Census Profile, 2016 Census
Oshawa [Population centre], Ontario and Alberta [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Oshawa Ontario [Population centre]			Alberta [Province]
	Data quality , Oshawa [Population centre], Ontario Map : Oshawa [Population centre], Ontario Change geography 1			Data quality : Alberta [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	308,875	...	...	4,067,175	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	290,704 ^r	...	...	3,645,257	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	6.3	...	...	11.6	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	116,268	...	...	1,654,129	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	113,297	...	...	1,527,678	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,998.3	...	...	6.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	154.57	...	...	640,330.46	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	308,870	150,505	158,365	4,067,175	2,039,410	2,027,765
0 to 14 years	56,210	28,825	27,380	779,155	399,570	379,580
0 to 4 years	17,335	8,900	8,440	266,515	136,520	129,995
5 to 9 years	19,420	9,920	9,500	270,715	138,990	131,725
10 to 14 years	19,455	10,010	9,445	241,920	124,060	117,860
15 to 64 years	207,870	101,970	105,895	2,787,805	1,408,150	1,379,655
15 to 19 years	19,950	10,070	9,880	240,035	123,625	116,410
20 to 24 years	20,485	10,545	9,940	261,830	133,990	127,840
25 to 29 years	18,135	9,190	8,945	310,940	156,715	154,225
30 to 34 years	19,180	9,345	9,840	333,175	167,555	165,620
35 to 39 years	20,210	9,535	10,670	305,505	153,655	151,850
40 to 44 years	21,555	10,400	11,150	281,205	142,545	138,660
45 to 49 years	22,715	10,935	11,780	269,030	135,855	133,180
50 to 54 years	25,885	12,655	13,230	284,310	142,205	142,100
55 to 59 years	22,385	11,030	11,355	275,540	138,565	136,970
60 to 64 years	17,365	8,255	9,110	226,230	113,440	112,790
65 years and over	44,795	19,710	25,090	500,215	231,690	268,530
65 to 69 years	14,950	6,935	8,015	173,680	85,500	88,180
70 to 74 years	10,450	4,900	5,550	117,035	56,430	60,610
75 to 79 years	7,640	3,370	4,270	83,955	39,105	44,845
80 to 84 years	5,770	2,500	3,270	62,165	27,590	34,575
85 years and over	5,985	2,005	3,980	63,385	23,065	40,320
85 to 89 years	3,765	1,400	2,365	39,965	16,050	23,915
90 to 94 years	1,760	510	1,255	18,025	5,755	12,275
95 to 99 years	405	85	315	4,735	1,145	3,595
100 years and over	60	15	45	650	115	535
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.2	19.2	17.3	19.2	19.6	18.7
15 to 64 years	67.3	67.8	66.9	68.5	69.0	68.0
65 years and over	14.5	13.1	15.8	12.3	11.4	13.2
85 years and over	1.9	1.3	2.5	1.6	1.1	2.0
Average age of the population	39.5	38.5	40.6	37.8	37.2	38.4
Median age of the population	40.1	38.9	41.1	36.7	36.2	37.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	113,300	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
Single-detached house	70,795	...	...	946,225	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	10,340	...	...	62,395	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	32,150	...	...	471,090	...	...
Semi-detached house	6,625	...	...	86,765	...	...
Row house	12,140	...	...	116,625	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	4,555	...	...	43,090	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	8,665	...	...	223,360	...	...
Other single-attached house	160	...	...	1,245	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	10	...	...	47,970	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	113,295	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
1 person	24,895	...	...	366,080	...	...
2 persons	35,030	...	...	524,415	...	...
3 persons	20,590	...	...	245,075	...	...
4 persons	20,930	...	...	233,770	...	...
5 or more persons	11,855	...	...	158,335	...	...
Number of persons in private households	305,320	...	...	3,978,145	...	...
Average household size	2.7	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	252,660	121,675	130,985	3,288,020	1,639,835	1,648,185
Married or living common law	144,075	71,950	72,120	1,969,300	988,410	980,895
Married	121,020	60,445	60,575	1,648,945	828,155	820,790
Living common law	23,055	11,510	11,550	320,350	160,250	160,100
Not married and not living common law	108,585	49,725	58,865	1,318,720	651,430	667,290
Never married	70,820	37,630	33,195	905,700	505,310	400,390
Separated	8,690	3,550	5,140	76,150	34,000	42,150
Divorced	15,705	5,780	9,925	195,850	82,040	113,815
Widowed	13,370	2,770	10,600	141,020	30,080	110,940
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	88,120	...	...	1,114,585	...	...
2 persons	38,965	...	...	540,850	...	...
3 persons	20,870	...	...	235,245	...	...
4 persons	20,335	...	...	227,165	...	...
5 or more persons	7,950	...	...	111,330	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	88,120	...	...	1,114,585	...	...
Total couple families	70,810	...	...	953,325	...	...
Married couples	59,290	...	...	793,195	...	...
Common-law couples	11,520	...	...	160,130	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	17,305	...	...	161,260	...	...
Female parent	13,810	...	...	123,490	...	...
Male parent	3,500	...	...	37,770	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	70,810	...	...	953,325	...	...
Couples without children	28,850	...	...	443,665	...	...
Couples with children	41,960	...	...	509,655	...	...
1 child	15,660	...	...	190,010	...	...
2 children	18,795	...	...	213,910	...	...
3 or more children	7,505	...	...	105,735	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	17,305	...	...	161,260	...	...
1 child	10,115	...	...	97,180	...	...
2 children	5,210	...	...	45,235	...	...
3 or more children	1,985	...	...	18,845	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	41,490	19,335	22,150	678,535	356,875	321,655
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	113,295	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
One-census-family households	81,475	...	...	1,039,985	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	26,375	...	...	414,570	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	55,100	...	...	625,415	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	3,250	...	...	36,120	...	...
Non-census-family households	28,575	...	...	451,570	...	...
One-person households	24,895	...	...	366,080	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	3,680	...	...	85,490	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	306,450	149,630	156,820	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140
English only	281,545	139,105	142,430	3,698,765	1,869,670	1,829,095
French only	240	110	135	3,895	1,725	2,165
English and French	22,550	9,590	12,965	264,720	124,400	140,315
Neither English nor French	2,115	830	1,290	59,280	24,715	34,565
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	306,455	149,635	156,820	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140
English	298,030	145,865	152,160	3,880,685	1,950,980	1,929,705
French	5,385	2,540	2,840	71,535	37,205	34,330
English and French	1,010	445	565	16,605	8,350	8,255
Neither English nor French	2,035	785	1,250	57,830	23,970	33,860
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	5,890	2,765	3,120	79,840	41,380	38,455
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.9	1.8	2.0	2.0	2.0	1.9
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	306,455	149,635	156,820	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140
Single responses	301,280	147,155	154,125	3,934,580	1,975,615	1,958,970
Official languages	261,250	128,085	133,165	3,063,640	1,552,475	1,511,165
English	255,790	125,500	130,285	2,991,485	1,515,025	1,476,460
French	5,460	2,580	2,880	72,150	37,450	34,705
Non-official languages	40,030	19,075	20,955	870,940	423,140	447,805
Aboriginal languages	35	10	15	23,835	11,290	12,550
Algonquian languages	15	5	10	18,295	8,665	9,630
Blackfoot	0	0	0	2,750	1,305	1,445
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	5	5	14,960	7,105	7,850
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	5	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	10	0	5
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	50	15	35
Plains Cree	0	0	0	720	280	435
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	5	5	0	50	20	35
Woods Cree	0	0	0	910	430	480
Cree, n.o.s.	0	5	0	13,220	6,355	6,865
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	30	15	15
Malecite	0	0	0	0	5	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	35	20	15
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	5	550	235	315
Algonquin	0	0	0	5	0	5
Ojibway	5	0	5	525	230	300
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	15	5	15
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	1,865	865	1,000
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	1,855	860	990
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	35	15	15
Carrier	5	0	0	15	0	15
Chilcotin	0	0	0	5	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	1,470	710	760
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	40	10	30
Gwich'in	0	0	0	15	5	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	70	20	45
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	200	90	115
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	10	5	10
South Slavey	0	0	0	155	70	80
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35	15	25
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	5	0	5	120	35	85
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	25	5	10
Inuktitut	5	0	0	60	20	45
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	10	30
Iroquoian languages	5	5	5	10	10	5
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	5	5	5	5	5	5
Oneida	0	0	0	0	5	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Kutenai	0	0	0	5	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	80	45	35
Salish languages	0	0	0	15	5	10
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	5	5
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	5	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Siouan languages	0	0	0	3,370	1,630	1,745
Dakota	0	0	0	350	165	185
Stoney	0	0	0	3,020	1,460	1,555
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	15	5	5
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	5	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	5	5	5	55	30	25
Non-Aboriginal languages	40,000	19,060	20,940	847,105	411,850	435,255
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,985	1,055	930	68,415	36,215	32,200
Berber languages	5	0	0	340	190	145
Kabyle	0	0	0	165	90	75
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	175	100	75
Cushitic languages	45	25	25	12,525	6,495	6,030
Bilen	0	0	0	315	185	130
Oromo	10	5	0	2,650	1,375	1,275
Somali	35	15	20	9,520	4,915	4,605
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	20	20
Semitic languages	1,935	1,030	905	55,425	29,450	25,980
Amharic	65	35	30	7,320	3,605	3,720
Arabic	1,565	860	705	40,540	21,840	18,705
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15	5	5	400	210	190
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	0	5	145	80	65
Harari	10	5	5	260	135	120
Hebrew	25	10	10	960	505	460
Maltese	205	95	110	75	30	40
Tigrigna	30	15	15	5,415	2,880	2,535
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	20	5	15	305	155	145
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	130	80	50
Austro-Asiatic languages	460	200	255	25,295	11,760	13,535
Khmer (Cambodian)	35	15	15	1,925	910	1,010
Vietnamese	420	185	235	23,350	10,840	12,505
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5	0	5	25	10	15
Austronesian languages	2,220	860	1,355	115,405	50,190	65,210
Bikol	5	0	5	425	205	225
Cebuano	75	25	55	5,135	2,155	2,980
Fijian	0	0	0	125	75	50
Hiligaynon	25	10	15	1,500	640	855
Ilocano	55	25	30	5,350	2,310	3,040
Malagasy	5	0	5	35	10	25
Malay	60	25	35	1,460	615	845
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	5	5	765	370	390
Pangasinan	5	0	5	290	115	175
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,955	750	1,200	99,035	43,120	55,920
Waray-Waray	5	0	5	305	145	160
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	980	430	550
Creole languages	160	70	90	1,895	990	910
Haitian Creole	20	10	10	95	45	50
Creole, n.o.s.	65	25	40	1,175	640	540
Creole languages, n.i.e.	75	35	40	625	305	325
Dravidian languages	2,015	995	1,025	13,490	7,075	6,415
Kannada	35	15	15	535	270	265
Malayalam	235	130	110	6,345	3,285	3,060
Tamil	1,630	795	840	4,430	2,360	2,070
Telugu	110	55	55	2,130	1,135	995
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	50	25	25
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	105	55	45
Indo-European languages	27,215	13,105	14,110	442,685	220,330	222,355
Albanian	95	50	45	2,345	1,270	1,075
Armenian	125	55	70	500	250	245
Balto-Slavic languages	6,555	2,955	3,595	80,330	37,750	42,580
Baltic languages	105	50	55	1,010	475	535
Latvian	55	25	30	415	195	220
Lithuanian	50	20	25	600	285	315
Slavic languages	6,450	2,910	3,540	79,325	37,275	42,050
Belarusan	5	5	5	65	30	30
Bosnian	20	10	10	1,835	915	920
Bulgarian	65	25	35	1,545	790	755
Croatian	345	180	170	4,655	2,340	2,320
Czech	120	60	60	3,000	1,430	1,575
Macedonian	635	315	320	360	185	175
Polish	2,865	1,250	1,610	20,130	9,425	10,705
Russian	635	260	375	17,810	8,150	9,665
Serbian	385	205	180	4,020	2,035	1,985
Serbo-Croatian	40	25	20	970	480	485
Slovak	170	65	105	2,185	1,070	1,115
Slovene (Slovenian)	170	80	90	695	320	370
Ukrainian	960	415	550	21,835	9,985	11,850
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	215	120	100
Celtic languages	45	20	25	370	200	170
Scottish Gaelic	20	10	10	135	70	65
Welsh	20	10	15	175	85	80
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	65	40	25
Germanic languages	3,085	1,375	1,710	104,260	51,525	52,735
Afrikaans	70	30	40	3,010	1,475	1,535
Danish	85	40	40	2,380	1,245	1,135
Dutch	1,135	510	620	16,135	8,095	8,045
Frisian	30	15	15	360	200	160
German	1,655	725	930	80,050	39,435	40,615
Icelandic	5	0	5	115	55	60
Norwegian	25	10	10	815	370	445
Swedish	45	30	20	875	405	470
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	10	15	320	150	170
Yiddish	5	5	0	140	70	70
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	55	30	25
Greek	1,065	540	525	3,130	1,655	1,475
Indo-Iranian languages	7,500	3,795	3,700	166,805	85,250	81,560
Indo-Aryan languages	5,660	2,840	2,815	145,900	74,320	71,580
Bengali	475	245	235	7,000	3,630	3,370
Gujarati	815	405	410	13,140	6,785	6,355
Hindi	550	275	275	17,055	8,675	8,385
Kashmiri	0	0	0	105	60	50
Konkani	20	10	10	370	190	185
Marathi	50	25	25	1,510	775	730
Nepali	15	5	10	5,175	2,690	2,490
Oriya (Odia)	10	10	0	190	100	90
Punjabi (Panjabi)	745	385	360	68,695	34,935	33,760
Sindhi	90	40	50	2,770	1,300	1,475
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	175	80	95	2,590	1,320	1,265
Urdu	2,705	1,360	1,350	27,295	13,865	13,430
Iranian languages	1,805	940	865	19,600	10,235	9,365
Kurdish	35	20	10	1,550	845	705
Pashto	165	90	80	2,560	1,320	1,235
Persian (Farsi)	1,605	830	775	15,490	8,070	7,425
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	30	15	20	1,310	695	615
Italic (Romance) languages	8,750	4,305	4,445	84,940	42,425	42,515
Catalan	5	5	5	75	30	45
Italian	3,275	1,700	1,580	11,375	5,760	5,615
Portuguese	1,950	950	1,000	9,050	4,380	4,670
Romanian	615	275	340	8,035	4,080	3,955
Spanish	2,900	1,380	1,520	56,370	28,160	28,205
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	35	20	15
Japanese	105	40	65	4,875	1,715	3,160
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	230	130	105
Georgian	0	0	0	230	130	100
Korean	360	180	180	17,920	8,485	9,435
Mongolic languages	0	5	0	545	255	290
Mongolian	5	5	5	540	255	290
Niger-Congo languages	540	260	280	15,360	7,870	7,495
Akan (Twi)	85	35	50	1,755	915	835
Bamanankan	5	0	0	35	20	15
Edo	10	5	5	275	155	120
Ewe	10	5	0	245	145	100
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	5	5	230	120	100
Ga	15	5	5	145	80	65
Ganda	10	5	5	280	145	135
Igbo	55	30	25	1,165	625	540
Lingala	15	5	5	270	130	140
Rundi (Kirundi)	20	5	15	605	305	295
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	10	5	805	405	400
Shona	40	20	25	1,100	545	555
Swahili	75	40	40	2,380	1,160	1,215
Wolof	0	0	0	280	165	110
Yoruba	85	45	40	2,435	1,305	1,125
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	100	50	50	3,370	1,640	1,735
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	5	2,720	1,395	1,330
Dinka	0	0	0	1,345	705	640
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	1,375	685	690
Sign languages	80	30	45	830	440	390
American Sign Language	35	15	20	335	165	165
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	45	20	25	495	275	225
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,560	1,645	1,915	122,450	57,740	64,705
Chinese languages	3,540	1,635	1,910	120,375	56,675	63,700
Cantonese	1,365	635	730	59,145	27,755	31,385
Hakka	35	15	20	990	465	530
Mandarin	1,900	880	1,020	50,660	23,940	26,720
Min Dong	5	5	5	115	50	65
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	60	25	35	3,060	1,375	1,695
Wu (Shanghainese)	40	25	20	630	305	330
Chinese, n.o.s.	130	55	80	5,725	2,770	2,955
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	25
Tibeto-Burman languages	20	10	5	2,075	1,065	1,005
Burmese	5	5	0	430	230	200
Karenic languages	0	0	0	795	415	380
Tibetan	5	5	0	575	295	275
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	275	130	140
Tai-Kadai languages	155	65	90	2,670	955	1,710
Lao	40	20	25	1,020	485	535
Thai	115	45	70	1,630	465	1,165
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	20	10	15
Turkic languages	145	75	65	4,050	2,250	1,800
Azerbaijani	10	5	5	365	215	155
Turkish	125	65	60	3,140	1,760	1,375
Uyghur	5	5	5	130	70	60
Uzbek	0	0	0	205	115	90
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	215	95	120
Uralic languages	975	470	505	7,470	3,600	3,870
Estonian	65	45	30	190	90	105
Finnish	120	50	70	810	330	480
Hungarian	785	375	405	6,470	3,185	3,285
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	690	415	280
Multiple responses	5,170	2,475	2,695	92,070	44,900	47,175
English and French	925	440	485	10,230	4,950	5,280
English and non-official language	3,955	1,895	2,060	77,520	37,815	39,705
French and non-official language	160	80	80	2,685	1,375	1,305
English, French and non-official language	130	60	70	1,640	760	880
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	306,455	149,635	156,820	4,026,655	2,020,510	2,006,145
Single responses	296,925	145,080	151,840	3,837,615	1,928,230	1,909,385
Official languages	280,535	137,320	143,215	3,354,885	1,690,490	1,664,395
English	278,415	136,310	142,110	3,327,255	1,676,360	1,650,895
French	2,115	1,010	1,110	27,630	14,130	13,500
Non-official languages	16,385	7,760	8,630	482,725	237,740	244,990
Aboriginal languages	5	0	5	9,970	4,940	5,020
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	7,175	3,575	3,605
Blackfoot	0	0	0	1,110	555	555
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	5,875	2,925	2,945
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	20	10	10
Plains Cree	0	0	0	125	60	60
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	5	0	5
Woods Cree	0	0	0	600	300	295
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5,120	2,540	2,575
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	190	95	95
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	185	90	95
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	620	320	300
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	620	325	300
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	10	5	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	540	280	260
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	5	0	5
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	60	35	30
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	55	30	25
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	5	0	0	10	0	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	5	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	10	5	5
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	2,125	1,025	1,095
Dakota	0	0	0	175	85	85
Stoney	0	0	0	1,945	935	1,010
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	15	10
Non-Aboriginal languages	16,385	7,755	8,630	472,760	232,800	239,965
Afro-Asiatic languages	830	415	410	43,770	22,535	21,235
Berber languages	0	0	0	200	105	95
Kabyle	0	0	0	90	45	40
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	60	45
Cushitic languages	30	10	15	9,220	4,750	4,470
Bilen	0	0	0	280	160	115
Oromo	5	5	0	2,075	1,060	1,015
Somali	20	10	15	6,850	3,520	3,325
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	10
Semitic languages	795	400	395	34,310	17,660	16,655
Amharic	15	5	10	4,915	2,390	2,530
Arabic	700	355	345	24,230	12,555	11,675
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	5	5	260	130	130
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5	0	5	95	50	40
Harari	5	0	0	165	80	85
Hebrew	0	0	0	460	235	225
Maltese	45	20	25	15	10	10
Tigrigna	5	5	5	3,955	2,095	1,860
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	210	110	100
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	20
Austro-Asiatic languages	280	120	155	16,355	7,635	8,715
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	5	5	960	460	500
Vietnamese	265	115	150	15,380	7,175	8,205
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	15	0	10
Austronesian languages	650	290	355	60,860	28,765	32,100
Bikol	0	0	0	70	40	35
Cebuano	25	10	15	2,110	1,015	1,090
Fijian	0	0	0	45	25	20
Hiligaynon	10	0	5	470	215	255
Ilocano	5	5	5	1,975	935	1,035
Malagasy	5	0	0	20	10	10
Malay	5	0	5	405	205	195
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0	0	220	110	110
Pangasinan	0	0	0	45	20	30
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	595	270	325	55,105	26,005	29,100
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	125	60	60
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	280	120	155
Creole languages	45	20	20	970	495	475
Haitian Creole	10	10	5	50	25	25
Creole, n.o.s.	15	5	10	655	345	310
Creole languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	270	125	140
Dravidian languages	1,265	605	660	8,460	4,335	4,125
Kannada	5	5	5	210	105	105
Malayalam	130	75	55	4,060	2,070	1,990
Tamil	1,065	500	570	2,915	1,515	1,395
Telugu	65	30	35	1,245	635	615
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	15
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	70	35	35
Indo-European languages	10,160	4,780	5,385	230,270	115,280	114,995
Albanian	45	25	20	1,060	570	485
Armenian	55	25	30	215	115	105
Balto-Slavic languages	2,360	1,055	1,305	30,220	14,820	15,400
Baltic languages	15	10	10	410	210	200
Latvian	5	5	0	165	85	80
Lithuanian	10	5	5	250	125	120
Slavic languages	2,340	1,045	1,295	29,815	14,610	15,205
Belarusan	5	0	0	15	10	5
Bosnian	5	5	5	785	400	385
Bulgarian	30	15	15	825	415	405
Croatian	80	40	45	1,800	905	895
Czech	20	10	10	875	440	430
Macedonian	165	70	95	175	90	85
Polish	1,195	545	650	7,705	3,675	4,030
Russian	320	140	185	10,145	4,965	5,175
Serbian	190	90	100	2,100	1,045	1,055
Serbo-Croatian	15	10	5	315	160	155
Slovak	40	20	20	710	345	365
Slovene (Slovenian)	35	15	20	150	70	75
Ukrainian	235	90	145	4,180	2,060	2,110
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	55	30	25
Celtic languages	5	0	5	40	25	15
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	0	15	15	5
Welsh	0	0	0	15	5	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	0
Germanic languages	240	95	145	40,915	20,280	20,625
Afrikaans	20	10	10	1,705	835	875
Danish	5	0	0	150	75	75
Dutch	65	25	40	1,980	985	1,000
Frisian	0	0	5	60	30	30
German	145	60	90	36,295	18,010	18,290
Icelandic	5	0	0	30	15	15
Norwegian	0	0	0	60	20	35
Swedish	5	0	0	145	65	80
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	60	30	25
Yiddish	0	0	0	15	5	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	425	215	210
Greek	295	140	150	1,015	490	525
Indo-Iranian languages	4,055	1,970	2,085	111,975	56,535	55,445
Indo-Aryan languages	3,020	1,475	1,545	98,610	49,790	48,815
Bengali	250	125	130	4,530	2,300	2,225
Gujarati	395	185	210	8,025	4,085	3,935
Hindi	240	110	130	9,945	5,115	4,825
Kashmiri	0	0	0	50	20	25
Konkani	10	5	0	75	40	40
Marathi	35	15	15	845	440	405
Nepali	10	5	5	3,710	1,905	1,805
Oriya (Odia)	10	5	0	95	50	45
Punjabi (Panjabi)	385	195	195	51,010	25,720	25,295
Sindhi	25	15	15	1,240	575	665
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	60	30	30	1,480	750	730
Urdu	1,600	785	815	17,600	8,795	8,810
Iranian languages	1,030	495	535	12,720	6,415	6,305
Kurdish	20	5	5	850	440	410
Pashto	90	45	45	1,640	845	795
Persian (Farsi)	925	440	480	10,230	5,135	5,100
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	650	325	325
Italic (Romance) languages	3,115	1,465	1,650	44,830	22,445	22,385
Catalan	0	0	0	35	10	20
Italian	830	365	465	2,840	1,275	1,560
Portuguese	665	305	355	3,905	1,875	2,030
Romanian	285	130	150	4,135	2,115	2,020
Spanish	1,340	660	680	33,910	17,160	16,755
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Japanese	50	20	25	2,245	945	1,300
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	160	85	70
Georgian	0	0	0	160	85	70
Korean	200	105	100	12,775	6,205	6,570
Mongolic languages	5	0	5	335	160	175
Mongolian	5	0	5	335	155	175
Niger-Congo languages	120	55	65	5,600	2,725	2,875
Akan (Twi)	20	10	10	845	415	430
Bamanankan	0	0	0	10	10	0
Edo	0	0	0	70	35	35
Ewe	0	0	0	80	45	35
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	5	105	55	45
Ga	0	0	0	40	20	20
Ganda	0	0	5	95	50	50
Igbo	10	5	0	265	125	145
Lingala	5	5	0	85	35	45
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	5	5	280	135	145
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	0	5	350	175	170
Shona	0	5	0	410	190	225
Swahili	10	5	5	1,090	530	565
Wolof	0	0	0	170	95	75
Yoruba	15	10	10	690	340	350
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	1,015	485	535
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	1,525	765	755
Dinka	0	0	0	800	420	380
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	725	350	375
Sign languages	130	75	55	1,095	630	465
American Sign Language	45	20	20	325	170	155
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	85	55	35	765	455	310
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,280	1,095	1,180	82,380	39,230	43,155
Chinese languages	2,275	1,090	1,180	80,880	38,455	42,420
Cantonese	775	365	405	38,275	17,810	20,460
Hakka	10	5	5	315	135	185
Mandarin	1,370	655	715	37,125	18,030	19,095
Min Dong	5	0	0	20	5	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	10	10	1,245	540	705
Wu (Shanghainese)	20	10	10	340	175	165
Chinese, n.o.s.	85	40	35	3,550	1,760	1,785
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	5	0	1,500	770	730
Burmese	0	0	0	280	145	130
Karenic languages	0	0	0	665	340	320
Tibetan	5	5	0	420	220	200
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	140	65	75
Tai-Kadai languages	95	40	50	1,130	505	625
Lao	20	5	15	465	215	245
Thai	75	30	40	655	285	370
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	10	5	10
Turkic languages	65	30	30	2,390	1,270	1,120
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	155	90	75
Turkish	55	30	25	1,945	1,030	915
Uyghur	5	0	5	80	45	40
Uzbek	0	0	0	135	70	65
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	35	25
Uralic languages	225	105	120	2,130	1,040	1,085
Estonian	0	0	0	25	10	15
Finnish	10	5	5	105	50	50
Hungarian	210	100	115	1,995	980	1,015
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	240	140	95
Multiple responses	9,530	4,555	4,980	189,040	92,280	96,760
English and French	735	325	405	6,885	3,410	3,475
English and non-official language	8,505	4,090	4,415	178,070	86,895	91,170
French and non-official language	55	30	30	1,125	540	580
English, French and non-official language	235	110	125	2,965	1,430	1,530
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	306,450	149,635	156,820	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140
None	279,305	136,955	142,355	3,492,295	1,760,240	1,732,055
English	8,570	4,195	4,370	221,305	110,655	110,650
French	3,930	1,610	2,320	41,840	19,470	22,375
Non-official language	14,155	6,650	7,505	262,255	125,640	136,615
Aboriginal	40	20	25	17,430	8,325	9,105
Non-Aboriginal	14,110	6,635	7,480	244,825	117,315	127,510
English and French	90	35	55	1,535	775	760
English and non-official language	175	85	90	4,545	2,345	2,195
French and non-official language	225	95	130	2,795	1,340	1,455
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	85	50	40
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	249,200	120,355	128,840	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,360
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	237,025	114,565	122,455	3,053,470	1,528,275	1,525,190
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,288	45,552	30,448	42,717	54,891	33,213
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	237,105	114,570	122,535	3,054,135	1,528,420	1,525,715
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,601	40,082	28,027	38,067	47,131	30,478
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	212,645	105,190	107,450	2,839,590	1,458,560	1,381,030
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,236	45,045	28,220	42,330	54,528	32,099
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	169,335	73,845	95,485	1,785,065	711,210	1,073,855
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	4,357	2,055	5,629	4,093	3,834	4,185
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	181,770	93,550	88,220	2,473,665	1,301,630	1,172,030
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,046	44,323	31,266	42,679	54,361	32,982
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	249,305	120,360	128,945	3,206,045	1,602,810	1,603,235
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	236,940	114,315	122,625	3,054,555	1,528,100	1,526,455
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	48,047	57,258	39,461	62,778	80,001	45,535
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	237,050	114,320	122,730	3,055,230	1,528,240	1,526,995
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,666	46,182	33,597	50,683	62,938	38,417
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	212,355	104,865	107,490	2,840,675	1,458,210	1,382,465
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	47,724	57,761	37,933	62,997	80,282	44,766
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	169,215	73,600	95,615	1,784,345	710,105	1,074,240
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,387	6,637	7,965	7,175	7,298	7,093
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	181,890	93,375	88,515	2,473,665	1,299,805	1,173,855
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	47,273	54,887	39,240	59,343	74,073	43,031
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	249,305	120,360	128,945	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	88,700	49,340	39,370	1,152,385	669,770	482,615
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	60,172	66,671	53,529	64,090	73,781	53,836
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	69,160	76,995	59,340	81,586	94,822	63,218
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	89.0	92.5	84.3	93.3	95.8	89.1
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	75.3	78.2	71.5	76.5	78.9	72.3
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	11.0	7.5	15.7	6.7	4.2	10.9
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	249,200	120,355	128,845	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,360
Without total income	12,180	5,790	6,390	152,585	74,410	78,170
With total income	237,025	114,570	122,450	3,053,470	1,528,280	1,525,190
Percentage with total income	95.1	95.2	95.0	95.2	95.4	95.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	34,370	14,715	19,660	389,580	146,450	243,130
$10,000 to $19,999	37,445	14,445	22,995	385,235	147,125	238,110
$20,000 to $29,999	28,745	10,885	17,860	364,915	142,810	222,105
$30,000 to $39,999	24,430	10,680	13,750	305,680	131,185	174,490
$40,000 to $49,999	24,115	11,490	12,630	286,615	133,715	152,900
$50,000 to $59,999	19,705	10,115	9,590	247,830	124,720	123,115
$60,000 to $69,999	15,415	8,535	6,880	205,840	114,405	91,430
$70,000 to $79,999	12,375	7,215	5,165	165,640	99,645	65,995
$80,000 to $89,999	10,065	5,930	4,130	132,720	82,700	50,020
$90,000 to $99,999	8,720	4,985	3,735	114,010	70,655	43,350
$100,000 and over	21,635	15,580	6,055	455,410	334,865	120,550
$100,000 to $149,999	15,725	10,945	4,780	274,185	191,710	82,475
$150,000 and over	5,915	4,630	1,280	181,225	143,150	38,075
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	249,205	120,360	128,845	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,365
Without after-tax income	12,095	5,785	6,310	151,915	74,270	77,645
With after-tax income	237,110	114,575	122,535	3,054,135	1,528,420	1,525,715
Percentage with after-tax income	95.1	95.2	95.1	95.3	95.4	95.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	35,360	14,900	20,465	399,005	149,280	249,725
$10,000 to $19,999	39,130	15,145	23,985	402,780	154,330	248,450
$20,000 to $29,999	33,375	13,120	20,255	420,955	166,650	254,300
$30,000 to $39,999	30,715	13,995	16,720	377,590	169,665	207,925
$40,000 to $49,999	28,045	14,105	13,940	347,960	172,595	175,365
$50,000 to $59,999	20,825	11,495	9,330	276,970	153,985	122,985
$60,000 to $69,999	15,665	9,215	6,455	208,265	127,045	81,220
$70,000 to $79,999	12,430	7,275	5,155	160,580	100,970	59,610
$80,000 and over	21,560	15,325	6,235	460,030	333,895	126,140
$80,000 to $89,999	7,925	5,050	2,875	121,015	78,400	42,620
$90,000 to $99,999	4,670	3,340	1,330	82,020	57,375	24,645
$100,000 and over	8,965	6,935	2,030	257,000	198,120	58,875
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	249,200	120,360	128,845	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,360
Without employment income	67,430	26,805	40,620	732,385	301,060	431,330
With employment income	181,770	93,550	88,220	2,473,665	1,301,630	1,172,035
Percentage with employment income	72.9	77.7	68.5	77.2	81.2	73.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	27,695	14,365	13,330	273,835	122,830	151,005
$5,000 to $9,999	13,630	5,765	7,860	164,095	68,100	95,990
$10,000 to $19,999	21,355	9,120	12,230	274,105	113,680	160,430
$20,000 to $29,999	16,915	7,330	9,590	235,620	96,855	138,760
$30,000 to $39,999	16,095	7,070	9,025	227,450	100,650	126,805
$40,000 to $49,999	15,705	7,285	8,420	219,155	103,680	115,475
$50,000 to $59,999	14,205	7,260	6,945	195,145	99,285	95,860
$60,000 to $69,999	11,715	6,490	5,220	163,465	92,950	70,515
$70,000 to $79,999	10,020	5,870	4,150	135,150	83,240	51,910
$80,000 and over	34,440	22,995	11,450	585,640	420,365	165,280
$80,000 to $89,999	8,555	5,030	3,530	111,045	71,210	39,835
$90,000 to $99,999	7,720	4,415	3,300	99,785	62,305	37,480
$100,000 and over	18,165	13,545	4,620	374,815	286,855	87,960
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	113,295	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	83,981	...	...	93,835	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	72,753	...	...	80,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	24,895	...	...	366,080	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	40,123	...	...	47,948	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	35,464	...	...	41,502	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	88,400	...	...	1,161,600	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	99,406	...	...	111,435	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	85,377	...	...	94,830	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	113,345	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	100,440	...	...	125,522	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	82,958	...	...	101,361	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	24,870	...	...	365,000	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	48,653	...	...	64,341	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	40,546	...	...	52,116	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	88,475	...	...	1,162,675	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	114,998	...	...	144,729	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	94,880	...	...	116,821	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	113,295	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
Under $5,000	1,000	...	...	21,660	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	1,000	...	...	13,555	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	2,485	...	...	18,070	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	3,040	...	...	33,045	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,690	...	...	51,505	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,440	...	...	38,615	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,715	...	...	42,580	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,760	...	...	46,630	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	4,205	...	...	46,520	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,990	...	...	46,825	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	8,175	...	...	95,425	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	7,830	...	...	95,340	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	7,425	...	...	92,345	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	7,065	...	...	88,775	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	6,805	...	...	84,570	...	...
$100,000 and over	45,670	...	...	712,215	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	13,995	...	...	184,595	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	10,485	...	...	142,910	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	12,170	...	...	181,960	...	...
$200,000 and over	9,020	...	...	202,745	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	113,295	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
Under $5,000	1,070	...	...	23,395	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	1,025	...	...	13,860	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	2,510	...	...	18,600	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	3,190	...	...	34,540	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	4,120	...	...	55,010	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,910	...	...	44,170	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	4,355	...	...	50,280	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	4,815	...	...	55,645	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	4,910	...	...	57,695	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	4,915	...	...	59,195	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	9,955	...	...	119,200	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	9,360	...	...	116,250	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	9,020	...	...	112,675	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	8,400	...	...	106,235	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	7,080	...	...	95,600	...	...
$100,000 and over	34,675	...	...	565,335	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	14,195	...	...	192,795	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	8,940	...	...	132,240	...	...
$150,000 and over	11,545	...	...	240,305	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	85,865	...	...	1,099,900	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	99,235	...	...	109,997	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	85,173	...	...	93,588	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.2	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	25,545	...	...	407,300	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	85,496	...	...	101,283	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	74,123	...	...	86,043	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	42,345	...	...	511,375	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	126,179	...	...	133,186	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	106,392	...	...	111,951	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.0	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	15,695	...	...	146,045	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	59,164	...	...	62,909	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	53,949	...	...	57,079	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	85,945	...	...	1,101,485	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	114,960	...	...	144,493	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	94,699	...	...	116,343	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	25,540	...	...	408,625	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	99,933	...	...	137,805	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	82,801	...	...	110,236	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	42,455	...	...	512,615	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	141,344	...	...	169,354	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	115,079	...	...	135,623	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15,670	...	...	145,115	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	69,110	...	...	80,406	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	59,252	...	...	68,470	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	34,345	16,595	17,750	577,475	308,835	268,640
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	35,168	39,097	32,519	42,598	47,903	37,344
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	31,699	34,503	29,824	37,648	41,340	33,785
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	34,320	16,555	17,765	573,385	306,195	267,190
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	43,841	47,358	40,563	56,856	63,468	49,280
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	36,839	39,024	34,803	46,559	50,990	41,481
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	305,320	149,130	156,185	3,978,150	1,998,500	1,979,650
In the bottom half of the distribution	129,145	60,730	68,420	1,527,695	739,210	788,485
In the bottom decile	23,905	11,435	12,470	293,490	143,880	149,605
In the second decile	23,415	10,275	13,145	278,635	128,055	150,575
In the third decile	24,750	11,555	13,200	297,695	142,090	155,605
In the fourth decile	27,200	12,920	14,280	315,570	154,815	160,760
In the fifth decile	29,875	14,550	15,325	342,305	170,375	171,935
In the top half of the distribution	176,165	88,400	87,770	2,450,450	1,259,285	1,191,160
In the sixth decile	32,075	15,855	16,220	366,250	183,860	182,390
In the seventh decile	34,520	17,080	17,435	397,275	201,465	195,810
In the eighth decile	37,420	18,730	18,690	443,585	227,385	216,200
In the ninth decile	40,180	20,360	19,820	522,545	268,995	253,555
In the top decile	31,975	16,375	15,600	720,795	377,585	343,215
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	305,315	149,130	156,185	3,925,220	1,971,735	1,953,485
0 to 17 years	67,880	34,655	33,225	893,255	458,330	434,925
0 to 5 years	21,040	10,810	10,230	310,080	158,825	151,260
18 to 64 years	195,060	95,450	99,615	2,580,730	1,298,440	1,282,295
65 years and over	42,375	19,025	23,345	451,235	214,965	236,265
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	33,550	15,290	18,265	363,890	171,945	191,940
0 to 17 years	10,015	5,115	4,895	114,215	58,665	55,555
0 to 5 years	3,395	1,745	1,655	41,755	21,350	20,400
18 to 64 years	19,845	9,000	10,840	210,870	98,415	112,455
65 years and over	3,695	1,175	2,525	38,800	14,875	23,925
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.0	10.3	11.7	9.3	8.7	9.8
0 to 17 years (%)	14.8	14.8	14.7	12.8	12.8	12.8
0 to 5 years (%)	16.1	16.1	16.2	13.5	13.4	13.5
18 to 64 years (%)	10.2	9.4	10.9	8.2	7.6	8.8
65 years and over (%)	8.7	6.2	10.8	8.6	6.9	10.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	19,520	9,560	9,965	273,515	134,180	139,335
0 to 17 years	5,080	2,640	2,440	76,930	39,385	37,550
0 to 5 years	1,745	920	825	28,190	14,420	13,770
18 to 64 years	13,595	6,590	7,010	181,805	88,715	93,095
65 years and over	845	330	515	14,780	6,085	8,695
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.4	6.4	6.4	7.0	6.8	7.1
0 to 17 years (%)	7.5	7.6	7.3	8.6	8.6	8.6
0 to 5 years (%)	8.3	8.5	8.1	9.1	9.1	9.1
18 to 64 years (%)	7.0	6.9	7.0	7.0	6.8	7.3
65 years and over (%)	2.0	1.7	2.2	3.3	2.8	3.7
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	305,535	149,205	156,325	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,645
Official languages	303,445	148,330	155,110	3,920,530	1,974,435	1,946,095
English	303,245	148,240	155,005	3,916,805	1,972,800	1,944,005
French	22,730	9,805	12,925	264,600	123,940	140,660
Non-official languages	50,490	24,360	26,135	1,082,425	527,770	554,655
Aboriginal languages	85	30	55	36,465	17,415	19,045
Algonquian languages	60	20	40	29,675	14,120	15,555
Blackfoot	0	0	0	5,575	2,665	2,905
Cree-Montagnais languages	30	10	25	23,465	11,155	12,310
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	25	0	15
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	90	20	70
Plains Cree	10	0	0	1,580	620	965
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	10	10	0
Swampy Cree	15	0	15	45	25	25
Woods Cree	0	0	0	1,135	525	610
Cree, n.o.s.	10	0	10	20,665	9,990	10,675
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	35	15	15
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	35	15	15
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	30	10	15	955	425	530
Algonquin	0	0	0	10	10	0
Ojibway	30	10	15	925	415	505
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	20	10	15
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	2,640	1,255	1,385
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	2,630	1,250	1,380
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Beaver	0	0	0	85	50	35
Carrier	0	0	0	45	10	35
Chilcotin	0	0	0	20	15	10
Dene	0	0	0	2,010	975	1,035
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	75	30	45
Gwich'in	0	0	0	10	0	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	150	65	85
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	285	140	145
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	25	15	10
South Slavey	0	0	0	190	90	100
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	75	35	45
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	10	0	10
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Haida	0	0	0	10	0	10
Inuit languages	10	0	10	135	50	80
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	35	10	25
Inuktitut	0	0	10	60	20	35
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	25	20
Iroquoian languages	15	15	0	40	25	10
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	10	0
Mohawk	15	10	0	35	25	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	10	10
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	145	75	70
Salish languages	0	0	0	50	25	25
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	10	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	15	10	10
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	10	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	4,050	2,005	2,045
Dakota	0	0	0	530	285	245
Stoney	0	0	0	3,650	1,790	1,855
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Tlingit	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	35	15	15
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Nisga'a	0	0	0	15	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	30	15	15
Non-Aboriginal languages	50,405	24,330	26,080	1,046,245	510,495	535,750
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,505	1,330	1,175	96,210	50,675	45,535
Berber languages	0	0	0	540	335	205
Kabyle	0	0	0	225	125	90
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	315	210	110
Cushitic languages	50	30	20	15,445	8,055	7,385
Bilen	0	0	0	370	235	135
Oromo	10	10	0	3,125	1,625	1,500
Somali	40	20	20	12,030	6,240	5,795
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	20	40
Semitic languages	2,450	1,300	1,150	82,200	43,405	38,800
Amharic	75	45	25	10,870	5,595	5,275
Arabic	1,960	1,060	900	62,730	33,365	29,370
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15	0	10	430	225	210
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	20	10	10	150	70	75
Harari	20	0	15	340	150	185
Hebrew	120	55	65	3,250	1,650	1,600
Maltese	250	115	135	145	85	55
Tigrigna	10	0	0	7,315	3,915	3,400
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	450	250	205
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	375	225	145
Austro-Asiatic languages	480	195	280	32,730	15,440	17,290
Khmer (Cambodian)	70	35	40	2,700	1,375	1,330
Vietnamese	410	160	250	30,150	14,130	16,015
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10
Austronesian languages	2,985	1,170	1,820	145,745	63,615	82,130
Bikol	10	0	0	330	150	180
Cebuano	215	90	125	6,690	2,940	3,750
Fijian	0	0	0	340	195	145
Hiligaynon	40	15	30	1,760	745	1,020
Ilocano	105	45	60	7,370	3,160	4,215
Malagasy	0	0	0	80	40	40
Malay	140	55	85	3,040	1,435	1,610
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	45	15	35	1,185	565	625
Pangasinan	0	0	0	445	190	250
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,670	1,045	1,625	138,440	60,115	78,325
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	420	170	245
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	35	20	20	1,160	505	650
Creole languages	545	245	300	4,585	2,390	2,195
Haitian Creole	25	10	20	255	140	115
Creole, n.o.s.	195	85	110	2,675	1,425	1,250
Creole languages, n.i.e.	325	155	165	1,680	840	850
Dravidian languages	2,670	1,360	1,315	18,190	9,660	8,525
Kannada	95	50	40	1,035	520	515
Malayalam	315	150	160	8,150	4,255	3,900
Tamil	2,225	1,150	1,075	7,195	3,900	3,295
Telugu	170	75	95	2,910	1,560	1,345
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	150	80	70
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	115	55	55
Indo-European languages	34,675	16,885	17,790	550,490	274,510	275,980
Albanian	110	55	55	2,880	1,550	1,325
Armenian	150	70	80	530	255	275
Balto-Slavic languages	7,715	3,635	4,080	93,150	44,750	48,395
Baltic languages	90	40	45	1,360	660	705
Latvian	50	25	25	590	300	290
Lithuanian	40	15	25	775	360	415
Slavic languages	7,640	3,600	4,040	92,300	44,340	47,960
Belarusan	10	10	0	200	95	105
Bosnian	60	35	25	2,880	1,450	1,435
Bulgarian	85	45	35	1,795	945	850
Croatian	575	290	290	6,280	3,260	3,025
Czech	245	130	115	3,590	1,650	1,940
Macedonian	780	385	400	535	270	265
Polish	3,180	1,460	1,720	23,650	11,455	12,195
Russian	1,010	415	595	27,375	13,195	14,175
Serbian	685	355	325	5,355	2,630	2,730
Serbo-Croatian	40	25	20	1,095	550	540
Slovak	180	90	85	2,780	1,495	1,285
Slovene (Slovenian)	200	85	115	735	360	375
Ukrainian	1,280	585	690	26,600	11,980	14,620
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	250	120	130
Celtic languages	115	60	55	1,180	615	560
Scottish Gaelic	60	35	30	440	215	225
Welsh	25	0	20	315	180	130
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	450	220	225
Germanic languages	4,005	1,770	2,230	112,670	56,325	56,345
Afrikaans	205	80	125	5,165	2,655	2,515
Danish	105	35	70	2,800	1,360	1,440
Dutch	1,165	510	655	19,480	9,595	9,890
Frisian	25	25	0	475	275	205
German	2,420	1,090	1,330	83,010	41,905	41,105
Icelandic	20	10	15	160	70	95
Norwegian	50	35	10	1,450	635	810
Swedish	80	40	40	1,635	800	835
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	10	15	380	170	215
Yiddish	20	10	15	250	130	115
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	2,115	1,095	1,015
Greek	1,600	805	795	4,935	2,535	2,400
Indo-Iranian languages	9,650	4,865	4,795	206,725	106,045	100,675
Indo-Aryan languages	7,840	3,930	3,910	186,005	95,045	90,960
Bengali	665	340	325	8,530	4,385	4,140
Gujarati	1,120	545	575	18,005	8,945	9,055
Hindi	2,400	1,230	1,180	61,290	31,900	29,385
Kashmiri	20	15	10	125	80	45
Konkani	45	30	20	625	300	320
Marathi	85	40	45	2,575	1,385	1,195
Nepali	30	15	10	5,510	3,000	2,510
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	255	135	120
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,535	810	725	90,485	46,350	44,135
Sindhi	140	65	75	4,595	2,065	2,530
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	415	170	245	3,800	1,925	1,875
Urdu	3,850	1,965	1,885	41,235	21,245	20,000
Iranian languages	1,920	980	940	22,140	11,665	10,475
Kurdish	20	15	0	1,930	1,100	825
Pashto	160	95	65	3,330	1,795	1,530
Persian (Farsi)	1,815	910	905	17,600	9,220	8,375
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	85	50	35	1,760	960	805
Italic (Romance) languages	12,155	6,050	6,100	142,340	69,885	72,450
Catalan	0	0	0	170	95	80
Italian	4,700	2,450	2,245	19,900	9,875	10,020
Portuguese	2,340	1,170	1,170	12,670	6,255	6,415
Romanian	810	375	430	9,915	5,185	4,735
Spanish	4,680	2,240	2,440	104,445	50,960	53,490
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	250	130	125
Japanese	235	90	145	9,215	4,115	5,100
Kartvelian languages	10	0	0	225	130	100
Georgian	0	0	10	230	130	100
Korean	390	200	195	19,950	9,405	10,545
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	800	375	430
Mongolian	0	0	0	800	370	430
Niger-Congo languages	1,110	535	570	29,430	14,980	14,450
Akan (Twi)	155	80	75	2,925	1,505	1,420
Bamanankan	15	10	10	60	30	30
Edo	20	10	15	620	325	290
Ewe	10	0	0	335	170	165
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	0	0	300	165	135
Ga	20	0	15	345	190	155
Ganda	0	0	0	610	305	305
Igbo	70	35	35	2,550	1,345	1,210
Lingala	115	70	45	1,240	640	605
Rundi (Kirundi)	50	15	35	830	420	410
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	75	40	35	1,155	605	550
Shona	80	35	45	1,810	850	960
Swahili	190	100	90	6,700	3,470	3,235
Wolof	10	0	0	600	365	235
Yoruba	185	85	100	5,930	3,035	2,890
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	310	150	155	6,585	3,265	3,320
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	10	10	3,070	1,495	1,575
Dinka	0	0	0	1,655	825	825
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	1,425	675	750
Sign languages	555	210	345	5,910	2,350	3,555
American Sign Language	335	115	225	3,085	1,130	1,955
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	10
Sign languages, n.i.e.	220	100	120	2,855	1,230	1,625
Sino-Tibetan languages	4,005	1,910	2,100	141,860	67,945	73,915
Chinese languages	3,980	1,895	2,085	139,385	66,700	72,685
Cantonese	1,680	755	925	74,770	35,490	39,280
Hakka	25	0	15	1,180	515	660
Mandarin	2,460	1,170	1,285	70,510	33,310	37,195
Min Dong	0	0	0	85	50	40
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	105	60	45	4,140	1,765	2,380
Wu (Shanghainese)	70	45	25	855	380	470
Chinese, n.o.s.	185	95	90	6,335	3,160	3,175
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	25	35
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	10	15	2,590	1,290	1,300
Burmese	15	10	10	605	305	295
Karenic languages	0	0	0	805	415	390
Tibetan	0	0	0	860	430	430
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	445	215	235
Tai-Kadai languages	185	130	60	3,705	1,510	2,195
Lao	90	45	40	1,520	730	795
Thai	115	80	30	2,400	850	1,545
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	25	25
Turkic languages	190	105	90	5,795	3,180	2,625
Azerbaijani	15	10	15	630	325	300
Turkish	175	95	80	4,255	2,420	1,835
Uyghur	0	0	0	290	135	155
Uzbek	0	0	0	425	200	225
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	355	170	180
Uralic languages	1,065	565	505	8,895	4,315	4,575
Estonian	50	35	20	185	85	105
Finnish	125	65	65	1,045	455	590
Hungarian	890	465	425	7,660	3,770	3,890
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	45	25	20	1,820	1,025	790
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	305,535	149,205	156,325	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,645
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	294,235	143,685	150,555	3,622,740	1,825,135	1,797,600
Canadian citizens aged under 18	66,740	34,125	32,615	854,815	439,065	415,755
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	227,495	109,560	117,935	2,767,920	1,386,070	1,381,850
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	11,300	5,520	5,780	355,410	173,365	182,045
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	305,530	149,205	156,325	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,650
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	244,570	119,990	124,580	3,062,775	1,550,445	1,512,335
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	59,280	28,235	31,045	845,220	412,320	432,895
Before 1981	24,350	11,450	12,905	163,460	81,620	81,840
1981 to 1990	8,485	4,135	4,345	86,350	41,690	44,660
1991 to 2000	10,460	5,050	5,410	131,560	62,930	68,630
2001 to 2010	11,805	5,590	6,215	256,055	125,235	130,820
2001 to 2005	6,375	3,030	3,345	109,145	53,425	55,720
2006 to 2010	5,430	2,560	2,875	146,910	71,810	75,100
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	4,180	2,010	2,175	207,790	100,845	106,945
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	1,685	985	700	70,155	35,735	34,420
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	59,275	28,230	31,045	845,220	412,320	432,895
Under 5 years	7,015	3,595	3,425	82,175	42,200	39,975
5 to 14 years	12,835	6,470	6,360	149,815	77,820	71,995
15 to 24 years	14,370	6,420	7,950	168,965	78,215	90,755
25 to 44 years	21,560	10,245	11,320	372,805	180,265	192,535
45 years and over	3,500	1,505	1,995	71,450	33,820	37,630
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	59,275	28,235	31,045	845,215	412,325	432,895
Americas	14,590	6,625	7,970	103,540	49,345	54,190
Brazil	300	105	190	2,545	1,100	1,440
Colombia	320	155	165	9,535	4,570	4,960
El Salvador	220	115	105	7,255	3,725	3,530
Guyana	2,350	1,055	1,295	2,555	1,200	1,355
Haiti	110	45	60	1,270	675	600
Jamaica	4,280	1,905	2,370	6,845	3,170	3,680
Mexico	295	110	180	15,665	7,860	7,805
Peru	160	70	85	1,920	780	1,140
Trinidad and Tobago	2,055	1,015	1,040	3,415	1,670	1,750
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	1,910	795	1,120	30,460	13,675	16,785
Other places of birth in Americas	2,595	1,245	1,345	22,075	10,925	11,150
Europe	23,980	11,570	12,410	189,770	95,355	94,415
Bosnia and Herzegovina	225	140	85	4,555	2,325	2,230
Croatia	385	180	205	3,080	1,615	1,465
France	190	125	70	2,535	1,215	1,320
Germany	1,405	705	705	19,205	9,485	9,715
Greece	650	350	300	2,005	1,115	890
Hungary	455	265	195	3,665	1,880	1,785
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	510	240	270	3,935	2,100	1,835
Italy	2,080	1,125	950	8,110	4,370	3,745
Netherlands	1,070	525	550	14,035	7,420	6,610
Poland	1,990	890	1,100	16,925	8,045	8,880
Portugal	1,090	555	540	4,050	1,985	2,070
Romania	715	340	370	7,725	3,930	3,795
Russian Federation	385	160	230	7,260	3,135	4,125
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	330	150	180	2,255	1,080	1,170
Ukraine	480	205	275	8,150	3,700	4,455
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	9,935	4,630	5,305	59,215	30,280	28,935
Other places of birth in Europe	2,080	990	1,095	23,060	11,670	11,390
Africa	3,185	1,610	1,570	89,740	46,705	43,030
Algeria	15	0	15	1,340	715	625
Egypt	375	195	175	5,320	2,940	2,375
Ethiopia	100	50	55	10,570	5,355	5,215
Kenya	180	75	100	5,120	2,555	2,565
Morocco	80	55	25	1,695	1,005	695
Nigeria	430	200	225	12,405	6,520	5,880
Somalia	40	25	15	7,060	3,665	3,395
South Africa, Republic of	455	245	205	7,355	3,670	3,685
Other places of birth in Africa	1,510	750	760	38,865	20,275	18,590
Asia	17,300	8,290	9,015	452,225	215,955	236,265
Afghanistan	870	430	440	5,190	2,765	2,430
Bangladesh	425	205	215	5,085	2,590	2,500
China^{Census data footnote 59}	2,085	940	1,145	57,690	26,510	31,185
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	475	225	250	19,110	9,265	9,850
India	2,995	1,515	1,480	91,660	46,625	45,035
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	450	245	205	8,910	4,655	4,250
Iraq	135	65	70	5,935	3,205	2,730
Japan	80	10	70	3,065	905	2,160
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	345	185	160	13,850	6,530	7,320
Lebanon	320	180	140	10,395	5,640	4,750
Pakistan	2,395	1,250	1,145	28,075	14,630	13,445
Philippines	2,920	1,185	1,735	123,830	54,075	69,755
Sri Lanka	1,705	810	890	4,835	2,475	2,365
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	45	25	20	4,800	2,515	2,280
Taiwan	105	50	55	3,455	1,460	2,000
Viet Nam	355	140	215	27,080	12,645	14,435
Other places of birth in Asia	1,600	815	790	39,250	19,485	19,765
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	220	145	80	9,940	4,950	4,990
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	4,185	2,010	2,175	207,790	100,845	106,945
Americas	925	490	430	20,060	9,660	10,400
Brazil	40	15	30	860	370	490
Colombia	55	25	25	2,295	1,020	1,275
Cuba	30	15	15	465	215	255
Haiti	30	15	15	385	240	150
Jamaica	210	140	75	1,660	765	895
Mexico	40	25	20	4,405	2,250	2,150
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	200	110	85	4,645	2,130	2,515
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	20	0	15	1,570	745	820
Other places of birth in Americas	305	150	155	3,785	1,930	1,855
Europe	495	250	250	20,870	10,830	10,045
France	10	10	0	425	240	180
Germany	15	10	0	1,370	710	655
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	25	20	10	1,355	835	520
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	10	0	10	715	365	350
Romania	55	25	30	1,100	545	555
Russian Federation	10	0	10	1,235	430	805
Ukraine	65	25	35	2,340	1,060	1,280
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	145	90	60	6,225	3,570	2,650
Other places of birth in Europe	175	75	105	6,100	3,065	3,040
Africa	470	250	220	27,770	14,165	13,610
Algeria	0	0	0	255	115	135
Cameroon	10	0	0	1,055	515	545
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	20	15	10	805	365	440
Côte d'Ivoire	20	10	10	420	210	210
Egypt	120	60	60	1,940	1,045	895
Eritrea	0	0	0	2,390	1,335	1,055
Ethiopia	0	0	0	3,445	1,670	1,780
Morocco	0	0	0	515	265	250
Nigeria	85	50	40	6,110	3,200	2,910
Somalia	0	0	0	2,120	1,110	1,010
South Africa, Republic of	60	25	35	1,590	800	785
Tunisia	0	0	0	255	135	125
Other places of birth in Africa	150	85	65	6,870	3,400	3,470
Asia	2,245	985	1,255	137,110	65,055	72,050
Afghanistan	40	20	25	810	435	375
Bangladesh	50	25	25	1,355	635	715
China^{Census data footnote 59}	360	160	200	10,525	4,700	5,825
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	10	0	0	750	305	450
India	495	235	265	28,820	14,915	13,900
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	80	40	40	3,265	1,665	1,600
Iraq	30	10	25	2,010	1,045	960
Israel	10	10	0	480	250	230
Japan	25	0	25	665	195	475
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	20	10	10	3,840	1,710	2,125
Lebanon	25	0	15	1,470	755	710
Nepal	0	0	0	2,615	1,380	1,240
Pakistan	295	145	150	6,910	3,420	3,490
Philippines	430	140	285	59,390	26,960	32,435
Saudi Arabia	65	40	25	820	435	385
Sri Lanka	140	65	70	1,345	650	695
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	10	3,340	1,705	1,630
Taiwan	15	10	10	505	165	340
Turkey	0	10	0	390	215	180
United Arab Emirates	20	10	10	810	430	375
Viet Nam	0	0	0	2,040	795	1,240
Other places of birth in Asia	135	70	65	4,965	2,285	2,680
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	55	35	20	1,980	1,135	845
Australia	45	30	10	1,065	600	465
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	10	10	0	915	535	375
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	305,535	149,210	156,325	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,650
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	62,005	29,775	32,225	938,500	460,015	478,480
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	72,780	36,480	36,300	742,455	374,065	368,390
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	170,750	82,950	87,800	2,297,195	1,164,420	1,132,775
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	35,785	17,165	18,620	694,945	337,380	357,565
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	16,385	8,270	8,120	387,275	195,845	191,430
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	6,355	4,055	2,300	154,700	96,855	57,850
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	10,035	4,220	5,815	232,570	98,990	133,575
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	13,605	5,785	7,830	198,575	81,650	116,920
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	5,430	2,955	2,470	103,785	57,130	46,650
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	360	155	205	5,320	2,745	2,570
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	305,535	149,205	156,325	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,650
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	7,200	3,415	3,790	258,640	125,445	133,195
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	6,890	3,255	3,630	253,460	123,115	130,340
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	4,145	1,980	2,160	136,585	65,755	70,835
Métis	2,610	1,220	1,395	114,370	56,170	58,200
Inuk (Inuit)	130	60	70	2,500	1,195	1,305
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	140	70	70	2,905	1,350	1,555
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	175	90	90	2,280	975	1,300
Non-Aboriginal identity	298,330	145,790	152,540	3,719,505	1,873,055	1,846,450
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	305,530	149,205	156,330	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,645
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	1,950	970	980	123,235	59,065	64,170
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	303,585	148,240	155,350	3,854,915	1,939,430	1,915,475
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	305,535	149,205	156,325	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,645
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	1,070	485	585	103,600	50,680	52,915
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	1,040	480	560	99,940	48,860	51,070
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	710	325	380	81,685	39,815	41,870
Métis single ancestry	325	155	170	17,515	8,690	8,820
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	15	735	355	380
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	30	0	25	3,665	1,820	1,845
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	25	10	20	3,490	1,725	1,765
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	10	0	10	105	55	50
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	50	35	15
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	20	0	15
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	10,590	4,880	5,705	200,215	97,055	103,160
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	10,310	4,745	5,570	189,830	92,295	97,530
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	7,895	3,660	4,240	104,875	50,595	54,280
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,260	1,005	1,255	82,585	40,530	42,060
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	155	80	80	2,365	1,170	1,195
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	275	145	140	10,385	4,760	5,625
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	270	135	140	9,760	4,465	5,295
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	10	0	310	155	155
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	270	110	160
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	40	25	20
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	293,875	143,840	150,035	3,674,330	1,850,760	1,823,570
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	305,530	149,205	156,325	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,645
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	59,270	29,335	29,930	933,165	461,460	471,705
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	14,755	7,635	7,120	230,930	118,535	112,390
Chinese	5,450	2,625	2,825	158,200	77,035	81,165
Black	19,775	9,550	10,225	129,390	66,960	62,440
Filipino	4,795	2,175	2,620	166,195	74,770	91,425
Latin American	2,740	1,370	1,370	55,090	27,560	27,525
Arab	2,030	1,095	930	56,700	30,245	26,450
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	1,045	495	550	43,985	21,025	22,960
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	1,805	905	900	20,980	11,010	9,965
Korean	515	295	220	21,275	10,130	11,145
Japanese	730	370	360	12,165	5,495	6,670
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	2,515	1,210	1,310	9,900	4,700	5,205
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	3,105	1,610	1,495	28,360	13,985	14,375
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	246,265	119,870	126,395	3,044,980	1,537,040	1,507,940
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	305,530	149,205	156,325	3,978,150	1,998,500	1,979,645
North American Aboriginal origins	11,660	5,365	6,295	303,815	147,735	156,075
First Nations (North American Indian)	8,910	4,125	4,785	200,290	96,845	103,445
Inuit	180	80	95	3,900	1,915	1,985
Métis	2,880	1,300	1,580	113,735	55,590	58,150
Other North American origins	97,960	48,025	49,940	955,040	486,735	468,305
Acadian	460	225	235	5,545	2,970	2,570
American	3,640	1,665	1,975	72,355	35,480	36,875
Canadian	94,950	46,640	48,305	902,315	460,335	441,975
New Brunswicker	15	15	0	50	35	15
Newfoundlander	630	305	320	1,985	1,135	850
Nova Scotian	50	40	10	190	115	70
Ontarian	65	30	35	110	65	45
Québécois	120	85	35	1,380	750	630
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	25	15	15	415	210	205
European origins	215,690	104,500	111,185	2,580,720	1,292,280	1,288,440
British Isles origins	156,655	75,160	81,500	1,581,265	787,205	794,060
Channel Islander	0	0	10	225	115	115
Cornish	0	0	0	210	90	115
English	90,715	43,185	47,535	899,440	444,010	455,440
Irish	66,410	31,065	35,345	596,750	288,710	308,040
Manx	80	25	55	945	450	495
Scottish	67,275	32,185	35,095	704,205	347,740	356,460
Welsh	6,845	3,200	3,645	80,455	38,715	41,740
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	10,435	4,775	5,665	90,865	44,055	46,815
French origins	29,925	14,025	15,905	411,560	201,160	210,395
Alsatian	10	0	10	200	120	80
Breton	0	0	0	60	25	35
Corsican	0	0	0	125	65	70
French	29,920	14,025	15,895	411,315	201,030	210,290
Western European origins (except French origins)	39,610	18,925	20,690	915,185	455,115	460,065
Austrian	1,955	1,000	955	39,530	19,225	20,305
Bavarian	10	0	0	110	60	55
Belgian	965	455	510	21,210	10,320	10,890
Dutch	12,965	6,210	6,755	195,720	97,735	97,990
Flemish	45	30	10	2,005	870	1,140
Frisian	10	0	10	685	380	305
German	25,760	12,215	13,545	712,955	353,755	359,195
Luxembourger	15	10	15	680	355	320
Swiss	965	500	465	24,310	11,905	12,410
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	30	10	20	830	390	440
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	6,085	2,890	3,195	329,990	159,695	170,295
Danish	1,505	705	795	60,380	29,240	31,135
Finnish	1,365	675	690	17,755	8,780	8,975
Icelandic	355	165	190	20,225	10,050	10,175
Norwegian	1,380	655	730	156,595	75,160	81,430
Swedish	1,575	740	830	97,840	46,445	51,385
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	300	140	160	13,515	7,005	6,505
Eastern European origins	31,240	15,030	16,215	685,270	336,430	348,845
Bulgarian	270	140	135	2,935	1,510	1,425
Byelorussian	155	90	65	2,200	1,165	1,035
Czech	900	460	430	20,865	10,405	10,460
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	350	150	200	10,055	4,800	5,255
Estonian	380	225	150	2,715	1,240	1,470
Hungarian	3,845	1,900	1,945	56,270	27,385	28,885
Latvian	375	195	185	3,245	1,585	1,660
Lithuanian	550	230	320	6,090	2,915	3,175
Moldovan	10	0	10	1,585	790	790
Polish	12,340	5,925	6,420	186,510	91,115	95,395
Romanian	1,655	785	870	34,230	16,520	17,710
Russian	2,990	1,405	1,590	107,800	51,840	55,960
Slovak	925	485	440	11,010	5,495	5,515
Ukrainian	11,050	5,250	5,800	369,090	181,600	187,490
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	85	50	30	1,910	1,015	895
Southern European origins	38,660	19,605	19,055	215,725	107,495	108,230
Albanian	160	85	75	2,935	1,555	1,385
Bosnian	180	110	65	3,870	1,985	1,890
Catalan	0	0	0	85	55	25
Croatian	1,355	695	660	14,220	7,535	6,690
Cypriot	55	15	45	160	90	70
Greek	4,075	2,060	2,015	15,025	7,790	7,235
Italian	19,235	9,905	9,330	101,265	50,975	50,285
Kosovar	20	0	15	420	210	210
Macedonian	1,795	940	850	1,015	485	535
Maltese	1,790	795	995	1,560	845	715
Montenegrin	30	15	15	290	185	105
Portuguese	6,755	3,375	3,375	22,385	11,395	10,985
Serbian	790	415	370	7,755	3,875	3,875
Sicilian	160	85	75	330	160	170
Slovenian	625	335	295	3,885	2,010	1,875
Spanish	4,260	2,015	2,255	48,055	22,225	25,835
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	480	270	210	5,120	2,495	2,625
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	245	120	125
Other European origins	1,535	830	710	22,805	11,700	11,105
Basque	35	15	20	425	210	215
Jewish	700	390	310	9,780	4,890	4,885
Roma (Gypsy)	15	10	15	465	220	245
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	85	40	45	995	505	490
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	710	385	325	11,255	5,940	5,310
Caribbean origins	18,510	8,825	9,680	36,120	18,050	18,070
Antiguan	145	70	75	455	265	190
Bahamian	105	55	50	310	180	130
Barbadian	1,450	700	750	2,065	980	1,080
Bermudan	40	15	25	210	120	90
Carib	180	50	125	135	45	85
Cuban	325	170	155	2,175	1,110	1,060
Dominican	275	125	155	930	530	395
Grenadian	550	240	315	595	300	295
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	250	110	135	2,235	1,210	1,025
Jamaican	10,805	5,195	5,610	17,325	8,540	8,785
Kittitian/Nevisian	75	35	40	95	65	30
Martinican	0	0	0	10	0	0
Montserratan	25	10	15	30	10	25
Puerto Rican	50	35	10	460	225	240
St. Lucian	270	135	135	595	295	300
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	3,185	1,535	1,650	5,180	2,685	2,490
Vincentian/Grenadinian	580	260	320	535	215	325
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	2,295	1,020	1,275	2,670	1,275	1,395
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	540	270	275	2,305	1,110	1,200
Latin, Central and South American origins	7,275	3,465	3,810	78,405	39,030	39,375
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	275	140	135	1,980	965	1,015
Arawak	65	20	45	105	30	70
Argentinian	140	85	65	1,385	705	680
Belizean	40	15	25	445	250	190
Bolivian	55	30	20	590	305	285
Brazilian	390	140	250	3,030	1,330	1,700
Chilean	315	150	165	8,105	4,115	3,990
Colombian	480	255	225	12,585	6,060	6,525
Costa Rican	60	35	25	575	270	305
Ecuadorian	335	140	190	890	405	485
Guatemalan	220	135	90	2,395	1,270	1,120
Guyanese	3,145	1,490	1,660	3,095	1,545	1,555
Hispanic	80	35	50	1,785	905	885
Honduran	50	25	20	760	405	355
Maya	35	20	15	580	310	275
Mexican	660	305	355	22,475	11,430	11,045
Nicaraguan	55	25	25	1,675	825	855
Panamanian	95	40	50	320	150	170
Paraguayan	15	0	10	340	155	190
Peruvian	255	140	110	2,740	1,245	1,495
Salvadorean	255	130	125	8,810	4,545	4,270
Uruguayan	25	10	15	315	180	135
Venezuelan	335	180	150	4,690	2,295	2,390
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	235	90	140	3,430	1,735	1,695
African origins	7,780	3,905	3,880	136,510	70,620	65,885
Central and West African origins	1,635	855	780	33,170	17,430	15,735
Akan	20	20	0	130	80	50
Angolan	50	35	10	295	155	140
Ashanti	15	10	0	130	70	55
Beninese	0	0	0	200	90	105
Burkinabe	0	0	0	100	50	50
Cameroonian	160	75	85	2,040	1,010	1,035
Chadian	0	0	0	75	55	20
Congolese	270	170	100	4,095	2,100	1,990
Edo	10	10	0	555	320	235
Ewe	0	0	10	125	70	55
Gabonese	0	0	0	25	10	20
Gambian	0	0	0	110	60	50
Ghanaian	320	155	165	4,470	2,365	2,100
Guinean	45	35	10	455	235	215
Ibo	40	35	10	1,760	935	825
Ivorian	55	15	40	655	355	295
Liberian	10	10	0	1,040	495	540
Malian	10	0	10	70	45	25
Malinké	0	0	0	95	55	45
Nigerian	520	245	275	13,010	6,815	6,200
Peulh	0	0	0	105	70	35
Senegalese	10	0	0	575	370	205
Sierra Leonean	50	30	25	740	395	345
Togolese	0	0	0	150	70	80
Wolof	0	0	0	70	45	25
Yoruba	145	60	85	2,990	1,600	1,385
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	110	60	50	1,865	985	875
North African origins	940	485	450	23,235	12,305	10,935
Algerian	40	20	20	1,620	805	815
Berber	0	0	0	685	415	270
Coptic	25	10	20	225	115	110
Dinka	0	0	0	565	320	250
Egyptian	610	295	310	8,525	4,515	4,010
Libyan	80	40	40	1,300	665	635
Maure	0	0	0	95	70	25
Moroccan	130	90	35	2,510	1,380	1,130
Sudanese	35	15	20	7,070	3,695	3,375
Tunisian	10	10	10	940	480	455
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	30	0	20	575	315	260
Southern and East African origins	1,515	790	730	56,560	29,285	27,275
Afrikaner	10	0	0	315	155	160
Amhara	0	0	0	450	240	215
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	30	20	0	700	395	310
Burundian	80	40	40	975	555	420
Djiboutian	0	0	0	170	90	75
Eritrean	30	10	20	7,960	4,250	3,715
Ethiopian	145	70	70	13,225	6,710	6,510
Harari	0	0	0	165	85	80
Kenyan	90	45	50	2,175	1,035	1,140
Malagasy	0	0	0	125	55	70
Mauritian	50	10	40	550	310	235
Oromo	15	10	10	1,355	765	595
Rwandan	45	25	15	1,420	745	675
Seychellois	25	0	15	35	25	10
Somali	100	50	45	14,100	7,315	6,790
South African	510	290	225	6,635	3,310	3,320
Tanzanian	65	50	20	1,030	525	505
Tigrian	0	0	0	700	380	320
Ugandan	50	30	20	1,155	645	510
Zambian	30	15	10	265	155	110
Zimbabwean	140	70	70	2,590	1,300	1,285
Zulu	20	15	0	295	135	160
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	190	80	110	3,875	2,010	1,870
Other African origins	3,830	1,855	1,970	26,150	12,995	13,155
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	595	290	305	2,525	1,220	1,305
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	3,290	1,595	1,695	23,960	11,950	12,010
Asian origins	37,135	18,505	18,625	756,335	370,390	385,945
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	5,930	3,075	2,860	97,355	51,035	46,315
Afghan	1,520	760	765	8,540	4,545	3,995
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	590	315	275	10,470	5,690	4,780
Armenian	405	195	205	1,780	865	910
Assyrian	10	0	10	560	300	255
Azerbaijani	20	10	10	615	280	335
Georgian	10	0	10	400	230	165
Hazara	0	0	0	365	190	170
Iranian	760	405	355	13,925	7,220	6,705
Iraqi	165	85	90	6,165	3,250	2,915
Israeli	180	105	75	1,565	830	740
Jordanian	120	65	55	1,325	670	655
Kazakh	10	0	0	565	260	310
Kurd	10	10	10	2,040	1,160	880
Kuwaiti	0	10	0	185	110	80
Kyrgyz	20	0	10	200	110	90
Lebanese	945	435	515	32,365	16,835	15,525
Palestinian	475	275	200	4,880	2,675	2,210
Pashtun	20	15	0	645	305	345
Saudi Arabian	150	95	55	390	205	180
Syrian	310	165	145	7,215	3,605	3,610
Tajik	30	15	15	265	160	105
Tatar	10	10	10	530	215	315
Turk	425	235	185	5,745	3,155	2,595
Turkmen	0	0	0	105	55	50
Uighur	0	0	0	270	125	140
Uzbek	70	35	35	485	225	260
Yemeni	0	0	0	930	440	485
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	110	70	40	2,445	1,305	1,140
South Asian origins	16,945	8,665	8,280	231,550	118,855	112,695
Bangladeshi	325	165	160	4,155	2,085	2,070
Bengali	120	70	55	1,660	870	790
Bhutanese	0	0	0	815	410	400
East Indian	11,065	5,680	5,380	174,510	89,140	85,370
Goan	65	25	40	495	265	225
Gujarati	65	35	35	855	445	410
Kashmiri	65	45	20	720	355	365
Nepali	20	10	10	4,600	2,490	2,110
Pakistani	2,650	1,345	1,310	29,265	15,075	14,190
Punjabi	310	165	145	15,645	8,230	7,420
Sinhalese	70	30	40	750	400	355
Sri Lankan	2,075	1,050	1,030	5,585	2,885	2,695
Tamil	525	295	230	1,050	565	485
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	1,090	530	555	4,845	2,500	2,335
East and Southeast Asian origins	15,240	7,240	7,995	431,135	202,400	228,735
Burmese	80	25	50	1,270	650	615
Cambodian (Khmer)	125	75	45	4,260	2,245	2,015
Chinese	7,965	3,830	4,135	188,280	90,735	97,545
Filipino	5,355	2,430	2,920	175,130	79,150	95,975
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	230	130	105	3,005	1,425	1,575
Japanese	950	470	485	16,595	7,510	9,085
Karen	0	0	0	740	390	345
Korean	560	305	255	22,410	10,655	11,755
Laotian	115	65	50	2,050	1,020	1,030
Malaysian	140	90	50	2,970	1,340	1,630
Mongolian	65	35	25	1,565	725	835
Singaporean	10	0	0	370	180	190
Taiwanese	65	20	40	1,995	855	1,140
Thai	160	105	50	2,735	980	1,750
Tibetan	0	0	0	965	500	465
Vietnamese	585	250	340	36,780	17,720	19,060
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	40	25	20	735	385	345
Other Asian origins	135	70	65	3,115	1,580	1,530
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	135	70	70	3,115	1,585	1,530
Oceania origins	545	305	240	15,500	7,825	7,680
Australian	380	210	175	7,785	3,975	3,810
New Zealander	100	60	40	2,905	1,535	1,370
Pacific Islands origins	90	55	35	5,150	2,510	2,635
Fijian	55	35	15	3,325	1,580	1,745
Hawaiian	20	15	10	425	190	235
Maori	0	0	0	640	325	320
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	205	105	95
Samoan	0	0	0	280	180	100
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	15	10	10	375	195	180
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	113,345	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
Owner	85,925	...	...	1,105,795	...	...
Renter	27,420	...	...	412,150	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	9,730	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	113,345	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
Condominium	7,090	...	...	256,015	...	...
Not condominium	106,255	...	...	1,271,660	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	113,345	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
No bedrooms	310	...	...	5,440	...	...
1 bedroom	8,675	...	...	139,820	...	...
2 bedrooms	17,510	...	...	322,370	...	...
3 bedrooms	48,175	...	...	540,505	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	38,680	...	...	519,545	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	113,345	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	18,465	...	...	358,650	...	...
5 rooms	15,000	...	...	238,870	...	...
6 rooms	18,875	...	...	224,335	...	...
7 rooms	18,900	...	...	201,560	...	...
8 or more rooms	42,100	...	...	504,270	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.9	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	113,345	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
One person or fewer per room	112,240	...	...	1,494,875	...	...
More than 1 person per room	1,100	...	...	32,805	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	113,350	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
Suitable	108,880	...	...	1,458,550	...	...
Not suitable	4,465	...	...	69,125	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	113,345	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
1960 or before	20,140	...	...	177,780	...	...
1961 to 1980	30,160	...	...	439,505	...	...
1981 to 1990	18,465	...	...	193,360	...	...
1991 to 2000	16,485	...	...	216,410	...	...
2001 to 2005	12,145	...	...	157,420	...	...
2006 to 2010	9,260	...	...	180,645	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	6,690	...	...	162,560	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	113,345	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	107,215	...	...	1,440,440	...	...
Major repairs needed	6,130	...	...	87,240	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	113,345	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
1 household maintainer	62,250	...	...	873,125	...	...
2 household maintainers	48,205	...	...	605,830	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	2,895	...	...	48,725	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	113,345	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,750	...	...	53,955	...	...
25 to 34 years	13,700	...	...	281,820	...	...
35 to 44 years	21,460	...	...	307,930	...	...
45 to 54 years	26,950	...	...	310,435	...	...
55 to 64 years	22,940	...	...	288,480	...	...
65 to 74 years	15,000	...	...	169,505	...	...
75 to 84 years	8,390	...	...	86,970	...	...
85 years and over	3,150	...	...	28,585	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	113,270	...	...	1,479,270	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	84,105	...	...	1,170,780	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	29,170	...	...	308,485	...	...
30% to less than 100%	26,350	...	...	268,795	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	85,925	...	...	1,075,465	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	69.1	...	...	65.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	18.4	...	...	15.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,536	...	...	1,481	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,553	...	...	1,531	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	425,285	...	...	400,104	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	458,354	...	...	449,790	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	27,420	...	...	410,225	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	16.1	...	...	10.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	48.8	...	...	36.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,045	...	...	1,243	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,103	...	...	1,279	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	249,305	120,360	128,945	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,235
No certificate, diploma or degree	42,630	21,790	20,840	540,665	284,020	256,640
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	76,110	37,340	38,760	895,885	440,665	455,220
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	130,570	61,225	69,345	1,769,500	878,130	891,375
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	16,350	11,855	4,490	309,465	242,160	67,305
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	7,615	4,655	2,960	94,735	56,255	38,480
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	8,730	7,200	1,530	214,730	185,905	28,825
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	64,000	27,285	36,715	615,480	250,590	364,895
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,245	1,855	2,390	94,620	36,875	57,750
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	45,980	20,235	25,750	749,930	348,510	401,425
Bachelor's degree	33,920	14,515	19,405	530,085	235,610	294,470
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	3,090	1,220	1,870	39,955	18,075	21,880
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	800	405	395	21,850	11,810	10,045
Master's degree	7,360	3,595	3,770	133,265	67,215	66,055
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	810	500	310	24,770	15,805	8,965
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	166,700	80,690	86,005	2,257,820	1,131,030	1,126,795
No certificate, diploma or degree	15,850	9,195	6,650	244,755	136,085	108,675
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	46,915	23,945	22,970	569,435	283,290	286,145
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	103,935	47,545	56,390	1,443,635	711,655	731,975
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	11,410	8,290	3,125	238,220	189,180	49,035
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	5,340	3,285	2,055	69,415	42,445	26,970
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	6,070	5,005	1,070	168,805	146,740	22,065
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	51,475	21,865	29,605	496,375	203,350	293,020
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,145	1,340	1,805	73,315	29,315	44,005
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	37,905	16,055	21,850	635,730	289,810	345,920
Bachelor's degree	27,720	11,470	16,250	448,235	197,045	251,195
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,560	930	1,625	32,095	14,155	17,940
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	640	305	340	18,855	9,505	9,350
Master's degree	6,355	2,985	3,365	116,975	57,230	59,740
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	630	355	275	19,570	11,875	7,695
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	249,305	120,355	128,945	3,206,045	1,602,810	1,603,235
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	118,730	59,130	59,600	1,436,545	724,680	711,865
Education	7,705	1,785	5,920	121,930	29,000	92,930
13. Education	7,705	1,785	5,920	121,930	29,000	92,930
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	5,310	2,565	2,745	49,660	20,960	28,705
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,200	905	300	9,130	6,305	2,820
50. Visual and performing arts	4,110	1,660	2,445	40,535	14,650	25,885
Humanities	6,085	2,265	3,820	69,305	27,480	41,830
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	390	95	295	6,790	1,620	5,170
23. English language and literature/letters	1,625	425	1,200	15,110	4,270	10,840
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,590	495	1,100	20,660	7,275	13,390
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	35	20	20	225	105	125
38. Philosophy and religious studies	345	200	145	4,890	2,750	2,140
39. Theology and religious vocations	635	380	250	11,435	6,560	4,865
54. History	1,170	625	550	8,600	4,560	4,045
55. French language and literature/letters	280	20	255	1,595	345	1,250
Social and behavioural sciences and law	17,760	4,935	12,825	159,735	51,705	108,030
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	190	30	160	2,345	470	1,875
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,090	825	1,265	17,180	6,320	10,865
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	3,420	250	3,165	28,750	2,185	26,570
22. Legal professions and studies	3,555	675	2,880	29,000	9,355	19,645
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	320	40	285	2,190	605	1,580
42. Psychology	2,665	545	2,120	27,275	6,765	20,515
45. Social sciences	5,525	2,580	2,945	52,985	26,000	26,985
Business, management and public administration	27,625	10,630	16,995	361,530	133,045	228,485
30.16 Accounting and computer science	70	20	50	670	155	520
44. Public administration and social service professions	2,555	380	2,180	21,565	4,015	17,555
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	25,000	10,230	14,770	339,295	128,885	210,410
Physical and life sciences and technologies	4,035	2,025	2,010	72,850	38,330	34,525
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,730	760	970	25,850	10,955	14,895
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,015	460	560	15,410	7,270	8,145
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	65	15	50	555	170	385
40. Physical sciences	1,040	715	330	26,130	17,875	8,255
41. Science technologies/technicians	190	80	105	4,900	2,055	2,845
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	5,115	3,325	1,790	60,830	37,710	23,120
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	4,165	2,865	1,300	48,975	32,855	16,125
25. Library science	235	40	195	4,295	515	3,780
27. Mathematics and statistics	635	355	280	7,050	4,020	3,035
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	85	65	15	515	330	185
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	26,460	24,530	1,935	463,185	415,665	47,520
04. Architecture and related services	810	605	205	11,325	7,140	4,190
14. Engineering	4,600	3,910	690	110,345	89,275	21,070
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	6,370	5,755	615	84,800	72,145	12,655
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	60	10	50
46. Construction trades	5,945	5,810	130	100,370	96,810	3,560
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	5,755	5,615	135	103,880	100,100	3,785
48. Precision production	2,985	2,830	155	52,400	50,195	2,205
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,525	945	585	44,270	27,245	17,025
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	865	500	360	28,440	17,860	10,580
03. Natural resources and conservation	665	445	220	15,830	9,390	6,445
Health and related fields	19,665	3,425	16,240	270,920	51,220	219,700
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	2,200	1,185	1,015	19,300	9,110	10,195
51. Health professions and related programs	17,285	2,125	15,165	245,265	38,460	206,810
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	175	115	60	6,350	3,650	2,695
Personal, protective and transportation services	9,270	4,795	4,475	95,140	45,720	49,415
12. Personal and culinary services	4,345	1,150	3,190	57,285	14,985	42,305
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	250	230	20
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	20	0	740	655	85
43. Security and protective services	3,685	2,490	1,190	16,985	11,590	5,400
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,210	1,125	85	19,880	18,270	1,610
Other	15	0	15	150	60	95
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	20	0	15	145	60	95
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	166,700	80,685	86,010	2,257,820	1,131,025	1,126,795
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	62,760	33,135	29,620	814,190	419,370	394,820
Education	5,940	1,310	4,635	91,020	19,920	71,105
13. Education	5,940	1,305	4,640	91,025	19,920	71,100
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	4,170	2,015	2,150	40,255	16,670	23,585
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	855	650	205	7,095	4,810	2,285
50. Visual and performing arts	3,315	1,365	1,950	33,155	11,860	21,300
Humanities	4,720	1,665	3,050	55,985	21,840	34,145
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	305	60	245	5,690	1,310	4,380
23. English language and literature/letters	1,275	310	965	12,345	3,425	8,920
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,225	385	840	17,320	6,020	11,300
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	30	15	15	200	95	100
38. Philosophy and religious studies	250	130	120	3,930	2,205	1,725
39. Theology and religious vocations	465	275	185	8,500	4,960	3,545
54. History	935	480	455	6,855	3,565	3,285
55. French language and literature/letters	240	20	220	1,140	245	895
Social and behavioural sciences and law	14,845	3,935	10,910	135,545	42,855	92,685
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	145	25	120	2,025	425	1,600
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,765	715	1,055	14,880	5,360	9,520
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	2,805	170	2,635	23,730	1,770	21,960
22. Legal professions and studies	3,175	540	2,635	25,095	7,395	17,705
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	270	30	245	1,790	530	1,255
42. Psychology	2,115	370	1,745	22,460	5,290	17,170
45. Social sciences	4,565	2,085	2,475	45,565	22,095	23,465
Business, management and public administration	22,765	8,635	14,130	301,995	110,825	191,170
30.16 Accounting and computer science	60	20	35	560	135	420
44. Public administration and social service professions	2,135	325	1,810	18,035	3,130	14,910
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	20,575	8,290	12,285	283,400	107,560	175,840
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,150	1,480	1,670	58,120	29,655	28,465
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,340	565	780	20,925	8,620	12,310
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	820	345	480	12,175	5,740	6,435
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	45	0	45	460	155	305
40. Physical sciences	800	520	280	20,785	13,645	7,140
41. Science technologies/technicians	140	50	95	3,775	1,500	2,270
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	4,510	2,960	1,550	53,975	33,590	20,385
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,755	2,605	1,150	44,735	29,980	14,750
25. Library science	195	35	160	3,400	440	2,965
27. Mathematics and statistics	490	265	225	5,420	2,915	2,500
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	75	55	15	420	255	165
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	20,000	18,440	1,565	376,875	335,210	41,670
04. Architecture and related services	650	490	160	9,335	5,630	3,710
14. Engineering	3,515	2,935	580	95,005	75,840	19,170
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	4,985	4,505	480	69,300	58,610	10,690
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	55	10	50
46. Construction trades	4,460	4,350	110	80,455	77,430	3,020
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	4,270	4,165	105	81,470	78,290	3,180
48. Precision production	2,120	1,995	120	41,255	39,405	1,850
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,220	705	515	35,820	21,060	14,760
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	650	340	305	21,990	12,970	9,025
03. Natural resources and conservation	570	365	205	13,825	8,090	5,740
Health and related fields	15,495	2,675	12,815	217,640	42,225	175,410
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	1,765	915	845	15,955	7,530	8,425
51. Health professions and related programs	13,600	1,690	11,920	196,250	31,775	164,475
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	125	75	50	5,435	2,925	2,505
Personal, protective and transportation services	7,110	3,725	3,390	76,300	37,755	38,540
12. Personal and culinary services	3,195	800	2,395	44,755	12,085	32,670
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	190	170	20
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	10	0	460	410	50
43. Security and protective services	2,955	2,015	940	14,100	9,595	4,505
49. Transportation and materials moving	945	900	45	16,795	15,490	1,305
Other	10	0	10	115	55	60
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	0	10	110	55	60
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	249,305	120,355	128,945	3,206,045	1,602,810	1,603,235
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	118,730	59,130	59,605	1,436,545	724,685	711,865
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	130,570	61,230	69,345	1,769,505	878,130	891,370
Location of study inside Canada	113,160	52,430	60,730	1,424,855	709,950	714,905
Same as province or territory of residence	106,605	49,135	57,465	1,064,560	530,135	534,430
Different than province or territory of residence	6,555	3,290	3,260	360,290	179,815	180,475
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	17,415	8,805	8,610	344,645	168,180	176,465
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	2,945	1,490	1,450	45,690	25,545	20,145
Philippines	1,365	495	870	68,760	26,480	42,280
India	1,440	705	735	41,560	21,025	20,535
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	2,710	1,650	1,055	28,630	16,255	12,370
China^{Census data footnote 162}	810	390	425	18,850	8,805	10,050
France	100	60	40	2,150	1,275	875
Other	8,040	4,005	4,035	139,010	68,800	70,210
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	166,695	80,685	86,010	2,257,820	1,131,030	1,126,795
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	62,760	33,135	29,620	814,190	419,375	394,820
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	103,940	47,545	56,390	1,443,630	711,655	731,980
Location of study inside Canada	91,145	41,420	49,725	1,150,780	572,180	578,595
Same as province or territory of residence	86,035	38,900	47,135	857,370	426,365	431,010
Different than province or territory of residence	5,110	2,515	2,595	293,410	145,820	147,590
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	12,795	6,130	6,665	292,850	139,470	153,380
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	2,415	1,180	1,230	34,655	18,640	16,015
Philippines	1,050	360	690	64,000	24,435	39,565
India	1,200	565	625	37,240	18,505	18,740
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	1,200	715	480	20,065	11,390	8,675
China^{Census data footnote 162}	695	325	370	16,600	7,630	8,965
France	90	60	30	1,870	1,105	765
Other	6,155	2,925	3,225	118,425	57,770	60,655
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	249,305	120,360	128,950	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,235
In the labour force	164,360	83,990	80,370	2,302,945	1,238,280	1,064,655
Employed	150,140	76,355	73,785	2,096,105	1,114,360	981,745
Unemployed	14,220	7,630	6,590	206,835	123,925	82,910
Not in the labour force	84,945	36,370	48,570	903,105	364,525	538,580
Participation rate	65.9	69.8	62.3	71.8	77.3	66.4
Employment rate	60.2	63.4	57.2	65.4	69.5	61.2
Unemployment rate	8.7	9.1	8.2	9.0	10.0	7.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	249,305	120,360	128,950	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,235
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	81,680	34,685	46,995	806,150	318,845	487,310
Worked	167,620	85,670	81,950	2,399,895	1,283,965	1,115,930
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	90,470	50,535	39,935	1,193,860	698,530	495,330
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	77,155	35,140	42,015	1,206,035	585,430	620,595
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.3	43.9	42.7	42.5	43.1	41.7
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	164,360	83,985	80,370	2,302,940	1,238,285	1,064,660
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	4,415	2,100	2,315	40,005	18,650	21,360
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	159,945	81,890	78,055	2,262,935	1,219,635	1,043,300
Employee	145,870	73,090	72,785	1,984,225	1,042,630	941,595
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	14,075	8,800	5,275	278,710	177,010	101,705
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	164,360	83,990	80,375	2,302,940	1,238,280	1,064,660
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	4,415	2,100	2,315	40,010	18,645	21,360
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	159,945	81,890	78,055	2,262,935	1,219,635	1,043,300
0 Management occupations	17,780	10,680	7,095	261,505	167,260	94,245
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	25,630	7,215	18,415	353,965	95,685	258,280
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	9,710	7,670	2,045	175,025	136,240	38,795
3 Health occupations	9,625	1,520	8,105	150,415	28,130	122,290
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	19,835	6,145	13,685	228,325	74,105	154,220
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	4,410	1,995	2,410	50,170	19,960	30,210
6 Sales and service occupations	39,420	16,815	22,605	491,495	204,245	287,255
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	24,010	22,480	1,525	406,495	376,375	30,120
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,790	1,520	270	72,465	59,465	13,000
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	7,740	5,845	1,900	73,070	58,170	14,895
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	164,360	83,985	80,370	2,302,940	1,238,280	1,064,660
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	4,415	2,100	2,315	40,005	18,650	21,360
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	159,945	81,890	78,055	2,262,935	1,219,630	1,043,305
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	490	280	215	64,035	43,045	20,990
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	280	190	90	142,490	109,105	33,390
22 Utilities	3,670	2,695	975	21,940	15,345	6,595
23 Construction	12,205	10,840	1,365	236,370	201,640	34,730
31-33 Manufacturing	14,345	10,545	3,800	127,535	96,045	31,490
41 Wholesale trade	6,160	4,215	1,945	80,610	56,840	23,775
44-45 Retail trade	19,495	9,335	10,155	249,880	115,065	134,810
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	7,820	6,030	1,790	115,295	83,675	31,620
51 Information and cultural industries	4,485	2,485	2,000	33,045	18,625	14,420
52 Finance and insurance	8,650	3,570	5,080	69,225	25,230	43,995
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	2,965	1,425	1,540	41,520	23,075	18,450
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	10,240	5,340	4,900	167,800	94,565	73,240
55 Management of companies and enterprises	320	125	190	5,560	2,760	2,795
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	8,315	4,620	3,700	87,350	49,595	37,760
61 Educational services	13,260	3,790	9,470	147,270	44,160	103,110
62 Health care and social assistance	17,420	2,570	14,850	245,875	41,235	204,645
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	3,480	1,860	1,620	44,880	21,550	23,335
72 Accommodation and food services	10,430	4,055	6,370	153,790	62,220	91,570
81 Other services (except public administration)	6,285	2,925	3,360	105,865	50,455	55,405
91 Public administration	9,635	4,990	4,640	122,595	65,420	57,175
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	150,145	76,360	73,790	2,096,110	1,114,360	981,745
Worked at home	9,050	4,290	4,760	162,465	77,935	84,530
Worked outside Canada	325	210	115	6,270	4,715	1,555
No fixed workplace address	17,765	13,055	4,710	307,065	236,995	70,070
Worked at usual place	122,995	58,795	64,200	1,620,310	794,720	825,595
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	122,995	58,795	64,200	1,620,310	794,720	825,595
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	38,165	15,185	22,985	1,186,170	554,850	631,330
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	41,245	19,585	21,660	358,010	190,730	167,280
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	43,265	23,825	19,440	64,360	41,925	22,435
Commute to a different province or territory	320	195	120	11,770	7,210	4,560
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	140,765	71,850	68,915	1,927,375	1,031,710	895,665
Car, truck, van - as a driver	110,640	58,575	52,070	1,497,440	832,890	664,545
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	8,785	4,155	4,630	99,635	40,215	59,420
Public transit	15,140	6,375	8,765	194,560	88,325	106,235
Walked	4,445	1,795	2,655	85,805	38,030	47,775
Bicycle	430	335	90	21,925	14,685	7,240
Other method	1,320	610	705	28,015	17,560	10,455
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	140,765	71,850	68,915	1,927,375	1,031,710	895,665
Less than 15 minutes	33,320	13,665	19,655	519,085	237,105	281,980
15 to 29 minutes	40,485	19,125	21,360	706,940	377,165	329,780
30 to 44 minutes	20,695	11,690	9,010	422,070	243,905	178,165
45 to 59 minutes	14,885	8,945	5,945	148,620	86,485	62,135
60 minutes and over	31,380	18,430	12,950	130,665	87,060	43,605
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	140,765	71,850	68,915	1,927,375	1,031,710	895,665
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	14,420	10,620	3,800	145,660	107,460	38,200
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	27,825	15,990	11,830	395,425	254,225	141,200
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	33,450	15,640	17,810	567,530	297,825	269,705
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	24,870	9,415	15,460	347,270	147,425	199,845
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	14,310	6,080	8,230	188,660	77,175	111,490
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	25,890	14,110	11,780	282,820	147,600	135,225
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	172,950	88,290	84,660	2,467,410	1,314,320	1,153,090
Single responses	171,645	87,745	83,900	2,446,600	1,304,240	1,142,360
Official languages	171,090	87,470	83,625	2,425,545	1,292,940	1,132,610
English	170,200	87,260	82,940	2,418,990	1,290,870	1,128,120
French	890	205	685	6,560	2,070	4,490
Non-official languages	555	285	275	21,055	11,305	9,750
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	1,000	550	450
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	670	355	315
Blackfoot	0	0	0	75	50	30
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	565	295	270
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	10	10	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	30	10	20
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	535	280	255
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	20	15	10
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	25	15	10
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	75	45	30
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	75	40	35
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	60	35	25
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	10	10	10
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	255	155	105
Dakota	0	0	0	15	10	10
Stoney	0	0	0	240	140	95
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	555	285	270	20,050	10,755	9,300
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	10	10	940	575	360
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	100	45	55
Bilen	0	0	0	10	0	10
Oromo	0	0	0	25	15	15
Somali	0	0	0	60	25	35
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	10	0	840	530	305
Amharic	0	0	0	85	50	35
Arabic	10	10	0	610	415	195
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	10	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	50	15	35
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	40	15	25
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	25	25
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	0	15	1,305	515	790
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	15	10	0
Vietnamese	20	0	15	1,290	505	780
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	10	0	0	850	420	430
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	15	0	10
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	10	0	10
Ilocano	0	0	0	30	10	20
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	10	10	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	10	785	405	380
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	30	20	10	55	25	35
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	10	0	15	10	0
Tamil	25	20	10	35	15	15
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	210	110	100	8,280	4,855	3,425
Albanian	0	0	0	30	20	10
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	50	20	35	690	335	355
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	50	15	35	695	335	360
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	15	15	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Croatian	0	0	0	15	10	15
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Polish	25	10	25	220	135	85
Russian	10	10	0	275	120	160
Serbian	0	0	0	25	0	20
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	25	0	20
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	10	0	0	100	40	55
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	10	0	2,535	1,700	840
Afrikaans	0	0	0	30	10	20
Danish	0	0	0	10	0	10
Dutch	0	0	0	145	80	65
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	2,160	1,455	700
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Swedish	0	0	0	15	10	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	165	135	30
Greek	0	0	0	20	15	0
Indo-Iranian languages	55	25	30	3,215	1,870	1,350
Indo-Aryan languages	50	20	30	3,010	1,735	1,275
Bengali	0	0	0	25	10	15
Gujarati	10	0	10	75	15	60
Hindi	0	0	0	210	110	100
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	40	20	15
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	0	0	2,480	1,510	970
Sindhi	0	0	0	10	0	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	0	10	10	10	0
Urdu	30	20	15	155	50	100
Iranian languages	10	10	0	200	130	70
Kurdish	0	0	0	15	10	0
Pashto	0	0	0	15	15	0
Persian (Farsi)	10	0	0	175	105	70
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	100	65	35	1,780	920	860
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	10	0	10	30	10	15
Portuguese	25	20	10	140	70	70
Romanian	0	0	0	50	30	20
Spanish	55	40	20	1,560	800	760
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	195	75	125
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	15	0	10	785	350	435
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	35	10	30
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	10	0	0	30	10	25
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	0	10	230	120	115
American Sign Language	10	0	10	125	40	85
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	105	80	30
Sino-Tibetan languages	255	135	120	7,080	3,665	3,420
Chinese languages	255	135	120	7,035	3,635	3,400
Cantonese	70	25	40	4,545	2,340	2,205
Hakka	0	0	0	15	0	10
Mandarin	180	105	80	2,170	1,125	1,045
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	30	10	15
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	10	0	275	155	125
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	45	30	20
Burmese	0	0	0	10	10	10
Karenic languages	0	0	0	25	15	10
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	125	60	65
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	130	60	65
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	80	35	45
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	65	30	30
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	10	0	10
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Uralic languages	0	0	0	70	45	25
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	10	10	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	65	40	25
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Multiple responses	1,310	540	765	20,810	10,080	10,735
English and French	775	290	485	4,525	2,050	2,475
English and non-official language	510	240	265	15,935	7,860	8,075
French and non-official language	0	0	0	55	25	30
English, French and non-official language	20	10	10	295	140	155
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	172,955	88,290	84,665	2,467,410	1,314,320	1,153,095
None	168,220	86,080	82,140	2,370,575	1,264,955	1,105,620
English	840	235	605	13,805	6,540	7,270
French	2,170	980	1,185	23,920	11,380	12,545
Non-official language	1,665	970	695	57,640	30,700	26,935
Aboriginal	0	0	10	5,045	2,370	2,680
Non-Aboriginal	1,660	965	695	52,590	28,335	24,260
English and French	0	0	0	30	15	15
English and non-official language	25	0	20	215	105	110
French and non-official language	35	15	10	1,220	625	595
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	10	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	302,400	147,645	154,755	3,925,440	1,971,515	1,953,920
Non-movers	268,565	131,105	137,455	3,318,340	1,667,060	1,651,280
Movers	33,835	16,535	17,295	607,095	304,450	302,640
Non-migrants	15,710	7,510	8,200	394,230	199,640	194,590
Migrants	18,125	9,025	9,095	212,865	104,815	108,050
Internal migrants	17,005	8,445	8,555	166,390	82,335	84,055
Intraprovincial migrants	16,155	8,025	8,135	120,105	59,845	60,260
Interprovincial migrants	845	420	425	46,280	22,490	23,795
External migrants	1,120	580	540	46,475	22,480	23,995
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	288,240	140,440	147,805	3,714,635	1,863,450	1,851,190
Non-movers	183,435	89,630	93,810	2,052,580	1,028,510	1,024,070
Movers	104,805	50,810	54,000	1,662,055	834,935	827,120
Non-migrants	47,950	23,050	24,905	899,165	454,700	444,465
Migrants	56,850	27,760	29,090	762,890	380,235	382,655
Internal migrants	51,825	25,180	26,650	559,860	280,255	279,610
Intraprovincial migrants	49,600	24,130	25,470	333,775	165,900	167,875
Interprovincial migrants	2,225	1,045	1,180	226,090	114,355	111,730
External migrants	5,025	2,580	2,445	203,025	99,980	103,045

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Oshawa [Population centre], Ontario and Alberta [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 6, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Oshawa [Population centre], Ontario and Alberta [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Oshawa [Population centre], Ontario and Alberta [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Oshawa [Population centre], Ontario and Alberta [Province]