Census Profile, 2016 Census
Québec [Population centre], Quebec and Yukon [Territory]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Québec Quebec [Population centre]			Yukon [Territory]
	Data quality , Québec [Population centre], Quebec Map : Québec [Population centre], Quebec Change geography 1			Data quality : Yukon [Territory] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	705,103	...	...	35,874	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	681,804 ^r	...	...	33,897	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	3.4	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	341,184	...	...	17,987	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	324,430	...	...	15,215	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,648.8	...	...	0.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	427.66	...	...	474,712.68	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	705,105	341,815	363,285	35,875	18,075	17,795
0 to 14 years	104,580	53,230	51,350	6,280	3,355	2,920
0 to 4 years	35,290	18,070	17,225	2,135	1,155	985
5 to 9 years	36,890	18,755	18,135	2,120	1,130	995
10 to 14 years	32,400	16,405	15,990	2,020	1,075	945
15 to 64 years	459,915	228,530	231,390	25,340	12,500	12,835
15 to 19 years	33,820	17,130	16,685	1,935	1,000	930
20 to 24 years	46,810	23,155	23,660	1,965	1,035	930
25 to 29 years	46,645	23,525	23,120	2,550	1,245	1,310
30 to 34 years	45,620	23,405	22,210	2,890	1,395	1,495
35 to 39 years	47,855	24,295	23,565	2,590	1,235	1,355
40 to 44 years	41,610	21,025	20,590	2,540	1,170	1,370
45 to 49 years	41,485	20,645	20,835	2,465	1,210	1,245
50 to 54 years	51,330	25,290	26,035	2,880	1,390	1,495
55 to 59 years	54,610	26,415	28,190	2,995	1,505	1,490
60 to 64 years	50,135	23,640	26,495	2,530	1,315	1,220
65 years and over	140,605	60,060	80,545	4,260	2,220	2,040
65 to 69 years	45,465	21,215	24,250	1,845	980	870
70 to 74 years	35,820	16,240	19,580	1,090	605	485
75 to 79 years	23,665	10,240	13,430	645	350	295
80 to 84 years	17,320	6,805	10,515	375	160	215
85 years and over	18,340	5,565	12,770	300	125	175
85 to 89 years	11,460	3,855	7,605	195	90	105
90 to 94 years	5,340	1,435	3,905	80	30	50
95 to 99 years	1,360	255	1,105	20	5	20
100 years and over	180	20	160	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.8	15.6	14.1	17.5	18.6	16.4
15 to 64 years	65.2	66.9	63.7	70.6	69.2	72.1
65 years and over	19.9	17.6	22.2	11.9	12.3	11.5
85 years and over	2.6	1.6	3.5	0.8	0.7	1.0
Average age of the population	42.9	41.5	44.2	39.1	38.8	39.4
Median age of the population	43.2	41.4	45.1	39.5	39.0	39.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	324,430	...	...	15,215	...	...
Single-detached house	119,150	...	...	9,430	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	22,095	...	...	50	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	181,245	...	...	4,550	...	...
Semi-detached house	18,675	...	...	1,160	...	...
Row house	8,390	...	...	950	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	21,060	...	...	605	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	131,825	...	...	1,770	...	...
Other single-attached house	1,285	...	...	65	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	1,940	...	...	1,185	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	324,430	...	...	15,215	...	...
1 person	119,135	...	...	4,900	...	...
2 persons	116,420	...	...	5,180	...	...
3 persons	40,665	...	...	2,255	...	...
4 persons	34,655	...	...	1,860	...	...
5 or more persons	13,560	...	...	1,025	...	...
Number of persons in private households	685,040	...	...	35,110	...	...
Average household size	2.1	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	600,520	288,585	311,935	29,595	14,725	14,870
Married or living common law	335,145	167,715	167,430	16,445	8,210	8,235
Married	178,660	89,255	89,410	11,345	5,680	5,670
Living common law	156,480	78,465	78,015	5,095	2,530	2,570
Not married and not living common law	265,375	120,870	144,510	13,150	6,515	6,635
Never married	181,940	95,170	86,770	9,150	4,905	4,245
Separated	7,970	3,485	4,485	845	370	470
Divorced	41,615	15,230	26,380	2,105	975	1,130
Widowed	33,855	6,985	26,870	1,060	265	795
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	193,265	...	...	9,845	...	...
2 persons	109,980	...	...	5,330	...	...
3 persons	37,830	...	...	2,060	...	...
4 persons	33,530	...	...	1,745	...	...
5 or more persons	11,925	...	...	710	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	193,270	...	...	9,845	...	...
Total couple families	164,055	...	...	7,970	...	...
Married couples	85,885	...	...	5,425	...	...
Common-law couples	78,170	...	...	2,545	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	29,220	...	...	1,875	...	...
Female parent	21,240	...	...	1,390	...	...
Male parent	7,970	...	...	480	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	164,050	...	...	7,970	...	...
Couples without children	91,490	...	...	4,130	...	...
Couples with children	72,565	...	...	3,840	...	...
1 child	29,235	...	...	1,575	...	...
2 children	31,780	...	...	1,600	...	...
3 or more children	11,545	...	...	660	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	29,215	...	...	1,875	...	...
1 child	18,495	...	...	1,195	...	...
2 children	8,595	...	...	485	...	...
3 or more children	2,130	...	...	195	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	154,545	71,820	82,730	7,505	3,895	3,610
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	324,430	...	...	15,215	...	...
One-census-family households	190,970	...	...	9,345	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	90,455	...	...	3,915	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	100,510	...	...	5,430	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	1,140	...	...	245	...	...
Non-census-family households	132,320	...	...	5,620	...	...
One-person households	119,140	...	...	4,900	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	13,185	...	...	720	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	694,380	337,840	356,535	35,555	17,895	17,660
English only	1,530	815	710	30,430	15,530	14,895
French only	415,730	185,870	229,860	85	40	45
English and French	275,160	150,290	124,875	4,900	2,260	2,640
Neither English nor French	1,955	870	1,085	140	65	75
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	694,375	337,840	356,535	35,555	17,895	17,660
English	10,740	5,505	5,240	33,720	16,960	16,760
French	675,785	328,275	347,515	1,575	815	755
English and French	5,985	3,250	2,735	125	55	70
Neither English nor French	1,865	810	1,050	140	65	75
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	13,735	7,130	6,605	1,635	845	790
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	2.0	2.1	1.9	4.6	4.7	4.5
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	694,375	337,845	356,535	35,560	17,900	17,660
Single responses	687,545	334,300	353,250	34,885	17,555	17,330
Official languages	658,495	319,855	338,635	30,675	15,585	15,095
English	9,125	4,680	4,445	29,105	14,775	14,335
French	649,370	315,175	334,195	1,570	810	755
Non-official languages	29,050	14,440	14,610	4,210	1,970	2,235
Aboriginal languages	590	230	360	675	295	380
Algonquian languages	580	225	350	25	5	20
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	565	225	340	20	5	20
Atikamekw	40	20	25	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	510	205	310	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	5	5	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	5	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	5	5	20	5	20
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	5	10	5	5	0
Algonquin	10	0	5	5	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	5	5	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	560	250	305
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	545	245	300
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	10	0	5
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	80	40	45
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	5	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	170	85	85
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	165	85	85
Tahltan	0	0	0	5	5	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	285	115	165
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	210	90	125
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	70	30	35
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	10	5	5	20	10	15
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	10	5	5
Inuktitut	10	0	5	5	5	5
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	5	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	65	25	40
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	5	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	28,460	14,210	14,250	3,530	1,675	1,860
Afro-Asiatic languages	5,955	3,325	2,630	50	25	25
Berber languages	745	415	330	0	0	0
Kabyle	390	215	175	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	355	205	150	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	45	20	25	10	5	5
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	45	20	20	5	5	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	5,135	2,870	2,265	40	25	20
Amharic	5	0	5	5	0	0
Arabic	5,110	2,860	2,250	35	20	15
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	5	5	5	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	10	5	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,255	595	660	50	30	25
Khmer (Cambodian)	400	180	215	0	0	0
Vietnamese	855	415	440	50	25	25
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5	0	5	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	375	145	230	990	415	575
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	25	0	20	80	35	45
Fijian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	40	15	25
Ilocano	5	0	5	35	15	20
Malagasy	210	95	115	0	0	0
Malay	20	10	15	15	5	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	5	5	5	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	85	25	60	805	335	465
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	5	5	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	10	0	5
Creole languages	565	265	300	25	10	15
Haitian Creole	45	20	25	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	515	240	275	15	5	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	15	0	10
Dravidian languages	30	20	10	55	30	25
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	5	0	25	10	15
Tamil	15	10	5	25	10	10
Telugu	10	5	0	5	5	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	15,345	7,430	7,915	1,715	885	825
Albanian	210	105	105	5	0	5
Armenian	60	30	30	0	0	5
Balto-Slavic languages	2,540	1,195	1,345	295	150	150
Baltic languages	25	15	10	5	5	0
Latvian	15	5	5	0	5	0
Lithuanian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Slavic languages	2,515	1,180	1,335	290	145	145
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	625	315	310	5	0	5
Bulgarian	230	110	125	5	0	0
Croatian	95	50	50	5	5	5
Czech	40	15	20	55	30	25
Macedonian	10	5	0	0	0	0
Polish	285	130	155	65	35	30
Russian	640	265	370	75	35	45
Serbian	160	80	75	5	5	0
Serbo-Croatian	275	130	145	5	5	5
Slovak	25	10	10	5	0	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	5	15	5	10
Ukrainian	120	55	65	50	25	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	5	0	5	10	5	5
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	0	0	5	0
Welsh	0	0	0	5	0	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Germanic languages	655	290	365	945	495	445
Afrikaans	10	5	5	10	5	5
Danish	10	5	5	20	10	5
Dutch	115	60	55	115	50	60
Frisian	0	0	0	0	5	0
German	460	185	275	765	415	355
Icelandic	0	0	0	5	5	0
Norwegian	5	0	5	10	5	5
Swedish	35	15	15	15	10	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	10	10	5	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Greek	95	55	40	10	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,655	815	835	215	115	100
Indo-Aryan languages	1,030	525	510	190	100	95
Bengali	70	40	30	25	5	15
Gujarati	15	10	5	20	20	5
Hindi	40	25	15	35	20	15
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	5	0	0	0
Marathi	5	5	5	0	0	0
Nepali	845	420	425	0	0	5
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	5	5	85	40	45
Sindhi	5	0	5	0	5	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	5	5	0	5
Urdu	30	15	15	20	10	10
Iranian languages	525	260	265	25	20	10
Kurdish	50	30	15	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	480	230	245	25	20	5
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	95	35	60	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10,130	4,935	5,195	225	105	120
Catalan	15	10	5	5	0	5
Italian	595	335	260	25	15	10
Portuguese	1,615	800	815	15	5	5
Romanian	825	395	430	10	10	5
Spanish	7,070	3,390	3,680	170	75	95
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Japanese	155	45	110	95	40	55
Kartvelian languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Georgian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Korean	40	10	30	45	10	30
Mongolic languages	0	0	5	0	0	5
Mongolian	0	0	0	5	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	2,780	1,435	1,345	25	15	10
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	75	40	30	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	45	25	25	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	160	95	60	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	5	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	115	55	55	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	480	235	240	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	305	135	170	5	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	505	245	260	0	0	0
Wolof	305	165	135	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	10	5	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	785	420	355	10	5	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	35	20	15	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	30	20	15	0	0	0
Sign languages	110	55	60	20	10	5
American Sign Language	0	0	0	10	5	5
Quebec Sign Language	65	25	35	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	50	25	20	5	5	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,335	635	705	350	150	195
Chinese languages	1,235	575	655	350	155	195
Cantonese	265	135	125	225	100	120
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	5
Mandarin	835	380	460	95	40	60
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	35	15	20	15	10	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	20	5	10	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	80	45	40	15	5	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	100	50	45	0	0	0
Burmese	10	5	10	0	0	0
Karenic languages	70	35	30	0	0	0
Tibetan	5	5	5	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	190	70	115	30	5	25
Lao	120	55	60	5	5	5
Thai	70	15	55	25	5	25
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	90	55	35	0	5	0
Azerbaijani	15	10	5	0	0	0
Turkish	65	45	20	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Uralic languages	135	75	65	75	40	35
Estonian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	10	5	5	25	15	10
Hungarian	125	70	60	45	30	20
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	55	40	20	5	0	0
Multiple responses	6,835	3,545	3,285	675	345	330
English and French	3,270	1,720	1,550	220	115	100
English and non-official language	220	120	105	420	210	215
French and non-official language	3,060	1,560	1,505	15	10	10
English, French and non-official language	275	150	130	15	10	10
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	694,380	337,840	356,535	35,560	17,900	17,660
Single responses	683,910	332,580	351,330	34,730	17,510	17,220
Official languages	669,250	325,450	343,800	33,135	16,735	16,400
English	6,780	3,480	3,300	32,270	16,315	15,960
French	662,470	321,970	340,500	860	420	435
Non-official languages	14,660	7,130	7,525	1,600	775	825
Aboriginal languages	280	120	170	75	45	35
Algonquian languages	275	115	155	0	5	5
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	270	110	155	0	0	5
Atikamekw	10	5	5	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	260	110	150	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	5	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	5	0	5	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	65	35	35
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	65	35	35
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	15	10	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	20	10	10
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	30	15	15
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	25	15	10
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	5	0	5
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	5	0	5	0	5	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	5	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Iroquoian languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	5	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	5	5
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	14,375	7,015	7,360	1,520	730	785
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,225	1,145	1,080	30	15	15
Berber languages	235	120	115	0	0	0
Kabyle	165	80	80	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	75	35	35	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	10	5	5	5	5	5
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	10	5	5	0	5	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,965	1,015	950	20	10	10
Amharic	0	0	0	5	0	0
Arabic	1,955	1,010	945	20	10	10
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	5	0	5	5	0	5
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	675	300	375	25	15	15
Khmer (Cambodian)	185	75	105	0	0	0
Vietnamese	485	220	265	30	15	15
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5	0	5	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	95	50	50	555	255	305
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	35	20	15
Fijian	0	0	0	5	0	5
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	20	5	10
Ilocano	0	0	0	15	5	10
Malagasy	65	30	35	0	0	0
Malay	5	5	0	5	5	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	10	10	475	215	260
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0	0	0
Creole languages	145	60	80	5	0	0
Haitian Creole	5	0	5	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	135	60	75	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Dravidian languages	10	5	5	35	20	15
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	5	0	0	15	10	10
Tamil	5	5	5	15	10	5
Telugu	0	0	5	0	5	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	9,080	4,405	4,675	540	280	260
Albanian	105	50	50	0	0	0
Armenian	35	20	15	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,390	675	720	85	40	45
Baltic languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Latvian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	1,380	670	710	85	40	40
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	370	180	190	0	0	0
Bulgarian	135	70	70	0	0	0
Croatian	55	25	25	5	0	0
Czech	10	5	5	15	5	5
Macedonian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Polish	100	45	55	20	15	10
Russian	390	185	205	30	15	15
Serbian	100	55	45	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	140	65	75	5	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ukrainian	70	35	35	0	0	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	100	45	55	245	125	115
Afrikaans	0	0	0	10	5	5
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	20	10	10	10	0	5
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	75	30	40	225	115	105
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	5	5	5	5	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	20	10	10	5	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,380	670	710	100	55	45
Indo-Aryan languages	910	450	465	90	45	40
Bengali	45	25	25	15	5	10
Gujarati	15	10	10	15	10	0
Hindi	15	10	5	15	10	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	815	400	415	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	45	20	25
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	15	10	5	10	5	5
Iranian languages	380	185	195	15	10	5
Kurdish	20	10	10	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	360	175	185	15	15	5
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	85	40	50	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	6,055	2,940	3,115	110	50	60
Catalan	5	0	5	0	0	0
Italian	115	50	65	5	0	0
Portuguese	1,075	535	540	0	0	0
Romanian	455	230	230	5	5	5
Spanish	4,400	2,120	2,275	100	45	50
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Japanese	60	25	40	50	25	25
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	15	5	15	25	10	10
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	765	360	405	5	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	15	5	10	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	10	5	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	30	15	10	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	170	80	95	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	55	20	30	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	5	0	0
Swahili	170	85	90	0	0	0
Wolof	105	55	50	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	190	85	105	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	5	5	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0	0	0
Sign languages	145	75	70	15	10	5
American Sign Language	0	0	0	10	5	5
Quebec Sign Language	75	40	35	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	65	30	30	5	0	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,000	510	490	220	100	120
Chinese languages	905	460	445	215	95	120
Cantonese	165	85	80	155	70	90
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	650	330	320	55	25	30
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	10	10	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	60	30	30	5	5	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	90	50	45	0	0	0
Burmese	15	5	5	0	0	0
Karenic languages	65	35	30	0	0	0
Tibetan	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	70	30	40	10	0	5
Lao	40	20	25	5	0	0
Thai	25	10	15	10	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	30	15	20	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	5	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	25	10	10	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Uralic languages	30	10	15	10	5	5
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	5	5	0	0	0
Hungarian	30	10	15	10	5	5
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	20	10	5	5	0	0
Multiple responses	10,465	5,260	5,205	830	385	445
English and French	3,220	1,710	1,510	120	60	60
English and non-official language	240	120	125	680	315	370
French and non-official language	6,340	3,095	3,245	5	0	5
English, French and non-official language	675	345	335	15	10	10
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	694,375	337,840	356,535	35,555	17,895	17,660
None	640,535	309,505	331,035	31,490	15,990	15,500
English	30,420	16,775	13,640	1,250	590	660
French	10,530	5,190	5,335	890	425	470
Non-official language	10,820	5,325	5,490	1,830	845	985
Aboriginal	225	85	135	585	275	315
Non-Aboriginal	10,595	5,245	5,355	1,245	575	675
English and French	555	295	260	20	10	10
English and non-official language	1,215	605	610	35	15	20
French and non-official language	270	120	150	45	25	25
English, French and non-official language	35	25	10	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	580,635	281,715	298,920	28,895	14,325	14,565
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	568,810	276,155	292,650	27,975	13,845	14,135
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,803	42,567	33,513	45,804	48,685	43,192
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	568,910	276,170	292,740	27,975	13,840	14,130
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,997	36,487	29,752	41,235	43,240	39,353
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	524,590	259,240	265,350	26,300	13,005	13,295
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,117	39,450	29,074	43,961	47,135	40,806
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	428,965	193,515	235,460	17,670	8,205	9,465
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,039	5,527	7,949	4,724	4,742	4,708
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	420,490	216,165	204,325	23,940	11,925	12,015
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,063	38,768	31,545	43,341	45,938	40,804
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	580,810	281,770	299,040	28,880	14,315	14,565
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	569,160	276,310	292,850	27,920	13,860	14,060
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	45,592	52,074	39,476	53,809	57,649	50,023
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	569,220	276,315	292,905	27,925	13,860	14,065
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,323	41,823	33,077	45,994	48,598	43,429
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	524,845	259,885	264,960	26,255	13,035	13,220
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,682	49,786	35,713	52,102	56,529	47,736
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	428,785	193,345	235,440	17,700	8,290	9,415
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,274	7,499	8,911	7,595	7,499	7,680
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	420,610	216,875	203,740	23,940	11,940	12,005
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,975	46,621	37,029	50,089	53,885	46,314
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	580,810	281,770	299,040	28,880	14,315	14,565
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	195,850	104,630	91,220	10,655	5,325	5,330
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	49,687	53,907	45,639	67,699	72,122	64,301
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	57,242	62,492	51,220	70,536	75,141	65,936
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	86.3	89.9	81.8	91.1	92.4	89.7
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	68.1	70.4	65.2	78.7	79.2	78.0
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	13.7	10.1	18.2	8.9	7.6	10.3
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	580,635	281,715	298,920	28,895	14,325	14,570
Without total income	11,825	5,560	6,265	920	485	435
With total income	568,810	276,150	292,655	27,975	13,840	14,130
Percentage with total income	98.0	98.0	97.9	96.8	96.6	97.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	54,610	23,910	30,695	2,875	1,460	1,415
$10,000 to $19,999	91,970	36,060	55,915	3,350	1,575	1,775
$20,000 to $29,999	77,965	32,840	45,125	3,455	1,605	1,845
$30,000 to $39,999	77,455	35,580	41,870	2,815	1,240	1,575
$40,000 to $49,999	73,405	35,080	38,320	2,545	1,195	1,345
$50,000 to $59,999	56,990	29,820	27,170	2,340	1,115	1,225
$60,000 to $69,999	40,485	22,870	17,615	2,370	1,115	1,255
$70,000 to $79,999	30,745	17,595	13,150	2,095	1,010	1,085
$80,000 to $89,999	20,275	11,915	8,360	1,725	885	840
$90,000 to $99,999	11,780	7,535	4,240	1,340	710	630
$100,000 and over	33,140	22,940	10,200	3,065	1,930	1,135
$100,000 to $149,999	22,825	15,325	7,500	2,325	1,410	910
$150,000 and over	10,310	7,615	2,700	740	520	225
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	580,640	281,715	298,920	28,890	14,325	14,565
Without after-tax income	11,720	5,545	6,175	920	485	435
With after-tax income	568,915	276,170	292,740	27,975	13,840	14,135
Percentage with after-tax income	98.0	98.0	97.9	96.8	96.6	97.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	58,580	24,465	34,115	2,935	1,485	1,445
$10,000 to $19,999	95,855	38,310	57,545	3,525	1,660	1,860
$20,000 to $29,999	98,935	42,800	56,135	3,860	1,800	2,065
$30,000 to $39,999	103,370	49,435	53,930	3,285	1,480	1,810
$40,000 to $49,999	81,335	42,265	39,075	3,080	1,450	1,630
$50,000 to $59,999	53,360	30,175	23,185	3,045	1,445	1,600
$60,000 to $69,999	32,730	18,715	14,010	2,685	1,305	1,380
$70,000 to $79,999	16,485	10,335	6,155	2,095	1,085	1,010
$80,000 and over	28,265	19,660	8,605	3,475	2,125	1,345
$80,000 to $89,999	9,305	6,140	3,165	1,285	710	580
$90,000 to $99,999	5,620	3,865	1,750	780	490	290
$100,000 and over	13,350	9,655	3,690	1,405	930	480
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	580,635	281,715	298,925	28,890	14,325	14,570
Without employment income	160,145	65,550	94,595	4,950	2,400	2,550
With employment income	420,490	216,165	204,325	23,945	11,930	12,015
Percentage with employment income	72.4	76.7	68.4	82.9	83.3	82.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	49,395	25,890	23,505	2,715	1,355	1,360
$5,000 to $9,999	31,130	13,735	17,390	1,605	745	860
$10,000 to $19,999	56,280	25,265	31,020	2,635	1,245	1,390
$20,000 to $29,999	48,445	22,110	26,335	2,275	1,050	1,225
$30,000 to $39,999	51,405	24,205	27,205	2,060	995	1,065
$40,000 to $49,999	47,860	23,155	24,705	1,985	940	1,040
$50,000 to $59,999	36,660	19,885	16,770	1,875	855	1,025
$60,000 to $69,999	28,565	16,440	12,125	1,980	885	1,095
$70,000 to $79,999	23,550	13,585	9,965	1,750	845	905
$80,000 and over	47,210	31,895	15,310	5,065	3,015	2,055
$80,000 to $89,999	14,505	9,070	5,435	1,495	810	680
$90,000 to $99,999	8,675	5,765	2,910	1,135	610	530
$100,000 and over	24,030	17,065	6,970	2,435	1,590	845
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	324,430	...	...	15,215	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	63,447	...	...	84,521	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	54,395	...	...	73,935	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	119,135	...	...	4,900	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	35,650	...	...	42,170	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,418	...	...	38,536	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	205,295	...	...	10,315	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	86,649	...	...	110,664	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	73,255	...	...	96,068	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	324,515	...	...	15,215	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	79,962	...	...	98,739	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	65,466	...	...	84,412	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	119,150	...	...	4,920	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	41,931	...	...	50,317	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	34,924	...	...	43,443	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	205,365	...	...	10,295	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	102,027	...	...	121,861	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	83,186	...	...	103,975	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	324,430	...	...	15,215	...	...
Under $5,000	2,680	...	...	225	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	3,965	...	...	155	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	9,975	...	...	290	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	14,535	...	...	555	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	15,005	...	...	670	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	12,880	...	...	480	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	15,805	...	...	510	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	16,885	...	...	505	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	16,700	...	...	510	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	15,700	...	...	455	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	29,000	...	...	910	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	25,430	...	...	965	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	22,845	...	...	935	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	19,795	...	...	960	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	16,670	...	...	860	...	...
$100,000 and over	86,555	...	...	6,220	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	32,690	...	...	1,725	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	20,945	...	...	1,400	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	19,730	...	...	1,850	...	...
$200,000 and over	13,185	...	...	1,250	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	324,430	...	...	15,215	...	...
Under $5,000	2,925	...	...	235	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	4,050	...	...	160	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	10,105	...	...	295	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	15,320	...	...	580	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	17,225	...	...	680	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	16,825	...	...	555	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	21,180	...	...	575	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	21,180	...	...	605	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	19,885	...	...	575	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	18,525	...	...	510	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	33,105	...	...	1,190	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	28,410	...	...	1,185	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	24,070	...	...	1,150	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	19,985	...	...	1,005	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	16,570	...	...	885	...	...
$100,000 and over	55,075	...	...	5,045	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	27,325	...	...	1,840	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	13,290	...	...	1,420	...	...
$150,000 and over	14,460	...	...	1,785	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	194,975	...	...	9,795	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	88,099	...	...	108,816	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	74,232	...	...	94,853	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	89,465	...	...	3,890	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	77,657	...	...	104,425	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	65,883	...	...	90,825	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	72,795	...	...	3,860	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	119,438	...	...	139,567	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	98,846	...	...	119,060	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.8	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	28,670	...	...	1,765	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	58,726	...	...	62,816	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	52,145	...	...	58,386	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	195,000	...	...	9,795	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	103,718	...	...	120,618	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	84,318	...	...	102,755	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	89,475	...	...	3,900	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	90,774	...	...	113,004	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	73,962	...	...	95,932	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	72,815	...	...	3,885	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	134,656	...	...	151,228	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	108,295	...	...	127,809	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	28,615	...	...	1,750	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	69,394	...	...	72,156	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	58,415	...	...	64,133	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	145,180	67,635	77,545	6,685	3,505	3,180
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	33,249	34,978	31,881	39,951	36,718	42,449
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	29,685	30,689	28,803	36,618	33,829	39,148
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	145,065	67,340	77,725	6,705	3,630	3,070
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	39,458	41,708	37,509	47,879	46,673	49,305
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	33,107	34,405	31,982	41,460	40,111	43,054
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	685,040	334,855	350,180	35,110	17,645	17,470
In the bottom half of the distribution	340,695	160,680	180,010	12,840	6,500	6,340
In the bottom decile	48,100	23,630	24,475	2,530	1,440	1,090
In the second decile	60,295	26,150	34,150	2,705	1,345	1,360
In the third decile	69,980	32,740	37,240	2,315	1,110	1,205
In the fourth decile	80,005	38,205	41,800	2,420	1,145	1,275
In the fifth decile	82,310	39,960	42,350	2,870	1,455	1,415
In the top half of the distribution	344,345	174,175	170,170	22,270	11,145	11,130
In the sixth decile	84,270	41,880	42,395	3,005	1,500	1,505
In the seventh decile	83,600	42,375	41,225	3,535	1,745	1,790
In the eighth decile	73,450	37,180	36,270	4,495	2,200	2,300
In the ninth decile	58,615	29,870	28,745	5,420	2,755	2,670
In the top decile	44,415	22,875	21,540	5,810	2,950	2,860
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	682,920	333,805	349,115	0	0	0
0 to 17 years	123,050	62,660	60,390	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	42,595	21,780	20,815	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	436,240	216,020	220,220	0	0	0
65 years and over	123,630	55,125	68,505	0	0	0
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	74,180	33,435	40,745	0	0	0
0 to 17 years	11,150	5,680	5,470	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	3,770	1,945	1,830	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	45,185	22,150	23,035	0	0	0
65 years and over	17,855	5,610	12,245	0	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.9	10.0	11.7	...	...	...
0 to 17 years (%)	9.1	9.1	9.1	...	...	...
0 to 5 years (%)	8.9	8.9	8.8	...	...	...
18 to 64 years (%)	10.4	10.3	10.5	...	...	...
65 years and over (%)	14.4	10.2	17.9	...	...	...
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	61,915	28,945	32,970	0	0	0
0 to 17 years	7,885	4,015	3,875	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	2,675	1,370	1,305	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	41,905	21,315	20,585	0	0	0
65 years and over	12,125	3,615	8,510	0	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	9.1	8.7	9.4	...	...	...
0 to 17 years (%)	6.4	6.4	6.4	...	...	...
0 to 5 years (%)	6.3	6.3	6.3	...	...	...
18 to 64 years (%)	9.6	9.9	9.3	...	...	...
65 years and over (%)	9.8	6.6	12.4	...	...	...
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	685,330	334,995	350,335	35,110	17,640	17,465
Official languages	683,360	334,110	349,250	35,010	17,605	17,405
English	274,875	150,170	124,710	34,930	17,570	17,365
French	681,925	333,385	348,545	4,910	2,270	2,640
Non-official languages	63,695	29,965	33,730	6,255	2,970	3,285
Aboriginal languages	760	335	425	1,165	535	630
Algonquian languages	655	295	355	40	15	25
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	625	285	345	30	10	15
Atikamekw	50	10	40	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	555	250	300	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	30	15	20	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	10	15
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	25	15	10	10	10	10
Algonquin	20	10	10	0	0	0
Ojibway	10	0	10	10	10	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	10	0	870	400	470
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	10	0	860	395	465
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	10
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	15	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	95	45	50
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	10	0	20	10	10
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	10	10	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	10	15
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	335	185	150
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	330	180	150
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	10	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	405	160	245
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	275	115	160
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	135	50	90
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	45	15	30	50	10	35
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	30	10	25
Inuktitut	45	15	30	20	10	10
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	35	15	25	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	35	10	25	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	10	10	10
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	10	10	10
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	195	95	100
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	25	10	10	25	10	15
Non-Aboriginal languages	62,960	29,640	33,315	5,105	2,440	2,665
Afro-Asiatic languages	8,640	4,705	3,935	70	50	20
Berber languages	975	520	460	0	0	0
Kabyle	500	260	240	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	480	265	215	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	55	20	35	20	20	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	55	20	35	20	20	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	8,110	4,445	3,665	50	35	20
Amharic	10	0	0	10	0	10
Arabic	8,050	4,405	3,650	30	25	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	55	40	15	15	0	10
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	10	0	10	0	0	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	70	35	35	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,600	755	835	60	35	30
Khmer (Cambodian)	570	285	290	0	0	0
Vietnamese	1,050	480	565	60	30	30
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	395	165	230	1,225	490	730
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	10
Cebuano	30	0	20	115	55	60
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	10	0	10	20	0	15
Ilocano	0	0	0	20	10	15
Malagasy	190	80	105	0	0	0
Malay	65	30	30	35	15	20
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	110	35	75	1,095	445	650
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	20	0	15
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	0	10	0
Creole languages	1,300	630	670	15	0	10
Haitian Creole	120	65	55	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	1,055	495	560	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	130	70	55	15	10	10
Dravidian languages	15	0	10	50	25	20
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	10	10	0
Tamil	0	0	0	45	20	20
Telugu	15	10	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	43,890	19,835	24,055	3,060	1,540	1,515
Albanian	290	165	125	10	0	0
Armenian	25	20	10	15	10	15
Balto-Slavic languages	3,235	1,595	1,630	375	195	185
Baltic languages	10	15	0	0	0	0
Latvian	10	10	0	10	10	0
Lithuanian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	3,220	1,590	1,630	375	190	180
Belarusan	10	10	10	0	0	0
Bosnian	645	350	295	0	0	0
Bulgarian	150	70	75	10	0	10
Croatian	165	75	85	25	20	10
Czech	65	40	25	80	55	25
Macedonian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Polish	445	215	240	50	25	30
Russian	1,250	595	655	145	65	75
Serbian	180	100	85	10	10	0
Serbo-Croatian	375	160	210	0	0	0
Slovak	60	40	25	15	10	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	30	10	25
Ukrainian	200	95	105	40	25	20
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Celtic languages	10	10	10	20	10	10
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	10	10	10	0
Welsh	0	0	0	10	10	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Germanic languages	3,830	1,990	1,835	1,360	715	650
Afrikaans	25	20	0	45	25	25
Danish	45	20	25	10	10	0
Dutch	280	170	115	155	75	75
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	3,375	1,735	1,640	1,125	585	540
Icelandic	10	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	20	10	0	30	15	15
Swedish	110	65	50	25	15	15
Vlaams (Flemish)	25	10	15	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	20	0	15	0	0	0
Greek	250	135	115	10	10	10
Indo-Iranian languages	1,945	935	1,010	315	190	125
Indo-Aryan languages	1,100	560	545	300	180	120
Bengali	105	60	45	20	10	10
Gujarati	25	10	15	50	45	10
Hindi	205	120	85	170	115	55
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	10	0	0	0
Nepali	810	390	425	10	10	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	10	0	150	70	80
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	55	35	20	50	25	25
Iranian languages	675	320	355	15	10	0
Kurdish	60	30	30	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	635	300	330	15	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	200	80	125	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	36,280	15,945	20,330	1,130	490	635
Catalan	75	40	35	0	0	0
Italian	2,990	1,345	1,650	130	45	85
Portuguese	2,795	1,395	1,400	55	30	30
Romanian	1,030	480	560	15	0	10
Spanish	30,970	13,395	17,580	975	435	535
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0	0	0
Japanese	540	305	240	105	55	45
Kartvelian languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Georgian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	45	15	30	70	20	50
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	4,685	2,535	2,155	65	40	25
Akan (Twi)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	170	95	75	0	0	10
Edo	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	75	50	25	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	250	145	105	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	10	10	0	0	0	0
Igbo	10	10	0	0	0	0
Lingala	495	275	225	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	670	345	325	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	405	200	205	0	0	10
Shona	0	0	0	0	10	0
Swahili	1,020	570	450	15	10	10
Wolof	640	395	250	0	0	0
Yoruba	20	10	10	10	10	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	1,700	885	815	30	10	20
Nilo-Saharan languages	165	60	95	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	160	65	95	0	0	0
Sign languages	650	215	435	55	25	35
American Sign Language	20	0	15	40	20	15
Quebec Sign Language	420	140	280	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	250	75	170	15	0	15
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,905	910	1,000	305	150	155
Chinese languages	1,750	825	925	300	145	155
Cantonese	445	220	220	180	105	75
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	1,245	585	665	185	80	105
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	50	25	30	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	25	15	15	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	135	60	70	10	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	160	85	70	0	0	0
Burmese	60	35	20	0	0	0
Karenic languages	105	55	50	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	260	115	140	40	25	15
Lao	120	60	60	10	0	0
Thai	160	75	90	40	20	15
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	125	65	65	20	15	10
Azerbaijani	25	10	15	0	0	0
Turkish	100	55	45	10	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	10	10	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages	220	105	115	115	65	50
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	40	10	30	45	15	25
Hungarian	175	95	80	75	45	25
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	255	110	145	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	685,330	334,995	350,335	35,110	17,640	17,465
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	663,555	324,195	339,355	32,955	16,610	16,350
Canadian citizens aged under 18	119,375	60,910	58,460	7,085	3,700	3,390
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	544,180	263,285	280,900	25,875	12,910	12,965
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	21,775	10,800	10,980	2,155	1,035	1,120
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	685,335	334,995	350,335	35,110	17,645	17,465
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	637,685	311,015	326,675	30,260	15,305	14,950
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	42,365	21,310	21,050	4,410	2,075	2,330
Before 1981	5,030	2,795	2,235	1,325	695	630
1981 to 1990	3,155	1,630	1,530	385	200	185
1991 to 2000	6,065	2,840	3,230	530	235	295
2001 to 2010	15,055	7,580	7,475	1,055	480	575
2001 to 2005	5,920	3,030	2,885	330	130	205
2006 to 2010	9,135	4,545	4,590	725	350	375
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	13,055	6,470	6,590	1,115	470	645
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	5,285	2,670	2,610	435	255	185
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	42,365	21,310	21,055	4,410	2,080	2,330
Under 5 years	5,855	2,540	3,320	460	205	255
5 to 14 years	6,075	3,105	2,970	765	375	390
15 to 24 years	6,625	3,280	3,340	915	420	490
25 to 44 years	21,680	11,315	10,365	1,970	935	1,035
45 years and over	2,130	1,065	1,060	310	145	160
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	42,365	21,310	21,050	4,410	2,080	2,330
Americas	9,475	4,460	5,015	700	295	410
Brazil	890	425	465	10	10	10
Colombia	2,735	1,295	1,440	15	10	0
El Salvador	385	180	205	10	0	0
Guyana	10	0	10	10	0	10
Haiti	1,105	510	590	0	0	0
Jamaica	20	15	0	15	0	15
Mexico	860	440	420	45	20	20
Peru	445	185	260	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	20	0	20	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	1,065	480	585	560	235	320
Other places of birth in Americas	1,955	930	1,025	45	20	30
Europe	13,780	7,305	6,470	1,730	945	785
Bosnia and Herzegovina	880	440	445	10	10	0
Croatia	65	15	50	10	10	0
France	7,255	4,035	3,215	80	50	30
Germany	660	260	395	440	245	195
Greece	75	45	30	0	0	0
Hungary	70	40	25	40	25	20
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	10	10	0	35	25	15
Italy	420	265	155	40	20	15
Netherlands	45	25	25	135	70	65
Poland	275	115	155	35	10	15
Portugal	475	245	235	10	10	0
Romania	680	340	340	10	0	10
Russian Federation	250	120	130	25	10	20
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	55	40	20	0	0	0
Ukraine	240	115	125	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	240	150	90	520	260	250
Other places of birth in Europe	2,085	1,060	1,025	355	215	140
Africa	12,750	6,935	5,810	175	125	50
Algeria	1,915	1,065	850	10	0	0
Egypt	260	130	130	0	0	0
Ethiopia	10	0	10	10	10	0
Kenya	40	10	25	10	10	0
Morocco	2,140	1,190	955	10	10	0
Nigeria	35	25	15	15	10	0
Somalia	0	0	10	20	15	10
South Africa, Republic of	35	15	20	50	25	25
Other places of birth in Africa	8,310	4,500	3,810	45	35	15
Asia	6,310	2,570	3,740	1,695	675	1,010
Afghanistan	95	55	40	0	0	0
Bangladesh	120	55	65	10	10	10
China^{Census data footnote 59}	1,705	430	1,270	230	80	150
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	55	10	45	15	10	0
India	70	35	35	110	50	60
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	340	175	170	15	10	10
Iraq	120	45	80	0	0	0
Japan	110	10	100	20	10	10
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	140	75	60	50	25	30
Lebanon	285	180	105	0	0	0
Pakistan	35	20	15	25	10	15
Philippines	135	50	90	1,010	385	625
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	15	0	10
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	340	175	170	10	0	0
Taiwan	55	30	20	10	0	0
Viet Nam	765	340	430	60	25	35
Other places of birth in Asia	1,935	885	1,050	120	55	70
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	50	40	15	110	40	70
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	13,060	6,465	6,590	1,115	470	640
Americas	2,740	1,310	1,430	85	25	55
Brazil	550	260	290	10	0	10
Colombia	910	430	480	0	0	0
Cuba	195	105	90	10	0	10
Haiti	330	145	190	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	10	0	0	0	0
Mexico	255	130	125	25	10	15
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	95	55	40	35	15	25
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	100	55	50	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	300	130	170	0	0	0
Europe	3,000	1,605	1,400	170	85	85
France	2,155	1,165	995	40	20	20
Germany	45	25	20	60	25	35
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	15	10	10
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	110	45	70	10	0	0
Romania	60	25	30	0	0	0
Russian Federation	20	0	10	10	0	10
Ukraine	85	40	45	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	45	40	10	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	475	260	220	35	20	20
Africa	5,485	2,760	2,725	15	10	0
Algeria	515	245	270	0	0	0
Cameroon	805	375	430	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	280	155	125	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	750	385	370	0	0	0
Egypt	30	20	10	0	0	0
Eritrea	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	715	360	360	0	0	0
Nigeria	10	0	0	10	0	0
Somalia	0	0	10	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tunisia	685	375	310	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	1,670	835	835	10	10	0
Asia	1,815	780	1,035	835	345	495
Afghanistan	0	10	10	0	0	0
Bangladesh	10	10	10	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	190	80	115	40	20	25
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	15	0	15	0	0	0
India	25	10	15	40	10	25
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	175	80	95	15	10	0
Iraq	85	30	55	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	25	0	25	10	10	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	15	10	0	25	15	10
Lebanon	40	15	25	0	0	0
Nepal	235	105	125	0	0	0
Pakistan	10	0	10	20	10	10
Philippines	45	15	30	635	245	390
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	265	130	135	0	0	0
Taiwan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	10	10	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	10	0	10	0	0	0
Viet Nam	85	35	55	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	560	240	315	50	20	30
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	20	10	10	10	10	10
Australia	0	0	0	10	0	10
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	15	10	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	685,330	334,995	350,335	35,110	17,640	17,470
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	50,180	25,235	24,945	5,055	2,460	2,590
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	29,000	14,700	14,300	5,570	2,735	2,835
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	606,150	295,055	311,095	24,490	12,450	12,045
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	37,770	18,715	19,050	3,155	1,420	1,740
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	20,750	11,195	9,555	2,045	990	1,055
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	10,485	6,940	3,550	1,015	565	450
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	10,265	4,255	6,010	1,030	420	605
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	8,965	3,550	5,415	980	340	635
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	7,895	3,885	4,005	125	85	45
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	160	85	80	10	10	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	685,330	334,995	350,340	35,115	17,645	17,465
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	10,220	4,975	5,245	8,195	3,960	4,230
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	9,765	4,810	4,950	7,925	3,815	4,110
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	5,685	2,725	2,960	6,685	3,315	3,370
Métis	3,935	2,035	1,905	1,015	430	590
Inuk (Inuit)	145	55	90	230	75	150
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	145	40	100	160	85	75
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	315	120	190	105	60	45
Non-Aboriginal identity	675,110	330,020	345,095	26,915	13,685	13,235
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	685,330	334,995	350,335	35,110	17,645	17,465
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	4,905	2,350	2,555	5,910	2,990	2,920
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	680,430	332,645	347,785	29,200	14,655	14,550
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	685,330	334,995	350,340	35,115	17,645	17,470
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	5,220	2,385	2,835	3,740	1,860	1,880
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	5,075	2,335	2,735	3,650	1,810	1,840
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	4,205	1,955	2,250	3,405	1,705	1,695
Métis single ancestry	810	365	450	150	65	90
Inuit single ancestry	60	25	35	95	35	55
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	145	45	100	85	50	35
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	130	45	80	30	10	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	15	0	15	55	35	15
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	17,955	8,455	9,500	4,585	2,140	2,440
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	17,595	8,310	9,290	4,325	2,035	2,295
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15,245	7,105	8,135	3,515	1,680	1,840
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,230	1,135	1,095	660	285	375
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	125	65	60	145	70	80
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	355	150	205	260	110	155
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	325	140	195	160	65	105
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	20	10	10	90	40	50
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	0	10	10	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	662,160	324,155	338,005	26,790	13,645	13,145
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	685,330	334,995	350,335	35,115	17,645	17,470
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	37,230	18,620	18,615	3,000	1,345	1,650
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	1,480	770	710	500	275	225
Chinese	2,745	935	1,805	415	170	240
Black	13,695	7,175	6,520	270	120	150
Filipino	245	125	120	1,190	480	710
Latin American	7,430	3,520	3,915	130	75	60
Arab	6,860	3,865	2,995	10	10	10
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	2,735	1,270	1,465	180	80	100
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	665	305	360	30	20	10
Korean	230	130	100	70	20	50
Japanese	245	80	160	65	35	30
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	345	180	160	15	10	10
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	565	260	305	120	60	60
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	648,100	316,375	331,725	32,110	16,295	15,815
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	685,330	334,995	350,335	35,115	17,645	17,470
North American Aboriginal origins	23,170	10,840	12,330	8,320	4,000	4,325
First Nations (North American Indian)	19,935	9,260	10,675	7,255	3,535	3,725
Inuit	225	100	125	390	195	200
Métis	3,510	1,680	1,835	1,020	430	590
Other North American origins	498,455	241,710	256,745	9,335	4,775	4,565
Acadian	3,135	1,415	1,720	165	65	95
American	2,630	1,225	1,400	675	310	365
Canadian	482,240	233,600	248,635	8,635	4,460	4,180
New Brunswicker	60	35	25	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	35	10	20	65	30	35
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ontarian	60	25	30	0	0	10
Québécois	15,975	8,060	7,915	85	40	50
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	10	0	10	0	0	0
European origins	249,255	123,410	125,840	24,990	12,525	12,465
British Isles origins	51,675	24,395	27,280	17,525	8,740	8,780
Channel Islander	155	80	80	0	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0	0	0
English	9,925	4,890	5,030	9,680	4,850	4,825
Irish	34,660	16,185	18,470	6,930	3,310	3,615
Manx	0	0	0	10	0	10
Scottish	13,370	6,135	7,240	8,290	4,065	4,235
Welsh	275	120	155	905	425	480
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	780	390	395	1,235	595	640
French origins	201,770	100,365	101,410	5,060	2,455	2,605
Alsatian	100	55	45	0	10	0
Breton	1,135	515	620	15	10	10
Corsican	100	35	65	0	0	0
French	200,890	99,960	100,930	5,035	2,440	2,600
Western European origins (except French origins)	15,580	7,660	7,915	7,690	3,805	3,885
Austrian	405	235	170	365	180	185
Bavarian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Belgian	3,480	1,760	1,715	175	85	90
Dutch	965	450	515	1,765	815	945
Flemish	115	70	45	10	0	10
Frisian	0	0	0	15	0	15
German	9,320	4,400	4,925	5,575	2,765	2,810
Luxembourger	130	90	40	10	0	0
Swiss	2,015	1,065	955	435	265	170
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	30	0	30
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	1,350	670	680	3,335	1,625	1,710
Danish	220	130	85	555	275	280
Finnish	100	45	60	275	135	145
Icelandic	20	15	0	215	125	85
Norwegian	510	255	260	1,380	690	690
Swedish	310	130	175	1,100	510	585
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	260	120	135	205	110	95
Eastern European origins	6,385	3,070	3,320	4,495	2,190	2,305
Bulgarian	215	110	110	45	15	30
Byelorussian	45	15	30	20	10	0
Czech	250	135	115	180	110	70
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	40	30	15	40	10	30
Estonian	10	10	0	15	15	0
Hungarian	675	315	360	485	250	235
Latvian	20	15	0	50	25	20
Lithuanian	120	75	50	35	15	25
Moldovan	200	85	115	0	0	0
Polish	1,995	965	1,030	1,140	530	605
Romanian	1,320	635	685	130	60	75
Russian	1,135	525	615	820	365	460
Slovak	185	85	100	110	60	55
Ukrainian	1,010	455	560	2,205	1,055	1,145
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	10	10	0	35	20	20
Southern European origins	16,955	8,440	8,515	1,490	690	795
Albanian	275	165	115	10	0	0
Bosnian	860	460	400	20	15	10
Catalan	40	25	15	0	0	0
Croatian	340	180	155	55	25	35
Cypriot	10	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	800	400	395	90	50	40
Italian	8,540	4,325	4,215	915	400	520
Kosovar	55	40	15	0	0	0
Macedonian	50	30	25	15	15	0
Maltese	55	25	35	10	0	0
Montenegrin	15	0	10	0	0	0
Portuguese	2,625	1,250	1,375	70	30	35
Serbian	375	200	175	10	0	0
Sicilian	55	20	35	10	0	10
Slovenian	55	35	20	45	15	30
Spanish	4,235	2,055	2,180	270	140	130
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	155	70	85	30	15	15
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	20	10	15	0	0	0
Other European origins	1,110	590	520	450	175	280
Basque	305	170	140	20	0	20
Jewish	185	95	85	150	50	100
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	10	10	10
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	30	15	15	30	10	20
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	580	305	280	250	115	130
Caribbean origins	3,525	1,790	1,735	165	70	95
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	15	0	15	10	0	0
Barbadian	40	30	10	10	0	0
Bermudan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	480	260	225	15	0	0
Dominican	365	170	195	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	110	45	65	0	0	0
Haitian	2,090	1,060	1,030	0	0	0
Jamaican	170	95	70	95	40	50
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	105	30	75	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	25	20	10	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	30	15	20	20	0	15
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	35	20	15	15	10	10
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	185	95	90	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	9,455	4,505	4,950	215	110	105
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	275	135	140	0	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	215	120	95	35	15	20
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	110	40	70	0	0	0
Brazilian	870	420	450	20	10	10
Chilean	790	415	385	25	20	10
Colombian	3,400	1,645	1,755	25	15	10
Costa Rican	25	10	10	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	110	60	55	0	0	0
Guatemalan	150	60	85	0	10	0
Guyanese	40	15	20	10	0	10
Hispanic	65	20	45	0	0	0
Honduran	145	60	80	10	0	10
Maya	45	20	25	0	0	0
Mexican	1,655	765	890	90	50	40
Nicaraguan	110	40	65	0	0	0
Panamanian	20	10	10	10	0	0
Paraguayan	40	10	35	0	0	0
Peruvian	755	340	415	0	0	0
Salvadorean	560	285	270	0	0	0
Uruguayan	60	25	40	0	0	0
Venezuelan	205	105	95	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	250	110	135	0	0	0
African origins	20,150	10,650	9,500	350	165	185
Central and West African origins	7,810	4,180	3,630	60	30	25
Akan	65	25	35	0	0	0
Angolan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	510	285	225	0	0	0
Burkinabe	250	150	95	0	0	0
Cameroonian	1,545	780	765	0	0	0
Chadian	55	25	35	0	0	0
Congolese	1,640	920	720	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	45	15	30	0	0	0
Gabonese	170	80	80	0	0	0
Gambian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	100	65	35	10	10	10
Guinean	345	185	155	0	0	0
Ibo	10	10	10	0	0	0
Ivorian	1,140	585	550	0	0	0
Liberian	30	0	30	0	0	0
Malian	255	135	115	0	0	0
Malinké	25	15	10	0	0	0
Nigerian	100	50	50	15	10	10
Peulh	120	75	45	0	0	0
Senegalese	905	510	400	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	310	170	135	0	0	0
Wolof	75	45	25	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	0	0	0	10	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	745	360	390	30	20	10
North African origins	8,325	4,445	3,880	35	15	20
Algerian	2,280	1,200	1,080	0	0	0
Berber	1,420	785	640	10	10	0
Coptic	10	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	470	210	255	0	0	0
Libyan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Maure	35	30	15	20	0	15
Moroccan	2,645	1,440	1,200	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	1,825	980	845	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	150	80	70	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	2,260	1,165	1,090	125	60	65
Afrikaner	10	0	10	0	0	10
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	95	70	25	0	0	0
Burundian	790	410	375	0	0	0
Djiboutian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	30	15	15	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	10	10	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	10	10	0	15	10	10
Malagasy	315	130	185	0	0	0
Mauritian	100	45	50	10	10	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	565	275	295	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	10	0	15	10	0
Somali	70	30	35	15	15	10
South African	45	30	15	60	20	35
Tanzanian	40	30	10	0	0	0
Tigrian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	70	25	45	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	10	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	205	120	85	10	0	10
Other African origins	2,090	1,050	1,040	135	60	75
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	145	75	70	0	0	10
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	2,015	1,010	1,005	130	55	75
Asian origins	14,010	6,700	7,310	2,855	1,260	1,595
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	5,330	2,825	2,500	195	110	85
Afghan	145	70	75	0	10	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	2,200	1,225	970	15	10	10
Armenian	215	125	85	25	15	15
Assyrian	10	0	0	10	0	0
Azerbaijani	10	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	30	10	20	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	610	285	325	20	10	10
Iraqi	120	50	70	10	0	0
Israeli	15	10	10	0	0	0
Jordanian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	15	10	10	0	0	0
Kurd	50	30	25	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	1,120	575	545	60	45	15
Palestinian	125	70	55	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Syrian	510	265	250	0	0	10
Tajik	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tatar	30	20	15	10	0	0
Turk	255	125	130	30	15	15
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	20	10	10
Yemeni	60	35	25	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	30	15	10	0	0	10
South Asian origins	1,460	745	715	460	265	200
Bangladeshi	40	25	15	30	15	0
Bengali	20	15	10	0	0	0
Bhutanese	200	85	115	0	0	0
East Indian	670	360	315	315	160	160
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	40	40	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	440	205	235	0	10	0
Pakistani	90	65	25	60	25	30
Punjabi	10	0	10	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	10	10	0	20	20	10
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	10	0	0	10	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	7,310	3,170	4,135	2,180	890	1,285
Burmese	260	115	140	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	785	390	395	0	0	0
Chinese	3,570	1,295	2,275	625	240	380
Filipino	280	145	140	1,330	550	780
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	55	20	35	20	0	15
Japanese	445	185	260	95	50	45
Karen	95	55	45	0	0	0
Korean	265	150	110	80	25	55
Laotian	290	140	155	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	45	10	40
Mongolian	15	0	15	10	10	10
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	65	35	25	0	0	0
Thai	190	60	135	25	10	15
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	1,785	945	840	85	50	40
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	10	0	0
Other Asian origins	10	10	10	25	0	25
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	10	0	10	25	0	25
Oceania origins	155	90	65	170	80	90
Australian	60	35	25	80	35	50
New Zealander	20	15	10	65	30	35
Pacific Islands origins	75	40	25	35	25	10
Fijian	10	10	0	0	0	10
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	20	20	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	40	20	20	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	30	15	10	10	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	324,520	...	...	15,215	...	...
Owner	186,295	...	...	9,680	...	...
Renter	138,185	...	...	5,005	...	...
Band housing	35	...	...	530	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	324,515	...	...	15,215	...	...
Condominium	51,510	...	...	1,495	...	...
Not condominium	273,005	...	...	13,720	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	324,515	...	...	15,215	...	...
No bedrooms	2,845	...	...	125	...	...
1 bedroom	61,335	...	...	2,515	...	...
2 bedrooms	109,345	...	...	4,290	...	...
3 bedrooms	94,625	...	...	5,065	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	56,370	...	...	3,215	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	324,515	...	...	15,215	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	134,650	...	...	5,160	...	...
5 rooms	50,975	...	...	2,675	...	...
6 rooms	33,380	...	...	2,340	...	...
7 rooms	32,890	...	...	1,755	...	...
8 or more rooms	72,620	...	...	3,285	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.6	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	324,515	...	...	15,215	...	...
One person or fewer per room	323,195	...	...	14,970	...	...
More than 1 person per room	1,320	...	...	245	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	324,515	...	...	15,215	...	...
Suitable	318,315	...	...	14,490	...	...
Not suitable	6,205	...	...	725	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	324,515	...	...	15,215	...	...
1960 or before	68,140	...	...	1,315	...	...
1961 to 1980	102,990	...	...	4,625	...	...
1981 to 1990	51,835	...	...	2,330	...	...
1991 to 2000	38,770	...	...	2,625	...	...
2001 to 2005	18,835	...	...	1,045	...	...
2006 to 2010	22,955	...	...	1,435	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	20,990	...	...	1,840	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	324,515	...	...	15,215	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	308,865	...	...	13,315	...	...
Major repairs needed	15,655	...	...	1,900	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	324,515	...	...	15,215	...	...
1 household maintainer	199,710	...	...	9,070	...	...
2 household maintainers	121,595	...	...	5,690	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	3,210	...	...	460	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	324,520	...	...	15,215	...	...
15 to 24 years	13,440	...	...	420	...	...
25 to 34 years	49,720	...	...	2,390	...	...
35 to 44 years	52,665	...	...	2,810	...	...
45 to 54 years	57,225	...	...	3,275	...	...
55 to 64 years	65,905	...	...	3,605	...	...
65 to 74 years	52,320	...	...	1,875	...	...
75 to 84 years	25,070	...	...	680	...	...
85 years and over	8,165	...	...	155	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	323,335	...	...	14,550	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	263,470	...	...	11,865	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	59,865	...	...	2,680	...	...
30% to less than 100%	54,090	...	...	2,345	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	185,610	...	...	9,590	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	62.0	...	...	59.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	9.6	...	...	12.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,041	...	...	1,239	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,099	...	...	1,325	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	269,927	...	...	358,721	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	299,933	...	...	371,716	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	137,900	...	...	5,005	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	11.0	...	...	25.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	30.5	...	...	29.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	743	...	...	967	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	796	...	...	1,038	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	580,810	281,770	299,040	28,875	14,310	14,565
No certificate, diploma or degree	78,745	38,145	40,600	4,715	2,635	2,080
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	117,235	53,520	63,715	6,835	3,325	3,505
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	384,830	190,105	194,720	17,335	8,350	8,985
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	92,240	55,990	36,255	3,145	2,450	695
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	67,160	35,765	31,395	1,230	785	445
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	25,085	20,220	4,860	1,915	1,665	255
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	121,670	54,335	67,335	6,120	2,520	3,600
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	23,030	8,765	14,265	825	320	500
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	147,890	71,025	76,870	7,250	3,060	4,195
Bachelor's degree	92,975	43,020	49,955	4,790	1,955	2,835
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	11,220	5,320	5,910	435	175	260
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	4,590	2,330	2,260	190	115	75
Master's degree	32,450	16,140	16,315	1,695	745	955
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	6,650	4,220	2,430	135	65	70
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	376,435	186,015	190,425	21,030	10,190	10,845
No certificate, diploma or degree	28,310	15,985	12,325	2,255	1,400	855
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	59,725	29,130	30,590	4,400	2,065	2,340
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	288,405	140,900	147,505	14,375	6,730	7,650
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	69,860	41,555	28,305	2,400	1,875	520
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	51,625	26,815	24,810	885	560	325
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	18,235	14,735	3,495	1,510	1,320	190
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	85,095	38,985	46,105	4,975	2,020	2,955
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15,010	5,905	9,110	665	250	410
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	118,440	54,450	63,990	6,340	2,575	3,765
Bachelor's degree	74,035	33,545	40,495	4,190	1,660	2,530
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	8,395	3,560	4,840	380	140	235
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	3,575	1,545	2,035	165	90	75
Master's degree	27,230	12,805	14,420	1,500	625	870
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	5,200	3,005	2,200	110	55	60
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	580,810	281,775	299,035	28,880	14,315	14,565
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	195,980	91,665	104,315	11,545	5,960	5,585
Education	28,225	7,300	20,925	1,545	505	1,040
13. Education	28,225	7,300	20,920	1,545	505	1,040
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	15,310	6,910	8,400	525	215	305
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	2,935	2,015	920	60	50	10
50. Visual and performing arts	12,375	4,895	7,480	465	170	295
Humanities	23,630	10,355	13,280	840	375	470
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	3,020	765	2,260	90	15	70
23. English language and literature/letters	475	170	310	215	100	115
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	12,070	5,640	6,430	230	95	135
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	170	95	75	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,110	750	365	70	45	20
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,180	670	510	95	70	25
54. History	2,025	1,170	855	120	40	80
55. French language and literature/letters	3,575	1,105	2,470	20	0	20
Social and behavioural sciences and law	38,650	14,050	24,600	2,095	705	1,390
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	195	50	145	60	10	60
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	5,370	1,795	3,580	170	45	125
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	7,120	720	6,405	400	30	365
22. Legal professions and studies	8,180	3,300	4,885	290	140	150
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	1,200	215	980	45	10	35
42. Psychology	5,100	1,290	3,805	285	80	200
45. Social sciences	11,485	6,685	4,800	845	395	455
Business, management and public administration	91,710	36,300	55,405	3,310	960	2,350
30.16 Accounting and computer science	60	20	40	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	6,145	1,550	4,595	525	125	395
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	85,505	34,735	50,775	2,785	835	1,955
Physical and life sciences and technologies	16,295	8,830	7,465	690	360	330
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	6,265	2,820	3,445	380	195	190
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,665	1,020	645	95	45	50
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	4,115	1,990	2,125	10	0	10
40. Physical sciences	3,560	2,685	870	185	100	80
41. Science technologies/technicians	690	315	385	30	20	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	18,915	13,740	5,175	405	200	200
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	16,005	12,275	3,730	285	170	120
25. Library science	1,320	365	955	45	0	40
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,310	890	420	70	25	45
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	275	205	75	10	10	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	68,790	63,100	5,690	3,575	3,250	325
04. Architecture and related services	3,030	1,850	1,180	90	70	25
14. Engineering	12,560	10,730	1,830	470	365	100
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	14,190	12,930	1,260	520	455	65
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	10	10	0	10
46. Construction trades	16,020	15,440	580	1,210	1,150	55
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	14,240	13,800	440	990	955	40
48. Precision production	8,745	8,355	395	280	255	20
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	7,085	4,575	2,510	815	465	355
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	3,575	1,890	1,690	125	70	55
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,510	2,685	825	695	395	300
Health and related fields	49,575	10,625	38,950	2,200	515	1,690
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	2,920	1,635	1,285	215	90	125
51. Health professions and related programs	45,125	8,160	36,965	1,945	405	1,545
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,535	830	705	40	25	15
Personal, protective and transportation services	26,330	14,210	12,125	1,330	800	525
12. Personal and culinary services	15,325	4,810	10,515	640	215	425
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	25	25	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	170	160	10	10	0	0
43. Security and protective services	4,910	3,665	1,240	225	160	70
49. Transportation and materials moving	5,900	5,550	355	455	420	35
Other	305	105	200	0	10	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	305	105	200	10	10	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	376,435	186,015	190,420	21,030	10,190	10,845
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	88,030	45,115	42,910	6,655	3,460	3,195
Education	18,470	4,395	14,070	1,245	380	860
13. Education	18,470	4,395	14,075	1,250	385	865
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	11,615	5,225	6,390	480	200	275
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	2,235	1,470	770	55	50	10
50. Visual and performing arts	9,385	3,760	5,625	425	150	270
Humanities	14,325	6,300	8,025	675	300	380
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	2,380	600	1,780	70	20	55
23. English language and literature/letters	345	130	215	190	90	100
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	6,180	3,150	3,030	165	65	100
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	125	80	45	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	760	495	265	55	35	20
39. Theology and religious vocations	625	365	260	85	70	15
54. History	1,410	805	605	95	25	70
55. French language and literature/letters	2,500	680	1,820	20	0	15
Social and behavioural sciences and law	30,270	10,445	19,830	1,845	620	1,225
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	170	40	125	55	10	45
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	4,605	1,570	3,035	150	40	110
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	5,780	565	5,210	320	20	300
22. Legal professions and studies	6,270	2,200	4,070	280	130	145
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	870	150	715	40	10	35
42. Psychology	3,805	905	2,895	245	70	175
45. Social sciences	8,775	5,005	3,770	755	340	415
Business, management and public administration	72,045	27,385	44,660	2,750	750	1,995
30.16 Accounting and computer science	45	15	35	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	4,770	1,080	3,685	430	95	340
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	67,230	26,285	40,940	2,315	655	1,660
Physical and life sciences and technologies	10,155	5,520	4,640	615	310	310
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	5,180	2,215	2,970	330	165	165
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	970	610	360	85	40	45
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	720	420	300	10	0	10
40. Physical sciences	2,790	2,030	760	165	85	80
41. Science technologies/technicians	495	240	255	30	20	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	16,680	12,110	4,570	335	165	170
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	14,525	11,140	3,380	265	150	115
25. Library science	1,060	270	790	35	10	25
27. Mathematics and statistics	875	540	335	30	0	25
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	220	160	60	10	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	51,810	46,905	4,905	2,815	2,525	285
04. Architecture and related services	2,475	1,480	990	75	55	25
14. Engineering	10,055	8,395	1,655	385	295	85
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	10,930	9,865	1,065	415	360	60
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	10	10	0	15
46. Construction trades	11,380	10,895	480	1,000	940	55
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	10,365	10,010	355	735	695	35
48. Precision production	6,605	6,250	350	190	175	15
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	5,770	3,585	2,185	735	405	330
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	2,910	1,480	1,420	115	60	55
03. Natural resources and conservation	2,865	2,105	755	625	350	280
Health and related fields	36,540	7,975	28,560	1,840	435	1,400
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	2,405	1,325	1,075	185	75	115
51. Health professions and related programs	32,955	6,115	26,835	1,620	350	1,275
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,180	535	645	30	15	15
Personal, protective and transportation services	20,445	10,955	9,485	1,040	625	415
12. Personal and culinary services	11,885	3,700	8,185	510	175	330
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	20	20	0	10	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	110	105	10	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	3,725	2,725	1,000	180	125	55
49. Transportation and materials moving	4,700	4,405	295	345	320	25
Other	270	90	180	10	10	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	275	95	180	10	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	580,810	281,775	299,040	28,880	14,315	14,565
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	195,980	91,665	104,315	11,545	5,960	5,585
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	384,830	190,105	194,725	17,335	8,350	8,985
Location of study inside Canada	366,415	180,155	186,260	14,515	6,955	7,560
Same as province or territory of residence	359,720	176,240	183,485	3,915	1,885	2,030
Different than province or territory of residence	6,695	3,910	2,780	10,600	5,065	5,535
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	18,415	9,955	8,465	2,815	1,400	1,425
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	1,545	1,010	530	635	345	285
Philippines	70	15	60	570	210	360
India	70	50	20	105	65	40
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	355	245	105	265	115	150
China^{Census data footnote 162}	380	180	205	40	15	20
France	6,055	3,460	2,590	65	35	25
Other	9,945	5,000	4,945	1,145	610	535
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	376,435	186,015	190,425	21,035	10,190	10,845
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	88,030	45,115	42,910	6,655	3,460	3,195
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	288,405	140,900	147,510	14,380	6,730	7,650
Location of study inside Canada	272,905	132,840	140,065	12,045	5,585	6,465
Same as province or territory of residence	268,125	130,090	138,035	3,120	1,450	1,665
Different than province or territory of residence	4,780	2,745	2,035	8,925	4,130	4,795
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	15,505	8,060	7,440	2,335	1,145	1,185
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	865	525	345	460	245	215
Philippines	70	15	55	550	205	340
India	50	30	15	85	55	30
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	255	180	80	185	90	90
China^{Census data footnote 162}	330	145	190	25	10	20
France	5,015	2,785	2,230	55	30	20
Other	8,905	4,375	4,530	975	505	470
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	580,810	281,770	299,040	28,880	14,315	14,565
In the labour force	384,115	197,225	186,895	21,795	11,005	10,795
Employed	366,060	186,545	179,515	19,790	9,765	10,025
Unemployed	18,055	10,680	7,375	2,010	1,240	765
Not in the labour force	196,695	84,545	112,150	7,085	3,310	3,775
Participation rate	66.1	70.0	62.5	75.5	76.9	74.1
Employment rate	63.0	66.2	60.0	68.5	68.2	68.8
Unemployment rate	4.7	5.4	3.9	9.2	11.3	7.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	580,810	281,770	299,040	28,880	14,310	14,570
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	180,215	75,850	104,365	5,980	2,790	3,190
Worked	400,595	205,920	194,675	22,900	11,525	11,375
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	199,085	106,670	92,415	10,865	5,465	5,405
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	201,510	99,250	102,255	12,030	6,060	5,975
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.6	43.7	43.5	41.1	40.3	41.9
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	384,115	197,220	186,890	21,800	11,005	10,790
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	5,615	2,860	2,755	395	220	175
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	378,495	194,365	184,135	21,405	10,785	10,615
Employee	343,460	173,645	169,810	18,810	9,165	9,645
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	35,040	20,720	14,325	2,595	1,620	975
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	384,115	197,225	186,890	21,795	11,005	10,795
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	5,620	2,860	2,760	395	220	175
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	378,500	194,365	184,135	21,405	10,790	10,615
0 Management occupations	34,515	21,680	12,835	2,460	1,325	1,135
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	70,040	23,170	46,870	3,465	740	2,725
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	35,650	27,505	8,145	1,385	1,055	330
3 Health occupations	31,375	6,845	24,530	1,230	255	970
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	50,155	17,550	32,610	3,625	1,280	2,345
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	12,220	5,885	6,335	790	345	450
6 Sales and service occupations	93,545	45,465	48,085	3,955	1,660	2,300
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	38,825	36,760	2,065	3,650	3,400	250
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,275	1,955	320	505	450	50
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	9,900	7,555	2,345	350	285	60
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	384,115	197,220	186,890	21,795	11,005	10,790
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	5,615	2,860	2,760	395	220	175
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	378,495	194,365	184,135	21,405	10,785	10,620
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,955	1,320	640	245	190	55
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	655	560	95	505	440	70
22 Utilities	1,685	1,300	385	160	115	50
23 Construction	18,235	16,100	2,135	2,055	1,810	240
31-33 Manufacturing	27,055	20,275	6,780	335	230	105
41 Wholesale trade	11,625	8,570	3,055	325	240	85
44-45 Retail trade	45,740	22,225	23,515	1,975	1,015	960
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	12,840	10,315	2,525	1,060	765	300
51 Information and cultural industries	6,995	4,470	2,520	535	300	235
52 Finance and insurance	22,450	9,140	13,310	305	95	210
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	5,690	3,475	2,210	195	105	90
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	28,520	16,950	11,570	1,295	645	645
55 Management of companies and enterprises	180	60	115	20	10	15
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	15,595	10,145	5,450	565	330	235
61 Educational services	28,440	9,830	18,610	1,630	520	1,115
62 Health care and social assistance	51,820	11,415	40,405	2,070	400	1,670
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	7,050	3,540	3,505	600	285	310
72 Accommodation and food services	29,565	14,245	15,320	1,545	605	940
81 Other services (except public administration)	16,325	7,280	9,040	775	415	355
91 Public administration	46,085	23,135	22,945	5,205	2,280	2,925
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	366,060	186,545	179,515	19,790	9,765	10,025
Worked at home	19,605	9,800	9,810	1,420	770	655
Worked outside Canada	655	420	230	25	10	20
No fixed workplace address	27,895	20,715	7,180	2,330	1,795	540
Worked at usual place	317,905	155,610	162,290	16,010	7,200	8,815
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	317,905	155,610	162,295	16,010	7,195	8,815
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	242,590	114,410	128,180	13,510	6,025	7,485
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	18,525	9,380	9,140	2,265	1,040	1,225
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	56,235	31,400	24,835	0	0	0
Commute to a different province or territory	550	410	140	235	135	100
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	345,800	176,325	169,475	18,340	8,990	9,350
Car, truck, van - as a driver	257,935	137,105	120,830	13,990	7,130	6,860
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	13,570	4,595	8,970	1,095	385	710
Public transit	42,625	18,065	24,565	720	315	405
Walked	23,640	11,230	12,405	1,735	645	1,090
Bicycle	5,010	3,565	1,445	470	285	190
Other method	3,020	1,765	1,255	320	225	90
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	345,800	176,325	169,475	18,340	8,985	9,355
Less than 15 minutes	95,060	46,390	48,675	9,735	4,695	5,040
15 to 29 minutes	152,660	79,950	72,710	6,195	3,045	3,150
30 to 44 minutes	66,795	34,185	32,605	1,400	625	770
45 to 59 minutes	19,715	9,440	10,275	465	215	245
60 minutes and over	11,570	6,360	5,210	550	405	150
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	345,800	176,325	169,475	18,340	8,990	9,355
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	12,490	9,245	3,245	520	335	180
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	61,275	38,835	22,440	1,930	1,150	780
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	124,545	58,000	66,545	6,185	3,220	2,965
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	71,610	31,830	39,780	5,785	2,450	3,335
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	29,600	12,885	16,715	1,905	805	1,100
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	46,275	25,530	20,750	2,015	1,020	990
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	409,075	209,990	199,090	23,495	11,810	11,685
Single responses	398,190	203,720	194,470	23,325	11,735	11,595
Official languages	397,645	203,490	194,155	23,230	11,695	11,540
English	8,240	4,945	3,295	22,970	11,600	11,370
French	389,410	198,545	190,865	260	95	165
Non-official languages	540	230	315	95	35	55
Aboriginal languages	40	15	25	25	10	15
Algonquian languages	35	10	25	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	40	15	20	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	35	15	25	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	20	10	15
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	10	10
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	10	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	500	220	285	70	30	40
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	15	10	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	45	20	25	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Vietnamese	25	10	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	295	120	175	25	10	15
Albanian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	30	10	20	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	30	10	20	10	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	10	10	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	20	0	15	10	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	10	10	20	10	10
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	15	10	10	15	10	10
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	30	15	20	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	25	0	20	0	0	0
Bengali	10	0	10	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	20	10	15	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	10	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	215	90	125	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	65	35	30	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	140	45	95	0	0	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	15	0	10	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	30	0	30	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	20	0	20	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	15	10	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	65	45	20	25	15	15
Chinese languages	70	45	20	25	15	15
Cantonese	25	20	0	20	15	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	40	30	15	10	0	10
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	10	15	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	20	10	15	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	10	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	10,890	6,265	4,625	165	75	90
English and French	10,010	5,880	4,130	75	35	40
English and non-official language	70	30	40	80	35	45
French and non-official language	455	175	275	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	355	180	175	10	0	10
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	409,080	209,985	199,095	23,495	11,810	11,685
None	324,885	160,670	164,215	21,950	11,185	10,765
English	75,155	44,375	30,785	210	80	130
French	6,370	3,735	2,635	825	330	500
Non-official language	1,605	765	845	475	205	275
Aboriginal	90	45	45	175	70	105
Non-Aboriginal	1,515	715	800	305	135	170
English and French	25	10	15	0	0	0
English and non-official language	960	405	550	0	0	0
French and non-official language	70	35	40	20	10	15
English, French and non-official language	10	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	678,700	331,600	347,095	34,705	17,450	17,250
Non-movers	596,830	291,165	305,665	28,875	14,450	14,430
Movers	81,870	40,435	41,435	5,825	3,005	2,825
Non-migrants	59,535	29,635	29,900	3,635	1,895	1,740
Migrants	22,335	10,800	11,535	2,190	1,110	1,085
Internal migrants	18,380	8,910	9,470	1,945	990	955
Intraprovincial migrants	17,395	8,370	9,030	545	265	285
Interprovincial migrants	980	540	445	1,400	725	670
External migrants	3,955	1,890	2,065	250	115	130
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	649,980	317,150	332,835	32,990	16,505	16,480
Non-movers	410,820	199,510	211,310	18,040	9,060	8,980
Movers	239,165	117,640	121,530	14,945	7,450	7,495
Non-migrants	165,010	81,465	83,540	8,245	4,195	4,050
Migrants	74,160	36,170	37,985	6,700	3,260	3,445
Internal migrants	59,110	28,805	30,305	5,515	2,675	2,830
Intraprovincial migrants	56,015	27,170	28,840	1,235	590	640
Interprovincial migrants	3,095	1,630	1,460	4,285	2,090	2,195
External migrants	15,045	7,365	7,685	1,190	575	615

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

Return to footnote 178 referrer

Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 179 referrer

Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 180 referrer

Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 181 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Québec [Population centre], Quebec and Yukon [Territory] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 2, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Québec [Population centre], Quebec and Yukon [Territory]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Québec [Population centre], Quebec and Yukon [Territory]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Québec [Population centre], Quebec and Yukon [Territory]