Census Profile, 2016 Census
Toronto [Population centre], Ontario and Nunavut [Territory]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Toronto Ontario [Population centre]			Nunavut [Territory]
	Data quality , Toronto [Population centre], Ontario Map : Toronto [Population centre], Ontario Change geography 1			Data quality : Nunavut [Territory] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	5,429,524	...	...	35,944	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	5,144,412 ^r	...	...	31,906	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	5.5	...	...	12.7	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	2,059,207	...	...	11,433	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	1,967,380	...	...	9,819	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	3,028.2	...	...	0.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	1,792.99	...	...	1,877,778.53	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	5,429,540	2,630,030	2,799,510	35,945	18,390	17,550
0 to 14 years	886,880	455,160	431,725	11,685	5,975	5,710
0 to 4 years	279,435	143,100	136,330	4,155	2,130	2,025
5 to 9 years	303,845	155,985	147,855	4,120	2,130	1,985
10 to 14 years	303,605	156,065	147,540	3,415	1,720	1,700
15 to 64 years	3,752,140	1,824,300	1,927,840	22,895	11,710	11,190
15 to 19 years	333,875	171,965	161,915	3,140	1,600	1,535
20 to 24 years	383,245	195,315	187,930	3,045	1,535	1,510
25 to 29 years	398,310	196,715	201,595	3,185	1,610	1,580
30 to 34 years	388,955	187,000	201,955	2,815	1,390	1,425
35 to 39 years	371,100	174,030	197,075	2,385	1,210	1,180
40 to 44 years	377,095	177,105	199,985	2,030	1,065	965
45 to 49 years	401,610	191,170	210,440	2,065	1,055	1,005
50 to 54 years	419,655	204,850	214,810	1,840	955	890
55 to 59 years	372,655	180,855	191,795	1,405	750	655
60 to 64 years	305,640	145,295	160,345	975	535	440
65 years and over	790,515	350,565	439,945	1,360	710	655
65 to 69 years	257,495	121,000	136,495	655	340	310
70 to 74 years	180,655	83,640	97,015	345	180	165
75 to 79 years	140,090	62,395	77,705	205	110	100
80 to 84 years	104,975	45,295	59,685	105	50	50
85 years and over	107,290	38,240	69,050	55	25	25
85 to 89 years	67,280	26,150	41,130	40	20	25
90 to 94 years	31,290	9,890	21,400	10	5	5
95 to 99 years	7,520	1,985	5,540	5	5	5
100 years and over	1,195	220	980	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.3	17.3	15.4	32.5	32.5	32.5
15 to 64 years	69.1	69.4	68.9	63.7	63.7	63.8
65 years and over	14.6	13.3	15.7	3.8	3.9	3.7
85 years and over	2.0	1.5	2.5	0.2	0.1	0.1
Average age of the population	39.8	38.7	40.7	27.7	27.8	27.5
Median age of the population	39.4	38.1	40.4	25.1	25.2	25.1
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	1,967,380	...	...	9,820	...	...
Single-detached house	721,585	...	...	4,355	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	622,945	...	...	110	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	622,360	...	...	5,335	...	...
Semi-detached house	148,745	...	...	875	...	...
Row house	178,590	...	...	2,960	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	85,880	...	...	175	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	205,820	...	...	1,300	...	...
Other single-attached house	3,320	...	...	15	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	495	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	1,967,380	...	...	9,820	...	...
1 person	492,315	...	...	1,855	...	...
2 persons	547,370	...	...	1,890	...	...
3 persons	343,060	...	...	1,495	...	...
4 persons	340,325	...	...	1,545	...	...
5 or more persons	244,310	...	...	3,030	...	...
Number of persons in private households	5,370,520	...	...	35,580	...	...
Average household size	2.7	...	...	3.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	4,542,655	2,174,870	2,367,785	24,260	12,415	11,840
Married or living common law	2,503,410	1,251,495	1,251,915	12,895	6,480	6,420
Married	2,243,340	1,119,090	1,124,250	6,625	3,350	3,280
Living common law	260,075	132,405	127,665	6,270	3,130	3,140
Not married and not living common law	2,039,245	923,375	1,115,870	11,360	5,935	5,425
Never married	1,439,665	744,990	694,675	9,790	5,345	4,450
Separated	119,725	46,900	72,830	405	185	215
Divorced	253,000	90,060	162,945	440	190	255
Widowed	226,850	41,430	185,420	720	220	505
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	1,481,755	...	...	8,780	...	...
2 persons	623,865	...	...	2,825	...	...
3 persons	365,285	...	...	2,145	...	...
4 persons	353,935	...	...	1,690	...	...
5 or more persons	138,675	...	...	2,115	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	1,481,755	...	...	8,780	...	...
Total couple families	1,208,530	...	...	6,225	...	...
Married couples	1,078,590	...	...	3,095	...	...
Common-law couples	129,945	...	...	3,135	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	273,230	...	...	2,550	...	...
Female parent	227,295	...	...	1,820	...	...
Male parent	45,930	...	...	735	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	1,208,530	...	...	6,230	...	...
Couples without children	461,640	...	...	1,465	...	...
Couples with children	746,890	...	...	4,760	...	...
1 child	286,260	...	...	1,440	...	...
2 children	330,465	...	...	1,400	...	...
3 or more children	130,170	...	...	1,920	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	273,225	...	...	2,555	...	...
1 child	162,225	...	...	1,360	...	...
2 children	79,025	...	...	700	...	...
3 or more children	31,980	...	...	485	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	875,705	394,065	481,640	4,475	2,555	1,915
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	1,967,380	...	...	9,820	...	...
One-census-family households	1,299,140	...	...	6,355	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	391,905	...	...	1,065	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	907,235	...	...	5,290	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	87,660	...	...	1,140	...	...
Non-census-family households	580,575	...	...	2,320	...	...
One-person households	492,310	...	...	1,855	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	88,265	...	...	470	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	5,389,435	2,613,915	2,775,520	35,690	18,200	17,490
English only	4,700,275	2,324,460	2,375,810	32,065	16,345	15,715
French only	4,635	1,940	2,695	60	35	20
English and French	431,595	187,195	244,400	1,525	795	725
Neither English nor French	252,930	100,320	152,610	2,045	1,025	1,025
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	5,389,435	2,613,915	2,775,520	35,690	18,200	17,490
English	5,023,255	2,461,895	2,561,360	32,990	16,795	16,195
French	66,870	30,880	35,990	580	340	240
English and French	49,885	22,535	27,355	90	50	40
Neither English nor French	249,425	98,610	150,810	2,025	1,015	1,015
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	91,815	42,145	49,670	625	365	260
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.7	1.6	1.8	1.8	2.0	1.5
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	5,389,435	2,613,915	2,775,520	35,695	18,200	17,490
Single responses	5,163,885	2,504,960	2,658,915	34,960	17,830	17,130
Official languages	2,749,615	1,362,280	1,387,335	11,615	6,085	5,530
English	2,690,050	1,334,640	1,355,410	11,020	5,740	5,280
French	59,565	27,640	31,930	595	350	240
Non-official languages	2,414,265	1,142,680	1,271,580	23,345	11,740	11,605
Aboriginal languages	530	235	295	22,610	11,360	11,250
Algonquian languages	365	160	200	15	5	10
Blackfoot	10	5	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	100	35	65	0	0	0
Atikamekw	5	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	10	5	5	0	0	0
Naskapi	5	0	5	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	5	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	5	0	5	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	5	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	25	5	15	0	0	0
Woods Cree	5	5	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	50	15	35	5	0	5
Eastern Algonquian languages	30	10	15	5	5	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	25	10	15	5	5	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	225	105	120	0	0	0
Algonquin	5	0	5	0	0	0
Ojibway	195	95	100	5	0	0
Oji-Cree	10	5	5	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	25	10	15	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	20	5	10	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	5	5	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	5	5	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	5	0	0	0	5
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	10	5	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	5	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	35	15	25	22,600	11,355	11,245
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	495	220	275
Inuktitut	30	15	20	22,070	11,125	10,945
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	30	10	20
Iroquoian languages	20	5	15	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	15	5	10	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	5	0	5	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	5	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	5	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	5	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	5	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	75	40	40	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	2,413,740	1,142,445	1,271,290	735	380	350
Afro-Asiatic languages	134,720	67,180	67,540	75	60	20
Berber languages	210	120	85	0	0	0
Kabyle	100	50	45	5	5	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	110	70	40	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	14,355	6,170	8,185	10	10	0
Bilen	75	45	35	0	0	0
Oromo	1,000	490	515	5	5	0
Somali	13,210	5,605	7,610	10	5	5
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	60	35	25	0	0	0
Semitic languages	119,800	60,705	59,100	60	45	15
Amharic	7,410	3,350	4,060	20	10	5
Arabic	81,030	41,680	39,345	40	30	10
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	9,715	4,745	4,970	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	1,760	880	875	0	0	0
Harari	925	440	485	0	0	0
Hebrew	10,220	5,460	4,760	0	0	0
Maltese	3,225	1,585	1,640	0	0	0
Tigrigna	4,690	2,145	2,545	5	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	835	415	415	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	355	185	170	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	49,620	22,650	26,970	5	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	2,850	1,285	1,570	0	5	0
Vietnamese	46,705	21,345	25,365	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	60	25	40	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	156,930	62,290	94,640	175	65	105
Bikol	455	200	255	0	0	0
Cebuano	4,960	1,980	2,980	5	5	5
Fijian	55	25	25	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	2,260	865	1,390	5	5	5
Ilocano	9,290	3,630	5,660	20	5	10
Malagasy	25	10	15	0	0	0
Malay	4,235	1,910	2,325	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	1,245	560	685	0	0	0
Pangasinan	455	185	270	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	132,655	52,415	80,230	135	50	80
Waray-Waray	310	100	205	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	995	400	595	0	0	0
Creole languages	5,370	2,505	2,870	0	0	5
Haitian Creole	200	95	105	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	3,300	1,555	1,750	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	1,870	850	1,015	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	128,815	63,390	65,420	20	10	10
Kannada	1,955	980	975	0	0	0
Malayalam	12,100	6,220	5,880	5	0	0
Tamil	105,815	51,355	54,455	15	10	5
Telugu	8,680	4,710	3,970	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	265	125	135	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	25	10	15	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,297,780	627,740	670,040	270	145	120
Albanian	12,905	6,435	6,470	0	0	0
Armenian	12,190	5,880	6,310	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	247,160	113,045	134,115	40	30	15
Baltic languages	5,180	2,060	3,120	0	0	0
Latvian	2,130	855	1,280	0	0	0
Lithuanian	3,045	1,210	1,840	0	0	0
Slavic languages	241,985	110,985	131,000	45	30	15
Belarusan	350	165	185	0	0	0
Bosnian	2,655	1,285	1,365	0	0	0
Bulgarian	6,735	3,245	3,490	0	5	0
Croatian	14,560	6,925	7,640	0	0	0
Czech	4,455	2,075	2,380	5	0	0
Macedonian	11,265	5,345	5,920	0	0	0
Polish	64,390	29,060	35,330	15	15	0
Russian	80,190	36,365	43,825	10	5	5
Serbian	20,780	10,105	10,675	5	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	2,355	1,100	1,255	0	0	0
Slovak	4,910	2,285	2,625	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	3,385	1,465	1,915	0	0	0
Ukrainian	25,480	11,325	14,155	5	5	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	465	240	230	0	0	0
Celtic languages	410	190	220	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	150	65	80	0	0	0
Welsh	125	50	75	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	135	70	60	0	0	0
Germanic languages	39,530	17,780	21,745	70	40	30
Afrikaans	885	430	455	0	0	0
Danish	1,270	565	705	5	5	0
Dutch	6,765	3,165	3,600	15	5	5
Frisian	100	45	55	0	0	0
German	25,400	11,270	14,130	35	20	15
Icelandic	85	40	40	0	0	0
Norwegian	345	155	190	10	5	5
Swedish	1,045	445	595	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	250	90	155	0	0	0
Yiddish	3,335	1,545	1,795	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	5	0	0
Greek	39,575	19,195	20,380	5	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages	567,140	285,560	281,580	85	45	45
Indo-Aryan languages	456,675	230,085	226,585	80	40	35
Bengali	37,850	19,030	18,815	25	15	15
Gujarati	62,495	31,320	31,175	5	0	0
Hindi	46,605	23,420	23,190	5	5	5
Kashmiri	260	135	125	0	0	0
Konkani	2,105	995	1,110	0	0	0
Marathi	4,350	2,215	2,140	0	0	5
Nepali	4,605	2,315	2,290	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	570	310	265	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	165,565	84,145	81,415	5	5	0
Sindhi	5,585	2,605	2,980	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	7,580	3,660	3,920	0	0	5
Urdu	119,105	59,940	59,165	25	15	15
Iranian languages	108,615	54,495	54,125	10	5	5
Kurdish	2,710	1,515	1,195	0	5	0
Pashto	7,425	3,820	3,605	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	98,475	49,155	49,325	10	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	1,850	980	865	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	378,865	179,655	199,210	60	30	30
Catalan	160	85	75	0	0	0
Italian	137,515	65,390	72,125	5	5	5
Portuguese	97,295	46,505	50,790	5	5	0
Romanian	23,740	11,070	12,670	10	0	5
Spanish	119,935	56,500	63,440	45	20	25
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	220	100	120	0	0	0
Japanese	9,440	3,285	6,150	0	0	5
Kartvelian languages	1,100	590	510	0	0	0
Georgian	1,100	590	510	0	0	0
Korean	53,940	24,750	29,190	10	0	5
Mongolic languages	345	160	190	0	0	0
Mongolian	345	155	190	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	23,670	11,085	12,580	75	50	30
Akan (Twi)	8,365	3,850	4,515	5	5	0
Bamanankan	55	25	30	0	0	0
Edo	1,015	410	605	0	0	0
Ewe	360	180	180	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	220	115	105	0	0	0
Ga	430	195	235	0	0	0
Ganda	500	240	265	0	0	0
Igbo	1,495	765	735	5	0	0
Lingala	375	175	195	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	350	165	185	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	375	165	205	0	0	0
Shona	655	305	340	15	10	5
Swahili	3,160	1,475	1,690	5	0	0
Wolof	160	85	75	0	0	0
Yoruba	3,265	1,650	1,610	10	5	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	2,885	1,285	1,600	30	15	15
Nilo-Saharan languages	340	185	155	0	0	0
Dinka	45	25	15	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	295	160	135	0	0	0
Sign languages	1,060	585	485	20	10	10
American Sign Language	360	195	165	5	0	5
Quebec Sign Language	5	0	5	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	700	385	315	10	5	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	507,190	235,560	271,630	50	20	30
Chinese languages	500,745	232,420	268,320	50	20	30
Cantonese	242,915	112,790	130,125	15	5	10
Hakka	6,385	2,865	3,525	0	0	0
Mandarin	223,015	103,800	119,215	10	5	5
Min Dong	760	365	395	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	11,360	5,250	6,115	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5,220	2,345	2,875	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10,895	4,915	5,980	20	10	15
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	190	95	95	5	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	6,445	3,140	3,305	5	0	0
Burmese	995	445	550	0	0	0
Karenic languages	270	130	140	0	0	0
Tibetan	4,855	2,395	2,460	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	330	170	160	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	3,660	1,495	2,175	0	0	5
Lao	2,090	1,010	1,075	0	0	0
Thai	1,555	475	1,080	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	20	5	15	0	0	0
Turkic languages	16,295	8,475	7,810	5	0	5
Azerbaijani	1,590	855	740	0	0	0
Turkish	13,345	6,965	6,375	5	0	0
Uyghur	370	185	190	0	0	0
Uzbek	580	295	290	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	400	180	220	0	0	0
Uralic languages	22,500	10,030	12,465	20	10	5
Estonian	2,505	1,025	1,485	0	0	0
Finnish	2,135	845	1,290	5	5	5
Hungarian	17,855	8,160	9,690	10	5	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	935	480	455	5	0	5
Multiple responses	225,555	108,955	116,600	735	370	365
English and French	13,775	6,385	7,395	25	10	15
English and non-official language	199,835	97,180	102,650	685	355	335
French and non-official language	5,810	2,620	3,185	10	5	10
English, French and non-official language	6,135	2,770	3,370	10	5	5
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	5,389,430	2,613,915	2,775,520	35,695	18,200	17,490
Single responses	4,852,000	2,355,300	2,496,695	35,085	17,895	17,185
Official languages	3,440,400	1,687,780	1,752,620	17,030	8,660	8,370
English	3,412,630	1,674,945	1,737,680	16,685	8,470	8,215
French	27,770	12,830	14,940	345	190	155
Non-official languages	1,411,600	667,525	744,070	18,055	9,240	8,815
Aboriginal languages	155	75	75	17,735	9,070	8,665
Algonquian languages	75	40	35	5	5	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	25	15	10	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	5	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	5	0	5	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	5	0	5	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	45	20	20	5	5	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	35	20	15	5	5	0
Oji-Cree	5	0	5	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	10	10	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	5	0	5	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	5	5	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	10	5	5	17,735	9,070	8,665
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	110	45	60
Inuktitut	10	10	0	17,600	9,015	8,590
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	15
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	5	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	50	25	25	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,411,445	667,445	743,995	320	165	150
Afro-Asiatic languages	71,690	34,320	37,370	30	20	15
Berber languages	60	30	25	0	0	0
Kabyle	30	15	15	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	35	15	15	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	8,365	3,525	4,840	5	5	0
Bilen	40	20	25	0	0	0
Oromo	545	255	295	0	5	0
Somali	7,750	3,240	4,510	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	30	10	15	0	0	0
Semitic languages	63,080	30,675	32,405	25	15	10
Amharic	3,805	1,675	2,130	15	5	5
Arabic	43,100	21,220	21,885	15	5	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	6,540	3,140	3,405	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	1,055	520	535	0	0	0
Harari	515	240	280	0	0	0
Hebrew	4,320	2,220	2,100	0	0	0
Maltese	835	380	455	0	0	0
Tigrigna	2,465	1,080	1,385	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	430	205	230	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	185	85	95	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	32,635	14,890	17,745	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,555	675	880	0	0	0
Vietnamese	31,045	14,200	16,840	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	35	15	20	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	71,195	30,350	40,850	120	55	60
Bikol	80	35	45	0	0	0
Cebuano	1,850	800	1,055	0	0	0
Fijian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	755	325	435	0	0	0
Ilocano	3,400	1,455	1,940	0	0	0
Malagasy	10	5	10	0	0	0
Malay	1,380	670	715	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	385	175	210	0	0	0
Pangasinan	80	35	40	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	62,885	26,685	36,200	110	55	60
Waray-Waray	75	30	45	5	0	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	280	130	150	0	0	0
Creole languages	2,790	1,290	1,505	5	5	0
Haitian Creole	120	55	65	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	1,915	885	1,030	5	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	760	350	410	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	85,480	41,250	44,230	15	10	5
Kannada	805	405	400	0	0	0
Malayalam	6,220	3,175	3,045	0	0	0
Tamil	73,640	35,095	38,550	15	10	5
Telugu	4,720	2,535	2,185	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	95	40	55	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	695,550	333,855	361,695	85	50	35
Albanian	6,225	3,115	3,110	0	0	0
Armenian	7,350	3,475	3,875	5	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	129,425	60,445	68,980	10	5	5
Baltic languages	1,600	660	935	0	0	0
Latvian	575	235	340	0	0	0
Lithuanian	1,025	430	595	0	0	0
Slavic languages	127,825	59,780	68,045	10	5	5
Belarusan	125	60	60	0	0	0
Bosnian	1,300	630	675	0	0	0
Bulgarian	3,775	1,840	1,935	0	0	0
Croatian	5,360	2,565	2,800	0	0	0
Czech	1,345	650	695	0	0	0
Macedonian	4,745	2,250	2,495	0	0	0
Polish	31,135	14,470	16,660	5	0	0
Russian	51,855	24,065	27,785	5	0	0
Serbian	11,975	5,800	6,175	0	5	0
Serbo-Croatian	915	430	490	0	0	0
Slovak	2,185	1,065	1,120	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	825	355	475	0	0	0
Ukrainian	12,150	5,545	6,605	0	5	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	130	55	75	0	0	0
Celtic languages	60	30	25	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	25	10	10	0	0	0
Welsh	10	10	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0	0	0
Germanic languages	4,725	2,150	2,580	5	5	5
Afrikaans	250	110	135	0	0	0
Danish	120	50	65	0	0	0
Dutch	550	255	295	0	0	0
Frisian	5	0	5	0	0	0
German	3,145	1,410	1,735	0	5	0
Icelandic	20	5	15	0	0	0
Norwegian	40	15	20	0	0	0
Swedish	215	100	115	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	25	15	10	0	0	0
Yiddish	350	175	175	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Greek	16,600	7,760	8,845	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	355,150	175,850	179,300	45	25	20
Indo-Aryan languages	282,005	140,240	141,765	45	25	20
Bengali	24,325	12,005	12,325	20	15	10
Gujarati	37,390	18,335	19,060	0	0	0
Hindi	23,355	11,620	11,735	0	0	0
Kashmiri	45	20	25	0	0	0
Konkani	430	205	225	0	0	0
Marathi	1,955	1,005	950	5	0	0
Nepali	3,040	1,540	1,500	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	270	135	140	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	112,680	56,685	55,995	0	5	0
Sindhi	2,405	1,100	1,310	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	3,440	1,685	1,760	0	0	0
Urdu	72,660	35,910	36,745	15	5	5
Iranian languages	72,405	35,235	37,170	5	5	0
Kurdish	1,440	780	660	0	0	0
Pashto	4,695	2,355	2,340	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	66,275	32,095	34,175	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	740	375	360	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	176,010	81,040	94,970	25	15	10
Catalan	80	40	40	0	0	0
Italian	48,970	20,920	28,055	0	0	0
Portuguese	48,110	23,050	25,055	0	0	0
Romanian	11,610	5,390	6,225	0	5	0
Spanish	67,175	31,610	35,565	15	10	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	65	30	35	0	0	0
Japanese	4,480	1,915	2,565	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	745	405	335	0	0	0
Georgian	740	405	340	0	0	0
Korean	37,770	17,625	20,140	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	200	105	100	0	0	0
Mongolian	205	105	100	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	8,870	3,960	4,905	20	10	10
Akan (Twi)	4,015	1,740	2,280	0	5	0
Bamanankan	15	5	10	0	0	0
Edo	295	120	175	0	0	0
Ewe	90	40	50	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	75	35	40	0	0	0
Ga	145	65	80	0	0	0
Ganda	150	70	85	0	0	0
Igbo	410	205	205	5	5	5
Lingala	90	40	55	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	125	60	65	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	115	50	65	0	0	0
Shona	225	105	115	5	0	0
Swahili	1,230	540	685	0	0	0
Wolof	75	45	35	0	0	0
Yoruba	1,070	515	555	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	730	330	400	5	5	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	85	45	45	0	0	0
Dinka	10	5	5	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	75	40	35	0	0	0
Sign languages	1,660	965	700	35	20	15
American Sign Language	555	295	260	5	0	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	1,105	660	440	25	15	15
Sino-Tibetan languages	378,605	177,030	201,575	15	5	10
Chinese languages	374,020	174,765	199,255	15	5	10
Cantonese	179,480	82,480	97,000	5	0	5
Hakka	2,675	1,215	1,465	0	0	0
Mandarin	176,695	84,105	92,590	5	0	5
Min Dong	240	105	135	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	4,980	2,280	2,700	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	3,090	1,450	1,640	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	6,775	3,100	3,675	5	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	85	35	45	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	4,585	2,260	2,325	0	0	0
Burmese	570	260	305	0	0	0
Karenic languages	210	105	110	0	0	0
Tibetan	3,700	1,835	1,860	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	105	55	50	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	1,530	715	810	0	0	0
Lao	970	470	495	0	0	0
Thai	550	240	305	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	10	0	5	0	0	0
Turkic languages	9,285	4,650	4,635	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	640	325	315	0	0	0
Turkish	7,975	3,980	3,995	0	0	0
Uyghur	215	110	100	0	0	0
Uzbek	310	165	145	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	145	70	75	0	0	0
Uralic languages	8,560	3,920	4,640	0	0	0
Estonian	630	230	395	0	0	0
Finnish	415	180	240	0	0	0
Hungarian	7,515	3,505	4,010	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	320	165	155	0	0	0
Multiple responses	537,435	258,615	278,825	610	305	305
English and French	12,185	5,585	6,600	20	10	10
English and non-official language	512,690	247,515	265,170	585	290	295
French and non-official language	2,330	1,030	1,300	5	5	0
English, French and non-official language	10,240	4,485	5,750	5	5	5
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	5,389,435	2,613,915	2,775,520	35,690	18,205	17,490
None	4,059,895	1,975,765	2,084,135	17,430	8,995	8,435
English	573,230	280,980	292,255	9,555	4,885	4,670
French	48,015	20,920	27,090	240	130	110
Non-official language	683,225	324,520	358,710	8,425	4,175	4,250
Aboriginal	435	185	250	7,990	3,960	4,025
Non-Aboriginal	682,790	324,330	358,460	435	215	220
English and French	3,820	1,765	2,055	0	0	0
English and non-official language	13,105	6,410	6,695	20	15	10
French and non-official language	7,895	3,445	4,455	15	5	10
English, French and non-official language	250	115	135	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	4,485,350	2,151,700	2,333,645	23,930	12,180	11,755
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	4,254,740	2,041,845	2,212,895	22,435	11,345	11,090
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,014	35,486	27,686	29,743	28,817	30,326
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	4,255,435	2,042,025	2,213,410	22,435	11,345	11,090
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,692	32,291	25,941	28,635	27,517	29,403
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	3,735,375	1,836,390	1,898,990	19,220	9,910	9,315
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,152	37,338	27,784	30,583	31,667	29,517
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	3,068,395	1,352,495	1,715,905	21,890	11,040	10,840
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	2,123	998	3,741	2,524	1,275	4,682
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	3,153,650	1,595,810	1,557,845	18,590	9,605	8,985
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,317	38,641	30,510	29,724	30,603	28,640
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	4,485,725	2,151,900	2,333,830	23,935	12,175	11,755
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	4,255,475	2,041,985	2,213,490	22,435	11,345	11,090
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	50,118	59,794	41,191	50,689	50,882	50,492
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	4,256,160	2,042,200	2,213,965	22,435	11,345	11,090
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,278	46,588	34,458	43,247	42,937	43,564
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	3,735,945	1,836,465	1,899,480	19,225	9,905	9,310
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	51,862	62,449	41,625	52,115	53,453	50,693
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	3,068,135	1,352,300	1,715,830	21,885	11,045	10,845
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,363	5,481	7,058	6,191	4,314	8,103
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	3,153,965	1,596,085	1,557,885	18,590	9,605	8,980
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	51,662	60,906	42,192	51,195	52,454	49,849
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	4,485,730	2,151,895	2,333,830	23,930	12,175	11,755
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	1,488,180	818,260	669,925	7,580	3,925	3,655
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	55,941	60,166	51,725	90,230	88,548	91,332
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	74,842	84,302	63,286	88,321	89,311	87,259
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	90.8	93.9	86.7	88.1	91.8	84.3
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	76.3	79.6	72.0	83.7	87.2	80.0
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	9.2	6.1	13.3	11.9	8.3	15.7
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	4,485,350	2,151,700	2,333,645	23,930	12,180	11,755
Without total income	230,610	109,860	120,750	1,495	830	665
With total income	4,254,740	2,041,845	2,212,895	22,435	11,345	11,095
Percentage with total income	94.9	94.9	94.8	93.8	93.1	94.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	763,555	347,080	416,480	5,320	3,165	2,155
$10,000 to $19,999	770,435	327,705	442,735	3,350	1,480	1,870
$20,000 to $29,999	545,305	236,955	308,355	2,610	1,135	1,475
$30,000 to $39,999	426,865	193,445	233,420	1,810	840	965
$40,000 to $49,999	371,190	172,520	198,670	1,190	575	610
$50,000 to $59,999	294,250	143,010	151,240	810	400	410
$60,000 to $69,999	231,875	119,655	112,220	730	375	360
$70,000 to $79,999	181,995	98,550	83,450	735	370	365
$80,000 to $89,999	144,615	80,165	64,445	820	440	380
$90,000 to $99,999	122,530	65,300	57,230	835	375	460
$100,000 and over	402,130	257,465	144,665	4,230	2,185	2,045
$100,000 to $149,999	244,815	148,925	95,890	3,215	1,570	1,645
$150,000 and over	157,310	108,540	48,770	1,010	615	400
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	4,485,345	2,151,705	2,333,645	23,930	12,180	11,755
Without after-tax income	229,915	109,680	120,235	1,495	835	665
With after-tax income	4,255,435	2,042,025	2,213,415	22,435	11,345	11,095
Percentage with after-tax income	94.9	94.9	94.8	93.8	93.1	94.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	776,015	351,385	424,630	5,335	3,165	2,170
$10,000 to $19,999	800,145	341,855	458,290	3,410	1,530	1,880
$20,000 to $29,999	622,175	273,000	349,175	2,825	1,250	1,570
$30,000 to $39,999	506,890	233,435	273,455	1,920	915	1,005
$40,000 to $49,999	428,590	204,910	223,685	1,270	605	665
$50,000 to $59,999	313,515	160,735	152,780	980	500	485
$60,000 to $69,999	229,640	125,710	103,935	1,015	505	510
$70,000 to $79,999	176,635	96,460	80,175	1,085	555	530
$80,000 and over	401,835	254,535	147,295	4,595	2,315	2,280
$80,000 to $89,999	118,825	67,420	51,400	1,095	500	590
$90,000 to $99,999	71,215	44,080	27,140	1,025	480	550
$100,000 and over	211,795	143,035	68,760	2,475	1,335	1,145
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	4,485,345	2,151,705	2,333,645	23,930	12,180	11,755
Without employment income	1,331,700	555,895	775,805	5,340	2,575	2,770
With employment income	3,153,650	1,595,805	1,557,845	18,590	9,600	8,985
Percentage with employment income	70.3	74.2	66.8	77.7	78.8	76.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	396,680	186,410	210,270	3,930	1,925	2,000
$5,000 to $9,999	263,610	119,885	143,725	1,800	875	925
$10,000 to $19,999	435,350	205,860	229,490	2,150	1,135	1,015
$20,000 to $29,999	343,395	158,605	184,785	1,440	815	620
$30,000 to $39,999	309,985	145,840	164,145	1,025	580	445
$40,000 to $49,999	283,815	135,050	148,765	815	430	380
$50,000 to $59,999	231,700	117,150	114,550	710	350	360
$60,000 to $69,999	185,380	98,655	86,730	655	355	295
$70,000 to $79,999	148,890	83,255	65,635	680	360	320
$80,000 and over	554,845	345,095	209,755	5,390	2,775	2,615
$80,000 to $89,999	121,685	69,155	52,525	755	410	345
$90,000 to $99,999	108,555	57,950	50,600	805	345	460
$100,000 and over	324,605	217,980	106,625	3,830	2,020	1,810
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	1,967,380	...	...	9,820	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	76,518	...	...	97,441	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	67,196	...	...	85,605	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	492,315	...	...	1,855	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	39,284	...	...	72,960	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	35,101	...	...	61,184	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	1,475,070	...	...	7,965	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	92,630	...	...	102,778	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	81,323	...	...	91,402	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	1,967,555	...	...	9,815	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	108,395	...	...	115,823	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	87,128	...	...	98,818	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	492,475	...	...	1,855	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	55,739	...	...	79,545	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	44,666	...	...	65,262	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	1,475,085	...	...	7,965	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	125,975	...	...	124,267	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	101,304	...	...	106,628	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	1,967,380	...	...	9,820	...	...
Under $5,000	45,670	...	...	105	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	31,255	...	...	265	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	48,970	...	...	205	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	72,860	...	...	235	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	69,080	...	...	295	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	71,255	...	...	300	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	72,655	...	...	325	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	74,045	...	...	325	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	73,960	...	...	340	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	72,565	...	...	305	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	140,110	...	...	550	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	131,050	...	...	520	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	121,160	...	...	435	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	111,745	...	...	415	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	102,675	...	...	410	...	...
$100,000 and over	728,325	...	...	4,795	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	205,845	...	...	1,070	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	149,570	...	...	920	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	178,280	...	...	1,160	...	...
$200,000 and over	194,630	...	...	1,645	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	1,967,380	...	...	9,820	...	...
Under $5,000	48,175	...	...	100	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	31,565	...	...	270	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	49,785	...	...	210	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	75,575	...	...	240	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	75,690	...	...	300	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	78,360	...	...	325	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	82,540	...	...	330	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	87,000	...	...	350	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	89,295	...	...	340	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	87,435	...	...	355	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	167,070	...	...	615	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	152,470	...	...	590	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	139,615	...	...	560	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	123,875	...	...	575	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	106,420	...	...	565	...	...
$100,000 and over	572,520	...	...	4,100	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	204,555	...	...	1,200	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	133,630	...	...	835	...	...
$150,000 and over	234,340	...	...	2,070	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	1,418,695	...	...	7,705	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	92,279	...	...	99,421	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	80,950	...	...	88,747	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.3	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	381,755	...	...	1,005	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	83,997	...	...	162,304	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	73,015	...	...	136,265	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	745,680	...	...	4,640	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	112,062	...	...	110,476	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	97,348	...	...	98,481	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.1	...	...	5.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	240,690	...	...	1,700	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	56,356	...	...	53,760	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	52,125	...	...	52,070	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	1,418,175	...	...	7,705	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	126,555	...	...	121,531	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	101,479	...	...	104,373	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	381,845	...	...	1,005	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	120,732	...	...	162,943	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	94,620	...	...	134,556	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	746,125	...	...	4,635	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	148,376	...	...	132,126	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	118,509	...	...	113,780	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	239,190	...	...	1,700	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	73,147	...	...	72,190	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	62,554	...	...	64,121	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	710,010	335,120	374,890	2,705	1,580	1,130
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	32,181	32,948	31,573	61,995	50,048	78,080
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	29,543	30,010	29,180	54,496	45,227	66,918
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	708,525	333,920	374,605	2,705	1,585	1,130
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	47,700	50,146	45,520	74,013	68,372	81,933
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	38,832	40,028	37,766	61,196	56,528	67,748
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	5,370,515	2,605,995	2,764,520	35,580	18,135	17,440
In the bottom half of the distribution	2,635,600	1,252,915	1,382,690	19,105	9,740	9,360
In the bottom decile	626,795	302,630	324,165	5,315	2,730	2,590
In the second decile	553,235	255,400	297,840	4,460	2,250	2,210
In the third decile	503,590	237,300	266,285	3,725	1,915	1,815
In the fourth decile	478,745	228,975	249,770	2,865	1,470	1,395
In the fifth decile	473,240	228,615	244,630	2,725	1,380	1,355
In the top half of the distribution	2,734,920	1,353,085	1,381,835	16,475	8,390	8,085
In the sixth decile	476,880	231,510	245,375	2,285	1,195	1,085
In the seventh decile	489,145	239,025	250,120	2,420	1,250	1,175
In the eighth decile	516,090	254,485	261,605	2,555	1,290	1,260
In the ninth decile	568,130	282,000	286,135	3,180	1,635	1,550
In the top decile	684,665	346,070	338,600	6,035	3,020	3,015
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	5,370,520	2,605,995	2,764,525	0	0	0
0 to 17 years	1,077,570	553,445	524,125	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	337,255	172,765	164,490	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	3,542,115	1,714,060	1,828,055	0	0	0
65 years and over	750,830	338,490	412,345	0	0	0
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	873,325	411,775	461,550	0	0	0
0 to 17 years	223,495	115,235	108,260	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	72,435	37,260	35,175	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	542,900	254,105	288,795	0	0	0
65 years and over	106,920	42,430	64,490	0	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	16.3	15.8	16.7	...	...	...
0 to 17 years (%)	20.7	20.8	20.7	...	...	...
0 to 5 years (%)	21.5	21.6	21.4	...	...	...
18 to 64 years (%)	15.3	14.8	15.8	...	...	...
65 years and over (%)	14.2	12.5	15.6	...	...	...
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	732,405	350,620	381,780	0	0	0
0 to 17 years	173,895	89,620	84,270	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	56,775	29,135	27,640	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	487,620	234,110	253,505	0	0	0
65 years and over	70,895	26,885	44,005	0	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	13.6	13.5	13.8	...	...	...
0 to 17 years (%)	16.1	16.2	16.1	...	...	...
0 to 5 years (%)	16.8	16.9	16.8	...	...	...
18 to 64 years (%)	13.8	13.7	13.9	...	...	...
65 years and over (%)	9.4	7.9	10.7	...	...	...
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	5,371,025	2,606,395	2,764,630	35,580	18,135	17,445
Official languages	5,119,210	2,506,430	2,612,780	33,535	17,120	16,420
English	5,114,880	2,504,655	2,610,225	33,485	17,080	16,400
French	433,650	187,295	246,355	1,565	820	745
Non-official languages	2,980,865	1,420,145	1,560,715	28,440	14,375	14,065
Aboriginal languages	985	405	585	27,345	13,815	13,530
Algonquian languages	825	350	475	30	15	15
Blackfoot	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	185	85	100	15	10	10
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	55	30	20	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	25	0	15	0	0	0
Woods Cree	15	10	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	90	35	55	15	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	45	25	20	0	10	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	45	25	25	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	595	240	355	10	0	0
Algonquin	15	10	10	0	0	0
Ojibway	560	230	330	10	10	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	15	10	10	10	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	15	10	10	10	0	10
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	10	0	0	10	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	25	10	15	27,320	13,805	13,520
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	1,135	525	615
Inuktitut	10	0	10	26,215	13,305	12,910
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	35	15	20
Iroquoian languages	55	15	40	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	45	15	35	0	0	0
Oneida	10	10	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	15	10	10	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	10	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	10	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	25	20	10	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	2,979,935	1,419,770	1,560,165	1,235	625	605
Afro-Asiatic languages	203,300	101,890	101,410	120	80	40
Berber languages	235	135	100	0	0	0
Kabyle	75	40	30	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	165	95	70	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	20,380	8,885	11,490	25	15	0
Bilen	75	45	30	0	0	0
Oromo	1,390	590	800	0	0	0
Somali	18,905	8,230	10,675	25	15	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	85	35	50	0	0	0
Semitic languages	183,945	93,490	90,450	85	60	30
Amharic	11,365	5,280	6,080	20	20	0
Arabic	119,665	61,755	57,905	55	45	20
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	11,995	5,860	6,140	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	2,080	1,040	1,035	0	0	0
Harari	1,250	635	615	0	0	0
Hebrew	37,745	19,225	18,520	10	10	10
Maltese	4,165	2,035	2,130	0	0	0
Tigrigna	5,940	2,775	3,170	10	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	1,060	515	550	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	700	325	375	10	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	65,060	29,925	35,130	10	10	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	3,970	1,730	2,240	0	0	0
Vietnamese	61,350	28,340	33,010	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	40	0	40	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	200,765	80,115	120,645	215	80	130
Bikol	570	255	310	10	0	0
Cebuano	7,130	2,860	4,265	0	0	0
Fijian	45	20	25	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	2,460	985	1,475	0	0	0
Ilocano	12,560	4,930	7,635	15	10	10
Malagasy	90	45	45	0	0	0
Malay	7,015	3,215	3,800	0	10	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	1,565	710	855	10	10	0
Pangasinan	435	190	245	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	188,840	74,950	113,890	200	80	125
Waray-Waray	320	100	220	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	1,255	525	730	0	0	0
Creole languages	16,380	7,360	9,020	15	0	10
Haitian Creole	640	285	350	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	8,935	4,015	4,925	10	0	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	6,960	3,115	3,845	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	170,055	84,545	85,505	20	10	10
Kannada	4,300	2,140	2,155	0	0	0
Malayalam	16,600	8,450	8,150	0	0	0
Tamil	140,900	69,315	71,585	20	15	0
Telugu	13,070	7,200	5,875	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	430	220	210	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	25	15	10	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,670,260	812,610	857,650	565	290	275
Albanian	14,895	7,440	7,450	10	0	0
Armenian	14,750	7,035	7,715	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	284,385	132,330	152,055	75	40	35
Baltic languages	6,090	2,475	3,610	0	0	0
Latvian	2,500	1,045	1,450	0	0	0
Lithuanian	3,595	1,430	2,165	0	0	0
Slavic languages	279,935	130,535	149,400	75	45	35
Belarusan	915	480	440	0	0	0
Bosnian	4,205	2,040	2,170	0	10	0
Bulgarian	7,750	3,770	3,980	10	10	0
Croatian	21,210	10,340	10,865	0	0	0
Czech	5,935	2,820	3,115	0	10	0
Macedonian	15,485	7,385	8,100	0	0	0
Polish	77,395	35,400	41,995	25	15	10
Russian	107,415	49,880	57,540	35	15	20
Serbian	26,595	13,150	13,440	10	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	2,775	1,330	1,440	0	0	0
Slovak	5,750	2,655	3,100	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	3,940	1,735	2,210	0	0	0
Ukrainian	36,660	16,375	20,285	10	0	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	600	350	250	0	0	0
Celtic languages	1,780	915	865	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	595	300	295	0	0	0
Welsh	215	95	120	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	970	520	450	0	0	0
Germanic languages	72,330	34,390	37,940	150	70	75
Afrikaans	3,975	1,955	2,015	15	10	10
Danish	1,865	840	1,025	15	0	0
Dutch	9,510	4,470	5,045	15	0	10
Frisian	145	60	90	0	0	0
German	49,225	23,465	25,760	105	50	55
Icelandic	120	55	65	0	0	0
Norwegian	870	415	455	10	0	0
Swedish	2,375	1,085	1,290	10	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	250	105	145	0	0	10
Yiddish	6,480	3,185	3,300	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	85	45	45	0	0	0
Greek	57,745	28,385	29,355	10	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages	735,150	371,350	363,800	100	55	45
Indo-Aryan languages	612,745	310,215	302,530	95	50	40
Bengali	47,600	24,185	23,415	30	15	15
Gujarati	85,245	42,705	42,540	10	0	0
Hindi	201,555	102,590	98,970	30	20	10
Kashmiri	460	230	230	0	0	0
Konkani	4,875	2,200	2,670	0	0	0
Marathi	8,470	4,365	4,100	0	0	0
Nepali	6,345	3,140	3,205	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	900	430	465	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	235,230	120,835	114,395	15	10	10
Sindhi	9,210	4,295	4,915	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	14,575	7,335	7,240	0	0	10
Urdu	180,400	91,380	89,020	35	20	15
Iranian languages	127,535	63,570	63,965	10	10	0
Kurdish	3,760	2,120	1,635	0	0	0
Pashto	10,905	5,795	5,110	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	117,090	58,090	58,995	10	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	3,395	1,840	1,555	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	525,885	248,355	277,525	255	125	130
Catalan	305	155	145	0	0	0
Italian	199,425	94,670	104,750	40	20	20
Portuguese	125,025	59,945	65,080	10	10	0
Romanian	27,960	12,960	15,000	10	0	0
Spanish	195,365	91,080	104,280	210	105	105
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	625	305	315	0	0	0
Japanese	17,015	7,335	9,680	10	0	0
Kartvelian languages	1,455	740	715	0	0	0
Georgian	1,455	740	715	0	0	0
Korean	61,135	28,600	32,535	10	0	0
Mongolic languages	440	190	250	0	0	0
Mongolian	445	190	255	10	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	46,505	22,145	24,365	110	70	40
Akan (Twi)	13,440	6,225	7,215	10	0	0
Bamanankan	200	115	90	0	0	0
Edo	1,875	820	1,055	0	0	0
Ewe	505	260	240	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	455	235	220	0	0	0
Ga	985	475	510	0	0	0
Ganda	830	395	435	10	0	10
Igbo	2,905	1,440	1,460	0	0	0
Lingala	2,015	875	1,140	10	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	510	250	255	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	655	285	370	0	0	0
Shona	1,105	485	620	20	15	0
Swahili	10,070	4,960	5,110	20	15	10
Wolof	410	190	225	0	0	0
Yoruba	7,685	3,850	3,830	15	10	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	6,145	2,845	3,300	50	35	20
Nilo-Saharan languages	450	255	195	0	0	0
Dinka	65	50	20	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	385	210	175	0	0	0
Sign languages	5,265	2,275	2,990	135	60	75
American Sign Language	3,045	1,150	1,895	70	35	40
Quebec Sign Language	10	0	10	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	2,290	1,165	1,130	70	30	40
Sino-Tibetan languages	570,420	267,755	302,665	80	40	40
Chinese languages	563,390	264,295	299,095	75	40	40
Cantonese	300,575	139,720	160,855	25	10	15
Hakka	7,110	3,120	3,990	0	0	0
Mandarin	308,025	143,345	164,680	30	10	15
Min Dong	710	290	420	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	13,725	6,150	7,575	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	6,805	3,170	3,640	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	11,310	5,130	6,180	30	15	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	135	75	65	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	7,410	3,665	3,745	10	0	0
Burmese	1,325	605	720	10	0	0
Karenic languages	250	115	135	0	0	0
Tibetan	5,420	2,705	2,720	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	495	285	210	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	4,720	2,005	2,715	0	0	10
Lao	2,635	1,250	1,385	0	0	0
Thai	2,340	880	1,465	0	0	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	0	0	0
Turkic languages	24,065	12,495	11,575	10	0	10
Azerbaijani	2,625	1,330	1,300	0	0	0
Turkish	20,195	10,535	9,665	10	10	0
Uyghur	490	225	260	0	0	0
Uzbek	785	425	365	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	540	250	290	0	0	0
Uralic languages	25,660	11,605	14,055	20	10	10
Estonian	2,750	1,190	1,560	0	0	0
Finnish	2,450	1,025	1,425	10	10	0
Hungarian	20,515	9,410	11,105	10	10	10
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	2,275	1,175	1,100	15	10	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	5,371,020	2,606,395	2,764,635	35,580	18,140	17,440
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	4,666,240	2,271,285	2,394,950	35,285	17,990	17,290
Canadian citizens aged under 18	988,125	507,650	480,475	13,480	6,915	6,560
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	3,678,115	1,763,635	1,914,475	21,805	11,080	10,725
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	704,790	335,105	369,680	300	145	155
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	5,371,020	2,606,390	2,764,635	35,580	18,140	17,445
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	2,647,660	1,325,780	1,321,875	34,600	17,630	16,980
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	2,588,715	1,213,600	1,375,110	915	485	435
Before 1981	570,800	264,690	306,105	155	95	55
1981 to 1990	354,720	169,415	185,300	100	60	40
1991 to 2000	615,195	286,895	328,300	160	85	75
2001 to 2010	701,370	328,685	372,685	335	170	165
2001 to 2005	364,605	171,720	192,885	165	90	70
2006 to 2010	336,765	156,965	179,800	175	80	95
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	346,635	163,920	182,715	165	75	90
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	134,650	67,010	67,640	55	25	35
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	2,588,710	1,213,605	1,375,110	920	485	430
Under 5 years	210,560	104,680	105,885	100	50	55
5 to 14 years	425,730	214,310	211,420	160	95	65
15 to 24 years	561,010	248,975	312,035	165	85	75
25 to 44 years	1,112,050	520,805	591,245	435	225	215
45 years and over	279,360	124,830	154,525	55	35	25
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	2,588,715	1,213,605	1,375,115	920	485	430
Americas	393,895	174,345	219,550	160	75	85
Brazil	10,010	4,705	5,305	0	0	0
Colombia	16,110	7,390	8,715	0	0	0
El Salvador	10,615	5,280	5,335	0	0	0
Guyana	67,295	29,760	37,535	10	0	0
Haiti	2,555	1,200	1,355	0	0	0
Jamaica	97,095	40,495	56,600	25	10	15
Mexico	10,595	4,710	5,885	0	10	0
Peru	7,685	3,415	4,270	10	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	41,765	18,320	23,445	10	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	43,175	20,260	22,915	65	30	35
Other places of birth in Americas	86,995	38,800	48,195	45	25	25
Europe	568,320	267,530	300,790	195	120	70
Bosnia and Herzegovina	9,230	4,565	4,665	0	0	0
Croatia	11,040	5,225	5,810	0	0	0
France	6,595	3,095	3,500	10	0	10
Germany	19,960	9,295	10,665	25	15	10
Greece	26,890	13,115	13,780	0	0	0
Hungary	11,185	5,045	6,140	0	10	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	7,445	3,635	3,810	0	0	0
Italy	95,175	46,030	49,150	10	0	10
Netherlands	5,940	2,870	3,075	10	0	0
Poland	53,330	23,935	29,390	15	10	0
Portugal	66,340	31,825	34,515	0	10	0
Romania	23,965	10,890	13,075	10	0	0
Russian Federation	33,130	14,300	18,830	10	0	10
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	12,690	6,140	6,550	10	0	0
Ukraine	31,045	14,215	16,830	10	10	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	84,810	40,430	44,375	80	50	30
Other places of birth in Europe	69,555	32,920	36,630	30	15	10
Africa	147,790	71,030	76,760	190	110	80
Algeria	1,205	640	565	0	0	0
Egypt	23,285	12,065	11,215	0	0	0
Ethiopia	10,785	4,910	5,870	20	10	10
Kenya	10,980	5,025	5,955	0	0	10
Morocco	3,395	1,655	1,740	10	10	0
Nigeria	15,970	7,910	8,065	30	10	15
Somalia	10,780	4,310	6,470	10	10	0
South Africa, Republic of	12,360	5,990	6,370	10	10	10
Other places of birth in Africa	59,020	28,520	30,505	105	60	40
Asia	1,471,940	697,390	774,555	370	175	195
Afghanistan	24,510	12,230	12,275	0	0	0
Bangladesh	31,885	16,065	15,820	25	10	10
China^{Census data footnote 59}	262,175	119,475	142,700	20	10	10
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	97,705	45,890	51,815	10	10	0
India	297,730	148,545	149,190	30	15	15
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	73,340	36,520	36,815	10	0	0
Iraq	27,770	13,840	13,930	0	0	0
Japan	5,715	1,850	3,865	10	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	44,745	20,860	23,890	10	0	10
Lebanon	12,970	6,975	6,000	15	15	0
Pakistan	110,255	55,690	54,565	30	15	15
Philippines	187,510	76,805	110,710	185	75	110
Sri Lanka	98,025	47,845	50,180	10	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	10,545	5,285	5,250	0	0	0
Taiwan	14,705	6,405	8,300	0	0	0
Viet Nam	57,865	26,180	31,690	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	114,505	56,925	57,575	35	15	20
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	6,770	3,320	3,450	10	10	10
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	346,635	163,920	182,715	165	75	90
Americas	39,310	18,740	20,570	35	15	15
Brazil	2,465	1,165	1,305	0	0	0
Colombia	2,495	1,175	1,320	0	0	0
Cuba	1,150	510	635	0	0	0
Haiti	865	415	450	0	0	10
Jamaica	7,205	3,760	3,440	0	10	0
Mexico	2,870	1,360	1,510	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	7,605	3,850	3,755	15	0	10
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	1,790	825	965	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	12,860	5,660	7,195	10	10	0
Europe	30,555	14,975	15,580	10	0	10
France	1,360	660	700	10	0	0
Germany	875	475	400	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	1,445	905	540	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	750	350	400	0	0	0
Romania	1,415	555	860	0	0	0
Russian Federation	3,845	1,400	2,440	0	0	0
Ukraine	3,580	1,655	1,925	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	3,585	2,160	1,425	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	13,695	6,810	6,885	10	0	0
Africa	23,910	11,705	12,200	45	25	20
Algeria	195	85	105	0	0	0
Cameroon	800	350	445	10	0	10
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	550	240	310	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	280	135	145	10	10	0
Egypt	5,540	2,885	2,655	0	0	0
Eritrea	1,060	525	535	0	0	0
Ethiopia	1,655	745	910	0	0	10
Morocco	350	140	210	0	10	0
Nigeria	4,695	2,280	2,415	10	10	0
Somalia	1,115	530	590	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	770	405	360	0	10	0
Tunisia	125	85	35	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	6,770	3,295	3,475	0	0	0
Asia	251,635	117,765	133,875	75	30	45
Afghanistan	4,500	2,235	2,260	0	0	0
Bangladesh	6,780	3,360	3,420	10	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	48,955	21,765	27,185	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	1,740	700	1,040	0	0	0
India	57,455	28,890	28,570	10	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	18,565	8,985	9,575	0	0	0
Iraq	7,840	3,890	3,955	0	0	0
Israel	1,600	840	765	0	0	0
Japan	930	250	685	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	4,815	2,190	2,625	0	0	0
Lebanon	1,365	745	620	0	0	0
Nepal	2,415	1,235	1,180	0	0	0
Pakistan	20,360	9,960	10,400	0	0	0
Philippines	42,735	17,680	25,050	50	20	30
Saudi Arabia	2,020	1,030	990	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	7,095	3,095	3,995	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	5,365	2,790	2,570	0	0	10
Taiwan	755	305	450	0	0	0
Turkey	2,055	1,145	905	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	3,175	1,605	1,575	0	0	0
Viet Nam	2,605	1,020	1,585	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	8,510	4,035	4,470	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	1,230	740	490	10	0	0
Australia	955	600	355	10	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	270	140	135	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	5,371,020	2,606,395	2,764,630	35,580	18,135	17,440
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	2,753,115	1,295,920	1,457,195	1,025	530	495
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	1,541,070	777,190	763,880	925	480	445
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	1,076,835	533,280	543,555	33,630	17,125	16,500
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	2,051,830	965,135	1,086,695	770	390	380
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	1,023,350	505,520	517,835	430	210	220
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	409,525	251,475	158,050	230	115	115
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	613,825	254,045	359,780	195	90	110
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	690,870	282,355	408,515	235	115	120
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	308,760	164,150	144,605	105	65	35
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	28,845	13,110	15,735	0	0	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	5,371,025	2,606,390	2,764,630	35,580	18,140	17,445
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	39,035	18,255	20,780	30,555	15,415	15,140
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	36,845	17,110	19,735	30,495	15,385	15,105
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	23,465	10,830	12,640	190	90	100
Métis	12,830	6,030	6,800	165	85	75
Inuk (Inuit)	550	255	300	30,135	15,205	14,925
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	975	465	510	55	20	30
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	1,215	680	540	10	10	10
Non-Aboriginal identity	5,331,990	2,588,140	2,743,850	5,025	2,725	2,300
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	5,371,025	2,606,390	2,764,635	35,580	18,140	17,440
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	12,605	5,825	6,785	165	75	90
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	5,358,415	2,600,565	2,757,850	35,410	18,060	17,355
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	5,371,020	2,606,390	2,764,630	35,580	18,135	17,445
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	6,375	2,865	3,510	25,215	12,745	12,470
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	6,220	2,790	3,425	25,025	12,665	12,365
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	4,945	2,185	2,760	100	50	55
Métis single ancestry	1,155	560	600	40	15	25
Inuit single ancestry	115	45	70	24,890	12,600	12,290
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	160	75	85	190	85	110
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	105	50	55	0	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	20	10	10	165	70	95
Métis and Inuit ancestries	15	10	15	15	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	15	10	10	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	55,150	25,815	29,330	5,205	2,595	2,610
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	53,685	25,160	28,530	4,985	2,495	2,495
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	40,680	19,105	21,565	255	140	120
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	12,265	5,720	6,540	65	40	25
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	750	335	415	4,665	2,315	2,355
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	1,460	655	800	215	100	115
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,250	550	705	10	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	130	55	70	160	75	85
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	80	50	30	55	25	25
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	5,309,500	2,577,710	2,731,790	5,160	2,795	2,365
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	5,371,025	2,606,395	2,764,635	35,580	18,135	17,440
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	2,910,660	1,400,000	1,510,655	905	450	460
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	932,145	470,380	461,760	115	60	55
Chinese	618,280	294,255	324,025	75	30	45
Black	430,280	198,790	231,490	330	180	150
Filipino	246,415	105,285	141,130	230	95	135
Latin American	126,485	60,725	65,755	40	20	20
Arab	100,155	51,885	48,270	40	30	10
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	80,335	37,780	42,560	30	10	15
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	120,685	60,285	60,400	10	0	10
Korean	68,155	32,470	35,685	10	10	10
Japanese	19,515	8,415	11,095	10	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	75,005	34,935	40,070	20	10	10
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	93,210	44,785	48,425	10	10	10
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	2,460,360	1,206,390	1,253,975	34,670	17,685	16,985
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	5,371,025	2,606,390	2,764,630	35,580	18,140	17,445
North American Aboriginal origins	61,525	28,680	32,840	30,420	15,340	15,075
First Nations (North American Indian)	47,150	21,970	25,175	690	345	350
Inuit	1,125	515	610	29,950	15,095	14,855
Métis	14,890	6,945	7,950	185	95	95
Other North American origins	659,555	326,935	332,620	1,815	960	860
Acadian	3,660	1,810	1,850	105	50	55
American	44,030	21,480	22,550	230	120	110
Canadian	623,605	309,300	314,305	1,305	685	630
New Brunswicker	80	50	30	10	10	0
Newfoundlander	2,605	1,325	1,285	125	70	50
Nova Scotian	595	270	330	10	0	10
Ontarian	575	340	235	0	0	0
Québécois	1,400	685	720	50	40	15
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	220	120	100	0	0	0
European origins	2,413,560	1,173,265	1,240,300	8,315	4,345	3,975
British Isles origins	1,074,255	524,990	549,260	5,815	3,015	2,790
Channel Islander	400	210	190	0	0	0
Cornish	175	90	85	0	0	0
English	605,385	296,180	309,205	1,625	825	800
Irish	456,650	218,130	238,520	1,745	895	850
Manx	720	425	295	10	0	0
Scottish	452,050	218,755	233,290	3,265	1,695	1,575
Welsh	47,510	22,785	24,730	160	85	80
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	92,185	44,145	48,040	355	200	150
French origins	212,840	100,750	112,095	1,485	785	700
Alsatian	320	125	200	0	0	0
Breton	55	35	20	10	0	10
Corsican	55	25	25	0	0	0
French	212,520	100,605	111,915	1,475	780	695
Western European origins (except French origins)	331,540	160,995	170,550	975	470	505
Austrian	26,905	13,040	13,865	35	25	15
Bavarian	135	50	80	0	0	0
Belgian	8,330	3,800	4,530	30	20	15
Dutch	78,240	37,405	40,835	190	90	105
Flemish	790	375	415	0	0	0
Frisian	350	205	145	0	0	0
German	229,980	112,255	117,725	745	355	390
Luxembourger	260	130	135	0	0	0
Swiss	12,710	6,340	6,365	20	0	10
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	480	225	255	10	10	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	59,615	28,865	30,755	675	335	340
Danish	12,805	6,390	6,415	290	145	150
Finnish	13,915	6,490	7,425	50	25	25
Icelandic	3,415	1,700	1,705	30	10	25
Norwegian	14,525	7,170	7,350	145	70	80
Swedish	16,290	7,525	8,770	115	65	55
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	3,115	1,485	1,630	85	45	40
Eastern European origins	547,800	260,365	287,440	515	260	255
Bulgarian	10,575	5,165	5,415	10	10	0
Byelorussian	7,840	3,830	4,015	0	0	0
Czech	15,200	7,335	7,870	15	0	10
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	4,075	1,935	2,135	0	0	0
Estonian	6,865	3,200	3,665	10	0	0
Hungarian	54,240	26,295	27,945	45	20	25
Latvian	8,960	4,185	4,775	10	0	10
Lithuanian	18,260	8,760	9,500	0	0	0
Moldovan	2,915	1,495	1,415	0	0	0
Polish	217,410	103,490	113,920	145	90	55
Romanian	47,340	22,500	24,840	20	10	15
Russian	133,800	62,215	71,585	100	60	40
Slovak	13,180	6,350	6,835	15	10	0
Ukrainian	130,370	62,245	68,130	190	90	100
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	7,120	3,335	3,785	30	15	15
Southern European origins	885,785	435,925	449,855	420	215	205
Albanian	17,125	8,655	8,465	10	0	0
Bosnian	6,150	2,995	3,150	0	0	0
Catalan	165	105	60	0	0	0
Croatian	32,740	16,365	16,375	10	10	0
Cypriot	2,355	1,195	1,160	0	0	0
Greek	92,410	46,340	46,070	20	10	0
Italian	421,900	209,670	212,230	175	95	85
Kosovar	480	255	225	0	0	0
Macedonian	25,245	12,585	12,660	0	0	0
Maltese	16,145	7,995	8,155	0	10	0
Montenegrin	1,420	680	740	0	0	0
Portuguese	191,040	92,890	98,150	115	60	55
Serbian	31,710	15,945	15,770	0	0	10
Sicilian	1,370	690	675	0	0	0
Slovenian	11,400	5,655	5,745	0	0	0
Spanish	99,960	46,885	53,080	75	35	40
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	5,865	2,810	3,060	10	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	480	205	275	10	0	0
Other European origins	70,120	35,070	35,045	345	190	155
Basque	755	360	395	0	0	0
Jewish	57,840	29,035	28,800	30	20	15
Roma (Gypsy)	1,150	545	605	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	895	475	420	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	9,935	4,875	5,060	305	170	140
Caribbean origins	333,840	151,150	182,690	95	50	45
Antiguan	2,390	1,050	1,340	0	0	0
Bahamian	1,200	610	590	0	0	0
Barbadian	17,490	7,935	9,550	10	10	0
Bermudan	930	430	500	0	0	0
Carib	1,745	625	1,120	0	10	0
Cuban	8,800	4,000	4,795	0	0	0
Dominican	6,160	2,945	3,220	10	0	0
Grenadian	12,185	5,235	6,945	10	0	10
Guadeloupean	40	10	30	0	0	0
Haitian	5,020	2,375	2,645	10	0	0
Jamaican	193,360	87,610	105,750	40	20	20
Kittitian/Nevisian	1,785	850	935	0	0	0
Martinican	150	50	100	0	0	0
Montserratan	425	195	225	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	675	355	325	0	0	0
St. Lucian	5,310	2,305	3,005	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	42,230	19,320	22,905	10	10	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	9,995	4,200	5,795	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	44,630	19,830	24,800	15	10	10
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	12,890	5,740	7,145	10	0	10
Latin, Central and South American origins	202,120	95,220	106,905	65	30	35
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	6,755	3,135	3,620	0	0	0
Arawak	680	305	375	0	0	0
Argentinian	7,850	3,800	4,045	10	0	0
Belizean	335	150	180	0	0	0
Bolivian	1,240	600	645	0	0	0
Brazilian	12,250	5,925	6,320	0	0	0
Chilean	9,985	4,805	5,180	10	0	0
Colombian	23,130	11,070	12,065	10	0	10
Costa Rican	1,720	890	835	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	17,005	8,040	8,965	10	10	0
Guatemalan	5,575	2,680	2,895	0	0	0
Guyanese	55,335	25,270	30,060	10	0	0
Hispanic	3,455	1,690	1,765	10	0	10
Honduran	1,670	755	915	0	0	0
Maya	1,105	545	555	0	0	0
Mexican	18,380	8,520	9,860	10	10	0
Nicaraguan	3,520	1,700	1,815	0	0	0
Panamanian	1,715	745	970	0	10	0
Paraguayan	275	120	150	0	0	0
Peruvian	10,025	4,655	5,370	0	0	0
Salvadorean	14,435	7,115	7,315	10	10	10
Uruguayan	3,040	1,570	1,475	0	0	0
Venezuelan	7,825	3,550	4,285	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	8,800	4,320	4,480	10	0	0
African origins	257,720	125,440	132,280	465	255	210
Central and West African origins	57,350	28,290	29,060	65	35	30
Akan	705	400	305	10	10	0
Angolan	1,010	480	530	0	0	0
Ashanti	1,055	535	515	0	0	0
Beninese	370	190	180	0	0	0
Burkinabe	100	40	55	0	0	0
Cameroonian	2,445	1,205	1,240	15	10	10
Chadian	185	95	90	0	0	0
Congolese	3,920	1,865	2,050	0	0	0
Edo	925	485	440	0	0	0
Ewe	160	90	70	0	0	0
Gabonese	50	10	35	0	0	0
Gambian	550	250	295	0	0	0
Ghanaian	19,995	9,485	10,510	10	10	10
Guinean	620	325	300	0	0	0
Ibo	1,460	760	705	10	10	0
Ivorian	615	285	330	0	0	0
Liberian	295	125	170	0	0	0
Malian	265	140	125	0	0	0
Malinké	225	105	120	0	0	0
Nigerian	18,855	9,540	9,310	20	15	10
Peulh	65	35	25	0	0	0
Senegalese	530	280	250	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	815	400	410	0	10	0
Togolese	315	205	105	10	0	0
Wolof	45	20	20	0	0	0
Yoruba	2,735	1,460	1,275	15	0	10
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	2,785	1,365	1,420	10	0	0
North African origins	50,800	26,105	24,695	30	15	10
Algerian	1,650	810	840	0	0	0
Berber	665	360	305	0	10	0
Coptic	1,640	855	785	0	0	0
Dinka	15	10	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	33,855	17,375	16,475	15	0	10
Libyan	1,260	675	595	0	0	0
Maure	235	135	110	0	0	0
Moroccan	8,380	4,340	4,050	10	10	0
Sudanese	3,610	1,755	1,855	0	10	0
Tunisian	1,060	570	495	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	825	445	380	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	78,235	37,260	40,970	80	60	25
Afrikaner	315	160	155	10	0	0
Amhara	490	235	255	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	285	160	125	10	0	10
Burundian	650	360	290	0	0	0
Djiboutian	210	100	110	0	0	0
Eritrean	7,555	3,650	3,910	0	10	0
Ethiopian	15,900	7,615	8,280	30	15	10
Harari	460	250	210	0	0	0
Kenyan	3,880	1,805	2,080	0	10	0
Malagasy	170	75	95	0	0	0
Mauritian	2,710	1,405	1,305	0	0	0
Oromo	830	370	460	0	0	0
Rwandan	1,065	475	590	0	0	0
Seychellois	150	60	95	0	0	0
Somali	25,400	11,755	13,650	10	0	0
South African	11,025	5,505	5,520	10	0	0
Tanzanian	1,820	910	910	0	0	0
Tigrian	415	210	200	0	0	0
Ugandan	1,935	930	1,005	0	0	0
Zambian	355	175	185	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	1,670	775	900	15	10	10
Zulu	185	100	90	0	0	10
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	5,190	2,250	2,940	0	0	10
Other African origins	75,020	35,540	39,485	285	145	140
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	10,710	4,630	6,080	50	25	25
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	65,110	31,290	33,825	240	120	120
Asian origins	2,352,765	1,139,965	1,212,805	615	280	335
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	317,140	160,115	157,025	100	60	40
Afghan	40,230	20,175	20,055	10	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	22,105	11,430	10,675	10	10	0
Armenian	20,645	10,010	10,635	10	0	0
Assyrian	7,240	3,690	3,550	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	3,280	1,595	1,685	0	0	0
Georgian	2,340	1,195	1,140	0	0	0
Hazara	510	270	240	0	0	0
Iranian	94,955	47,625	47,335	20	15	0
Iraqi	27,230	13,595	13,640	10	0	0
Israeli	14,170	7,315	6,855	0	0	0
Jordanian	5,115	2,755	2,365	0	0	0
Kazakh	940	410	525	0	0	10
Kurd	4,290	2,295	2,000	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	330	205	130	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	235	80	150	0	0	0
Lebanese	27,635	14,100	13,540	40	20	15
Palestinian	14,465	7,765	6,695	0	0	0
Pashtun	1,925	1,070	855	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	1,600	840	760	0	0	0
Syrian	15,545	7,565	7,990	0	0	0
Tajik	1,390	640	750	0	0	0
Tatar	1,750	750	1,000	0	0	0
Turk	22,165	11,210	10,955	15	10	10
Turkmen	400	200	200	0	0	0
Uighur	540	255	285	0	0	0
Uzbek	1,670	820	850	0	0	0
Yemeni	2,450	1,145	1,305	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	9,695	5,005	4,690	0	0	0
South Asian origins	953,545	478,660	474,885	130	65	65
Bangladeshi	23,010	11,790	11,220	20	10	10
Bengali	12,255	6,260	5,995	0	0	0
Bhutanese	150	80	70	0	0	0
East Indian	618,685	310,525	308,160	65	35	35
Goan	3,840	1,770	2,075	0	0	0
Gujarati	4,775	2,475	2,295	0	0	0
Kashmiri	1,305	670	635	0	0	0
Nepali	5,350	2,630	2,720	0	0	0
Pakistani	113,270	57,500	55,770	15	10	0
Punjabi	45,820	23,605	22,215	10	0	0
Sinhalese	3,770	1,840	1,930	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	110,210	53,705	56,505	10	0	10
Tamil	38,690	19,580	19,110	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	47,545	24,110	23,435	15	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	1,103,325	511,400	591,925	385	155	225
Burmese	2,075	915	1,165	0	0	10
Cambodian (Khmer)	5,945	2,740	3,205	0	0	0
Chinese	684,395	324,960	359,435	115	50	70
Filipino	265,560	114,395	151,165	245	100	145
Hmong	50	25	25	0	0	0
Indonesian	5,845	2,710	3,130	10	0	0
Japanese	26,485	11,605	14,880	15	0	10
Karen	265	120	145	0	0	0
Korean	71,740	34,180	37,560	10	0	0
Laotian	3,805	1,880	1,930	0	0	0
Malaysian	5,335	2,510	2,825	10	0	0
Mongolian	1,890	855	1,035	0	0	0
Singaporean	1,005	455	550	0	0	0
Taiwanese	7,820	3,580	4,240	0	0	0
Thai	3,240	1,225	2,010	10	0	0
Tibetan	5,935	2,975	2,960	0	0	0
Vietnamese	71,425	33,860	37,565	10	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	3,220	1,585	1,640	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	9,945	4,905	5,040	10	10	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	9,945	4,905	5,040	10	10	0
Oceania origins	8,815	4,450	4,365	15	0	0
Australian	5,315	2,775	2,540	10	0	0
New Zealander	1,755	925	830	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	1,950	885	1,070	0	0	0
Fijian	1,170	490	685	0	0	10
Hawaiian	175	85	90	0	0	0
Maori	165	95	75	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	100	40	65	0	0	0
Samoan	95	45	45	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	330	155	175	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	1,967,560	...	...	9,820	...	...
Owner	1,276,425	...	...	1,960	...	...
Renter	691,140	...	...	7,860	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	1,967,560	...	...	9,820	...	...
Condominium	434,620	...	...	265	...	...
Not condominium	1,532,935	...	...	9,555	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	1,967,555	...	...	9,820	...	...
No bedrooms	24,005	...	...	25	...	...
1 bedroom	376,525	...	...	1,365	...	...
2 bedrooms	432,060	...	...	3,835	...	...
3 bedrooms	556,210	...	...	3,100	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	578,765	...	...	1,495	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	1,967,555	...	...	9,820	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	732,945	...	...	4,865	...	...
5 rooms	269,420	...	...	2,515	...	...
6 rooms	250,890	...	...	1,435	...	...
7 rooms	220,325	...	...	625	...	...
8 or more rooms	493,975	...	...	380	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.8	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	1,967,560	...	...	9,820	...	...
One person or fewer per room	1,876,310	...	...	7,650	...	...
More than 1 person per room	91,250	...	...	2,170	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	1,967,560	...	...	9,815	...	...
Suitable	1,767,780	...	...	6,785	...	...
Not suitable	199,770	...	...	3,035	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	1,967,560	...	...	9,820	...	...
1960 or before	413,230	...	...	170	...	...
1961 to 1980	529,935	...	...	2,150	...	...
1981 to 1990	279,160	...	...	1,995	...	...
1991 to 2000	246,640	...	...	2,095	...	...
2001 to 2005	179,090	...	...	860	...	...
2006 to 2010	163,020	...	...	1,285	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	156,485	...	...	1,260	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	1,967,560	...	...	9,820	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	1,858,255	...	...	7,255	...	...
Major repairs needed	109,300	...	...	2,560	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	1,967,560	...	...	9,820	...	...
1 household maintainer	1,124,090	...	...	6,830	...	...
2 household maintainers	759,115	...	...	2,780	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	84,350	...	...	205	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	1,967,560	...	...	9,820	...	...
15 to 24 years	47,450	...	...	400	...	...
25 to 34 years	277,355	...	...	2,480	...	...
35 to 44 years	371,615	...	...	2,370	...	...
45 to 54 years	454,610	...	...	2,285	...	...
55 to 64 years	381,365	...	...	1,460	...	...
65 to 74 years	242,735	...	...	610	...	...
75 to 84 years	137,935	...	...	180	...	...
85 years and over	54,490	...	...	30	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	1,964,415	...	...	9,810	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	1,292,415	...	...	9,240	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	671,995	...	...	570	...	...
30% to less than 100%	553,740	...	...	465	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,276,365	...	...	1,955	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	62.6	...	...	60.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	27.3	...	...	7.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,649	...	...	1,497	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,755	...	...	1,700	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	648,719	...	...	300,924	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	743,131	...	...	352,070	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	691,125	...	...	7,860	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	14.7	...	...	83.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	46.9	...	...	5.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,207	...	...	281	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,263	...	...	736	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	4,485,730	2,151,895	2,333,830	23,935	12,175	11,755
No certificate, diploma or degree	730,915	345,155	385,765	12,140	6,175	5,960
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	1,147,670	564,185	583,480	3,615	1,825	1,785
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,607,140	1,242,555	1,364,580	8,175	4,170	4,010
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	190,445	124,915	65,530	1,840	1,450	385
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	105,015	61,850	43,165	1,140	835	305
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	85,425	63,060	22,360	695	615	80
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	756,515	330,560	425,950	3,580	1,530	2,050
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	126,335	56,415	69,925	215	95	125
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	1,533,855	730,670	803,185	2,545	1,095	1,445
Bachelor's degree	1,009,045	465,915	543,125	1,680	710	970
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	100,985	46,510	54,480	90	45	45
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	42,640	21,280	21,355	25	10	15
Master's degree	335,240	168,965	166,270	700	305	395
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	45,945	28,000	17,945	50	25	20
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	3,020,615	1,447,205	1,573,410	16,485	8,395	8,090
No certificate, diploma or degree	292,270	146,320	145,950	6,750	3,435	3,315
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	647,655	324,200	323,455	2,405	1,265	1,140
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,080,685	976,680	1,104,005	7,325	3,690	3,635
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	129,450	84,010	45,440	1,595	1,255	335
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	71,910	41,985	29,930	995	725	265
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	57,540	42,030	15,510	600	530	70
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	589,090	256,645	332,445	3,185	1,345	1,840
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	94,740	42,000	52,740	200	85	115
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	1,267,410	594,025	673,385	2,355	1,005	1,345
Bachelor's degree	821,300	376,095	445,205	1,545	645	895
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	81,920	36,340	45,580	75	40	40
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	34,910	16,305	18,605	25	10	15
Master's degree	293,070	144,435	148,630	665	295	375
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	36,215	20,850	15,365	45	25	20
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	4,485,725	2,151,900	2,333,825	23,930	12,180	11,755
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	1,878,585	909,335	969,245	15,755	8,005	7,745
Education	130,685	26,640	104,045	1,005	290	715
13. Education	130,690	26,640	104,050	1,010	295	715
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	130,390	58,720	71,675	195	110	85
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	16,640	12,320	4,315	35	25	0
50. Visual and performing arts	113,755	46,395	67,360	160	85	75
Humanities	179,405	63,540	115,865	370	155	210
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	21,645	4,760	16,885	105	15	85
23. English language and literature/letters	50,845	14,640	36,205	60	15	45
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	53,905	18,055	35,845	75	35	40
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	870	385	475	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	11,750	6,510	5,240	25	15	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	9,435	5,960	3,470	40	30	10
54. History	24,730	12,250	12,475	60	40	25
55. French language and literature/letters	6,240	970	5,265	10	10	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	375,990	132,895	243,090	1,010	320	690
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	5,275	1,010	4,265	180	45	135
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	41,765	16,265	25,495	50	25	25
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	51,475	4,985	46,485	310	20	290
22. Legal professions and studies	64,720	25,805	38,915	130	60	70
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	6,200	1,435	4,760	25	0	25
42. Psychology	52,075	12,435	39,640	60	25	35
45. Social sciences	154,480	70,955	83,525	250	140	110
Business, management and public administration	635,290	286,145	349,150	1,655	555	1,105
30.16 Accounting and computer science	1,300	505	800	10	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	38,360	8,100	30,265	210	55	155
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	595,630	277,540	318,090	1,445	500	950
Physical and life sciences and technologies	126,840	59,465	67,380	210	110	100
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	53,350	21,080	32,270	70	30	35
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	31,225	13,705	17,520	70	35	40
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	2,340	735	1,605	10	0	0
40. Physical sciences	35,555	22,435	13,125	30	15	15
41. Science technologies/technicians	4,370	1,505	2,865	40	30	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	158,045	102,350	55,695	175	105	70
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	122,045	83,770	38,275	140	90	50
25. Library science	5,560	935	4,630	10	10	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	27,925	15,910	12,015	20	10	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	2,520	1,745	775	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	439,230	375,990	63,235	1,620	1,475	145
04. Architecture and related services	28,885	18,400	10,485	45	30	15
14. Engineering	199,695	158,560	41,140	105	90	15
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	73,645	65,980	7,665	310	255	50
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	100	25	75	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	53,550	52,345	1,200	715	680	40
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	55,235	53,715	1,525	365	350	15
48. Precision production	28,120	26,975	1,145	75	75	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	27,465	14,400	13,070	215	155	60
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	16,015	8,845	7,170	15	10	10
03. Natural resources and conservation	11,455	5,550	5,900	195	150	50
Health and related fields	303,620	74,055	229,570	750	195	560
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	24,245	12,480	11,765	110	65	40
51. Health professions and related programs	267,470	55,340	212,130	645	125	520
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	11,905	6,230	5,675	0	0	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	99,875	48,260	51,615	980	710	270
12. Personal and culinary services	62,940	19,925	43,010	315	110	205
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	365	330	35	0	10	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	480	455	25	0	10	0
43. Security and protective services	22,935	15,975	6,960	160	130	30
49. Transportation and materials moving	13,160	11,585	1,580	505	465	40
Other	295	100	195	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	290	95	195	10	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	3,020,615	1,447,205	1,573,415	16,480	8,395	8,090
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	939,930	470,525	469,405	9,155	4,700	4,455
Education	95,095	18,915	76,180	905	260	650
13. Education	95,100	18,915	76,185	905	260	650
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	104,620	47,155	57,465	170	95	75
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	12,780	9,495	3,285	30	25	10
50. Visual and performing arts	91,845	37,665	54,185	140	75	70
Humanities	139,350	48,065	91,290	320	130	190
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	17,015	3,465	13,545	95	15	75
23. English language and literature/letters	39,550	11,125	28,425	60	15	45
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	42,735	13,895	28,845	60	30	40
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	690	320	370	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	9,135	5,110	4,030	20	10	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	6,935	4,370	2,560	30	25	10
54. History	18,705	9,180	9,525	45	35	20
55. French language and literature/letters	4,585	600	3,980	0	10	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	304,820	105,350	199,465	900	280	615
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	4,315	850	3,470	140	40	100
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	34,495	13,470	21,020	50	25	25
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	39,405	3,515	35,890	280	20	265
22. Legal professions and studies	54,925	20,115	34,810	120	55	65
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	4,850	1,185	3,660	25	10	20
42. Psychology	40,890	9,305	31,585	55	15	35
45. Social sciences	125,945	56,905	69,040	230	125	105
Business, management and public administration	524,355	231,890	292,465	1,510	495	1,015
30.16 Accounting and computer science	1,095	405	685	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	30,890	6,455	24,440	190	50	140
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	492,370	225,035	267,335	1,325	450	875
Physical and life sciences and technologies	96,435	43,745	52,695	185	95	90
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	40,650	15,625	25,025	65	30	30
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	24,030	10,235	13,800	65	25	35
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	1,920	625	1,295	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	26,590	16,240	10,350	30	15	15
41. Science technologies/technicians	3,245	1,020	2,225	30	25	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	140,470	91,425	49,045	160	95	65
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	111,605	76,680	34,920	135	85	50
25. Library science	3,950	715	3,235	10	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	22,690	12,525	10,165	20	10	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	2,235	1,505	725	10	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	338,415	284,970	53,445	1,410	1,285	125
04. Architecture and related services	23,725	14,720	9,010	45	25	15
14. Engineering	163,350	127,605	35,750	100	80	15
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	54,630	48,775	5,860	275	230	45
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	95	20	75	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	38,265	37,375	895	635	595	35
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	39,680	38,605	1,070	305	290	10
48. Precision production	18,670	17,870	795	60	60	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	21,845	11,015	10,830	190	140	55
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	12,520	6,515	6,005	15	10	10
03. Natural resources and conservation	9,325	4,500	4,820	175	135	45
Health and related fields	239,960	58,120	181,845	690	180	510
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	18,145	9,295	8,850	100	65	35
51. Health professions and related programs	212,380	44,170	168,205	590	115	480
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	9,440	4,655	4,785	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	75,070	35,955	39,115	865	625	245
12. Personal and culinary services	47,120	14,595	32,530	280	100	185
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	260	225	40	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	220	210	15	0	10	0
43. Security and protective services	17,030	11,690	5,345	140	115	30
49. Transportation and materials moving	10,430	9,235	1,190	445	410	35
Other	250	75	170	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	250	75	170	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	4,485,725	2,151,895	2,333,830	23,930	12,175	11,755
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,878,585	909,340	969,245	15,755	8,005	7,745
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	2,607,145	1,242,560	1,364,585	8,175	4,170	4,010
Location of study inside Canada	1,736,445	819,555	916,895	7,645	3,900	3,745
Same as province or territory of residence	1,599,135	752,170	846,965	3,330	1,485	1,850
Different than province or territory of residence	137,320	67,390	69,930	4,310	2,415	1,895
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	870,690	423,000	447,690	535	270	265
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	78,865	43,540	35,330	120	60	55
Philippines	93,650	32,815	60,840	135	45	85
India	137,910	69,690	68,220	20	10	10
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	54,970	30,515	24,455	70	40	30
China^{Census data footnote 162}	77,375	36,630	40,745	10	0	0
France	6,540	3,550	2,985	10	0	0
Other	421,380	206,260	215,120	180	105	75
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	3,020,615	1,447,200	1,573,410	16,480	8,395	8,090
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	939,930	470,525	469,405	9,155	4,700	4,455
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	2,080,685	976,680	1,104,005	7,325	3,690	3,635
Location of study inside Canada	1,382,850	646,575	736,280	6,840	3,445	3,390
Same as province or territory of residence	1,273,355	592,550	680,800	2,975	1,290	1,680
Different than province or territory of residence	109,500	54,015	55,480	3,860	2,150	1,710
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	697,835	330,110	367,725	490	245	240
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	62,760	33,745	29,020	105	55	45
Philippines	79,090	27,270	51,820	120	40	80
India	118,455	58,170	60,290	20	10	10
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	34,420	18,765	15,660	60	35	25
China^{Census data footnote 162}	65,240	30,415	34,825	10	0	0
France	5,490	2,965	2,530	0	0	0
Other	332,375	158,785	173,590	170	95	75
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	4,485,725	2,151,895	2,333,830	23,935	12,180	11,755
In the labour force	2,954,195	1,522,940	1,431,255	16,340	8,515	7,820
Employed	2,720,530	1,407,640	1,312,890	12,820	6,430	6,395
Unemployed	233,665	115,300	118,365	3,515	2,090	1,425
Not in the labour force	1,531,530	628,960	902,575	7,590	3,660	3,935
Participation rate	65.9	70.8	61.3	68.3	69.9	66.5
Employment rate	60.6	65.4	56.3	53.6	52.8	54.4
Unemployment rate	7.9	7.6	8.3	21.5	24.5	18.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	4,485,725	2,151,895	2,333,830	23,935	12,175	11,755
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	1,487,830	612,205	875,630	7,420	3,600	3,815
Worked	2,997,895	1,539,690	1,458,200	16,515	8,575	7,935
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	1,532,845	848,305	684,545	7,760	4,035	3,720
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	1,465,045	691,385	773,660	8,755	4,540	4,215
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.5	43.1	41.8	38.0	37.6	38.4
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	2,954,195	1,522,940	1,431,255	16,335	8,520	7,825
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	85,760	39,655	46,105	1,385	740	650
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	2,868,435	1,483,280	1,385,155	14,955	7,780	7,170
Employee	2,505,850	1,246,505	1,259,345	14,505	7,485	7,020
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	362,585	236,780	125,805	445	295	150
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	2,954,195	1,522,940	1,431,255	16,340	8,515	7,825
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	85,760	39,655	46,105	1,390	735	650
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	2,868,435	1,483,285	1,385,155	14,955	7,780	7,170
0 Management occupations	337,265	203,770	133,495	1,400	850	550
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	530,385	190,720	339,665	2,205	610	1,590
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	251,395	191,580	59,810	455	355	100
3 Health occupations	160,610	39,320	121,285	450	65	385
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	327,425	100,020	227,405	3,310	1,045	2,265
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	119,645	59,275	60,370	570	285	285
6 Sales and service occupations	676,065	313,535	362,530	3,505	1,690	1,815
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	309,545	287,595	21,945	2,565	2,435	130
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	17,960	14,720	3,235	300	275	15
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	138,155	82,740	55,415	205	165	45
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	2,954,195	1,522,940	1,431,255	16,340	8,515	7,820
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	85,760	39,655	46,100	1,385	735	650
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	2,868,435	1,483,285	1,385,150	14,955	7,780	7,175
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	5,115	2,965	2,150	155	145	15
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	3,950	2,680	1,270	595	440	160
22 Utilities	13,965	9,465	4,500	285	240	40
23 Construction	163,810	142,960	20,845	930	815	115
31-33 Manufacturing	256,170	167,975	88,200	150	100	50
41 Wholesale trade	128,255	79,360	48,890	105	80	25
44-45 Retail trade	307,460	146,985	160,480	1,720	835	885
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	153,930	113,255	40,675	795	625	175
51 Information and cultural industries	100,825	58,430	42,395	195	110	85
52 Finance and insurance	233,060	112,580	120,480	115	30	75
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	76,725	41,670	35,055	495	335	165
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	317,960	179,905	138,055	290	155	135
55 Management of companies and enterprises	7,965	3,375	4,595	10	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	148,930	81,450	67,475	385	245	135
61 Educational services	208,170	65,400	142,770	1,840	520	1,315
62 Health care and social assistance	265,290	54,875	210,415	1,245	220	1,030
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	57,575	30,415	27,165	285	175	110
72 Accommodation and food services	189,685	87,920	101,765	565	220	345
81 Other services (except public administration)	123,585	50,940	72,645	460	255	205
91 Public administration	106,010	50,680	55,330	4,345	2,240	2,105
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	2,720,530	1,407,640	1,312,890	12,820	6,425	6,395
Worked at home	196,035	100,435	95,595	385	215	170
Worked outside Canada	18,685	12,660	6,020	10	0	0
No fixed workplace address	311,760	220,515	91,245	945	815	135
Worked at usual place	2,194,055	1,074,025	1,120,030	11,485	5,395	6,090
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	2,194,050	1,074,025	1,120,025	11,485	5,395	6,090
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	1,297,375	591,205	706,165	11,050	5,110	5,940
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	196,715	97,810	98,905	350	235	120
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	694,925	381,990	312,935	30	20	10
Commute to a different province or territory	5,045	3,020	2,020	50	35	20
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	2,505,815	1,294,540	1,211,270	12,430	6,210	6,225
Car, truck, van - as a driver	1,509,390	870,970	638,420	3,605	2,135	1,470
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	139,630	49,845	89,785	2,225	1,045	1,175
Public transit	656,330	276,110	380,220	105	50	50
Walked	136,810	61,315	75,500	5,495	2,395	3,100
Bicycle	38,460	24,280	14,175	20	15	10
Other method	25,195	12,020	13,170	995	565	430
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	2,505,810	1,294,545	1,211,270	12,430	6,210	6,225
Less than 15 minutes	341,440	156,775	184,665	10,585	5,255	5,330
15 to 29 minutes	732,785	374,395	358,390	1,330	625	705
30 to 44 minutes	668,925	362,510	306,415	145	60	80
45 to 59 minutes	335,205	176,620	158,595	60	45	20
60 minutes and over	427,450	224,240	203,210	315	230	85
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	2,505,810	1,294,545	1,211,270	12,430	6,210	6,220
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	134,680	94,940	39,735	135	110	25
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	369,285	220,720	148,565	580	425	160
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	635,210	308,240	326,975	2,060	1,365	690
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	604,620	281,310	323,310	6,595	2,860	3,735
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	379,095	181,970	197,125	1,545	765	780
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	382,920	207,360	175,555	1,510	685	830
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	3,108,065	1,593,200	1,514,860	17,000	8,780	8,215
Single responses	3,030,280	1,555,755	1,474,515	16,715	8,635	8,080
Official languages	2,939,720	1,507,770	1,431,945	12,215	6,465	5,745
English	2,928,795	1,504,810	1,423,990	12,145	6,430	5,710
French	10,920	2,965	7,955	70	40	35
Non-official languages	90,555	47,985	42,570	4,500	2,170	2,330
Aboriginal languages	10	10	0	4,475	2,155	2,320
Algonquian languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	4,475	2,160	2,320
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	25	10	20
Inuktitut	0	0	0	4,450	2,155	2,300
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	90,550	47,985	42,570	15	0	10
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,790	1,015	770	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	100	45	55	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	20	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	85	35	50	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,680	970	710	0	0	0
Amharic	55	20	35	0	0	0
Arabic	1,115	725	385	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	100	75	30	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	335	100	240	0	0	0
Maltese	20	15	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	45	25	15	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,770	735	1,030	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	45	25	20	0	0	0
Vietnamese	1,720	715	1,010	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	1,055	395	660	10	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	25	0	15	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ilocano	35	20	15	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	35	20	20	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	935	345	590	0	0	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	25	25	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	15	10	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	1,805	870	935	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	45	25	25	0	0	0
Tamil	1,735	840	890	0	0	0
Telugu	25	0	20	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	26,205	14,420	11,790	0	0	0
Albanian	210	125	90	0	0	0
Armenian	130	70	65	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	5,180	2,515	2,665	0	0	0
Baltic languages	55	20	35	0	0	0
Latvian	0	10	10	0	0	0
Lithuanian	45	20	30	0	0	0
Slavic languages	5,130	2,500	2,635	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	40	30	10	0	0	0
Bulgarian	110	75	40	0	0	0
Croatian	80	60	25	0	0	0
Czech	15	10	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	80	30	40	0	0	0
Polish	1,440	770	670	0	0	0
Russian	2,445	1,070	1,375	0	0	0
Serbian	165	105	55	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Slovak	50	30	15	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	680	290	390	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	355	140	220	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	20	10	10	0	0	0
Dutch	60	40	20	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	220	65	150	0	0	0
Icelandic	10	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Swedish	20	10	15	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	15	10	15	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	340	185	150	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	10,565	5,875	4,690	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	8,150	4,360	3,790	0	0	0
Bengali	295	145	155	0	0	0
Gujarati	585	200	385	0	0	0
Hindi	710	340	370	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	10	10	0	0	0	0
Marathi	30	15	15	0	0	0
Nepali	55	20	35	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5,490	3,150	2,340	0	0	0
Sindhi	20	10	10	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	15	10	0	0	0
Urdu	935	465	470	0	0	0
Iranian languages	2,415	1,515	895	0	0	0
Kurdish	85	70	10	0	0	0
Pashto	15	10	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	2,320	1,440	880	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	9,410	5,505	3,910	0	0	0
Catalan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Italian	720	390	335	0	0	0
Portuguese	4,910	3,240	1,670	0	10	0
Romanian	220	95	125	0	0	0
Spanish	3,545	1,775	1,775	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Japanese	765	250	520	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	10	10	10	0	0	0
Georgian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Korean	4,205	2,125	2,080	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	70	35	35	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	20	0	15	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	20	15	10	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	10	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	10	10	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	0	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	295	120	180	0	10	10
American Sign Language	195	50	140	0	0	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	105	65	40	10	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	51,785	27,560	24,220	0	0	0
Chinese languages	51,735	27,535	24,205	0	0	0
Cantonese	24,825	12,930	11,890	0	0	0
Hakka	35	10	30	0	0	0
Mandarin	25,715	14,005	11,710	0	0	0
Min Dong	30	20	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	220	145	75	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	25	20	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	890	405	480	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	50	30	25	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	10	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	45	30	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	70	30	40	0	0	0
Lao	10	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	60	30	35	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	405	275	130	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	15	10	10	0	0	0
Turkish	385	260	125	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	10	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	290	130	160	0	0	0
Estonian	50	10	35	0	0	0
Finnish	35	10	30	0	0	0
Hungarian	205	115	95	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	77,785	37,445	40,340	285	145	140
English and French	15,535	6,000	9,535	15	10	10
English and non-official language	61,045	30,905	30,145	270	135	135
French and non-official language	75	45	35	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	1,130	495	635	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	3,108,060	1,593,200	1,514,865	17,000	8,780	8,220
None	2,853,615	1,465,535	1,388,080	7,360	4,060	3,295
English	42,865	20,790	22,075	3,665	1,705	1,960
French	44,295	19,000	25,295	355	210	140
Non-official language	162,965	85,830	77,140	5,560	2,770	2,785
Aboriginal	125	30	90	5,520	2,760	2,765
Non-Aboriginal	162,840	85,790	77,050	40	10	25
English and French	85	40	45	10	10	0
English and non-official language	1,165	560	600	0	0	0
French and non-official language	3,050	1,430	1,620	55	25	30
English, French and non-official language	20	20	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	5,316,405	2,578,540	2,737,865	34,880	17,750	17,125
Non-movers	4,638,795	2,245,210	2,393,580	29,485	15,105	14,375
Movers	677,605	333,320	344,285	5,400	2,640	2,750
Non-migrants	411,950	201,845	210,100	3,560	1,760	1,800
Migrants	265,660	131,475	134,185	1,835	885	955
Internal migrants	163,550	80,665	82,885	1,785	865	925
Intraprovincial migrants	138,890	68,355	70,540	795	380	415
Interprovincial migrants	24,655	12,315	12,340	990	480	510
External migrants	102,110	50,810	51,300	50	20	30
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	5,092,400	2,463,705	2,628,690	31,435	16,015	15,420
Non-movers	3,128,180	1,505,965	1,622,210	18,455	9,575	8,880
Movers	1,964,220	957,740	1,006,480	12,975	6,440	6,535
Non-migrants	1,108,880	539,010	569,865	8,745	4,355	4,395
Migrants	855,345	418,730	436,615	4,235	2,085	2,150
Internal migrants	475,275	232,345	242,925	4,045	2,005	2,040
Intraprovincial migrants	411,920	201,625	210,295	1,510	755	755
Interprovincial migrants	63,350	30,720	32,630	2,535	1,250	1,285
External migrants	380,070	186,385	193,685	185	80	105

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Toronto [Population centre], Ontario and Nunavut [Territory] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 17, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Toronto [Population centre], Ontario and Nunavut [Territory]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Toronto [Population centre], Ontario and Nunavut [Territory]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Toronto [Population centre], Ontario and Nunavut [Territory]