Census Profile, 2016 Census
Toronto [Population centre], Ontario and British Columbia [Province]

The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).

Characteristic	Toronto Ontario [Population centre]			British Columbia [Province]
	Data quality , Toronto [Population centre], Ontario  Map : Toronto [Population centre], Ontario Change geography 1			Data quality : British Columbia [Province]  Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016Census data footnote 1	5,429,524	...	...	4,648,055	...	...
Population, 2011Census data footnote 1	5,144,412 r	...	...	4,400,057	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	5.5	...	...	5.6	...	...
Total private dwellingsCensus data footnote 2	2,059,207	...	...	2,063,417	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residentsCensus data footnote 3	1,967,380	...	...	1,881,969	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	3,028.2	...	...	5.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	1,792.99	...	...	922,503.01	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% dataCensus data footnote 4	5,429,540	2,630,030	2,799,510	4,648,055	2,278,245	2,369,815
0 to 14 years	886,880	455,160	431,725	691,390	355,400	335,985
0 to 4 years	279,435	143,100	136,330	220,625	113,355	107,275
5 to 9 years	303,845	155,985	147,855	236,900	122,070	114,830
10 to 14 years	303,605	156,065	147,540	233,860	119,975	113,885
15 to 64 years	3,752,140	1,824,300	1,927,840	3,107,680	1,527,280	1,580,400
15 to 19 years	333,875	171,965	161,915	258,980	133,000	125,985
20 to 24 years	383,245	195,315	187,930	287,560	147,615	139,945
25 to 29 years	398,310	196,715	201,595	303,000	151,585	151,415
30 to 34 years	388,955	187,000	201,955	313,750	155,035	158,715
35 to 39 years	371,100	174,030	197,075	293,590	143,070	150,520
40 to 44 years	377,095	177,105	199,985	295,045	141,930	153,115
45 to 49 years	401,610	191,170	210,440	322,365	155,325	167,040
50 to 54 years	419,655	204,850	214,810	354,375	172,065	182,310
55 to 59 years	372,655	180,855	191,795	354,925	171,210	183,715
60 to 64 years	305,640	145,295	160,345	324,095	156,450	167,645
65 years and over	790,515	350,565	439,945	848,985	395,560	453,425
65 to 69 years	257,495	121,000	136,495	287,520	139,490	148,035
70 to 74 years	180,655	83,640	97,015	201,785	97,675	104,110
75 to 79 years	140,090	62,395	77,705	145,225	68,715	76,510
80 to 84 years	104,975	45,295	59,685	105,255	48,645	56,610
85 years and over	107,290	38,240	69,050	109,190	41,035	68,155
85 to 89 years	67,280	26,150	41,130	67,510	27,930	39,575
90 to 94 years	31,290	9,890	21,400	31,815	10,615	21,205
95 to 99 years	7,520	1,985	5,540	8,545	2,215	6,330
100 years and over	1,195	220	980	1,325	275	1,050
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.3	17.3	15.4	14.9	15.6	14.2
15 to 64 years	69.1	69.4	68.9	66.9	67.0	66.7
65 years and over	14.6	13.3	15.7	18.3	17.4	19.1
85 years and over	2.0	1.5	2.5	2.3	1.8	2.9
Average age of the population	39.8	38.7	40.7	42.3	41.5	43.1
Median age of the population	39.4	38.1	40.4	43.0	41.9	44.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% dataCensus data footnote 5	1,967,380	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
Single-detached house	721,585	...	...	830,660	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	622,945	...	...	177,830	...	...
Other attached dwellingCensus data footnote 6	622,360	...	...	824,190	...	...
Semi-detached house	148,745	...	...	57,395	...	...
Row house	178,590	...	...	147,830	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	85,880	...	...	230,075	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	205,820	...	...	385,140	...	...
Other single-attached house	3,320	...	...	3,755	...	...
Movable dwellingCensus data footnote 7	495	...	...	49,290	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% dataCensus data footnote 8	1,967,380	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
1 person	492,315	...	...	541,910	...	...
2 persons	547,370	...	...	663,770	...	...
3 persons	343,060	...	...	277,690	...	...
4 persons	340,325	...	...	243,125	...	...
5 or more persons	244,310	...	...	155,470	...	...
Number of persons in private households	5,370,520	...	...	4,560,240	...	...
Average household size	2.7	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% dataCensus data footnote 9	4,542,655	2,174,870	2,367,785	3,956,665	1,922,840	2,033,825
Married or living common law	2,503,410	1,251,495	1,251,915	2,297,325	1,146,175	1,151,150
Married	2,243,340	1,119,090	1,124,250	1,925,345	959,690	965,645
Living common law	260,075	132,405	127,665	371,985	186,485	185,505
Not married and not living common law	2,039,245	923,375	1,115,870	1,659,335	776,660	882,675
Never married	1,439,665	744,990	694,675	1,076,085	582,975	493,110
Separated	119,725	46,900	72,830	105,700	45,225	60,475
Divorced	253,000	90,060	162,945	263,870	103,475	160,395
Widowed	226,850	41,430	185,420	213,685	44,990	168,700
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% dataCensus data footnote 10	1,481,755	...	...	1,311,340	...	...
2 persons	623,865	...	...	703,685	...	...
3 persons	365,285	...	...	275,965	...	...
4 persons	353,935	...	...	243,960	...	...
5 or more persons	138,675	...	...	87,730	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 11	1,481,755	...	...	1,311,345	...	...
Total couple families	1,208,530	...	...	1,113,405	...	...
Married couples	1,078,590	...	...	927,440	...	...
Common-law couples	129,945	...	...	185,960	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	273,230	...	...	197,940	...	...
Female parent	227,295	...	...	155,670	...	...
Male parent	45,930	...	...	42,265	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	1,208,530	...	...	1,113,400	...	...
Couples without children	461,640	...	...	577,790	...	...
Couples with children	746,890	...	...	535,610	...	...
1 child	286,260	...	...	221,065	...	...
2 children	330,465	...	...	230,705	...	...
3 or more children	130,170	...	...	83,840	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	273,225	...	...	197,940	...	...
1 child	162,225	...	...	125,890	...	...
2 children	79,025	...	...	54,900	...	...
3 or more children	31,980	...	...	17,145	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	875,705	394,065	481,640	882,895	418,495	464,405
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% dataCensus data footnote 12	1,967,380	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
One-census-family households	1,299,140	...	...	1,195,735	...	...
Without children in a census familyCensus data footnote 13	391,905	...	...	527,700	...	...
With children in a census familyCensus data footnote 14	907,235	...	...	668,035	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	87,660	...	...	55,620	...	...
Non-census-family households	580,575	...	...	630,620	...	...
One-person households	492,310	...	...	541,915	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	88,265	...	...	88,705	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% dataCensus data footnote 15	5,389,435	2,613,915	2,775,520	4,598,415	2,255,395	2,343,015
English only	4,700,275	2,324,460	2,375,810	4,127,770	2,050,130	2,077,645
French only	4,635	1,940	2,695	1,810	820	985
English and French	431,595	187,195	244,400	314,925	140,650	174,275
Neither English nor French	252,930	100,320	152,610	153,910	63,795	90,115
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% dataCensus data footnote 16	5,389,435	2,613,915	2,775,520	4,598,415	2,255,395	2,343,020
English	5,023,255	2,461,895	2,561,360	4,373,330	2,156,680	2,216,655
French	66,870	30,880	35,990	55,325	27,680	27,640
English and French	49,885	22,535	27,355	18,000	8,315	9,685
Neither English nor French	249,425	98,610	150,810	151,760	62,720	89,040
Official language minority (number)Census data footnote 17	91,815	42,145	49,670	64,325	31,840	32,480
Official language minority (percentage)Census data footnote 17	1.7	1.6	1.8	1.4	1.4	1.4
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% dataCensus data footnote 18	5,389,435	2,613,915	2,775,520	4,598,415	2,255,400	2,343,015
Single responses	5,163,885	2,504,960	2,658,915	4,494,995	2,205,775	2,289,220
Official languages	2,749,615	1,362,280	1,387,335	3,227,535	1,614,375	1,613,160
English	2,690,050	1,334,640	1,355,410	3,170,110	1,585,760	1,584,355
French	59,565	27,640	31,930	57,425	28,615	28,810
Non-official languages	2,414,265	1,142,680	1,271,580	1,267,460	591,400	676,060
Aboriginal languages	530	235	295	8,435	3,940	4,490
Algonquian languages	365	160	200	1,050	445	605
Blackfoot	10	5	0	40	5	35
Cree-Montagnais languages	100	35	65	840	375	465
Atikamekw	5	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	10	5	5	5	5	0
Naskapi	5	0	5	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	5	0	0	10	0	10
Plains Cree	5	0	5	150	60	85
Southern East Cree	0	0	5	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	25	5	15	25	15	10
Woods Cree	5	5	0	60	25	35
Cree, n.o.s.	50	15	35	585	270	320
Eastern Algonquian languages	30	10	15	10	5	10
Malecite	0	0	0	5	0	0
Mi'kmaq	25	10	15	10	5	5
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	225	105	120	155	55	105
Algonquin	5	0	5	5	5	0
Ojibway	195	95	100	135	50	90
Oji-Cree	10	5	5	10	0	10
Ottawa (Odawa)	10	0	10	5	0	5
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	25	10	15	2,310	1,045	1,260
Northern Athabaskan languages	20	5	10	2,295	1,045	1,250
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	110	55	55
Beaver	0	0	0	160	75	85
Carrier	5	5	0	1,005	460	550
Chilcotin	0	0	0	650	295	355
Dene	5	5	0	90	35	50
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	5	0	5	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	15	5	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	10	5	0	0	0	5
Sekani	0	0	0	85	40	45
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	75	30	45
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	5	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	20	5	15
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	50	25	30
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	105	45	50
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	15	10	5
Tahltan	0	0	0	90	40	50
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	5	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	5	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	15	5	10
Haida	5	0	0	70	30	40
Inuit languages	35	15	25	80	30	55
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Inuktitut	30	15	20	50	20	30
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	20	10	10
Iroquoian languages	20	5	15	15	10	5
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	15	5	10	10	5	5
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	100	55	50
Michif	5	0	5	35	20	10
Salish languages	0	5	0	2,270	1,115	1,155
Comox	0	0	0	80	45	40
Halkomelem	0	0	5	475	230	245
Lillooet	0	0	0	315	155	160
Okanagan	0	0	0	270	135	135
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	435	220	215
Squamish	0	0	0	35	20	20
Straits	0	0	0	80	40	40
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	330	150	185
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	250	130	120
Siouan languages	0	5	0	45	25	20
Dakota	0	0	0	30	15	20
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	5
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	30	15	15
Tsimshian languages	5	0	0	1,460	715	740
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	875	435	445
Nisga'a	0	0	0	385	195	190
Tsimshian	0	0	0	195	90	110
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	795	365	435
Haisla	0	0	0	90	40	55
Heiltsuk	5	0	0	100	45	55
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	320	140	180
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	5	0	275	135	140
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	10	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	75	40	40	190	80	110
Non-Aboriginal languages	2,413,740	1,142,445	1,271,290	1,259,025	587,455	671,570
Afro-Asiatic languages	134,720	67,180	67,540	24,870	13,405	11,465
Berber languages	210	120	85	115	75	45
Kabyle	100	50	45	40	30	15
Berber languages, n.i.e.	110	70	40	80	45	30
Cushitic languages	14,355	6,170	8,185	1,505	765	740
Bilen	75	45	35	5	0	0
Oromo	1,000	490	515	205	115	95
Somali	13,210	5,605	7,610	1,270	640	640
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	60	35	25	20	10	15
Semitic languages	119,800	60,705	59,100	23,195	12,540	10,655
Amharic	7,410	3,350	4,060	1,370	670	700
Arabic	81,030	41,680	39,345	17,480	9,595	7,890
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	9,715	4,745	4,970	650	315	330
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	1,760	880	875	440	245	200
Harari	925	440	485	20	5	15
Hebrew	10,220	5,460	4,760	2,065	1,125	940
Maltese	3,225	1,585	1,640	215	100	115
Tigrigna	4,690	2,145	2,545	805	395	405
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	835	415	415	150	80	65
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	355	185	170	55	30	25
Austro-Asiatic languages	49,620	22,650	26,970	28,740	13,170	15,575
Khmer (Cambodian)	2,850	1,285	1,570	1,560	710	850
Vietnamese	46,705	21,345	25,365	27,150	12,440	14,710
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	60	25	40	30	15	15
Austronesian languages	156,930	62,290	94,640	96,535	38,765	57,770
Bikol	455	200	255	375	165	215
Cebuano	4,960	1,980	2,980	4,065	1,565	2,505
Fijian	55	25	25	470	240	230
Hiligaynon	2,260	865	1,390	1,470	550	920
Ilocano	9,290	3,630	5,660	5,240	2,055	3,190
Malagasy	25	10	15	20	10	15
Malay	4,235	1,910	2,325	3,895	1,675	2,220
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	1,245	560	685	700	320	380
Pangasinan	455	185	270	295	130	170
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	132,655	52,415	80,230	78,770	31,550	47,220
Waray-Waray	310	100	205	215	85	135
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	995	400	595	1,015	435	580
Creole languages	5,370	2,505	2,870	840	440	400
Haitian Creole	200	95	105	35	20	15
Creole, n.o.s.	3,300	1,555	1,750	500	255	245
Creole languages, n.i.e.	1,870	850	1,015	305	155	145
Dravidian languages	128,815	63,390	65,420	7,500	3,995	3,510
Kannada	1,955	980	975	280	150	135
Malayalam	12,100	6,220	5,880	2,385	1,260	1,130
Tamil	105,815	51,355	54,455	3,615	1,875	1,740
Telugu	8,680	4,710	3,970	1,175	695	480
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	265	125	135	45	20	25
Hmong-Mien languages	25	10	15	140	75	70
Indo-European languages	1,297,780	627,740	670,040	588,175	286,135	302,035
Albanian	12,905	6,435	6,470	1,465	765	705
Armenian	12,190	5,880	6,310	1,195	600	600
Balto-Slavic languages	247,160	113,045	134,115	83,110	38,595	44,515
Baltic languages	5,180	2,060	3,120	1,070	485	585
Latvian	2,130	855	1,280	565	255	300
Lithuanian	3,045	1,210	1,840	505	225	280
Slavic languages	241,985	110,985	131,000	82,040	38,110	43,930
Belarusan	350	165	185	95	45	50
Bosnian	2,655	1,285	1,365	1,360	675	685
Bulgarian	6,735	3,245	3,490	2,025	955	1,070
Croatian	14,560	6,925	7,640	7,475	3,655	3,820
Czech	4,455	2,075	2,380	5,920	2,850	3,070
Macedonian	11,265	5,345	5,920	325	160	165
Polish	64,390	29,060	35,330	16,910	7,875	9,035
Russian	80,190	36,365	43,825	25,955	11,640	14,310
Serbian	20,780	10,105	10,675	7,045	3,600	3,450
Serbo-Croatian	2,355	1,100	1,255	1,395	670	725
Slovak	4,910	2,285	2,625	3,400	1,525	1,870
Slovene (Slovenian)	3,385	1,465	1,915	1,160	545	615
Ukrainian	25,480	11,325	14,155	8,630	3,730	4,900
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	465	240	230	345	175	170
Celtic languages	410	190	220	615	325	290
Scottish Gaelic	150	65	80	240	130	110
Welsh	125	50	75	280	145	135
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	135	70	60	95	50	45
Germanic languages	39,530	17,780	21,745	101,725	48,350	53,380
Afrikaans	885	430	455	3,260	1,655	1,610
Danish	1,270	565	705	4,665	2,280	2,385
Dutch	6,765	3,165	3,600	21,020	10,130	10,895
Frisian	100	45	55	295	145	145
German	25,400	11,270	14,130	66,885	31,525	35,360
Icelandic	85	40	40	275	135	145
Norwegian	345	155	190	2,005	970	1,035
Swedish	1,045	445	595	2,520	1,100	1,420
Vlaams (Flemish)	250	90	155	445	220	225
Yiddish	3,335	1,545	1,795	290	150	140
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	65	45	25
Greek	39,575	19,195	20,380	6,115	3,245	2,870
Indo-Iranian languages	567,140	285,560	281,580	297,800	147,830	149,970
Indo-Aryan languages	456,675	230,085	226,585	251,000	124,260	126,740
Bengali	37,850	19,030	18,815	3,180	1,665	1,510
Gujarati	62,495	31,320	31,175	6,895	3,290	3,605
Hindi	46,605	23,420	23,190	26,720	12,910	13,810
Kashmiri	260	135	125	65	35	25
Konkani	2,105	995	1,110	255	130	125
Marathi	4,350	2,215	2,140	620	325	295
Nepali	4,605	2,315	2,290	1,155	620	540
Oriya (Odia)	570	310	265	70	35	35
Punjabi (Panjabi)	165,565	84,145	81,415	198,805	98,525	100,285
Sindhi	5,585	2,605	2,980	1,675	780	895
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	7,580	3,660	3,920	1,675	845	830
Urdu	119,105	59,940	59,165	9,885	5,090	4,795
Iranian languages	108,615	54,495	54,125	46,390	23,355	23,035
Kurdish	2,710	1,515	1,195	1,765	945	825
Pashto	7,425	3,820	3,605	1,155	615	535
Persian (Farsi)	98,475	49,155	49,325	43,470	21,795	21,675
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	1,850	980	865	410	220	195
Italic (Romance) languages	378,865	179,655	199,210	96,135	46,430	49,710
Catalan	160	85	75	160	85	75
Italian	137,515	65,390	72,125	22,680	11,445	11,230
Portuguese	97,295	46,505	50,790	17,450	8,240	9,210
Romanian	23,740	11,070	12,670	8,730	4,250	4,480
Spanish	119,935	56,500	63,440	47,010	22,335	24,675
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	220	100	120	105	65	40
Japanese	9,440	3,285	6,150	21,350	7,195	14,150
Kartvelian languages	1,100	590	510	85	50	35
Georgian	1,100	590	510	85	50	40
Korean	53,940	24,750	29,190	52,160	23,495	28,670
Mongolic languages	345	160	190	360	150	205
Mongolian	345	155	190	360	155	210
Niger-Congo languages	23,670	11,085	12,580	3,725	1,875	1,850
Akan (Twi)	8,365	3,850	4,515	495	275	220
Bamanankan	55	25	30	10	5	5
Edo	1,015	410	605	85	50	35
Ewe	360	180	180	85	45	35
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	220	115	105	45	25	20
Ga	430	195	235	45	20	25
Ganda	500	240	265	90	45	45
Igbo	1,495	765	735	245	145	105
Lingala	375	175	195	80	30	45
Rundi (Kirundi)	350	165	185	115	50	60
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	375	165	205	155	70	80
Shona	655	305	340	215	100	115
Swahili	3,160	1,475	1,690	805	400	405
Wolof	160	85	75	50	25	25
Yoruba	3,265	1,650	1,610	330	185	150
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	2,885	1,285	1,600	885	410	480
Nilo-Saharan languages	340	185	155	340	175	165
Dinka	45	25	15	105	60	45
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	295	160	135	240	115	125
Sign languages	1,060	585	485	1,155	610	545
American Sign Language	360	195	165	470	230	240
Quebec Sign Language	5	0	5	5	0	5
Sign languages, n.i.e	700	385	315	690	380	305
Sino-Tibetan languages	507,190	235,560	271,630	410,920	187,725	223,190
Chinese languages	500,745	232,420	268,320	408,415	186,455	221,960
Cantonese	242,915	112,790	130,125	193,530	89,325	104,210
Hakka	6,385	2,865	3,525	2,325	1,010	1,315
Mandarin	223,015	103,800	119,215	186,325	84,370	101,955
Min Dong	760	365	395	230	105	120
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	11,360	5,250	6,115	11,210	4,995	6,215
Wu (Shanghainese)	5,220	2,345	2,875	4,540	1,995	2,545
Chinese, n.o.s.	10,895	4,915	5,980	10,050	4,570	5,480
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	190	95	95	205	85	120
Tibeto-Burman languages	6,445	3,140	3,305	2,500	1,265	1,230
Burmese	995	445	550	1,125	580	545
Karenic languages	270	130	140	815	395	425
Tibetan	4,855	2,395	2,460	330	175	160
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	330	170	160	230	120	110
Tai-Kadai languages	3,660	1,495	2,175	3,985	1,335	2,650
Lao	2,090	1,010	1,075	1,100	550	550
Thai	1,555	475	1,080	2,865	775	2,090
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	20	5	15	20	10	15
Turkic languages	16,295	8,475	7,810	4,140	2,295	1,845
Azerbaijani	1,590	855	740	530	290	235
Turkish	13,345	6,965	6,375	3,145	1,790	1,360
Uyghur	370	185	190	170	85	85
Uzbek	580	295	290	105	50	55
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	400	180	220	190	80	110
Uralic languages	22,500	10,030	12,465	13,490	6,285	7,205
Estonian	2,505	1,025	1,485	705	295	410
Finnish	2,135	845	1,290	3,760	1,555	2,200
Hungarian	17,855	8,160	9,690	9,025	4,435	4,590
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	935	480	455	500	280	225
Multiple responses	225,555	108,955	116,600	103,415	49,625	53,795
English and French	13,775	6,385	7,395	10,065	4,815	5,250
English and non-official language	199,835	97,180	102,650	89,135	42,820	46,315
French and non-official language	5,810	2,620	3,185	2,100	1,040	1,065
English, French and non-official language	6,135	2,770	3,370	2,115	950	1,165
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% dataCensus data footnote 19	5,389,430	2,613,915	2,775,520	4,598,415	2,255,395	2,343,015
Single responses	4,852,000	2,355,300	2,496,695	4,365,875	2,145,020	2,220,855
Official languages	3,440,400	1,687,780	1,752,620	3,648,500	1,807,825	1,840,675
English	3,412,630	1,674,945	1,737,680	3,631,700	1,799,625	1,832,075
French	27,770	12,830	14,940	16,795	8,195	8,605
Non-official languages	1,411,600	667,525	744,070	717,375	337,200	380,180
Aboriginal languages	155	75	75	1,565	765	795
Algonquian languages	75	40	35	105	50	55
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	5	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	25	15	10	85	40	45
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	5	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	15	10	10
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	5
Cree, n.o.s.	15	5	10	60	30	30
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	5	0	5	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	5	0	5	5	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	45	20	20	10	5	5
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	35	20	15	15	5	5
Oji-Cree	5	0	5	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	5	0	5	5	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	15	10	10	610	290	320
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	10	10	605	290	315
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Beaver	0	0	0	40	20	20
Carrier	0	0	0	245	110	130
Chilcotin	0	0	0	260	125	130
Dene	5	0	5	15	5	10
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	5	5	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	15	10	5
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	5	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	10	5	5
Inuit languages	10	5	5	10	5	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	10	10	0	10	0	5
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	5	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	15	10	5
Michif	0	0	0	0	5	0
Salish languages	0	0	5	275	130	150
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	50	20	30
Lillooet	0	0	0	25	15	15
Okanagan	0	0	0	85	35	45
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	50	30	20
Squamish	0	0	0	5	5	0
Straits	0	0	0	25	10	15
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	20	10	10
Siouan languages	0	0	0	15	10	5
Dakota	0	0	0	10	10	5
Stoney	0	0	0	5	5	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	405	215	195
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	310	155	155
Nisga'a	0	0	0	70	45	25
Tsimshian	0	0	0	25	15	10
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	75	40	35
Haisla	0	0	0	20	10	15
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	5	5	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	25	10	10
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	30	15	10
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	50	25	25	45	15	25
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,411,445	667,445	743,995	715,815	336,435	379,380
Afro-Asiatic languages	71,690	34,320	37,370	13,990	7,065	6,920
Berber languages	60	30	25	45	25	20
Kabyle	30	15	15	20	10	15
Berber languages, n.i.e.	35	15	15	25	15	10
Cushitic languages	8,365	3,525	4,840	770	355	415
Bilen	40	20	25	0	0	0
Oromo	545	255	295	90	50	45
Somali	7,750	3,240	4,510	665	300	360
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	30	10	15	15	5	10
Semitic languages	63,080	30,675	32,405	13,155	6,680	6,475
Amharic	3,805	1,675	2,130	600	275	320
Arabic	43,100	21,220	21,885	10,415	5,335	5,080
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	6,540	3,140	3,405	405	195	210
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	1,055	520	535	310	165	145
Harari	515	240	280	10	5	5
Hebrew	4,320	2,220	2,100	900	465	440
Maltese	835	380	455	15	5	10
Tigrigna	2,465	1,080	1,385	410	190	225
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	430	205	230	95	45	50
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	185	85	95	20	10	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	32,635	14,890	17,745	17,870	8,305	9,560
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,555	675	880	800	375	420
Vietnamese	31,045	14,200	16,840	17,055	7,920	9,130
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	35	15	20	15	10	5
Austronesian languages	71,195	30,350	40,850	40,605	17,945	22,660
Bikol	80	35	45	75	30	35
Cebuano	1,850	800	1,055	1,305	585	715
Fijian	10	5	5	110	65	55
Hiligaynon	755	325	435	415	175	240
Ilocano	3,400	1,455	1,940	1,615	695	930
Malagasy	10	5	10	10	5	10
Malay	1,380	670	715	1,120	510	605
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	385	175	210	150	70	80
Pangasinan	80	35	40	55	25	30
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	62,885	26,685	36,200	35,375	15,600	19,770
Waray-Waray	75	30	45	55	25	35
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	280	130	150	310	150	160
Creole languages	2,790	1,290	1,505	335	150	180
Haitian Creole	120	55	65	0	0	5
Creole, n.o.s.	1,915	885	1,030	235	105	130
Creole languages, n.i.e.	760	350	410	95	50	45
Dravidian languages	85,480	41,250	44,230	3,940	1,995	1,940
Kannada	805	405	400	110	55	60
Malayalam	6,220	3,175	3,045	1,225	615	605
Tamil	73,640	35,095	38,550	2,055	1,025	1,030
Telugu	4,720	2,535	2,185	535	295	240
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	95	40	55	15	5	10
Hmong-Mien languages	5	5	5	55	25	30
Indo-European languages	695,550	333,855	361,695	282,090	137,135	144,955
Albanian	6,225	3,115	3,110	695	335	360
Armenian	7,350	3,475	3,875	545	240	305
Balto-Slavic languages	129,425	60,445	68,980	31,640	15,150	16,490
Baltic languages	1,600	660	935	210	90	115
Latvian	575	235	340	80	30	50
Lithuanian	1,025	430	595	125	60	65
Slavic languages	127,825	59,780	68,045	31,430	15,060	16,370
Belarusan	125	60	60	15	5	5
Bosnian	1,300	630	675	595	300	300
Bulgarian	3,775	1,840	1,935	1,035	485	550
Croatian	5,360	2,565	2,800	2,235	1,055	1,180
Czech	1,345	650	695	1,595	800	795
Macedonian	4,745	2,250	2,495	150	75	75
Polish	31,135	14,470	16,660	5,690	2,720	2,970
Russian	51,855	24,065	27,785	13,310	6,290	7,020
Serbian	11,975	5,800	6,175	3,695	1,870	1,825
Serbo-Croatian	915	430	490	500	235	265
Slovak	2,185	1,065	1,120	1,000	480	520
Slovene (Slovenian)	825	355	475	145	65	85
Ukrainian	12,150	5,545	6,605	1,430	665	765
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	130	55	75	40	20	20
Celtic languages	60	30	25	70	40	30
Scottish Gaelic	25	10	10	35	20	10
Welsh	10	10	5	25	10	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	5	5	5
Germanic languages	4,725	2,150	2,580	14,430	6,870	7,555
Afrikaans	250	110	135	1,475	715	760
Danish	120	50	65	305	145	160
Dutch	550	255	295	1,895	890	1,005
Frisian	5	0	5	10	5	5
German	3,145	1,410	1,735	10,085	4,795	5,295
Icelandic	20	5	15	75	35	35
Norwegian	40	15	20	140	60	80
Swedish	215	100	115	360	170	195
Vlaams (Flemish)	25	15	10	50	30	20
Yiddish	350	175	175	10	10	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	15	5	5
Greek	16,600	7,760	8,845	2,010	975	1,035
Indo-Iranian languages	355,150	175,850	179,300	194,590	95,380	99,215
Indo-Aryan languages	282,005	140,240	141,765	164,185	80,610	83,575
Bengali	24,325	12,005	12,325	1,815	895	920
Gujarati	37,390	18,335	19,060	2,970	1,320	1,645
Hindi	23,355	11,620	11,735	12,310	5,890	6,425
Kashmiri	45	20	25	10	5	5
Konkani	430	205	225	40	25	25
Marathi	1,955	1,005	950	270	140	130
Nepali	3,040	1,540	1,500	665	345	320
Oriya (Odia)	270	135	140	35	20	15
Punjabi (Panjabi)	112,680	56,685	55,995	139,080	68,565	70,515
Sindhi	2,405	1,100	1,310	615	270	345
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	3,440	1,685	1,760	675	330	340
Urdu	72,660	35,910	36,745	5,705	2,825	2,880
Iranian languages	72,405	35,235	37,170	30,205	14,665	15,540
Kurdish	1,440	780	660	1,080	540	535
Pashto	4,695	2,355	2,340	700	350	350
Persian (Farsi)	66,275	32,095	34,175	28,420	13,765	14,660
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	740	375	360	200	100	100
Italic (Romance) languages	176,010	81,040	94,970	38,110	18,145	19,970
Catalan	80	40	40	65	35	35
Italian	48,970	20,920	28,055	5,200	2,245	2,955
Portuguese	48,110	23,050	25,055	6,725	3,140	3,580
Romanian	11,610	5,390	6,225	3,800	1,830	1,970
Spanish	67,175	31,610	35,565	22,310	10,900	11,410
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	65	30	35	20	5	10
Japanese	4,480	1,915	2,565	9,860	4,070	5,790
Kartvelian languages	745	405	335	30	15	10
Georgian	740	405	340	30	15	15
Korean	37,770	17,625	20,140	38,605	17,785	20,820
Mongolic languages	200	105	100	170	80	90
Mongolian	205	105	100	165	80	85
Niger-Congo languages	8,870	3,960	4,905	960	430	530
Akan (Twi)	4,015	1,740	2,280	150	80	65
Bamanankan	15	5	10	5	5	5
Edo	295	120	175	15	10	10
Ewe	90	40	50	20	5	10
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	75	35	40	20	5	10
Ga	145	65	80	5	5	0
Ganda	150	70	85	10	5	5
Igbo	410	205	205	40	20	15
Lingala	90	40	55	35	15	20
Rundi (Kirundi)	125	60	65	55	20	40
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	115	50	65	60	25	35
Shona	225	105	115	65	25	40
Swahili	1,230	540	685	200	90	115
Wolof	75	45	35	20	10	10
Yoruba	1,070	515	555	60	30	35
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	730	330	400	200	85	120
Nilo-Saharan languages	85	45	45	140	60	75
Dinka	10	5	5	55	30	20
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	75	40	35	85	30	55
Sign languages	1,660	965	700	1,535	850	685
American Sign Language	555	295	260	455	230	225
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	1,105	660	440	1,080	615	460
Sino-Tibetan languages	378,605	177,030	201,575	299,420	137,555	161,865
Chinese languages	374,020	174,765	199,255	297,675	136,670	161,000
Cantonese	179,480	82,480	97,000	137,075	62,545	74,525
Hakka	2,675	1,215	1,465	700	295	410
Mandarin	176,695	84,105	92,590	146,435	67,695	78,740
Min Dong	240	105	135	65	25	35
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	4,980	2,280	2,700	4,820	2,185	2,630
Wu (Shanghainese)	3,090	1,450	1,640	2,595	1,195	1,400
Chinese, n.o.s.	6,775	3,100	3,675	5,885	2,680	3,205
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	85	35	45	105	45	55
Tibeto-Burman languages	4,585	2,260	2,325	1,745	885	865
Burmese	570	260	305	720	375	350
Karenic languages	210	105	110	725	355	370
Tibetan	3,700	1,835	1,860	205	110	90
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	105	55	50	90	45	45
Tai-Kadai languages	1,530	715	810	1,380	595	785
Lao	970	470	495	460	225	235
Thai	550	240	305	920	370	545
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	10	0	5	10	5	5
Turkic languages	9,285	4,650	4,635	1,695	880	815
Azerbaijani	640	325	315	195	105	95
Turkish	7,975	3,980	3,995	1,310	685	630
Uyghur	215	110	100	95	50	50
Uzbek	310	165	145	45	25	20
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	145	70	75	40	20	25
Uralic languages	8,560	3,920	4,640	3,005	1,415	1,590
Estonian	630	230	395	95	40	55
Finnish	415	180	240	725	325	400
Hungarian	7,515	3,505	4,010	2,185	1,050	1,130
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	320	165	155	145	70	75
Multiple responses	537,435	258,615	278,825	232,540	110,375	122,165
English and French	12,185	5,585	6,600	6,155	2,970	3,185
English and non-official language	512,690	247,515	265,170	222,670	105,750	116,920
French and non-official language	2,330	1,030	1,300	650	290	360
English, French and non-official language	10,240	4,485	5,750	3,065	1,365	1,700
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% dataCensus data footnote 20	5,389,435	2,613,915	2,775,520	4,598,415	2,255,400	2,343,015
None	4,059,895	1,975,765	2,084,135	3,931,210	1,940,390	1,990,820
English	573,230	280,980	292,255	274,535	132,990	141,545
French	48,015	20,920	27,090	41,020	18,435	22,590
Non-official language	683,225	324,520	358,710	340,930	158,590	182,345
Aboriginal	435	185	250	7,985	3,765	4,215
Non-Aboriginal	682,790	324,330	358,460	332,945	154,820	178,125
English and French	3,820	1,765	2,055	1,195	545	650
English and non-official language	13,105	6,410	6,695	5,660	2,655	3,005
French and non-official language	7,895	3,445	4,455	3,765	1,745	2,020
English, French and non-official language	250	115	135	100	45	50
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 21	4,485,350	2,151,700	2,333,645	3,870,330	1,882,865	1,987,460
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	4,254,740	2,041,845	2,212,895	3,727,360	1,815,500	1,911,860
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,014	35,486	27,686	33,012	40,370	27,543
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	4,255,435	2,042,025	2,213,410	3,731,980	1,819,375	1,912,600
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,692	32,291	25,941	29,783	35,383	25,659
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	3,735,375	1,836,390	1,898,990	3,363,310	1,665,225	1,698,085
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,152	37,338	27,784	31,585	39,557	25,304
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	3,068,395	1,352,495	1,715,905	2,628,215	1,140,195	1,488,025
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	2,123	998	3,741	4,592	3,717	4,920
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	3,153,650	1,595,810	1,557,845	2,775,010	1,415,295	1,359,715
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,317	38,641	30,510	31,713	39,186	26,034
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 22	4,485,725	2,151,900	2,333,830	3,870,375	1,882,770	1,987,605
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	4,255,475	2,041,985	2,213,490	3,727,715	1,815,380	1,912,335
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	50,118	59,794	41,191	45,616	54,797	36,901
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	4,256,160	2,042,200	2,213,965	3,732,420	1,819,290	1,913,130
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,278	46,588	34,458	37,922	44,282	31,874
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	3,735,945	1,836,465	1,899,480	3,362,835	1,664,850	1,697,985
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	51,862	62,449	41,625	44,933	54,787	35,271
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	3,068,135	1,352,300	1,715,830	2,628,230	1,139,390	1,488,840
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,363	5,481	7,058	7,207	7,255	7,171
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	3,153,965	1,596,085	1,557,885	2,775,010	1,415,100	1,359,910
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	51,662	60,906	42,192	43,339	52,171	34,149
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 23	4,485,730	2,151,895	2,333,830	3,870,375	1,882,770	1,987,605
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 24	1,488,180	818,260	669,925	1,147,070	652,115	494,950
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)Census data footnote 25	55,941	60,166	51,725	53,940	61,004	47,039
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)Census data footnote 26	74,842	84,302	63,286	64,625	72,840	53,801
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% dataCensus data footnote 27	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)Census data footnote 28	90.8	93.9	86.7	88.9	91.7	84.9
Employment income (%)Census data footnote 29	76.3	79.6	72.0	70.8	74.4	65.8
Government transfers (%)Census data footnote 30	9.2	6.1	13.3	11.1	8.3	15.1
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 31	4,485,350	2,151,700	2,333,645	3,870,330	1,882,865	1,987,460
Without total income	230,610	109,860	120,750	142,970	67,370	75,600
With total income	4,254,740	2,041,845	2,212,895	3,727,360	1,815,505	1,911,860
Percentage with total income	94.9	94.9	94.8	96.3	96.4	96.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	763,555	347,080	416,480	573,315	240,120	333,195
$10,000 to $19,999	770,435	327,705	442,735	653,915	262,225	391,685
$20,000 to $29,999	545,305	236,955	308,355	503,290	209,095	294,195
$30,000 to $39,999	426,865	193,445	233,420	424,330	188,860	235,470
$40,000 to $49,999	371,190	172,520	198,670	366,220	173,020	193,200
$50,000 to $59,999	294,250	143,010	151,240	286,310	148,095	138,215
$60,000 to $69,999	231,875	119,655	112,220	222,975	129,400	93,580
$70,000 to $79,999	181,995	98,550	83,450	171,625	103,795	67,830
$80,000 to $89,999	144,615	80,165	64,445	134,090	83,100	50,990
$90,000 to $99,999	122,530	65,300	57,230	96,825	62,825	34,005
$100,000 and over	402,130	257,465	144,665	294,475	214,980	79,500
$100,000 to $149,999	244,815	148,925	95,890	198,355	142,260	56,095
$150,000 and over	157,310	108,540	48,770	96,115	72,715	23,405
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 32	4,485,345	2,151,705	2,333,645	3,870,330	1,882,870	1,987,460
Without after-tax income	229,915	109,680	120,235	138,350	63,495	74,855
With after-tax income	4,255,435	2,042,025	2,213,415	3,731,980	1,819,375	1,912,605
Percentage with after-tax income	94.9	94.9	94.8	96.4	96.6	96.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	776,015	351,385	424,630	597,310	253,480	343,835
$10,000 to $19,999	800,145	341,855	458,290	686,510	280,490	406,015
$20,000 to $29,999	622,175	273,000	349,175	593,490	252,075	341,415
$30,000 to $39,999	506,890	233,435	273,455	495,200	226,080	269,120
$40,000 to $49,999	428,590	204,910	223,685	402,535	200,565	201,965
$50,000 to $59,999	313,515	160,735	152,780	293,450	167,870	125,585
$60,000 to $69,999	229,640	125,710	103,935	210,085	128,000	82,080
$70,000 to $79,999	176,635	96,460	80,175	151,775	95,230	56,545
$80,000 and over	401,835	254,535	147,295	301,635	215,590	86,045
$80,000 to $89,999	118,825	67,420	51,400	94,700	64,330	30,370
$90,000 to $99,999	71,215	44,080	27,140	59,050	42,050	17,000
$100,000 and over	211,795	143,035	68,760	147,885	109,215	38,670
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 33	4,485,345	2,151,705	2,333,645	3,870,330	1,882,865	1,987,460
Without employment income	1,331,700	555,895	775,805	1,095,320	467,570	627,745
With employment income	3,153,650	1,595,805	1,557,845	2,775,010	1,415,295	1,359,715
Percentage with employment income	70.3	74.2	66.8	71.7	75.2	68.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	396,680	186,410	210,270	441,080	204,275	236,810
$5,000 to $9,999	263,610	119,885	143,725	212,715	90,015	122,705
$10,000 to $19,999	435,350	205,860	229,490	371,875	160,350	211,525
$20,000 to $29,999	343,395	158,605	184,785	309,470	135,945	173,525
$30,000 to $39,999	309,985	145,840	164,145	282,045	126,870	155,180
$40,000 to $49,999	283,815	135,050	148,765	253,810	118,870	134,935
$50,000 to $59,999	231,700	117,150	114,550	203,885	107,605	96,280
$60,000 to $69,999	185,380	98,655	86,730	163,740	98,205	65,535
$70,000 to $79,999	148,890	83,255	65,635	132,340	82,120	50,220
$80,000 and over	554,845	345,095	209,755	404,040	291,050	112,990
$80,000 to $89,999	121,685	69,155	52,525	106,680	67,815	38,860
$90,000 to $99,999	108,555	57,950	50,600	76,470	51,990	24,480
$100,000 and over	324,605	217,980	106,625	220,890	171,245	49,645
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% dataCensus data footnote 34	1,967,380	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	76,518	...	...	69,995	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	67,196	...	...	61,280	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	492,315	...	...	541,915	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	39,284	...	...	35,701	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	35,101	...	...	31,899	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	1,475,070	...	...	1,340,055	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	92,630	...	...	88,466	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	81,323	...	...	77,108	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 35	1,967,555	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	108,395	...	...	90,354	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	87,128	...	...	75,209	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	492,475	...	...	541,925	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	55,739	...	...	46,696	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	44,666	...	...	39,091	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	1,475,085	...	...	1,340,045	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	125,975	...	...	108,010	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	101,304	...	...	89,816	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 36	1,967,380	...	...	1,881,965	...	...
Under $5,000	45,670	...	...	43,415	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	31,255	...	...	27,140	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	48,970	...	...	55,745	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	72,860	...	...	77,565	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	69,080	...	...	78,695	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	71,255	...	...	72,985	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	72,655	...	...	78,080	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	74,045	...	...	78,395	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	73,960	...	...	76,775	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	72,565	...	...	75,860	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	140,110	...	...	143,475	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	131,050	...	...	132,845	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	121,160	...	...	122,350	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	111,745	...	...	111,350	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	102,675	...	...	99,420	...	...
$100,000 and over	728,325	...	...	607,855	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	205,845	...	...	198,140	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	149,570	...	...	138,420	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	178,280	...	...	149,210	...	...
$200,000 and over	194,630	...	...	122,080	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 32	1,967,380	...	...	1,881,965	...	...
Under $5,000	48,175	...	...	46,350	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	31,565	...	...	27,605	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	49,785	...	...	56,780	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	75,575	...	...	80,315	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	75,690	...	...	89,795	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	78,360	...	...	88,035	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	82,540	...	...	93,640	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	87,000	...	...	92,220	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	89,295	...	...	91,635	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	87,435	...	...	88,520	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	167,070	...	...	165,685	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	152,470	...	...	150,650	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	139,615	...	...	136,430	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	123,875	...	...	118,520	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	106,420	...	...	101,185	...	...
$100,000 and over	572,520	...	...	454,595	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	204,555	...	...	187,490	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	133,630	...	...	111,260	...	...
$150,000 and over	234,340	...	...	155,845	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 37	1,418,695	...	...	1,276,275	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	92,279	...	...	88,451	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	80,950	...	...	77,002	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.3	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	381,755	...	...	519,030	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	83,997	...	...	80,788	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	73,015	...	...	70,464	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	745,680	...	...	536,175	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	112,062	...	...	111,736	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	97,348	...	...	96,176	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.1	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	240,690	...	...	179,945	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	56,356	...	...	51,056	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	52,125	...	...	46,668	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 38	1,418,175	...	...	1,275,865	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	126,555	...	...	108,241	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	101,479	...	...	89,792	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	381,845	...	...	518,295	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	120,732	...	...	100,772	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	94,620	...	...	83,021	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	746,125	...	...	536,580	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	148,376	...	...	131,213	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	118,509	...	...	108,407	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	239,190	...	...	179,615	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	73,147	...	...	63,004	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	62,554	...	...	54,655	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 21	710,010	335,120	374,890	768,855	373,390	395,465
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)Census data footnote 39	32,181	32,948	31,573	31,255	33,342	29,674
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)Census data footnote 39	29,543	30,010	29,180	28,320	29,815	27,221
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 40	708,525	333,920	374,605	766,660	371,595	395,060
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)Census data footnote 41	47,700	50,146	45,520	41,666	44,615	38,892
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)Census data footnote 41	38,832	40,028	37,766	35,191	37,100	33,395
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% dataCensus data footnote 42	5,370,515	2,605,995	2,764,520	4,560,235	2,237,490	2,322,745
In the bottom half of the distribution	2,635,600	1,252,915	1,382,690	2,265,245	1,078,695	1,186,555
In the bottom decile	626,795	302,630	324,165	537,405	258,275	279,140
In the second decile	553,235	255,400	297,840	449,395	205,320	244,075
In the third decile	503,590	237,300	266,285	420,355	198,845	221,510
In the fourth decile	478,745	228,975	249,770	422,805	203,710	219,095
In the fifth decile	473,240	228,615	244,630	435,290	212,555	222,735
In the top half of the distribution	2,734,920	1,353,085	1,381,835	2,294,990	1,158,795	1,136,195
In the sixth decile	476,880	231,510	245,375	442,070	218,225	223,845
In the seventh decile	489,145	239,025	250,120	451,795	226,240	225,555
In the eighth decile	516,090	254,485	261,605	462,900	233,935	228,970
In the ninth decile	568,130	282,000	286,135	473,535	241,165	232,375
In the top decile	684,665	346,070	338,600	464,685	239,235	225,450
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% dataCensus data footnote 43	5,370,520	2,605,995	2,764,525	4,477,875	2,196,415	2,281,460
0 to 17 years	1,077,570	553,445	524,125	822,390	422,685	399,710
0 to 5 years	337,255	172,765	164,490	260,110	133,670	126,445
18 to 64 years	3,542,115	1,714,060	1,828,055	2,876,495	1,404,390	1,472,105
65 years and over	750,830	338,490	412,345	778,990	369,345	409,645
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	873,325	411,775	461,550	694,960	325,015	369,940
0 to 17 years	223,495	115,235	108,260	151,880	78,110	73,770
0 to 5 years	72,435	37,260	35,175	46,920	24,035	22,885
18 to 64 years	542,900	254,105	288,795	427,085	198,475	228,615
65 years and over	106,920	42,430	64,490	115,990	48,430	67,560
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	16.3	15.8	16.7	15.5	14.8	16.2
0 to 17 years (%)	20.7	20.8	20.7	18.5	18.5	18.5
0 to 5 years (%)	21.5	21.6	21.4	18.0	18.0	18.1
18 to 64 years (%)	15.3	14.8	15.8	14.8	14.1	15.5
65 years and over (%)	14.2	12.5	15.6	14.9	13.1	16.5
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	732,405	350,620	381,780	491,645	236,430	255,215
0 to 17 years	173,895	89,620	84,270	99,330	50,890	48,450
0 to 5 years	56,775	29,135	27,640	29,250	14,930	14,315
18 to 64 years	487,620	234,110	253,505	345,345	165,740	179,605
65 years and over	70,895	26,885	44,005	46,965	19,805	27,165
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	13.6	13.5	13.8	11.0	10.8	11.2
0 to 17 years (%)	16.1	16.2	16.1	12.1	12.0	12.1
0 to 5 years (%)	16.8	16.9	16.8	11.2	11.2	11.3
18 to 64 years (%)	13.8	13.7	13.9	12.0	11.8	12.2
65 years and over (%)	9.4	7.9	10.7	6.0	5.4	6.6
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 44	5,371,025	2,606,395	2,764,630	4,560,235	2,237,490	2,322,745
Official languages	5,119,210	2,506,430	2,612,780	4,407,125	2,173,840	2,233,285
English	5,114,880	2,504,655	2,610,225	4,405,380	2,173,040	2,232,340
French	433,650	187,295	246,355	314,225	140,085	174,140
Non-official languages	2,980,865	1,420,145	1,560,715	1,546,550	727,200	819,355
Aboriginal languages	985	405	585	17,190	8,115	9,075
Algonquian languages	825	350	475	1,950	905	1,045
Blackfoot	10	0	0	35	0	35
Cree-Montagnais languages	185	85	100	1,600	795	805
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	15	0	10
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	10	0	10
Plains Cree	55	30	20	345	160	180
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	25	0	15	55	25	30
Woods Cree	15	10	0	80	45	40
Cree, n.o.s.	90	35	55	1,090	560	525
Eastern Algonquian languages	45	25	20	30	20	10
Malecite	0	0	0	10	10	0
Mi'kmaq	45	25	25	25	15	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	595	240	355	310	100	205
Algonquin	15	10	10	20	0	15
Ojibway	560	230	330	275	95	180
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	15	0	15
Ottawa (Odawa)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	15	10	10	4,375	2,050	2,330
Northern Athabaskan languages	15	10	10	4,345	2,035	2,315
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	200	100	95
Beaver	0	0	0	255	130	130
Carrier	0	0	0	2,045	940	1,110
Chilcotin	0	0	0	1,130	525	605
Dene	10	0	0	130	55	80
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	185	85	100
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	125	60	75
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	10	0	10
South Slavey	0	0	0	25	15	10
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	105	45	60
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	290	155	130
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	35	20	15
Tahltan	0	0	0	250	135	120
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	10
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	10	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	15	10
Haida	0	0	0	455	195	255
Inuit languages	25	10	15	170	70	95
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Inuktitut	10	0	10	120	50	70
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	35	15	25
Iroquoian languages	55	15	40	30	10	15
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	45	15	35	25	10	15
Oneida	10	10	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	170	95	80
Michif	15	10	10	110	50	60
Salish languages	0	0	10	5,660	2,690	2,970
Comox	0	0	0	185	75	105
Halkomelem	0	0	0	1,045	470	570
Lillooet	0	0	0	790	405	385
Okanagan	10	10	0	805	360	445
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	1,280	630	650
Squamish	0	0	0	280	125	155
Straits	0	0	0	360	160	200
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	440	220	220
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	540	280	260
Siouan languages	10	0	10	55	20	35
Dakota	0	0	10	30	15	15
Stoney	0	0	0	10	10	10
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10
Tlingit	0	0	0	60	40	20
Tsimshian languages	0	0	10	2,685	1,330	1,350
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	1,275	635	645
Nisga'a	0	0	0	1,035	535	500
Tsimshian	0	0	10	405	180	230
Wakashan languages	10	0	0	1,460	670	795
Haisla	0	0	0	175	65	105
Heiltsuk	10	0	0	120	50	70
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	590	275	315
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	560	265	295
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	10
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	25	20	10	240	105	135
Non-Aboriginal languages	2,979,935	1,419,770	1,560,165	1,529,635	719,190	810,440
Afro-Asiatic languages	203,300	101,890	101,410	35,115	18,585	16,530
Berber languages	235	135	100	145	95	45
Kabyle	75	40	30	65	40	25
Berber languages, n.i.e.	165	95	70	80	60	20
Cushitic languages	20,380	8,885	11,490	2,070	955	1,120
Bilen	75	45	30	20	10	15
Oromo	1,390	590	800	245	140	110
Somali	18,905	8,230	10,675	1,800	815	985
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	85	35	50	10	0	10
Semitic languages	183,945	93,490	90,450	33,110	17,660	15,460
Amharic	11,365	5,280	6,080	2,095	1,050	1,045
Arabic	119,665	61,755	57,905	24,230	13,180	11,050
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	11,995	5,860	6,140	760	370	390
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	2,080	1,040	1,035	570	285	285
Harari	1,250	635	615	55	35	20
Hebrew	37,745	19,225	18,520	5,450	2,805	2,645
Maltese	4,165	2,035	2,130	315	155	155
Tigrigna	5,940	2,775	3,170	1,055	560	495
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	1,060	515	550	300	160	140
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	700	325	375	170	85	85
Austro-Asiatic languages	65,060	29,925	35,130	35,915	17,130	18,785
Khmer (Cambodian)	3,970	1,730	2,240	1,875	850	1,020
Vietnamese	61,350	28,340	33,010	34,140	16,295	17,840
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	40	0	40	55	30	25
Austronesian languages	200,765	80,115	120,645	125,425	51,215	74,210
Bikol	570	255	310	530	215	310
Cebuano	7,130	2,860	4,265	5,365	2,000	3,370
Fijian	45	20	25	1,095	655	440
Hiligaynon	2,460	985	1,475	1,685	710	975
Ilocano	12,560	4,930	7,635	6,450	2,480	3,970
Malagasy	90	45	45	25	15	10
Malay	7,015	3,215	3,800	7,495	3,480	4,010
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	1,565	710	855	855	365	495
Pangasinan	435	190	245	480	205	275
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	188,840	74,950	113,890	113,265	45,455	67,805
Waray-Waray	320	100	220	320	130	195
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	1,255	525	730	1,515	740	775
Creole languages	16,380	7,360	9,020	2,485	1,320	1,165
Haitian Creole	640	285	350	135	55	75
Creole, n.o.s.	8,935	4,015	4,925	1,310	730	585
Creole languages, n.i.e.	6,960	3,115	3,845	1,055	540	515
Dravidian languages	170,055	84,545	85,505	10,390	5,485	4,905
Kannada	4,300	2,140	2,155	510	250	265
Malayalam	16,600	8,450	8,150	3,350	1,795	1,550
Tamil	140,900	69,315	71,585	5,445	2,830	2,610
Telugu	13,070	7,200	5,875	1,720	970	750
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	430	220	210	85	30	55
Hmong-Mien languages	25	15	10	165	85	80
Indo-European languages	1,670,260	812,610	857,650	764,815	371,760	393,060
Albanian	14,895	7,440	7,450	1,640	840	795
Armenian	14,750	7,035	7,715	1,680	845	835
Balto-Slavic languages	284,385	132,330	152,055	94,050	44,710	49,340
Baltic languages	6,090	2,475	3,610	1,030	515	520
Latvian	2,500	1,045	1,450	555	290	265
Lithuanian	3,595	1,430	2,165	475	220	250
Slavic languages	279,935	130,535	149,400	93,235	44,305	48,940
Belarusan	915	480	440	245	115	125
Bosnian	4,205	2,040	2,170	2,075	1,020	1,050
Bulgarian	7,750	3,770	3,980	2,430	1,105	1,325
Croatian	21,210	10,340	10,865	10,685	5,255	5,430
Czech	5,935	2,820	3,115	7,480	3,665	3,815
Macedonian	15,485	7,385	8,100	400	220	185
Polish	77,395	35,400	41,995	19,175	8,980	10,190
Russian	107,415	49,880	57,540	33,990	15,850	18,135
Serbian	26,595	13,150	13,440	9,110	4,625	4,485
Serbo-Croatian	2,775	1,330	1,440	1,525	770	750
Slovak	5,750	2,655	3,100	4,270	2,045	2,225
Slovene (Slovenian)	3,940	1,735	2,210	1,375	610	760
Ukrainian	36,660	16,375	20,285	10,740	4,835	5,905
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	600	350	250	420	215	205
Celtic languages	1,780	915	865	1,855	990	865
Scottish Gaelic	595	300	295	660	395	265
Welsh	215	95	120	345	145	195
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	970	520	450	860	450	410
Germanic languages	72,330	34,390	37,940	136,685	65,350	71,335
Afrikaans	3,975	1,955	2,015	7,670	3,875	3,800
Danish	1,865	840	1,025	5,510	2,490	3,020
Dutch	9,510	4,470	5,045	24,060	11,520	12,550
Frisian	145	60	90	465	230	240
German	49,225	23,465	25,760	95,005	45,840	49,165
Icelandic	120	55	65	405	210	195
Norwegian	870	415	455	2,845	1,425	1,415
Swedish	2,375	1,085	1,290	4,825	2,125	2,695
Vlaams (Flemish)	250	105	145	545	270	275
Yiddish	6,480	3,185	3,300	505	225	280
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	85	45	45	155	95	60
Greek	57,745	28,385	29,355	9,095	4,725	4,370
Indo-Iranian languages	735,150	371,350	363,800	363,205	181,340	181,865
Indo-Aryan languages	612,745	310,215	302,530	311,955	155,465	156,490
Bengali	47,600	24,185	23,415	3,670	1,885	1,785
Gujarati	85,245	42,705	42,540	11,500	5,455	6,050
Hindi	201,555	102,590	98,970	81,330	39,950	41,380
Kashmiri	460	230	230	60	30	25
Konkani	4,875	2,200	2,670	415	215	200
Marathi	8,470	4,365	4,100	1,475	780	695
Nepali	6,345	3,140	3,205	1,485	725	760
Oriya (Odia)	900	430	465	70	40	30
Punjabi (Panjabi)	235,230	120,835	114,395	244,485	122,450	122,035
Sindhi	9,210	4,295	4,915	3,300	1,415	1,885
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	14,575	7,335	7,240	2,430	1,265	1,170
Urdu	180,400	91,380	89,020	16,750	8,840	7,915
Iranian languages	127,535	63,570	63,965	52,300	26,435	25,870
Kurdish	3,760	2,120	1,635	2,225	1,185	1,040
Pashto	10,905	5,795	5,110	1,660	940	725
Persian (Farsi)	117,090	58,090	58,995	49,835	25,135	24,690
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	3,395	1,840	1,555	935	490	450
Italic (Romance) languages	525,885	248,355	277,525	177,685	83,505	94,185
Catalan	305	155	145	395	210	180
Italian	199,425	94,670	104,750	37,475	18,075	19,400
Portuguese	125,025	59,945	65,080	23,260	11,060	12,200
Romanian	27,960	12,960	15,000	10,045	4,945	5,105
Spanish	195,365	91,080	104,280	115,115	53,215	61,900
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	625	305	315	380	245	140
Japanese	17,015	7,335	9,680	36,990	15,955	21,040
Kartvelian languages	1,455	740	715	115	55	60
Georgian	1,455	740	715	115	55	55
Korean	61,135	28,600	32,535	57,490	26,310	31,180
Mongolic languages	440	190	250	370	170	200
Mongolian	445	190	255	370	165	195
Niger-Congo languages	46,505	22,145	24,365	8,025	4,130	3,895
Akan (Twi)	13,440	6,225	7,215	630	350	280
Bamanankan	200	115	90	30	20	15
Edo	1,875	820	1,055	145	80	60
Ewe	505	260	240	135	90	45
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	455	235	220	105	30	70
Ga	985	475	510	150	95	50
Ganda	830	395	435	165	80	85
Igbo	2,905	1,440	1,460	425	240	185
Lingala	2,015	875	1,140	280	125	150
Rundi (Kirundi)	510	250	255	125	45	75
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	655	285	370	290	125	165
Shona	1,105	485	620	415	220	195
Swahili	10,070	4,960	5,110	3,365	1,785	1,575
Wolof	410	190	225	50	25	30
Yoruba	7,685	3,850	3,830	885	455	435
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	6,145	2,845	3,300	1,835	840	1,000
Nilo-Saharan languages	450	255	195	405	210	200
Dinka	65	50	20	85	50	35
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	385	210	175	325	155	165
Sign languages	5,265	2,275	2,990	7,545	2,865	4,680
American Sign Language	3,045	1,150	1,895	3,860	1,280	2,575
Quebec Sign Language	10	0	10	10	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	2,290	1,165	1,130	3,780	1,615	2,160
Sino-Tibetan languages	570,420	267,755	302,665	457,595	211,220	246,375
Chinese languages	563,390	264,295	299,095	454,885	209,850	245,030
Cantonese	300,575	139,720	160,855	234,445	108,485	125,960
Hakka	7,110	3,120	3,990	2,715	1,290	1,430
Mandarin	308,025	143,345	164,680	265,635	119,995	145,640
Min Dong	710	290	420	130	55	75
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	13,725	6,150	7,575	16,410	7,230	9,185
Wu (Shanghainese)	6,805	3,170	3,640	5,600	2,445	3,155
Chinese, n.o.s.	11,310	5,130	6,180	10,380	4,725	5,650
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	135	75	65	200	75	120
Tibeto-Burman languages	7,410	3,665	3,745	3,000	1,500	1,505
Burmese	1,325	605	720	1,490	730	755
Karenic languages	250	115	135	955	485	465
Tibetan	5,420	2,705	2,720	375	205	165
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	495	285	210	330	150	180
Tai-Kadai languages	4,720	2,005	2,715	5,635	2,190	3,450
Lao	2,635	1,250	1,385	1,630	735	890
Thai	2,340	880	1,465	4,275	1,535	2,740
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	10	10	0
Turkic languages	24,065	12,495	11,575	6,785	3,685	3,095
Azerbaijani	2,625	1,330	1,300	945	510	435
Turkish	20,195	10,535	9,665	5,585	3,025	2,555
Uyghur	490	225	260	115	60	55
Uzbek	785	425	365	170	95	75
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	540	250	290	275	140	130
Uralic languages	25,660	11,605	14,055	15,280	7,095	8,185
Estonian	2,750	1,190	1,560	780	350	425
Finnish	2,450	1,025	1,425	4,030	1,640	2,385
Hungarian	20,515	9,410	11,105	10,495	5,100	5,395
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	2,275	1,175	1,100	1,045	575	470
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 45	5,371,020	2,606,395	2,764,635	4,560,235	2,237,485	2,322,750
Canadian citizensCensus data footnote 46	4,666,240	2,271,285	2,394,950	4,138,300	2,038,285	2,100,015
Canadian citizens aged under 18	988,125	507,650	480,475	790,485	406,970	383,510
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	3,678,115	1,763,635	1,914,475	3,347,820	1,631,310	1,716,505
Not Canadian citizensCensus data footnote 47	704,790	335,105	369,680	421,935	199,205	222,735
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 48	5,371,020	2,606,390	2,764,635	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750
Non-immigrantsCensus data footnote 49	2,647,660	1,325,780	1,321,875	3,167,155	1,584,305	1,582,855
ImmigrantsCensus data footnote 50	2,588,715	1,213,600	1,375,110	1,292,675	603,800	688,875
Before 1981	570,800	264,690	306,105	356,155	171,330	184,825
1981 to 1990	354,720	169,415	185,300	152,220	70,475	81,750
1991 to 2000	615,195	286,895	328,300	287,505	132,190	155,315
2001 to 2010	701,370	328,685	372,685	321,240	147,250	173,985
2001 to 2005	364,605	171,720	192,885	147,735	67,425	80,305
2006 to 2010	336,765	156,965	179,800	173,505	79,825	93,680
2011 to 2016Census data footnote 51	346,635	163,920	182,715	175,555	82,555	92,995
Non-permanent residentsCensus data footnote 52	134,650	67,010	67,640	100,405	49,385	51,020
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 53	2,588,710	1,213,605	1,375,110	1,292,670	603,800	688,875
Under 5 years	210,560	104,680	105,885	112,665	56,495	56,175
5 to 14 years	425,730	214,310	211,420	212,710	108,975	103,730
15 to 24 years	561,010	248,975	312,035	279,495	126,690	152,805
25 to 44 years	1,112,050	520,805	591,245	537,500	242,185	295,310
45 years and over	279,360	124,830	154,525	150,305	69,455	80,845
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 54	2,588,715	1,213,605	1,375,115	1,292,675	603,800	688,875
Americas	393,895	174,345	219,550	110,850	50,515	60,330
Brazil	10,010	4,705	5,305	3,800	1,545	2,260
Colombia	16,110	7,390	8,715	3,915	1,720	2,195
El Salvador	10,615	5,280	5,335	5,425	2,710	2,715
Guyana	67,295	29,760	37,535	1,305	600	710
Haiti	2,555	1,200	1,355	570	250	315
Jamaica	97,095	40,495	56,600	3,505	1,770	1,735
Mexico	10,595	4,710	5,885	10,375	4,425	5,945
Peru	7,685	3,415	4,270	3,265	1,330	1,930
Trinidad and Tobago	41,765	18,320	23,445	2,620	1,205	1,415
United StatesCensus data footnote 55	43,175	20,260	22,915	57,780	26,425	31,355
Other places of birth in Americas	86,995	38,800	48,195	18,295	8,530	9,765
Europe	568,320	267,530	300,790	319,885	156,975	162,915
Bosnia and Herzegovina	9,230	4,565	4,665	4,570	2,230	2,345
Croatia	11,040	5,225	5,810	5,780	2,945	2,830
France	6,595	3,095	3,500	5,700	2,895	2,805
Germany	19,960	9,295	10,665	35,045	16,835	18,210
Greece	26,890	13,115	13,780	3,630	1,965	1,670
Hungary	11,185	5,045	6,140	6,175	3,145	3,030
IrelandCensus data footnote 56	7,445	3,635	3,810	5,890	3,090	2,795
Italy	95,175	46,030	49,150	15,405	8,050	7,355
Netherlands	5,940	2,870	3,075	18,225	9,365	8,855
Poland	53,330	23,935	29,390	15,115	6,965	8,145
Portugal	66,340	31,825	34,515	8,215	4,125	4,090
Romania	23,965	10,890	13,075	8,995	4,400	4,595
Russian Federation	33,130	14,300	18,830	10,920	4,700	6,215
SerbiaCensus data footnote 57	12,690	6,140	6,550	4,480	2,225	2,260
Ukraine	31,045	14,215	16,830	7,500	3,520	3,980
United KingdomCensus data footnote 58	84,810	40,430	44,375	123,810	60,975	62,835
Other places of birth in Europe	69,555	32,920	36,630	40,425	19,545	20,880
Africa	147,790	71,030	76,760	42,805	21,500	21,310
Algeria	1,205	640	565	485	310	175
Egypt	23,285	12,065	11,215	2,705	1,480	1,225
Ethiopia	10,785	4,910	5,870	2,070	1,015	1,060
Kenya	10,980	5,025	5,955	4,705	2,175	2,535
Morocco	3,395	1,655	1,740	985	535	455
Nigeria	15,970	7,910	8,065	1,740	925	815
Somalia	10,780	4,310	6,470	1,080	515	570
South Africa, Republic of	12,360	5,990	6,370	13,375	6,700	6,675
Other places of birth in Africa	59,020	28,520	30,505	15,645	7,840	7,800
Asia	1,471,940	697,390	774,555	788,055	359,835	428,220
Afghanistan	24,510	12,230	12,275	5,040	2,550	2,490
Bangladesh	31,885	16,065	15,820	2,125	1,080	1,040
ChinaCensus data footnote 59	262,175	119,475	142,700	199,990	89,145	110,845
Hong KongCensus data footnote 60	97,705	45,890	51,815	74,210	34,120	40,090
India	297,730	148,545	149,190	162,650	79,395	83,245
IranCensus data footnote 61	73,340	36,520	36,815	37,160	18,890	18,270
Iraq	27,770	13,840	13,930	5,550	2,855	2,690
Japan	5,715	1,850	3,865	13,365	3,840	9,520
Korea, SouthCensus data footnote 62	44,745	20,860	23,890	41,515	18,870	22,645
Lebanon	12,970	6,975	6,000	2,235	1,290	950
Pakistan	110,255	55,690	54,565	10,665	5,470	5,190
Philippines	187,510	76,805	110,710	112,100	45,890	66,210
Sri Lanka	98,025	47,845	50,180	4,585	2,360	2,230
SyriaCensus data footnote 63	10,545	5,285	5,250	2,845	1,450	1,400
Taiwan	14,705	6,405	8,300	38,900	17,450	21,450
Viet Nam	57,865	26,180	31,690	27,875	12,970	14,905
Other places of birth in Asia	114,505	56,925	57,575	47,255	22,215	25,045
Oceania and other places of birthCensus data footnote 64	6,770	3,320	3,450	31,075	14,975	16,100
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 54	346,635	163,920	182,715	175,555	82,555	92,995
Americas	39,310	18,740	20,570	14,550	7,160	7,385
Brazil	2,465	1,165	1,305	1,145	525	615
Colombia	2,495	1,175	1,320	580	250	325
Cuba	1,150	510	635	140	60	80
Haiti	865	415	450	35	35	10
Jamaica	7,205	3,760	3,440	625	355	265
Mexico	2,870	1,360	1,510	2,885	1,420	1,460
United StatesCensus data footnote 55	7,605	3,850	3,755	6,485	3,290	3,190
VenezuelaCensus data footnote 65	1,790	825	965	270	115	155
Other places of birth in Americas	12,860	5,660	7,195	2,380	1,105	1,275
Europe	30,555	14,975	15,580	19,735	10,260	9,475
France	1,360	660	700	970	510	460
Germany	875	475	400	1,450	775	675
IrelandCensus data footnote 56	1,445	905	540	1,430	900	530
MoldovaCensus data footnote 66	750	350	400	245	120	125
Romania	1,415	555	860	690	310	380
Russian Federation	3,845	1,400	2,440	1,735	620	1,110
Ukraine	3,580	1,655	1,925	1,230	495	735
United KingdomCensus data footnote 58	3,585	2,160	1,425	6,540	3,840	2,695
Other places of birth in Europe	13,695	6,810	6,885	5,455	2,685	2,765
Africa	23,910	11,705	12,200	6,200	3,150	3,050
Algeria	195	85	105	65	40	20
Cameroon	800	350	445	65	25	35
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	550	240	310	150	80	75
Côte d'Ivoire	280	135	145	20	10	10
Egypt	5,540	2,885	2,655	625	340	290
Eritrea	1,060	525	535	320	175	145
Ethiopia	1,655	745	910	305	170	140
Morocco	350	140	210	205	115	95
Nigeria	4,695	2,280	2,415	645	325	315
Somalia	1,115	530	590	355	145	215
South Africa, Republic of	770	405	360	1,625	815	810
Tunisia	125	85	35	80	30	45
Other places of birth in Africa	6,770	3,295	3,475	1,745	890	860
Asia	251,635	117,765	133,875	131,880	60,140	71,735
Afghanistan	4,500	2,235	2,260	870	455	415
Bangladesh	6,780	3,360	3,420	470	230	245
ChinaCensus data footnote 59	48,955	21,765	27,185	38,105	16,965	21,140
Hong KongCensus data footnote 60	1,740	700	1,040	1,800	770	1,030
India	57,455	28,890	28,570	27,460	13,780	13,680
IranCensus data footnote 61	18,565	8,985	9,575	8,645	4,315	4,330
Iraq	7,840	3,890	3,955	1,910	940	965
Israel	1,600	840	765	365	205	160
Japan	930	250	685	2,285	570	1,715
Korea, SouthCensus data footnote 62	4,815	2,190	2,625	8,025	3,430	4,595
Lebanon	1,365	745	620	265	155	110
Nepal	2,415	1,235	1,180	310	115	195
Pakistan	20,360	9,960	10,400	1,965	990	975
Philippines	42,735	17,680	25,050	26,680	11,615	15,065
Saudi Arabia	2,020	1,030	990	400	180	215
Sri Lanka	7,095	3,095	3,995	535	265	265
SyriaCensus data footnote 63	5,365	2,790	2,570	2,185	1,095	1,085
Taiwan	755	305	450	2,505	970	1,530
Turkey	2,055	1,145	905	395	220	170
United Arab Emirates	3,175	1,605	1,575	385	195	195
Viet Nam	2,605	1,020	1,585	1,780	685	1,090
Other places of birth in Asia	8,510	4,035	4,470	4,545	1,980	2,560
Oceania and otherCensus data footnote 64	1,230	740	490	3,185	1,845	1,340
Australia	955	600	355	1,920	1,130	790
Other places of birthCensus data footnote 67	270	140	135	1,265	715	550
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 68	5,371,020	2,606,395	2,764,630	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750
First generationCensus data footnote 69	2,753,115	1,295,920	1,457,195	1,426,450	670,440	756,010
Second generationCensus data footnote 70	1,541,070	777,190	763,880	1,043,860	523,340	520,520
Third generation or moreCensus data footnote 71	1,076,835	533,280	543,555	2,089,925	1,043,705	1,046,225
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 72	2,051,830	965,135	1,086,695	955,955	442,040	513,915
Economic immigrantsCensus data footnote 73	1,023,350	505,520	517,835	537,875	258,560	279,315
Principal applicantsCensus data footnote 74	409,525	251,475	158,050	209,685	123,645	86,040
Secondary applicantsCensus data footnote 75	613,825	254,045	359,780	328,185	134,915	193,275
Immigrants sponsored by familyCensus data footnote 76	690,870	282,355	408,515	323,440	133,775	189,670
RefugeesCensus data footnote 77	308,760	164,150	144,605	82,360	44,250	38,110
Other immigrantsCensus data footnote 78	28,845	13,110	15,735	12,285	5,455	6,825
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 79	5,371,025	2,606,390	2,764,630	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750
Aboriginal identityCensus data footnote 80	39,035	18,255	20,780	270,585	130,265	140,320
Single Aboriginal responsesCensus data footnote 81	36,845	17,110	19,735	263,540	127,115	136,425
First Nations (North American Indian)Census data footnote 82	23,465	10,830	12,640	172,520	83,645	88,880
Métis	12,830	6,030	6,800	89,405	42,715	46,690
Inuk (Inuit)	550	255	300	1,610	760	855
Multiple Aboriginal responsesCensus data footnote 83	975	465	510	4,350	2,090	2,260
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhereCensus data footnote 84	1,215	680	540	2,695	1,060	1,635
Non-Aboriginal identity	5,331,990	2,588,140	2,743,850	4,289,655	2,107,225	2,182,430
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 85	5,371,025	2,606,390	2,764,635	4,560,240	2,237,485	2,322,750
Registered or Treaty IndianCensus data footnote 86	12,605	5,825	6,785	135,835	65,560	70,280
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	5,358,415	2,600,565	2,757,850	4,424,400	2,171,930	2,252,470
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 87	5,371,020	2,606,390	2,764,630	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750
Aboriginal ancestry (only)Census data footnote 88	6,375	2,865	3,510	91,710	45,690	46,020
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)Census data footnote 89	6,220	2,790	3,425	90,390	45,100	45,295
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestryCensus data footnote 82	4,945	2,185	2,760	79,875	39,685	40,190
Métis single ancestry	1,155	560	600	10,080	5,215	4,865
Inuit single ancestry	115	45	70	430	200	235
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)Census data footnote 90	160	75	85	1,325	595	725
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	105	50	55	1,175	535	635
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	20	10	10	100	50	50
Métis and Inuit ancestries	15	10	15	45	10	45
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	15	10	10	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestriesCensus data footnote 91	55,150	25,815	29,330	211,100	100,835	110,260
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestriesCensus data footnote 92	53,685	25,160	28,530	201,895	96,650	105,245
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	40,680	19,105	21,565	130,020	62,170	67,850
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	12,265	5,720	6,540	70,180	33,595	36,585
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	750	335	415	1,700	890	815
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestriesCensus data footnote 93	1,460	655	800	9,200	4,185	5,015
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,250	550	705	8,865	4,050	4,810
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	130	55	70	165	75	90
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	80	50	30	125	35	90
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	45	20	20
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)Census data footnote 94	5,309,500	2,577,710	2,731,790	4,257,430	2,090,960	2,166,465
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 95	5,371,025	2,606,395	2,764,635	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750
Total visible minority populationCensus data footnote 96	2,910,660	1,400,000	1,510,655	1,381,235	658,260	722,975
South AsianCensus data footnote 97	932,145	470,380	461,760	365,705	183,650	182,055
Chinese	618,280	294,255	324,025	508,480	237,805	270,670
Black	430,280	198,790	231,490	43,500	22,455	21,045
Filipino	246,415	105,285	141,130	145,025	62,505	82,520
Latin American	126,485	60,725	65,755	44,115	20,600	23,515
Arab	100,155	51,885	48,270	19,840	10,865	8,980
Southeast AsianCensus data footnote 98	80,335	37,780	42,560	54,920	25,975	28,950
West AsianCensus data footnote 99	120,685	60,285	60,400	48,695	24,880	23,810
Korean	68,155	32,470	35,685	60,495	27,915	32,580
Japanese	19,515	8,415	11,095	41,230	17,435	23,800
Visible minority, n.i.e.Census data footnote 100	75,005	34,935	40,070	8,760	4,280	4,485
Multiple visible minoritiesCensus data footnote 101	93,210	44,785	48,425	40,465	19,900	20,565
Not a visible minorityCensus data footnote 102	2,460,360	1,206,390	1,253,975	3,179,005	1,579,230	1,599,775
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 103	5,371,025	2,606,390	2,764,630	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750
North American Aboriginal origins	61,525	28,680	32,840	302,810	146,530	156,280
First Nations (North American Indian)	47,150	21,970	25,175	220,245	106,595	113,650
Inuit	1,125	515	610	2,615	1,280	1,340
Métis	14,890	6,945	7,950	90,515	43,460	47,050
Other North American origins	659,555	326,935	332,620	922,690	460,355	462,335
Acadian	3,660	1,810	1,850	3,940	1,960	1,980
American	44,030	21,480	22,550	78,170	37,765	40,405
Canadian	623,605	309,300	314,305	866,530	432,975	433,560
New Brunswicker	80	50	30	60	45	15
Newfoundlander	2,605	1,325	1,285	1,875	995	880
Nova Scotian	595	270	330	185	95	85
Ontarian	575	340	235	130	55	75
Québécois	1,400	685	720	1,830	945	880
Other North American origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 104	220	120	100	405	175	230
European origins	2,413,560	1,173,265	1,240,300	2,857,080	1,408,510	1,448,575
British Isles origins	1,074,255	524,990	549,260	1,926,040	945,580	980,460
Channel Islander	400	210	190	455	230	220
Cornish	175	90	85	610	340	265
English	605,385	296,180	309,205	1,203,540	585,700	617,845
Irish	456,650	218,130	238,520	675,135	318,455	356,675
Manx	720	425	295	1,810	835	975
Scottish	452,050	218,755	233,290	860,775	417,080	443,700
Welsh	47,510	22,785	24,730	113,905	54,260	59,645
British Isles origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 105	92,185	44,145	48,040	122,700	59,225	63,475
French origins	212,840	100,750	112,095	388,815	184,705	204,110
Alsatian	320	125	200	210	95	115
Breton	55	35	20	110	45	65
Corsican	55	25	25	105	40	65
French	212,520	100,605	111,915	388,580	184,595	203,980
Western European origins (except French origins)	331,540	160,995	170,550	839,860	411,165	428,695
Austrian	26,905	13,040	13,865	48,510	23,030	25,485
Bavarian	135	50	80	225	105	120
Belgian	8,330	3,800	4,530	19,980	9,615	10,360
Dutch	78,240	37,405	40,835	213,670	105,040	108,630
Flemish	790	375	415	2,215	1,145	1,075
Frisian	350	205	145	850	425	425
German	229,980	112,255	117,725	603,265	294,860	308,410
Luxembourger	260	130	135	695	340	355
Swiss	12,710	6,340	6,365	31,390	15,510	15,880
Western European origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 106	480	225	255	905	425	485
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	59,615	28,865	30,755	346,525	166,100	180,425
Danish	12,805	6,390	6,415	58,205	27,985	30,220
Finnish	13,915	6,490	7,425	34,150	16,285	17,870
Icelandic	3,415	1,700	1,705	26,410	12,860	13,545
Norwegian	14,525	7,170	7,350	138,430	66,870	71,565
Swedish	16,290	7,525	8,770	110,030	51,000	59,030
Northern European origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 107	3,115	1,485	1,630	15,080	7,610	7,470
Eastern European origins	547,800	260,365	287,440	569,260	275,900	293,360
Bulgarian	10,575	5,165	5,415	4,015	1,875	2,140
Byelorussian	7,840	3,830	4,015	2,760	1,400	1,365
Czech	15,200	7,335	7,870	23,375	11,500	11,875
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.Census data footnote 108	4,075	1,935	2,135	7,970	3,795	4,175
Estonian	6,865	3,200	3,665	4,840	2,250	2,590
Hungarian	54,240	26,295	27,945	56,535	27,450	29,090
Latvian	8,960	4,185	4,775	4,935	2,565	2,370
Lithuanian	18,260	8,760	9,500	7,225	3,465	3,755
Moldovan	2,915	1,495	1,415	1,085	510	580
Polish	217,410	103,490	113,920	149,635	71,605	78,030
Romanian	47,340	22,500	24,840	31,250	15,125	16,125
Russian	133,800	62,215	71,585	131,060	62,880	68,180
Slovak	13,180	6,350	6,835	11,220	5,440	5,780
Ukrainian	130,370	62,245	68,130	229,205	111,285	117,915
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 109	7,120	3,335	3,785	3,555	1,645	1,915
Southern European origins	885,785	435,925	449,855	334,740	164,780	169,960
Albanian	17,125	8,655	8,465	1,925	975	950
Bosnian	6,150	2,995	3,150	3,290	1,635	1,655
Catalan	165	105	60	120	85	30
Croatian	32,740	16,365	16,375	23,845	12,180	11,660
Cypriot	2,355	1,195	1,160	440	230	205
Greek	92,410	46,340	46,070	24,460	12,410	12,050
Italian	421,900	209,670	212,230	166,095	83,095	83,000
Kosovar	480	255	225	280	135	145
Macedonian	25,245	12,585	12,660	1,205	620	580
Maltese	16,145	7,995	8,155	2,645	1,350	1,295
Montenegrin	1,420	680	740	710	360	350
Portuguese	191,040	92,890	98,150	41,770	20,620	21,145
Serbian	31,710	15,945	15,770	12,895	6,625	6,270
Sicilian	1,370	690	675	545	295	255
Slovenian	11,400	5,655	5,745	5,555	2,725	2,825
Spanish	99,960	46,885	53,080	64,470	29,245	35,225
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.Census data footnote 110	5,865	2,810	3,060	7,080	3,360	3,725
Southern European origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 111	480	205	275	395	200	195
Other European origins	70,120	35,070	35,045	34,700	17,800	16,900
Basque	755	360	395	840	470	375
Jewish	57,840	29,035	28,800	17,580	8,950	8,635
Roma (Gypsy)	1,150	545	605	805	320	485
Slavic, n.o.s.Census data footnote 112	895	475	420	965	520	450
Other European origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 113	9,935	4,875	5,060	14,715	7,635	7,080
Caribbean origins	333,840	151,150	182,690	25,010	12,350	12,660
Antiguan	2,390	1,050	1,340	220	115	105
Bahamian	1,200	610	590	255	140	110
Barbadian	17,490	7,935	9,550	1,870	945	930
Bermudan	930	430	500	335	155	175
Carib	1,745	625	1,120	70	50	25
Cuban	8,800	4,000	4,795	1,320	615	700
Dominican	6,160	2,945	3,220	735	330	410
Grenadian	12,185	5,235	6,945	380	195	185
Guadeloupean	40	10	30	15	0	15
Haitian	5,020	2,375	2,645	1,140	530	615
Jamaican	193,360	87,610	105,750	10,545	5,425	5,120
Kittitian/Nevisian	1,785	850	935	130	70	55
Martinican	150	50	100	25	0	20
Montserratan	425	195	225	25	15	10
Puerto Rican	675	355	325	570	260	310
St. Lucian	5,310	2,305	3,005	190	85	110
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	42,230	19,320	22,905	4,170	2,085	2,085
Vincentian/Grenadinian	9,995	4,200	5,795	415	180	230
West Indian, n.o.s.Census data footnote 114	44,630	19,830	24,800	2,120	930	1,190
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 115	12,890	5,740	7,145	1,920	945	975
Latin, Central and South American origins	202,120	95,220	106,905	69,920	33,580	36,335
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	6,755	3,135	3,620	2,625	1,350	1,275
Arawak	680	305	375	90	45	45
Argentinian	7,850	3,800	4,045	2,025	910	1,120
Belizean	335	150	180	125	60	65
Bolivian	1,240	600	645	375	145	230
Brazilian	12,250	5,925	6,320	5,455	2,465	2,990
Chilean	9,985	4,805	5,180	5,700	2,740	2,955
Colombian	23,130	11,070	12,065	5,860	2,805	3,055
Costa Rican	1,720	890	835	810	385	425
Ecuadorian	17,005	8,040	8,965	1,040	490	550
Guatemalan	5,575	2,680	2,895	2,575	1,310	1,265
Guyanese	55,335	25,270	30,060	1,925	995	935
Hispanic	3,455	1,690	1,765	1,535	720	810
Honduran	1,670	755	915	1,445	750	695
Maya	1,105	545	555	930	475	455
Mexican	18,380	8,520	9,860	23,055	11,025	12,035
Nicaraguan	3,520	1,700	1,815	1,520	735	785
Panamanian	1,715	745	970	325	140	185
Paraguayan	275	120	150	895	475	420
Peruvian	10,025	4,655	5,370	3,905	1,775	2,135
Salvadorean	14,435	7,115	7,315	6,815	3,390	3,425
Uruguayan	3,040	1,570	1,475	410	205	205
Venezuelan	7,825	3,550	4,285	1,900	915	980
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 116	8,800	4,320	4,480	3,310	1,605	1,705
African origins	257,720	125,440	132,280	59,985	30,635	29,345
Central and West African origins	57,350	28,290	29,060	7,075	3,810	3,265
Akan	705	400	305	40	30	10
Angolan	1,010	480	530	90	55	35
Ashanti	1,055	535	515	85	30	50
Beninese	370	190	180	35	20	15
Burkinabe	100	40	55	45	30	15
Cameroonian	2,445	1,205	1,240	150	85	70
Chadian	185	95	90	70	50	25
Congolese	3,920	1,865	2,050	810	405	400
Edo	925	485	440	85	55	30
Ewe	160	90	70	55	25	30
Gabonese	50	10	35	10	0	10
Gambian	550	250	295	25	10	15
Ghanaian	19,995	9,485	10,510	1,600	865	730
Guinean	620	325	300	130	45	80
Ibo	1,460	760	705	280	160	115
Ivorian	615	285	330	100	55	50
Liberian	295	125	170	250	95	150
Malian	265	140	125	80	55	25
Malinké	225	105	120	10	0	0
Nigerian	18,855	9,540	9,310	2,615	1,430	1,185
Peulh	65	35	25	20	0	15
Senegalese	530	280	250	95	75	25
Sierra Leonean	815	400	410	130	60	65
Togolese	315	205	105	100	70	40
Wolof	45	20	20	0	0	0
Yoruba	2,735	1,460	1,275	255	135	125
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 117	2,785	1,365	1,420	620	305	315
North African origins	50,800	26,105	24,695	9,840	5,210	4,630
Algerian	1,650	810	840	770	465	305
Berber	665	360	305	210	130	80
Coptic	1,640	855	785	150	90	65
Dinka	15	10	0	45	25	15
Egyptian	33,855	17,375	16,475	4,520	2,340	2,180
Libyan	1,260	675	595	420	275	140
Maure	235	135	110	150	60	90
Moroccan	8,380	4,340	4,050	2,005	1,105	895
Sudanese	3,610	1,755	1,855	1,225	535	695
Tunisian	1,060	570	495	500	290	215
North African origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 118	825	445	380	215	115	105
Southern and East African origins	78,235	37,260	40,970	24,800	12,345	12,450
Afrikaner	315	160	155	705	355	355
Amhara	490	235	255	115	60	50
Bantu, n.o.s.Census data footnote 119	285	160	125	255	140	120
Burundian	650	360	290	215	95	120
Djiboutian	210	100	110	0	0	0
Eritrean	7,555	3,650	3,910	1,055	550	505
Ethiopian	15,900	7,615	8,280	2,550	1,280	1,270
Harari	460	250	210	0	0	0
Kenyan	3,880	1,805	2,080	1,615	775	845
Malagasy	170	75	95	105	65	40
Mauritian	2,710	1,405	1,305	975	520	450
Oromo	830	370	460	140	75	65
Rwandan	1,065	475	590	420	225	195
Seychellois	150	60	95	25	15	15
Somali	25,400	11,755	13,650	2,295	1,115	1,180
South African	11,025	5,505	5,520	11,060	5,510	5,550
Tanzanian	1,820	910	910	490	220	275
Tigrian	415	210	200	205	110	95
Ugandan	1,935	930	1,005	775	390	380
Zambian	355	175	185	210	95	110
Zimbabwean	1,670	775	900	855	445	405
Zulu	185	100	90	75	25	45
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 120	5,190	2,250	2,940	1,840	910	930
Other African origins	75,020	35,540	39,485	19,215	9,745	9,465
Black, n.o.s.Census data footnote 121	10,710	4,630	6,080	2,660	1,315	1,340
Other African origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 122	65,110	31,290	33,825	16,740	8,515	8,225
Asian origins	2,352,765	1,139,965	1,212,805	1,312,445	624,270	688,175
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	317,140	160,115	157,025	99,560	51,315	48,245
Afghan	40,230	20,175	20,055	7,895	4,005	3,885
Arab, n.o.s.Census data footnote 123	22,105	11,430	10,675	5,660	3,125	2,540
Armenian	20,645	10,010	10,635	3,715	1,905	1,815
Assyrian	7,240	3,690	3,550	545	295	250
Azerbaijani	3,280	1,595	1,685	990	570	425
Georgian	2,340	1,195	1,140	740	380	355
Hazara	510	270	240	55	30	20
Iranian	94,955	47,625	47,335	47,985	24,290	23,695
Iraqi	27,230	13,595	13,640	5,575	2,860	2,715
Israeli	14,170	7,315	6,855	2,655	1,370	1,285
Jordanian	5,115	2,755	2,365	785	425	355
Kazakh	940	410	525	385	205	175
Kurd	4,290	2,295	2,000	2,120	1,165	950
Kuwaiti	330	205	130	125	85	40
Kyrgyz	235	80	150	175	90	85
Lebanese	27,635	14,100	13,540	7,980	4,175	3,805
Palestinian	14,465	7,765	6,695	2,625	1,410	1,210
Pashtun	1,925	1,070	855	360	200	160
Saudi Arabian	1,600	840	760	975	615	360
Syrian	15,545	7,565	7,990	3,955	1,905	2,055
Tajik	1,390	640	750	260	135	125
Tatar	1,750	750	1,000	790	365	425
Turk	22,165	11,210	10,955	6,355	3,485	2,865
Turkmen	400	200	200	120	70	55
Uighur	540	255	285	130	65	60
Uzbek	1,670	820	850	270	150	120
Yemeni	2,450	1,145	1,305	300	185	115
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 124	9,695	5,005	4,690	2,635	1,340	1,295
South Asian origins	953,545	478,660	474,885	363,885	182,650	181,235
Bangladeshi	23,010	11,790	11,220	1,840	925	920
Bengali	12,255	6,260	5,995	850	405	445
Bhutanese	150	80	70	120	65	55
East Indian	618,685	310,525	308,160	309,315	154,795	154,520
Goan	3,840	1,770	2,075	485	245	240
Gujarati	4,775	2,475	2,295	700	335	365
Kashmiri	1,305	670	635	185	100	85
Nepali	5,350	2,630	2,720	1,495	690	805
Pakistani	113,270	57,500	55,770	12,585	6,565	6,015
Punjabi	45,820	23,605	22,215	38,725	19,700	19,025
Sinhalese	3,770	1,840	1,930	620	325	300
Sri Lankan	110,210	53,705	56,505	5,710	2,970	2,740
Tamil	38,690	19,580	19,110	1,235	670	560
South Asian origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 125	47,545	24,110	23,435	8,245	4,070	4,170
East and Southeast Asian origins	1,103,325	511,400	591,925	855,345	393,475	461,875
Burmese	2,075	915	1,165	2,310	1,135	1,175
Cambodian (Khmer)	5,945	2,740	3,205	3,235	1,580	1,655
Chinese	684,395	324,960	359,435	540,155	253,065	287,090
Filipino	265,560	114,395	151,165	158,215	68,710	89,505
Hmong	50	25	25	130	70	60
Indonesian	5,845	2,710	3,130	6,625	3,115	3,510
Japanese	26,485	11,605	14,880	51,150	22,200	28,945
Karen	265	120	145	895	450	445
Korean	71,740	34,180	37,560	63,300	29,330	33,975
Laotian	3,805	1,880	1,930	2,530	1,275	1,255
Malaysian	5,335	2,510	2,825	5,060	2,260	2,800
Mongolian	1,890	855	1,035	1,495	740	760
Singaporean	1,005	455	550	1,055	490	560
Taiwanese	7,820	3,580	4,240	21,455	9,810	11,650
Thai	3,240	1,225	2,010	5,065	1,870	3,195
Tibetan	5,935	2,975	2,960	550	290	260
Vietnamese	71,425	33,860	37,565	41,435	20,205	21,230
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 126	3,220	1,585	1,640	785	310	470
Other Asian origins	9,945	4,905	5,040	2,500	1,250	1,250
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 127	9,945	4,905	5,040	2,500	1,250	1,255
Oceania origins	8,815	4,450	4,365	41,125	20,605	20,520
Australian	5,315	2,775	2,540	16,240	8,385	7,855
New Zealander	1,755	925	830	6,565	3,405	3,155
Pacific Islands origins	1,950	885	1,070	19,135	9,240	9,890
Fijian	1,170	490	685	14,145	6,895	7,250
Hawaiian	175	85	90	2,200	970	1,235
Maori	165	95	75	1,120	595	530
Polynesian, n.o.s.Census data footnote 128	100	40	65	600	275	325
Samoan	95	45	45	485	255	230
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.Census data footnote 129	330	155	175	905	440	465
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 130	1,967,560	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
Owner	1,276,425	...	...	1,279,020	...	...
Renter	691,140	...	...	599,360	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	3,590	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 131	1,967,560	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
Condominium	434,620	...	...	416,770	...	...
Not condominium	1,532,935	...	...	1,465,200	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 132	1,967,555	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
No bedrooms	24,005	...	...	22,705	...	...
1 bedroom	376,525	...	...	311,035	...	...
2 bedrooms	432,060	...	...	514,015	...	...
3 bedrooms	556,210	...	...	513,135	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	578,765	...	...	521,075	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 133	1,967,555	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	732,945	...	...	642,910	...	...
5 rooms	269,420	...	...	274,780	...	...
6 rooms	250,890	...	...	235,845	...	...
7 rooms	220,325	...	...	199,715	...	...
8 or more rooms	493,975	...	...	528,720	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.8	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 134	1,967,560	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
One person or fewer per room	1,876,310	...	...	1,839,850	...	...
More than 1 person per room	91,250	...	...	42,120	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 135	1,967,560	...	...	1,881,965	...	...
Suitable	1,767,780	...	...	1,781,905	...	...
Not suitable	199,770	...	...	100,060	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 136	1,967,560	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
1960 or before	413,230	...	...	267,560	...	...
1961 to 1980	529,935	...	...	559,485	...	...
1981 to 1990	279,160	...	...	289,565	...	...
1991 to 2000	246,640	...	...	331,865	...	...
2001 to 2005	179,090	...	...	125,335	...	...
2006 to 2010	163,020	...	...	171,945	...	...
2011 to 2016Census data footnote 137	156,485	...	...	136,210	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 138	1,967,560	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	1,858,255	...	...	1,763,105	...	...
Major repairs needed	109,300	...	...	118,865	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 139	1,967,560	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
1 household maintainer	1,124,090	...	...	1,091,500	...	...
2 household maintainers	759,115	...	...	725,675	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	84,350	...	...	64,790	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 140	1,967,560	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
15 to 24 years	47,450	...	...	58,620	...	...
25 to 34 years	277,355	...	...	253,950	...	...
35 to 44 years	371,615	...	...	304,185	...	...
45 to 54 years	454,610	...	...	378,545	...	...
55 to 64 years	381,365	...	...	390,185	...	...
65 to 74 years	242,735	...	...	288,165	...	...
75 to 84 years	137,935	...	...	152,225	...	...
85 years and over	54,490	...	...	56,085	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 141	1,964,415	...	...	1,832,420	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	1,292,415	...	...	1,320,210	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	671,995	...	...	512,210	...	...
30% to less than 100%	553,740	...	...	420,705	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,276,365	...	...	1,242,600	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgageCensus data footnote 142	62.6	...	...	58.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costsCensus data footnote 141	27.3	...	...	20.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)Census data footnote 143	1,649	...	...	1,149	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)Census data footnote 143	1,755	...	...	1,387	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)Census data footnote 144	648,719	...	...	500,874	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)Census data footnote 144	743,131	...	...	720,689	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	691,125	...	...	592,825	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housingCensus data footnote 145	14.7	...	...	12.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costsCensus data footnote 141	46.9	...	...	43.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)Census data footnote 143	1,207	...	...	1,036	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)Census data footnote 143	1,263	...	...	1,149	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 146	4,485,730	2,151,895	2,333,830	3,870,375	1,882,770	1,987,605
No certificate, diploma or degree	730,915	345,155	385,765	601,640	305,320	296,315
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificateCensus data footnote 147	1,147,670	564,185	583,480	1,138,565	549,580	588,985
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,607,140	1,242,555	1,364,580	2,130,175	1,027,870	1,102,310
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	190,445	124,915	65,530	338,980	250,270	88,720
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of QualificationCensus data footnote 148	105,015	61,850	43,165	142,935	83,055	59,880
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of QualificationCensus data footnote 149	85,425	63,060	22,360	196,045	167,210	28,840
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	756,515	330,560	425,950	700,945	280,300	420,645
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	126,335	56,415	69,925	138,010	54,420	83,585
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	1,533,855	730,670	803,185	952,240	442,880	509,360
Bachelor's degree	1,009,045	465,915	543,125	622,670	281,020	341,655
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	100,985	46,510	54,480	69,005	28,575	40,430
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	42,640	21,280	21,355	29,110	16,690	12,420
Master's degree	335,240	168,965	166,270	195,825	94,360	101,465
Earned doctorateCensus data footnote 150	45,945	28,000	17,945	35,625	22,240	13,390
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 146	3,020,615	1,447,205	1,573,410	2,532,975	1,227,040	1,305,940
No certificate, diploma or degree	292,270	146,320	145,950	244,000	134,410	109,585
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificateCensus data footnote 147	647,655	324,200	323,455	671,010	330,835	340,175
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,080,685	976,680	1,104,005	1,617,965	761,790	856,175
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	129,450	84,010	45,440	231,445	172,290	59,155
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of QualificationCensus data footnote 148	71,910	41,985	29,930	97,350	56,920	40,435
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of QualificationCensus data footnote 149	57,540	42,030	15,510	134,095	115,370	18,725
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	589,090	256,645	332,445	528,805	210,880	317,925
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	94,740	42,000	52,740	99,695	39,205	60,490
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	1,267,410	594,025	673,385	758,015	339,415	418,605
Bachelor's degree	821,300	376,095	445,205	497,845	219,005	278,840
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	81,920	36,340	45,580	52,955	20,995	31,965
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	34,910	16,305	18,605	22,440	11,665	10,775
Master's degree	293,070	144,435	148,630	159,740	73,335	86,405
Earned doctorateCensus data footnote 150	36,215	20,850	15,365	25,030	14,420	10,615
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 151	4,485,725	2,151,900	2,333,825	3,870,380	1,882,770	1,987,610
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeCensus data footnote 152	1,878,585	909,335	969,245	1,740,205	854,900	885,300
Education	130,685	26,640	104,045	144,100	34,915	109,185
13. Education	130,690	26,640	104,050	144,100	34,910	109,185
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	130,390	58,720	71,675	98,735	44,465	54,275
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	16,640	12,320	4,315	16,970	12,880	4,090
50. Visual and performing arts	113,755	46,395	67,360	81,765	31,580	50,185
Humanities	179,405	63,540	115,865	124,600	49,025	75,575
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	21,645	4,760	16,885	15,235	3,675	11,555
23. English language and literature/letters	50,845	14,640	36,205	34,710	10,845	23,865
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	53,905	18,055	35,845	35,720	13,670	22,050
30A Interdisciplinary humanitiesCensus data footnote 153	870	385	475	585	210	375
38. Philosophy and religious studies	11,750	6,510	5,240	6,710	4,050	2,660
39. Theology and religious vocations	9,435	5,960	3,470	12,275	7,400	4,880
54. History	24,730	12,250	12,475	15,780	8,475	7,300
55. French language and literature/letters	6,240	970	5,265	3,580	705	2,880
Social and behavioural sciences and law	375,990	132,895	243,090	245,990	87,960	158,025
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	5,275	1,010	4,265	4,120	1,060	3,060
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	41,765	16,265	25,495	23,180	8,505	14,680
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	51,475	4,985	46,485	38,070	3,285	34,785
22. Legal professions and studies	64,720	25,805	38,915	38,505	13,545	24,955
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciencesCensus data footnote 154	6,200	1,435	4,760	4,325	1,345	2,985
42. Psychology	52,075	12,435	39,640	43,230	12,480	30,750
45. Social sciences	154,480	70,955	83,525	94,560	47,755	46,810
Business, management and public administration	635,290	286,145	349,150	426,460	166,470	259,990
30.16 Accounting and computer science	1,300	505	800	775	215	560
44. Public administration and social service professions	38,360	8,100	30,265	26,520	5,960	20,565
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	595,630	277,540	318,090	399,160	160,295	238,865
Physical and life sciences and technologies	126,840	59,465	67,380	86,425	46,070	40,355
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	53,350	21,080	32,270	36,760	16,800	19,960
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	31,225	13,705	17,520	19,025	9,400	9,620
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciencesCensus data footnote 155	2,340	735	1,605	835	225	610
40. Physical sciences	35,555	22,435	13,125	26,370	18,395	7,975
41. Science technologies/technicians	4,370	1,505	2,865	3,440	1,255	2,185
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	158,045	102,350	55,695	80,070	51,490	28,575
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	122,045	83,770	38,275	62,795	43,900	18,890
25. Library science	5,560	935	4,630	5,560	755	4,805
27. Mathematics and statistics	27,925	15,910	12,015	10,875	6,295	4,580
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciencesCensus data footnote 156	2,520	1,745	775	835	540	300
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	439,230	375,990	63,235	427,670	388,335	39,340
04. Architecture and related services	28,885	18,400	10,485	15,490	9,985	5,505
14. Engineering	199,695	158,560	41,140	98,455	81,055	17,395
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	73,645	65,980	7,665	68,500	60,490	8,010
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	100	25	75	90	25	65
46. Construction trades	53,550	52,345	1,200	100,765	97,615	3,150
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	55,235	53,715	1,525	97,720	94,520	3,200
48. Precision production	28,120	26,975	1,145	46,660	44,650	2,015
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	27,465	14,400	13,070	50,210	31,680	18,525
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	16,015	8,845	7,170	24,950	13,670	11,275
03. Natural resources and conservation	11,455	5,550	5,900	25,260	18,010	7,250
Health and related fields	303,620	74,055	229,570	322,715	65,735	256,975
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	24,245	12,480	11,765	23,740	11,920	11,820
51. Health professions and related programs	267,470	55,340	212,130	290,645	48,985	241,655
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	11,905	6,230	5,675	8,330	4,835	3,495
Personal, protective and transportation services	99,875	48,260	51,615	122,855	61,605	61,250
12. Personal and culinary services	62,940	19,925	43,010	79,740	24,860	54,885
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	365	330	35	320	290	30
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	480	455	25	1,235	1,120	115
43. Security and protective services	22,935	15,975	6,960	13,935	10,390	3,545
49. Transportation and materials moving	13,160	11,585	1,580	27,620	24,945	2,680
Other	295	100	195	355	115	240
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	290	95	195	350	115	240
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 151	3,020,615	1,447,205	1,573,415	2,532,980	1,227,040	1,305,935
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeCensus data footnote 152	939,930	470,525	469,405	915,015	465,250	449,765
Education	95,095	18,915	76,180	96,005	21,035	74,970
13. Education	95,100	18,915	76,185	96,010	21,035	74,975
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	104,620	47,155	57,465	77,655	34,430	43,225
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	12,780	9,495	3,285	12,710	9,580	3,130
50. Visual and performing arts	91,845	37,665	54,185	64,940	24,845	40,090
Humanities	139,350	48,065	91,290	93,605	35,490	58,115
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	17,015	3,465	13,545	11,710	2,510	9,195
23. English language and literature/letters	39,550	11,125	28,425	25,665	7,810	17,850
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	42,735	13,895	28,845	28,260	10,505	17,750
30A Interdisciplinary humanitiesCensus data footnote 153	690	320	370	425	170	255
38. Philosophy and religious studies	9,135	5,110	4,030	4,970	2,960	2,010
39. Theology and religious vocations	6,935	4,370	2,560	8,330	4,945	3,385
54. History	18,705	9,180	9,525	11,805	6,140	5,665
55. French language and literature/letters	4,585	600	3,980	2,445	455	2,000
Social and behavioural sciences and law	304,820	105,350	199,465	196,450	67,000	129,450
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	4,315	850	3,470	3,460	845	2,615
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	34,495	13,470	21,020	19,685	6,940	12,750
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	39,405	3,515	35,890	29,855	2,505	27,350
22. Legal professions and studies	54,925	20,115	34,810	31,190	9,665	21,525
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciencesCensus data footnote 154	4,850	1,185	3,660	3,540	1,110	2,425
42. Psychology	40,890	9,305	31,585	33,055	8,845	24,210
45. Social sciences	125,945	56,905	69,040	75,665	37,095	38,575
Business, management and public administration	524,355	231,890	292,465	335,220	128,975	206,245
30.16 Accounting and computer science	1,095	405	685	540	170	365
44. Public administration and social service professions	30,890	6,455	24,440	20,695	4,240	16,455
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	492,370	225,035	267,335	313,985	124,565	189,425
Physical and life sciences and technologies	96,435	43,745	52,695	63,705	32,325	31,385
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	40,650	15,625	25,025	28,505	12,595	15,915
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	24,030	10,235	13,800	13,825	6,570	7,260
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciencesCensus data footnote 155	1,920	625	1,295	645	160	485
40. Physical sciences	26,590	16,240	10,350	18,525	12,250	6,270
41. Science technologies/technicians	3,245	1,020	2,225	2,210	750	1,460
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	140,470	91,425	49,045	68,660	44,820	23,840
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	111,605	76,680	34,920	56,390	39,660	16,725
25. Library science	3,950	715	3,235	3,830	545	3,290
27. Mathematics and statistics	22,690	12,525	10,165	7,760	4,185	3,570
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciencesCensus data footnote 156	2,235	1,505	725	680	430	250
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	338,415	284,970	53,445	310,855	277,375	33,475
04. Architecture and related services	23,725	14,720	9,010	12,110	7,240	4,875
14. Engineering	163,350	127,605	35,750	76,935	61,380	15,560
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	54,630	48,775	5,860	48,690	42,285	6,405
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	95	20	75	65	20	45
46. Construction trades	38,265	37,375	895	72,800	70,225	2,570
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	39,680	38,605	1,070	69,025	66,545	2,480
48. Precision production	18,670	17,870	795	31,225	29,690	1,535
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	21,845	11,015	10,830	39,360	23,810	15,555
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	12,520	6,515	6,005	18,965	9,875	9,090
03. Natural resources and conservation	9,325	4,500	4,820	20,395	13,930	6,470
Health and related fields	239,960	58,120	181,845	244,975	50,520	194,460
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	18,145	9,295	8,850	18,900	9,380	9,520
51. Health professions and related programs	212,380	44,170	168,205	219,800	37,800	182,000
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	9,440	4,655	4,785	6,285	3,340	2,940
Personal, protective and transportation services	75,070	35,955	39,115	91,185	45,925	45,265
12. Personal and culinary services	47,120	14,595	32,530	58,820	18,880	39,945
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	260	225	40	195	165	30
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	220	210	15	570	505	65
43. Security and protective services	17,030	11,690	5,345	11,175	8,110	3,060
49. Transportation and materials moving	10,430	9,235	1,190	20,430	18,265	2,165
Other	250	75	170	275	85	185
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	250	75	170	270	85	185
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 157	4,485,725	2,151,895	2,333,830	3,870,380	1,882,770	1,987,610
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,878,585	909,340	969,245	1,740,205	854,900	885,300
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeCensus data footnote 158	2,607,145	1,242,560	1,364,585	2,130,175	1,027,870	1,102,305
Location of study inside Canada	1,736,445	819,555	916,895	1,625,550	785,340	840,205
Same as province or territory of residence	1,599,135	752,170	846,965	1,243,905	593,275	650,635
Different than province or territory of residence	137,320	67,390	69,930	381,645	192,070	189,575
Location of study outside CanadaCensus data footnote 159	870,690	423,000	447,690	504,630	242,530	262,100
United StatesCensus data footnote 160	78,865	43,540	35,330	74,030	40,425	33,610
Philippines	93,650	32,815	60,840	56,845	20,455	36,395
India	137,910	69,690	68,220	44,115	22,045	22,065
United KingdomCensus data footnote 161	54,970	30,515	24,455	58,825	31,920	26,910
ChinaCensus data footnote 162	77,375	36,630	40,745	61,840	27,630	34,210
France	6,540	3,550	2,985	4,385	2,360	2,025
Other	421,380	206,260	215,120	204,580	97,700	106,885
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 157	3,020,615	1,447,200	1,573,410	2,532,975	1,227,040	1,305,935
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	939,930	470,525	469,405	915,015	465,250	449,765
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeCensus data footnote 158	2,080,685	976,680	1,104,005	1,617,960	761,790	856,170
Location of study inside Canada	1,382,850	646,575	736,280	1,239,640	589,155	650,490
Same as province or territory of residence	1,273,355	592,550	680,800	970,485	454,780	515,700
Different than province or territory of residence	109,500	54,015	55,480	269,155	134,375	134,785
Location of study outside CanadaCensus data footnote 159	697,835	330,110	367,725	378,325	172,640	205,685
United StatesCensus data footnote 160	62,760	33,745	29,020	50,095	26,175	23,920
Philippines	79,090	27,270	51,820	48,935	17,385	31,555
India	118,455	58,170	60,290	36,800	17,455	19,345
United KingdomCensus data footnote 161	34,420	18,765	15,660	32,890	17,360	15,530
ChinaCensus data footnote 162	65,240	30,415	34,825	53,570	23,445	30,125
France	5,490	2,965	2,530	3,505	1,885	1,615
Other	332,375	158,785	173,590	152,530	68,935	83,595
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 163	4,485,725	2,151,895	2,333,830	3,870,375	1,882,770	1,987,610
In the labour force	2,954,195	1,522,940	1,431,255	2,471,665	1,285,835	1,185,830
Employed	2,720,530	1,407,640	1,312,890	2,305,690	1,194,455	1,111,240
Unemployed	233,665	115,300	118,365	165,975	91,385	74,590
Not in the labour force	1,531,530	628,960	902,575	1,398,710	596,935	801,775
Participation rate	65.9	70.8	61.3	63.9	68.3	59.7
Employment rate	60.6	65.4	56.3	59.6	63.4	55.9
Unemployment rate	7.9	7.6	8.3	6.7	7.1	6.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 164	4,485,725	2,151,895	2,333,830	3,870,375	1,882,770	1,987,605
Did not workCensus data footnote 165	1,487,830	612,205	875,630	1,290,235	547,350	742,885
Worked	2,997,895	1,539,690	1,458,200	2,580,140	1,335,420	1,244,720
Worked full year, full timeCensus data footnote 166	1,532,845	848,305	684,545	1,183,405	675,950	507,460
Worked part year and/or part timeCensus data footnote 167	1,465,045	691,385	773,660	1,396,735	659,470	737,260
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.5	43.1	41.8	41.8	42.4	41.1
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 168	2,954,195	1,522,940	1,431,255	2,471,670	1,285,840	1,185,835
Class of worker - not applicableCensus data footnote 169	85,760	39,655	46,105	43,805	21,245	22,555
All classes of workersCensus data footnote 170	2,868,435	1,483,280	1,385,155	2,427,860	1,264,585	1,163,275
Employee	2,505,850	1,246,505	1,259,345	2,084,470	1,054,630	1,029,840
Self-employedCensus data footnote 171	362,585	236,780	125,805	343,395	209,955	133,430
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 172	2,954,195	1,522,940	1,431,255	2,471,665	1,285,835	1,185,830
Occupation - not applicableCensus data footnote 169	85,760	39,655	46,105	43,805	21,245	22,560
All occupationsCensus data footnote 170	2,868,435	1,483,285	1,385,155	2,427,860	1,264,585	1,163,270
0 Management occupations	337,265	203,770	133,495	275,000	168,820	106,180
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	530,385	190,720	339,665	368,940	106,205	262,740
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	251,395	191,580	59,810	161,520	127,060	34,460
3 Health occupations	160,610	39,320	121,285	162,865	35,775	127,095
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	327,425	100,020	227,405	269,255	87,765	181,485
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	119,645	59,275	60,370	93,100	44,855	48,245
6 Sales and service occupations	676,065	313,535	362,530	595,225	251,490	343,735
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	309,545	287,595	21,945	360,970	339,660	21,315
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	17,960	14,720	3,235	64,235	47,530	16,700
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	138,155	82,740	55,415	76,745	55,430	21,315
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 173	2,954,195	1,522,940	1,431,255	2,471,665	1,285,835	1,185,830
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicableCensus data footnote 169	85,760	39,655	46,100	43,805	21,250	22,555
All industry categoriesCensus data footnote 170	2,868,435	1,483,285	1,385,150	2,427,865	1,264,590	1,163,270
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	5,115	2,965	2,150	65,205	42,840	22,360
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	3,950	2,680	1,270	25,920	21,810	4,115
22 Utilities	13,965	9,465	4,500	12,445	8,915	3,535
23 Construction	163,810	142,960	20,845	199,985	175,195	24,790
31-33 Manufacturing	256,170	167,975	88,200	157,560	113,945	43,615
41 Wholesale trade	128,255	79,360	48,890	82,105	55,530	26,580
44-45 Retail trade	307,460	146,985	160,480	283,135	129,985	153,150
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	153,930	113,255	40,675	128,400	98,580	29,815
51 Information and cultural industries	100,825	58,430	42,395	67,225	41,065	26,155
52 Finance and insurance	233,060	112,580	120,480	93,805	38,430	55,380
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	76,725	41,670	35,055	54,995	29,515	25,475
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	317,960	179,905	138,055	196,670	107,680	88,990
55 Management of companies and enterprises	7,965	3,375	4,595	4,320	1,975	2,345
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	148,930	81,450	67,475	109,095	62,325	46,775
61 Educational services	208,170	65,400	142,770	173,820	56,455	117,365
62 Health care and social assistance	265,290	54,875	210,415	270,855	52,320	218,530
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	57,575	30,415	27,165	57,940	29,050	28,895
72 Accommodation and food services	189,685	87,920	101,765	207,045	86,555	120,490
81 Other services (except public administration)	123,585	50,940	72,645	112,335	47,960	64,375
91 Public administration	106,010	50,680	55,330	125,000	64,450	60,545
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 174	2,720,530	1,407,640	1,312,890	2,305,690	1,194,455	1,111,240
Worked at home	196,035	100,435	95,595	196,510	95,515	100,990
Worked outside Canada	18,685	12,660	6,020	16,040	11,285	4,760
No fixed workplace address	311,760	220,515	91,245	326,180	243,130	83,050
Worked at usual place	2,194,055	1,074,025	1,120,030	1,766,965	844,520	922,440
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	2,194,050	1,074,025	1,120,025	1,766,965	844,520	922,440
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	1,297,375	591,205	706,165	864,410	382,105	482,305
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	196,715	97,810	98,905	807,840	405,435	402,400
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	694,925	381,990	312,935	81,750	47,820	33,930
Commute to a different province or territory	5,045	3,020	2,020	12,965	9,160	3,805
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 175	2,505,815	1,294,540	1,211,270	2,093,145	1,087,655	1,005,490
Car, truck, van - as a driver	1,509,390	870,970	638,420	1,475,585	803,485	672,095
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	139,630	49,845	89,785	114,580	49,075	65,500
Public transit	656,330	276,110	380,220	274,205	117,830	156,375
Walked	136,810	61,315	75,500	142,310	62,395	79,920
Bicycle	38,460	24,280	14,175	51,350	32,665	18,680
Other method	25,195	12,020	13,170	35,115	22,195	12,915
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 176	2,505,810	1,294,545	1,211,270	2,093,140	1,087,650	1,005,490
Less than 15 minutes	341,440	156,775	184,665	601,950	276,005	325,950
15 to 29 minutes	732,785	374,395	358,390	689,520	353,590	335,925
30 to 44 minutes	668,925	362,510	306,415	425,680	237,995	187,685
45 to 59 minutes	335,205	176,620	158,595	184,690	104,220	80,465
60 minutes and over	427,450	224,240	203,210	191,305	115,840	75,470
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 177	2,505,810	1,294,545	1,211,270	2,093,140	1,087,650	1,005,490
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	134,680	94,940	39,735	142,370	101,315	41,050
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	369,285	220,720	148,565	342,500	214,795	127,700
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	635,210	308,240	326,975	526,485	271,110	255,375
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	604,620	281,310	323,310	470,210	202,910	267,295
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	379,095	181,970	197,125	292,185	125,470	166,715
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	382,920	207,360	175,555	319,400	172,045	147,355
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 178	3,108,065	1,593,200	1,514,860	2,670,700	1,378,580	1,292,120
Single responses	3,030,280	1,555,755	1,474,515	2,622,495	1,354,780	1,267,710
Official languages	2,939,720	1,507,770	1,431,945	2,537,990	1,309,980	1,228,015
English	2,928,795	1,504,810	1,423,990	2,531,850	1,308,325	1,223,530
French	10,920	2,965	7,955	6,140	1,660	4,485
Non-official languages	90,555	47,985	42,570	84,500	44,805	39,705
Aboriginal languages	10	10	0	260	75	180
Algonquian languages	10	0	0	15	0	10
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	10
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	0	0	10	0	10
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	45	15	30
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	45	15	30
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	20	0	15
Chilcotin	0	0	0	20	10	10
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	10
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	110	30	85
Comox	0	0	0	10	0	10
Halkomelem	0	0	0	15	0	15
Lillooet	0	0	0	15	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	20	0	20
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	30	10	25
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	15	0	10
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	25	10	20
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	15	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	10	10	10
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	30	10	20
Haisla	0	0	0	10	0	10
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	10	10	10
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	10	10	10
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	90,550	47,985	42,570	84,245	44,730	39,520
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,790	1,015	770	440	295	145
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	100	45	55	0	0	10
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	20	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	85	35	50	10	0	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,680	970	710	435	295	135
Amharic	55	20	35	15	15	0
Arabic	1,115	725	385	320	235	85
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	100	75	30	25	20	10
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	335	100	240	75	30	50
Maltese	20	15	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	45	25	15	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,770	735	1,030	2,505	1,165	1,345
Khmer (Cambodian)	45	25	20	45	30	20
Vietnamese	1,720	715	1,010	2,460	1,140	1,325
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	1,055	395	660	825	385	440
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	25	0	15	20	0	20
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ilocano	35	20	15	30	15	20
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	35	20	20	65	35	20
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	935	345	590	695	320	375
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	20	15	10
Creole languages	25	25	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	15	10	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	1,805	870	935	30	15	20
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	45	25	25	0	0	0
Tamil	1,735	840	890	30	10	15
Telugu	25	0	20	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	26,205	14,420	11,790	23,765	13,305	10,460
Albanian	210	125	90	15	15	0
Armenian	130	70	65	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	5,180	2,515	2,665	950	440	510
Baltic languages	55	20	35	10	10	0
Latvian	0	10	10	0	0	0
Lithuanian	45	20	30	10	0	0
Slavic languages	5,130	2,500	2,635	935	435	500
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	40	30	10	15	0	10
Bulgarian	110	75	40	10	0	10
Croatian	80	60	25	30	10	25
Czech	15	10	0	40	20	10
Macedonian	80	30	40	0	0	10
Polish	1,440	770	670	115	50	70
Russian	2,445	1,070	1,375	565	255	315
Serbian	165	105	55	95	55	40
Serbo-Croatian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Slovak	50	30	15	15	10	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	680	290	390	40	25	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	10	0	0	10	10	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	10	10	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	355	140	220	805	465	335
Afrikaans	0	0	0	15	10	0
Danish	20	10	10	15	15	0
Dutch	60	40	20	120	70	45
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	220	65	150	590	330	260
Icelandic	10	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	10	10	15	10	10
Swedish	20	10	15	25	20	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	15	10	15	10	10	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	340	185	150	55	25	30
Indo-Iranian languages	10,565	5,875	4,690	19,805	11,280	8,535
Indo-Aryan languages	8,150	4,360	3,790	18,715	10,560	8,160
Bengali	295	145	155	15	15	0
Gujarati	585	200	385	35	15	25
Hindi	710	340	370	300	185	110
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	10	10	0	0	0	0
Marathi	30	15	15	0	0	0
Nepali	55	20	35	20	10	10
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5,490	3,150	2,340	18,295	10,310	7,985
Sindhi	20	10	10	0	0	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	15	10	0	0	0
Urdu	935	465	470	45	25	25
Iranian languages	2,415	1,515	895	1,085	720	365
Kurdish	85	70	10	25	25	0
Pashto	15	10	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	2,320	1,440	880	1,060	700	360
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	9,410	5,505	3,910	2,140	1,085	1,060
Catalan	10	10	0	10	10	0
Italian	720	390	335	110	50	60
Portuguese	4,910	3,240	1,670	515	255	260
Romanian	220	95	125	70	45	25
Spanish	3,545	1,775	1,775	1,435	725	710
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	10	0	0
Japanese	765	250	520	1,730	650	1,080
Kartvelian languages	10	10	10	0	0	0
Georgian	10	10	0	10	10	0
Korean	4,205	2,125	2,080	5,585	3,005	2,585
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Niger-Congo languages	70	35	35	10	15	0
Akan (Twi)	20	0	15	10	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	10	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	20	15	10	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	10	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	10	10	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	0	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	295	120	180	280	90	190
American Sign Language	195	50	140	215	45	165
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	105	65	40	70	45	25
Sino-Tibetan languages	51,785	27,560	24,220	48,735	25,645	23,085
Chinese languages	51,735	27,535	24,205	48,645	25,595	23,055
Cantonese	24,825	12,930	11,890	23,555	12,020	11,535
Hakka	35	10	30	15	0	10
Mandarin	25,715	14,005	11,710	23,835	12,935	10,900
Min Dong	30	20	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	220	145	75	210	120	85
Wu (Shanghainese)	25	20	0	50	25	20
Chinese, n.o.s.	890	405	480	985	485	500
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	50	30	25	85	50	30
Burmese	0	0	10	25	15	15
Karenic languages	0	0	0	55	35	15
Tibetan	45	30	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	70	30	40	170	65	110
Lao	10	0	0	10	0	10
Thai	60	30	35	165	65	105
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	405	275	130	65	50	15
Azerbaijani	15	10	10	0	10	0
Turkish	385	260	125	55	40	15
Uyghur	0	10	0	0	10	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	290	130	160	45	20	25
Estonian	50	10	35	0	0	0
Finnish	35	10	30	25	10	15
Hungarian	205	115	95	25	10	15
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	35	20	20
Multiple responses	77,785	37,445	40,340	48,205	23,795	24,410
English and French	15,535	6,000	9,535	4,210	1,865	2,345
English and non-official language	61,045	30,905	30,145	43,480	21,760	21,720
French and non-official language	75	45	35	55	30	25
English, French and non-official language	1,130	495	635	465	145	320
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 179	3,108,060	1,593,200	1,514,865	2,670,700	1,378,580	1,292,120
None	2,853,615	1,465,535	1,388,080	2,498,070	1,293,650	1,204,420
English	42,865	20,790	22,075	36,505	18,270	18,235
French	44,295	19,000	25,295	22,465	10,170	12,300
Non-official language	162,965	85,830	77,140	110,375	54,925	55,455
Aboriginal	125	30	90	1,860	630	1,225
Non-Aboriginal	162,840	85,790	77,050	108,515	54,295	54,225
English and French	85	40	45	60	40	15
English and non-official language	1,165	560	600	1,155	545	610
French and non-official language	3,050	1,430	1,620	2,070	980	1,090
English, French and non-official language	20	20	0	10	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 180	5,316,405	2,578,540	2,737,865	4,516,810	2,215,515	2,301,295
Non-movers	4,638,795	2,245,210	2,393,580	3,811,375	1,868,420	1,942,945
Movers	677,605	333,320	344,285	705,440	347,095	358,345
Non-migrants	411,950	201,845	210,100	386,620	189,765	196,855
Migrants	265,660	131,475	134,185	318,825	157,335	161,490
Internal migrants	163,550	80,665	82,885	249,960	123,425	126,540
Intraprovincial migrants	138,890	68,355	70,540	188,225	92,150	96,070
Interprovincial migrants	24,655	12,315	12,340	61,740	31,275	30,465
External migrants	102,110	50,810	51,300	68,860	33,910	34,950
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample dataCensus data footnote 181	5,092,400	2,463,705	2,628,690	4,339,960	2,124,780	2,215,180
Non-movers	3,128,180	1,505,965	1,622,210	2,490,535	1,220,635	1,269,905
Movers	1,964,220	957,740	1,006,480	1,849,425	904,145	945,275
Non-migrants	1,108,880	539,010	569,865	940,895	460,185	480,710
Migrants	855,345	418,730	436,615	908,535	443,965	464,570
Internal migrants	475,275	232,345	242,925	672,805	329,700	343,105
Intraprovincial migrants	411,920	201,625	210,295	503,685	245,895	257,795
Interprovincial migrants	63,350	30,720	32,630	169,115	83,805	85,310
External migrants	380,070	186,385	193,685	235,730	114,265	121,465