Census Profile, 2016 Census
Toronto [Population centre], Ontario and Manitoba [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Toronto Ontario [Population centre]			Manitoba [Province]
	Data quality , Toronto [Population centre], Ontario Map : Toronto [Population centre], Ontario Change geography 1			Data quality : Manitoba [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	5,429,524	...	...	1,278,365	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	5,144,412 ^r	...	...	1,208,268	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	5.5	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	2,059,207	...	...	539,748	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	1,967,380	...	...	489,050	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	3,028.2	...	...	2.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	1,792.99	...	...	552,370.99	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	5,429,540	2,630,030	2,799,510	1,278,365	631,400	646,970
0 to 14 years	886,880	455,160	431,725	243,820	125,110	118,710
0 to 4 years	279,435	143,100	136,330	81,065	41,710	39,355
5 to 9 years	303,845	155,985	147,855	83,375	42,565	40,805
10 to 14 years	303,605	156,065	147,540	79,380	40,835	38,545
15 to 64 years	3,752,140	1,824,300	1,927,840	835,580	417,260	418,320
15 to 19 years	333,875	171,965	161,915	82,440	42,555	39,890
20 to 24 years	383,245	195,315	187,930	86,760	44,465	42,295
25 to 29 years	398,310	196,715	201,595	86,695	43,570	43,125
30 to 34 years	388,955	187,000	201,955	85,185	42,210	42,975
35 to 39 years	371,100	174,030	197,075	81,105	39,885	41,215
40 to 44 years	377,095	177,105	199,985	79,325	39,530	39,795
45 to 49 years	401,610	191,170	210,440	79,350	39,220	40,130
50 to 54 years	419,655	204,850	214,810	89,840	44,485	45,355
55 to 59 years	372,655	180,855	191,795	87,765	43,555	44,210
60 to 64 years	305,640	145,295	160,345	77,110	37,780	39,325
65 years and over	790,515	350,565	439,945	198,965	89,025	109,945
65 to 69 years	257,495	121,000	136,495	64,905	31,280	33,625
70 to 74 years	180,655	83,640	97,015	45,980	21,940	24,040
75 to 79 years	140,090	62,395	77,705	33,555	15,250	18,305
80 to 84 years	104,975	45,295	59,685	25,315	10,740	14,575
85 years and over	107,290	38,240	69,050	29,210	9,810	19,395
85 to 89 years	67,280	26,150	41,130	17,335	6,460	10,875
90 to 94 years	31,290	9,890	21,400	8,945	2,710	6,230
95 to 99 years	7,520	1,985	5,540	2,520	580	1,940
100 years and over	1,195	220	980	415	60	350
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.3	17.3	15.4	19.1	19.8	18.3
15 to 64 years	69.1	69.4	68.9	65.4	66.1	64.7
65 years and over	14.6	13.3	15.7	15.6	14.1	17.0
85 years and over	2.0	1.5	2.5	2.3	1.6	3.0
Average age of the population	39.8	38.7	40.7	39.2	38.2	40.2
Median age of the population	39.4	38.1	40.4	38.3	37.2	39.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	1,967,380	...	...	489,050	...	...
Single-detached house	721,585	...	...	331,420	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	622,945	...	...	39,080	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	622,360	...	...	108,120	...	...
Semi-detached house	148,745	...	...	15,865	...	...
Row house	178,590	...	...	17,225	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	85,880	...	...	7,065	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	205,820	...	...	67,205	...	...
Other single-attached house	3,320	...	...	755	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	495	...	...	10,435	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	1,967,380	...	...	489,050	...	...
1 person	492,315	...	...	135,500	...	...
2 persons	547,370	...	...	164,880	...	...
3 persons	343,060	...	...	71,065	...	...
4 persons	340,325	...	...	66,675	...	...
5 or more persons	244,310	...	...	50,930	...	...
Number of persons in private households	5,370,520	...	...	1,240,700	...	...
Average household size	2.7	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	4,542,655	2,174,870	2,367,785	1,034,545	506,280	528,260
Married or living common law	2,503,410	1,251,495	1,251,915	593,615	297,280	296,335
Married	2,243,340	1,119,090	1,124,250	503,390	252,210	251,175
Living common law	260,075	132,405	127,665	90,230	45,075	45,155
Not married and not living common law	2,039,245	923,375	1,115,870	440,925	209,000	231,930
Never married	1,439,665	744,990	694,675	300,415	162,440	137,980
Separated	119,725	46,900	72,830	24,845	11,080	13,765
Divorced	253,000	90,060	162,945	54,860	22,780	32,080
Widowed	226,850	41,430	185,420	60,805	12,700	48,100
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	1,481,755	...	...	346,160	...	...
2 persons	623,865	...	...	171,435	...	...
3 persons	365,285	...	...	71,630	...	...
4 persons	353,935	...	...	65,500	...	...
5 or more persons	138,675	...	...	37,600	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	1,481,755	...	...	346,160	...	...
Total couple families	1,208,530	...	...	287,200	...	...
Married couples	1,078,590	...	...	242,100	...	...
Common-law couples	129,945	...	...	45,100	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	273,230	...	...	58,960	...	...
Female parent	227,295	...	...	45,930	...	...
Male parent	45,930	...	...	13,025	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	1,208,530	...	...	287,205	...	...
Couples without children	461,640	...	...	137,135	...	...
Couples with children	746,890	...	...	150,070	...	...
1 child	286,260	...	...	55,730	...	...
2 children	330,465	...	...	59,965	...	...
3 or more children	130,170	...	...	34,375	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	273,225	...	...	58,960	...	...
1 child	162,225	...	...	34,305	...	...
2 children	79,025	...	...	15,895	...	...
3 or more children	31,980	...	...	8,765	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	875,705	394,065	481,640	212,415	104,435	107,980
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	1,967,380	...	...	489,050	...	...
One-census-family households	1,299,140	...	...	323,125	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	391,905	...	...	130,475	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	907,235	...	...	192,650	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	87,660	...	...	11,110	...	...
Non-census-family households	580,575	...	...	154,815	...	...
One-person households	492,310	...	...	135,495	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	88,265	...	...	19,315	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	5,389,435	2,613,915	2,775,520	1,261,620	624,095	637,520
English only	4,700,275	2,324,460	2,375,810	1,135,395	566,980	568,410
French only	4,635	1,940	2,695	1,485	680	800
English and French	431,595	187,195	244,400	108,460	49,205	59,255
Neither English nor French	252,930	100,320	152,610	16,285	7,235	9,050
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	5,389,435	2,613,915	2,775,520	1,261,620	624,100	637,520
English	5,023,255	2,461,895	2,561,360	1,203,025	596,475	606,550
French	66,870	30,880	35,990	39,200	18,880	20,325
English and French	49,885	22,535	27,355	3,545	1,755	1,790
Neither English nor French	249,425	98,610	150,810	15,840	6,985	8,860
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	91,815	42,145	49,670	40,975	19,760	21,215
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.7	1.6	1.8	3.2	3.2	3.3
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	5,389,435	2,613,915	2,775,520	1,261,620	624,095	637,520
Single responses	5,163,885	2,504,960	2,658,915	1,230,115	608,820	621,300
Official languages	2,749,615	1,362,280	1,387,335	941,130	468,430	472,705
English	2,690,050	1,334,640	1,355,410	900,610	448,960	451,645
French	59,565	27,640	31,930	40,520	19,465	21,055
Non-official languages	2,414,265	1,142,680	1,271,580	288,985	140,395	148,590
Aboriginal languages	530	235	295	29,710	14,265	15,440
Algonquian languages	365	160	200	28,070	13,505	14,565
Blackfoot	10	5	0	5	0	5
Cree-Montagnais languages	100	35	65	14,820	7,085	7,740
Atikamekw	5	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Moose Cree	10	5	5	0	0	5
Naskapi	5	0	5	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	5	0	0	30	5	20
Plains Cree	5	0	5	70	25	40
Southern East Cree	0	0	5	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	25	5	15	745	305	440
Woods Cree	5	5	0	65	20	40
Cree, n.o.s.	50	15	35	13,915	6,725	7,195
Eastern Algonquian languages	30	10	15	10	5	5
Malecite	0	0	0	0	5	0
Mi'kmaq	25	10	15	10	5	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	225	105	120	13,235	6,410	6,825
Algonquin	5	0	5	0	0	0
Ojibway	195	95	100	6,730	3,180	3,550
Oji-Cree	10	5	5	6,505	3,235	3,265
Ottawa (Odawa)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	25	10	15	815	375	445
Northern Athabaskan languages	20	5	10	815	380	440
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	5	5	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	5	5	0	810	375	435
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	5	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	10	5	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	5	0	5
Haida	5	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	35	15	25	80	20	60
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Inuktitut	30	15	20	65	20	45
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	15	5	10
Iroquoian languages	20	5	15	0	0	5
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	15	5	10	5	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	5	0	5	80	40	40
Salish languages	0	5	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	5	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	5
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	5	0	630	305	330
Dakota	0	0	0	630	305	325
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	5	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	75	40	40	15	10	5
Non-Aboriginal languages	2,413,740	1,142,445	1,271,290	259,280	126,130	133,155
Afro-Asiatic languages	134,720	67,180	67,540	10,700	5,580	5,120
Berber languages	210	120	85	40	25	15
Kabyle	100	50	45	35	15	10
Berber languages, n.i.e.	110	70	40	10	10	5
Cushitic languages	14,355	6,170	8,185	1,750	875	875
Bilen	75	45	35	155	85	70
Oromo	1,000	490	515	345	175	170
Somali	13,210	5,605	7,610	1,245	610	640
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	60	35	25	10	10	0
Semitic languages	119,800	60,705	59,100	8,840	4,640	4,200
Amharic	7,410	3,350	4,060	1,770	885	885
Arabic	81,030	41,680	39,345	4,695	2,500	2,190
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	9,715	4,745	4,970	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	1,760	880	875	0	0	0
Harari	925	440	485	0	0	0
Hebrew	10,220	5,460	4,760	545	320	225
Maltese	3,225	1,585	1,640	40	20	25
Tigrigna	4,690	2,145	2,545	1,770	905	865
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	835	415	415	10	5	5
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	355	185	170	65	35	30
Austro-Asiatic languages	49,620	22,650	26,970	4,180	1,970	2,205
Khmer (Cambodian)	2,850	1,285	1,570	280	135	145
Vietnamese	46,705	21,345	25,365	3,895	1,840	2,060
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	60	25	40	5	0	0
Austronesian languages	156,930	62,290	94,640	52,905	24,685	28,220
Bikol	455	200	255	175	80	95
Cebuano	4,960	1,980	2,980	1,245	565	675
Fijian	55	25	25	35	15	15
Hiligaynon	2,260	865	1,390	390	170	220
Ilocano	9,290	3,630	5,660	1,365	630	730
Malagasy	25	10	15	0	0	5
Malay	4,235	1,910	2,325	175	65	105
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	1,245	560	685	655	315	340
Pangasinan	455	185	270	135	65	70
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	132,655	52,415	80,230	48,530	22,670	25,855
Waray-Waray	310	100	205	50	30	25
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	995	400	595	150	70	85
Creole languages	5,370	2,505	2,870	570	275	305
Haitian Creole	200	95	105	20	10	10
Creole, n.o.s.	3,300	1,555	1,750	290	140	145
Creole languages, n.i.e.	1,870	850	1,015	265	120	145
Dravidian languages	128,815	63,390	65,420	1,565	825	735
Kannada	1,955	980	975	95	50	40
Malayalam	12,100	6,220	5,880	790	410	380
Tamil	105,815	51,355	54,455	480	255	230
Telugu	8,680	4,710	3,970	195	115	80
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	265	125	135	10	0	5
Hmong-Mien languages	25	10	15	5	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,297,780	627,740	670,040	158,350	77,605	80,750
Albanian	12,905	6,435	6,470	350	170	180
Armenian	12,190	5,880	6,310	65	35	30
Balto-Slavic languages	247,160	113,045	134,115	34,450	15,845	18,605
Baltic languages	5,180	2,060	3,120	165	65	95
Latvian	2,130	855	1,280	80	35	45
Lithuanian	3,045	1,210	1,840	85	35	45
Slavic languages	241,985	110,985	131,000	34,280	15,775	18,510
Belarusan	350	165	185	40	20	25
Bosnian	2,655	1,285	1,365	575	285	290
Bulgarian	6,735	3,245	3,490	140	70	65
Croatian	14,560	6,925	7,640	1,030	505	530
Czech	4,455	2,075	2,380	615	310	310
Macedonian	11,265	5,345	5,920	145	70	75
Polish	64,390	29,060	35,330	6,455	2,905	3,545
Russian	80,190	36,365	43,825	9,130	4,495	4,640
Serbian	20,780	10,105	10,675	655	335	320
Serbo-Croatian	2,355	1,100	1,255	240	110	130
Slovak	4,910	2,285	2,625	405	175	225
Slovene (Slovenian)	3,385	1,465	1,915	270	130	140
Ukrainian	25,480	11,325	14,155	14,505	6,325	8,180
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	465	240	230	75	40	30
Celtic languages	410	190	220	115	60	55
Scottish Gaelic	150	65	80	50	25	20
Welsh	125	50	75	60	30	30
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	135	70	60	10	10	0
Germanic languages	39,530	17,780	21,745	68,670	33,310	35,360
Afrikaans	885	430	455	420	220	205
Danish	1,270	565	705	280	145	135
Dutch	6,765	3,165	3,600	2,675	1,335	1,335
Frisian	100	45	55	55	30	25
German	25,400	11,270	14,130	63,825	30,940	32,890
Icelandic	85	40	40	475	210	260
Norwegian	345	155	190	115	45	65
Swedish	1,045	445	595	135	70	70
Vlaams (Flemish)	250	90	155	310	125	180
Yiddish	3,335	1,545	1,795	355	175	180
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	25	10	10
Greek	39,575	19,195	20,380	1,285	665	615
Indo-Iranian languages	567,140	285,560	281,580	32,325	17,135	15,195
Indo-Aryan languages	456,675	230,085	226,585	29,520	15,700	13,820
Bengali	37,850	19,030	18,815	1,170	675	495
Gujarati	62,495	31,320	31,175	3,115	1,660	1,455
Hindi	46,605	23,420	23,190	2,270	1,215	1,060
Kashmiri	260	135	125	5	5	5
Konkani	2,105	995	1,110	35	20	15
Marathi	4,350	2,215	2,140	135	80	50
Nepali	4,605	2,315	2,290	720	355	365
Oriya (Odia)	570	310	265	10	5	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	165,565	84,145	81,415	18,320	9,650	8,670
Sindhi	5,585	2,605	2,980	60	30	30
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	7,580	3,660	3,920	670	345	320
Urdu	119,105	59,940	59,165	3,015	1,655	1,355
Iranian languages	108,615	54,495	54,125	2,705	1,365	1,335
Kurdish	2,710	1,515	1,195	415	210	200
Pashto	7,425	3,820	3,605	275	130	150
Persian (Farsi)	98,475	49,155	49,325	2,020	1,030	990
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	1,850	980	865	100	60	40
Italic (Romance) languages	378,865	179,655	199,210	21,100	10,385	10,710
Catalan	160	85	75	0	0	5
Italian	137,515	65,390	72,125	3,840	1,910	1,930
Portuguese	97,295	46,505	50,790	6,585	3,190	3,390
Romanian	23,740	11,070	12,670	645	310	335
Spanish	119,935	56,500	63,440	10,005	4,965	5,040
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	220	100	120	15	5	10
Japanese	9,440	3,285	6,150	540	185	350
Kartvelian languages	1,100	590	510	15	10	10
Georgian	1,100	590	510	15	5	5
Korean	53,940	24,750	29,190	3,760	1,810	1,950
Mongolic languages	345	160	190	20	5	15
Mongolian	345	155	190	20	5	15
Niger-Congo languages	23,670	11,085	12,580	3,895	1,965	1,930
Akan (Twi)	8,365	3,850	4,515	150	90	65
Bamanankan	55	25	30	75	25	45
Edo	1,015	410	605	40	20	15
Ewe	360	180	180	30	20	10
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	220	115	105	65	35	30
Ga	430	195	235	15	10	5
Ganda	500	240	265	50	20	30
Igbo	1,495	765	735	280	155	130
Lingala	375	175	195	75	30	40
Rundi (Kirundi)	350	165	185	135	60	65
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	375	165	205	250	125	120
Shona	655	305	340	110	50	60
Swahili	3,160	1,475	1,690	870	420	455
Wolof	160	85	75	75	50	25
Yoruba	3,265	1,650	1,610	1,030	525	505
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	2,885	1,285	1,600	640	315	325
Nilo-Saharan languages	340	185	155	395	215	180
Dinka	45	25	15	175	90	80
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	295	160	135	225	125	100
Sign languages	1,060	585	485	440	230	210
American Sign Language	360	195	165	240	125	115
Quebec Sign Language	5	0	5	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	700	385	315	195	100	95
Sino-Tibetan languages	507,190	235,560	271,630	18,880	9,320	9,565
Chinese languages	500,745	232,420	268,320	18,305	9,025	9,280
Cantonese	242,915	112,790	130,125	6,625	3,140	3,485
Hakka	6,385	2,865	3,525	55	30	25
Mandarin	223,015	103,800	119,215	10,170	5,110	5,060
Min Dong	760	365	395	5	5	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	11,360	5,250	6,115	325	150	165
Wu (Shanghainese)	5,220	2,345	2,875	110	55	50
Chinese, n.o.s.	10,895	4,915	5,980	1,010	530	475
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	190	95	95	5	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	6,445	3,140	3,305	575	295	285
Burmese	995	445	550	85	50	30
Karenic languages	270	130	140	430	215	220
Tibetan	4,855	2,395	2,460	10	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	330	170	160	55	20	35
Tai-Kadai languages	3,660	1,495	2,175	1,120	525	595
Lao	2,090	1,010	1,075	875	445	430
Thai	1,555	475	1,080	240	85	165
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	20	5	15	5	0	0
Turkic languages	16,295	8,475	7,810	340	190	150
Azerbaijani	1,590	855	740	30	20	15
Turkish	13,345	6,965	6,375	210	120	95
Uyghur	370	185	190	10	5	10
Uzbek	580	295	290	40	25	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	400	180	220	40	25	20
Uralic languages	22,500	10,030	12,465	1,440	655	790
Estonian	2,505	1,025	1,485	30	10	15
Finnish	2,135	845	1,290	225	85	135
Hungarian	17,855	8,160	9,690	1,185	550	635
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	935	480	455	155	85	70
Multiple responses	225,555	108,955	116,600	31,505	15,280	16,220
English and French	13,775	6,385	7,395	4,365	2,140	2,230
English and non-official language	199,835	97,180	102,650	25,965	12,530	13,440
French and non-official language	5,810	2,620	3,185	695	380	315
English, French and non-official language	6,135	2,770	3,370	470	230	245
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	5,389,430	2,613,915	2,775,520	1,261,620	624,100	637,520
Single responses	4,852,000	2,355,300	2,496,695	1,197,145	593,020	604,120
Official languages	3,440,400	1,687,780	1,752,620	1,052,345	521,280	531,065
English	3,412,630	1,674,945	1,737,680	1,035,475	513,465	522,010
French	27,770	12,830	14,940	16,865	7,815	9,055
Non-official languages	1,411,600	667,525	744,070	144,800	71,740	73,060
Aboriginal languages	155	75	75	15,770	8,020	7,750
Algonquian languages	75	40	35	15,070	7,675	7,390
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	25	15	10	7,570	3,860	3,715
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	5	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	10	5	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	10	5	5
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	120	45	75
Woods Cree	0	0	0	15	10	5
Cree, n.o.s.	15	5	10	7,415	3,790	3,620
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	5	0	5	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	45	20	20	7,495	3,820	3,675
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	35	20	15	2,505	1,280	1,225
Oji-Cree	5	0	5	4,990	2,545	2,455
Ottawa (Odawa)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	15	10	10	635	305	330
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	10	10	635	305	330
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	5	0	5	630	305	330
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	5	5	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	10	5	5	15	5	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	10	10	0	10	5	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	5	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	10	5	10
Salish languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	35	25	10
Dakota	0	0	0	35	25	10
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	50	25	25	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,411,445	667,445	743,995	129,035	63,725	65,310
Afro-Asiatic languages	71,690	34,320	37,370	6,875	3,475	3,400
Berber languages	60	30	25	20	15	5
Kabyle	30	15	15	15	10	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	35	15	15	0	5	5
Cushitic languages	8,365	3,525	4,840	1,185	550	630
Bilen	40	20	25	120	65	55
Oromo	545	255	295	210	95	115
Somali	7,750	3,240	4,510	845	385	460
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	30	10	15	5	10	0
Semitic languages	63,080	30,675	32,405	5,650	2,895	2,750
Amharic	3,805	1,675	2,130	1,045	520	525
Arabic	43,100	21,220	21,885	3,105	1,600	1,505
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	6,540	3,140	3,405	5	0	5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	1,055	520	535	0	0	0
Harari	515	240	280	0	0	0
Hebrew	4,320	2,220	2,100	355	195	160
Maltese	835	380	455	10	5	5
Tigrigna	2,465	1,080	1,385	1,135	580	555
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	430	205	230	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	185	85	95	25	15	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	32,635	14,890	17,745	2,900	1,370	1,530
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,555	675	880	125	55	70
Vietnamese	31,045	14,200	16,840	2,775	1,315	1,460
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	35	15	20	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	71,195	30,350	40,850	27,215	13,065	14,155
Bikol	80	35	45	30	15	15
Cebuano	1,850	800	1,055	495	250	245
Fijian	10	5	5	15	5	10
Hiligaynon	755	325	435	125	55	75
Ilocano	3,400	1,455	1,940	390	190	200
Malagasy	10	5	10	0	0	0
Malay	1,380	670	715	55	25	30
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	385	175	210	245	120	130
Pangasinan	80	35	40	30	15	15
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	62,885	26,685	36,200	25,790	12,375	13,420
Waray-Waray	75	30	45	10	5	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	280	130	150	30	15	15
Creole languages	2,790	1,290	1,505	290	120	165
Haitian Creole	120	55	65	10	5	5
Creole, n.o.s.	1,915	885	1,030	165	75	85
Creole languages, n.i.e.	760	350	410	115	45	75
Dravidian languages	85,480	41,250	44,230	800	400	400
Kannada	805	405	400	45	25	25
Malayalam	6,220	3,175	3,045	405	195	205
Tamil	73,640	35,095	38,550	240	120	120
Telugu	4,720	2,535	2,185	110	60	50
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	95	40	55	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	695,550	333,855	361,695	70,820	35,325	35,495
Albanian	6,225	3,115	3,110	155	80	75
Armenian	7,350	3,475	3,875	20	10	5
Balto-Slavic languages	129,425	60,445	68,980	11,685	5,670	6,015
Baltic languages	1,600	660	935	25	10	15
Latvian	575	235	340	15	5	5
Lithuanian	1,025	430	595	10	5	5
Slavic languages	127,825	59,780	68,045	11,660	5,660	6,000
Belarusan	125	60	60	0	5	0
Bosnian	1,300	630	675	285	145	140
Bulgarian	3,775	1,840	1,935	65	30	30
Croatian	5,360	2,565	2,800	320	145	180
Czech	1,345	650	695	115	55	60
Macedonian	4,745	2,250	2,495	85	35	45
Polish	31,135	14,470	16,660	2,010	910	1,105
Russian	51,855	24,065	27,785	5,530	2,780	2,745
Serbian	11,975	5,800	6,175	335	170	170
Serbo-Croatian	915	430	490	90	40	50
Slovak	2,185	1,065	1,120	70	35	35
Slovene (Slovenian)	825	355	475	55	20	30
Ukrainian	12,150	5,545	6,605	2,690	1,285	1,405
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	130	55	75	10	5	5
Celtic languages	60	30	25	20	15	10
Scottish Gaelic	25	10	10	5	5	0
Welsh	10	10	5	10	5	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0	0	0
Germanic languages	4,725	2,150	2,580	25,825	12,700	13,125
Afrikaans	250	110	135	200	100	100
Danish	120	50	65	10	5	5
Dutch	550	255	295	270	135	130
Frisian	5	0	5	10	5	5
German	3,145	1,410	1,735	24,795	12,185	12,615
Icelandic	20	5	15	35	15	20
Norwegian	40	15	20	10	5	5
Swedish	215	100	115	10	5	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	25	15	10	15	5	10
Yiddish	350	175	175	10	5	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	465	240	225
Greek	16,600	7,760	8,845	535	255	280
Indo-Iranian languages	355,150	175,850	179,300	22,810	11,920	10,890
Indo-Aryan languages	282,005	140,240	141,765	21,010	11,055	9,950
Bengali	24,325	12,005	12,325	690	390	305
Gujarati	37,390	18,335	19,060	2,100	1,095	1,005
Hindi	23,355	11,620	11,735	1,335	715	620
Kashmiri	45	20	25	0	0	0
Konkani	430	205	225	10	5	5
Marathi	1,955	1,005	950	40	25	20
Nepali	3,040	1,540	1,500	540	265	280
Oriya (Odia)	270	135	140	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	112,680	56,685	55,995	14,000	7,330	6,670
Sindhi	2,405	1,100	1,310	30	10	15
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	3,440	1,685	1,760	360	190	170
Urdu	72,660	35,910	36,745	1,895	1,035	860
Iranian languages	72,405	35,235	37,170	1,755	835	920
Kurdish	1,440	780	660	275	135	140
Pashto	4,695	2,355	2,340	165	70	95
Persian (Farsi)	66,275	32,095	34,175	1,315	635	685
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	740	375	360	50	25	20
Italic (Romance) languages	176,010	81,040	94,970	9,765	4,670	5,090
Catalan	80	40	40	0	0	0
Italian	48,970	20,920	28,055	1,035	450	590
Portuguese	48,110	23,050	25,055	2,800	1,305	1,500
Romanian	11,610	5,390	6,225	235	110	125
Spanish	67,175	31,610	35,565	5,695	2,810	2,885
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	65	30	35	0	0	0
Japanese	4,480	1,915	2,565	175	75	105
Kartvelian languages	745	405	335	10	5	0
Georgian	740	405	340	10	5	5
Korean	37,770	17,625	20,140	2,915	1,430	1,490
Mongolic languages	200	105	100	5	0	5
Mongolian	205	105	100	5	5	5
Niger-Congo languages	8,870	3,960	4,905	1,410	695	720
Akan (Twi)	4,015	1,740	2,280	45	30	20
Bamanankan	15	5	10	15	5	5
Edo	295	120	175	5	5	0
Ewe	90	40	50	5	5	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	75	35	40	35	15	15
Ga	145	65	80	5	0	0
Ganda	150	70	85	5	0	0
Igbo	410	205	205	75	40	35
Lingala	90	40	55	40	20	20
Rundi (Kirundi)	125	60	65	65	35	35
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	115	50	65	105	55	50
Shona	225	105	115	10	5	10
Swahili	1,230	540	685	500	240	265
Wolof	75	45	35	25	20	10
Yoruba	1,070	515	555	345	175	170
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	730	330	400	125	50	75
Nilo-Saharan languages	85	45	45	130	60	70
Dinka	10	5	5	80	35	45
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	75	40	35	55	30	25
Sign languages	1,660	965	700	560	310	255
American Sign Language	555	295	260	255	135	120
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	1,105	660	440	305	170	135
Sino-Tibetan languages	378,605	177,030	201,575	13,910	6,920	6,985
Chinese languages	374,020	174,765	199,255	13,445	6,685	6,765
Cantonese	179,480	82,480	97,000	4,455	2,105	2,350
Hakka	2,675	1,215	1,465	25	10	15
Mandarin	176,695	84,105	92,590	8,080	4,105	3,975
Min Dong	240	105	135	5	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	4,980	2,280	2,700	135	65	70
Wu (Shanghainese)	3,090	1,450	1,640	65	30	35
Chinese, n.o.s.	6,775	3,100	3,675	675	365	315
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	85	35	45	5	5	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	4,585	2,260	2,325	465	235	225
Burmese	570	260	305	55	30	25
Karenic languages	210	105	110	370	190	180
Tibetan	3,700	1,835	1,860	5	0	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	105	55	50	40	15	20
Tai-Kadai languages	1,530	715	810	535	250	280
Lao	970	470	495	430	210	220
Thai	550	240	305	105	40	65
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	10	0	5	0	0	0
Turkic languages	9,285	4,650	4,635	135	70	65
Azerbaijani	640	325	315	10	5	10
Turkish	7,975	3,980	3,995	65	35	35
Uyghur	215	110	100	0	0	0
Uzbek	310	165	145	35	20	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	145	70	75	25	10	15
Uralic languages	8,560	3,920	4,640	305	140	165
Estonian	630	230	395	0	0	0
Finnish	415	180	240	35	15	15
Hungarian	7,515	3,505	4,010	270	125	145
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	320	165	155	40	25	20
Multiple responses	537,435	258,615	278,825	64,475	31,080	33,400
English and French	12,185	5,585	6,600	3,090	1,440	1,645
English and non-official language	512,690	247,515	265,170	60,090	28,995	31,090
French and non-official language	2,330	1,030	1,300	415	215	205
English, French and non-official language	10,240	4,485	5,750	885	420	455
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	5,389,435	2,613,915	2,775,520	1,261,615	624,095	637,520
None	4,059,895	1,975,765	2,084,135	1,079,050	535,990	543,065
English	573,230	280,980	292,255	76,350	37,795	38,550
French	48,015	20,920	27,090	20,200	9,130	11,075
Non-official language	683,225	324,520	358,710	83,315	39,860	43,455
Aboriginal	435	185	250	16,105	7,590	8,515
Non-Aboriginal	682,790	324,330	358,460	67,215	32,275	34,940
English and French	3,820	1,765	2,055	305	150	150
English and non-official language	13,105	6,410	6,695	1,610	815	790
French and non-official language	7,895	3,445	4,455	770	345	420
English, French and non-official language	250	115	135	20	5	10
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	4,485,350	2,151,700	2,333,645	1,001,305	491,590	509,715
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	4,254,740	2,041,845	2,212,895	954,035	467,790	486,250
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,014	35,486	27,686	34,188	40,379	29,220
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	4,255,435	2,042,025	2,213,410	954,205	467,820	486,390
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,692	32,291	25,941	30,465	35,150	26,561
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	3,735,375	1,836,390	1,898,990	859,545	431,145	428,400
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,152	37,338	27,784	32,592	39,229	26,692
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	3,068,395	1,352,495	1,715,905	701,840	309,530	392,310
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	2,123	998	3,741	4,268	1,890	5,434
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	3,153,650	1,595,810	1,557,845	722,785	374,850	347,935
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,317	38,641	30,510	33,677	39,365	28,679
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	4,485,725	2,151,900	2,333,830	1,001,305	491,580	509,725
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	4,255,475	2,041,985	2,213,490	953,960	467,575	486,385
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	50,118	59,794	41,191	43,767	51,068	36,747
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	4,256,160	2,042,200	2,213,965	954,175	467,605	486,565
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,278	46,588	34,458	35,957	41,013	31,097
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	3,735,945	1,836,465	1,899,480	859,575	431,035	428,540
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	51,862	62,449	41,625	42,776	50,803	34,704
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	3,068,135	1,352,300	1,715,830	701,830	308,940	392,890
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,363	5,481	7,058	7,099	6,411	7,640
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	3,153,965	1,596,085	1,557,885	722,785	374,535	348,250
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	51,662	60,906	42,192	42,551	49,417	35,168
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	4,485,730	2,151,895	2,333,830	1,001,310	491,580	509,725
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	1,488,180	818,260	669,925	350,580	201,335	149,245
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	55,941	60,166	51,725	50,026	54,580	44,818
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	74,842	84,302	63,286	59,523	65,410	51,581
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	90.8	93.9	86.7	88.0	91.7	83.1
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	76.3	79.6	72.0	73.6	77.4	68.6
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	9.2	6.1	13.3	12.0	8.3	16.9
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	4,485,350	2,151,700	2,333,645	1,001,310	491,585	509,720
Without total income	230,610	109,860	120,750	47,270	23,800	23,470
With total income	4,254,740	2,041,845	2,212,895	954,040	467,790	486,245
Percentage with total income	94.9	94.9	94.8	95.3	95.2	95.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	763,555	347,080	416,480	137,700	62,550	75,150
$10,000 to $19,999	770,435	327,705	442,735	150,320	58,320	91,995
$20,000 to $29,999	545,305	236,955	308,355	136,510	54,950	81,560
$30,000 to $39,999	426,865	193,445	233,420	123,685	55,805	67,885
$40,000 to $49,999	371,190	172,520	198,670	109,710	54,650	55,060
$50,000 to $59,999	294,250	143,010	151,240	80,625	45,170	35,460
$60,000 to $69,999	231,875	119,655	112,220	58,785	35,250	23,535
$70,000 to $79,999	181,995	98,550	83,450	43,365	26,465	16,895
$80,000 to $89,999	144,615	80,165	64,445	34,000	20,100	13,905
$90,000 to $99,999	122,530	65,300	57,230	21,980	13,545	8,440
$100,000 and over	402,130	257,465	144,665	57,355	40,985	16,370
$100,000 to $149,999	244,815	148,925	95,890	40,870	28,585	12,285
$150,000 and over	157,310	108,540	48,770	16,490	12,395	4,090
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	4,485,345	2,151,705	2,333,645	1,001,305	491,585	509,720
Without after-tax income	229,915	109,680	120,235	47,100	23,770	23,330
With after-tax income	4,255,435	2,042,025	2,213,415	954,205	467,820	486,390
Percentage with after-tax income	94.9	94.9	94.8	95.3	95.2	95.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	776,015	351,385	424,630	142,035	63,525	78,510
$10,000 to $19,999	800,145	341,855	458,290	161,865	63,410	98,460
$20,000 to $29,999	622,175	273,000	349,175	165,880	68,985	96,895
$30,000 to $39,999	506,890	233,435	273,455	153,680	73,335	80,350
$40,000 to $49,999	428,590	204,910	223,685	116,415	63,755	52,660
$50,000 to $59,999	313,515	160,735	152,780	78,105	46,940	31,160
$60,000 to $69,999	229,640	125,710	103,935	53,870	32,165	21,705
$70,000 to $79,999	176,635	96,460	80,175	31,690	19,680	12,010
$80,000 and over	401,835	254,535	147,295	50,655	36,025	14,630
$80,000 to $89,999	118,825	67,420	51,400	18,025	12,260	5,760
$90,000 to $99,999	71,215	44,080	27,140	10,325	7,305	3,015
$100,000 and over	211,795	143,035	68,760	22,305	16,460	5,850
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	4,485,345	2,151,705	2,333,645	1,001,305	491,590	509,720
Without employment income	1,331,700	555,895	775,805	278,525	116,740	161,775
With employment income	3,153,650	1,595,805	1,557,845	722,785	374,845	347,940
Percentage with employment income	70.3	74.2	66.8	72.2	76.3	68.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	396,680	186,410	210,270	90,045	42,675	47,375
$5,000 to $9,999	263,610	119,885	143,725	54,560	23,875	30,690
$10,000 to $19,999	435,350	205,860	229,490	94,460	41,920	52,535
$20,000 to $29,999	343,395	158,605	184,785	89,540	39,650	49,895
$30,000 to $39,999	309,985	145,840	164,145	88,340	41,905	46,440
$40,000 to $49,999	283,815	135,050	148,765	77,755	40,205	37,550
$50,000 to $59,999	231,700	117,150	114,550	58,900	34,355	24,550
$60,000 to $69,999	185,380	98,655	86,730	44,085	27,115	16,970
$70,000 to $79,999	148,890	83,255	65,635	34,450	21,375	13,075
$80,000 and over	554,845	345,095	209,755	90,650	61,780	28,865
$80,000 to $89,999	121,685	69,155	52,525	28,365	16,860	11,505
$90,000 to $99,999	108,555	57,950	50,600	17,635	11,355	6,275
$100,000 and over	324,605	217,980	106,625	44,650	33,560	11,095
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	1,967,380	...	...	489,050	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	76,518	...	...	68,147	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	67,196	...	...	59,093	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	492,315	...	...	135,495	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	39,284	...	...	35,846	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	35,101	...	...	31,538	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	1,475,070	...	...	353,550	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	92,630	...	...	84,532	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	81,323	...	...	72,688	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	1,967,555	...	...	489,050	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	108,395	...	...	85,373	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	87,128	...	...	70,154	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	492,475	...	...	135,440	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	55,739	...	...	44,208	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	44,666	...	...	36,503	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	1,475,085	...	...	353,605	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	125,975	...	...	101,140	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	101,304	...	...	83,044	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	1,967,380	...	...	489,050	...	...
Under $5,000	45,670	...	...	9,250	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	31,255	...	...	8,175	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	48,970	...	...	11,450	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	72,860	...	...	18,260	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	69,080	...	...	21,395	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	71,255	...	...	19,035	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	72,655	...	...	21,090	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	74,045	...	...	21,745	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	73,960	...	...	21,605	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	72,565	...	...	21,225	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	140,110	...	...	40,240	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	131,050	...	...	37,910	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	121,160	...	...	34,275	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	111,745	...	...	31,555	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	102,675	...	...	27,215	...	...
$100,000 and over	728,325	...	...	144,620	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	205,845	...	...	52,495	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	149,570	...	...	34,595	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	178,280	...	...	34,670	...	...
$200,000 and over	194,630	...	...	22,865	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	1,967,380	...	...	489,050	...	...
Under $5,000	48,175	...	...	9,725	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	31,565	...	...	8,315	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	49,785	...	...	11,860	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	75,575	...	...	19,325	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	75,690	...	...	24,370	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	78,360	...	...	22,665	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	82,540	...	...	25,915	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	87,000	...	...	26,725	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	89,295	...	...	25,965	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	87,435	...	...	25,290	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	167,070	...	...	48,610	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	152,470	...	...	44,280	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	139,615	...	...	38,890	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	123,875	...	...	32,370	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	106,420	...	...	26,890	...	...
$100,000 and over	572,520	...	...	97,850	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	204,555	...	...	46,355	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	133,630	...	...	24,795	...	...
$150,000 and over	234,340	...	...	26,705	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	1,418,695	...	...	341,205	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	92,279	...	...	84,441	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	80,950	...	...	72,563	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.3	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	381,755	...	...	127,580	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	83,997	...	...	79,103	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	73,015	...	...	67,596	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	745,680	...	...	150,585	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	112,062	...	...	104,902	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	97,348	...	...	89,307	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.1	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	240,690	...	...	52,215	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	56,356	...	...	49,922	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	52,125	...	...	46,048	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	1,418,175	...	...	341,235	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	126,555	...	...	101,410	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	101,479	...	...	83,132	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	381,845	...	...	127,710	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	120,732	...	...	95,583	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	94,620	...	...	77,743	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	746,125	...	...	150,695	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	148,376	...	...	122,176	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	118,509	...	...	99,399	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	239,190	...	...	52,130	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	73,147	...	...	60,006	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	62,554	...	...	52,307	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	710,010	335,120	374,890	175,270	86,935	88,335
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	32,181	32,948	31,573	32,927	35,568	30,818
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	29,543	30,010	29,180	29,429	31,130	28,062
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	708,525	333,920	374,605	174,945	86,380	88,565
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	47,700	50,146	45,520	40,853	43,332	38,434
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	38,832	40,028	37,766	33,961	35,291	32,663
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	5,370,515	2,605,995	2,764,520	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
In the bottom half of the distribution	2,635,600	1,252,915	1,382,690	687,930	332,640	355,290
In the bottom decile	626,795	302,630	324,165	151,750	74,825	76,930
In the second decile	553,235	255,400	297,840	135,485	62,035	73,450
In the third decile	503,590	237,300	266,285	135,395	64,805	70,590
In the fourth decile	478,745	228,975	249,770	132,755	65,185	67,575
In the fifth decile	473,240	228,615	244,630	132,540	65,790	66,750
In the top half of the distribution	2,734,920	1,353,085	1,381,835	552,770	281,805	270,965
In the sixth decile	476,880	231,510	245,375	127,575	64,305	63,265
In the seventh decile	489,145	239,025	250,120	123,505	62,770	60,735
In the eighth decile	516,090	254,485	261,605	116,805	59,460	57,350
In the ninth decile	568,130	282,000	286,135	104,820	53,835	50,980
In the top decile	684,665	346,070	338,600	80,070	41,435	38,640
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	5,370,520	2,605,995	2,764,525	1,175,720	581,585	594,135
0 to 17 years	1,077,570	553,445	524,125	260,905	134,075	126,830
0 to 5 years	337,255	172,765	164,490	85,935	44,240	41,695
18 to 64 years	3,542,115	1,714,060	1,828,055	737,035	365,965	371,070
65 years and over	750,830	338,490	412,345	177,780	81,540	96,235
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	873,325	411,775	461,550	180,880	85,185	95,690
0 to 17 years	223,495	115,235	108,260	57,185	29,390	27,790
0 to 5 years	72,435	37,260	35,175	21,325	10,970	10,355
18 to 64 years	542,900	254,105	288,795	98,920	46,630	52,285
65 years and over	106,920	42,430	64,490	24,785	9,165	15,615
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	16.3	15.8	16.7	15.4	14.6	16.1
0 to 17 years (%)	20.7	20.8	20.7	21.9	21.9	21.9
0 to 5 years (%)	21.5	21.6	21.4	24.8	24.8	24.8
18 to 64 years (%)	15.3	14.8	15.8	13.4	12.7	14.1
65 years and over (%)	14.2	12.5	15.6	13.9	11.2	16.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	732,405	350,620	381,780	115,965	56,255	59,705
0 to 17 years	173,895	89,620	84,270	33,260	17,040	16,220
0 to 5 years	56,775	29,135	27,640	12,310	6,325	5,985
18 to 64 years	487,620	234,110	253,505	73,655	35,895	37,760
65 years and over	70,895	26,885	44,005	9,045	3,325	5,725
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	13.6	13.5	13.8	9.9	9.7	10.0
0 to 17 years (%)	16.1	16.2	16.1	12.7	12.7	12.8
0 to 5 years (%)	16.8	16.9	16.8	14.3	14.3	14.4
18 to 64 years (%)	13.8	13.7	13.9	10.0	9.8	10.2
65 years and over (%)	9.4	7.9	10.7	5.1	4.1	5.9
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	5,371,025	2,606,395	2,764,630	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Official languages	5,119,210	2,506,430	2,612,780	1,224,985	607,375	617,605
English	5,114,880	2,504,655	2,610,225	1,223,665	606,760	616,905
French	433,650	187,295	246,355	108,560	49,435	59,130
Non-official languages	2,980,865	1,420,145	1,560,715	340,250	165,150	175,100
Aboriginal languages	985	405	585	40,465	19,410	21,050
Algonquian languages	825	350	475	38,305	18,375	19,930
Blackfoot	10	0	0	10	0	10
Cree-Montagnais languages	185	85	100	20,975	10,025	10,955
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	10
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	85	25	55
Plains Cree	55	30	20	190	90	100
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	25	0	15	1,140	505	640
Woods Cree	15	10	0	130	65	65
Cree, n.o.s.	90	35	55	19,435	9,340	10,095
Eastern Algonquian languages	45	25	20	10	10	0
Malecite	0	0	0	10	10	0
Mi'kmaq	45	25	25	10	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	595	240	355	17,710	8,520	9,185
Algonquin	15	10	10	10	0	0
Ojibway	560	230	330	9,685	4,560	5,125
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	8,045	3,975	4,070
Ottawa (Odawa)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	15	10	10	1,120	525	595
Northern Athabaskan languages	15	10	10	1,110	520	590
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	10	0	0	1,110	520	595
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	25	10	15	110	55	55
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Inuktitut	10	0	10	80	35	45
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	20	15	10
Iroquoian languages	55	15	40	15	10	10
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	45	15	35	15	10	10
Oneida	10	10	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	10
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	15	10	10	210	115	95
Salish languages	0	0	10	0	0	10
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	10	0	10
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages	10	0	10	760	365	395
Dakota	0	0	10	760	360	400
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	10	0	0	10	0	10
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	10	0	0	10	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	25	20	10	35	15	20
Non-Aboriginal languages	2,979,935	1,419,770	1,560,165	299,900	145,795	154,110
Afro-Asiatic languages	203,300	101,890	101,410	15,730	8,320	7,410
Berber languages	235	135	100	85	50	40
Kabyle	75	40	30	45	25	20
Berber languages, n.i.e.	165	95	70	50	35	10
Cushitic languages	20,380	8,885	11,490	2,300	1,195	1,105
Bilen	75	45	30	210	120	85
Oromo	1,390	590	800	535	275	260
Somali	18,905	8,230	10,675	1,550	790	760
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	85	35	50	15	15	10
Semitic languages	183,945	93,490	90,450	13,685	7,300	6,390
Amharic	11,365	5,280	6,080	2,475	1,370	1,105
Arabic	119,665	61,755	57,905	6,650	3,590	3,055
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	11,995	5,860	6,140	15	0	10
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	2,080	1,040	1,035	10	0	0
Harari	1,250	635	615	0	10	0
Hebrew	37,745	19,225	18,520	3,370	1,735	1,635
Maltese	4,165	2,035	2,130	65	30	35
Tigrigna	5,940	2,775	3,170	2,225	1,175	1,050
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	1,060	515	550	15	10	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	700	325	375	155	80	80
Austro-Asiatic languages	65,060	29,925	35,130	5,230	2,545	2,685
Khmer (Cambodian)	3,970	1,730	2,240	335	185	150
Vietnamese	61,350	28,340	33,010	4,905	2,370	2,535
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	40	0	40	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	200,765	80,115	120,645	65,305	30,220	35,090
Bikol	570	255	310	225	100	125
Cebuano	7,130	2,860	4,265	1,615	805	810
Fijian	45	20	25	65	35	30
Hiligaynon	2,460	985	1,475	425	180	245
Ilocano	12,560	4,930	7,635	1,875	880	990
Malagasy	90	45	45	0	0	0
Malay	7,015	3,215	3,800	375	180	195
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	1,565	710	855	945	415	530
Pangasinan	435	190	245	205	100	110
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	188,840	74,950	113,890	64,165	29,640	34,520
Waray-Waray	320	100	220	115	55	55
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	1,255	525	730	200	80	120
Creole languages	16,380	7,360	9,020	1,310	605	705
Haitian Creole	640	285	350	25	10	15
Creole, n.o.s.	8,935	4,015	4,925	635	310	315
Creole languages, n.i.e.	6,960	3,115	3,845	680	305	375
Dravidian languages	170,055	84,545	85,505	1,840	945	895
Kannada	4,300	2,140	2,155	175	95	80
Malayalam	16,600	8,450	8,150	830	400	430
Tamil	140,900	69,315	71,585	655	330	325
Telugu	13,070	7,200	5,875	255	150	110
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	430	220	210	15	10	10
Hmong-Mien languages	25	15	10	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,670,260	812,610	857,650	175,950	86,435	89,510
Albanian	14,895	7,440	7,450	390	195	195
Armenian	14,750	7,035	7,715	65	50	15
Balto-Slavic languages	284,385	132,330	152,055	39,530	18,780	20,745
Baltic languages	6,090	2,475	3,610	230	90	140
Latvian	2,500	1,045	1,450	115	45	70
Lithuanian	3,595	1,430	2,165	120	50	65
Slavic languages	279,935	130,535	149,400	39,360	18,720	20,640
Belarusan	915	480	440	65	25	45
Bosnian	4,205	2,040	2,170	835	405	430
Bulgarian	7,750	3,770	3,980	155	95	60
Croatian	21,210	10,340	10,865	1,595	765	825
Czech	5,935	2,820	3,115	735	335	395
Macedonian	15,485	7,385	8,100	140	75	60
Polish	77,395	35,400	41,995	7,655	3,625	4,035
Russian	107,415	49,880	57,540	13,455	6,715	6,740
Serbian	26,595	13,150	13,440	870	470	400
Serbo-Croatian	2,775	1,330	1,440	190	75	115
Slovak	5,750	2,655	3,100	480	215	260
Slovene (Slovenian)	3,940	1,735	2,210	275	100	175
Ukrainian	36,660	16,375	20,285	17,095	7,795	9,305
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	600	350	250	70	35	30
Celtic languages	1,780	915	865	225	125	100
Scottish Gaelic	595	300	295	90	65	25
Welsh	215	95	120	90	45	45
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	970	520	450	45	15	25
Germanic languages	72,330	34,390	37,940	68,285	33,250	35,035
Afrikaans	3,975	1,955	2,015	715	330	385
Danish	1,865	840	1,025	270	120	150
Dutch	9,510	4,470	5,045	3,120	1,555	1,565
Frisian	145	60	90	90	65	30
German	49,225	23,465	25,760	61,760	30,170	31,600
Icelandic	120	55	65	560	225	335
Norwegian	870	415	455	290	115	175
Swedish	2,375	1,085	1,290	270	125	150
Vlaams (Flemish)	250	105	145	270	120	155
Yiddish	6,480	3,185	3,300	545	235	315
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	85	45	45	2,490	1,285	1,205
Greek	57,745	28,385	29,355	2,010	1,015	1,000
Indo-Iranian languages	735,150	371,350	363,800	38,760	20,480	18,280
Indo-Aryan languages	612,745	310,215	302,530	35,830	18,990	16,835
Bengali	47,600	24,185	23,415	1,520	885	635
Gujarati	85,245	42,705	42,540	3,905	2,065	1,840
Hindi	201,555	102,590	98,970	12,900	6,900	6,000
Kashmiri	460	230	230	20	15	10
Konkani	4,875	2,200	2,670	40	30	10
Marathi	8,470	4,365	4,100	275	170	105
Nepali	6,345	3,140	3,205	600	285	315
Oriya (Odia)	900	430	465	15	10	10
Punjabi (Panjabi)	235,230	120,835	114,395	22,900	12,035	10,865
Sindhi	9,210	4,295	4,915	150	85	65
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	14,575	7,335	7,240	920	500	420
Urdu	180,400	91,380	89,020	4,600	2,540	2,060
Iranian languages	127,535	63,570	63,965	3,035	1,525	1,515
Kurdish	3,760	2,120	1,635	600	295	305
Pashto	10,905	5,795	5,110	290	135	150
Persian (Farsi)	117,090	58,090	58,995	2,295	1,175	1,120
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	3,395	1,840	1,555	230	125	105
Italic (Romance) languages	525,885	248,355	277,525	34,360	16,630	17,735
Catalan	305	155	145	15	10	10
Italian	199,425	94,670	104,750	5,350	2,610	2,735
Portuguese	125,025	59,945	65,080	8,460	4,125	4,335
Romanian	27,960	12,960	15,000	785	395	390
Spanish	195,365	91,080	104,280	20,605	9,910	10,695
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	625	305	315	60	45	15
Japanese	17,015	7,335	9,680	1,160	550	605
Kartvelian languages	1,455	740	715	10	0	15
Georgian	1,455	740	715	15	0	15
Korean	61,135	28,600	32,535	4,240	2,100	2,145
Mongolic languages	440	190	250	55	20	35
Mongolian	445	190	255	55	20	30
Niger-Congo languages	46,505	22,145	24,365	7,970	4,125	3,845
Akan (Twi)	13,440	6,225	7,215	260	165	95
Bamanankan	200	115	90	160	95	65
Edo	1,875	820	1,055	95	60	30
Ewe	505	260	240	50	30	20
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	455	235	220	50	25	25
Ga	985	475	510	30	10	15
Ganda	830	395	435	230	110	120
Igbo	2,905	1,440	1,460	665	345	325
Lingala	2,015	875	1,140	655	315	345
Rundi (Kirundi)	510	250	255	205	105	105
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	655	285	370	305	155	155
Shona	1,105	485	620	250	110	140
Swahili	10,070	4,960	5,110	1,930	1,020	905
Wolof	410	190	225	150	85	70
Yoruba	7,685	3,850	3,830	2,630	1,330	1,295
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	6,145	2,845	3,300	1,440	765	680
Nilo-Saharan languages	450	255	195	410	225	185
Dinka	65	50	20	180	105	75
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	385	210	175	225	120	105
Sign languages	5,265	2,275	2,990	2,670	985	1,685
American Sign Language	3,045	1,150	1,895	1,710	625	1,090
Quebec Sign Language	10	0	10	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	2,290	1,165	1,130	975	365	610
Sino-Tibetan languages	570,420	267,755	302,665	21,130	10,490	10,650
Chinese languages	563,390	264,295	299,095	20,475	10,185	10,285
Cantonese	300,575	139,720	160,855	8,310	3,920	4,390
Hakka	7,110	3,120	3,990	50	30	20
Mandarin	308,025	143,345	164,680	12,825	6,460	6,365
Min Dong	710	290	420	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	13,725	6,150	7,575	480	230	250
Wu (Shanghainese)	6,805	3,170	3,640	185	95	85
Chinese, n.o.s.	11,310	5,130	6,180	1,115	600	510
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	135	75	65	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	7,410	3,665	3,745	675	310	370
Burmese	1,325	605	720	185	115	70
Karenic languages	250	115	135	465	200	265
Tibetan	5,420	2,705	2,720	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	495	285	210	145	60	80
Tai-Kadai languages	4,720	2,005	2,715	1,565	730	835
Lao	2,635	1,250	1,385	1,120	520	600
Thai	2,340	880	1,465	575	270	305
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	10	10	0
Turkic languages	24,065	12,495	11,575	510	250	265
Azerbaijani	2,625	1,330	1,300	50	25	30
Turkish	20,195	10,535	9,665	365	180	185
Uyghur	490	225	260	30	15	10
Uzbek	785	425	365	40	20	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	540	250	290	45	15	30
Uralic languages	25,660	11,605	14,055	1,550	730	815
Estonian	2,750	1,190	1,560	45	20	25
Finnish	2,450	1,025	1,425	265	105	160
Hungarian	20,515	9,410	11,105	1,235	600	635
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	2,275	1,175	1,100	445	290	150
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	5,371,020	2,606,395	2,764,635	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	4,666,240	2,271,285	2,394,950	1,133,080	560,165	572,920
Canadian citizens aged under 18	988,125	507,650	480,475	266,225	136,640	129,585
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	3,678,115	1,763,635	1,914,475	866,855	423,520	443,335
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	704,790	335,105	369,680	107,620	54,280	53,340
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	5,371,020	2,606,390	2,764,635	1,240,700	614,445	626,255
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	2,647,660	1,325,780	1,321,875	996,860	494,285	502,570
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	2,588,715	1,213,600	1,375,110	227,465	111,095	116,365
Before 1981	570,800	264,690	306,105	50,025	23,340	26,680
1981 to 1990	354,720	169,415	185,300	20,205	10,190	10,010
1991 to 2000	615,195	286,895	328,300	23,040	11,165	11,875
2001 to 2010	701,370	328,685	372,685	70,985	35,305	35,680
2001 to 2005	364,605	171,720	192,885	22,570	11,195	11,370
2006 to 2010	336,765	156,965	179,800	48,415	24,110	24,305
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	346,635	163,920	182,715	63,210	31,095	32,120
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	134,650	67,010	67,640	16,375	9,055	7,320
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	2,588,710	1,213,605	1,375,110	227,470	111,100	116,370
Under 5 years	210,560	104,680	105,885	25,595	12,975	12,625
5 to 14 years	425,730	214,310	211,420	45,570	23,305	22,265
15 to 24 years	561,010	248,975	312,035	44,585	20,820	23,770
25 to 44 years	1,112,050	520,805	591,245	93,700	45,160	48,540
45 years and over	279,360	124,830	154,525	18,010	8,845	9,170
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	2,588,715	1,213,605	1,375,115	227,465	111,095	116,365
Americas	393,895	174,345	219,550	31,980	15,285	16,700
Brazil	10,010	4,705	5,305	435	170	265
Colombia	16,110	7,390	8,715	1,050	510	545
El Salvador	10,615	5,280	5,335	2,480	1,325	1,155
Guyana	67,295	29,760	37,535	1,135	515	620
Haiti	2,555	1,200	1,355	155	75	80
Jamaica	97,095	40,495	56,600	1,810	835	970
Mexico	10,595	4,710	5,885	6,655	3,330	3,320
Peru	7,685	3,415	4,270	235	85	150
Trinidad and Tobago	41,765	18,320	23,445	1,505	785	720
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	43,175	20,260	22,915	7,100	3,100	4,000
Other places of birth in Americas	86,995	38,800	48,195	9,425	4,550	4,875
Europe	568,320	267,530	300,790	56,705	27,815	28,890
Bosnia and Herzegovina	9,230	4,565	4,665	1,055	530	525
Croatia	11,040	5,225	5,810	975	445	535
France	6,595	3,095	3,500	795	425	365
Germany	19,960	9,295	10,665	10,390	5,215	5,175
Greece	26,890	13,115	13,780	820	445	375
Hungary	11,185	5,045	6,140	815	435	375
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	7,445	3,635	3,810	650	310	340
Italy	95,175	46,030	49,150	2,755	1,405	1,350
Netherlands	5,940	2,870	3,075	2,250	1,185	1,060
Poland	53,330	23,935	29,390	5,280	2,455	2,820
Portugal	66,340	31,825	34,515	4,380	2,170	2,210
Romania	23,965	10,890	13,075	720	345	375
Russian Federation	33,130	14,300	18,830	4,245	2,035	2,210
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	12,690	6,140	6,550	355	175	175
Ukraine	31,045	14,215	16,830	4,765	2,250	2,515
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	84,810	40,430	44,375	11,665	5,655	6,015
Other places of birth in Europe	69,555	32,920	36,630	4,790	2,325	2,470
Africa	147,790	71,030	76,760	17,975	9,495	8,485
Algeria	1,205	640	565	115	60	55
Egypt	23,285	12,065	11,215	980	525	455
Ethiopia	10,785	4,910	5,870	2,525	1,360	1,165
Kenya	10,980	5,025	5,955	935	470	465
Morocco	3,395	1,655	1,740	250	140	110
Nigeria	15,970	7,910	8,065	3,820	2,070	1,750
Somalia	10,780	4,310	6,470	755	350	415
South Africa, Republic of	12,360	5,990	6,370	975	465	505
Other places of birth in Africa	59,020	28,520	30,505	7,630	4,055	3,570
Asia	1,471,940	697,390	774,555	120,230	58,215	62,015
Afghanistan	24,510	12,230	12,275	615	285	330
Bangladesh	31,885	16,065	15,820	880	475	400
China^{Census data footnote 59}	262,175	119,475	142,700	9,250	4,460	4,790
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	97,705	45,890	51,815	1,460	715	735
India	297,730	148,545	149,190	21,990	11,395	10,595
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	73,340	36,520	36,815	1,180	655	530
Iraq	27,770	13,840	13,930	860	460	400
Japan	5,715	1,850	3,865	225	70	150
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	44,745	20,860	23,890	2,880	1,415	1,470
Lebanon	12,970	6,975	6,000	265	165	100
Pakistan	110,255	55,690	54,565	3,125	1,675	1,450
Philippines	187,510	76,805	110,710	61,950	28,800	33,150
Sri Lanka	98,025	47,845	50,180	1,015	515	505
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	10,545	5,285	5,250	805	390	410
Taiwan	14,705	6,405	8,300	215	110	110
Viet Nam	57,865	26,180	31,690	4,225	2,035	2,185
Other places of birth in Asia	114,505	56,925	57,575	9,285	4,590	4,695
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	6,770	3,320	3,450	575	290	280
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	346,635	163,920	182,715	63,210	31,095	32,115
Americas	39,310	18,740	20,570	4,130	1,840	2,290
Brazil	2,465	1,165	1,305	100	35	65
Colombia	2,495	1,175	1,320	185	70	120
Cuba	1,150	510	635	75	25	55
Haiti	865	415	450	15	10	0
Jamaica	7,205	3,760	3,440	340	175	165
Mexico	2,870	1,360	1,510	875	415	465
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	7,605	3,850	3,755	970	445	525
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	1,790	825	965	75	30	40
Other places of birth in Americas	12,860	5,660	7,195	1,490	640	850
Europe	30,555	14,975	15,580	5,155	2,650	2,505
France	1,360	660	700	135	70	75
Germany	875	475	400	580	310	265
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	1,445	905	540	135	80	60
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	750	350	400	160	85	70
Romania	1,415	555	860	70	30	35
Russian Federation	3,845	1,400	2,440	1,145	530	610
Ukraine	3,580	1,655	1,925	1,320	670	650
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	3,585	2,160	1,425	550	290	265
Other places of birth in Europe	13,695	6,810	6,885	1,060	590	470
Africa	23,910	11,705	12,200	7,860	4,120	3,735
Algeria	195	85	105	20	10	10
Cameroon	800	350	445	65	45	20
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	550	240	310	740	360	380
Côte d'Ivoire	280	135	145	95	35	60
Egypt	5,540	2,885	2,655	415	220	190
Eritrea	1,060	525	535	795	430	360
Ethiopia	1,655	745	910	810	425	380
Morocco	350	140	210	70	30	35
Nigeria	4,695	2,280	2,415	2,630	1,415	1,215
Somalia	1,115	530	590	385	160	215
South Africa, Republic of	770	405	360	225	110	120
Tunisia	125	85	35	65	45	20
Other places of birth in Africa	6,770	3,295	3,475	1,555	820	735
Asia	251,635	117,765	133,875	45,915	22,395	23,520
Afghanistan	4,500	2,235	2,260	60	35	25
Bangladesh	6,780	3,360	3,420	360	195	170
China^{Census data footnote 59}	48,955	21,765	27,185	3,390	1,635	1,760
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	1,740	700	1,040	185	105	80
India	57,455	28,890	28,570	10,915	5,675	5,240
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	18,565	8,985	9,575	425	230	195
Iraq	7,840	3,890	3,955	330	175	155
Israel	1,600	840	765	595	340	260
Japan	930	250	685	45	25	25
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	4,815	2,190	2,625	1,300	665	640
Lebanon	1,365	745	620	140	100	35
Nepal	2,415	1,235	1,180	210	70	140
Pakistan	20,360	9,960	10,400	1,535	800	735
Philippines	42,735	17,680	25,050	22,885	10,645	12,245
Saudi Arabia	2,020	1,030	990	325	145	180
Sri Lanka	7,095	3,095	3,995	250	140	115
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	5,365	2,790	2,570	635	325	310
Taiwan	755	305	450	20	0	10
Turkey	2,055	1,145	905	40	30	10
United Arab Emirates	3,175	1,605	1,575	110	55	55
Viet Nam	2,605	1,020	1,585	495	220	275
Other places of birth in Asia	8,510	4,035	4,470	1,650	785	870
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	1,230	740	490	150	80	70
Australia	955	600	355	80	25	60
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	270	140	135	65	55	15
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	5,371,020	2,606,395	2,764,630	1,240,695	614,440	626,260
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	2,753,115	1,295,920	1,457,195	249,625	123,035	126,585
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	1,541,070	777,190	763,880	197,530	97,135	100,395
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	1,076,835	533,280	543,555	793,545	394,265	399,280
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	2,051,830	965,135	1,086,695	180,810	89,380	91,425
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	1,023,350	505,520	517,835	119,845	60,680	59,165
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	409,525	251,475	158,050	44,415	27,435	16,980
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	613,825	254,045	359,780	75,430	33,250	42,185
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	690,870	282,355	408,515	39,875	17,355	22,525
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	308,760	164,150	144,605	20,550	11,155	9,395
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	28,845	13,110	15,735	540	195	345
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	5,371,025	2,606,390	2,764,630	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	39,035	18,255	20,780	223,310	108,495	114,815
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	36,845	17,110	19,735	220,470	107,145	113,330
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	23,465	10,830	12,640	130,510	62,955	67,550
Métis	12,830	6,030	6,800	89,355	43,895	45,465
Inuk (Inuit)	550	255	300	610	295	310
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	975	465	510	2,020	985	1,030
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	1,215	680	540	820	365	450
Non-Aboriginal identity	5,331,990	2,588,140	2,743,850	1,017,385	505,945	511,445
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	5,371,025	2,606,390	2,764,635	1,240,700	614,440	626,255
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	12,605	5,825	6,785	127,250	61,300	65,950
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	5,358,415	2,600,565	2,757,850	1,113,450	553,140	560,305
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	5,371,020	2,606,390	2,764,630	1,240,700	614,440	626,255
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	6,375	2,865	3,510	110,630	53,980	56,645
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	6,220	2,790	3,425	108,055	52,775	55,285
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	4,945	2,185	2,760	93,070	45,490	47,580
Métis single ancestry	1,155	560	600	14,835	7,210	7,625
Inuit single ancestry	115	45	70	155	75	80
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	160	75	85	2,570	1,205	1,365
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	105	50	55	2,495	1,160	1,335
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	20	10	10	50	30	15
Métis and Inuit ancestries	15	10	15	15	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	15	10	10	10	10	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	55,150	25,815	29,330	114,605	55,480	59,120
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	53,685	25,160	28,530	107,535	52,250	55,285
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	40,680	19,105	21,565	40,265	19,440	20,820
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	12,265	5,720	6,540	66,810	32,600	34,215
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	750	335	415	460	210	250
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	1,460	655	800	7,070	3,235	3,835
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,250	550	705	6,800	3,100	3,705
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	130	55	70	120	65	55
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	80	50	30	130	55	80
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	10	10	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	5,309,500	2,577,710	2,731,790	1,015,465	504,980	510,485
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	5,371,025	2,606,395	2,764,635	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	2,910,660	1,400,000	1,510,655	216,850	108,315	108,530
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	932,145	470,380	461,760	42,060	22,200	19,855
Chinese	618,280	294,255	324,025	22,540	11,340	11,195
Black	430,280	198,790	231,490	30,335	15,790	14,550
Filipino	246,415	105,285	141,130	79,815	37,935	41,885
Latin American	126,485	60,725	65,755	9,895	4,840	5,050
Arab	100,155	51,885	48,270	5,030	2,705	2,325
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	80,335	37,780	42,560	8,565	4,155	4,410
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	120,685	60,285	60,400	2,695	1,420	1,270
Korean	68,155	32,470	35,685	4,375	2,195	2,180
Japanese	19,515	8,415	11,095	1,850	880	975
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	75,005	34,935	40,070	3,195	1,610	1,590
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	93,210	44,785	48,425	6,485	3,235	3,250
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	2,460,360	1,206,390	1,253,975	1,023,850	506,125	517,725
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	5,371,025	2,606,390	2,764,630	1,240,700	614,440	626,255
North American Aboriginal origins	61,525	28,680	32,840	225,230	109,465	115,770
First Nations (North American Indian)	47,150	21,970	25,175	142,820	69,305	73,510
Inuit	1,125	515	610	955	460	500
Métis	14,890	6,945	7,950	91,120	44,150	46,970
Other North American origins	659,555	326,935	332,620	247,670	123,075	124,600
Acadian	3,660	1,810	1,850	645	325	320
American	44,030	21,480	22,550	9,220	4,605	4,615
Canadian	623,605	309,300	314,305	240,835	119,610	121,225
New Brunswicker	80	50	30	10	0	10
Newfoundlander	2,605	1,325	1,285	215	130	90
Nova Scotian	595	270	330	20	15	0
Ontarian	575	340	235	20	20	0
Québécois	1,400	685	720	280	150	125
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	220	120	100	30	10	25
European origins	2,413,560	1,173,265	1,240,300	826,210	406,770	419,445
British Isles origins	1,074,255	524,990	549,260	421,515	206,840	214,675
Channel Islander	400	210	190	45	25	25
Cornish	175	90	85	85	45	40
English	605,385	296,180	309,205	245,960	119,975	125,985
Irish	456,650	218,130	238,520	156,145	74,290	81,850
Manx	720	425	295	200	100	100
Scottish	452,050	218,755	233,290	208,065	100,790	107,265
Welsh	47,510	22,785	24,730	17,760	8,575	9,180
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	92,185	44,145	48,040	19,610	9,260	10,355
French origins	212,840	100,750	112,095	148,810	72,060	76,750
Alsatian	320	125	200	20	15	15
Breton	55	35	20	120	40	75
Corsican	55	25	25	0	10	0
French	212,520	100,605	111,915	148,740	72,020	76,720
Western European origins (except French origins)	331,540	160,995	170,550	286,985	141,285	145,705
Austrian	26,905	13,040	13,865	12,325	6,190	6,135
Bavarian	135	50	80	15	10	0
Belgian	8,330	3,800	4,530	21,510	10,495	11,020
Dutch	78,240	37,405	40,835	55,525	27,375	28,150
Flemish	790	375	415	965	445	515
Frisian	350	205	145	140	75	55
German	229,980	112,255	117,725	220,735	108,650	112,080
Luxembourger	260	130	135	155	65	90
Swiss	12,710	6,340	6,365	5,475	2,660	2,810
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	480	225	255	140	65	75
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	59,615	28,865	30,755	80,295	38,580	41,720
Danish	12,805	6,390	6,415	7,895	3,850	4,050
Finnish	13,915	6,490	7,425	4,000	1,905	2,095
Icelandic	3,415	1,700	1,705	31,090	15,265	15,825
Norwegian	14,525	7,170	7,350	19,600	9,145	10,455
Swedish	16,290	7,525	8,770	22,470	10,530	11,945
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	3,115	1,485	1,630	2,540	1,260	1,285
Eastern European origins	547,800	260,365	287,440	287,695	141,310	146,380
Bulgarian	10,575	5,165	5,415	330	190	145
Byelorussian	7,840	3,830	4,015	885	430	455
Czech	15,200	7,335	7,870	4,590	2,165	2,425
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	4,075	1,935	2,135	2,155	1,120	1,040
Estonian	6,865	3,200	3,665	190	80	115
Hungarian	54,240	26,295	27,945	10,120	4,990	5,125
Latvian	8,960	4,185	4,775	1,365	655	715
Lithuanian	18,260	8,760	9,500	1,455	750	705
Moldovan	2,915	1,495	1,415	325	170	160
Polish	217,410	103,490	113,920	88,090	42,670	45,420
Romanian	47,340	22,500	24,840	5,835	2,790	3,045
Russian	133,800	62,215	71,585	58,225	28,625	29,605
Slovak	13,180	6,350	6,835	2,190	1,055	1,135
Ukrainian	130,370	62,245	68,130	180,055	88,615	91,445
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	7,120	3,335	3,785	895	415	480
Southern European origins	885,785	435,925	449,855	59,915	29,445	30,470
Albanian	17,125	8,655	8,465	415	220	195
Bosnian	6,150	2,995	3,150	1,030	505	520
Catalan	165	105	60	15	0	15
Croatian	32,740	16,365	16,375	2,930	1,430	1,500
Cypriot	2,355	1,195	1,160	45	25	15
Greek	92,410	46,340	46,070	4,130	2,070	2,060
Italian	421,900	209,670	212,230	23,210	11,675	11,530
Kosovar	480	255	225	45	20	25
Macedonian	25,245	12,585	12,660	225	120	110
Maltese	16,145	7,995	8,155	360	165	195
Montenegrin	1,420	680	740	40	10	30
Portuguese	191,040	92,890	98,150	14,540	7,215	7,320
Serbian	31,710	15,945	15,770	1,240	660	580
Sicilian	1,370	690	675	235	110	125
Slovenian	11,400	5,655	5,745	1,005	485	520
Spanish	99,960	46,885	53,080	12,625	5,680	6,945
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	5,865	2,810	3,060	1,060	540	525
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	480	205	275	65	40	30
Other European origins	70,120	35,070	35,045	10,950	5,550	5,400
Basque	755	360	395	100	65	35
Jewish	57,840	29,035	28,800	8,455	4,250	4,200
Roma (Gypsy)	1,150	545	605	155	70	85
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	895	475	420	185	100	85
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	9,935	4,875	5,060	2,130	1,090	1,040
Caribbean origins	333,840	151,150	182,690	10,805	5,355	5,450
Antiguan	2,390	1,050	1,340	60	20	40
Bahamian	1,200	610	590	60	35	25
Barbadian	17,490	7,935	9,550	740	390	350
Bermudan	930	430	500	40	30	15
Carib	1,745	625	1,120	65	30	40
Cuban	8,800	4,000	4,795	340	155	190
Dominican	6,160	2,945	3,220	275	145	135
Grenadian	12,185	5,235	6,945	160	85	80
Guadeloupean	40	10	30	0	0	0
Haitian	5,020	2,375	2,645	235	90	150
Jamaican	193,360	87,610	105,750	4,585	2,250	2,335
Kittitian/Nevisian	1,785	850	935	10	10	0
Martinican	150	50	100	0	0	0
Montserratan	425	195	225	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	675	355	325	70	25	45
St. Lucian	5,310	2,305	3,005	30	20	15
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	42,230	19,320	22,905	2,395	1,240	1,160
Vincentian/Grenadinian	9,995	4,200	5,795	190	90	105
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	44,630	19,830	24,800	1,465	705	760
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	12,890	5,740	7,145	665	360	305
Latin, Central and South American origins	202,120	95,220	106,905	23,115	11,555	11,565
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	6,755	3,135	3,620	650	330	320
Arawak	680	305	375	10	10	10
Argentinian	7,850	3,800	4,045	475	230	245
Belizean	335	150	180	200	105	100
Bolivian	1,240	600	645	300	160	140
Brazilian	12,250	5,925	6,320	830	375	455
Chilean	9,985	4,805	5,180	1,520	720	795
Colombian	23,130	11,070	12,065	1,400	680	715
Costa Rican	1,720	890	835	65	40	25
Ecuadorian	17,005	8,040	8,965	125	70	55
Guatemalan	5,575	2,680	2,895	505	240	260
Guyanese	55,335	25,270	30,060	1,485	770	715
Hispanic	3,455	1,690	1,765	425	210	220
Honduran	1,670	755	915	520	245	280
Maya	1,105	545	555	220	135	80
Mexican	18,380	8,520	9,860	8,790	4,440	4,350
Nicaraguan	3,520	1,700	1,815	370	200	170
Panamanian	1,715	745	970	50	10	40
Paraguayan	275	120	150	2,080	1,070	1,010
Peruvian	10,025	4,655	5,370	350	130	225
Salvadorean	14,435	7,115	7,315	2,735	1,425	1,315
Uruguayan	3,040	1,570	1,475	35	10	20
Venezuelan	7,825	3,550	4,285	240	95	150
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	8,800	4,320	4,480	1,045	525	520
African origins	257,720	125,440	132,280	28,860	14,980	13,885
Central and West African origins	57,350	28,290	29,060	8,665	4,585	4,085
Akan	705	400	305	35	10	25
Angolan	1,010	480	530	10	10	0
Ashanti	1,055	535	515	25	10	10
Beninese	370	190	180	55	45	0
Burkinabe	100	40	55	20	10	10
Cameroonian	2,445	1,205	1,240	145	80	70
Chadian	185	95	90	10	10	0
Congolese	3,920	1,865	2,050	1,575	785	790
Edo	925	485	440	130	85	45
Ewe	160	90	70	15	10	10
Gabonese	50	10	35	25	20	10
Gambian	550	250	295	10	0	10
Ghanaian	19,995	9,485	10,510	380	220	170
Guinean	620	325	300	70	20	50
Ibo	1,460	760	705	435	205	225
Ivorian	615	285	330	120	45	75
Liberian	295	125	170	80	20	55
Malian	265	140	125	140	85	55
Malinké	225	105	120	35	20	10
Nigerian	18,855	9,540	9,310	3,860	2,130	1,735
Peulh	65	35	25	25	15	15
Senegalese	530	280	250	115	70	40
Sierra Leonean	815	400	410	320	155	165
Togolese	315	205	105	115	60	55
Wolof	45	20	20	25	10	15
Yoruba	2,735	1,460	1,275	1,050	540	510
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	2,785	1,365	1,420	545	260	285
North African origins	50,800	26,105	24,695	3,690	1,980	1,705
Algerian	1,650	810	840	100	35	60
Berber	665	360	305	150	90	55
Coptic	1,640	855	785	85	45	40
Dinka	15	10	0	30	25	10
Egyptian	33,855	17,375	16,475	1,335	720	620
Libyan	1,260	675	595	360	175	185
Maure	235	135	110	100	70	30
Moroccan	8,380	4,340	4,050	350	190	160
Sudanese	3,610	1,755	1,855	1,075	580	500
Tunisian	1,060	570	495	130	65	60
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	825	445	380	75	40	35
Southern and East African origins	78,235	37,260	40,970	10,500	5,420	5,080
Afrikaner	315	160	155	65	40	30
Amhara	490	235	255	140	100	45
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	285	160	125	150	90	65
Burundian	650	360	290	235	110	125
Djiboutian	210	100	110	45	30	15
Eritrean	7,555	3,650	3,910	2,300	1,240	1,055
Ethiopian	15,900	7,615	8,280	2,900	1,505	1,395
Harari	460	250	210	0	0	0
Kenyan	3,880	1,805	2,080	335	165	170
Malagasy	170	75	95	25	15	10
Mauritian	2,710	1,405	1,305	245	125	115
Oromo	830	370	460	325	185	140
Rwandan	1,065	475	590	300	145	155
Seychellois	150	60	95	45	20	30
Somali	25,400	11,755	13,650	1,740	900	845
South African	11,025	5,505	5,520	730	310	420
Tanzanian	1,820	910	910	90	55	30
Tigrian	415	210	200	320	200	120
Ugandan	1,935	930	1,005	255	125	130
Zambian	355	175	185	200	95	110
Zimbabwean	1,670	775	900	310	150	160
Zulu	185	100	90	30	15	10
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	5,190	2,250	2,940	440	230	210
Other African origins	75,020	35,540	39,485	6,670	3,350	3,325
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	10,710	4,630	6,080	825	405	415
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	65,110	31,290	33,825	5,925	2,965	2,965
Asian origins	2,352,765	1,139,965	1,212,805	178,655	88,885	89,765
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	317,140	160,115	157,025	11,850	6,130	5,715
Afghan	40,230	20,175	20,055	1,010	485	530
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	22,105	11,430	10,675	1,755	975	785
Armenian	20,645	10,010	10,635	495	250	250
Assyrian	7,240	3,690	3,550	40	30	10
Azerbaijani	3,280	1,595	1,685	55	35	20
Georgian	2,340	1,195	1,140	110	60	45
Hazara	510	270	240	0	0	0
Iranian	94,955	47,625	47,335	1,885	1,015	870
Iraqi	27,230	13,595	13,640	925	480	450
Israeli	14,170	7,315	6,855	775	410	360
Jordanian	5,115	2,755	2,365	235	100	135
Kazakh	940	410	525	335	185	145
Kurd	4,290	2,295	2,000	305	145	160
Kuwaiti	330	205	130	40	20	25
Kyrgyz	235	80	150	45	30	20
Lebanese	27,635	14,100	13,540	1,375	700	675
Palestinian	14,465	7,765	6,695	620	340	275
Pashtun	1,925	1,070	855	65	25	40
Saudi Arabian	1,600	840	760	170	95	70
Syrian	15,545	7,565	7,990	1,115	535	580
Tajik	1,390	640	750	55	20	40
Tatar	1,750	750	1,000	310	155	155
Turk	22,165	11,210	10,955	655	315	340
Turkmen	400	200	200	10	0	0
Uighur	540	255	285	10	10	0
Uzbek	1,670	820	850	70	45	20
Yemeni	2,450	1,145	1,305	100	45	55
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	9,695	5,005	4,690	305	145	155
South Asian origins	953,545	478,660	474,885	43,155	22,710	20,440
Bangladeshi	23,010	11,790	11,220	880	500	385
Bengali	12,255	6,260	5,995	200	115	85
Bhutanese	150	80	70	140	55	85
East Indian	618,685	310,525	308,160	34,470	18,110	16,355
Goan	3,840	1,770	2,075	50	30	30
Gujarati	4,775	2,475	2,295	220	120	100
Kashmiri	1,305	670	635	30	10	15
Nepali	5,350	2,630	2,720	500	250	250
Pakistani	113,270	57,500	55,770	3,370	1,795	1,575
Punjabi	45,820	23,605	22,215	3,830	1,995	1,840
Sinhalese	3,770	1,840	1,930	280	145	135
Sri Lankan	110,210	53,705	56,505	1,090	545	545
Tamil	38,690	19,580	19,110	245	145	105
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	47,545	24,110	23,435	725	415	305
East and Southeast Asian origins	1,103,325	511,400	591,925	124,100	60,175	63,925
Burmese	2,075	915	1,165	260	125	135
Cambodian (Khmer)	5,945	2,740	3,205	525	280	240
Chinese	684,395	324,960	359,435	30,150	14,980	15,170
Filipino	265,560	114,395	151,165	83,530	39,955	43,580
Hmong	50	25	25	0	0	0
Indonesian	5,845	2,710	3,130	530	265	265
Japanese	26,485	11,605	14,880	2,675	1,305	1,365
Karen	265	120	145	455	195	255
Korean	71,740	34,180	37,560	4,545	2,300	2,240
Laotian	3,805	1,880	1,930	1,730	820	910
Malaysian	5,335	2,510	2,825	470	240	230
Mongolian	1,890	855	1,035	150	60	90
Singaporean	1,005	455	550	20	10	10
Taiwanese	7,820	3,580	4,240	150	90	60
Thai	3,240	1,225	2,010	750	335	420
Tibetan	5,935	2,975	2,960	15	10	10
Vietnamese	71,425	33,860	37,565	5,850	2,915	2,935
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	3,220	1,585	1,640	145	70	80
Other Asian origins	9,945	4,905	5,040	575	320	260
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	9,945	4,905	5,040	575	320	260
Oceania origins	8,815	4,450	4,365	1,525	740	785
Australian	5,315	2,775	2,540	910	415	495
New Zealander	1,755	925	830	315	170	140
Pacific Islands origins	1,950	885	1,070	345	180	165
Fijian	1,170	490	685	80	45	30
Hawaiian	175	85	90	60	30	30
Maori	165	95	75	55	30	25
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	100	40	65	95	45	45
Samoan	95	45	45	25	0	15
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	330	155	175	65	30	35
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	1,967,560	...	...	489,050	...	...
Owner	1,276,425	...	...	336,170	...	...
Renter	691,140	...	...	140,260	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	12,620	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	1,967,560	...	...	489,050	...	...
Condominium	434,620	...	...	33,325	...	...
Not condominium	1,532,935	...	...	455,725	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	1,967,555	...	...	489,050	...	...
No bedrooms	24,005	...	...	3,745	...	...
1 bedroom	376,525	...	...	63,040	...	...
2 bedrooms	432,060	...	...	121,520	...	...
3 bedrooms	556,210	...	...	175,500	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	578,765	...	...	125,240	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	1,967,555	...	...	489,050	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	732,945	...	...	132,410	...	...
5 rooms	269,420	...	...	82,935	...	...
6 rooms	250,890	...	...	78,750	...	...
7 rooms	220,325	...	...	64,560	...	...
8 or more rooms	493,975	...	...	130,400	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.8	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	1,967,560	...	...	489,050	...	...
One person or fewer per room	1,876,310	...	...	473,625	...	...
More than 1 person per room	91,250	...	...	15,420	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	1,967,560	...	...	489,050	...	...
Suitable	1,767,780	...	...	456,365	...	...
Not suitable	199,770	...	...	32,680	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	1,967,560	...	...	489,050	...	...
1960 or before	413,230	...	...	142,200	...	...
1961 to 1980	529,935	...	...	158,180	...	...
1981 to 1990	279,160	...	...	65,190	...	...
1991 to 2000	246,640	...	...	42,740	...	...
2001 to 2005	179,090	...	...	20,815	...	...
2006 to 2010	163,020	...	...	27,880	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	156,485	...	...	32,035	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	1,967,560	...	...	489,050	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	1,858,255	...	...	444,995	...	...
Major repairs needed	109,300	...	...	44,055	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	1,967,560	...	...	489,050	...	...
1 household maintainer	1,124,090	...	...	290,830	...	...
2 household maintainers	759,115	...	...	187,775	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	84,350	...	...	10,445	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	1,967,560	...	...	489,050	...	...
15 to 24 years	47,450	...	...	17,240	...	...
25 to 34 years	277,355	...	...	74,950	...	...
35 to 44 years	371,615	...	...	84,800	...	...
45 to 54 years	454,610	...	...	95,135	...	...
55 to 64 years	381,365	...	...	96,255	...	...
65 to 74 years	242,735	...	...	67,475	...	...
75 to 84 years	137,935	...	...	37,760	...	...
85 years and over	54,490	...	...	15,440	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	1,964,415	...	...	461,870	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	1,292,415	...	...	373,860	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	671,995	...	...	88,010	...	...
30% to less than 100%	553,740	...	...	76,075	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,276,365	...	...	324,120	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	62.6	...	...	60.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	27.3	...	...	11.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,649	...	...	973	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,755	...	...	1,085	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	648,719	...	...	275,473	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	743,131	...	...	297,444	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	691,125	...	...	138,905	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	14.7	...	...	19.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	46.9	...	...	36.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,207	...	...	868	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,263	...	...	891	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	4,485,730	2,151,895	2,333,830	1,001,305	491,580	509,725
No certificate, diploma or degree	730,915	345,155	385,765	220,390	116,570	103,820
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	1,147,670	564,185	583,480	296,355	147,040	149,320
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,607,140	1,242,555	1,364,580	484,555	227,975	256,585
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	190,445	124,915	65,530	77,000	54,090	22,910
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	105,015	61,850	43,165	37,490	21,985	15,500
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	85,425	63,060	22,360	39,515	32,110	7,410
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	756,515	330,560	425,950	177,620	72,785	104,840
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	126,335	56,415	69,925	28,940	12,075	16,860
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	1,533,855	730,670	803,185	200,990	89,020	111,970
Bachelor's degree	1,009,045	465,915	543,125	143,780	61,350	82,430
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	100,985	46,510	54,480	16,040	6,675	9,365
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	42,640	21,280	21,355	6,105	3,515	2,595
Master's degree	335,240	168,965	166,270	29,305	13,830	15,470
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	45,945	28,000	17,945	5,765	3,645	2,115
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	3,020,615	1,447,205	1,573,410	654,670	323,300	331,370
No certificate, diploma or degree	292,270	146,320	145,950	94,310	54,700	39,610
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	647,655	324,200	323,455	182,335	93,000	89,330
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,080,685	976,680	1,104,005	378,030	175,595	202,435
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	129,450	84,010	45,440	53,800	38,185	15,620
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	71,910	41,985	29,930	25,955	15,460	10,490
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	57,540	42,030	15,510	27,850	22,725	5,125
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	589,090	256,645	332,445	137,930	57,445	80,485
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	94,740	42,000	52,740	21,215	8,995	12,220
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	1,267,410	594,025	673,385	165,085	70,970	94,115
Bachelor's degree	821,300	376,095	445,205	119,150	50,120	69,035
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	81,920	36,340	45,580	12,185	4,840	7,350
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	34,910	16,305	18,605	5,075	2,705	2,370
Master's degree	293,070	144,435	148,630	24,410	10,815	13,595
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	36,215	20,850	15,365	4,270	2,495	1,770
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	4,485,725	2,151,900	2,333,825	1,001,305	491,585	509,725
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	1,878,585	909,335	969,245	516,750	263,605	253,140
Education	130,685	26,640	104,045	44,855	11,705	33,145
13. Education	130,690	26,640	104,050	44,855	11,710	33,145
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	130,390	58,720	71,675	13,170	6,230	6,940
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	16,640	12,320	4,315	2,415	1,860	550
50. Visual and performing arts	113,755	46,395	67,360	10,755	4,365	6,390
Humanities	179,405	63,540	115,865	23,030	9,915	13,110
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	21,645	4,760	16,885	1,775	400	1,380
23. English language and literature/letters	50,845	14,640	36,205	3,905	1,110	2,795
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	53,905	18,055	35,845	7,065	2,820	4,240
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	870	385	475	60	25	30
38. Philosophy and religious studies	11,750	6,510	5,240	1,590	940	650
39. Theology and religious vocations	9,435	5,960	3,470	4,510	2,590	1,925
54. History	24,730	12,250	12,475	3,410	1,855	1,555
55. French language and literature/letters	6,240	970	5,265	705	175	530
Social and behavioural sciences and law	375,990	132,895	243,090	46,555	15,805	30,750
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	5,275	1,010	4,265	880	220	660
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	41,765	16,265	25,495	3,115	1,225	1,890
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	51,475	4,985	46,485	10,760	795	9,965
22. Legal professions and studies	64,720	25,805	38,915	7,130	2,365	4,760
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	6,200	1,435	4,760	955	305	650
42. Psychology	52,075	12,435	39,640	8,155	2,385	5,770
45. Social sciences	154,480	70,955	83,525	15,565	8,510	7,055
Business, management and public administration	635,290	286,145	349,150	95,115	34,865	60,255
30.16 Accounting and computer science	1,300	505	800	320	105	210
44. Public administration and social service professions	38,360	8,100	30,265	7,670	1,875	5,790
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	595,630	277,540	318,090	87,125	32,875	54,250
Physical and life sciences and technologies	126,840	59,465	67,380	16,120	8,165	7,950
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	53,350	21,080	32,270	6,625	2,990	3,640
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	31,225	13,705	17,520	4,325	2,285	2,040
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	2,340	735	1,605	470	70	395
40. Physical sciences	35,555	22,435	13,125	3,685	2,585	1,095
41. Science technologies/technicians	4,370	1,505	2,865	1,020	240	780
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	158,045	102,350	55,695	18,425	11,380	7,050
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	122,045	83,770	38,275	15,225	10,050	5,175
25. Library science	5,560	935	4,630	1,140	175	965
27. Mathematics and statistics	27,925	15,910	12,015	1,945	1,080	865
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	2,520	1,745	775	120	75	40
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	439,230	375,990	63,235	96,625	89,275	7,350
04. Architecture and related services	28,885	18,400	10,485	2,420	1,380	1,040
14. Engineering	199,695	158,560	41,140	16,205	13,530	2,675
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	73,645	65,980	7,665	17,815	15,975	1,845
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	100	25	75	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	53,550	52,345	1,200	22,160	21,705	450
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	55,235	53,715	1,525	27,485	26,650	830
48. Precision production	28,120	26,975	1,145	10,530	10,030	505
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	27,465	14,400	13,070	14,540	10,260	4,275
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	16,015	8,845	7,170	11,380	8,280	3,100
03. Natural resources and conservation	11,455	5,550	5,900	3,160	1,980	1,180
Health and related fields	303,620	74,055	229,570	87,795	16,505	71,290
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	24,245	12,480	11,765	4,105	1,945	2,155
51. Health professions and related programs	267,470	55,340	212,130	81,865	13,450	68,415
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	11,905	6,230	5,675	1,825	1,110	715
Personal, protective and transportation services	99,875	48,260	51,615	28,275	13,845	14,435
12. Personal and culinary services	62,940	19,925	43,010	16,750	4,095	12,655
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	365	330	35	90	85	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	480	455	25	240	230	10
43. Security and protective services	22,935	15,975	6,960	5,005	3,680	1,330
49. Transportation and materials moving	13,160	11,585	1,580	6,185	5,750	435
Other	295	100	195	60	30	35
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	290	95	195	60	25	35
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	3,020,615	1,447,205	1,573,415	654,670	323,300	331,375
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	939,930	470,525	469,405	276,645	147,710	128,935
Education	95,095	18,915	76,180	31,645	7,860	23,785
13. Education	95,100	18,915	76,185	31,650	7,865	23,785
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	104,620	47,155	57,465	10,350	4,875	5,475
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	12,780	9,495	3,285	1,815	1,335	480
50. Visual and performing arts	91,845	37,665	54,185	8,540	3,545	4,990
Humanities	139,350	48,065	91,290	17,250	7,370	9,880
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	17,015	3,465	13,545	1,485	330	1,155
23. English language and literature/letters	39,550	11,125	28,425	2,930	810	2,120
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	42,735	13,895	28,845	5,420	2,245	3,180
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	690	320	370	55	30	30
38. Philosophy and religious studies	9,135	5,110	4,030	1,230	715	515
39. Theology and religious vocations	6,935	4,370	2,560	3,255	1,835	1,420
54. History	18,705	9,180	9,525	2,365	1,275	1,090
55. French language and literature/letters	4,585	600	3,980	505	135	370
Social and behavioural sciences and law	304,820	105,350	199,465	38,120	12,380	25,740
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	4,315	850	3,470	740	185	555
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	34,495	13,470	21,020	2,575	965	1,610
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	39,405	3,515	35,890	8,805	605	8,195
22. Legal professions and studies	54,925	20,115	34,810	6,085	1,795	4,285
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	4,850	1,185	3,660	815	265	550
42. Psychology	40,890	9,305	31,585	6,370	1,720	4,645
45. Social sciences	125,945	56,905	69,040	12,730	6,835	5,895
Business, management and public administration	524,355	231,890	292,465	76,370	27,865	48,495
30.16 Accounting and computer science	1,095	405	685	270	95	175
44. Public administration and social service professions	30,890	6,455	24,440	6,145	1,335	4,810
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	492,370	225,035	267,335	69,950	26,440	43,510
Physical and life sciences and technologies	96,435	43,745	52,695	12,195	5,930	6,270
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	40,650	15,625	25,025	5,290	2,265	3,025
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	24,030	10,235	13,800	3,005	1,595	1,405
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	1,920	625	1,295	405	65	345
40. Physical sciences	26,590	16,240	10,350	2,805	1,855	950
41. Science technologies/technicians	3,245	1,020	2,225	690	150	545
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	140,470	91,425	49,045	15,955	9,965	5,985
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	111,605	76,680	34,920	13,600	9,015	4,585
25. Library science	3,950	715	3,235	790	135	650
27. Mathematics and statistics	22,690	12,525	10,165	1,465	760	700
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	2,235	1,505	725	100	60	45
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	338,415	284,970	53,445	73,680	67,440	6,240
04. Architecture and related services	23,725	14,720	9,010	2,025	1,160	865
14. Engineering	163,350	127,605	35,750	13,705	11,305	2,405
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	54,630	48,775	5,860	13,840	12,265	1,575
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	95	20	75	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	38,265	37,375	895	16,060	15,690	365
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	39,680	38,605	1,070	20,395	19,765	625
48. Precision production	18,670	17,870	795	7,655	7,250	405
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	21,845	11,015	10,830	11,450	7,800	3,645
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	12,520	6,515	6,005	8,760	6,170	2,590
03. Natural resources and conservation	9,325	4,500	4,820	2,695	1,635	1,060
Health and related fields	239,960	58,120	181,845	69,600	13,415	56,185
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	18,145	9,295	8,850	3,310	1,585	1,715
51. Health professions and related programs	212,380	44,170	168,205	64,870	11,020	53,850
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	9,440	4,655	4,785	1,430	810	620
Personal, protective and transportation services	75,070	35,955	39,115	21,365	10,660	10,705
12. Personal and culinary services	47,120	14,595	32,530	12,255	2,980	9,275
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	260	225	40	90	85	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	220	210	15	110	105	0
43. Security and protective services	17,030	11,690	5,345	4,025	2,945	1,080
49. Transportation and materials moving	10,430	9,235	1,190	4,885	4,545	340
Other	250	75	170	50	30	25
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	250	75	170	50	25	25
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	4,485,725	2,151,895	2,333,830	1,001,305	491,585	509,725
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,878,585	909,340	969,245	516,750	263,610	253,145
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	2,607,145	1,242,560	1,364,585	484,555	227,975	256,585
Location of study inside Canada	1,736,445	819,555	916,895	403,775	188,230	215,540
Same as province or territory of residence	1,599,135	752,170	846,965	352,390	162,050	190,340
Different than province or territory of residence	137,320	67,390	69,930	51,385	26,185	25,200
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	870,690	423,000	447,690	80,785	39,745	41,040
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	78,865	43,540	35,330	9,155	4,910	4,245
Philippines	93,650	32,815	60,840	26,450	11,595	14,860
India	137,910	69,690	68,220	10,365	5,300	5,070
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	54,970	30,515	24,455	4,180	2,350	1,825
China^{Census data footnote 162}	77,375	36,630	40,745	2,865	1,330	1,535
France	6,540	3,550	2,985	395	235	165
Other	421,380	206,260	215,120	27,375	14,030	13,345
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	3,020,615	1,447,200	1,573,410	654,670	323,300	331,375
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	939,930	470,525	469,405	276,640	147,705	128,935
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	2,080,685	976,680	1,104,005	378,035	175,595	202,440
Location of study inside Canada	1,382,850	646,575	736,280	309,655	142,710	166,950
Same as province or territory of residence	1,273,355	592,550	680,800	270,435	123,090	147,340
Different than province or territory of residence	109,500	54,015	55,480	39,225	19,615	19,610
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	697,835	330,110	367,725	68,375	32,885	35,485
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	62,760	33,745	29,020	6,215	3,005	3,210
Philippines	79,090	27,270	51,820	24,495	10,775	13,720
India	118,455	58,170	60,290	9,430	4,770	4,660
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	34,420	18,765	15,660	2,465	1,385	1,080
China^{Census data footnote 162}	65,240	30,415	34,825	2,630	1,210	1,420
France	5,490	2,965	2,530	340	195	145
Other	332,375	158,785	173,590	22,805	11,555	11,255
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	4,485,725	2,151,895	2,333,830	1,001,305	491,580	509,725
In the labour force	2,954,195	1,522,940	1,431,255	662,155	347,685	314,465
Employed	2,720,530	1,407,640	1,312,890	617,465	322,130	295,335
Unemployed	233,665	115,300	118,365	44,690	25,560	19,130
Not in the labour force	1,531,530	628,960	902,575	339,155	143,895	195,260
Participation rate	65.9	70.8	61.3	66.1	70.7	61.7
Employment rate	60.6	65.4	56.3	61.7	65.5	57.9
Unemployment rate	7.9	7.6	8.3	6.7	7.4	6.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	4,485,725	2,151,895	2,333,830	1,001,310	491,585	509,725
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	1,487,830	612,205	875,630	312,495	131,600	180,900
Worked	2,997,895	1,539,690	1,458,200	688,810	359,980	328,830
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	1,532,845	848,305	684,545	358,800	206,460	152,330
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	1,465,045	691,385	773,660	330,010	153,520	176,495
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.5	43.1	41.8	42.9	43.5	42.3
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	2,954,195	1,522,940	1,431,255	662,155	347,685	314,465
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	85,760	39,655	46,105	12,625	6,125	6,505
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	2,868,435	1,483,280	1,385,155	649,530	341,560	307,965
Employee	2,505,850	1,246,505	1,259,345	580,885	296,560	284,325
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	362,585	236,780	125,805	68,645	45,000	23,640
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	2,954,195	1,522,940	1,431,255	662,155	347,690	314,470
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	85,760	39,655	46,105	12,625	6,125	6,505
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	2,868,435	1,483,285	1,385,155	649,525	341,565	307,965
0 Management occupations	337,265	203,770	133,495	71,455	45,945	25,510
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	530,385	190,720	339,665	96,050	27,530	68,515
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	251,395	191,580	59,810	34,135	26,895	7,240
3 Health occupations	160,610	39,320	121,285	52,280	10,830	41,450
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	327,425	100,020	227,405	86,055	27,425	58,630
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	119,645	59,275	60,370	14,355	6,025	8,325
6 Sales and service occupations	676,065	313,535	362,530	144,490	62,735	81,760
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	309,545	287,595	21,945	102,660	97,500	5,160
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	17,960	14,720	3,235	18,400	14,490	3,910
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	138,155	82,740	55,415	29,650	22,180	7,475
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	2,954,195	1,522,940	1,431,255	662,155	347,685	314,465
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	85,760	39,655	46,100	12,625	6,120	6,500
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	2,868,435	1,483,285	1,385,150	649,525	341,560	307,965
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	5,115	2,965	2,150	28,680	20,765	7,920
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	3,950	2,680	1,270	5,460	4,830	635
22 Utilities	13,965	9,465	4,500	7,390	5,625	1,765
23 Construction	163,810	142,960	20,845	49,575	43,990	5,585
31-33 Manufacturing	256,170	167,975	88,200	54,645	40,800	13,845
41 Wholesale trade	128,255	79,360	48,890	21,890	16,040	5,850
44-45 Retail trade	307,460	146,985	160,480	69,700	33,960	35,740
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	153,930	113,255	40,675	35,490	28,350	7,145
51 Information and cultural industries	100,825	58,430	42,395	10,875	6,085	4,790
52 Finance and insurance	233,060	112,580	120,480	25,885	9,615	16,270
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	76,725	41,670	35,055	8,235	4,565	3,670
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	317,960	179,905	138,055	28,470	14,790	13,680
55 Management of companies and enterprises	7,965	3,375	4,595	635	250	380
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	148,930	81,450	67,475	22,285	13,105	9,170
61 Educational services	208,170	65,400	142,770	55,025	17,480	37,540
62 Health care and social assistance	265,290	54,875	210,415	93,960	18,345	75,615
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	57,575	30,415	27,165	12,980	6,620	6,360
72 Accommodation and food services	189,685	87,920	101,765	43,655	17,430	26,230
81 Other services (except public administration)	123,585	50,940	72,645	28,055	13,740	14,315
91 Public administration	106,010	50,680	55,330	46,645	25,180	21,465
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	2,720,530	1,407,640	1,312,890	617,465	322,125	295,335
Worked at home	196,035	100,435	95,595	42,530	23,485	19,050
Worked outside Canada	18,685	12,660	6,020	1,935	1,305	630
No fixed workplace address	311,760	220,515	91,245	68,420	52,715	15,710
Worked at usual place	2,194,055	1,074,025	1,120,030	504,580	244,620	259,960
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	2,194,050	1,074,025	1,120,025	504,580	244,620	259,960
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	1,297,375	591,205	706,165	384,465	181,650	202,820
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	196,715	97,810	98,905	50,350	23,760	26,580
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	694,925	381,990	312,935	66,495	37,055	29,435
Commute to a different province or territory	5,045	3,020	2,020	3,275	2,150	1,120
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	2,505,815	1,294,540	1,211,270	573,005	297,335	275,665
Car, truck, van - as a driver	1,509,390	870,970	638,420	431,755	237,860	193,895
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	139,630	49,845	89,785	40,595	14,520	26,070
Public transit	656,330	276,110	380,220	53,740	21,780	31,955
Walked	136,810	61,315	75,500	32,330	13,815	18,520
Bicycle	38,460	24,280	14,175	8,175	5,670	2,505
Other method	25,195	12,020	13,170	6,410	3,695	2,715
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	2,505,810	1,294,545	1,211,270	573,000	297,340	275,665
Less than 15 minutes	341,440	156,775	184,665	185,120	87,795	97,320
15 to 29 minutes	732,785	374,395	358,390	208,570	108,680	99,890
30 to 44 minutes	668,925	362,510	306,415	115,090	63,555	51,535
45 to 59 minutes	335,205	176,620	158,595	36,755	20,485	16,270
60 minutes and over	427,450	224,240	203,210	27,470	16,820	10,650
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	2,505,810	1,294,545	1,211,270	573,000	297,335	275,665
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	134,680	94,940	39,735	28,060	20,145	7,915
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	369,285	220,720	148,565	104,545	65,630	38,925
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	635,210	308,240	326,975	168,760	90,125	78,630
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	604,620	281,310	323,310	126,090	50,885	75,200
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	379,095	181,970	197,125	53,120	22,305	30,810
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	382,920	207,360	175,555	92,430	48,240	44,190
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	3,108,065	1,593,200	1,514,860	710,830	370,255	340,575
Single responses	3,030,280	1,555,755	1,474,515	702,445	366,000	336,445
Official languages	2,939,720	1,507,770	1,431,945	694,855	361,770	333,090
English	2,928,795	1,504,810	1,423,990	688,400	359,660	328,730
French	10,920	2,965	7,955	6,455	2,100	4,355
Non-official languages	90,555	47,985	42,570	7,590	4,235	3,360
Aboriginal languages	10	10	0	1,815	1,025	800
Algonquian languages	10	0	0	1,755	990	755
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	0	0	985	565	420
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	980	565	415
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	770	430	335
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	230	125	110
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	535	310	230
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	55	25	30
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	60	25	30
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	55	30	30
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	10
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	10	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	90,550	47,985	42,570	5,770	3,215	2,560
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,790	1,015	770	300	155	145
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	100	45	55	30	10	20
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	20	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	85	35	50	30	10	20
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,680	970	710	270	145	125
Amharic	55	20	35	15	0	10
Arabic	1,115	725	385	105	70	40
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	100	75	30	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	335	100	240	115	50	65
Maltese	20	15	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	45	25	15	35	25	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,770	735	1,030	140	35	100
Khmer (Cambodian)	45	25	20	0	0	0
Vietnamese	1,720	715	1,010	140	35	100
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	1,055	395	660	485	245	240
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	25	0	15	10	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ilocano	35	20	15	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	35	20	20	10	10	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	935	345	590	470	235	240
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	25	25	0	10	0	10
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	15	10	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	1,805	870	935	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	45	25	25	10	0	0
Tamil	1,735	840	890	0	0	0
Telugu	25	0	20	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	26,205	14,420	11,790	3,115	1,865	1,255
Albanian	210	125	90	0	0	0
Armenian	130	70	65	10	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	5,180	2,515	2,665	480	245	235
Baltic languages	55	20	35	0	0	0
Latvian	0	10	10	0	0	0
Lithuanian	45	20	30	0	0	0
Slavic languages	5,130	2,500	2,635	480	245	235
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	40	30	10	15	10	10
Bulgarian	110	75	40	0	0	0
Croatian	80	60	25	0	0	0
Czech	15	10	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	80	30	40	0	0	0
Polish	1,440	770	670	65	50	20
Russian	2,445	1,070	1,375	280	145	135
Serbian	165	105	55	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Slovak	50	30	15	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	680	290	390	110	40	70
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	355	140	220	1,300	790	505
Afrikaans	0	0	0	10	10	0
Danish	20	10	10	0	0	0
Dutch	60	40	20	40	10	30
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	220	65	150	950	585	370
Icelandic	10	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	10	10	10	0	10
Swedish	20	10	15	0	10	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	10	0	10	10	0
Yiddish	15	10	15	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	290	185	105
Greek	340	185	150	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	10,565	5,875	4,690	755	505	260
Indo-Aryan languages	8,150	4,360	3,790	685	455	225
Bengali	295	145	155	20	0	15
Gujarati	585	200	385	10	10	10
Hindi	710	340	370	40	40	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	10	10	0	0	0	0
Marathi	30	15	15	0	0	0
Nepali	55	20	35	10	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5,490	3,150	2,340	605	400	210
Sindhi	20	10	10	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	15	10	0	0	0
Urdu	935	465	470	10	0	10
Iranian languages	2,415	1,515	895	75	45	30
Kurdish	85	70	10	10	10	10
Pashto	15	10	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	2,320	1,440	880	65	45	20
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	9,410	5,505	3,910	580	330	245
Catalan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Italian	720	390	335	20	10	10
Portuguese	4,910	3,240	1,670	330	215	115
Romanian	220	95	125	10	10	0
Spanish	3,545	1,775	1,775	220	100	125
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Japanese	765	250	520	10	0	0
Kartvelian languages	10	10	10	0	0	0
Georgian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Korean	4,205	2,125	2,080	305	150	150
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	70	35	35	15	15	0
Akan (Twi)	20	0	15	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	20	15	10	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	10	0	0	0	10	0
Wolof	10	10	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	0	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	10	10	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	295	120	180	210	80	135
American Sign Language	195	50	140	155	65	95
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	105	65	40	55	15	45
Sino-Tibetan languages	51,785	27,560	24,220	1,170	650	515
Chinese languages	51,735	27,535	24,205	1,160	650	515
Cantonese	24,825	12,930	11,890	690	380	315
Hakka	35	10	30	0	0	0
Mandarin	25,715	14,005	11,710	440	255	185
Min Dong	30	20	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	220	145	75	10	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	25	20	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	890	405	480	25	10	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	50	30	25	10	10	10
Burmese	0	0	10	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	45	30	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	70	30	40	15	0	10
Lao	10	0	0	10	0	10
Thai	60	30	35	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	405	275	130	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	15	10	10	0	0	0
Turkish	385	260	125	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	10	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	290	130	160	0	0	0
Estonian	50	10	35	0	0	0
Finnish	35	10	30	0	0	0
Hungarian	205	115	95	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	77,785	37,445	40,340	8,390	4,255	4,125
English and French	15,535	6,000	9,535	2,655	1,150	1,505
English and non-official language	61,045	30,905	30,145	5,680	3,085	2,590
French and non-official language	75	45	35	10	0	0
English, French and non-official language	1,130	495	635	45	20	30
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	3,108,060	1,593,200	1,514,865	710,835	370,255	340,575
None	2,853,615	1,465,535	1,388,080	662,595	346,710	315,885
English	42,865	20,790	22,075	8,550	3,690	4,855
French	44,295	19,000	25,295	13,320	5,825	7,495
Non-official language	162,965	85,830	77,140	25,960	13,815	12,145
Aboriginal	125	30	90	6,500	3,245	3,255
Non-Aboriginal	162,840	85,790	77,050	19,460	10,575	8,890
English and French	85	40	45	10	0	10
English and non-official language	1,165	560	600	65	45	20
French and non-official language	3,050	1,430	1,620	335	160	175
English, French and non-official language	20	20	0	10	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	5,316,405	2,578,540	2,737,865	1,225,480	606,585	618,895
Non-movers	4,638,795	2,245,210	2,393,580	1,064,380	527,020	537,360
Movers	677,605	333,320	344,285	161,100	79,570	81,535
Non-migrants	411,950	201,845	210,100	105,090	52,025	53,065
Migrants	265,660	131,475	134,185	56,010	27,545	28,465
Internal migrants	163,550	80,665	82,885	41,305	20,285	21,020
Intraprovincial migrants	138,890	68,355	70,540	30,395	14,720	15,675
Interprovincial migrants	24,655	12,315	12,340	10,915	5,565	5,345
External migrants	102,110	50,810	51,300	14,705	7,260	7,445
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	5,092,400	2,463,705	2,628,690	1,161,240	573,310	587,930
Non-movers	3,128,180	1,505,965	1,622,210	718,640	355,585	363,050
Movers	1,964,220	957,740	1,006,480	442,600	217,725	224,875
Non-migrants	1,108,880	539,010	569,865	261,015	128,560	132,455
Migrants	855,345	418,730	436,615	181,585	89,165	92,420
Internal migrants	475,275	232,345	242,925	117,135	56,880	60,260
Intraprovincial migrants	411,920	201,625	210,295	86,295	41,295	45,000
Interprovincial migrants	63,350	30,720	32,630	30,840	15,580	15,260
External migrants	380,070	186,385	193,685	64,445	32,285	32,165

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Return to footnote 43 referrer

Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 180 referrer

Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 181 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Toronto [Population centre], Ontario and Manitoba [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 8, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Toronto [Population centre], Ontario and Manitoba [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Toronto [Population centre], Ontario and Manitoba [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Toronto [Population centre], Ontario and Manitoba [Province]