Census Profile, 2016 Census
Montréal [Population centre], Quebec and Yukon [Territory]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Montréal Quebec [Population centre]			Yukon [Territory]
	Data quality , Montréal [Population centre], Quebec Map : Montréal [Population centre], Quebec Change geography 1			Data quality : Yukon [Territory] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	3,519,595	...	...	35,874	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	3,387,653 ^r	...	...	33,897	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	3.9	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	1,580,731	...	...	17,987	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	1,493,381	...	...	15,215	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	2,719.9	...	...	0.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	1,293.99	...	...	474,712.68	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	3,519,590	1,713,590	1,806,000	35,875	18,075	17,795
0 to 14 years	585,840	299,205	286,635	6,280	3,355	2,920
0 to 4 years	196,790	100,715	96,075	2,135	1,155	985
5 to 9 years	204,905	104,675	100,230	2,120	1,130	995
10 to 14 years	184,145	93,815	90,330	2,020	1,075	945
15 to 64 years	2,354,450	1,165,705	1,188,750	25,340	12,500	12,835
15 to 19 years	192,170	97,570	94,595	1,935	1,000	930
20 to 24 years	237,215	118,825	118,385	1,965	1,035	930
25 to 29 years	238,190	117,865	120,320	2,550	1,245	1,310
30 to 34 years	243,475	118,610	124,865	2,890	1,395	1,495
35 to 39 years	255,405	125,335	130,070	2,590	1,235	1,355
40 to 44 years	238,965	118,885	120,085	2,540	1,170	1,370
45 to 49 years	238,225	119,210	119,010	2,465	1,210	1,245
50 to 54 years	257,720	129,160	128,565	2,880	1,390	1,495
55 to 59 years	246,300	121,155	125,140	2,995	1,505	1,490
60 to 64 years	206,790	99,080	107,710	2,530	1,315	1,220
65 years and over	579,305	248,685	330,620	4,260	2,220	2,040
65 to 69 years	178,130	82,885	95,245	1,845	980	870
70 to 74 years	138,680	62,735	75,945	1,090	605	485
75 to 79 years	102,540	44,265	58,270	645	350	295
80 to 84 years	78,850	32,370	46,480	375	160	215
85 years and over	81,105	26,425	54,680	300	125	175
85 to 89 years	51,695	18,625	33,070	195	90	105
90 to 94 years	22,830	6,465	16,365	80	30	50
95 to 99 years	5,690	1,215	4,480	20	5	20
100 years and over	890	125	765	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.6	17.5	15.9	17.5	18.6	16.4
15 to 64 years	66.9	68.0	65.8	70.6	69.2	72.1
65 years and over	16.5	14.5	18.3	11.9	12.3	11.5
85 years and over	2.3	1.5	3.0	0.8	0.7	1.0
Average age of the population	40.6	39.4	41.7	39.1	38.8	39.4
Median age of the population	40.2	39.2	41.1	39.5	39.0	39.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	1,493,380	...	...	15,215	...	...
Single-detached house	418,120	...	...	9,430	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	149,890	...	...	50	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	923,225	...	...	4,550	...	...
Semi-detached house	75,200	...	...	1,160	...	...
Row house	52,900	...	...	950	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	131,860	...	...	605	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	658,300	...	...	1,770	...	...
Other single-attached house	4,965	...	...	65	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	2,150	...	...	1,185	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	1,493,385	...	...	15,215	...	...
1 person	508,245	...	...	4,900	...	...
2 persons	467,480	...	...	5,180	...	...
3 persons	220,090	...	...	2,255	...	...
4 persons	196,450	...	...	1,860	...	...
5 or more persons	101,120	...	...	1,025	...	...
Number of persons in private households	3,441,575	...	...	35,110	...	...
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	2,933,755	1,414,385	1,519,370	29,595	14,725	14,870
Married or living common law	1,559,025	781,930	777,095	16,445	8,210	8,235
Married	1,070,195	535,640	534,560	11,345	5,680	5,670
Living common law	488,825	246,285	242,540	5,095	2,530	2,570
Not married and not living common law	1,374,730	632,455	742,270	13,150	6,515	6,635
Never married	950,390	500,795	449,590	9,150	4,905	4,245
Separated	52,445	21,910	30,540	845	370	470
Divorced	214,545	78,405	136,140	2,105	975	1,130
Widowed	157,355	31,345	126,005	1,060	265	795
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	934,075	...	...	9,845	...	...
2 persons	454,390	...	...	5,330	...	...
3 persons	208,935	...	...	2,060	...	...
4 persons	190,725	...	...	1,745	...	...
5 or more persons	80,020	...	...	710	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	934,070	...	...	9,845	...	...
Total couple families	757,285	...	...	7,970	...	...
Married couples	513,195	...	...	5,425	...	...
Common-law couples	244,095	...	...	2,545	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	176,785	...	...	1,875	...	...
Female parent	139,100	...	...	1,390	...	...
Male parent	37,685	...	...	480	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	757,290	...	...	7,970	...	...
Couples without children	344,810	...	...	4,130	...	...
Couples with children	412,485	...	...	3,840	...	...
1 child	158,240	...	...	1,575	...	...
2 children	177,995	...	...	1,600	...	...
3 or more children	76,250	...	...	660	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	176,780	...	...	1,875	...	...
1 child	109,585	...	...	1,195	...	...
2 children	50,700	...	...	485	...	...
3 or more children	16,500	...	...	195	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	716,190	343,140	373,050	7,505	3,895	3,610
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	1,493,380	...	...	15,215	...	...
One-census-family households	902,120	...	...	9,345	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	333,155	...	...	3,915	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	568,960	...	...	5,430	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	15,690	...	...	245	...	...
Non-census-family households	575,575	...	...	5,620	...	...
One-person households	508,245	...	...	4,900	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	67,325	...	...	720	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	3,479,655	1,697,540	1,782,120	35,555	17,895	17,660
English only	274,085	137,190	136,900	30,430	15,530	14,895
French only	1,165,990	519,805	646,185	85	40	45
English and French	1,977,310	1,016,000	961,315	4,900	2,260	2,640
Neither English nor French	62,270	24,540	37,720	140	65	75
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	3,479,655	1,697,540	1,782,115	35,555	17,895	17,660
English	721,875	360,670	361,200	33,720	16,960	16,760
French	2,458,705	1,189,905	1,268,800	1,575	815	755
English and French	238,595	123,280	115,315	125	55	70
Neither English nor French	60,480	23,680	36,800	140	65	75
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	841,175	422,315	418,855	1,635	845	790
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	24.2	24.9	23.5	4.6	4.7	4.5
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	3,479,655	1,697,540	1,782,115	35,560	17,900	17,660
Single responses	3,341,910	1,628,755	1,713,155	34,885	17,555	17,330
Official languages	2,453,405	1,197,530	1,255,875	30,675	15,585	15,095
English	408,250	204,510	203,745	29,105	14,775	14,335
French	2,045,155	993,025	1,052,130	1,570	810	755
Non-official languages	888,505	431,225	457,280	4,210	1,970	2,235
Aboriginal languages	690	240	450	675	295	380
Algonquian languages	350	135	215	25	5	20
Blackfoot	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	300	110	190	20	5	20
Atikamekw	25	5	20	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	60	20	35	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	15	10	10	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	50	20	30	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	5	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	10	5	5	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	135	50	85	20	5	20
Eastern Algonquian languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	20	5	15	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	30	15	15	5	5	0
Algonquin	25	20	10	5	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	5	5	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	10	5	5	560	250	305
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	5	5	545	245	300
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	10	0	5
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	5	80	40	45
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	5	0	5	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	5	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	5	0	0	5	0	5
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	170	85	85
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	165	85	85
Tahltan	0	0	0	5	5	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	285	115	165
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	210	90	125
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	70	30	35
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	15	5	5
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	255	65	185	20	10	15
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	5	10	5	5
Inuktitut	220	55	165	5	5	5
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	35	10	20	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	40	20	20	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	35	20	20	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	5	5	0	5	0	5
Comox	0	0	5	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	5	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	65	25	40
Tsimshian languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	30	15	10	10	5	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	887,815	430,985	456,830	3,530	1,675	1,860
Afro-Asiatic languages	174,390	91,400	82,985	50	25	25
Berber languages	18,570	9,825	8,745	0	0	0
Kabyle	11,125	5,880	5,250	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	7,445	3,950	3,495	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	755	365	395	10	5	5
Bilen	10	5	5	0	0	0
Oromo	5	5	0	0	0	0
Somali	720	335	385	5	5	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	15	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages	154,820	81,080	73,740	40	25	20
Amharic	655	305	350	5	0	0
Arabic	149,820	78,525	71,295	35	20	15
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	125	65	60	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	15	5	5	0	0	0
Harari	5	5	5	0	0	0
Hebrew	3,775	1,965	1,805	5	0	0
Maltese	10	5	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	340	160	180	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	80	45	35	5	0	5
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	240	130	110	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	32,865	15,440	17,430	50	30	25
Khmer (Cambodian)	7,700	3,585	4,115	0	0	0
Vietnamese	25,155	11,850	13,305	50	25	25
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	10	5	5	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	19,930	7,245	12,690	990	415	575
Bikol	110	35	70	0	0	0
Cebuano	740	250	490	80	35	45
Fijian	0	0	5	10	5	5
Hiligaynon	400	130	270	40	15	25
Ilocano	2,030	735	1,290	35	15	20
Malagasy	795	370	420	0	0	0
Malay	585	235	350	15	5	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	200	90	105	5	5	0
Pangasinan	90	40	50	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	14,670	5,225	9,445	805	335	465
Waray-Waray	40	5	35	5	5	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	275	115	155	10	0	5
Creole languages	53,320	23,475	29,855	25	10	15
Haitian Creole	1,935	915	1,020	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	50,505	22,120	28,390	15	5	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	880	440	440	15	0	10
Dravidian languages	14,635	7,305	7,330	55	30	25
Kannada	235	125	105	0	0	0
Malayalam	405	215	190	25	10	15
Tamil	13,430	6,620	6,815	25	10	10
Telugu	550	335	215	5	5	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	25	10	10	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	478,390	232,280	246,110	1,715	885	825
Albanian	2,350	1,195	1,155	5	0	5
Armenian	16,085	7,790	8,290	0	0	5
Balto-Slavic languages	55,670	25,050	30,620	295	150	150
Baltic languages	690	255	435	5	5	0
Latvian	230	85	145	0	5	0
Lithuanian	460	170	290	0	0	0
Slavic languages	54,975	24,795	30,185	290	145	145
Belarusan	65	35	25	0	0	0
Bosnian	435	210	225	5	0	5
Bulgarian	6,200	2,995	3,210	5	0	0
Croatian	1,775	885	895	5	5	5
Czech	1,115	510	600	55	30	25
Macedonian	165	80	80	0	0	0
Polish	11,570	5,000	6,575	65	35	30
Russian	25,105	11,205	13,900	75	35	45
Serbian	1,850	910	940	5	5	0
Serbo-Croatian	630	295	330	5	5	5
Slovak	850	365	485	5	0	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	655	295	360	15	5	10
Ukrainian	4,435	1,945	2,495	50	25	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	125	65	65	0	0	0
Celtic languages	100	60	35	10	5	5
Scottish Gaelic	15	10	5	0	5	0
Welsh	25	15	10	5	0	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	60	40	15	5	0	0
Germanic languages	20,175	9,690	10,490	945	495	445
Afrikaans	85	40	45	10	5	5
Danish	260	125	135	20	10	5
Dutch	1,615	805	810	115	50	60
Frisian	10	5	5	0	5	0
German	8,340	3,760	4,580	765	415	355
Icelandic	60	25	30	5	5	0
Norwegian	135	70	70	10	5	5
Swedish	420	190	230	15	10	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	245	100	145	5	0	0
Yiddish	8,915	4,525	4,390	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	100	55	40	0	0	0
Greek	37,170	18,515	18,655	10	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages	70,115	36,155	33,960	215	115	100
Indo-Aryan languages	43,355	22,590	20,765	190	100	95
Bengali	10,655	5,445	5,220	25	5	15
Gujarati	5,990	2,935	3,050	20	20	5
Hindi	2,870	1,550	1,315	35	20	15
Kashmiri	20	15	5	0	0	0
Konkani	100	60	50	0	0	0
Marathi	235	135	95	0	0	0
Nepali	250	125	120	0	0	5
Oriya (Odia)	35	20	15	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	12,100	6,560	5,535	85	40	45
Sindhi	305	150	160	0	5	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	600	295	310	5	0	5
Urdu	10,205	5,310	4,900	20	10	10
Iranian languages	26,430	13,385	13,050	25	20	10
Kurdish	770	415	350	0	0	0
Pashto	1,190	625	560	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	24,475	12,340	12,135	25	20	5
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	330	185	145	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	276,730	133,825	142,900	225	105	120
Catalan	250	125	125	5	0	5
Italian	98,925	48,320	50,605	25	15	10
Portuguese	29,810	14,325	15,485	15	5	5
Romanian	32,040	15,340	16,705	10	10	5
Spanish	115,615	55,670	59,945	170	75	95
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	95	55	40	0	0	0
Japanese	2,020	625	1,395	95	40	55
Kartvelian languages	160	75	80	0	0	0
Georgian	160	75	85	0	0	0
Korean	4,805	2,130	2,675	45	10	30
Mongolic languages	180	75	110	0	0	5
Mongolian	180	75	110	5	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	18,485	9,355	9,130	25	15	10
Akan (Twi)	985	490	500	0	0	0
Bamanankan	935	515	420	0	0	0
Edo	60	35	25	0	0	0
Ewe	475	265	210	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	1,565	805	755	0	0	0
Ga	75	40	35	0	0	0
Ganda	15	10	10	0	0	0
Igbo	90	50	40	0	0	0
Lingala	1,915	890	1,020	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	1,575	740	835	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	1,350	605	745	5	0	0
Shona	70	35	35	0	0	0
Swahili	1,230	590	640	0	0	0
Wolof	2,380	1,270	1,105	0	0	0
Yoruba	200	125	75	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5,565	2,900	2,670	10	5	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	165	95	70	0	0	0
Dinka	5	5	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	165	90	70	0	0	0
Sign languages	700	365	335	20	10	5
American Sign Language	40	25	15	10	5	5
Quebec Sign Language	370	180	185	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	285	160	125	5	5	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	70,805	32,970	37,840	350	150	195
Chinese languages	70,590	32,860	37,730	350	155	195
Cantonese	23,245	10,950	12,290	225	100	120
Hakka	455	200	250	0	0	5
Mandarin	39,605	18,310	21,295	95	40	60
Min Dong	25	10	15	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	3,085	1,425	1,660	15	10	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	1,015	445	570	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	3,085	1,480	1,605	15	5	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	80	40	40	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	220	115	105	0	0	0
Burmese	55	25	30	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	95	55	45	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	70	40	30	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	3,950	1,795	2,155	30	5	25
Lao	3,440	1,665	1,775	5	5	5
Thai	505	130	375	25	5	25
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	5	0	5	0	0	0
Turkic languages	7,160	3,650	3,510	0	5	0
Azerbaijani	260	145	115	0	0	0
Turkish	6,460	3,300	3,165	0	0	0
Uyghur	145	75	75	0	0	0
Uzbek	120	60	60	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	165	70	95	0	0	0
Uralic languages	5,365	2,445	2,925	75	40	35
Estonian	165	65	100	0	0	0
Finnish	260	80	180	25	15	10
Hungarian	4,940	2,295	2,645	45	30	20
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	480	260	215	5	0	0
Multiple responses	137,745	68,785	68,965	675	345	330
English and French	41,765	21,230	20,540	220	115	100
English and non-official language	24,820	12,190	12,630	420	210	215
French and non-official language	55,325	27,215	28,115	15	10	10
English, French and non-official language	15,830	8,155	7,680	15	10	10
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	3,479,655	1,697,540	1,782,115	35,560	17,900	17,660
Single responses	3,221,100	1,571,355	1,649,745	34,730	17,510	17,220
Official languages	2,735,685	1,338,620	1,397,065	33,135	16,735	16,400
English	579,550	288,690	290,865	32,270	16,315	15,960
French	2,156,130	1,049,930	1,106,200	860	420	435
Non-official languages	485,420	232,735	252,680	1,600	775	825
Aboriginal languages	255	110	145	75	45	35
Algonquian languages	145	65	80	0	5	5
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	140	65	75	0	0	5
Atikamekw	5	0	5	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	20	5	15	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	10	5	5	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	30	15	15	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	5	0	5	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	70	30	35	5	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	5	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Algonquin	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	65	35	35
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	5	65	35	35
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	15	10	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	20	10	10
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	30	15	15
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	25	15	10
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	5	0	5
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	75	25	50	0	5	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	65	25	45	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	5	0	0
Iroquoian languages	15	10	5	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	15	5	5	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	5	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	5	5
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	485,165	232,625	252,535	1,520	730	785
Afro-Asiatic languages	81,700	41,455	40,250	30	15	15
Berber languages	6,725	3,490	3,235	0	0	0
Kabyle	4,540	2,360	2,180	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	2,185	1,130	1,055	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	360	155	205	5	5	5
Bilen	5	0	5	0	0	0
Oromo	0	5	0	0	0	0
Somali	350	150	200	0	5	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	74,550	37,780	36,770	20	10	10
Amharic	310	145	170	5	0	0
Arabic	72,245	36,615	35,625	20	10	10
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	90	50	45	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5	0	5	0	0	0
Harari	5	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	1,670	860	810	5	0	5
Maltese	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	185	85	100	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	70	30	35	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	23,190	10,830	12,360	25	15	15
Khmer (Cambodian)	4,590	2,095	2,495	0	0	0
Vietnamese	18,595	8,735	9,860	30	15	15
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	9,375	3,760	5,610	555	255	305
Bikol	15	10	10	0	0	0
Cebuano	215	100	120	35	20	15
Fijian	0	0	0	5	0	5
Hiligaynon	125	55	75	20	5	10
Ilocano	745	305	435	15	5	10
Malagasy	250	130	115	0	0	0
Malay	160	80	80	5	5	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	60	30	30	0	0	0
Pangasinan	15	5	10	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	7,730	3,030	4,700	475	215	260
Waray-Waray	10	5	5	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	55	20	30	0	0	0
Creole languages	19,735	8,350	11,380	5	0	0
Haitian Creole	770	345	430	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	18,550	7,820	10,735	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	410	190	225	0	0	5
Dravidian languages	11,290	5,535	5,755	35	20	15
Kannada	145	80	65	0	0	0
Malayalam	185	90	95	15	10	10
Tamil	10,635	5,170	5,465	15	10	5
Telugu	315	190	130	0	5	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	15	10	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	265,385	127,145	138,235	540	280	260
Albanian	1,390	680	710	0	0	0
Armenian	11,810	5,590	6,220	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	33,675	15,800	17,870	85	40	45
Baltic languages	165	70	95	0	0	0
Latvian	60	30	30	0	0	0
Lithuanian	100	40	60	0	0	0
Slavic languages	33,510	15,730	17,775	85	40	40
Belarusan	20	10	10	0	0	0
Bosnian	250	120	130	0	0	0
Bulgarian	4,605	2,235	2,370	0	0	0
Croatian	750	355	395	5	0	0
Czech	360	170	190	15	5	5
Macedonian	100	50	50	0	0	0
Polish	5,170	2,325	2,850	20	15	10
Russian	18,420	8,700	9,725	30	15	15
Serbian	1,050	520	530	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	260	125	140	5	0	0
Slovak	200	100	105	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	215	90	125	5	0	0
Ukrainian	2,065	925	1,140	0	0	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages	20	15	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	5	0	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	8,515	4,315	4,200	245	125	115
Afrikaans	10	5	5	10	5	5
Danish	35	15	20	0	0	0
Dutch	225	100	120	10	0	5
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	1,460	655	810	225	115	105
Icelandic	30	10	20	0	0	0
Norwegian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Swedish	80	40	40	5	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	5	15	0	0	0
Yiddish	6,625	3,465	3,165	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0	0	0
Greek	18,125	8,650	9,475	5	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages	49,340	24,765	24,580	100	55	45
Indo-Aryan languages	29,755	15,095	14,665	90	45	40
Bengali	7,980	3,960	4,020	15	5	10
Gujarati	3,805	1,840	1,960	15	10	0
Hindi	1,465	750	710	15	10	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	30	15	15	0	0	0
Marathi	75	40	35	0	0	0
Nepali	165	80	90	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	10	10	5	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	8,710	4,620	4,090	45	20	25
Sindhi	130	60	70	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	340	175	165	0	0	0
Urdu	7,035	3,545	3,495	10	5	5
Iranian languages	19,440	9,585	9,850	15	10	5
Kurdish	390	205	185	0	0	0
Pashto	875	435	440	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	18,180	8,945	9,225	15	15	5
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	140	80	60	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	142,515	67,330	75,190	110	50	60
Catalan	90	40	50	0	0	0
Italian	32,010	14,140	17,860	5	0	0
Portuguese	14,240	6,780	7,465	0	0	0
Romanian	22,300	10,895	11,410	5	5	5
Spanish	73,850	35,455	38,395	100	45	50
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0	0	0
Japanese	865	355	510	50	25	25
Kartvelian languages	70	35	35	0	0	0
Georgian	75	40	35	0	0	0
Korean	3,365	1,545	1,820	25	10	10
Mongolic languages	145	65	70	0	0	0
Mongolian	140	65	75	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	4,435	2,120	2,315	5	0	0
Akan (Twi)	435	210	230	0	0	0
Bamanankan	215	115	95	0	0	0
Edo	10	5	5	0	0	0
Ewe	95	40	55	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	430	205	225	0	0	0
Ga	15	5	10	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	10	5	5	0	0	0
Lingala	470	190	275	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	445	205	240	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	325	135	190	0	0	0
Shona	20	10	10	5	0	0
Swahili	360	180	180	0	0	0
Wolof	745	395	345	0	0	0
Yoruba	45	20	25	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	815	395	420	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	55	30	25	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	0	0	0
Sign languages	925	525	400	15	10	5
American Sign Language	60	30	35	10	5	5
Quebec Sign Language	400	200	195	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	465	295	170	5	0	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	56,025	26,715	29,310	220	100	120
Chinese languages	55,905	26,655	29,255	215	95	120
Cantonese	17,235	8,145	9,080	155	70	90
Hakka	155	75	80	0	0	0
Mandarin	33,840	16,240	17,600	55	25	30
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,765	805	965	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	755	345	410	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	2,120	1,020	1,100	5	5	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	40	15	20	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	120	60	60	0	0	0
Burmese	20	10	10	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	65	35	25	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	30	15	20	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	2,020	980	1,045	10	0	5
Lao	1,855	905	945	5	0	0
Thai	170	70	100	10	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	4,645	2,305	2,340	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	90	45	50	0	0	0
Turkish	4,310	2,140	2,170	0	0	0
Uyghur	100	55	45	0	0	0
Uzbek	95	45	45	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	55	25	30	0	0	0
Uralic languages	1,820	795	1,020	10	5	5
Estonian	25	10	15	0	0	0
Finnish	40	15	25	0	0	0
Hungarian	1,750	775	980	10	5	5
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	105	60	40	5	0	0
Multiple responses	258,550	126,180	132,370	830	385	445
English and French	55,395	28,110	27,280	120	60	60
English and non-official language	50,005	24,120	25,890	680	315	370
French and non-official language	115,640	55,130	60,500	5	0	5
English, French and non-official language	37,520	18,820	18,705	15	10	10
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	3,479,655	1,697,540	1,782,115	35,555	17,895	17,660
None	2,624,250	1,274,015	1,350,235	31,490	15,990	15,500
English	279,380	141,520	137,860	1,250	590	660
French	233,550	115,230	118,320	890	425	470
Non-official language	265,980	128,905	137,075	1,830	845	985
Aboriginal	330	125	205	585	275	315
Non-Aboriginal	265,645	128,780	136,870	1,245	575	675
English and French	32,275	16,240	16,040	20	10	10
English and non-official language	22,075	10,825	11,250	35	15	20
French and non-official language	20,875	10,160	10,715	45	25	25
English, French and non-official language	1,270	650	625	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	2,856,570	1,385,430	1,471,135	28,895	14,325	14,565
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	2,742,430	1,331,835	1,410,600	27,975	13,845	14,135
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,535	36,504	29,148	45,804	48,685	43,192
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	2,742,935	1,331,915	1,411,025	27,975	13,840	14,130
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,319	32,185	26,759	41,235	43,240	39,353
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	2,422,145	1,200,630	1,221,515	26,300	13,005	13,295
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,531	35,538	26,010	43,961	47,135	40,806
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	2,120,085	959,120	1,160,965	17,670	8,205	9,465
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	5,667	3,540	7,483	4,724	4,742	4,708
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	1,998,115	1,024,295	973,820	23,940	11,925	12,015
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,856	35,548	28,452	43,341	45,938	40,804
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	2,857,030	1,385,465	1,471,565	28,880	14,315	14,565
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	2,742,500	1,331,435	1,411,065	27,920	13,860	14,060
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	44,907	52,008	38,207	53,809	57,649	50,023
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	2,743,015	1,331,510	1,411,510	27,925	13,860	14,065
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,221	40,777	31,923	45,994	48,598	43,429
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	2,422,145	1,200,245	1,221,905	26,255	13,035	13,220
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,885	52,241	35,677	52,102	56,529	47,736
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	2,119,805	958,580	1,161,230	17,700	8,290	9,415
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,955	6,826	8,887	7,595	7,499	7,680
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,998,375	1,024,315	974,060	23,940	11,940	12,005
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,596	50,180	36,673	50,089	53,885	46,314
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	2,857,035	1,385,465	1,471,565	28,880	14,315	14,565
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	877,695	479,085	398,605	10,655	5,325	5,330
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	49,397	53,619	45,129	67,699	72,122	64,301
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	61,611	68,817	52,950	70,536	75,141	65,936
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	86.3	90.5	80.9	91.1	92.4	89.7
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	70.7	74.1	66.3	78.7	79.2	78.0
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	13.7	9.5	19.1	8.9	7.6	10.3
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	2,856,565	1,385,430	1,471,140	28,895	14,325	14,570
Without total income	114,135	53,600	60,535	920	485	435
With total income	2,742,435	1,331,830	1,410,600	27,975	13,840	14,130
Percentage with total income	96.0	96.1	95.9	96.8	96.6	97.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	381,980	181,360	200,625	2,875	1,460	1,415
$10,000 to $19,999	501,560	207,285	294,270	3,350	1,575	1,775
$20,000 to $29,999	400,305	173,950	226,355	3,455	1,605	1,845
$30,000 to $39,999	337,555	159,045	178,510	2,815	1,240	1,575
$40,000 to $49,999	294,060	139,610	154,445	2,545	1,195	1,345
$50,000 to $59,999	218,165	108,980	109,185	2,340	1,115	1,225
$60,000 to $69,999	156,985	83,255	73,735	2,370	1,115	1,255
$70,000 to $79,999	124,000	67,715	56,285	2,095	1,010	1,085
$80,000 to $89,999	86,040	49,210	36,825	1,725	885	840
$90,000 to $99,999	57,645	36,030	21,610	1,340	710	630
$100,000 and over	184,130	125,380	58,750	3,065	1,930	1,135
$100,000 to $149,999	117,875	77,795	40,080	2,325	1,410	910
$150,000 and over	66,255	47,585	18,670	740	520	225
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	2,856,570	1,385,430	1,471,140	28,890	14,325	14,565
Without after-tax income	113,630	53,520	60,115	920	485	435
With after-tax income	2,742,935	1,331,915	1,411,025	27,975	13,840	14,135
Percentage with after-tax income	96.0	96.1	95.9	96.8	96.6	97.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	394,555	184,405	210,150	2,935	1,485	1,445
$10,000 to $19,999	524,800	219,045	305,755	3,525	1,660	1,860
$20,000 to $29,999	482,720	215,670	267,055	3,860	1,800	2,065
$30,000 to $39,999	435,320	208,720	226,600	3,285	1,480	1,810
$40,000 to $49,999	321,405	159,455	161,955	3,080	1,450	1,630
$50,000 to $59,999	211,225	112,595	98,630	3,045	1,445	1,600
$60,000 to $69,999	138,220	77,355	60,870	2,685	1,305	1,380
$70,000 to $79,999	78,590	48,375	30,215	2,095	1,085	1,010
$80,000 and over	156,095	106,300	49,800	3,475	2,125	1,345
$80,000 to $89,999	46,750	30,175	16,570	1,285	710	580
$90,000 to $99,999	28,790	19,210	9,580	780	490	290
$100,000 and over	80,565	56,910	23,650	1,405	930	480
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	2,856,570	1,385,425	1,471,140	28,890	14,325	14,570
Without employment income	858,455	361,135	497,320	4,950	2,400	2,550
With employment income	1,998,115	1,024,295	973,820	23,945	11,930	12,015
Percentage with employment income	69.9	73.9	66.2	82.9	83.3	82.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	258,865	129,000	129,865	2,715	1,355	1,360
$5,000 to $9,999	160,610	73,025	87,585	1,605	745	860
$10,000 to $19,999	292,790	134,985	157,805	2,635	1,245	1,390
$20,000 to $29,999	243,810	113,855	129,960	2,275	1,050	1,225
$30,000 to $39,999	229,640	110,295	119,345	2,060	995	1,065
$40,000 to $49,999	195,230	94,965	100,265	1,985	940	1,040
$50,000 to $59,999	151,650	79,915	71,740	1,875	855	1,025
$60,000 to $69,999	115,265	63,620	51,645	1,980	885	1,095
$70,000 to $79,999	99,765	55,425	44,335	1,750	845	905
$80,000 and over	250,500	169,220	81,285	5,065	3,015	2,055
$80,000 to $89,999	64,590	40,190	24,400	1,495	810	680
$90,000 to $99,999	44,635	29,445	15,190	1,135	610	530
$100,000 and over	141,275	99,580	41,690	2,435	1,590	845
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	1,493,385	...	...	15,215	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	60,609	...	...	84,521	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	52,838	...	...	73,935	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	508,245	...	...	4,900	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	33,049	...	...	42,170	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	29,605	...	...	38,536	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	985,135	...	...	10,315	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	80,227	...	...	110,664	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	69,097	...	...	96,068	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	1,493,440	...	...	15,215	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	82,466	...	...	98,739	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	66,528	...	...	84,412	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	508,225	...	...	4,920	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	42,605	...	...	50,317	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	34,853	...	...	43,443	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	985,215	...	...	10,295	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	103,028	...	...	121,861	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	82,867	...	...	103,975	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	1,493,380	...	...	15,215	...	...
Under $5,000	29,440	...	...	225	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	27,450	...	...	155	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	50,475	...	...	290	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	74,000	...	...	555	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	73,640	...	...	670	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	64,980	...	...	480	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	70,615	...	...	510	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	74,015	...	...	505	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	73,600	...	...	510	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	70,350	...	...	455	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	130,685	...	...	910	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	112,165	...	...	965	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	98,075	...	...	935	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	83,990	...	...	960	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	71,265	...	...	860	...	...
$100,000 and over	388,640	...	...	6,220	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	134,105	...	...	1,725	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	87,960	...	...	1,400	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	89,465	...	...	1,850	...	...
$200,000 and over	77,115	...	...	1,250	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	1,493,380	...	...	15,215	...	...
Under $5,000	31,175	...	...	235	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	27,850	...	...	160	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	50,975	...	...	295	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	77,820	...	...	580	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	82,970	...	...	680	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	77,895	...	...	555	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	90,115	...	...	575	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	91,635	...	...	605	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	87,235	...	...	575	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	84,225	...	...	510	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	150,280	...	...	1,190	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	125,890	...	...	1,185	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	102,920	...	...	1,150	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	84,930	...	...	1,005	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	69,010	...	...	885	...	...
$100,000 and over	258,460	...	...	5,045	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	116,775	...	...	1,840	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	61,205	...	...	1,420	...	...
$150,000 and over	80,485	...	...	1,785	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	935,490	...	...	9,795	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	81,469	...	...	108,816	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	69,946	...	...	94,853	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	326,075	...	...	3,890	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	74,868	...	...	104,425	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	63,595	...	...	90,825	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	414,015	...	...	3,860	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	104,694	...	...	139,567	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	88,599	...	...	119,060	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.0	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	168,810	...	...	1,765	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	53,914	...	...	62,816	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	48,788	...	...	58,386	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	935,345	...	...	9,795	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	104,779	...	...	120,618	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	84,022	...	...	102,755	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	325,740	...	...	3,900	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	97,081	...	...	113,004	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	76,913	...	...	95,932	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	414,500	...	...	3,885	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	129,051	...	...	151,228	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	102,708	...	...	127,809	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	168,475	...	...	1,750	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	64,515	...	...	72,156	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	54,846	...	...	64,133	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	642,400	311,885	330,515	6,685	3,505	3,180
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	29,654	30,644	28,864	39,951	36,718	42,449
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	27,081	27,600	26,672	36,618	33,829	39,148
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	641,600	310,655	330,940	6,705	3,630	3,070
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	39,204	40,679	37,820	47,879	46,673	49,305
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	32,365	33,039	31,732	41,460	40,111	43,054
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	3,441,575	1,684,145	1,757,425	35,110	17,645	17,470
In the bottom half of the distribution	1,961,905	939,675	1,022,235	12,840	6,500	6,340
In the bottom decile	379,670	187,715	191,950	2,530	1,440	1,090
In the second decile	383,565	174,535	209,035	2,705	1,345	1,360
In the third decile	424,315	202,190	222,125	2,315	1,110	1,205
In the fourth decile	403,050	194,180	208,865	2,420	1,145	1,275
In the fifth decile	371,310	181,055	190,255	2,870	1,455	1,415
In the top half of the distribution	1,479,670	744,475	735,190	22,270	11,145	11,130
In the sixth decile	347,270	172,080	175,190	3,005	1,500	1,505
In the seventh decile	325,310	162,625	162,680	3,535	1,745	1,790
In the eighth decile	302,375	152,520	149,850	4,495	2,200	2,300
In the ninth decile	260,815	132,605	128,210	5,420	2,755	2,670
In the top decile	243,900	124,645	119,255	5,810	2,950	2,860
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	3,441,575	1,684,150	1,757,425	0	0	0
0 to 17 years	694,385	354,435	339,950	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	237,140	121,340	115,800	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	2,229,410	1,099,655	1,129,760	0	0	0
65 years and over	517,780	230,060	287,715	0	0	0
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	554,710	261,605	293,105	0	0	0
0 to 17 years	115,500	59,195	56,305	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	40,365	20,605	19,760	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	348,340	170,145	178,195	0	0	0
65 years and over	90,865	32,265	58,600	0	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	16.1	15.5	16.7	...	...	...
0 to 17 years (%)	16.6	16.7	16.6	...	...	...
0 to 5 years (%)	17.0	17.0	17.1	...	...	...
18 to 64 years (%)	15.6	15.5	15.8	...	...	...
65 years and over (%)	17.5	14.0	20.4	...	...	...
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	454,010	219,685	234,325	0	0	0
0 to 17 years	85,345	43,760	41,585	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	29,860	15,235	14,620	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	307,720	155,015	152,710	0	0	0
65 years and over	60,940	20,905	40,030	0	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	13.2	13.0	13.3	...	...	...
0 to 17 years (%)	12.3	12.3	12.2	...	...	...
0 to 5 years (%)	12.6	12.6	12.6	...	...	...
18 to 64 years (%)	13.8	14.1	13.5	...	...	...
65 years and over (%)	11.8	9.1	13.9	...	...	...
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	3,441,490	1,683,830	1,757,660	35,110	17,640	17,465
Official languages	3,379,530	1,659,680	1,719,850	35,010	17,605	17,405
English	2,235,665	1,145,250	1,090,415	34,930	17,570	17,365
French	3,108,310	1,523,560	1,584,750	4,910	2,270	2,640
Non-official languages	1,289,660	621,780	667,885	6,255	2,970	3,285
Aboriginal languages	885	400	485	1,165	535	630
Algonquian languages	370	210	160	40	15	25
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	290	145	150	30	10	15
Atikamekw	15	0	10	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	70	35	40	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	70	40	30	0	0	0
Plains Cree	10	10	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	10	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	10	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	120	50	70	25	10	15
Eastern Algonquian languages	30	30	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	35	30	10	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	35	30	10	10	10	10
Algonquin	30	20	10	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	10	10	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	10	10	10	870	400	470
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	10	10	860	395	465
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	10
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	10	0	10	15	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	95	45	50
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	20	10	10
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	10	15
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	335	185	150
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	330	180	150
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	10	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	405	160	245
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	275	115	160
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	135	50	90
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	420	135	285	50	10	35
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	30	10	25
Inuktitut	375	125	260	20	10	10
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	45	15	30	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	75	55	20	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	70	55	10	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	10	10	10
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	10	10	10
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	195	95	100
Tsimshian languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Nisga'a	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	10	0	10	25	10	15
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,288,840	621,410	667,425	5,105	2,440	2,665
Afro-Asiatic languages	267,820	139,520	128,300	70	50	20
Berber languages	24,400	12,855	11,540	0	0	0
Kabyle	14,305	7,565	6,740	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10,235	5,360	4,875	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	1,100	535	565	20	20	0
Bilen	35	20	15	0	0	0
Oromo	30	20	10	0	0	0
Somali	1,030	485	545	20	20	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	255,455	132,985	122,470	50	35	20
Amharic	970	470	505	10	0	10
Arabic	237,485	123,665	113,820	30	25	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	160	80	75	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	0	10	0	0	0
Harari	10	10	10	0	0	0
Hebrew	17,550	9,195	8,350	15	0	10
Maltese	15	10	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	360	165	195	0	0	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	170	80	90	10	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	595	310	290	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	41,735	19,910	21,825	60	35	30
Khmer (Cambodian)	10,280	4,885	5,395	0	0	0
Vietnamese	31,790	15,195	16,595	60	30	30
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	30	15	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	28,685	10,890	17,795	1,225	490	730
Bikol	105	50	55	0	0	10
Cebuano	875	310	565	115	55	60
Fijian	15	10	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	500	185	315	20	0	15
Ilocano	2,430	870	1,560	20	10	15
Malagasy	1,385	650	730	0	0	0
Malay	960	415	545	35	15	20
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	195	100	95	0	0	0
Pangasinan	55	15	40	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	25,220	9,335	15,890	1,095	445	650
Waray-Waray	45	10	30	20	0	15
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	395	195	200	0	10	0
Creole languages	106,715	47,760	58,955	15	0	10
Haitian Creole	4,320	2,000	2,320	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	100,615	44,925	55,690	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	2,355	1,125	1,225	15	10	10
Dravidian languages	18,360	9,325	9,035	50	25	20
Kannada	390	200	190	0	0	0
Malayalam	485	270	210	10	10	0
Tamil	16,990	8,555	8,430	45	20	20
Telugu	885	520	370	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	35	15	25	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	719,495	345,180	374,315	3,060	1,540	1,515
Albanian	2,780	1,400	1,380	10	0	0
Armenian	19,880	9,555	10,325	15	10	15
Balto-Slavic languages	72,175	33,515	38,655	375	195	185
Baltic languages	905	405	500	0	0	0
Latvian	260	110	150	10	10	0
Lithuanian	645	295	350	0	0	0
Slavic languages	71,425	33,190	38,235	375	190	180
Belarusan	295	130	170	0	0	0
Bosnian	540	260	285	0	0	0
Bulgarian	6,625	3,220	3,400	10	0	10
Croatian	2,695	1,300	1,390	25	20	10
Czech	1,595	730	865	80	55	25
Macedonian	225	100	120	0	0	0
Polish	14,585	6,485	8,100	50	25	30
Russian	40,590	19,210	21,380	145	65	75
Serbian	2,370	1,100	1,265	10	10	0
Serbo-Croatian	945	415	530	0	0	0
Slovak	1,160	560	600	15	10	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	860	410	450	30	10	25
Ukrainian	7,710	3,290	4,415	40	25	20
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	120	55	65	0	10	0
Celtic languages	350	210	140	20	10	10
Scottish Gaelic	100	55	40	10	10	0
Welsh	60	35	25	10	10	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	200	125	75	10	10	0
Germanic languages	44,775	22,230	22,545	1,360	715	650
Afrikaans	290	190	105	45	25	25
Danish	525	250	275	10	10	0
Dutch	3,075	1,615	1,450	155	75	75
Frisian	10	10	0	0	0	0
German	28,000	13,900	14,100	1,125	585	540
Icelandic	100	65	30	0	0	0
Norwegian	330	160	170	30	15	15
Swedish	1,135	540	595	25	15	15
Vlaams (Flemish)	410	130	280	0	0	0
Yiddish	12,225	6,125	6,095	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	155	65	85	0	0	0
Greek	48,615	24,160	24,455	10	10	10
Indo-Iranian languages	86,210	44,270	41,940	315	190	125
Indo-Aryan languages	56,120	29,130	26,990	300	180	120
Bengali	12,450	6,390	6,055	20	10	10
Gujarati	7,805	3,795	4,020	50	45	10
Hindi	14,710	7,835	6,875	170	115	55
Kashmiri	45	35	15	0	0	0
Konkani	145	75	75	0	0	0
Marathi	460	235	220	0	0	0
Nepali	240	125	115	10	10	0
Oriya (Odia)	55	35	20	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	17,335	9,415	7,920	150	70	80
Sindhi	455	225	230	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	1,255	575	670	0	0	0
Urdu	15,775	8,270	7,505	50	25	25
Iranian languages	31,345	15,760	15,580	15	10	0
Kurdish	945	480	465	0	0	0
Pashto	1,620	895	725	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	29,210	14,660	14,550	15	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	615	330	285	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	472,760	222,975	249,785	1,130	490	635
Catalan	655	395	260	0	0	0
Italian	156,690	75,670	81,015	130	45	85
Portuguese	43,920	22,065	21,855	55	30	30
Romanian	38,205	18,360	19,845	15	0	10
Spanish	261,895	120,390	141,505	975	435	535
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	325	215	110	0	0	0
Japanese	5,265	2,400	2,860	105	55	45
Kartvelian languages	200	100	100	0	0	0
Georgian	200	100	100	0	0	0
Korean	5,710	2,615	3,095	70	20	50
Mongolic languages	225	120	110	10	0	0
Mongolian	225	115	110	10	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	35,895	17,930	17,965	65	40	25
Akan (Twi)	1,695	890	805	0	0	0
Bamanankan	1,715	880	835	0	0	10
Edo	165	80	85	0	0	0
Ewe	965	610	355	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	2,670	1,390	1,285	0	0	0
Ga	280	145	135	0	0	0
Ganda	55	20	30	0	0	0
Igbo	220	145	75	0	0	0
Lingala	7,370	3,285	4,080	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	2,110	985	1,125	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	1,860	835	1,025	0	0	10
Shona	130	55	70	0	10	0
Swahili	4,005	1,960	2,045	15	10	10
Wolof	4,630	2,485	2,140	0	0	0
Yoruba	675	370	305	10	10	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	12,245	6,310	5,940	30	10	20
Nilo-Saharan languages	300	180	120	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	300	180	120	0	0	0
Sign languages	3,665	1,470	2,200	55	25	35
American Sign Language	380	145	240	40	20	15
Quebec Sign Language	2,195	805	1,390	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	1,230	565	660	15	0	15
Sino-Tibetan languages	82,355	38,765	43,595	305	150	155
Chinese languages	82,175	38,655	43,515	300	145	155
Cantonese	30,155	14,080	16,080	180	105	75
Hakka	515	225	295	0	0	0
Mandarin	53,410	24,795	28,620	185	80	105
Min Dong	20	10	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	4,010	1,785	2,225	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	1,185	515	670	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	4,195	2,035	2,155	10	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	90	35	50	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	210	125	85	0	0	0
Burmese	70	45	25	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	50	35	10	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	95	45	45	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	6,020	2,855	3,165	40	25	15
Lao	4,975	2,440	2,535	10	0	0
Thai	1,635	655	980	40	20	15
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	11,155	5,545	5,610	20	15	10
Azerbaijani	445	240	210	0	0	0
Turkish	10,280	5,115	5,165	10	0	0
Uyghur	190	85	100	0	0	0
Uzbek	180	80	105	10	10	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	195	100	95	0	0	0
Uralic languages	6,630	3,075	3,560	115	65	50
Estonian	120	50	75	0	0	0
Finnish	325	125	200	45	15	25
Hungarian	6,180	2,895	3,285	75	45	25
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	1,415	800	610	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	3,441,485	1,683,825	1,757,660	35,110	17,640	17,465
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	3,135,275	1,532,635	1,602,635	32,955	16,610	16,350
Canadian citizens aged under 18	647,960	330,550	317,415	7,085	3,700	3,390
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	2,487,310	1,202,085	1,285,230	25,875	12,910	12,965
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	306,210	151,190	155,020	2,155	1,035	1,120
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	3,441,490	1,683,825	1,757,660	35,110	17,645	17,465
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	2,464,970	1,208,785	1,256,190	30,260	15,305	14,950
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	906,835	438,335	468,495	4,410	2,075	2,330
Before 1981	199,205	95,870	103,340	1,325	695	630
1981 to 1990	109,740	54,190	55,550	385	200	185
1991 to 2000	158,650	75,415	83,235	530	235	295
2001 to 2010	263,385	127,160	136,225	1,055	480	575
2001 to 2005	114,605	55,380	59,230	330	130	205
2006 to 2010	148,780	71,780	77,000	725	350	375
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	175,855	85,705	90,145	1,115	470	645
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	69,685	36,700	32,980	435	255	185
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	906,830	438,340	468,490	4,410	2,080	2,330
Under 5 years	86,215	42,510	43,705	460	205	255
5 to 14 years	143,490	71,640	71,850	765	375	390
15 to 24 years	181,795	82,600	99,200	915	420	490
25 to 44 years	432,620	213,190	219,430	1,970	935	1,035
45 years and over	62,710	28,400	34,310	310	145	160
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	906,830	438,335	468,495	4,410	2,080	2,330
Americas	202,820	92,675	110,145	700	295	410
Brazil	5,590	2,690	2,900	10	10	10
Colombia	15,690	7,160	8,535	15	10	0
El Salvador	9,685	4,790	4,895	10	0	0
Guyana	2,335	1,005	1,335	10	0	10
Haiti	74,475	32,445	42,030	0	0	0
Jamaica	4,115	1,795	2,320	15	0	15
Mexico	12,505	5,640	6,870	45	20	20
Peru	11,530	5,185	6,345	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	3,665	1,675	1,990	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	16,665	8,505	8,160	560	235	320
Other places of birth in Americas	46,560	21,790	24,770	45	20	30
Europe	242,700	118,610	124,090	1,730	945	785
Bosnia and Herzegovina	1,025	490	540	10	10	0
Croatia	1,540	790	755	10	10	0
France	52,715	27,840	24,865	80	50	30
Germany	5,980	2,590	3,390	440	245	195
Greece	17,695	8,665	9,025	0	0	0
Hungary	2,930	1,390	1,545	40	25	20
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	610	355	255	35	25	15
Italy	47,855	23,255	24,605	40	20	15
Netherlands	1,160	630	535	135	70	65
Poland	8,965	3,840	5,125	35	10	15
Portugal	15,835	7,625	8,210	10	10	0
Romania	25,410	12,050	13,355	10	0	10
Russian Federation	9,780	4,265	5,515	25	10	20
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	1,290	585	705	0	0	0
Ukraine	7,400	3,205	4,190	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	9,280	4,800	4,475	520	260	250
Other places of birth in Europe	33,230	16,230	17,000	355	215	140
Africa	199,510	102,665	96,845	175	125	50
Algeria	53,320	27,715	25,605	10	0	0
Egypt	18,240	9,490	8,750	0	0	0
Ethiopia	860	425	430	10	10	0
Kenya	600	285	315	10	10	0
Morocco	53,270	27,340	25,930	10	10	0
Nigeria	1,085	590	490	15	10	0
Somalia	470	225	240	20	15	10
South Africa, Republic of	655	350	305	50	25	25
Other places of birth in Africa	71,020	36,240	34,780	45	35	15
Asia	260,760	123,820	136,940	1,695	675	1,010
Afghanistan	6,125	3,055	3,075	0	0	0
Bangladesh	7,665	3,855	3,815	10	10	10
China^{Census data footnote 59}	42,270	17,980	24,290	230	80	150
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	4,490	2,200	2,290	15	10	0
India	17,255	8,905	8,355	110	50	60
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	16,345	8,120	8,225	15	10	10
Iraq	2,925	1,570	1,360	0	0	0
Japan	1,405	345	1,060	20	10	10
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	3,520	1,625	1,890	50	25	30
Lebanon	35,350	18,710	16,645	0	0	0
Pakistan	9,440	4,960	4,475	25	10	15
Philippines	22,880	8,620	14,260	1,010	385	625
Sri Lanka	10,515	5,225	5,285	15	0	10
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	16,225	8,010	8,215	10	0	0
Taiwan	2,450	1,020	1,430	10	0	0
Viet Nam	23,155	10,720	12,435	60	25	35
Other places of birth in Asia	38,735	18,905	19,835	120	55	70
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	1,045	570	480	110	40	70
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	175,850	85,710	90,145	1,115	470	640
Americas	39,210	18,630	20,580	85	25	55
Brazil	2,245	1,135	1,120	10	0	10
Colombia	5,120	2,420	2,695	0	0	0
Cuba	1,840	930	910	10	0	10
Haiti	15,580	7,085	8,495	0	0	0
Jamaica	155	110	45	0	0	0
Mexico	3,355	1,565	1,795	25	10	15
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	3,175	1,785	1,390	35	15	25
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	1,680	805	875	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	6,055	2,805	3,250	0	0	0
Europe	30,620	15,510	15,110	170	85	85
France	14,495	7,795	6,700	40	20	20
Germany	435	200	230	60	25	35
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	100	75	30	15	10	10
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	3,535	1,605	1,930	10	0	0
Romania	2,615	1,120	1,495	0	0	0
Russian Federation	1,740	775	960	10	0	10
Ukraine	2,070	950	1,125	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	640	425	215	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	4,995	2,565	2,430	35	20	20
Africa	58,845	29,255	29,590	15	10	0
Algeria	14,910	7,290	7,620	0	0	0
Cameroon	5,535	2,690	2,845	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	2,075	985	1,090	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	3,580	1,755	1,820	0	0	0
Egypt	4,185	2,165	2,020	0	0	0
Eritrea	45	30	20	0	0	0
Ethiopia	115	60	60	0	0	0
Morocco	11,720	5,805	5,915	0	0	0
Nigeria	430	225	200	10	0	0
Somalia	70	40	35	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	130	80	50	0	0	0
Tunisia	4,620	2,330	2,290	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	11,415	5,800	5,615	10	10	0
Asia	46,910	22,145	24,760	835	345	495
Afghanistan	1,035	470	565	0	0	0
Bangladesh	840	440	400	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	9,715	4,415	5,305	40	20	25
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	100	35	60	0	0	0
India	2,865	1,505	1,360	40	10	25
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	7,070	3,340	3,725	15	10	0
Iraq	635	315	320	0	0	0
Israel	595	355	245	0	0	0
Japan	285	30	255	10	10	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	730	310	420	25	15	10
Lebanon	3,610	1,930	1,680	0	0	0
Nepal	60	30	30	0	0	0
Pakistan	1,565	805	765	20	10	10
Philippines	5,135	2,210	2,925	635	245	390
Saudi Arabia	425	200	225	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	855	375	480	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	6,320	3,175	3,150	0	0	0
Taiwan	120	50	75	0	0	0
Turkey	490	250	235	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	280	145	130	0	0	0
Viet Nam	1,295	485	810	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	2,895	1,290	1,610	50	20	30
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	265	165	100	10	10	10
Australia	140	90	50	10	0	10
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	125	75	50	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	3,441,485	1,683,830	1,757,660	35,110	17,640	17,470
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	993,665	483,955	509,710	5,055	2,460	2,590
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	616,115	310,495	305,625	5,570	2,735	2,835
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	1,831,710	889,380	942,330	24,490	12,450	12,045
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	720,305	348,470	371,840	3,155	1,420	1,740
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	398,125	206,130	191,995	2,045	990	1,055
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	190,085	115,490	74,590	1,015	565	450
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	208,045	90,640	117,405	1,030	420	605
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	197,715	78,420	119,300	980	340	635
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	114,490	59,200	55,290	125	85	45
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	9,970	4,720	5,250	10	10	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	3,441,485	1,683,830	1,757,660	35,115	17,645	17,465
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	26,875	12,605	14,275	8,195	3,960	4,230
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	25,130	11,810	13,320	7,925	3,815	4,110
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	12,180	5,780	6,405	6,685	3,315	3,370
Métis	12,080	5,725	6,355	1,015	430	590
Inuk (Inuit)	870	310	560	230	75	150
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	625	300	325	160	85	75
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	1,125	495	630	105	60	45
Non-Aboriginal identity	3,414,610	1,671,225	1,743,385	26,915	13,685	13,235
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	3,441,485	1,683,830	1,757,660	35,110	17,645	17,465
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	6,785	3,305	3,475	5,910	2,990	2,920
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	3,434,700	1,680,520	1,754,185	29,200	14,655	14,550
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	3,441,490	1,683,825	1,757,660	35,115	17,645	17,470
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	15,330	6,975	8,355	3,740	1,860	1,880
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	14,810	6,750	8,060	3,650	1,810	1,840
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	12,075	5,480	6,600	3,405	1,705	1,695
Métis single ancestry	2,235	1,095	1,145	150	65	90
Inuit single ancestry	500	180	315	95	35	55
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	515	220	295	85	50	35
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	410	170	235	30	10	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	105	55	55	55	35	15
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	77,950	35,250	42,705	4,585	2,140	2,440
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	76,715	34,615	42,100	4,325	2,035	2,295
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	66,730	30,105	36,620	3,515	1,680	1,840
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	9,010	4,100	4,915	660	285	375
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	975	410	570	145	70	80
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	1,235	635	600	260	110	155
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	985	535	455	160	65	105
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	185	75	110	90	40	50
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	60	25	35	10	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	3,348,210	1,641,610	1,706,605	26,790	13,645	13,145
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	3,441,490	1,683,825	1,757,660	35,115	17,645	17,470
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	880,010	430,060	449,950	3,000	1,345	1,650
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	84,410	43,705	40,705	500	275	225
Chinese	87,390	40,155	47,240	415	170	240
Black	261,175	124,755	136,420	270	120	150
Filipino	32,480	13,235	19,245	1,190	480	710
Latin American	105,570	50,975	54,590	130	75	60
Arab	187,785	98,980	88,805	10	10	10
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	54,485	26,075	28,410	180	80	100
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	28,530	14,230	14,295	30	20	10
Korean	6,835	3,240	3,595	70	20	50
Japanese	3,705	1,420	2,290	65	35	30
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	7,945	3,755	4,195	15	10	10
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	19,690	9,535	10,160	120	60	60
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	2,561,475	1,253,765	1,307,715	32,110	16,295	15,815
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	3,441,485	1,683,825	1,757,660	35,115	17,645	17,470
North American Aboriginal origins	93,280	42,220	51,055	8,320	4,000	4,325
First Nations (North American Indian)	80,495	36,415	44,075	7,255	3,535	3,725
Inuit	1,835	740	1,090	390	195	200
Métis	12,705	5,920	6,785	1,020	430	590
Other North American origins	1,448,695	700,880	747,810	9,335	4,775	4,565
Acadian	12,270	5,740	6,530	165	65	95
American	24,080	11,545	12,535	675	310	365
Canadian	1,359,895	656,570	703,325	8,635	4,460	4,180
New Brunswicker	360	185	180	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	335	150	185	65	30	35
Nova Scotian	270	115	155	10	0	0
Ontarian	565	270	300	0	0	10
Québécois	75,475	37,835	37,640	85	40	50
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	115	55	55	0	0	0
European origins	1,502,485	739,290	763,195	24,990	12,525	12,465
British Isles origins	351,250	168,795	182,455	17,525	8,740	8,780
Channel Islander	375	170	200	0	0	0
Cornish	40	20	20	0	0	0
English	119,795	58,530	61,265	9,680	4,850	4,825
Irish	201,615	94,930	106,685	6,930	3,310	3,615
Manx	130	70	60	10	0	10
Scottish	107,560	51,340	56,220	8,290	4,065	4,235
Welsh	6,955	3,325	3,630	905	425	480
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	21,980	10,410	11,570	1,235	595	640
French origins	729,090	361,085	368,000	5,060	2,455	2,605
Alsatian	515	225	285	0	10	0
Breton	4,160	2,025	2,140	15	10	10
Corsican	865	505	365	0	0	0
French	725,705	359,390	366,315	5,035	2,440	2,600
Western European origins (except French origins)	130,245	62,930	67,315	7,690	3,805	3,885
Austrian	9,305	4,500	4,810	365	180	185
Bavarian	35	15	15	10	10	0
Belgian	26,665	13,085	13,585	175	85	90
Dutch	14,045	6,855	7,195	1,765	815	945
Flemish	685	340	345	10	0	10
Frisian	0	10	0	15	0	15
German	75,875	36,030	39,845	5,575	2,765	2,810
Luxembourger	540	260	275	10	0	0
Swiss	11,635	5,955	5,680	435	265	170
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	95	60	40	30	0	30
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	14,380	6,965	7,410	3,335	1,625	1,710
Danish	3,370	1,565	1,800	555	275	280
Finnish	1,905	860	1,045	275	135	145
Icelandic	615	330	290	215	125	85
Norwegian	3,960	1,960	2,005	1,380	690	690
Swedish	4,360	2,085	2,270	1,100	510	585
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	1,115	545	570	205	110	95
Eastern European origins	201,045	97,360	103,685	4,495	2,190	2,305
Bulgarian	8,070	3,900	4,165	45	15	30
Byelorussian	2,055	1,005	1,050	20	10	0
Czech	4,820	2,285	2,540	180	110	70
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	1,565	805	760	40	10	30
Estonian	735	385	350	15	15	0
Hungarian	23,130	11,495	11,635	485	250	235
Latvian	1,430	680	750	50	25	20
Lithuanian	5,410	2,715	2,695	35	15	25
Moldovan	7,075	3,450	3,625	0	0	0
Polish	60,900	29,655	31,245	1,140	530	605
Romanian	46,430	22,625	23,805	130	60	75
Russian	47,120	22,340	24,785	820	365	460
Slovak	3,575	1,810	1,770	110	60	55
Ukrainian	32,465	15,550	16,910	2,205	1,055	1,145
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	2,655	1,375	1,275	35	20	20
Southern European origins	434,525	215,445	219,085	1,490	690	795
Albanian	3,180	1,640	1,540	10	0	0
Bosnian	870	430	440	20	15	10
Catalan	545	270	275	0	0	0
Croatian	4,920	2,435	2,490	55	25	35
Cypriot	420	210	205	0	0	0
Greek	64,400	32,690	31,710	90	50	40
Italian	260,155	128,795	131,355	915	400	520
Kosovar	310	170	140	0	0	0
Macedonian	590	320	265	15	15	0
Maltese	830	435	395	10	0	0
Montenegrin	340	190	150	0	0	0
Portuguese	52,935	26,595	26,340	70	30	35
Serbian	3,515	1,650	1,860	10	0	0
Sicilian	950	485	465	10	0	10
Slovenian	1,965	945	1,015	45	15	30
Spanish	63,970	31,020	32,950	270	140	130
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	2,005	945	1,060	30	15	15
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	210	130	80	0	0	0
Other European origins	30,295	15,480	14,815	450	175	280
Basque	2,070	1,100	970	20	0	20
Jewish	23,055	11,795	11,255	150	50	100
Roma (Gypsy)	330	200	130	10	10	10
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	260	125	135	30	10	20
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	4,810	2,405	2,405	250	115	130
Caribbean origins	177,195	82,035	95,160	165	70	95
Antiguan	310	140	165	0	0	0
Bahamian	360	180	180	10	0	0
Barbadian	4,735	2,190	2,545	10	0	0
Bermudan	60	20	45	0	0	0
Carib	365	140	220	0	0	0
Cuban	7,360	3,605	3,755	15	0	0
Dominican	9,490	4,335	5,155	0	0	0
Grenadian	1,790	710	1,080	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	775	375	405	0	0	0
Haitian	129,010	59,435	69,575	0	0	0
Jamaican	11,775	5,550	6,225	95	40	50
Kittitian/Nevisian	315	170	150	0	0	0
Martinican	1,340	640	700	0	0	0
Montserratan	220	125	95	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	395	200	195	0	0	0
St. Lucian	730	365	360	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	5,685	2,570	3,115	20	0	15
Vincentian/Grenadinian	3,665	1,510	2,150	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	5,020	2,270	2,750	15	10	10
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	3,475	1,640	1,835	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	128,475	62,155	66,315	215	110	105
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	4,625	2,165	2,455	0	0	0
Arawak	135	35	100	0	0	0
Argentinian	4,010	2,010	2,000	35	15	20
Belizean	45	20	20	0	0	0
Bolivian	1,300	645	650	0	0	0
Brazilian	6,265	3,065	3,210	20	10	10
Chilean	11,400	5,715	5,675	25	20	10
Colombian	21,445	10,015	11,435	25	15	10
Costa Rican	870	405	460	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	2,155	980	1,180	0	0	0
Guatemalan	8,245	4,275	3,975	0	10	0
Guyanese	3,255	1,590	1,670	10	0	10
Hispanic	850	435	410	0	0	0
Honduran	3,755	1,880	1,880	10	0	10
Maya	1,255	720	540	0	0	0
Mexican	19,765	9,520	10,245	90	50	40
Nicaraguan	2,010	965	1,045	0	0	0
Panamanian	1,245	655	590	10	0	0
Paraguayan	260	120	140	0	0	0
Peruvian	16,650	7,815	8,835	0	0	0
Salvadorean	16,715	8,250	8,470	0	0	0
Uruguayan	1,420	665	755	0	0	0
Venezuelan	6,460	2,925	3,535	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	4,805	2,430	2,370	0	0	0
African origins	312,085	159,925	152,165	350	165	185
Central and West African origins	62,370	31,995	30,375	60	30	25
Akan	505	270	235	0	0	0
Angolan	740	345	390	0	0	0
Ashanti	105	75	25	0	0	0
Beninese	2,800	1,485	1,315	0	0	0
Burkinabe	1,675	900	780	0	0	0
Cameroonian	12,925	6,495	6,435	0	0	0
Chadian	750	375	380	0	0	0
Congolese	13,765	6,625	7,135	0	0	0
Edo	95	50	45	0	0	0
Ewe	330	190	140	0	0	0
Gabonese	655	290	365	0	0	0
Gambian	115	75	50	0	0	0
Ghanaian	2,825	1,440	1,385	10	10	10
Guinean	4,135	2,175	1,960	0	0	0
Ibo	165	80	80	0	0	0
Ivorian	6,015	3,035	2,980	0	0	0
Liberian	85	30	50	0	0	0
Malian	2,460	1,230	1,230	0	0	0
Malinké	520	280	240	0	0	0
Nigerian	2,250	1,220	1,035	15	10	10
Peulh	1,725	880	845	0	0	0
Senegalese	5,775	3,110	2,665	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	105	55	55	0	0	0
Togolese	2,770	1,470	1,305	0	0	0
Wolof	490	290	200	0	0	0
Yoruba	350	175	175	0	10	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	4,480	2,430	2,050	30	20	10
North African origins	196,985	102,430	94,555	35	15	20
Algerian	53,495	27,540	25,950	0	0	0
Berber	29,440	15,420	14,020	10	10	0
Coptic	660	365	295	0	0	0
Dinka	20	10	15	0	0	0
Egyptian	26,465	13,735	12,730	0	0	0
Libyan	920	500	415	0	0	0
Maure	410	230	180	20	0	15
Moroccan	75,540	38,925	36,615	0	0	0
Sudanese	280	150	130	0	0	0
Tunisian	17,225	9,335	7,885	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	2,885	1,615	1,275	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	18,965	9,240	9,730	125	60	65
Afrikaner	95	65	30	0	0	10
Amhara	40	20	20	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	1,275	675	600	0	0	0
Burundian	2,930	1,385	1,545	0	0	0
Djiboutian	235	105	130	0	0	0
Eritrean	505	255	250	0	0	0
Ethiopian	1,350	685	665	10	0	0
Harari	15	10	10	0	0	0
Kenyan	430	220	210	15	10	10
Malagasy	2,455	1,220	1,240	0	0	0
Mauritian	3,195	1,485	1,705	10	10	0
Oromo	20	10	10	0	0	0
Rwandan	2,835	1,340	1,490	0	0	0
Seychellois	705	320	385	15	10	0
Somali	1,350	660	685	15	15	10
South African	675	350	320	60	20	35
Tanzanian	165	95	70	0	0	0
Tigrian	70	25	45	0	0	0
Ugandan	150	70	80	0	0	0
Zambian	30	10	20	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	255	135	120	0	10	0
Zulu	45	25	20	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	995	475	520	10	0	10
Other African origins	37,040	17,995	19,045	135	60	75
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	2,840	1,350	1,490	0	0	10
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	34,720	16,910	17,815	130	55	75
Asian origins	497,295	243,865	253,435	2,855	1,260	1,595
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	210,610	108,180	102,430	195	110	85
Afghan	9,170	4,670	4,500	0	10	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	38,355	20,120	18,235	15	10	10
Armenian	25,810	12,675	13,130	25	15	15
Assyrian	345	195	155	10	0	0
Azerbaijani	505	270	235	0	0	0
Georgian	545	255	295	0	0	0
Hazara	350	165	190	0	0	0
Iranian	23,060	11,570	11,485	20	10	10
Iraqi	4,575	2,305	2,270	10	0	0
Israeli	5,745	3,055	2,695	0	0	0
Jordanian	1,365	725	640	0	0	0
Kazakh	540	260	280	0	0	0
Kurd	1,830	985	845	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	75	35	40	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	210	110	100	0	0	0
Lebanese	67,300	35,160	32,135	60	45	15
Palestinian	6,230	3,190	3,040	0	0	0
Pashtun	480	270	215	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	610	365	245	0	0	0
Syrian	24,250	12,245	12,005	0	0	10
Tajik	315	140	180	0	0	0
Tatar	790	375	415	10	0	0
Turk	13,145	6,450	6,695	30	15	15
Turkmen	40	30	15	0	0	0
Uighur	325	150	175	0	0	0
Uzbek	395	180	215	20	10	10
Yemeni	695	375	320	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	2,190	1,225	965	0	0	10
South Asian origins	88,930	45,485	43,445	460	265	200
Bangladeshi	6,805	3,495	3,315	30	15	0
Bengali	4,035	1,990	2,050	0	0	0
Bhutanese	50	30	20	0	0	0
East Indian	47,235	24,255	22,975	315	160	160
Goan	195	100	100	0	0	0
Gujarati	405	205	205	40	40	0
Kashmiri	260	155	105	0	0	0
Nepali	280	150	125	0	10	0
Pakistani	12,900	6,645	6,255	60	25	30
Punjabi	2,950	1,665	1,285	0	0	0
Sinhalese	260	110	150	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	14,440	7,130	7,300	20	20	10
Tamil	3,045	1,585	1,460	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	2,080	1,150	925	0	10	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	200,540	91,440	109,100	2,180	890	1,285
Burmese	220	130	90	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	13,100	6,275	6,820	0	0	0
Chinese	106,040	48,825	57,215	625	240	380
Filipino	34,895	14,290	20,600	1,330	550	780
Hmong	30	10	20	0	0	0
Indonesian	1,040	440	600	20	0	15
Japanese	5,115	2,045	3,075	95	50	45
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	7,370	3,490	3,880	80	25	55
Laotian	6,350	3,215	3,135	0	0	0
Malaysian	515	235	280	45	10	40
Mongolian	725	330	395	10	10	10
Singaporean	100	60	40	0	0	0
Taiwanese	1,915	820	1,095	0	0	0
Thai	1,870	765	1,105	25	10	15
Tibetan	65	35	30	0	0	0
Vietnamese	37,935	18,285	19,650	85	50	40
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	240	110	130	10	0	0
Other Asian origins	1,605	835	770	25	0	25
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	1,605	835	770	25	0	25
Oceania origins	2,320	1,240	1,080	170	80	90
Australian	1,545	870	675	80	35	50
New Zealander	335	165	165	65	30	35
Pacific Islands origins	510	240	270	35	25	10
Fijian	60	25	35	0	0	10
Hawaiian	40	20	20	0	0	0
Maori	60	35	20	20	20	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	160	70	90	0	0	0
Samoan	15	15	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	210	100	110	10	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	1,493,440	...	...	15,215	...	...
Owner	792,165	...	...	9,680	...	...
Renter	701,275	...	...	5,005	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	530	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	1,493,440	...	...	15,215	...	...
Condominium	257,170	...	...	1,495	...	...
Not condominium	1,236,270	...	...	13,720	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	1,493,445	...	...	15,215	...	...
No bedrooms	15,695	...	...	125	...	...
1 bedroom	319,095	...	...	2,515	...	...
2 bedrooms	478,475	...	...	4,290	...	...
3 bedrooms	443,605	...	...	5,065	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	236,570	...	...	3,215	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	1,493,440	...	...	15,215	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	652,580	...	...	5,160	...	...
5 rooms	260,010	...	...	2,675	...	...
6 rooms	154,685	...	...	2,340	...	...
7 rooms	141,880	...	...	1,755	...	...
8 or more rooms	284,290	...	...	3,285	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.4	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	1,493,445	...	...	15,215	...	...
One person or fewer per room	1,462,860	...	...	14,970	...	...
More than 1 person per room	30,580	...	...	245	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	1,493,440	...	...	15,215	...	...
Suitable	1,400,980	...	...	14,490	...	...
Not suitable	92,465	...	...	725	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	1,493,445	...	...	15,215	...	...
1960 or before	408,255	...	...	1,315	...	...
1961 to 1980	489,690	...	...	4,625	...	...
1981 to 1990	210,540	...	...	2,330	...	...
1991 to 2000	139,245	...	...	2,625	...	...
2001 to 2005	82,045	...	...	1,045	...	...
2006 to 2010	89,310	...	...	1,435	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	74,350	...	...	1,840	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	1,493,440	...	...	15,215	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	1,393,340	...	...	13,315	...	...
Major repairs needed	100,100	...	...	1,900	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	1,493,440	...	...	15,215	...	...
1 household maintainer	940,735	...	...	9,070	...	...
2 household maintainers	523,875	...	...	5,690	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	28,830	...	...	460	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	1,493,445	...	...	15,215	...	...
15 to 24 years	51,085	...	...	420	...	...
25 to 34 years	228,605	...	...	2,390	...	...
35 to 44 years	282,645	...	...	2,810	...	...
45 to 54 years	301,455	...	...	3,275	...	...
55 to 64 years	281,400	...	...	3,605	...	...
65 to 74 years	199,555	...	...	1,875	...	...
75 to 84 years	110,325	...	...	680	...	...
85 years and over	38,365	...	...	155	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	1,491,345	...	...	14,550	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	1,111,925	...	...	11,865	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	379,420	...	...	2,680	...	...
30% to less than 100%	326,480	...	...	2,345	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	792,065	...	...	9,590	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	63.7	...	...	59.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	16.0	...	...	12.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,194	...	...	1,239	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,283	...	...	1,325	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	324,403	...	...	358,721	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	383,731	...	...	371,716	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	701,275	...	...	5,005	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	8.2	...	...	25.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	36.1	...	...	29.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	781	...	...	967	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	848	...	...	1,038	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	2,857,030	1,385,465	1,471,565	28,875	14,310	14,565
No certificate, diploma or degree	491,785	240,535	251,245	4,715	2,635	2,080
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	611,030	295,005	316,025	6,835	3,325	3,505
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,754,215	849,920	904,300	17,335	8,350	8,985
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	358,465	207,255	151,210	3,145	2,450	695
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	259,375	133,375	126,000	1,230	785	445
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	99,090	73,880	25,205	1,915	1,665	255
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	497,000	223,425	273,570	6,120	2,520	3,600
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	115,785	48,355	67,425	825	320	500
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	782,965	370,880	412,085	7,250	3,060	4,195
Bachelor's degree	482,435	220,110	262,335	4,790	1,955	2,835
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	73,335	34,170	39,170	435	175	260
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	21,590	10,810	10,780	190	115	75
Master's degree	174,310	87,200	87,115	1,695	745	955
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	31,290	18,595	12,695	135	65	70
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	1,912,585	940,435	972,145	21,030	10,190	10,845
No certificate, diploma or degree	206,950	110,950	96,005	2,255	1,400	855
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	341,735	171,985	169,750	4,400	2,065	2,340
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,363,900	657,500	706,390	14,375	6,730	7,650
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	273,400	154,245	119,155	2,400	1,875	520
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	200,515	100,170	100,345	885	560	325
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	72,885	54,075	18,815	1,510	1,320	190
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	347,985	160,640	187,345	4,975	2,020	2,955
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	87,310	37,135	50,175	665	250	410
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	655,200	305,480	349,725	6,340	2,575	3,765
Bachelor's degree	401,200	182,205	218,990	4,190	1,660	2,530
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	60,400	27,015	33,380	380	140	235
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	17,110	7,535	9,575	165	90	75
Master's degree	151,140	74,420	76,720	1,500	625	870
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	25,355	14,310	11,050	110	55	60
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	2,857,030	1,385,465	1,471,565	28,880	14,315	14,565
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	1,102,810	535,545	567,270	11,545	5,960	5,585
Education	102,085	22,195	79,890	1,545	505	1,040
13. Education	102,085	22,195	79,890	1,545	505	1,040
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	94,275	44,290	49,985	525	215	305
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	13,840	10,310	3,530	60	50	10
50. Visual and performing arts	80,430	33,980	46,450	465	170	295
Humanities	116,935	44,455	72,485	840	375	470
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	20,775	4,560	16,215	90	15	70
23. English language and literature/letters	10,015	3,030	6,985	215	100	115
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	50,080	20,005	30,070	230	95	135
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	435	190	250	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	6,135	3,780	2,350	70	45	20
39. Theology and religious vocations	3,905	2,555	1,345	95	70	25
54. History	9,590	5,365	4,225	120	40	80
55. French language and literature/letters	16,000	4,955	11,040	20	0	20
Social and behavioural sciences and law	214,200	74,870	139,330	2,095	705	1,390
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	2,660	720	1,945	60	10	60
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	29,730	10,390	19,340	170	45	125
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	33,100	3,125	29,975	400	30	365
22. Legal professions and studies	39,735	15,560	24,175	290	140	150
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	4,545	1,105	3,440	45	10	35
42. Psychology	29,500	7,225	22,275	285	80	200
45. Social sciences	74,925	36,750	38,180	845	395	455
Business, management and public administration	421,125	173,085	248,040	3,310	960	2,350
30.16 Accounting and computer science	405	160	245	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	17,875	4,005	13,875	525	125	395
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	402,845	168,920	233,925	2,785	835	1,955
Physical and life sciences and technologies	79,455	42,570	36,885	690	360	330
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	29,100	11,835	17,265	380	195	190
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	14,900	8,725	6,180	95	45	50
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	8,800	4,465	4,330	10	0	10
40. Physical sciences	23,670	15,945	7,725	185	100	80
41. Science technologies/technicians	2,990	1,600	1,390	30	20	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	87,380	61,300	26,075	405	200	200
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	71,550	53,710	17,840	285	170	120
25. Library science	5,630	1,065	4,560	45	0	40
27. Mathematics and statistics	8,870	5,530	3,345	70	25	45
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	1,330	995	330	10	10	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	318,500	281,185	37,315	3,575	3,250	325
04. Architecture and related services	16,935	9,875	7,065	90	70	25
14. Engineering	100,950	81,795	19,160	470	365	100
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	53,920	48,495	5,425	520	455	65
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	35	10	25	10	0	10
46. Construction trades	58,165	56,225	1,940	1,210	1,150	55
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	55,545	53,570	1,980	990	955	40
48. Precision production	32,945	31,220	1,730	280	255	20
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	17,360	9,155	8,205	815	465	355
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	11,715	5,995	5,725	125	70	55
03. Natural resources and conservation	5,640	3,160	2,480	695	395	300
Health and related fields	202,960	44,940	158,020	2,200	515	1,690
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	11,855	5,975	5,875	215	90	125
51. Health professions and related programs	184,595	35,435	149,155	1,945	405	1,545
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	6,515	3,530	2,985	40	25	15
Personal, protective and transportation services	99,745	51,810	47,940	1,330	800	525
12. Personal and culinary services	58,480	17,360	41,120	640	215	425
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	100	90	10	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	380	370	15	10	0	0
43. Security and protective services	21,495	16,710	4,785	225	160	70
49. Transportation and materials moving	19,285	17,275	2,015	455	420	35
Other	205	70	130	0	10	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	200	70	135	10	10	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	1,912,580	940,435	972,145	21,030	10,190	10,845
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	548,685	282,930	265,755	6,655	3,460	3,195
Education	71,150	14,685	56,470	1,245	380	860
13. Education	71,150	14,680	56,470	1,250	385	865
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	74,475	35,380	39,095	480	200	275
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	10,710	7,805	2,905	55	50	10
50. Visual and performing arts	63,760	27,575	36,190	425	150	270
Humanities	78,605	29,915	48,690	675	300	380
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	16,430	3,580	12,850	70	20	55
23. English language and literature/letters	7,685	2,305	5,380	190	90	100
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	28,550	12,130	16,420	165	65	100
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	295	125	175	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	4,375	2,710	1,670	55	35	20
39. Theology and religious vocations	2,400	1,595	805	85	70	15
54. History	7,025	4,020	3,000	95	25	70
55. French language and literature/letters	11,835	3,450	8,390	20	0	15
Social and behavioural sciences and law	169,075	57,940	111,135	1,845	620	1,225
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	2,180	570	1,610	55	10	45
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	24,825	8,795	16,035	150	40	110
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	26,505	2,155	24,350	320	20	300
22. Legal professions and studies	32,380	11,895	20,485	280	130	145
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	3,130	775	2,355	40	10	35
42. Psychology	22,735	5,345	17,385	245	70	175
45. Social sciences	57,325	28,410	28,920	755	340	415
Business, management and public administration	341,060	137,975	203,080	2,750	750	1,995
30.16 Accounting and computer science	325	135	195	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	14,395	3,185	11,205	430	95	340
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	326,335	134,655	191,685	2,315	655	1,660
Physical and life sciences and technologies	53,615	27,870	25,745	615	310	310
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	24,020	9,525	14,495	330	165	165
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	7,635	4,415	3,225	85	40	45
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	1,880	1,085	790	10	0	10
40. Physical sciences	17,795	11,625	6,170	165	85	80
41. Science technologies/technicians	2,280	1,220	1,055	30	20	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	76,745	54,155	22,590	335	165	170
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	64,640	48,500	16,140	265	150	115
25. Library science	4,430	880	3,550	35	10	25
27. Mathematics and statistics	6,695	4,080	2,610	30	0	25
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	980	695	290	10	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	250,200	217,215	32,980	2,815	2,525	285
04. Architecture and related services	14,265	8,120	6,145	75	55	25
14. Engineering	86,415	68,905	17,510	385	295	85
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	41,310	36,800	4,510	415	360	60
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	35	10	20	10	0	15
46. Construction trades	42,255	40,600	1,655	1,000	940	55
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	41,825	40,155	1,670	735	695	35
48. Precision production	24,090	22,620	1,470	190	175	15
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	14,475	7,435	7,040	735	405	330
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	9,610	4,745	4,865	115	60	55
03. Natural resources and conservation	4,865	2,695	2,170	625	350	280
Health and related fields	156,205	34,180	122,020	1,840	435	1,400
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	9,755	4,855	4,900	185	75	115
51. Health professions and related programs	141,345	26,875	114,470	1,620	350	1,275
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	5,100	2,455	2,650	30	15	15
Personal, protective and transportation services	78,130	40,700	37,430	1,040	625	415
12. Personal and culinary services	45,060	13,130	31,935	510	175	330
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	65	55	10	10	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	245	230	10	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	16,750	12,945	3,805	180	125	55
49. Transportation and materials moving	16,010	14,335	1,670	345	320	25
Other	170	45	120	10	10	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	170	50	120	10	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	2,857,030	1,385,465	1,471,565	28,880	14,315	14,565
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,102,815	535,545	567,270	11,545	5,960	5,585
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	1,754,220	849,920	904,295	17,335	8,350	8,985
Location of study inside Canada	1,449,780	694,595	755,185	14,515	6,955	7,560
Same as province or territory of residence	1,398,585	667,795	730,785	3,915	1,885	2,030
Different than province or territory of residence	51,195	26,800	24,395	10,600	5,065	5,535
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	304,435	155,325	149,110	2,815	1,400	1,425
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	20,200	11,950	8,245	635	345	285
Philippines	11,735	3,385	8,350	570	210	360
India	6,475	3,485	2,990	105	65	40
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	8,760	5,040	3,720	265	115	150
China^{Census data footnote 162}	15,430	6,990	8,435	40	15	20
France	49,795	28,030	21,765	65	35	25
Other	192,050	96,455	95,600	1,145	610	535
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	1,912,585	940,435	972,145	21,035	10,190	10,845
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	548,685	282,930	265,750	6,655	3,460	3,195
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	1,363,895	657,505	706,395	14,380	6,730	7,650
Location of study inside Canada	1,113,230	532,330	580,900	12,045	5,585	6,465
Same as province or territory of residence	1,073,585	511,835	561,750	3,120	1,450	1,665
Different than province or territory of residence	39,645	20,490	19,150	8,925	4,130	4,795
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	250,670	125,175	125,495	2,335	1,145	1,185
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	14,585	8,310	6,275	460	245	215
Philippines	9,840	2,745	7,095	550	205	340
India	4,620	2,345	2,275	85	55	30
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	5,830	3,330	2,500	185	90	90
China^{Census data footnote 162}	13,835	6,185	7,650	25	10	20
France	41,955	23,255	18,695	55	30	20
Other	160,005	79,015	80,990	975	505	470
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	2,857,030	1,385,465	1,471,565	28,880	14,315	14,565
In the labour force	1,876,245	968,165	908,080	21,795	11,005	10,795
Employed	1,731,345	889,975	841,370	19,790	9,765	10,025
Unemployed	144,895	78,190	66,705	2,010	1,240	765
Not in the labour force	980,785	417,300	563,485	7,085	3,310	3,775
Participation rate	65.7	69.9	61.7	75.5	76.9	74.1
Employment rate	60.6	64.2	57.2	68.5	68.2	68.8
Unemployment rate	7.7	8.1	7.3	9.2	11.3	7.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	2,857,030	1,385,465	1,471,565	28,880	14,310	14,570
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	939,280	397,870	541,410	5,980	2,790	3,190
Worked	1,917,745	987,595	930,155	22,900	11,525	11,375
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	900,485	494,500	405,980	10,865	5,465	5,405
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	1,017,265	493,090	524,175	12,030	6,060	5,975
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.4	42.8	42.0	41.1	40.3	41.9
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	1,876,245	968,165	908,080	21,800	11,005	10,790
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	55,950	28,015	27,935	395	220	175
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	1,820,295	940,150	880,145	21,405	10,785	10,615
Employee	1,605,355	806,625	798,725	18,810	9,165	9,645
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	214,945	133,525	81,415	2,595	1,620	975
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	1,876,245	968,165	908,080	21,795	11,005	10,795
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	55,950	28,015	27,935	395	220	175
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	1,820,295	940,150	880,145	21,405	10,790	10,615
0 Management occupations	195,940	121,825	74,115	2,460	1,325	1,135
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	328,325	112,295	216,030	3,465	740	2,725
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	150,130	117,385	32,745	1,385	1,055	330
3 Health occupations	123,630	27,345	96,285	1,230	255	970
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	223,385	67,350	156,035	3,625	1,280	2,345
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	80,795	39,825	40,970	790	345	450
6 Sales and service occupations	446,655	218,635	228,020	3,955	1,660	2,300
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	188,645	177,420	11,225	3,650	3,400	250
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	10,395	8,765	1,630	505	450	50
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	72,400	49,305	23,095	350	285	60
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	1,876,240	968,165	908,080	21,795	11,005	10,790
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	55,950	28,010	27,940	395	220	175
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	1,820,295	940,150	880,140	21,405	10,785	10,620
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	5,575	3,470	2,105	245	190	55
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	2,160	1,615	545	505	440	70
22 Utilities	11,975	7,575	4,395	160	115	50
23 Construction	84,025	72,805	11,225	2,055	1,810	240
31-33 Manufacturing	176,725	121,710	55,015	335	230	105
41 Wholesale trade	85,240	52,785	32,455	325	240	85
44-45 Retail trade	217,870	105,690	112,185	1,975	1,015	960
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	88,900	66,225	22,675	1,060	765	300
51 Information and cultural industries	67,355	40,170	27,185	535	300	235
52 Finance and insurance	92,360	41,210	51,155	305	95	210
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	34,100	19,885	14,215	195	105	90
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	172,105	98,800	73,310	1,295	645	645
55 Management of companies and enterprises	2,425	915	1,510	20	10	15
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	88,710	53,180	35,530	565	330	235
61 Educational services	142,910	47,570	95,335	1,630	520	1,115
62 Health care and social assistance	221,370	45,755	175,610	2,070	400	1,670
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	42,295	22,175	20,115	600	285	310
72 Accommodation and food services	123,345	63,030	60,315	1,545	605	940
81 Other services (except public administration)	79,135	34,005	45,135	775	415	355
91 Public administration	81,695	41,575	40,125	5,205	2,280	2,925
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	1,731,345	889,975	841,375	19,790	9,765	10,025
Worked at home	115,440	59,135	56,310	1,420	770	655
Worked outside Canada	6,240	4,425	1,815	25	10	20
No fixed workplace address	147,265	106,145	41,125	2,330	1,795	540
Worked at usual place	1,462,395	720,270	742,130	16,010	7,200	8,815
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	1,462,395	720,270	742,130	16,010	7,195	8,815
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	749,930	353,160	396,760	13,510	6,025	7,485
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	206,610	101,195	105,415	2,265	1,040	1,225
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	500,850	262,820	238,030	0	0	0
Commute to a different province or territory	5,010	3,090	1,920	235	135	100
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	1,609,665	826,410	783,255	18,340	8,990	9,350
Car, truck, van - as a driver	1,013,430	563,125	450,305	13,990	7,130	6,860
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	51,850	17,375	34,475	1,095	385	710
Public transit	405,265	175,440	229,825	720	315	405
Walked	89,475	40,060	49,415	1,735	645	1,090
Bicycle	36,415	23,180	13,235	470	285	190
Other method	13,235	7,235	5,995	320	225	90
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	1,609,660	826,415	783,255	18,340	8,985	9,355
Less than 15 minutes	272,975	126,840	146,135	9,735	4,695	5,040
15 to 29 minutes	521,490	271,540	249,950	6,195	3,045	3,150
30 to 44 minutes	428,470	234,340	194,135	1,400	625	770
45 to 59 minutes	202,860	103,215	99,645	465	215	245
60 minutes and over	183,860	90,470	93,395	550	405	150
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	1,609,665	826,410	783,250	18,340	8,990	9,355
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	112,530	83,300	29,230	520	335	180
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	272,180	156,545	115,625	1,930	1,150	780
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	451,420	205,525	245,895	6,185	3,220	2,965
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	340,865	152,480	188,385	5,785	2,450	3,335
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	195,405	91,290	104,120	1,905	805	1,100
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	237,265	137,265	100,000	2,015	1,020	990
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	1,978,240	1,016,915	961,325	23,495	11,810	11,685
Single responses	1,726,980	883,560	843,425	23,325	11,735	11,595
Official languages	1,708,380	874,295	834,080	23,230	11,695	11,540
English	387,615	208,840	178,775	22,970	11,600	11,370
French	1,320,765	665,460	655,305	260	95	165
Non-official languages	18,605	9,260	9,345	95	35	55
Aboriginal languages	55	10	40	25	10	15
Algonquian languages	25	10	15	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	30	10	15	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	15	15	10	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	20	10	15
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	10	10
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	25	0	25	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	30	0	25	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	18,550	9,245	9,300	70	30	40
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,760	1,030	730	0	0	0
Berber languages	35	0	25	0	0	0
Kabyle	20	0	15	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,725	1,020	705	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	1,585	955	630	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	10	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	140	70	70	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,585	795	795	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	255	115	140	0	0	0
Vietnamese	1,335	685	650	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	135	65	70	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	10	10	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	115	50	60	0	0	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	255	80	175	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	10	0	10	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	240	70	170	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	150	75	75	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	145	75	70	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	8,020	3,890	4,135	25	10	15
Albanian	20	15	0	0	0	0
Armenian	280	135	145	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,020	445	575	0	0	0
Baltic languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Latvian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	1,000	435	565	10	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	45	10	30	0	0	0
Croatian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Czech	10	0	10	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	155	60	95	0	0	0
Russian	665	310	350	10	0	0
Serbian	15	10	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	110	40	70	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,090	450	630	20	10	10
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	10	10	10	0	0	0
Dutch	20	10	15	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	195	70	120	15	10	10
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	10	0	10	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	850	370	480	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	515	260	255	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,225	705	520	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	635	365	275	0	0	0
Bengali	100	75	30	0	0	0
Gujarati	20	10	10	0	0	0
Hindi	35	25	15	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	410	225	190	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	75	40	35	0	0	0
Iranian languages	585	335	245	0	0	0
Kurdish	10	0	10	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	570	340	230	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,885	1,885	2,005	0	0	0
Catalan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Italian	560	300	260	0	0	0
Portuguese	510	300	215	0	0	0
Romanian	305	135	165	0	0	0
Spanish	2,500	1,140	1,360	0	0	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	215	75	140	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Korean	295	145	150	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	20	15	10	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	15	10	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	95	35	70	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	60	10	55	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	35	25	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5,795	2,970	2,820	25	15	15
Chinese languages	5,795	2,970	2,825	25	15	15
Cantonese	2,600	1,290	1,310	20	15	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	2,910	1,530	1,380	10	0	10
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	70	35	35	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	200	105	95	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	65	25	40	0	0	0
Lao	50	20	25	0	0	0
Thai	15	0	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	100	50	45	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	10	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	90	45	50	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	40	0	30	10	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	40	10	35	10	10	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	251,260	133,360	117,895	165	75	90
English and French	229,525	122,235	107,295	75	35	40
English and non-official language	5,745	3,285	2,460	80	35	45
French and non-official language	5,355	2,480	2,875	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	10,630	5,360	5,270	10	0	10
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	1,978,240	1,016,915	961,320	23,495	11,810	11,685
None	1,138,970	572,880	566,090	21,950	11,185	10,765
English	560,025	296,475	263,550	210	80	130
French	223,325	118,290	105,040	825	330	500
Non-official language	37,570	19,885	17,685	475	205	275
Aboriginal	150	60	90	175	70	105
Non-Aboriginal	37,420	19,825	17,595	305	135	170
English and French	1,470	690	780	0	0	0
English and non-official language	11,175	5,485	5,690	0	0	0
French and non-official language	5,645	3,180	2,470	20	10	15
English, French and non-official language	45	30	15	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	3,403,225	1,664,265	1,738,960	34,705	17,450	17,250
Non-movers	2,974,895	1,452,100	1,522,800	28,875	14,450	14,430
Movers	428,325	212,165	216,160	5,825	3,005	2,825
Non-migrants	265,230	131,400	133,830	3,635	1,895	1,740
Migrants	163,090	80,765	82,325	2,190	1,110	1,085
Internal migrants	114,820	56,515	58,300	1,945	990	955
Intraprovincial migrants	103,915	50,710	53,210	545	265	285
Interprovincial migrants	10,905	5,810	5,095	1,400	725	670
External migrants	48,270	24,245	24,030	250	115	130
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	3,244,940	1,583,295	1,661,650	32,990	16,505	16,480
Non-movers	1,979,750	960,675	1,019,075	18,040	9,060	8,980
Movers	1,265,195	622,620	642,575	14,945	7,450	7,495
Non-migrants	716,775	352,890	363,890	8,245	4,195	4,050
Migrants	548,415	269,735	278,685	6,700	3,260	3,445
Internal migrants	356,905	173,875	183,025	5,515	2,675	2,830
Intraprovincial migrants	330,025	160,425	169,600	1,235	590	640
Interprovincial migrants	26,880	13,455	13,425	4,285	2,090	2,195
External migrants	191,515	95,855	95,660	1,190	575	615

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

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Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

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Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

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Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

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Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

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Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

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Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

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Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

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Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

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Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

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Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

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Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

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Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Montréal [Population centre], Quebec and Yukon [Territory] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 9, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Montréal [Population centre], Quebec and Yukon [Territory]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Montréal [Population centre], Quebec and Yukon [Territory]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Montréal [Population centre], Quebec and Yukon [Territory]