1,520	1,495
10 to 14 years	130	65	65	2,740	1,350	1,385
15 to 64 years	1,895	950	950	29,690	15,090	14,600
15 to 19 years	165	85	75	2,715	1,405	1,310
20 to 24 years	120	70	55	3,065	1,635	1,430
25 to 29 years	140	70	70	3,465	1,755	1,710
30 to 34 years	130	70	55	3,385	1,670	1,720
35 to 39 years	190	95	90	3,215	1,565	1,650
40 to 44 years	200	95	100	2,825	1,365	1,460
45 to 49 years	185	95	85	2,880	1,485	1,400
50 to 54 years	220	115	105	3,200	1,620	1,575
55 to 59 years	285	125	155	2,825	1,480	1,345
60 to 64 years	275	130	145	2,105	1,110	1,000
65 years and over	700	355	345	3,220	1,715	1,510
65 to 69 years	280	150	130	1,410	785	630
70 to 74 years	175	90	90	820	450	370
75 to 79 years	120	65	60	465	230	235
80 to 84 years	70	35	35	300	155	145
85 years and over	50	20	30	225	95	130
85 to 89 years	30	20	15	150	65	80
90 to 94 years	15	5	15	55	25	35
95 to 99 years	0	0	5	20	5	10
100 years and over	0	5	0	0	0	5
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13.9	12.4	15.1	21.2	21.0	21.4
15 to 64 years	62.9	63.8	62.3	71.1	70.9	71.2
65 years and over	23.2	23.8	22.6	7.7	8.1	7.4
85 years and over	1.7	1.3	2.0	0.5	0.4	0.6
Average age of the population	45.5	45.7	45.4	34.9	35.1	34.8
Median age of the population	49.4	49.1	49.6	34.0	34.0	34.1
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	1,375	...	...	14,980	...	...
Single-detached house	1,120	...	...	8,625	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	450	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	245	...	...	5,400	...	...
Semi-detached house	25	...	...	975	...	...
Row house	60	...	...	1,595	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	15	...	...	385	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	145	...	...	2,375	...	...
Other single-attached house	5	...	...	60	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	15	...	...	505	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	1,380	...	...	14,980	...	...
1 person	425	...	...	3,640	...	...
2 persons	565	...	...	4,305	...	...
3 persons	190	...	...	2,680	...	...
4 persons	140	...	...	2,425	...	...
5 or more persons	60	...	...	1,935	...	...
Number of persons in private households	3,010	...	...	41,135	...	...
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.7	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	2,600	1,305	1,290	32,910	16,800	16,110
Married or living common law	1,520	755	765	17,955	9,010	8,945
Married	1,150	570	580	11,585	5,840	5,735
Living common law	370	185	185	6,375	3,165	3,205
Not married and not living common law	1,080	550	525	14,955	7,790	7,165
Never married	595	370	235	11,840	6,570	5,270
Separated	95	50	40	800	365	435
Divorced	225	95	130	1,315	575	735
Widowed	160	35	125	1,010	280	730
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	920	...	...	11,105	...	...
2 persons	575	...	...	4,835	...	...
3 persons	180	...	...	2,730	...	...
4 persons	120	...	...	2,230	...	...
5 or more persons	40	...	...	1,305	...	...
Average size of census families	2.6	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	915	...	...	11,110	...	...
Total couple families	760	...	...	8,695	...	...
Married couples	570	...	...	5,510	...	...
Common-law couples	185	...	...	3,185	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	160	...	...	2,410	...	...
Female parent	120	...	...	1,790	...	...
Male parent	40	...	...	620	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	755	...	...	8,700	...	...
Couples without children	470	...	...	3,395	...	...
Couples with children	285	...	...	5,300	...	...
1 child	150	...	...	2,105	...	...
2 children	100	...	...	1,990	...	...
3 or more children	35	...	...	1,205	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	160	...	...	2,410	...	...
1 child	105	...	...	1,440	...	...
2 children	30	...	...	625	...	...
3 or more children	25	...	...	345	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	630	330	295	7,125	3,975	3,150
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	1,375	...	...	14,980	...	...
One-census-family households	880	...	...	9,930	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	455	...	...	3,080	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	425	...	...	6,850	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	20	...	...	565	...	...
Non-census-family households	480	...	...	4,480	...	...
One-person households	425	...	...	3,640	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	55	...	...	840	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	3,010	1,495	1,520	41,375	21,055	20,325
English only	2,900	1,435	1,465	36,845	18,945	17,900
French only	0	0	0	60	30	30
English and French	105	55	55	4,275	1,985	2,295
Neither English nor French	0	5	0	195	90	105
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	3,010	1,495	1,520	41,375	21,050	20,325
English	2,975	1,465	1,505	39,875	20,255	19,620
French	35	20	10	1,165	625	540
English and French	0	0	0	150	85	65
Neither English nor French	5	5	0	195	90	100
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	35	20	15	1,240	665	570
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.2	1.3	1.0	3.0	3.2	2.8
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	3,015	1,490	1,520	41,380	21,050	20,330
Single responses	3,000	1,485	1,515	40,565	20,675	19,890
Official languages	2,860	1,420	1,440	32,940	16,920	16,020
English	2,825	1,400	1,430	31,765	16,290	15,470
French	35	20	15	1,175	630	550
Non-official languages	140	65	75	7,625	3,755	3,875
Aboriginal languages	0	5	0	4,635	2,270	2,360
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	145	65	80
Blackfoot	0	0	0	5	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	130	60	70
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	5	0	5
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	5	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	120	55	65
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	15	5	5
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	15	5	5
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	3,875	1,950	1,930
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	3,875	1,945	1,930
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	440	250	190
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	1,600	820	775
Gwich'in	0	0	0	140	60	90
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	1,690	820	870
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	745	365	380
South Slavey	0	0	0	775	375	395
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	175	80	90
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	600	250	350
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	470	210	265
Inuktitut	0	0	0	110	30	80
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	5
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	5	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	5	0	5
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	5	5	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	5	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	5	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Non-Aboriginal languages	135	60	75	2,990	1,480	1,510
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	5	0	215	140	70
Berber languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	50	40	10
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	45	40	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	160	105	60
Amharic	0	0	0	20	10	10
Arabic	5	0	0	120	75	50
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	5	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	5	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	20	15	5
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	165	75	90
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	160	75	85
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	5	0	5	910	380	525
Bikol	0	0	0	5	0	5
Cebuano	5	0	0	60	25	35
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	15	10	10
Ilocano	0	0	0	70	25	45
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	0	5	745	320	430
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	40	25	15
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	5	5	5
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	15	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	60	40	25
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	25	15	5
Tamil	0	0	0	20	10	5
Telugu	0	0	0	15	10	10
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	105	45	55	1,045	540	500
Albanian	0	0	0	10	5	0
Armenian	0	0	0	45	25	25
Balto-Slavic languages	15	10	10	220	120	100
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	5
Slavic languages	15	10	5	220	125	100
Belarusan	0	0	0	5	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	5	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Croatian	0	0	0	15	10	5
Czech	0	0	0	15	5	10
Macedonian	0	0	0	5	5	5
Polish	5	0	0	45	30	20
Russian	0	0	0	40	20	20
Serbian	0	0	0	15	10	5
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	25	10	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	10	5	5
Ukrainian	15	5	5	35	15	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	5	5	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	40	20	20	270	125	145
Afrikaans	0	0	0	20	5	15
Danish	0	0	0	5	5	0
Dutch	15	0	10	55	25	30
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	20	10	10	170	80	90
Icelandic	0	0	0	5	0	5
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	5	5	5	10	5	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	20	10	10
Indo-Iranian languages	20	15	5	285	155	125
Indo-Aryan languages	15	10	10	245	140	110
Bengali	0	0	0	70	40	30
Gujarati	0	0	0	15	10	5
Hindi	0	0	0	40	20	20
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	5	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	20	10	10
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	10	10	50	30	20
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	45	20	25
Iranian languages	0	0	0	35	15	20
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	5	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	30	10	15
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Italic (Romance) languages	25	10	15	190	95	95
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	10	5	5	50	35	15
Portuguese	5	5	0	25	10	15
Romanian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Spanish	10	0	10	105	50	60
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	5	0	60	20	45
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	5	0	5	40	20	20
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	5	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	135	80	60
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	15	10	10
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	5	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	10	10	0
Igbo	0	0	0	5	5	0
Lingala	0	0	0	5	5	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Shona	0	0	0	40	20	15
Swahili	0	0	0	5	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	5	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	25	30
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	5	5	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5	5	5	250	120	130
Chinese languages	5	5	5	250	120	125
Cantonese	5	5	0	110	55	55
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	5
Mandarin	0	0	0	60	30	30
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0	75	40	35
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	10	0	5
Lao	0	0	0	5	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	5	5	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	5	5	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	5	5	30	20	10
Estonian	0	0	0	5	0	0
Finnish	5	0	0	10	5	5
Hungarian	10	5	5	20	15	5
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Multiple responses	10	10	10	815	375	440
English and French	0	0	0	145	65	75
English and non-official language	15	5	5	630	285	345
French and non-official language	5	0	0	35	20	15
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	5	0	5
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	3,010	1,490	1,520	41,380	21,055	20,325
Single responses	2,970	1,470	1,500	40,290	20,550	19,740
Official languages	2,955	1,460	1,495	36,905	18,780	18,125
English	2,950	1,455	1,495	36,270	18,465	17,810
French	5	5	5	635	315	315
Non-official languages	20	10	10	3,385	1,765	1,620
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	2,045	1,080	965
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	20	5	5
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	15	10	5
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	5	5
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	5	5
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	1,950	1,040	915
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	1,950	1,035	915
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	160	85	70
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	1,020	550	470
Gwich'in	0	0	0	20	10	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	745	385	360
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	340	185	160
South Slavey	0	0	0	320	160	160
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	90	45	45
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	70	30	40
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	55	20	30
Inuktitut	0	0	0	10	5	10
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	5	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	5	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	5	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Non-Aboriginal languages	20	10	10	1,340	685	655
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	130	90	40
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	35	30	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	35	35	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	95	60	35
Amharic	0	0	0	10	5	5
Arabic	0	0	0	75	45	25
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	15	5	5
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	105	50	55
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	105	50	55
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	455	215	235
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	20	10	15
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	15	10	5
Ilocano	0	0	0	20	5	10
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	400	190	215
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	15	10	5
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	5	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	30	15	15
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	15	10	5
Tamil	0	0	0	5	5	5
Telugu	0	0	0	10	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	10	5	5	350	170	175
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	25	10	15
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	55	25	30
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	55	25	30
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	5	5	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	5	0	5
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	10	5	5
Russian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Serbian	0	0	0	5	5	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	5	0	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	45	20	20
Afrikaans	0	0	0	10	0	5
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	5	0	5
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	25	15	15
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	5
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	5	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages	5	0	0	170	90	80
Indo-Aryan languages	5	0	0	155	85	70
Bengali	0	0	0	40	25	20
Gujarati	0	0	0	10	5	5
Hindi	0	0	0	15	10	5
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	20	10	10
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	0	5	40	25	15
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	35	20	15
Iranian languages	0	0	0	20	5	10
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	5	0	5	45	25	30
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	5	5	5
Portuguese	0	0	0	5	0	5
Romanian	0	0	0	5	5	0
Spanish	5	0	0	30	15	20
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	50	20	25
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	20	10	10
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	40	20	20
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	5	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	5
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	15	5	10
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	5	5	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	135	70	65
Chinese languages	5	5	5	135	70	65
Cantonese	5	0	5	55	30	25
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	35	15	20
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	0	45	25	20
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	5	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	40	20	20	1,090	500	585
English and French	0	0	0	125	55	70
English and non-official language	40	20	15	930	430	495
French and non-official language	0	0	0	15	5	5
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	25	10	15
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	3,010	1,490	1,520	41,375	21,050	20,325
None	2,910	1,450	1,470	34,235	17,535	16,700
English	5	5	0	2,180	1,145	1,030
French	25	15	10	785	365	425
Non-official language	65	25	40	4,105	1,970	2,135
Aboriginal	10	5	0	2,995	1,440	1,555
Non-Aboriginal	55	20	35	1,110	530	580
English and French	0	0	0	15	5	5
English and non-official language	0	0	5	15	10	10
French and non-official language	0	0	0	45	25	25
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	2,595	1,305	1,290	32,330	16,470	15,855
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	2,515	1,275	1,240	31,290	15,980	15,315
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	26,752	33,298	22,592	50,618	54,924	46,322
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	2,520	1,275	1,240	31,295	15,980	15,310
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	24,832	29,936	21,536	45,254	48,505	41,935
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	2,120	1,085	1,035	28,515	14,760	13,750
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	22,741	28,864	18,000	53,324	58,388	49,104
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	1,995	965	1,030	30,555	15,590	14,965
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	9,305	11,000	8,368	948	943	1,794
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	1,660	880	780	27,150	14,125	13,030
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	24,021	29,280	19,808	53,161	57,762	48,970
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	2,645	1,340	1,310	32,325	16,470	15,855
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	2,560	1,300	1,260	31,265	15,995	15,275
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,442	39,661	27,047	64,586	70,000	58,918
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	2,560	1,300	1,265	31,270	15,995	15,275
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,381	34,139	24,488	53,344	56,951	49,567
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	2,130	1,080	1,050	28,545	14,780	13,770
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,829	37,942	23,510	65,472	71,244	59,277
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	2,065	1,015	1,055	30,535	15,630	14,900
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	9,712	10,414	9,036	4,924	4,259	5,622
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,670	880	790	27,155	14,110	13,040
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,679	36,880	23,777	63,796	69,117	58,040
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	2,645	1,340	1,310	32,325	16,475	15,855
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	620	360	255	13,570	7,190	6,375
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	40,375	43,960	33,005	86,780	91,659	81,218
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	44,706	49,768	37,567	91,177	96,979	84,636
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	77.6	80.8	73.2	92.6	94.2	90.5
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	61.2	64.3	56.2	85.3	86.5	83.9
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	22.3	19.4	26.7	7.4	5.8	9.5
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	2,595	1,300	1,295	32,325	16,470	15,855
Without total income	75	30	50	1,035	495	540
With total income	2,515	1,280	1,240	31,290	15,980	15,310
Percentage with total income	96.9	98.5	95.8	96.8	97.0	96.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	420	180	245	4,455	2,335	2,120
$10,000 to $19,999	515	215	300	3,655	1,750	1,910
$20,000 to $29,999	450	200	250	3,100	1,430	1,670
$30,000 to $39,999	340	160	175	2,290	1,065	1,220
$40,000 to $49,999	230	125	105	2,025	930	1,095
$50,000 to $59,999	160	90	70	1,830	895	935
$60,000 to $69,999	125	80	40	1,730	855	875
$70,000 to $79,999	85	70	20	1,620	750	870
$80,000 to $89,999	65	50	15	1,560	690	870
$90,000 to $99,999	35	30	5	1,495	735	760
$100,000 and over	95	80	20	7,520	4,535	2,980
$100,000 to $149,999	90	70	15	5,685	3,250	2,435
$150,000 and over	5	5	0	1,835	1,290	550
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	2,595	1,305	1,290	32,330	16,470	15,855
Without after-tax income	75	30	50	1,040	490	540
With after-tax income	2,520	1,275	1,245	31,290	15,980	15,310
Percentage with after-tax income	97.1	97.7	96.5	96.8	97.0	96.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	435	180	250	4,495	2,350	2,145
$10,000 to $19,999	545	230	310	3,755	1,805	1,950
$20,000 to $29,999	525	225	305	3,395	1,580	1,815
$30,000 to $39,999	365	190	170	2,710	1,245	1,465
$40,000 to $49,999	210	110	100	2,455	1,195	1,260
$50,000 to $59,999	165	110	50	2,285	1,145	1,140
$60,000 to $69,999	120	95	25	2,130	940	1,195
$70,000 to $79,999	65	55	10	2,090	1,020	1,075
$80,000 and over	90	70	15	7,965	4,700	3,265
$80,000 to $89,999	35	30	5	2,060	1,030	1,035
$90,000 to $99,999	30	20	5	1,930	1,080	850
$100,000 and over	25	20	10	3,970	2,595	1,380
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	2,595	1,300	1,290	32,325	16,470	15,855
Without employment income	935	425	510	5,180	2,350	2,830
With employment income	1,660	880	780	27,155	14,125	13,025
Percentage with employment income	64.0	67.7	60.5	84.0	85.8	82.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	385	200	180	3,295	1,675	1,615
$5,000 to $9,999	140	60	80	1,825	945	880
$10,000 to $19,999	215	85	130	2,625	1,255	1,370
$20,000 to $29,999	215	95	125	1,940	965	975
$30,000 to $39,999	185	75	105	1,765	850	920
$40,000 to $49,999	135	70	60	1,650	795	855
$50,000 to $59,999	90	55	35	1,520	765	755
$60,000 to $69,999	90	65	25	1,480	705	775
$70,000 to $79,999	60	50	5	1,505	685	825
$80,000 and over	140	115	25	9,545	5,495	4,050
$80,000 to $89,999	40	30	10	1,470	655	815
$90,000 to $99,999	35	30	5	1,385	715	670
$100,000 and over	70	60	10	6,685	4,120	2,565
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	1,375	...	...	14,980	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	52,736	...	...	117,688	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	47,787	...	...	99,664	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	425	...	...	3,640	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	28,352	...	...	62,098	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	26,112	...	...	53,862	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	955	...	...	11,340	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	64,896	...	...	141,399	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	59,221	...	...	119,496	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	1,385	...	...	14,980	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	61,717	...	...	134,794	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	54,222	...	...	111,332	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	395	...	...	3,640	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	36,829	...	...	73,309	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	32,187	...	...	60,172	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	995	...	...	11,340	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	71,543	...	...	154,528	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	62,923	...	...	127,752	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	1,375	...	...	14,980	...	...
Under $5,000	15	...	...	145	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	20	...	...	220	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	65	...	...	285	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	65	...	...	405	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	90	...	...	485	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	80	...	...	390	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	85	...	...	335	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	80	...	...	385	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	75	...	...	320	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	65	...	...	295	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	140	...	...	615	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	100	...	...	590	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	100	...	...	580	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	90	...	...	680	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	55	...	...	590	...	...
$100,000 and over	250	...	...	8,660	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	115	...	...	1,635	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	75	...	...	1,525	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	45	...	...	2,260	...	...
$200,000 and over	10	...	...	3,240	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	1,380	...	...	14,980	...	...
Under $5,000	20	...	...	150	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	20	...	...	220	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	60	...	...	290	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	65	...	...	410	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	105	...	...	510	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	100	...	...	390	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	95	...	...	385	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	85	...	...	415	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	80	...	...	370	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	85	...	...	345	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	140	...	...	760	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	125	...	...	725	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	110	...	...	855	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	80	...	...	855	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	50	...	...	830	...	...
$100,000 and over	155	...	...	7,465	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	100	...	...	1,970	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	35	...	...	1,540	...	...
$150,000 and over	15	...	...	3,955	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	915	...	...	10,770	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	65,152	...	...	138,515	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	59,456	...	...	117,120	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	445	...	...	2,990	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	59,904	...	...	140,928	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	54,208	...	...	118,323	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	290	...	...	5,330	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	86,477	...	...	166,071	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	78,080	...	...	139,235	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.7	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	150	...	...	2,015	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	41,728	...	...	71,680	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	38,656	...	...	64,939	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	920	...	...	10,750	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	71,427	...	...	151,967	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	62,804	...	...	125,470	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	485	...	...	2,960	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	64,921	...	...	156,606	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	57,489	...	...	126,428	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	255	...	...	5,325	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	91,553	...	...	175,858	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	79,513	...	...	145,333	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	140	...	...	2,005	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	51,974	...	...	83,886	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	45,888	...	...	72,465	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	560	300	260	5,695	3,240	2,460
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	24,747	26,432	24,405	55,744	53,959	57,808
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	23,851	24,704	23,616	48,923	47,588	50,611
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	595	330	265	5,695	3,325	2,375
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	33,724	37,330	29,326	67,699	66,575	69,271
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	29,551	31,830	26,771	56,001	54,960	57,458
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	3,010	1,495	1,525	41,135	20,905	20,230
In the bottom half of the distribution	1,995	955	1,035	13,210	6,735	6,475
In the bottom decile	430	220	205	3,475	1,785	1,695
In the second decile	425	190	230	2,810	1,420	1,385
In the third decile	445	200	240	2,275	1,175	1,095
In the fourth decile	385	190	195	2,225	1,145	1,085
In the fifth decile	310	150	160	2,430	1,210	1,220
In the top half of the distribution	1,020	530	485	27,925	14,170	13,755
In the sixth decile	270	140	135	2,355	1,205	1,155
In the seventh decile	260	130	135	3,090	1,550	1,540
In the eighth decile	245	135	115	3,990	2,000	1,990
In the ninth decile	160	95	65	6,545	3,270	3,280
In the top decile	75	45	40	11,940	6,145	5,790
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	3,005	1,485	1,515	0	0	0
0 to 17 years	525	245	275	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	165	75	95	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	1,780	890	895	0	0	0
65 years and over	700	355	345	0	0	0
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	620	305	320	0	0	0
0 to 17 years	135	70	65	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	50	25	20	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	360	165	195	0	0	0
65 years and over	120	65	55	0	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	20.6	20.5	21.1	...	...	...
0 to 17 years (%)	25.7	28.6	23.6	...	...	...
0 to 5 years (%)	30.3	33.3	21.1	...	...	...
18 to 64 years (%)	20.2	18.5	21.8	...	...	...
65 years and over (%)	17.1	18.3	15.9	...	...	...
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	295	160	130	0	0	0
0 to 17 years	60	30	30	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	20	5	10	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	215	120	95	0	0	0
65 years and over	15	10	5	0	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	9.8	10.8	8.6	...	...	...
0 to 17 years (%)	11.4	12.2	10.9	...	...	...
0 to 5 years (%)	12.1	6.7	10.5	...	...	...
18 to 64 years (%)	12.1	13.5	10.6	...	...	...
65 years and over (%)	2.1	2.8	1.4	...	...	...
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	3,040	1,530	1,510	41,135	20,905	20,230
Official languages	3,040	1,530	1,510	40,865	20,780	20,085
English	3,040	1,530	1,510	40,815	20,765	20,055
French	110	55	55	4,265	1,910	2,350
Non-official languages	205	75	135	10,750	5,305	5,445
Aboriginal languages	35	20	15	6,535	3,235	3,295
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	250	125	115
Blackfoot	0	0	0	10	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	210	110	95
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	10	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	210	110	95
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	30	10	20
Algonquin	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	30	15	20
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5,405	2,720	2,690
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5,400	2,720	2,685
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	630	340	285
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	2,285	1,175	1,110
Gwich'in	0	0	0	250	115	135
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	2,365	1,130	1,230
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	970	455	510
South Slavey	0	0	0	1,140	550	585
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	475	230	240
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	10
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	900	400	500
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	740	340	400
Inuktitut	0	0	0	135	50	85
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	15
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	10	0	10
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	10	10	0
Salish languages	25	15	15	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0	0	10
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	170	50	115	4,245	2,090	2,160
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	285	180	105
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	30	25	15
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	30	20	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	245	150	95
Amharic	0	0	0	25	10	15
Arabic	0	0	0	195	125	65
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	10	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	15	10	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	215	100	120
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	215	95	120
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	10	0	10	1,120	490	630
Bikol	0	0	0	10	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	55	20	35
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	10	10	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	120	45	75
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	10	1,075	470	605
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	10	0	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	95	45	50
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	10	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	60	25	30
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	65	40	20
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	45	30	15
Tamil	0	0	0	0	10	0
Telugu	0	0	0	15	10	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	140	45	95	1,760	920	845
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Balto-Slavic languages	15	0	15	245	140	110
Baltic languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Slavic languages	15	10	10	245	135	105
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Croatian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Czech	0	0	0	15	15	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Polish	0	0	0	55	35	20
Russian	10	0	0	70	35	30
Serbian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	35	15	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ukrainian	15	10	10	25	15	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	10	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	10	10	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	70	15	60	475	245	230
Afrikaans	0	0	0	15	0	10
Danish	0	0	0	10	10	0
Dutch	15	0	15	60	35	25
Frisian	0	0	0	0	10	0
German	40	15	25	390	200	195
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	10	0	15	15	0	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	10	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	10	10	470	260	205
Indo-Aryan languages	10	10	10	415	240	175
Bengali	0	0	0	140	75	65
Gujarati	0	0	0	15	20	0
Hindi	10	10	0	130	75	55
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	20	10	10
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	105	60	45
Sindhi	0	0	0	10	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Urdu	0	0	0	120	70	55
Iranian languages	10	0	0	55	20	30
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	10	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	55	20	30
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	35	15	20	625	300	320
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	95	55	35
Portuguese	10	0	0	55	35	20
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Spanish	30	15	15	505	230	270
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	125	30	95
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Korean	0	0	0	100	45	50
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	225	130	95
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	30	15	15
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	10	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	30	30	0
Igbo	0	0	0	15	15	10
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	65	30	30
Swahili	0	0	0	10	10	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	15	10	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	25	35
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	15	0	0	40	20	20
American Sign Language	0	0	10	30	15	15
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	15	10	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	240	95	145
Chinese languages	0	0	0	235	95	140
Cantonese	0	0	0	100	45	55
Hakka	0	0	0	10	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	80	35	45
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	15	0	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	60	20	40
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Lao	0	0	0	10	10	0
Thai	0	0	0	10	10	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	15	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	10	0	10
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	10	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	0	0	30	20	10
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	10	10	0
Hungarian	0	10	10	20	10	10
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	3,040	1,525	1,510	41,135	20,905	20,230
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	3,005	1,520	1,490	39,585	20,145	19,435
Canadian citizens aged under 18	475	245	225	10,235	5,130	5,105
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	2,540	1,275	1,260	29,345	15,020	14,335
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	35	10	20	1,555	755	790
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	3,040	1,530	1,510	41,135	20,905	20,230
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	2,825	1,435	1,390	37,140	18,865	18,275
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	210	95	115	3,690	1,875	1,815
Before 1981	145	75	70	705	390	315
1981 to 1990	15	10	0	410	205	205
1991 to 2000	15	0	15	620	355	265
2001 to 2010	30	10	20	1,135	530	610
2001 to 2005	30	0	25	510	260	255
2006 to 2010	10	10	0	625	270	355
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	10	0	10	815	400	420
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	0	0	10	310	170	145
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	210	95	115	3,690	1,875	1,815
Under 5 years	20	10	15	370	195	175
5 to 14 years	50	30	20	660	385	275
15 to 24 years	65	15	50	730	385	345
25 to 44 years	65	40	25	1,600	740	860
45 years and over	10	10	10	335	175	160
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	210	95	115	3,685	1,875	1,815
Americas	15	0	0	450	205	245
Brazil	0	0	0	10	10	10
Colombia	0	0	0	15	10	10
El Salvador	0	0	0	25	10	10
Guyana	0	0	0	10	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	10	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	80	35	45
Mexico	0	0	0	20	10	15
Peru	0	0	0	10	10	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	10	10	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	0	0	0	220	110	110
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	60	25	30
Europe	180	85	95	770	455	315
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	15	15	0
France	0	0	0	35	30	10
Germany	15	10	10	130	75	55
Greece	0	0	0	10	10	0
Hungary	0	0	0	10	10	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	15	15	0
Italy	0	0	0	40	35	10
Netherlands	20	0	15	35	25	10
Poland	0	0	0	20	15	0
Portugal	0	0	0	0	10	0
Romania	0	0	0	10	0	0
Russian Federation	10	0	0	15	10	10
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	115	55	60	320	155	165
Other places of birth in Europe	10	0	10	100	55	45
Africa	10	0	0	480	280	205
Algeria	0	0	0	10	10	10
Egypt	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	30	20	15
Kenya	0	0	0	10	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	25	15	15
Nigeria	0	0	0	35	25	10
Somalia	0	0	0	25	20	0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	10	40	20	20
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	305	170	130
Asia	10	0	0	1,955	920	1,035
Afghanistan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	95	55	45
China^{Census data footnote 59}	0	0	0	105	55	55
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	35	20	15
India	0	0	0	185	120	60
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	35	15	20
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	65	15	55
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	75	35	35
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	70	35	35
Philippines	0	0	10	955	420	535
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	10	10	10
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	10	0	10
Viet Nam	0	0	0	175	75	95
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	120	50	70
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	10	10	0	40	20	20
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	0	0	0	820	395	420
Americas	0	0	0	70	25	45
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	40	15	25
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	0	0	0	15	10	10
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	10	0	10
Europe	10	0	0	70	45	25
France	0	0	0	10	10	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	10	0	10	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	0	0	0	40	20	20
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	15	10	10
Africa	0	0	0	120	65	50
Algeria	0	0	0	10	10	10
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	10	0	10
Morocco	0	0	0	10	0	10
Nigeria	0	0	0	15	15	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	80	45	30
Asia	0	0	0	560	260	295
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	10	0	10
China^{Census data footnote 59}	0	0	0	10	10	10
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	50	30	15
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	10	0	10
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	15	10	0
Japan	0	0	0	30	0	25
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	30	15	15
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	10	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	330	160	170
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	10	10	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	10	0	10
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	10	0	10
Viet Nam	0	0	0	40	15	25
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	10	10	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	0	0	10
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	3,040	1,530	1,515	41,135	20,905	20,230
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	245	120	130	4,100	2,085	2,015
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	480	225	255	3,890	1,935	1,955
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	2,315	1,190	1,125	33,145	16,885	16,260
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	65	25	40	3,030	1,505	1,525
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	35	0	30	1,620	810	810
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	15	0	10	790	430	365
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	20	0	20	830	380	450
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	30	15	15	1,005	460	545
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	0	0	0	375	220	150
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	0	0	0	30	15	15
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	3,040	1,530	1,510	41,135	20,905	20,230
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	300	180	125	20,860	10,350	10,510
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	295	170	125	20,650	10,245	10,400
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	170	85	80	13,180	6,590	6,590
Métis	125	85	40	3,385	1,720	1,670
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	4,075	1,935	2,140
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	0	0	0	155	75	80
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	0	0	0	55	30	25
Non-Aboriginal identity	2,740	1,350	1,385	20,275	10,555	9,720
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	3,040	1,530	1,510	41,135	20,905	20,230
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	115	55	55	13,365	6,645	6,720
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	2,920	1,470	1,455	27,770	14,255	13,510
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	3,040	1,530	1,510	41,135	20,905	20,230
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	85	50	40	15,190	7,575	7,615
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	90	50	40	14,160	7,055	7,095
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	70	45	30	10,280	5,145	5,140
Métis single ancestry	10	0	10	915	490	425
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	2,955	1,425	1,535
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	0	0	0	1,035	520	510
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	0	0	0	490	245	245
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	505	250	250
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	20	15	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	15	10	10
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	255	125	130	5,525	2,610	2,920
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	250	115	130	4,745	2,275	2,470
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	135	65	75	3,110	1,540	1,575
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	105	55	55	930	410	525
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	710	330	380
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	10	10	0	780	335	445
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	480	195	285
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	230	100	130
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	35	15	20
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	35	25	15
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	2,695	1,360	1,340	20,420	10,720	9,700
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	3,040	1,530	1,510	41,135	20,905	20,230
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	100	40	60	3,960	1,950	2,005
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	60	35	25	615	360	250
Chinese	10	0	0	300	150	150
Black	0	0	0	760	435	325
Filipino	15	0	20	1,300	570	725
Latin American	10	0	10	135	55	80
Arab	0	0	0	100	60	45
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	0	0	0	255	115	145
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	0	0	0	50	25	30
Korean	0	0	0	100	50	55
Japanese	0	0	0	150	45	105
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	0	0	0	95	40	50
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	10	0	10	90	45	40
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	2,940	1,485	1,445	37,180	18,955	18,225
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	3,040	1,530	1,510	41,135	20,905	20,230
North American Aboriginal origins	345	170	170	20,720	10,185	10,530
First Nations (North American Indian)	220	120	105	15,155	7,505	7,645
Inuit	0	0	0	4,515	2,170	2,340
Métis	125	65	65	2,915	1,395	1,525
Other North American origins	915	490	420	8,220	4,195	4,020
Acadian	0	0	0	250	125	120
American	50	40	10	495	285	210
Canadian	880	460	415	7,655	3,865	3,785
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	70	35	30
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	20	0	15
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Québécois	0	0	0	35	10	20
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	2,485	1,210	1,275	18,115	9,335	8,780
British Isles origins	1,835	900	930	12,815	6,630	6,185
Channel Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0	0	0
English	1,185	555	630	6,560	3,315	3,245
Irish	565	275	290	5,060	2,580	2,480
Manx	0	0	0	15	10	0
Scottish	880	355	520	6,090	3,175	2,915
Welsh	85	40	45	555	260	295
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	85	45	45	765	410	350
French origins	530	250	280	4,230	2,085	2,150
Alsatian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	530	245	280	4,230	2,075	2,150
Western European origins (except French origins)	630	315	315	4,480	2,240	2,240
Austrian	55	15	35	185	100	80
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	20	0	10	145	50	95
Dutch	170	100	70	1,015	540	480
Flemish	10	0	10	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	395	200	195	3,410	1,670	1,745
Luxembourger	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss	10	0	0	140	75	65
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	335	140	195	1,720	900	820
Danish	45	20	30	350	150	195
Finnish	45	10	30	75	40	40
Icelandic	20	10	15	200	105	90
Norwegian	120	50	70	710	400	310
Swedish	170	75	100	370	175	200
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	10	0	0	125	80	50
Eastern European origins	425	195	230	2,865	1,435	1,430
Bulgarian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	10	10	0	10
Czech	25	10	15	90	65	25
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	0	0	0	30	20	15
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	35	10	25	260	150	110
Latvian	0	0	0	50	35	15
Lithuanian	0	0	0	30	15	15
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	125	60	60	860	400	465
Romanian	0	0	10	115	55	60
Russian	65	10	55	510	260	255
Slovak	10	0	15	65	35	30
Ukrainian	200	115	90	1,290	590	700
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	0	0	0	10	0	10
Southern European origins	175	115	60	1,215	630	580
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	30	25	0
Cypriot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	10	0	0	50	35	15
Italian	105	65	35	500	275	225
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	45	15	30
Maltese	0	0	0	15	10	10
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	30	10	20	205	105	100
Serbian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	20	15	10
Spanish	35	25	10	315	135	180
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	10	10	0	30	20	15
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	10	10	0
Other European origins	35	10	25	255	135	115
Basque	10	0	0	0	0	0
Jewish	10	0	10	95	50	50
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	10	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	20	10	15	140	80	60
Caribbean origins	10	0	10	215	105	110
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bermudan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	10	40	15	25
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	10	0	120	60	60
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	30	10	15
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	0	0	0	10	10	10
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	10	0	0	205	90	110
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Brazilian	10	0	10	15	10	0
Chilean	0	0	0	15	10	10
Colombian	0	0	0	25	0	20
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	10	10	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hispanic	0	0	0	10	10	10
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maya	0	0	0	10	10	0
Mexican	0	0	0	50	25	30
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	10	0	10
Panamanian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	25	10	20
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	15	10	10
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	0	0	0	20	10	10
African origins	10	0	10	780	455	330
Central and West African origins	0	0	0	110	70	40
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	30	20	10
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	30	25	10
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	50	35	15
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	15	10	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	0	0	0	10	0	10
North African origins	0	0	0	175	105	65
Algerian	0	0	0	35	15	15
Berber	0	0	0	10	0	10
Coptic	0	0	0	0	10	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	30	15	10
Sudanese	0	0	0	95	60	30
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	10	0	10	275	160	115
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	10
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	30	25	10
Ethiopian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	10	10	10
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	70	40	30
South African	10	0	10	25	15	10
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	30	30	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	70	35	35
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	0	0	0	10	0	0
Other African origins	10	0	10	240	120	125
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	0	0	0	50	30	20
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	10	0	0	205	90	110
Asian origins	150	75	75	3,125	1,500	1,625
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	15	10	0	215	105	105
Afghan	0	0	0	10	10	10
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	0	0	0	45	30	15
Armenian	0	0	0	25	15	15
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	10
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	60	20	35
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	10	0
Israeli	10	10	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	0	0	0	20	10	10
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Syrian	0	0	0	25	10	15
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	0	0	0	15	10	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	10	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins	75	35	40	615	355	260
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	70	35	30
Bengali	0	0	0	50	30	15
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	55	30	25	355	220	135
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	20	10	10
Pakistani	20	0	15	85	45	40
Punjabi	0	0	0	15	10	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	25	20	10
Tamil	0	0	0	10	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	0	0	15	0	10
East and Southeast Asian origins	65	35	30	2,315	1,050	1,265
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese	15	0	0	375	175	200
Filipino	45	15	25	1,415	620	790
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Japanese	10	0	0	200	85	120
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	105	45	55
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	10	10	0	10	0	10
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	20	10	15
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	10
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	245	120	120
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	0	0	0	15	10	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	0	0	0	15	10	0
Oceania origins	0	0	0	85	35	50
Australian	0	10	0	35	15	25
New Zealander	0	0	0	45	20	20
Pacific Islands origins	0	0	0	10	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	10	0	10
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	1,385	...	...	14,985	...	...
Owner	1,040	...	...	8,045	...	...
Renter	345	...	...	6,915	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	1,390	...	...	14,980	...	...
Condominium	140	...	...	1,315	...	...
Not condominium	1,255	...	...	13,670	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	1,390	...	...	14,980	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	145	...	...
1 bedroom	130	...	...	2,200	...	...
2 bedrooms	305	...	...	3,585	...	...
3 bedrooms	535	...	...	5,950	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	425	...	...	3,090	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	1,390	...	...	14,985	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	230	...	...	5,350	...	...
5 rooms	245	...	...	3,235	...	...
6 rooms	245	...	...	2,480	...	...
7 rooms	195	...	...	1,600	...	...
8 or more rooms	480	...	...	2,310	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.7	...	...	5.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	1,385	...	...	14,980	...	...
One person or fewer per room	1,385	...	...	14,215	...	...
More than 1 person per room	10	...	...	770	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	1,390	...	...	14,980	...	...
Suitable	1,345	...	...	13,410	...	...
Not suitable	40	...	...	1,575	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	1,390	...	...	14,980	...	...
1960 or before	510	...	...	560	...	...
1961 to 1980	335	...	...	4,805	...	...
1981 to 1990	105	...	...	3,430	...	...
1991 to 2000	275	...	...	2,950	...	...
2001 to 2005	75	...	...	1,355	...	...
2006 to 2010	55	...	...	945	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	35	...	...	935	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	1,390	...	...	14,980	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	1,230	...	...	12,275	...	...
Major repairs needed	160	...	...	2,710	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	1,390	...	...	14,980	...	...
1 household maintainer	880	...	...	8,750	...	...
2 household maintainers	460	...	...	5,630	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	45	...	...	595	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	1,390	...	...	14,980	...	...
15 to 24 years	30	...	...	500	...	...
25 to 34 years	130	...	...	2,900	...	...
35 to 44 years	150	...	...	3,025	...	...
45 to 54 years	255	...	...	3,450	...	...
55 to 64 years	325	...	...	3,055	...	...
65 to 74 years	290	...	...	1,445	...	...
75 to 84 years	160	...	...	475	...	...
85 years and over	55	...	...	130	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	1,390	...	...	14,865	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	1,005	...	...	13,020	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	380	...	...	1,845	...	...
30% to less than 100%	355	...	...	1,605	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,040	...	...	7,975	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	59.1	...	...	61.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	19.7	...	...	9.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	835	...	...	1,581	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	967	...	...	1,739	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	250,829	...	...	321,099	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	300,594	...	...	346,427	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	345	...	...	6,900	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	11.6	...	...	41.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	50.7	...	...	16.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	900	...	...	1,298	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	883	...	...	1,190	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	2,645	1,335	1,310	32,325	16,475	15,855
No certificate, diploma or degree	560	280	280	8,860	4,745	4,115
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	945	465	480	6,915	3,510	3,405
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,145	590	550	16,550	8,215	8,330
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	320	260	55	3,170	2,475	690
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	130	105	30	1,565	1,090	475
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	190	160	30	1,600	1,385	220
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	505	190	315	6,115	2,730	3,380
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	100	40	60	805	325	485
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	215	100	120	6,470	2,690	3,775
Bachelor's degree	140	60	75	4,485	1,865	2,615
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	10	10	0	320	110	205
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	10	0	0	130	60	70
Master's degree	60	20	35	1,440	600	840
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	0	0	0	95	60	40
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	1,630	830	795	23,610	11,885	11,725
No certificate, diploma or degree	265	145	120	4,845	2,650	2,195
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	620	335	285	4,570	2,320	2,250
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	745	350	395	14,190	6,915	7,285
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	190	155	35	2,615	2,040	570
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	80	65	15	1,315	925	395
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	115	95	20	1,300	1,120	180
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	365	120	245	5,135	2,250	2,890
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	60	15	40	650	260	385
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	125	55	70	5,795	2,360	3,435
Bachelor's degree	80	40	40	4,000	1,640	2,360
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	10	0	0	275	95	180
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	10	115	50	65
Master's degree	30	10	25	1,320	535	785
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	0	0	0	80	45	40
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	2,645	1,335	1,310	32,325	16,470	15,855
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	1,505	745	755	15,775	8,255	7,520
Education	90	20	65	1,525	400	1,125
13. Education	85	20	70	1,525	405	1,125
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	20	10	10	405	220	185
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	10	10	0	95	80	10
50. Visual and performing arts	15	0	10	315	145	170
Humanities	70	35	35	655	260	395
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	0	0	0	105	25	80
23. English language and literature/letters	20	10	15	110	30	80
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	20	15	10	215	80	140
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10	0	10	50	35	20
39. Theology and religious vocations	10	10	10	85	50	40
54. History	10	0	0	80	50	30
55. French language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	90	20	65	1,615	590	1,025
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	65	15	60
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	15	0	10	210	70	135
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	10	0	10	305	50	255
22. Legal professions and studies	15	0	20	230	105	115
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	0	0	0	25	0	20
42. Psychology	30	15	20	205	30	175
45. Social sciences	15	0	10	585	315	270
Business, management and public administration	185	45	140	3,420	1,005	2,410
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	10	10	10	420	85	335
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	170	40	130	2,995	920	2,075
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	655	325	330
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	305	135	165
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	160	65	95
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	10	10	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	160	110	50
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	25	15	15
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	30	25	0	400	235	165
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	25	25	0	320	220	100
25. Library science	0	0	0	45	0	40
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	35	10	25
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	350	335	20	3,535	3,165	370
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	10	120	65	55
14. Engineering	30	30	0	455	365	90
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	55	50	0	735	635	100
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	10	0	10
46. Construction trades	95	95	0	975	920	55
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	130	130	0	1,025	970	60
48. Precision production	30	30	0	215	210	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	40	25	20	625	375	255
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	20	15	10	65	20	45
03. Natural resources and conservation	20	10	10	565	350	210
Health and related fields	200	30	170	2,120	485	1,635
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	10	0	10	210	110	100
51. Health professions and related programs	195	30	165	1,885	365	1,520
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	0	0	0	30	20	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	80	45	35	1,590	1,160	435
12. Personal and culinary services	55	20	30	485	170	310
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	10	10	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	25	20	0
43. Security and protective services	10	10	0	250	195	55
49. Transportation and materials moving	15	15	0	820	765	60
Other	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	1,630	835	800	23,610	11,885	11,725
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	885	485	400	9,415	4,975	4,445
Education	50	0	45	1,325	350	975
13. Education	50	10	45	1,325	350	975
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	15	10	10	335	180	160
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	80	65	10
50. Visual and performing arts	15	10	10	260	110	145
Humanities	25	20	0	530	205	320
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	0	0	0	80	20	60
23. English language and literature/letters	10	10	10	95	25	65
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10	10	0	180	55	120
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	40	30	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	10	50	25	30
54. History	0	0	0	75	50	30
55. French language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	75	20	55	1,405	525	880
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	60	10	50
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	10	10	0	175	70	105
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	10	0	10	260	45	215
22. Legal professions and studies	15	0	20	205	95	105
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	0	0	0	20	0	15
42. Psychology	25	15	15	170	25	150
45. Social sciences	10	0	0	520	280	235
Business, management and public administration	145	30	115	3,045	880	2,170
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	10	10	10	365	65	295
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	130	25	105	2,680	810	1,875
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	575	285	290
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	265	120	150
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	130	55	80
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	10	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	150	100	55
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	20	10	15
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	15	15	0	375	215	160
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	15	15	0	300	200	100
25. Library science	0	0	0	40	0	45
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	35	10	20
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	205	190	20	2,930	2,605	330
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	85	35	45
14. Engineering	15	10	0	400	310	90
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	45	40	10	640	550	95
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	10	0	0
46. Construction trades	65	60	10	820	770	45
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	65	65	0	830	790	40
48. Precision production	20	20	0	155	155	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	20	10	10	560	330	230
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	10	10	0	50	15	35
03. Natural resources and conservation	15	10	10	510	315	195
Health and related fields	145	20	125	1,830	420	1,410
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	10	0	10	175	90	85
51. Health professions and related programs	135	25	110	1,630	315	1,315
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	0	0	0	25	15	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	50	30	15	1,285	920	360
12. Personal and culinary services	30	15	20	420	160	255
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	10	10	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	20	20	0
43. Security and protective services	10	0	0	215	160	55
49. Transportation and materials moving	10	10	0	615	575	45
Other	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	2,650	1,340	1,310	32,325	16,475	15,855
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,500	745	755	15,775	8,255	7,525
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	1,145	590	555	16,555	8,220	8,335
Location of study inside Canada	1,095	560	530	14,785	7,445	7,345
Same as province or territory of residence	800	400	400	4,155	2,040	2,115
Different than province or territory of residence	290	160	130	10,630	5,400	5,225
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	50	25	20	1,765	775	990
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	10	0	10	310	125	185
Philippines	0	0	10	515	180	340
India	0	0	0	105	70	30
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	20	20	0	175	95	85
China^{Census data footnote 162}	0	0	0	20	15	10
France	0	0	0	25	20	10
Other	15	10	10	610	270	340
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	1,630	835	800	23,610	11,885	11,725
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	890	485	400	9,415	4,970	4,440
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	745	350	395	14,195	6,910	7,280
Location of study inside Canada	710	330	380	12,650	6,245	6,410
Same as province or territory of residence	560	265	300	3,525	1,680	1,850
Different than province or territory of residence	150	65	85	9,125	4,570	4,560
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	35	15	15	1,540	665	875
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	0	0	0	265	105	160
Philippines	10	0	10	460	155	305
India	0	0	0	100	65	30
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	10	10	0	120	70	50
China^{Census data footnote 162}	0	0	0	20	15	10
France	0	0	0	15	10	0
Other	15	10	0	555	240	315
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	2,645	1,340	1,310	32,330	16,475	15,855
In the labour force	1,475	775	700	23,945	12,640	11,305
Employed	1,295	700	600	21,415	11,075	10,345
Unemployed	175	70	105	2,535	1,570	960
Not in the labour force	1,175	565	610	8,380	3,835	4,545
Participation rate	55.8	57.8	53.4	74.1	76.7	71.3
Employment rate	49.0	52.2	45.8	66.2	67.2	65.2
Unemployment rate	11.9	9.0	15.0	10.6	12.4	8.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	2,645	1,335	1,310	32,330	16,475	15,855
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	1,170	535	635	7,415	3,400	4,020
Worked	1,480	800	680	24,910	13,075	11,835
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	650	375	265	13,780	7,325	6,450
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	830	420	410	11,135	5,745	5,385
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.8	41.0	42.8	41.6	41.4	41.9
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	1,470	775	700	23,945	12,640	11,305
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	75	20	60	695	390	300
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	1,395	755	640	23,250	12,245	11,005
Employee	1,215	650	560	21,895	11,385	10,510
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	180	105	75	1,355	865	500
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	1,470	770	700	23,945	12,640	11,305
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	80	15	60	695	395	300
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	1,390	755	640	23,255	12,245	11,010
0 Management occupations	100	65	35	2,830	1,685	1,145
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	160	20	140	3,895	1,000	2,895
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	65	40	15	1,550	1,145	405
3 Health occupations	60	15	45	1,205	200	1,005
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	130	30	95	4,045	1,500	2,545
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	25	0	25	605	255	350
6 Sales and service occupations	425	165	255	4,325	1,995	2,330
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	290	285	10	3,785	3,560	225
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	85	65	15	670	610	60
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	60	60	0	330	285	45
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	1,470	770	700	23,945	12,640	11,305
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	75	15	60	695	395	300
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	1,395	755	640	23,255	12,245	11,005
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	85	75	15	190	170	25
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	10	10	10	1,440	1,145	295
22 Utilities	10	10	0	300	235	60
23 Construction	180	160	20	1,745	1,505	245
31-33 Manufacturing	105	100	10	240	175	65
41 Wholesale trade	30	35	0	290	235	55
44-45 Retail trade	210	80	130	2,260	1,180	1,075
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	25	15	10	1,460	1,105	355
51 Information and cultural industries	10	10	0	465	235	240
52 Finance and insurance	25	0	15	345	110	230
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	25	15	10	415	220	190
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	95	45	45	930	470	460
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	15	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	80	35	40	710	410	295
61 Educational services	65	15	50	1,805	525	1,285
62 Health care and social assistance	130	20	115	2,175	390	1,785
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	35	15	20	350	195	155
72 Accommodation and food services	135	50	85	1,230	520	710
81 Other services (except public administration)	65	25	35	870	420	455
91 Public administration	90	50	35	6,010	2,990	3,020
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	1,295	700	595	21,415	11,070	10,345
Worked at home	110	50	55	780	375	400
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	10	0	0
No fixed workplace address	300	235	65	1,975	1,590	385
Worked at usual place	885	415	470	18,650	9,095	9,560
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	890	415	475	18,655	9,095	9,560
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	295	110	190	17,200	8,175	9,025
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	460	220	240	755	505	250
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	125	75	50	550	335	220
Commute to a different province or territory	10	10	0	150	85	65
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	1,190	645	540	20,630	10,690	9,940
Car, truck, van - as a driver	970	550	425	11,820	6,310	5,505
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	95	60	35	2,000	850	1,155
Public transit	10	0	10	255	140	115
Walked	70	15	55	4,910	2,165	2,745
Bicycle	10	0	0	340	240	95
Other method	30	15	15	1,305	980	325
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	1,190	645	540	20,630	10,685	9,940
Less than 15 minutes	350	145	200	15,205	7,700	7,505
15 to 29 minutes	265	165	105	3,805	1,955	1,855
30 to 44 minutes	310	145	165	640	310	330
45 to 59 minutes	80	55	25	180	130	50
60 minutes and over	180	140	45	795	595	195
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	1,190	650	545	20,630	10,685	9,945
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	135	95	40	650	495	160
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	215	140	75	1,945	1,320	625
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	260	150	110	5,725	3,230	2,490
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	215	70	135	8,035	3,485	4,550
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	140	55	90	2,030	975	1,055
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	220	125	95	2,240	1,185	1,060
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	1,550	850	705	25,565	13,355	12,205
Single responses	1,555	850	700	25,360	13,265	12,100
Official languages	1,555	850	705	24,990	13,075	11,915
English	1,555	850	705	24,790	13,005	11,780
French	0	0	0	200	70	135
Non-official languages	0	0	0	370	185	180
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	330	155	170
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	315	150	165
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	315	150	165
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	25	10	10
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	160	80	80
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	125	60	60
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	95	45	50
South Slavey	0	0	0	20	10	10
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	40	30	10
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	10	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0	10	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	20	10	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	20	10	10
Cantonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	10	0	10
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	10	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	0	0	0	205	95	110
English and French	0	0	0	65	40	25
English and non-official language	0	0	0	135	55	75
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	1,550	850	700	25,565	13,355	12,210
None	1,545	850	695	23,255	12,340	10,915
English	0	0	0	445	205	250
French	0	0	0	630	280	350
Non-official language	15	0	10	1,220	525	695
Aboriginal	0	0	0	1,050	460	595
Non-Aboriginal	10	0	10	170	70	100
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	10	10	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	3,015	1,515	1,500	40,525	20,610	19,915
Non-movers	2,520	1,240	1,280	34,010	17,345	16,665
Movers	500	275	220	6,520	3,265	3,250
Non-migrants	175	105	75	3,700	1,830	1,870
Migrants	315	170	145	2,820	1,435	1,380
Internal migrants	305	170	135	2,565	1,325	1,240
Intraprovincial migrants	270	155	120	700	330	375
Interprovincial migrants	35	15	20	1,865	1,000	870
External migrants	15	0	15	250	115	140
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	2,890	1,460	1,425	38,035	19,310	18,720
Non-movers	1,775	855	925	21,380	10,970	10,410
Movers	1,115	610	510	16,650	8,340	8,310
Non-migrants	320	200	120	9,000	4,570	4,430
Migrants	795	410	385	7,655	3,770	3,880
Internal migrants	785	410	375	6,755	3,355	3,400
Intraprovincial migrants	665	345	310	1,745	835	915
Interprovincial migrants	125	60	65	5,010	2,530	2,490
External migrants	10	0	10	895	415	480

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Lake Cowichan [Population centre], British Columbia and Northwest Territories [Territory] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 28, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Lake Cowichan [Population centre], British Columbia and Northwest Territories [Territory]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Lake Cowichan [Population centre], British Columbia and Northwest Territories [Territory]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Lake Cowichan [Population centre], British Columbia and Northwest Territories [Territory]