Census Profile, 2016 Census
Red Deer [Population centre], Alberta and Manitoba [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Red Deer Alberta [Population centre]			Manitoba [Province]
	Data quality , Red Deer [Population centre], Alberta Map : Red Deer [Population centre], Alberta Change geography 1			Data quality : Manitoba [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	99,718	...	...	1,278,365	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	89,715 ^r	...	...	1,208,268	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	11.1	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	41,989	...	...	539,748	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	39,704	...	...	489,050	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,585.2	...	...	2.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	62.91	...	...	552,370.99	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	99,720	49,345	50,370	1,278,365	631,400	646,970
0 to 14 years	18,565	9,540	9,030	243,820	125,110	118,710
0 to 4 years	6,320	3,270	3,055	81,065	41,710	39,355
5 to 9 years	6,515	3,345	3,175	83,375	42,565	40,805
10 to 14 years	5,730	2,925	2,805	79,380	40,835	38,545
15 to 64 years	69,270	34,610	34,660	835,580	417,260	418,320
15 to 19 years	5,990	3,095	2,895	82,440	42,555	39,890
20 to 24 years	7,000	3,480	3,525	86,760	44,465	42,295
25 to 29 years	8,185	4,185	4,000	86,695	43,570	43,125
30 to 34 years	8,435	4,270	4,160	85,185	42,210	42,975
35 to 39 years	7,590	3,815	3,775	81,105	39,885	41,215
40 to 44 years	6,820	3,530	3,290	79,325	39,530	39,795
45 to 49 years	6,215	3,065	3,150	79,350	39,220	40,130
50 to 54 years	6,680	3,220	3,460	89,840	44,485	45,355
55 to 59 years	6,845	3,295	3,550	87,765	43,555	44,210
60 to 64 years	5,510	2,660	2,855	77,110	37,780	39,325
65 years and over	11,880	5,190	6,685	198,965	89,025	109,945
65 to 69 years	3,985	1,895	2,100	64,905	31,280	33,625
70 to 74 years	2,660	1,230	1,430	45,980	21,940	24,040
75 to 79 years	2,020	845	1,175	33,555	15,250	18,305
80 to 84 years	1,545	660	885	25,315	10,740	14,575
85 years and over	1,665	565	1,105	29,210	9,810	19,395
85 to 89 years	1,105	440	670	17,335	6,460	10,875
90 to 94 years	445	100	340	8,945	2,710	6,230
95 to 99 years	95	20	75	2,520	580	1,940
100 years and over	20	5	20	415	60	350
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.6	19.3	17.9	19.1	19.8	18.3
15 to 64 years	69.5	70.1	68.8	65.4	66.1	64.7
65 years and over	11.9	10.5	13.3	15.6	14.1	17.0
85 years and over	1.7	1.1	2.2	2.3	1.6	3.0
Average age of the population	37.6	36.6	38.6	39.2	38.2	40.2
Median age of the population	36.1	35.1	37.0	38.3	37.2	39.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	39,705	...	...	489,050	...	...
Single-detached house	20,860	...	...	331,420	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	585	...	...	39,080	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	17,180	...	...	108,120	...	...
Semi-detached house	3,210	...	...	15,865	...	...
Row house	4,010	...	...	17,225	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,515	...	...	7,065	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	8,415	...	...	67,205	...	...
Other single-attached house	35	...	...	755	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	1,080	...	...	10,435	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	39,705	...	...	489,050	...	...
1 person	10,605	...	...	135,500	...	...
2 persons	13,955	...	...	164,880	...	...
3 persons	6,265	...	...	71,065	...	...
4 persons	5,530	...	...	66,675	...	...
5 or more persons	3,355	...	...	50,930	...	...
Number of persons in private households	97,775	...	...	1,240,700	...	...
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	81,145	39,800	41,340	1,034,545	506,280	528,260
Married or living common law	45,630	22,840	22,795	593,615	297,280	296,335
Married	37,020	18,540	18,485	503,390	252,210	251,175
Living common law	8,610	4,300	4,310	90,230	45,075	45,155
Not married and not living common law	35,520	16,965	18,550	440,925	209,000	231,930
Never married	23,220	12,885	10,340	300,415	162,440	137,980
Separated	2,305	965	1,340	24,845	11,080	13,765
Divorced	6,155	2,355	3,805	54,860	22,780	32,080
Widowed	3,835	760	3,070	60,805	12,700	48,100
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	26,965	...	...	346,160	...	...
2 persons	13,775	...	...	171,435	...	...
3 persons	5,700	...	...	71,630	...	...
4 persons	5,135	...	...	65,500	...	...
5 or more persons	2,355	...	...	37,600	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	26,965	...	...	346,160	...	...
Total couple families	22,270	...	...	287,200	...	...
Married couples	17,965	...	...	242,100	...	...
Common-law couples	4,305	...	...	45,100	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	4,695	...	...	58,960	...	...
Female parent	3,755	...	...	45,930	...	...
Male parent	935	...	...	13,025	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	22,270	...	...	287,205	...	...
Couples without children	10,915	...	...	137,135	...	...
Couples with children	11,355	...	...	150,070	...	...
1 child	4,350	...	...	55,730	...	...
2 children	4,765	...	...	59,965	...	...
3 or more children	2,245	...	...	34,375	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	4,695	...	...	58,960	...	...
1 child	2,860	...	...	34,305	...	...
2 children	1,345	...	...	15,895	...	...
3 or more children	490	...	...	8,765	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	20,090	10,350	9,745	212,415	104,435	107,980
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	39,705	...	...	489,050	...	...
One-census-family households	25,590	...	...	323,125	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	10,410	...	...	130,475	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	15,180	...	...	192,650	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	675	...	...	11,110	...	...
Non-census-family households	13,435	...	...	154,815	...	...
One-person households	10,605	...	...	135,495	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	2,835	...	...	19,315	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	98,340	48,740	49,600	1,261,620	624,095	637,520
English only	92,085	45,885	46,200	1,135,395	566,980	568,410
French only	75	35	40	1,485	680	800
English and French	5,405	2,470	2,940	108,460	49,205	59,255
Neither English nor French	770	350	420	16,285	7,235	9,050
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	98,335	48,740	49,595	1,261,620	624,100	637,520
English	96,155	47,680	48,475	1,203,025	596,475	606,550
French	1,225	630	600	39,200	18,880	20,325
English and French	205	90	110	3,545	1,755	1,790
Neither English nor French	755	340	415	15,840	6,985	8,860
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	1,330	670	655	40,975	19,760	21,215
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.4	1.4	1.3	3.2	3.2	3.3
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	98,340	48,740	49,600	1,261,620	624,095	637,520
Single responses	96,600	47,890	48,705	1,230,115	608,820	621,300
Official languages	83,335	41,435	41,905	941,130	468,430	472,705
English	82,030	40,775	41,260	900,610	448,960	451,645
French	1,305	660	650	40,520	19,465	21,055
Non-official languages	13,260	6,460	6,805	288,985	140,395	148,590
Aboriginal languages	90	35	60	29,710	14,265	15,440
Algonquian languages	75	25	45	28,070	13,505	14,565
Blackfoot	0	0	0	5	0	5
Cree-Montagnais languages	55	15	40	14,820	7,085	7,740
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	5
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	5	30	5	20
Plains Cree	10	5	10	70	25	40
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	745	305	440
Woods Cree	5	0	5	65	20	40
Cree, n.o.s.	35	10	20	13,915	6,725	7,195
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Malecite	0	0	0	0	5	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	10	5	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	5	10	13,235	6,410	6,825
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	15	10	10	6,730	3,180	3,550
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	6,505	3,235	3,265
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	5	5	5	815	375	445
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	5	5	815	380	440
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	5	0	0	810	375	435
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	5	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	5	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	5	0	0	80	20	60
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	65	20	45
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	10
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	5	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	80	40	40
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	5
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	10	5	5	630	305	330
Dakota	5	0	5	630	305	325
Stoney	5	0	5	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	5	0	0	5	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	5	5	5	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	5
Non-Aboriginal languages	13,175	6,425	6,745	259,280	126,130	133,155
Afro-Asiatic languages	710	395	315	10,700	5,580	5,120
Berber languages	0	0	0	40	25	15
Kabyle	0	5	0	35	15	10
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	5
Cushitic languages	75	40	30	1,750	875	875
Bilen	0	0	0	155	85	70
Oromo	15	5	5	345	175	170
Somali	65	35	25	1,245	610	640
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Semitic languages	635	350	285	8,840	4,640	4,200
Amharic	25	5	15	1,770	885	885
Arabic	550	310	240	4,695	2,500	2,190
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	5	5	545	320	225
Maltese	0	0	0	40	20	25
Tigrigna	50	25	30	1,770	905	865
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	65	35	30
Austro-Asiatic languages	300	145	155	4,180	1,970	2,205
Khmer (Cambodian)	65	25	35	280	135	145
Vietnamese	235	115	120	3,895	1,840	2,060
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	5	0	0
Austronesian languages	4,245	1,925	2,320	52,905	24,685	28,220
Bikol	25	10	10	175	80	95
Cebuano	125	45	70	1,245	565	675
Fijian	0	0	0	35	15	15
Hiligaynon	40	10	25	390	170	220
Ilocano	235	105	130	1,365	630	730
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	5
Malay	15	10	5	175	65	105
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	40	25	15	655	315	340
Pangasinan	15	5	5	135	65	70
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	3,720	1,685	2,035	48,530	22,670	25,855
Waray-Waray	15	10	10	50	30	25
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	30	15	10	150	70	85
Creole languages	25	10	10	570	275	305
Haitian Creole	0	0	5	20	10	10
Creole, n.o.s.	15	10	5	290	140	145
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	265	120	145
Dravidian languages	135	70	60	1,565	825	735
Kannada	5	5	5	95	50	40
Malayalam	50	30	25	790	410	380
Tamil	55	25	25	480	255	230
Telugu	20	15	5	195	115	80
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	10	0	5
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Indo-European languages	6,135	3,100	3,040	158,350	77,605	80,750
Albanian	0	0	5	350	170	180
Armenian	40	20	20	65	35	30
Balto-Slavic languages	1,535	755	780	34,450	15,845	18,605
Baltic languages	25	15	10	165	65	95
Latvian	15	10	5	80	35	45
Lithuanian	15	5	5	85	35	45
Slavic languages	1,510	745	765	34,280	15,775	18,510
Belarusan	0	0	0	40	20	25
Bosnian	75	35	40	575	285	290
Bulgarian	25	5	20	140	70	65
Croatian	40	15	25	1,030	505	530
Czech	40	20	25	615	310	310
Macedonian	0	0	5	145	70	75
Polish	180	100	80	6,455	2,905	3,545
Russian	365	170	195	9,130	4,495	4,640
Serbian	55	35	25	655	335	320
Serbo-Croatian	15	5	10	240	110	130
Slovak	25	5	10	405	175	225
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	270	130	140
Ukrainian	675	350	330	14,505	6,325	8,180
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	75	40	30
Celtic languages	20	10	10	115	60	55
Scottish Gaelic	5	5	5	50	25	20
Welsh	10	5	5	60	30	30
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Germanic languages	1,170	565	605	68,670	33,310	35,360
Afrikaans	90	40	45	420	220	205
Danish	55	30	30	280	145	135
Dutch	360	170	190	2,675	1,335	1,335
Frisian	10	5	0	55	30	25
German	615	295	320	63,825	30,940	32,890
Icelandic	0	0	0	475	210	260
Norwegian	15	5	10	115	45	65
Swedish	20	10	5	135	70	70
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	5	310	125	180
Yiddish	0	0	0	355	175	180
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	25	10	10
Greek	35	15	25	1,285	665	615
Indo-Iranian languages	1,310	690	625	32,325	17,135	15,195
Indo-Aryan languages	935	495	440	29,520	15,700	13,820
Bengali	50	25	25	1,170	675	495
Gujarati	80	40	40	3,115	1,660	1,455
Hindi	225	125	105	2,270	1,215	1,060
Kashmiri	0	0	0	5	5	5
Konkani	0	0	0	35	20	15
Marathi	0	0	0	135	80	50
Nepali	20	10	15	720	355	365
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	10	5	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	225	110	105	18,320	9,650	8,670
Sindhi	15	5	5	60	30	30
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	55	30	25	670	345	320
Urdu	265	145	120	3,015	1,655	1,355
Iranian languages	365	185	175	2,705	1,365	1,335
Kurdish	5	0	0	415	210	200
Pashto	90	45	50	275	130	150
Persian (Farsi)	270	145	130	2,020	1,030	990
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	100	60	40
Italic (Romance) languages	2,025	1,040	985	21,100	10,385	10,710
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	5
Italian	75	35	40	3,840	1,910	1,930
Portuguese	70	40	30	6,585	3,190	3,390
Romanian	130	65	65	645	310	335
Spanish	1,745	900	850	10,005	4,965	5,040
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	10
Japanese	35	5	25	540	185	350
Kartvelian languages	0	0	5	15	10	10
Georgian	0	0	0	15	5	5
Korean	255	135	120	3,760	1,810	1,950
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	20	5	15
Mongolian	0	0	0	20	5	15
Niger-Congo languages	235	125	115	3,895	1,965	1,930
Akan (Twi)	30	15	15	150	90	65
Bamanankan	0	0	0	75	25	45
Edo	0	0	0	40	20	15
Ewe	10	5	0	30	20	10
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	65	35	30
Ga	0	0	0	15	10	5
Ganda	0	0	0	50	20	30
Igbo	30	15	20	280	155	130
Lingala	10	5	5	75	30	40
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	5	5	135	60	65
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	10	0	250	125	120
Shona	10	5	5	110	50	60
Swahili	40	20	15	870	420	455
Wolof	5	0	5	75	50	25
Yoruba	15	10	10	1,030	525	505
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	75	40	40	640	315	325
Nilo-Saharan languages	30	15	10	395	215	180
Dinka	25	15	10	175	90	80
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	225	125	100
Sign languages	20	10	10	440	230	210
American Sign Language	5	0	5	240	125	115
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	15	10	5	195	100	95
Sino-Tibetan languages	805	375	430	18,880	9,320	9,565
Chinese languages	795	370	430	18,305	9,025	9,280
Cantonese	460	220	235	6,625	3,140	3,485
Hakka	0	0	5	55	30	25
Mandarin	265	115	150	10,170	5,110	5,060
Min Dong	0	0	0	5	5	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	5	10	325	150	165
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	5	0	110	55	50
Chinese, n.o.s.	55	20	30	1,010	530	475
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	5	0	575	295	285
Burmese	0	0	5	85	50	30
Karenic languages	5	0	0	430	215	220
Tibetan	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	55	20	35
Tai-Kadai languages	85	30	50	1,120	525	595
Lao	45	20	25	875	445	430
Thai	40	5	30	240	85	165
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	5	0	0
Turkic languages	25	15	10	340	190	150
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	30	20	15
Turkish	10	5	0	210	120	95
Uyghur	0	0	0	10	5	10
Uzbek	10	5	5	40	25	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	40	25	20
Uralic languages	120	60	55	1,440	655	790
Estonian	5	0	5	30	10	15
Finnish	20	10	15	225	85	135
Hungarian	90	50	40	1,185	550	635
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	155	85	70
Multiple responses	1,740	850	885	31,505	15,280	16,220
English and French	240	120	120	4,365	2,140	2,230
English and non-official language	1,445	695	750	25,965	12,530	13,440
French and non-official language	25	15	5	695	380	315
English, French and non-official language	30	15	10	470	230	245
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	98,335	48,740	49,595	1,261,620	624,100	637,520
Single responses	94,510	46,890	47,620	1,197,145	593,020	604,120
Official languages	87,795	43,495	44,300	1,052,345	521,280	531,065
English	87,400	43,300	44,100	1,035,475	513,465	522,010
French	395	200	195	16,865	7,815	9,055
Non-official languages	6,715	3,395	3,315	144,800	71,740	73,060
Aboriginal languages	10	5	10	15,770	8,020	7,750
Algonquian languages	10	0	5	15,070	7,675	7,390
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	5	5	7,570	3,860	3,715
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	5	10	5	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	10	5	5
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	120	45	75
Woods Cree	5	0	5	15	10	5
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	0	7,415	3,790	3,620
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	7,495	3,820	3,675
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	2,505	1,280	1,225
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	4,990	2,545	2,455
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	635	305	330
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	635	305	330
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	630	305	330
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	15	5	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	10	5	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	10	5	10
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	5	0	5	35	25	10
Dakota	0	0	0	35	25	10
Stoney	0	5	5	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	6,705	3,390	3,310	129,035	63,725	65,310
Afro-Asiatic languages	520	280	240	6,875	3,475	3,400
Berber languages	0	0	0	20	15	5
Kabyle	0	0	0	15	10	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	5
Cushitic languages	50	30	20	1,185	550	630
Bilen	0	0	0	120	65	55
Oromo	10	5	5	210	95	115
Somali	35	25	15	845	385	460
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	10	0
Semitic languages	465	250	220	5,650	2,895	2,750
Amharic	10	0	5	1,045	520	525
Arabic	410	225	185	3,105	1,600	1,505
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	5	0	5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	355	195	160
Maltese	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tigrigna	45	20	25	1,135	580	555
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	180	90	95	2,900	1,370	1,530
Khmer (Cambodian)	35	20	15	125	55	70
Vietnamese	150	70	80	2,775	1,315	1,460
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	2,110	1,025	1,085	27,215	13,065	14,155
Bikol	5	0	0	30	15	15
Cebuano	40	20	20	495	250	245
Fijian	0	0	0	15	5	10
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	125	55	75
Ilocano	95	45	50	390	190	200
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	5	0	0	55	25	30
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	10	10	245	120	130
Pangasinan	0	0	0	30	15	15
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,940	945	1,000	25,790	12,375	13,420
Waray-Waray	5	0	5	10	5	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	30	15	15
Creole languages	15	10	5	290	120	165
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	10	5	5
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	0	165	75	85
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	115	45	75
Dravidian languages	85	35	40	800	400	400
Kannada	0	5	0	45	25	25
Malayalam	40	25	20	405	195	205
Tamil	30	15	15	240	120	120
Telugu	5	0	5	110	60	50
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	2,885	1,495	1,390	70,820	35,325	35,495
Albanian	0	0	0	155	80	75
Armenian	20	15	10	20	10	5
Balto-Slavic languages	795	415	375	11,685	5,670	6,015
Baltic languages	10	5	5	25	10	15
Latvian	5	5	0	15	5	5
Lithuanian	5	5	5	10	5	5
Slavic languages	785	410	370	11,660	5,660	6,000
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	5	0
Bosnian	30	15	15	285	145	140
Bulgarian	10	5	10	65	30	30
Croatian	15	5	5	320	145	180
Czech	10	5	5	115	55	60
Macedonian	0	0	5	85	35	45
Polish	50	30	20	2,010	910	1,105
Russian	230	110	120	5,530	2,780	2,745
Serbian	15	10	10	335	170	170
Serbo-Croatian	10	0	0	90	40	50
Slovak	5	0	0	70	35	35
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	55	20	30
Ukrainian	405	225	175	2,690	1,285	1,405
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	10	5	5
Celtic languages	5	5	5	20	15	10
Scottish Gaelic	0	5	5	5	5	0
Welsh	0	0	0	10	5	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	115	55	60	25,825	12,700	13,125
Afrikaans	45	20	25	200	100	100
Danish	0	0	0	10	5	5
Dutch	15	10	10	270	135	130
Frisian	0	0	0	10	5	5
German	45	25	25	24,795	12,185	12,615
Icelandic	0	0	0	35	15	20
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Swedish	0	0	0	10	5	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	15	5	10
Yiddish	0	0	0	10	5	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	465	240	225
Greek	10	5	5	535	255	280
Indo-Iranian languages	780	405	375	22,810	11,920	10,890
Indo-Aryan languages	535	285	250	21,010	11,055	9,950
Bengali	35	20	20	690	390	305
Gujarati	50	25	25	2,100	1,095	1,005
Hindi	105	60	40	1,335	715	620
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	10	5	5
Marathi	0	0	0	40	25	20
Nepali	5	0	5	540	265	280
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	140	70	65	14,000	7,330	6,670
Sindhi	0	0	0	30	10	15
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	35	15	20	360	190	170
Urdu	165	85	80	1,895	1,035	860
Iranian languages	240	120	120	1,755	835	920
Kurdish	0	0	0	275	135	140
Pashto	45	20	25	165	70	95
Persian (Farsi)	195	95	100	1,315	635	685
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	25	20
Italic (Romance) languages	1,155	590	565	9,765	4,670	5,090
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	15	5	10	1,035	450	590
Portuguese	35	15	15	2,800	1,305	1,500
Romanian	60	30	30	235	110	125
Spanish	1,055	540	510	5,695	2,810	2,885
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	175	75	105
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	10	5	0
Georgian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Korean	200	105	95	2,915	1,430	1,490
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Mongolian	0	0	0	5	5	5
Niger-Congo languages	80	40	40	1,410	695	720
Akan (Twi)	15	5	10	45	30	20
Bamanankan	0	0	0	15	5	5
Edo	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ewe	5	5	0	5	5	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	35	15	15
Ga	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	5	0	0
Igbo	15	5	10	75	40	35
Lingala	0	5	5	40	20	20
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	5	65	35	35
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	105	55	50
Shona	0	0	0	10	5	10
Swahili	15	10	5	500	240	265
Wolof	5	5	0	25	20	10
Yoruba	0	0	5	345	175	170
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	125	50	75
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	5	130	60	70
Dinka	5	5	0	80	35	45
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	30	25
Sign languages	20	15	5	560	310	255
American Sign Language	0	5	0	255	135	120
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	15	15	5	305	170	135
Sino-Tibetan languages	495	235	260	13,910	6,920	6,985
Chinese languages	485	230	255	13,445	6,685	6,765
Cantonese	280	135	140	4,455	2,105	2,350
Hakka	0	0	0	25	10	15
Mandarin	170	80	95	8,080	4,105	3,975
Min Dong	0	0	0	5	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	0	135	65	70
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	65	30	35
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	15	15	675	365	315
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	5	0	465	235	225
Burmese	0	0	0	55	30	25
Karenic languages	5	5	5	370	190	180
Tibetan	0	0	0	5	0	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	40	15	20
Tai-Kadai languages	50	20	30	535	250	280
Lao	30	15	15	430	210	220
Thai	20	5	10	105	40	65
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	20	15	10	135	70	65
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	10	5	10
Turkish	10	5	5	65	35	35
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	10	10	5	35	20	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15
Uralic languages	30	20	10	305	140	165
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	5	0	0	35	15	15
Hungarian	30	20	10	270	125	145
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	25	20
Multiple responses	3,830	1,845	1,980	64,475	31,080	33,400
English and French	140	60	80	3,090	1,440	1,645
English and non-official language	3,610	1,755	1,855	60,090	28,995	31,090
French and non-official language	10	0	5	415	215	205
English, French and non-official language	60	30	35	885	420	455
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	98,335	48,740	49,595	1,261,615	624,095	637,520
None	90,235	44,770	45,465	1,079,050	535,990	543,065
English	3,185	1,625	1,560	76,350	37,795	38,550
French	885	435	450	20,200	9,130	11,075
Non-official language	3,910	1,845	2,065	83,315	39,860	43,455
Aboriginal	90	35	50	16,105	7,590	8,515
Non-Aboriginal	3,820	1,810	2,010	67,215	32,275	34,940
English and French	15	5	5	305	150	150
English and non-official language	70	35	40	1,610	815	790
French and non-official language	35	20	15	770	345	420
English, French and non-official language	5	0	0	20	5	10
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	79,240	39,060	40,180	1,001,305	491,590	509,715
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	76,095	37,525	38,565	954,035	467,790	486,250
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,028	53,491	32,369	34,188	40,379	29,220
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	76,110	37,535	38,575	954,205	467,820	486,390
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,600	45,827	29,725	30,465	35,150	26,561
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	70,900	35,805	35,100	859,545	431,145	428,400
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,089	52,724	30,549	32,592	39,229	26,692
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	45,710	17,845	27,855	701,840	309,530	392,310
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	4,678	4,997	4,553	4,268	1,890	5,434
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	61,895	31,925	29,965	722,785	374,850	347,935
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,041	52,597	31,088	33,677	39,365	28,679
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	79,190	39,025	40,165	1,001,305	491,580	509,725
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	76,125	37,400	38,725	953,960	467,575	486,385
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	57,397	73,226	42,108	43,767	51,068	36,747
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	76,135	37,410	38,735	954,175	467,605	486,565
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,963	58,292	36,022	35,957	41,013	31,097
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	70,915	35,705	35,210	859,575	431,035	428,540
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	56,846	72,817	40,650	42,776	50,803	34,704
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	45,925	18,005	27,920	701,830	308,940	392,890
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,369	7,724	7,141	7,099	6,411	7,640
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	61,915	31,865	30,045	722,785	374,535	348,250
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	53,047	67,216	38,017	42,551	49,417	35,168
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	79,190	39,025	40,165	1,001,310	491,580	509,725
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	27,245	15,300	11,945	350,580	201,335	149,245
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	58,449	70,379	48,325	50,026	54,580	44,818
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	71,719	84,449	55,411	59,523	65,410	51,581
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	92.1	94.9	87.4	88.0	91.7	83.1
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	74.9	77.6	70.5	73.6	77.4	68.6
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	7.9	5.1	12.6	12.0	8.3	16.9
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	79,240	39,060	40,180	1,001,310	491,585	509,720
Without total income	3,145	1,530	1,615	47,270	23,800	23,470
With total income	76,095	37,530	38,565	954,040	467,790	486,245
Percentage with total income	96.0	96.1	96.0	95.3	95.2	95.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,785	3,190	5,600	137,700	62,550	75,150
$10,000 to $19,999	9,720	3,550	6,175	150,320	58,320	91,995
$20,000 to $29,999	9,885	3,640	6,245	136,510	54,950	81,560
$30,000 to $39,999	8,790	3,645	5,145	123,685	55,805	67,885
$40,000 to $49,999	7,735	3,555	4,180	109,710	54,650	55,060
$50,000 to $59,999	6,455	3,235	3,220	80,625	45,170	35,460
$60,000 to $69,999	5,115	2,870	2,245	58,785	35,250	23,535
$70,000 to $79,999	4,080	2,590	1,490	43,365	26,465	16,895
$80,000 to $89,999	3,235	2,045	1,185	34,000	20,100	13,905
$90,000 to $99,999	2,795	1,790	1,005	21,980	13,545	8,440
$100,000 and over	9,495	7,420	2,075	57,355	40,985	16,370
$100,000 to $149,999	6,270	4,730	1,540	40,870	28,585	12,285
$150,000 and over	3,225	2,690	535	16,490	12,395	4,090
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	79,240	39,060	40,180	1,001,305	491,585	509,720
Without after-tax income	3,130	1,525	1,600	47,100	23,770	23,330
With after-tax income	76,115	37,535	38,575	954,205	467,820	486,390
Percentage with after-tax income	96.1	96.1	96.0	95.3	95.2	95.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,015	3,250	5,765	142,035	63,525	78,510
$10,000 to $19,999	10,180	3,730	6,455	161,865	63,410	98,460
$20,000 to $29,999	11,645	4,390	7,250	165,880	68,985	96,895
$30,000 to $39,999	10,700	4,715	5,985	153,680	73,335	80,350
$40,000 to $49,999	9,100	4,485	4,615	116,415	63,755	52,660
$50,000 to $59,999	6,960	3,890	3,070	78,105	46,940	31,160
$60,000 to $69,999	5,065	3,215	1,845	53,870	32,165	21,705
$70,000 to $79,999	3,855	2,525	1,335	31,690	19,680	12,010
$80,000 and over	9,595	7,335	2,260	50,655	36,025	14,630
$80,000 to $89,999	2,940	1,995	945	18,025	12,260	5,760
$90,000 to $99,999	1,800	1,390	415	10,325	7,305	3,015
$100,000 and over	4,855	3,950	905	22,305	16,460	5,850
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	79,240	39,060	40,180	1,001,305	491,590	509,720
Without employment income	17,345	7,135	10,210	278,525	116,740	161,775
With employment income	61,895	31,925	29,965	722,785	374,845	347,940
Percentage with employment income	78.1	81.7	74.6	72.2	76.3	68.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	6,420	2,665	3,755	90,045	42,675	47,375
$5,000 to $9,999	4,150	1,645	2,505	54,560	23,875	30,690
$10,000 to $19,999	7,065	2,715	4,345	94,460	41,920	52,535
$20,000 to $29,999	6,460	2,560	3,895	89,540	39,650	49,895
$30,000 to $39,999	6,825	2,865	3,960	88,340	41,905	46,440
$40,000 to $49,999	6,010	2,825	3,180	77,755	40,205	37,550
$50,000 to $59,999	5,040	2,590	2,450	58,900	34,355	24,550
$60,000 to $69,999	3,985	2,330	1,655	44,085	27,115	16,970
$70,000 to $79,999	3,300	2,170	1,135	34,450	21,375	13,075
$80,000 and over	12,640	9,565	3,075	90,650	61,780	28,865
$80,000 to $89,999	2,685	1,770	910	28,365	16,860	11,505
$90,000 to $99,999	2,415	1,575	835	17,635	11,355	6,275
$100,000 and over	7,545	6,215	1,330	44,650	33,560	11,095
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	39,705	...	...	489,050	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	85,616	...	...	68,147	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	73,754	...	...	59,093	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	10,600	...	...	135,495	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	43,461	...	...	35,846	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	38,077	...	...	31,538	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	29,100	...	...	353,550	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	104,013	...	...	84,532	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	88,956	...	...	72,688	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	39,695	...	...	489,050	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	110,075	...	...	85,373	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	90,081	...	...	70,154	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	10,590	...	...	135,440	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	57,966	...	...	44,208	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	47,685	...	...	36,503	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	29,105	...	...	353,605	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	129,034	...	...	101,140	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	105,506	...	...	83,044	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	39,705	...	...	489,050	...	...
Under $5,000	470	...	...	9,250	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	380	...	...	8,175	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	435	...	...	11,450	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,115	...	...	18,260	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,600	...	...	21,395	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,195	...	...	19,035	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,270	...	...	21,090	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,375	...	...	21,745	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,420	...	...	21,605	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,365	...	...	21,225	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,725	...	...	40,240	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,590	...	...	37,910	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,570	...	...	34,275	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,365	...	...	31,555	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,250	...	...	27,215	...	...
$100,000 and over	16,570	...	...	144,620	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,880	...	...	52,495	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,630	...	...	34,595	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,325	...	...	34,670	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,730	...	...	22,865	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	39,705	...	...	489,050	...	...
Under $5,000	500	...	...	9,725	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	390	...	...	8,315	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	465	...	...	11,860	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,170	...	...	19,325	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,745	...	...	24,370	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,370	...	...	22,665	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,500	...	...	25,915	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,655	...	...	26,725	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,795	...	...	25,965	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,630	...	...	25,290	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,285	...	...	48,610	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,195	...	...	44,280	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,015	...	...	38,890	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,920	...	...	32,370	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,475	...	...	26,890	...	...
$100,000 and over	12,605	...	...	97,850	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,900	...	...	46,355	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,075	...	...	24,795	...	...
$150,000 and over	4,630	...	...	26,705	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	26,915	...	...	341,205	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	102,512	...	...	84,441	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	87,593	...	...	72,563	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	10,205	...	...	127,580	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	97,624	...	...	79,103	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	83,384	...	...	67,596	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	11,395	...	...	150,585	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	126,793	...	...	104,902	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	106,606	...	...	89,307	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.0	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,380	...	...	52,215	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	55,026	...	...	49,922	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	51,072	...	...	46,048	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	26,985	...	...	341,235	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	128,306	...	...	101,410	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	104,566	...	...	83,132	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	10,160	...	...	127,710	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	118,932	...	...	95,583	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	96,388	...	...	77,743	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	11,410	...	...	150,695	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	159,253	...	...	122,176	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	128,794	...	...	99,399	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,410	...	...	52,130	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	74,938	...	...	60,006	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	64,098	...	...	52,307	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	17,660	9,165	8,495	175,270	86,935	88,335
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	39,066	44,668	34,217	32,927	35,568	30,818
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	34,728	38,803	31,072	29,429	31,130	28,062
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	17,525	8,960	8,565	174,945	86,380	88,565
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	51,757	59,312	43,851	40,853	43,332	38,434
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	43,023	48,406	37,390	33,961	35,291	32,663
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	97,780	48,580	49,200	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
In the bottom half of the distribution	40,915	19,240	21,675	687,930	332,640	355,290
In the bottom decile	7,350	3,445	3,905	151,750	74,825	76,930
In the second decile	7,890	3,530	4,365	135,485	62,035	73,450
In the third decile	8,005	3,720	4,290	135,395	64,805	70,590
In the fourth decile	8,480	4,065	4,410	132,755	65,185	67,575
In the fifth decile	9,190	4,480	4,710	132,540	65,790	66,750
In the top half of the distribution	56,865	29,345	27,520	552,770	281,805	270,965
In the sixth decile	9,810	4,920	4,895	127,575	64,305	63,265
In the seventh decile	10,130	5,125	5,005	123,505	62,770	60,735
In the eighth decile	11,055	5,690	5,365	116,805	59,460	57,350
In the ninth decile	12,300	6,365	5,930	104,820	53,835	50,980
In the top decile	13,575	7,245	6,330	80,070	41,435	38,640
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	97,780	48,585	49,200	1,175,720	581,585	594,135
0 to 17 years	22,045	11,305	10,735	260,905	134,075	126,830
0 to 5 years	7,545	3,900	3,645	85,935	44,240	41,695
18 to 64 years	65,175	32,475	32,705	737,035	365,965	371,070
65 years and over	10,555	4,805	5,755	177,780	81,540	96,235
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	9,865	4,495	5,365	180,880	85,185	95,690
0 to 17 years	3,205	1,695	1,510	57,185	29,390	27,790
0 to 5 years	1,165	610	550	21,325	10,970	10,355
18 to 64 years	5,795	2,525	3,270	98,920	46,630	52,285
65 years and over	865	280	585	24,785	9,165	15,615
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.1	9.3	10.9	15.4	14.6	16.1
0 to 17 years (%)	14.5	15.0	14.1	21.9	21.9	21.9
0 to 5 years (%)	15.4	15.6	15.1	24.8	24.8	24.8
18 to 64 years (%)	8.9	7.8	10.0	13.4	12.7	14.1
65 years and over (%)	8.2	5.8	10.2	13.9	11.2	16.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	6,035	2,870	3,170	115,965	56,255	59,705
0 to 17 years	1,845	1,000	845	33,260	17,040	16,220
0 to 5 years	660	340	320	12,310	6,325	5,985
18 to 64 years	4,010	1,790	2,215	73,655	35,895	37,760
65 years and over	185	70	105	9,045	3,325	5,725
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.2	5.9	6.4	9.9	9.7	10.0
0 to 17 years (%)	8.4	8.8	7.9	12.7	12.7	12.8
0 to 5 years (%)	8.7	8.7	8.8	14.3	14.3	14.4
18 to 64 years (%)	6.2	5.5	6.8	10.0	9.8	10.2
65 years and over (%)	1.8	1.5	1.8	5.1	4.1	5.9
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	97,730	48,550	49,180	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Official languages	96,975	48,240	48,730	1,224,985	607,375	617,605
English	96,910	48,220	48,690	1,223,665	606,760	616,905
French	5,465	2,430	3,035	108,560	49,435	59,130
Non-official languages	17,135	8,360	8,775	340,250	165,150	175,100
Aboriginal languages	190	75	115	40,465	19,410	21,050
Algonquian languages	150	50	100	38,305	18,375	19,930
Blackfoot	15	10	10	10	0	10
Cree-Montagnais languages	125	45	80	20,975	10,025	10,955
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	10
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	85	25	55
Plains Cree	30	0	30	190	90	100
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	1,140	505	640
Woods Cree	10	0	0	130	65	65
Cree, n.o.s.	85	40	50	19,435	9,340	10,095
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Malecite	0	0	0	10	10	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	10	0	17,710	8,520	9,185
Algonquin	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ojibway	15	10	0	9,685	4,560	5,125
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	8,045	3,975	4,070
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	15	10	0	1,120	525	595
Northern Athabaskan languages	15	15	10	1,110	520	590
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	10	0	0	1,110	520	595
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	110	55	55
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	80	35	45
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	10
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	15	10	10
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	10
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	210	115	95
Salish languages	10	0	10	0	0	10
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	10	0	10
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	15	15	0	760	365	395
Dakota	10	10	0	760	360	400
Stoney	0	10	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35	15	20
Non-Aboriginal languages	16,945	8,285	8,655	299,900	145,795	154,110
Afro-Asiatic languages	950	505	445	15,730	8,320	7,410
Berber languages	20	10	0	85	50	40
Kabyle	10	10	0	45	25	20
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	50	35	10
Cushitic languages	110	50	60	2,300	1,195	1,105
Bilen	0	0	0	210	120	85
Oromo	0	0	10	535	275	260
Somali	105	50	55	1,550	790	760
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	15	10
Semitic languages	825	450	380	13,685	7,300	6,390
Amharic	35	15	20	2,475	1,370	1,105
Arabic	755	410	345	6,650	3,590	3,055
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	15	0	10
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	10	0
Hebrew	25	15	10	3,370	1,735	1,635
Maltese	0	0	0	65	30	35
Tigrigna	60	35	25	2,225	1,175	1,050
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	155	80	80
Austro-Asiatic languages	320	130	190	5,230	2,545	2,685
Khmer (Cambodian)	145	50	95	335	185	150
Vietnamese	185	85	105	4,905	2,370	2,535
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	5,760	2,670	3,095	65,305	30,220	35,090
Bikol	15	0	10	225	100	125
Cebuano	190	65	125	1,615	805	810
Fijian	0	0	10	65	35	30
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	425	180	245
Ilocano	285	105	180	1,875	880	990
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	35	25	10	375	180	195
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	90	45	45	945	415	530
Pangasinan	0	10	0	205	100	110
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5,590	2,580	3,015	64,165	29,640	34,520
Waray-Waray	10	0	10	115	55	55
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	0	20	200	80	120
Creole languages	30	20	10	1,310	605	705
Haitian Creole	10	0	10	25	10	15
Creole, n.o.s.	0	10	0	635	310	315
Creole languages, n.i.e.	20	20	0	680	305	375
Dravidian languages	185	95	90	1,840	945	895
Kannada	10	0	0	175	95	80
Malayalam	95	45	45	830	400	430
Tamil	80	35	45	655	330	325
Telugu	35	15	15	255	150	110
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	7,675	3,895	3,780	175,950	86,435	89,510
Albanian	0	0	0	390	195	195
Armenian	10	0	0	65	50	15
Balto-Slavic languages	1,660	850	815	39,530	18,780	20,745
Baltic languages	40	20	25	230	90	140
Latvian	25	15	10	115	45	70
Lithuanian	10	10	10	120	50	65
Slavic languages	1,630	835	795	39,360	18,720	20,640
Belarusan	0	0	0	65	25	45
Bosnian	70	35	40	835	405	430
Bulgarian	15	15	0	155	95	60
Croatian	115	50	70	1,595	765	825
Czech	25	0	15	735	335	395
Macedonian	0	0	0	140	75	60
Polish	210	105	105	7,655	3,625	4,035
Russian	680	380	305	13,455	6,715	6,740
Serbian	125	55	65	870	470	400
Serbo-Croatian	30	10	20	190	75	115
Slovak	10	0	10	480	215	260
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	275	100	175
Ukrainian	725	395	330	17,095	7,795	9,305
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	70	35	30
Celtic languages	20	10	10	225	125	100
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	90	65	25
Welsh	15	10	0	90	45	45
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	15	25
Germanic languages	1,360	670	690	68,285	33,250	35,035
Afrikaans	130	65	65	715	330	385
Danish	40	10	30	270	120	150
Dutch	285	115	170	3,120	1,555	1,565
Frisian	10	10	10	90	65	30
German	885	480	405	61,760	30,170	31,600
Icelandic	0	0	0	560	225	335
Norwegian	10	0	10	290	115	175
Swedish	30	15	15	270	125	150
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	10	270	120	155
Yiddish	0	0	10	545	235	315
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,490	1,285	1,205
Greek	25	10	15	2,010	1,015	1,000
Indo-Iranian languages	1,570	845	720	38,760	20,480	18,280
Indo-Aryan languages	1,190	640	545	35,830	18,990	16,835
Bengali	110	55	60	1,520	885	635
Gujarati	80	40	45	3,905	2,065	1,840
Hindi	500	280	220	12,900	6,900	6,000
Kashmiri	0	0	0	20	15	10
Konkani	10	0	10	40	30	10
Marathi	10	0	10	275	170	105
Nepali	10	10	10	600	285	315
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	15	10	10
Punjabi (Panjabi)	370	205	165	22,900	12,035	10,865
Sindhi	20	15	10	150	85	65
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	110	60	50	920	500	420
Urdu	255	145	105	4,600	2,540	2,060
Iranian languages	385	210	175	3,035	1,525	1,515
Kurdish	0	0	0	600	295	305
Pashto	65	35	35	290	135	150
Persian (Farsi)	335	185	150	2,295	1,175	1,120
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	230	125	105
Italic (Romance) languages	3,200	1,595	1,610	34,360	16,630	17,735
Catalan	0	0	0	15	10	10
Italian	155	75	80	5,350	2,610	2,735
Portuguese	140	50	90	8,460	4,125	4,335
Romanian	205	105	100	785	395	390
Spanish	2,765	1,390	1,380	20,605	9,910	10,695
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	60	45	15
Japanese	105	50	55	1,160	550	605
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	10	0	15
Georgian	0	0	0	15	0	15
Korean	250	125	130	4,240	2,100	2,145
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	55	20	35
Mongolian	0	0	0	55	20	30
Niger-Congo languages	465	225	240	7,970	4,125	3,845
Akan (Twi)	70	20	50	260	165	95
Bamanankan	0	0	0	160	95	65
Edo	0	0	0	95	60	30
Ewe	0	0	0	50	30	20
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	50	25	25
Ga	0	10	0	30	10	15
Ganda	0	0	0	230	110	120
Igbo	140	65	75	665	345	325
Lingala	15	10	0	655	315	345
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	205	105	105
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	10	0	305	155	155
Shona	0	0	0	250	110	140
Swahili	85	50	30	1,930	1,020	905
Wolof	0	0	0	150	85	70
Yoruba	55	25	30	2,630	1,330	1,295
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	100	50	45	1,440	765	680
Nilo-Saharan languages	60	35	30	410	225	185
Dinka	65	35	30	180	105	75
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	225	120	105
Sign languages	200	100	105	2,670	985	1,685
American Sign Language	100	50	45	1,710	625	1,090
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	100	45	60	975	365	610
Sino-Tibetan languages	950	470	480	21,130	10,490	10,650
Chinese languages	940	460	475	20,475	10,185	10,285
Cantonese	595	300	295	8,310	3,920	4,390
Hakka	10	10	0	50	30	20
Mandarin	365	165	205	12,825	6,460	6,365
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	10	480	230	250
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	185	95	85
Chinese, n.o.s.	45	20	20	1,115	600	510
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	10	10	675	310	370
Burmese	10	0	0	185	115	70
Karenic languages	0	0	0	465	200	265
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	145	60	80
Tai-Kadai languages	105	35	65	1,565	730	835
Lao	60	30	30	1,120	520	600
Thai	40	10	35	575	270	305
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Turkic languages	25	15	10	510	250	265
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	50	25	30
Turkish	0	0	10	365	180	185
Uyghur	0	0	0	30	15	10
Uzbek	20	10	0	40	20	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	15	30
Uralic languages	150	80	70	1,550	730	815
Estonian	10	0	0	45	20	25
Finnish	35	20	20	265	105	160
Hungarian	110	60	50	1,235	600	635
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	75	35	35	445	290	150
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	97,730	48,550	49,180	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	89,515	44,555	44,965	1,133,080	560,165	572,920
Canadian citizens aged under 18	20,390	10,445	9,950	266,225	136,640	129,585
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	69,130	34,115	35,020	866,855	423,520	443,335
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	8,215	3,995	4,210	107,620	54,280	53,340
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	97,730	48,550	49,175	1,240,700	614,445	626,255
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	81,770	40,740	41,035	996,860	494,285	502,570
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	14,560	7,145	7,415	227,465	111,095	116,365
Before 1981	2,210	1,075	1,130	50,025	23,340	26,680
1981 to 1990	1,105	550	565	20,205	10,190	10,010
1991 to 2000	1,555	735	815	23,040	11,165	11,875
2001 to 2010	4,455	2,190	2,270	70,985	35,305	35,680
2001 to 2005	1,545	790	750	22,570	11,195	11,370
2006 to 2010	2,915	1,400	1,515	48,415	24,110	24,305
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	5,230	2,595	2,635	63,210	31,095	32,120
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	1,400	665	730	16,375	9,055	7,320
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	14,560	7,150	7,415	227,470	111,100	116,370
Under 5 years	1,225	625	595	25,595	12,975	12,625
5 to 14 years	2,950	1,575	1,370	45,570	23,305	22,265
15 to 24 years	2,655	1,275	1,375	44,585	20,820	23,770
25 to 44 years	6,665	3,140	3,525	93,700	45,160	48,540
45 years and over	1,075	525	550	18,010	8,845	9,170
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	14,560	7,145	7,415	227,465	111,095	116,365
Americas	2,290	1,115	1,180	31,980	15,285	16,700
Brazil	30	0	25	435	170	265
Colombia	310	155	155	1,050	510	545
El Salvador	605	325	285	2,480	1,325	1,155
Guyana	45	20	25	1,135	515	620
Haiti	0	0	0	155	75	80
Jamaica	15	10	10	1,810	835	970
Mexico	135	55	80	6,655	3,330	3,320
Peru	20	0	15	235	85	150
Trinidad and Tobago	40	10	30	1,505	785	720
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	640	270	365	7,100	3,100	4,000
Other places of birth in Americas	440	260	180	9,425	4,550	4,875
Europe	3,235	1,610	1,625	56,705	27,815	28,890
Bosnia and Herzegovina	85	25	60	1,055	530	525
Croatia	60	20	35	975	445	535
France	15	0	10	795	425	365
Germany	325	180	145	10,390	5,215	5,175
Greece	15	0	10	820	445	375
Hungary	50	25	20	815	435	375
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	60	45	20	650	310	340
Italy	60	30	30	2,755	1,405	1,350
Netherlands	265	125	140	2,250	1,185	1,060
Poland	145	70	75	5,280	2,455	2,820
Portugal	45	20	20	4,380	2,170	2,210
Romania	175	90	85	720	345	375
Russian Federation	125	55	75	4,245	2,035	2,210
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	25	25	0	355	175	175
Ukraine	410	240	175	4,765	2,250	2,515
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	1,070	505	570	11,665	5,655	6,015
Other places of birth in Europe	300	140	155	4,790	2,325	2,470
Africa	1,125	610	515	17,975	9,495	8,485
Algeria	30	10	10	115	60	55
Egypt	55	40	15	980	525	455
Ethiopia	40	15	20	2,525	1,360	1,165
Kenya	25	15	10	935	470	465
Morocco	20	15	10	250	140	110
Nigeria	190	100	85	3,820	2,070	1,750
Somalia	65	40	25	755	350	415
South Africa, Republic of	130	55	75	975	465	505
Other places of birth in Africa	575	305	270	7,630	4,055	3,570
Asia	7,770	3,755	4,015	120,230	58,215	62,015
Afghanistan	170	100	65	615	285	330
Bangladesh	55	30	25	880	475	400
China^{Census data footnote 59}	410	200	215	9,250	4,460	4,790
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	130	65	65	1,460	715	735
India	605	345	260	21,990	11,395	10,595
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	65	30	35	1,180	655	530
Iraq	15	10	10	860	460	400
Japan	20	0	20	225	70	150
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	165	80	85	2,880	1,415	1,470
Lebanon	75	35	35	265	165	100
Pakistan	230	125	105	3,125	1,675	1,450
Philippines	4,825	2,260	2,560	61,950	28,800	33,150
Sri Lanka	100	60	45	1,015	515	505
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	190	90	100	805	390	410
Taiwan	10	0	0	215	110	110
Viet Nam	250	115	130	4,225	2,035	2,185
Other places of birth in Asia	460	205	255	9,285	4,590	4,695
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	145	55	85	575	290	280
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	5,230	2,595	2,635	63,210	31,095	32,115
Americas	460	235	225	4,130	1,840	2,290
Brazil	10	0	10	100	35	65
Colombia	45	20	25	185	70	120
Cuba	10	10	0	75	25	55
Haiti	0	0	0	15	10	0
Jamaica	10	0	10	340	175	165
Mexico	80	35	45	875	415	465
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	90	55	35	970	445	525
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	75	30	40
Other places of birth in Americas	215	115	100	1,490	640	850
Europe	570	335	235	5,155	2,650	2,505
France	0	0	0	135	70	75
Germany	20	15	10	580	310	265
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	20	10	10	135	80	60
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	20	10	15	160	85	70
Romania	50	20	30	70	30	35
Russian Federation	30	10	15	1,145	530	610
Ukraine	325	190	135	1,320	670	650
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	50	40	15	550	290	265
Other places of birth in Europe	55	35	20	1,060	590	470
Africa	350	170	180	7,860	4,120	3,735
Algeria	0	0	10	20	10	10
Cameroon	55	25	30	65	45	20
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	740	360	380
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	95	35	60
Egypt	20	15	0	415	220	190
Eritrea	20	0	10	795	430	360
Ethiopia	20	10	15	810	425	380
Morocco	10	10	0	70	30	35
Nigeria	105	50	55	2,630	1,415	1,215
Somalia	15	0	10	385	160	215
South Africa, Republic of	35	15	20	225	110	120
Tunisia	0	0	0	65	45	20
Other places of birth in Africa	75	35	35	1,555	820	735
Asia	3,810	1,830	1,985	45,915	22,395	23,520
Afghanistan	70	30	35	60	35	25
Bangladesh	0	0	0	360	195	170
China^{Census data footnote 59}	65	25	40	3,390	1,635	1,760
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	10	0	10	185	105	80
India	275	170	105	10,915	5,675	5,240
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	10	0	10	425	230	195
Iraq	0	0	0	330	175	155
Israel	0	0	0	595	340	260
Japan	0	0	0	45	25	25
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	55	30	25	1,300	665	640
Lebanon	10	0	10	140	100	35
Nepal	10	0	10	210	70	140
Pakistan	35	15	20	1,535	800	735
Philippines	2,900	1,385	1,515	22,885	10,645	12,245
Saudi Arabia	15	0	15	325	145	180
Sri Lanka	45	25	20	250	140	115
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	180	85	95	635	325	310
Taiwan	0	0	0	20	0	10
Turkey	0	0	0	40	30	10
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	110	55	55
Viet Nam	15	0	15	495	220	275
Other places of birth in Asia	125	65	60	1,650	785	870
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	35	30	0	150	80	70
Australia	10	10	0	80	25	60
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	30	25	0	65	55	15
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	97,730	48,550	49,175	1,240,695	614,440	626,260
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	16,395	8,025	8,375	249,625	123,035	126,585
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	14,780	7,110	7,665	197,530	97,135	100,395
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	66,555	33,410	33,135	793,545	394,265	399,280
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	12,465	6,110	6,350	180,810	89,380	91,425
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	7,685	3,935	3,750	119,845	60,680	59,165
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	3,075	1,780	1,295	44,415	27,435	16,980
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	4,610	2,150	2,455	75,430	33,250	42,185
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	2,830	1,135	1,695	39,875	17,355	22,525
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	1,845	990	855	20,550	11,155	9,395
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	105	50	50	540	195	345
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	97,730	48,550	49,180	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	5,155	2,505	2,655	223,310	108,495	114,815
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	5,000	2,410	2,585	220,470	107,145	113,330
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	2,050	1,015	1,030	130,510	62,955	67,550
Métis	2,895	1,360	1,540	89,355	43,895	45,465
Inuk (Inuit)	55	40	20	610	295	310
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	110	70	40	2,020	985	1,030
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	50	25	25	820	365	450
Non-Aboriginal identity	92,575	46,050	46,525	1,017,385	505,945	511,445
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	97,730	48,555	49,180	1,240,700	614,440	626,255
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	1,550	760	800	127,250	61,300	65,950
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	96,175	47,790	48,380	1,113,450	553,140	560,305
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	97,730	48,550	49,180	1,240,700	614,440	626,255
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	1,145	600	545	110,630	53,980	56,645
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	1,110	580	530	108,055	52,775	55,285
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	690	370	320	93,070	45,490	47,580
Métis single ancestry	390	195	200	14,835	7,210	7,625
Inuit single ancestry	30	15	15	155	75	80
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	35	20	15	2,570	1,205	1,365
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	30	15	15	2,495	1,160	1,335
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	50	30	15
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	15	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	10	10	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	5,795	2,680	3,120	114,605	55,480	59,120
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	5,595	2,570	3,025	107,535	52,250	55,285
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	3,170	1,420	1,745	40,265	19,440	20,820
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,380	1,120	1,260	66,810	32,600	34,215
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	50	30	20	460	210	250
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	205	110	95	7,070	3,235	3,835
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	180	95	80	6,800	3,100	3,705
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	120	65	55
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	10	10	130	55	80
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	10	10	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	90,790	45,275	45,515	1,015,465	504,980	510,485
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	97,730	48,550	49,180	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	15,150	7,360	7,785	216,850	108,315	108,530
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	1,665	875	790	42,060	22,200	19,855
Chinese	1,355	685	670	22,540	11,340	11,195
Black	1,725	830	895	30,335	15,790	14,550
Filipino	6,225	2,895	3,330	79,815	37,935	41,885
Latin American	1,770	935	835	9,895	4,840	5,050
Arab	475	245	230	5,030	2,705	2,325
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	660	275	385	8,565	4,155	4,410
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	430	215	210	2,695	1,420	1,270
Korean	265	135	135	4,375	2,195	2,180
Japanese	125	65	60	1,850	880	975
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	110	55	45	3,195	1,610	1,590
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	345	155	195	6,485	3,235	3,250
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	82,580	41,195	41,385	1,023,850	506,125	517,725
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	97,730	48,550	49,175	1,240,700	614,440	626,255
North American Aboriginal origins	6,940	3,275	3,665	225,230	109,465	115,770
First Nations (North American Indian)	4,075	1,905	2,165	142,820	69,305	73,510
Inuit	105	65	40	955	460	500
Métis	2,995	1,430	1,560	91,120	44,150	46,970
Other North American origins	27,135	13,745	13,390	247,670	123,075	124,600
Acadian	100	60	40	645	325	320
American	2,030	940	1,090	9,220	4,605	4,615
Canadian	25,690	13,065	12,630	240,835	119,610	121,225
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	10	0	10
Newfoundlander	55	20	30	215	130	90
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	20	15	0
Ontarian	10	0	10	20	20	0
Québécois	25	10	15	280	150	125
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	10	0	0	30	10	25
European origins	69,645	34,165	35,480	826,210	406,770	419,445
British Isles origins	45,395	22,070	23,330	421,515	206,840	214,675
Channel Islander	0	0	0	45	25	25
Cornish	0	0	0	85	45	40
English	25,980	12,460	13,520	245,960	119,975	125,985
Irish	16,745	7,885	8,860	156,145	74,290	81,850
Manx	30	15	15	200	100	100
Scottish	19,885	9,785	10,100	208,065	100,790	107,265
Welsh	2,360	1,085	1,275	17,760	8,575	9,180
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	2,380	1,125	1,255	19,610	9,260	10,355
French origins	10,875	5,200	5,680	148,810	72,060	76,750
Alsatian	0	0	0	20	15	15
Breton	0	0	0	120	40	75
Corsican	0	0	0	0	10	0
French	10,880	5,195	5,680	148,740	72,020	76,720
Western European origins (except French origins)	25,605	12,315	13,285	286,985	141,285	145,705
Austrian	830	460	375	12,325	6,190	6,135
Bavarian	0	0	0	15	10	0
Belgian	565	255	305	21,510	10,495	11,020
Dutch	5,040	2,425	2,620	55,525	27,375	28,150
Flemish	100	45	50	965	445	515
Frisian	15	10	0	140	75	55
German	20,610	9,910	10,695	220,735	108,650	112,080
Luxembourger	0	0	10	155	65	90
Swiss	610	250	360	5,475	2,660	2,810
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	40	20	20	140	65	75
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	10,790	5,080	5,710	80,295	38,580	41,720
Danish	2,110	1,020	1,090	7,895	3,850	4,050
Finnish	615	330	285	4,000	1,905	2,095
Icelandic	880	440	440	31,090	15,265	15,825
Norwegian	4,905	2,195	2,710	19,600	9,145	10,455
Swedish	3,040	1,440	1,605	22,470	10,530	11,945
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	425	240	185	2,540	1,260	1,285
Eastern European origins	16,465	8,045	8,420	287,695	141,310	146,380
Bulgarian	25	15	10	330	190	145
Byelorussian	35	25	10	885	430	455
Czech	450	185	270	4,590	2,165	2,425
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	350	180	170	2,155	1,120	1,040
Estonian	115	45	65	190	80	115
Hungarian	1,440	675	760	10,120	4,990	5,125
Latvian	105	50	55	1,365	655	715
Lithuanian	110	50	60	1,455	750	705
Moldovan	30	10	15	325	170	160
Polish	3,780	1,850	1,925	88,090	42,670	45,420
Romanian	780	375	405	5,835	2,790	3,045
Russian	3,165	1,525	1,640	58,225	28,625	29,605
Slovak	135	55	80	2,190	1,055	1,135
Ukrainian	8,470	4,190	4,280	180,055	88,615	91,445
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	55	35	20	895	415	480
Southern European origins	4,265	2,030	2,235	59,915	29,445	30,470
Albanian	10	10	10	415	220	195
Bosnian	75	30	45	1,030	505	520
Catalan	0	0	0	15	0	15
Croatian	175	65	105	2,930	1,430	1,500
Cypriot	0	0	0	45	25	15
Greek	155	85	70	4,130	2,070	2,060
Italian	2,055	990	1,065	23,210	11,675	11,530
Kosovar	0	0	0	45	20	25
Macedonian	0	0	0	225	120	110
Maltese	35	20	15	360	165	195
Montenegrin	0	0	0	40	10	30
Portuguese	395	165	225	14,540	7,215	7,320
Serbian	140	65	80	1,240	660	580
Sicilian	10	10	0	235	110	125
Slovenian	30	20	15	1,005	485	520
Spanish	1,280	635	645	12,625	5,680	6,945
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	90	50	45	1,060	540	525
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	65	40	30
Other European origins	545	310	235	10,950	5,550	5,400
Basque	15	15	0	100	65	35
Jewish	155	65	90	8,455	4,250	4,200
Roma (Gypsy)	15	15	0	155	70	85
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	20	10	10	185	100	85
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	340	205	135	2,130	1,090	1,040
Caribbean origins	400	190	215	10,805	5,355	5,450
Antiguan	0	0	0	60	20	40
Bahamian	0	0	0	60	35	25
Barbadian	25	10	15	740	390	350
Bermudan	0	0	0	40	30	15
Carib	0	0	0	65	30	40
Cuban	50	25	20	340	155	190
Dominican	65	35	20	275	145	135
Grenadian	0	0	0	160	85	80
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	15	15	10	235	90	150
Jamaican	160	60	100	4,585	2,250	2,335
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	15	10	10	70	25	45
St. Lucian	15	0	10	30	20	15
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	45	30	25	2,395	1,240	1,160
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	190	90	105
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	15	10	15	1,465	705	760
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	15	0	10	665	360	305
Latin, Central and South American origins	2,025	1,060	970	23,115	11,555	11,565
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	60	45	15	650	330	320
Arawak	0	0	0	10	10	10
Argentinian	25	0	20	475	230	245
Belizean	0	0	0	200	105	100
Bolivian	15	10	0	300	160	140
Brazilian	40	10	25	830	375	455
Chilean	110	60	55	1,520	720	795
Colombian	385	175	205	1,400	680	715
Costa Rican	25	15	0	65	40	25
Ecuadorian	10	0	10	125	70	55
Guatemalan	95	65	35	505	240	260
Guyanese	45	20	25	1,485	770	715
Hispanic	85	45	40	425	210	220
Honduran	55	25	35	520	245	280
Maya	15	10	0	220	135	80
Mexican	310	140	170	8,790	4,440	4,350
Nicaraguan	50	35	10	370	200	170
Panamanian	0	0	0	50	10	40
Paraguayan	10	0	0	2,080	1,070	1,010
Peruvian	35	15	15	350	130	225
Salvadorean	610	335	275	2,735	1,425	1,315
Uruguayan	0	0	0	35	10	20
Venezuelan	30	15	10	240	95	150
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	115	75	45	1,045	525	520
African origins	2,040	1,025	1,015	28,860	14,980	13,885
Central and West African origins	545	280	260	8,665	4,585	4,085
Akan	0	0	0	35	10	25
Angolan	0	0	0	10	10	0
Ashanti	10	10	10	25	10	10
Beninese	0	0	0	55	45	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	20	10	10
Cameroonian	110	55	50	145	80	70
Chadian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Congolese	30	25	10	1,575	785	790
Edo	0	0	0	130	85	45
Ewe	0	0	0	15	10	10
Gabonese	0	0	0	25	20	10
Gambian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Ghanaian	50	30	25	380	220	170
Guinean	10	0	10	70	20	50
Ibo	90	45	55	435	205	225
Ivorian	0	0	0	120	45	75
Liberian	10	0	10	80	20	55
Malian	0	0	0	140	85	55
Malinké	0	0	0	35	20	10
Nigerian	250	130	120	3,860	2,130	1,735
Peulh	0	0	0	25	15	15
Senegalese	0	0	0	115	70	40
Sierra Leonean	10	0	0	320	155	165
Togolese	0	0	0	115	60	55
Wolof	0	0	0	25	10	15
Yoruba	15	0	10	1,050	540	510
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	30	15	15	545	260	285
North African origins	395	215	180	3,690	1,980	1,705
Algerian	30	10	20	100	35	60
Berber	35	25	10	150	90	55
Coptic	10	0	0	85	45	40
Dinka	45	30	20	30	25	10
Egyptian	85	45	40	1,335	720	620
Libyan	30	10	20	360	175	185
Maure	0	10	0	100	70	30
Moroccan	25	15	10	350	190	160
Sudanese	150	75	70	1,075	580	500
Tunisian	10	0	0	130	65	60
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	75	40	35
Southern and East African origins	575	270	300	10,500	5,420	5,080
Afrikaner	15	0	10	65	40	30
Amhara	10	0	0	140	100	45
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	150	90	65
Burundian	20	15	0	235	110	125
Djiboutian	0	0	0	45	30	15
Eritrean	45	15	30	2,300	1,240	1,055
Ethiopian	40	15	25	2,900	1,505	1,395
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	20	15	0	335	165	170
Malagasy	0	0	0	25	15	10
Mauritian	15	20	0	245	125	115
Oromo	0	0	0	325	185	140
Rwandan	10	10	0	300	145	155
Seychellois	0	0	0	45	20	30
Somali	115	55	65	1,740	900	845
South African	190	80	115	730	310	420
Tanzanian	30	15	20	90	55	30
Tigrian	0	0	0	320	200	120
Ugandan	0	0	0	255	125	130
Zambian	0	0	0	200	95	110
Zimbabwean	40	30	10	310	150	160
Zulu	0	0	0	30	15	10
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	40	20	20	440	230	210
Other African origins	565	270	295	6,670	3,350	3,325
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	80	40	40	825	405	415
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	495	235	260	5,925	2,965	2,965
Asian origins	11,980	5,765	6,215	178,655	88,885	89,765
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	1,125	585	535	11,850	6,130	5,715
Afghan	325	165	170	1,010	485	530
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	120	50	65	1,755	975	785
Armenian	10	10	0	495	250	250
Assyrian	0	0	0	40	30	10
Azerbaijani	10	0	10	55	35	20
Georgian	20	15	10	110	60	45
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	95	40	55	1,885	1,015	870
Iraqi	10	0	0	925	480	450
Israeli	20	15	0	775	410	360
Jordanian	0	0	0	235	100	135
Kazakh	25	10	20	335	185	145
Kurd	0	0	0	305	145	160
Kuwaiti	10	10	0	40	20	25
Kyrgyz	15	10	10	45	30	20
Lebanese	170	100	75	1,375	700	675
Palestinian	50	30	20	620	340	275
Pashtun	0	0	0	65	25	40
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	170	95	70
Syrian	205	105	95	1,115	535	580
Tajik	0	0	0	55	20	40
Tatar	0	0	0	310	155	155
Turk	35	25	10	655	315	340
Turkmen	0	0	0	10	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	10	10	0
Uzbek	15	10	10	70	45	20
Yemeni	10	0	0	100	45	55
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	25	10	15	305	145	155
South Asian origins	1,715	895	820	43,155	22,710	20,440
Bangladeshi	55	30	25	880	500	385
Bengali	0	0	0	200	115	85
Bhutanese	0	0	0	140	55	85
East Indian	1,205	615	585	34,470	18,110	16,355
Goan	0	0	0	50	30	30
Gujarati	0	0	0	220	120	100
Kashmiri	0	0	0	30	10	15
Nepali	10	0	10	500	250	250
Pakistani	240	125	115	3,370	1,795	1,575
Punjabi	75	35	45	3,830	1,995	1,840
Sinhalese	10	0	0	280	145	135
Sri Lankan	105	60	50	1,090	545	545
Tamil	0	0	0	245	145	105
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	65	50	20	725	415	305
East and Southeast Asian origins	9,115	4,290	4,825	124,100	60,175	63,925
Burmese	0	0	0	260	125	135
Cambodian (Khmer)	175	65	105	525	280	240
Chinese	1,980	940	1,040	30,150	14,980	15,170
Filipino	6,490	3,035	3,455	83,530	39,955	43,580
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	15	10	0	530	265	265
Japanese	210	85	125	2,675	1,305	1,365
Karen	0	0	0	455	195	255
Korean	275	135	140	4,545	2,300	2,240
Laotian	70	45	25	1,730	820	910
Malaysian	20	10	10	470	240	230
Mongolian	10	10	0	150	60	90
Singaporean	15	10	0	20	10	10
Taiwanese	0	0	0	150	90	60
Thai	70	20	45	750	335	420
Tibetan	0	0	0	15	10	10
Vietnamese	310	125	185	5,850	2,915	2,935
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	145	70	80
Other Asian origins	90	30	60	575	320	260
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	90	30	60	575	320	260
Oceania origins	340	120	225	1,525	740	785
Australian	175	65	110	910	415	495
New Zealander	80	15	65	315	170	140
Pacific Islands origins	90	40	50	345	180	165
Fijian	35	15	20	80	45	30
Hawaiian	0	0	0	60	30	30
Maori	25	0	20	55	30	25
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	95	45	45
Samoan	25	15	10	25	0	15
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	65	30	35
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	39,695	...	...	489,050	...	...
Owner	26,010	...	...	336,170	...	...
Renter	13,685	...	...	140,260	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	12,620	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	39,695	...	...	489,050	...	...
Condominium	5,660	...	...	33,325	...	...
Not condominium	34,035	...	...	455,725	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	39,695	...	...	489,050	...	...
No bedrooms	185	...	...	3,745	...	...
1 bedroom	4,025	...	...	63,040	...	...
2 bedrooms	9,075	...	...	121,520	...	...
3 bedrooms	12,090	...	...	175,500	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	14,325	...	...	125,240	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	39,695	...	...	489,050	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	9,920	...	...	132,410	...	...
5 rooms	6,060	...	...	82,935	...	...
6 rooms	5,335	...	...	78,750	...	...
7 rooms	5,430	...	...	64,560	...	...
8 or more rooms	12,950	...	...	130,400	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	39,695	...	...	489,050	...	...
One person or fewer per room	39,170	...	...	473,625	...	...
More than 1 person per room	520	...	...	15,420	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	39,695	...	...	489,050	...	...
Suitable	38,280	...	...	456,365	...	...
Not suitable	1,415	...	...	32,680	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	39,700	...	...	489,050	...	...
1960 or before	3,070	...	...	142,200	...	...
1961 to 1980	10,985	...	...	158,180	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,615	...	...	65,190	...	...
1991 to 2000	5,435	...	...	42,740	...	...
2001 to 2005	5,680	...	...	20,815	...	...
2006 to 2010	5,520	...	...	27,880	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	3,390	...	...	32,035	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	39,695	...	...	489,050	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	37,915	...	...	444,995	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,780	...	...	44,055	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	39,695	...	...	489,050	...	...
1 household maintainer	23,010	...	...	290,830	...	...
2 household maintainers	15,330	...	...	187,775	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	1,355	...	...	10,445	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	39,695	...	...	489,050	...	...
15 to 24 years	2,030	...	...	17,240	...	...
25 to 34 years	7,720	...	...	74,950	...	...
35 to 44 years	8,020	...	...	84,800	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,575	...	...	95,135	...	...
55 to 64 years	7,440	...	...	96,255	...	...
65 to 74 years	4,055	...	...	67,475	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,240	...	...	37,760	...	...
85 years and over	610	...	...	15,440	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	39,520	...	...	461,870	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	30,780	...	...	373,860	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	8,740	...	...	88,010	...	...
30% to less than 100%	7,715	...	...	76,075	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	26,010	...	...	324,120	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	65.9	...	...	60.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	13.7	...	...	11.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,462	...	...	973	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,434	...	...	1,085	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	348,411	...	...	275,473	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	368,262	...	...	297,444	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	13,685	...	...	138,905	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	10.4	...	...	19.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	38.2	...	...	36.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,143	...	...	868	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,182	...	...	891	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	79,190	39,025	40,165	1,001,305	491,580	509,725
No certificate, diploma or degree	13,990	7,545	6,450	220,390	116,570	103,820
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	24,905	12,500	12,405	296,355	147,040	149,320
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	40,290	18,980	21,310	484,555	227,975	256,585
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,905	6,820	2,090	77,000	54,090	22,910
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	2,515	1,450	1,065	37,490	21,985	15,500
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	6,395	5,365	1,025	39,515	32,110	7,410
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	16,415	5,900	10,515	177,620	72,785	104,840
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,035	770	1,260	28,940	12,075	16,860
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	12,935	5,490	7,445	200,990	89,020	111,970
Bachelor's degree	9,625	3,750	5,875	143,780	61,350	82,430
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	745	370	370	16,040	6,675	9,365
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	495	335	160	6,105	3,515	2,595
Master's degree	1,900	930	970	29,305	13,830	15,470
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	175	105	65	5,765	3,645	2,115
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	55,765	27,505	28,260	654,670	323,300	331,370
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,680	3,775	2,910	94,310	54,700	39,610
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	16,325	8,360	7,960	182,335	93,000	89,330
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	32,755	15,370	17,390	378,030	175,595	202,435
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,990	5,425	1,560	53,800	38,185	15,620
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	1,855	1,080	775	25,955	15,460	10,490
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	5,135	4,345	790	27,850	22,725	5,125
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	13,170	4,765	8,405	137,930	57,445	80,485
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,620	665	955	21,215	8,995	12,220
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	10,975	4,515	6,465	165,085	70,970	94,115
Bachelor's degree	8,215	3,175	5,040	119,150	50,120	69,035
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	605	280	325	12,185	4,840	7,350
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	430	280	155	5,075	2,705	2,370
Master's degree	1,605	720	890	24,410	10,815	13,595
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	120	65	55	4,270	2,495	1,770
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	79,190	39,025	40,160	1,001,305	491,585	509,725
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	38,895	20,045	18,855	516,750	263,605	253,140
Education	3,330	835	2,500	44,855	11,705	33,145
13. Education	3,335	835	2,500	44,855	11,710	33,145
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	985	465	525	13,170	6,230	6,940
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	205	150	55	2,415	1,860	550
50. Visual and performing arts	780	305	470	10,755	4,365	6,390
Humanities	1,210	530	675	23,030	9,915	13,110
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	90	25	65	1,775	400	1,380
23. English language and literature/letters	260	80	180	3,905	1,110	2,795
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	250	75	170	7,065	2,820	4,240
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	60	25	30
38. Philosophy and religious studies	75	35	40	1,590	940	650
39. Theology and religious vocations	375	215	155	4,510	2,590	1,925
54. History	130	80	40	3,410	1,855	1,555
55. French language and literature/letters	35	15	20	705	175	530
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,230	790	2,440	46,555	15,805	30,750
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	45	0	50	880	220	660
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	340	140	200	3,115	1,225	1,890
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	920	40	875	10,760	795	9,965
22. Legal professions and studies	575	155	420	7,130	2,365	4,760
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	45	10	35	955	305	650
42. Psychology	575	120	455	8,155	2,385	5,770
45. Social sciences	725	335	395	15,565	8,510	7,055
Business, management and public administration	7,605	2,315	5,290	95,115	34,865	60,255
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	15	320	105	210
44. Public administration and social service professions	645	120	525	7,670	1,875	5,790
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,940	2,195	4,745	87,125	32,875	54,250
Physical and life sciences and technologies	875	410	470	16,120	8,165	7,950
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	280	125	155	6,625	2,990	3,640
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	175	95	85	4,325	2,285	2,040
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	10	0	15	470	70	395
40. Physical sciences	210	105	105	3,685	2,585	1,095
41. Science technologies/technicians	190	90	105	1,020	240	780
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	985	570	410	18,425	11,380	7,050
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	845	530	315	15,225	10,050	5,175
25. Library science	45	0	50	1,140	175	965
27. Mathematics and statistics	90	40	50	1,945	1,080	865
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	120	75	40
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	10,475	9,665	805	96,625	89,275	7,350
04. Architecture and related services	180	105	70	2,420	1,380	1,040
14. Engineering	1,365	1,110	250	16,205	13,530	2,675
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,930	1,730	200	17,815	15,975	1,845
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,765	2,680	90	22,160	21,705	450
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,015	2,890	130	27,485	26,650	830
48. Precision production	1,225	1,155	70	10,530	10,030	505
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	910	600	310	14,540	10,260	4,275
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	645	420	230	11,380	8,280	3,100
03. Natural resources and conservation	265	180	80	3,160	1,980	1,180
Health and related fields	7,885	1,600	6,285	87,795	16,505	71,290
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	540	240	300	4,105	1,945	2,155
51. Health professions and related programs	7,260	1,295	5,965	81,865	13,450	68,415
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	85	65	25	1,825	1,110	715
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,805	1,205	1,600	28,275	13,845	14,435
12. Personal and culinary services	1,875	400	1,475	16,750	4,095	12,655
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	90	85	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	20	0	240	230	10
43. Security and protective services	360	250	110	5,005	3,680	1,330
49. Transportation and materials moving	550	525	15	6,185	5,750	435
Other	0	0	0	60	30	35
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	60	25	35
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	55,760	27,505	28,255	654,670	323,300	331,375
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	23,005	12,135	10,870	276,645	147,710	128,935
Education	2,500	550	1,955	31,645	7,860	23,785
13. Education	2,500	545	1,955	31,650	7,865	23,785
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	765	345	420	10,350	4,875	5,475
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	155	110	45	1,815	1,335	480
50. Visual and performing arts	610	235	375	8,540	3,545	4,990
Humanities	960	415	550	17,250	7,370	9,880
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	80	15	60	1,485	330	1,155
23. English language and literature/letters	205	60	145	2,930	810	2,120
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	195	60	130	5,420	2,245	3,180
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	55	30	30
38. Philosophy and religious studies	55	20	40	1,230	715	515
39. Theology and religious vocations	310	175	130	3,255	1,835	1,420
54. History	105	75	30	2,365	1,275	1,090
55. French language and literature/letters	15	10	0	505	135	370
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,725	620	2,110	38,120	12,380	25,740
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	40	0	45	740	185	555
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	310	130	180	2,575	965	1,610
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	780	20	760	8,805	605	8,195
22. Legal professions and studies	465	105	360	6,085	1,795	4,285
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	40	10	30	815	265	550
42. Psychology	455	70	385	6,370	1,720	4,645
45. Social sciences	630	285	340	12,730	6,835	5,895
Business, management and public administration	6,390	1,955	4,435	76,370	27,865	48,495
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	10	270	95	175
44. Public administration and social service professions	545	85	455	6,145	1,335	4,810
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,835	1,865	3,965	69,950	26,440	43,510
Physical and life sciences and technologies	725	325	405	12,195	5,930	6,270
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	215	90	130	5,290	2,265	3,025
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	145	75	75	3,005	1,595	1,405
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	15	0	10	405	65	345
40. Physical sciences	185	85	100	2,805	1,855	950
41. Science technologies/technicians	170	75	90	690	150	545
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	875	510	365	15,955	9,965	5,985
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	775	490	285	13,600	9,015	4,585
25. Library science	40	0	40	790	135	650
27. Mathematics and statistics	65	25	40	1,465	760	700
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	100	60	45
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	8,600	7,875	725	73,680	67,440	6,240
04. Architecture and related services	145	85	65	2,025	1,160	865
14. Engineering	1,220	985	230	13,705	11,305	2,405
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,590	1,430	170	13,840	12,265	1,575
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,265	2,185	75	16,060	15,690	365
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,375	2,255	120	20,395	19,765	625
48. Precision production	995	930	60	7,655	7,250	405
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	740	450	285	11,450	7,800	3,645
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	515	300	215	8,760	6,170	2,590
03. Natural resources and conservation	220	150	70	2,695	1,635	1,060
Health and related fields	6,240	1,310	4,935	69,600	13,415	56,185
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	430	185	240	3,310	1,585	1,715
51. Health professions and related programs	5,740	1,070	4,670	64,870	11,020	53,850
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	70	50	20	1,430	810	620
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,225	1,015	1,215	21,365	10,660	10,705
12. Personal and culinary services	1,415	315	1,105	12,255	2,980	9,275
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	10	0	90	85	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	110	105	0
43. Security and protective services	300	205	95	4,025	2,945	1,080
49. Transportation and materials moving	485	475	15	4,885	4,545	340
Other	0	0	0	50	30	25
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	50	25	25
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	79,190	39,030	40,165	1,001,305	491,585	509,725
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	38,900	20,045	18,855	516,750	263,610	253,145
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	40,290	18,985	21,315	484,555	227,975	256,585
Location of study inside Canada	34,100	16,030	18,070	403,775	188,230	215,540
Same as province or territory of residence	26,045	12,060	13,985	352,390	162,050	190,340
Different than province or territory of residence	8,055	3,965	4,085	51,385	26,185	25,200
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	6,195	2,950	3,240	80,785	39,745	41,040
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	740	460	280	9,155	4,910	4,245
Philippines	2,535	950	1,585	26,450	11,595	14,860
India	340	190	145	10,365	5,300	5,070
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	385	210	180	4,180	2,350	1,825
China^{Census data footnote 162}	105	55	55	2,865	1,330	1,535
France	20	10	10	395	235	165
Other	2,060	1,075	985	27,375	14,030	13,345
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	55,765	27,505	28,260	654,670	323,300	331,375
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	23,005	12,135	10,865	276,640	147,705	128,935
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	32,760	15,370	17,385	378,035	175,595	202,440
Location of study inside Canada	27,235	12,805	14,430	309,655	142,710	166,950
Same as province or territory of residence	20,735	9,655	11,075	270,435	123,090	147,340
Different than province or territory of residence	6,500	3,145	3,355	39,225	19,615	19,610
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	5,520	2,565	2,955	68,375	32,885	35,485
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	550	345	205	6,215	3,005	3,210
Philippines	2,410	905	1,505	24,495	10,775	13,720
India	325	185	135	9,430	4,770	4,660
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	250	120	125	2,465	1,385	1,080
China^{Census data footnote 162}	95	45	45	2,630	1,210	1,420
France	20	10	10	340	195	145
Other	1,875	950	925	22,805	11,555	11,255
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	79,190	39,025	40,160	1,001,305	491,580	509,725
In the labour force	57,530	30,330	27,195	662,155	347,685	314,465
Employed	51,655	26,525	25,135	617,465	322,130	295,335
Unemployed	5,870	3,805	2,065	44,690	25,560	19,130
Not in the labour force	21,660	8,690	12,965	339,155	143,895	195,260
Participation rate	72.6	77.7	67.7	66.1	70.7	61.7
Employment rate	65.2	68.0	62.6	61.7	65.5	57.9
Unemployment rate	10.2	12.5	7.6	6.7	7.4	6.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	79,190	39,025	40,165	1,001,310	491,585	509,725
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	19,225	7,590	11,635	312,495	131,600	180,900
Worked	59,965	31,435	28,525	688,810	359,980	328,830
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	28,110	15,925	12,190	358,800	206,460	152,330
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	31,850	15,505	16,340	330,010	153,520	176,495
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.9	42.3	41.5	42.9	43.5	42.3
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	57,530	30,330	27,195	662,155	347,685	314,465
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	990	485	500	12,625	6,125	6,505
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	56,540	29,845	26,695	649,530	341,560	307,965
Employee	50,950	26,410	24,540	580,885	296,560	284,325
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	5,585	3,435	2,155	68,645	45,000	23,640
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	57,530	30,335	27,200	662,155	347,690	314,470
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	990	490	500	12,625	6,125	6,505
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	56,540	29,845	26,695	649,525	341,565	307,965
0 Management occupations	5,080	3,175	1,905	71,455	45,945	25,510
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,730	1,880	5,850	96,050	27,530	68,515
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,045	2,385	655	34,135	26,895	7,240
3 Health occupations	4,620	940	3,685	52,280	10,830	41,450
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,800	1,610	4,190	86,055	27,425	58,630
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,015	395	615	14,355	6,025	8,325
6 Sales and service occupations	14,010	5,730	8,275	144,490	62,735	81,760
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	10,175	9,420	760	102,660	97,500	5,160
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,400	2,225	175	18,400	14,490	3,910
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,675	2,090	585	29,650	22,180	7,475
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	57,530	30,330	27,200	662,155	347,685	314,465
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	990	490	500	12,625	6,120	6,500
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	56,545	29,845	26,695	649,525	341,560	307,965
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	525	345	180	28,680	20,765	7,920
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	4,040	3,480	560	5,460	4,830	635
22 Utilities	225	185	35	7,390	5,625	1,765
23 Construction	5,700	4,860	840	49,575	43,990	5,585
31-33 Manufacturing	4,315	3,180	1,135	54,645	40,800	13,845
41 Wholesale trade	1,760	1,365	390	21,890	16,040	5,850
44-45 Retail trade	7,565	3,385	4,180	69,700	33,960	35,740
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,785	1,360	425	35,490	28,350	7,145
51 Information and cultural industries	600	345	255	10,875	6,085	4,790
52 Finance and insurance	1,510	460	1,050	25,885	9,615	16,270
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,035	555	475	8,235	4,565	3,670
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,970	1,695	1,280	28,470	14,790	13,680
55 Management of companies and enterprises	55	25	35	635	250	380
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,935	1,095	840	22,285	13,105	9,170
61 Educational services	3,340	825	2,510	55,025	17,480	37,540
62 Health care and social assistance	7,385	1,305	6,080	93,960	18,345	75,615
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,035	550	480	12,980	6,620	6,360
72 Accommodation and food services	4,910	1,925	2,980	43,655	17,430	26,230
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,960	1,435	1,525	28,055	13,740	14,315
91 Public administration	2,890	1,455	1,435	46,645	25,180	21,465
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	51,660	26,525	25,130	617,465	322,125	295,335
Worked at home	2,335	900	1,435	42,530	23,485	19,050
Worked outside Canada	145	115	30	1,935	1,305	630
No fixed workplace address	7,655	5,870	1,785	68,420	52,715	15,710
Worked at usual place	41,520	19,640	21,875	504,580	244,620	259,960
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	41,520	19,640	21,880	504,580	244,620	259,960
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	31,635	13,400	18,230	384,465	181,650	202,820
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	8,205	4,980	3,225	50,350	23,760	26,580
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,530	1,185	350	66,495	37,055	29,435
Commute to a different province or territory	155	85	70	3,275	2,150	1,120
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	49,175	25,510	23,665	573,005	297,335	275,665
Car, truck, van - as a driver	41,070	21,765	19,305	431,755	237,860	193,895
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	2,680	1,175	1,510	40,595	14,520	26,070
Public transit	2,235	925	1,310	53,740	21,780	31,955
Walked	1,925	790	1,135	32,330	13,815	18,520
Bicycle	465	330	130	8,175	5,670	2,505
Other method	800	530	270	6,410	3,695	2,715
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	49,175	25,515	23,665	573,000	297,340	275,665
Less than 15 minutes	20,605	9,205	11,400	185,120	87,795	97,320
15 to 29 minutes	20,610	10,865	9,745	208,570	108,680	99,890
30 to 44 minutes	4,655	3,030	1,620	115,090	63,555	51,535
45 to 59 minutes	1,210	755	455	36,755	20,485	16,270
60 minutes and over	2,095	1,655	440	27,470	16,820	10,650
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	49,175	25,510	23,665	573,000	297,335	275,665
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,690	2,665	1,025	28,060	20,145	7,915
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	8,355	5,690	2,665	104,545	65,630	38,925
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	15,175	8,150	7,025	168,760	90,125	78,630
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	9,270	3,480	5,785	126,090	50,885	75,200
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,650	1,795	2,855	53,120	22,305	30,810
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	8,035	3,730	4,310	92,430	48,240	44,190
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	61,720	32,295	29,420	710,830	370,255	340,575
Single responses	61,425	32,165	29,260	702,445	366,000	336,445
Official languages	61,220	32,050	29,170	694,855	361,770	333,090
English	61,060	32,000	29,065	688,400	359,660	328,730
French	155	50	105	6,455	2,100	4,355
Non-official languages	205	115	90	7,590	4,235	3,360
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	1,815	1,025	800
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	1,755	990	755
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	985	565	420
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	980	565	415
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	770	430	335
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	230	125	110
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	535	310	230
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	55	25	30
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	60	25	30
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	55	30	30
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	10
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	10	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	205	110	90	5,770	3,215	2,560
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	300	155	145
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	30	10	20
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	30	10	20
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	270	145	125
Amharic	0	0	0	15	0	10
Arabic	0	0	0	105	70	40
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	115	50	65
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	35	25	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	140	35	100
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	140	35	100
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	40	15	25	485	245	240
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	10	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	10	10	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	40	20	15	470	235	240
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	0	0	10	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	75	30	40	3,115	1,865	1,255
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	480	245	235
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	480	245	235
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	65	50	20
Russian	0	0	0	280	145	135
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	110	40	70
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	1,300	790	505
Afrikaans	0	0	0	10	10	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	40	10	30
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	950	585	370
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Swedish	0	0	0	0	10	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	290	185	105
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	0	0	755	505	260
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	685	455	225
Bengali	0	0	0	20	0	15
Gujarati	0	0	0	10	10	10
Hindi	0	0	0	40	40	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	10	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	10	0	605	400	210
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	10	0	10
Iranian languages	0	0	0	75	45	30
Kurdish	0	0	0	10	10	10
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	65	45	20
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	60	25	35	580	330	245
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Portuguese	10	0	10	330	215	115
Romanian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Spanish	60	25	30	220	100	125
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	10	0	305	150	150
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	15	15	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	10	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	10	0	210	80	135
American Sign Language	0	0	0	155	65	95
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	10	0	0	55	15	45
Sino-Tibetan languages	80	60	20	1,170	650	515
Chinese languages	80	55	20	1,160	650	515
Cantonese	65	40	20	690	380	315
Hakka	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	10	0	440	255	185
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	10	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	10	10	10
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	15	0	10
Lao	0	0	0	10	0	10
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	290	130	160	8,390	4,255	4,125
English and French	100	55	40	2,655	1,150	1,505
English and non-official language	195	80	115	5,680	3,085	2,590
French and non-official language	0	0	0	10	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	45	20	30
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	61,715	32,295	29,425	710,835	370,255	340,575
None	59,835	31,380	28,455	662,595	346,710	315,885
English	225	85	145	8,550	3,690	4,855
French	420	195	225	13,320	5,825	7,495
Non-official language	1,205	615	590	25,960	13,815	12,145
Aboriginal	30	0	20	6,500	3,245	3,255
Non-Aboriginal	1,180	610	570	19,460	10,575	8,890
English and French	0	0	0	10	0	10
English and non-official language	0	0	0	65	45	20
French and non-official language	30	20	10	335	160	175
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	10	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	96,560	47,945	48,610	1,225,480	606,585	618,895
Non-movers	78,750	39,250	39,500	1,064,380	527,020	537,360
Movers	17,810	8,700	9,110	161,100	79,570	81,535
Non-migrants	12,330	6,140	6,190	105,090	52,025	53,065
Migrants	5,480	2,555	2,920	56,010	27,545	28,465
Internal migrants	4,745	2,220	2,530	41,305	20,285	21,020
Intraprovincial migrants	3,735	1,740	1,995	30,395	14,720	15,675
Interprovincial migrants	1,010	485	530	10,915	5,565	5,345
External migrants	730	335	395	14,705	7,260	7,445
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	91,600	45,445	46,155	1,161,240	573,310	587,930
Non-movers	44,985	22,325	22,665	718,640	355,585	363,050
Movers	46,615	23,120	23,495	442,600	217,725	224,875
Non-migrants	25,745	13,010	12,730	261,015	128,560	132,455
Migrants	20,870	10,105	10,765	181,585	89,165	92,420
Internal migrants	16,465	7,995	8,465	117,135	56,880	60,260
Intraprovincial migrants	10,795	5,170	5,625	86,295	41,295	45,000
Interprovincial migrants	5,665	2,830	2,840	30,840	15,580	15,260
External migrants	4,405	2,110	2,295	64,445	32,285	32,165

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 40 referrer

Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 41 referrer

Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 42 referrer

Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Red Deer [Population centre], Alberta and Manitoba [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 8, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Red Deer [Population centre], Alberta and Manitoba [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Red Deer [Population centre], Alberta and Manitoba [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Red Deer [Population centre], Alberta and Manitoba [Province]