Census Profile, 2016 Census
Williams Lake [Population centre], British Columbia and Sarnia--Lambton [Federal electoral district], Ontario

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Williams Lake British Columbia [Population centre]			Sarnia--Lambton Ontario [Federal electoral district]
	Data quality , Williams Lake [Population centre], British Columbia Map : Williams Lake [Population centre], British Columbia Change geography 1			Data quality : Sarnia--Lambton [Federal electoral district], Ontario Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	10,508	...	...	105,337	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	10,902 ^r	...	...	106,293	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	-3.6	...	...	-0.9	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	4,927	...	...	47,953	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	4,423	...	...	45,594	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	494.2	...	...	71.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	21.26	...	...	1,477.68	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	10,515	5,250	5,260	105,340	51,335	54,000
0 to 14 years	1,765	935	835	16,260	8,215	8,050
0 to 4 years	575	320	260	5,095	2,595	2,495
5 to 9 years	595	305	290	5,705	2,835	2,875
10 to 14 years	590	310	285	5,460	2,785	2,675
15 to 64 years	6,765	3,400	3,365	66,675	32,915	33,760
15 to 19 years	600	315	285	5,780	2,945	2,830
20 to 24 years	680	355	325	6,340	3,305	3,035
25 to 29 years	705	355	350	6,060	3,065	2,995
30 to 34 years	730	370	355	6,020	3,015	3,010
35 to 39 years	620	310	310	5,660	2,730	2,930
40 to 44 years	600	285	320	5,810	2,855	2,955
45 to 49 years	670	340	335	6,175	3,045	3,135
50 to 54 years	655	310	345	7,820	3,715	4,105
55 to 59 years	775	405	370	8,750	4,230	4,525
60 to 64 years	720	355	365	8,250	4,000	4,245
65 years and over	1,980	910	1,065	22,405	10,205	12,195
65 to 69 years	640	330	310	7,195	3,515	3,680
70 to 74 years	430	230	200	5,355	2,580	2,770
75 to 79 years	300	120	175	3,825	1,740	2,080
80 to 84 years	275	95	180	3,030	1,310	1,720
85 years and over	340	135	205	3,000	1,060	1,940
85 to 89 years	150	85	60	1,930	760	1,170
90 to 94 years	180	45	135	860	260	605
95 to 99 years	10	0	10	180	35	145
100 years and over	5	0	0	30	5	25
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.8	17.8	15.9	15.4	16.0	14.9
15 to 64 years	64.3	64.8	64.0	63.3	64.1	62.5
65 years and over	18.8	17.3	20.2	21.3	19.9	22.6
85 years and over	3.2	2.6	3.9	2.8	2.1	3.6
Average age of the population	41.6	40.4	42.8	43.7	42.6	44.6
Median age of the population	41.1	39.6	42.7	45.6	44.2	46.9
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	4,425	...	...	45,595	...	...
Single-detached house	2,180	...	...	33,445	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	3,910	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	1,755	...	...	8,130	...	...
Semi-detached house	240	...	...	1,465	...	...
Row house	320	...	...	2,140	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	475	...	...	910	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	705	...	...	3,480	...	...
Other single-attached house	15	...	...	130	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	490	...	...	110	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	4,425	...	...	45,595	...	...
1 person	1,395	...	...	13,760	...	...
2 persons	1,590	...	...	17,515	...	...
3 persons	640	...	...	6,130	...	...
4 persons	505	...	...	5,465	...	...
5 or more persons	285	...	...	2,720	...	...
Number of persons in private households	10,085	...	...	103,695	...	...
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	8,745	4,315	4,430	89,075	43,125	45,960
Married or living common law	4,755	2,415	2,345	52,900	26,440	26,465
Married	3,525	1,800	1,725	44,845	22,410	22,430
Living common law	1,230	615	620	8,055	4,025	4,030
Not married and not living common law	3,990	1,905	2,085	36,180	16,685	19,490
Never married	2,450	1,365	1,080	21,360	11,745	9,615
Separated	345	155	185	2,900	1,250	1,645
Divorced	595	285	315	5,550	2,350	3,200
Widowed	600	100	505	6,375	1,340	5,030
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	2,860	...	...	31,005	...	...
2 persons	1,635	...	...	17,665	...	...
3 persons	570	...	...	5,955	...	...
4 persons	460	...	...	5,125	...	...
5 or more persons	195	...	...	2,255	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	2,865	...	...	31,005	...	...
Total couple families	2,265	...	...	26,045	...	...
Married couples	1,650	...	...	22,020	...	...
Common-law couples	615	...	...	4,030	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	595	...	...	4,960	...	...
Female parent	465	...	...	3,880	...	...
Male parent	130	...	...	1,080	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	2,265	...	...	26,045	...	...
Couples without children	1,280	...	...	14,690	...	...
Couples with children	985	...	...	11,355	...	...
1 child	405	...	...	4,525	...	...
2 children	405	...	...	4,700	...	...
3 or more children	175	...	...	2,135	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	595	...	...	4,960	...	...
1 child	360	...	...	2,970	...	...
2 children	165	...	...	1,435	...	...
3 or more children	75	...	...	555	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	2,230	1,185	1,045	18,010	8,605	9,405
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	4,425	...	...	45,595	...	...
One-census-family households	2,715	...	...	30,130	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	1,230	...	...	14,370	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	1,485	...	...	15,765	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	75	...	...	435	...	...
Non-census-family households	1,635	...	...	15,030	...	...
One-person households	1,395	...	...	13,765	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	235	...	...	1,270	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	10,130	5,080	5,050	104,110	50,895	53,215
English only	9,640	4,875	4,760	96,670	47,695	48,970
French only	30	5	25	40	20	20
English and French	400	180	220	7,140	3,075	4,065
Neither English nor French	55	20	40	255	105	155
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	10,130	5,085	5,045	104,110	50,900	53,215
English	9,925	4,995	4,930	101,735	49,850	51,890
French	140	65	75	2,010	900	1,105
English and French	10	5	5	120	55	65
Neither English nor French	55	20	35	245	95	155
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	145	65	80	2,070	925	1,140
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.4	1.3	1.6	2.0	1.8	2.1
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	10,130	5,080	5,050	104,110	50,895	53,215
Single responses	9,975	5,005	4,970	103,170	50,445	52,725
Official languages	9,050	4,575	4,475	96,270	47,080	49,190
English	8,885	4,505	4,380	94,070	46,095	47,975
French	160	75	90	2,200	980	1,215
Non-official languages	925	425	495	6,900	3,365	3,535
Aboriginal languages	130	45	85	45	15	30
Algonquian languages	5	0	5	40	15	25
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	40	20	25
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	45	15	25
Oji-Cree	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	95	30	65	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	95	30	65	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	5	5	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	90	30	60	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	5	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	25	15	10	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	25	15	10	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	5	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	795	380	410	6,855	3,345	3,505
Afro-Asiatic languages	5	0	5	250	135	115
Berber languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	5	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	5	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	5	5	5	245	125	115
Amharic	0	0	0	0	5	5
Arabic	5	0	5	210	110	100
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	5	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	5	5	5
Maltese	0	0	0	5	0	5
Tigrigna	0	0	0	10	5	5
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	75	35	40
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Vietnamese	0	0	0	65	30	35
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	65	25	40	230	80	155
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	5
Cebuano	5	0	5	15	5	10
Fijian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	5	0	10	5	5
Malagasy	0	0	0	5	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	10	0	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	55	20	40	190	60	125
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	5	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Creole languages	5	0	0	5	5	5
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	10	5	5	135	85	45
Kannada	0	0	0	5	0	5
Malayalam	5	5	0	55	35	15
Tamil	0	0	0	40	25	15
Telugu	5	0	0	35	25	15
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	610	305	305	5,385	2,635	2,745
Albanian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Armenian	0	0	0	20	15	10
Balto-Slavic languages	60	40	25	820	365	450
Baltic languages	0	0	0	25	15	10
Latvian	0	0	0	15	5	5
Lithuanian	0	0	0	10	10	5
Slavic languages	65	35	25	790	360	435
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	5	5	5
Bulgarian	5	5	5	5	5	5
Croatian	15	5	5	65	35	30
Czech	5	0	5	60	15	35
Macedonian	0	0	0	10	10	5
Polish	5	5	0	325	150	175
Russian	10	5	5	70	20	45
Serbian	0	0	0	30	15	15
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	10	5	0
Slovak	5	0	0	105	45	60
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	10	10	5
Ukrainian	15	10	10	90	40	50
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	5	10	5
Celtic languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	5	5	0
Welsh	0	0	0	10	5	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	200	95	105	1,715	805	910
Afrikaans	15	10	5	20	5	10
Danish	10	5	0	35	20	20
Dutch	25	15	10	1,010	475	535
Frisian	0	0	0	40	15	20
German	135	55	80	565	265	295
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Swedish	5	0	0	10	5	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0	30	10	20
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Greek	0	0	0	200	115	85
Indo-Iranian languages	270	140	130	750	410	345
Indo-Aryan languages	270	140	135	670	365	305
Bengali	5	5	0	25	10	10
Gujarati	0	0	0	270	145	125
Hindi	10	5	5	110	65	50
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	5	0	5
Marathi	0	0	0	20	15	5
Nepali	5	0	5	5	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	5	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	250	120	125	120	60	55
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	5	5	0	0
Urdu	5	5	0	105	50	50
Iranian languages	5	0	0	80	40	35
Kurdish	0	0	0	10	5	10
Pashto	0	0	0	10	5	5
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	55	35	30
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Italic (Romance) languages	75	30	45	1,855	915	940
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	15	10	5	960	510	455
Portuguese	20	10	10	400	195	210
Romanian	0	0	0	55	20	35
Spanish	45	15	25	430	190	240
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Japanese	5	0	0	20	10	10
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	30	10	20	90	35	55
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	0	50	35	15
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	5	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	10	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	5	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	5	5	5
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	25	20	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	5	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	5	0	20	10	5
American Sign Language	5	0	0	5	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	15	10	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	55	20	35	395	190	205
Chinese languages	55	20	30	370	180	195
Cantonese	30	10	15	145	80	70
Hakka	0	0	0	0	5	5
Mandarin	20	5	15	185	80	100
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	5	5	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	5	25	10	15
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	25	10	10
Burmese	0	0	0	25	10	10
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	15	5	10
Lao	0	0	0	5	0	5
Thai	0	0	0	10	5	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	30	15	20
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	10	5	5
Turkish	0	0	0	25	10	10
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	5	5	150	75	75
Estonian	5	0	0	10	5	5
Finnish	5	5	0	35	15	20
Hungarian	0	0	5	105	55	50
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	5	0
Multiple responses	155	75	80	940	450	490
English and French	20	10	10	310	130	180
English and non-official language	130	65	70	585	295	285
French and non-official language	0	0	0	20	15	10
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	30	10	15
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	10,130	5,080	5,050	104,110	50,900	53,215
Single responses	9,920	4,985	4,940	102,835	50,295	52,535
Official languages	9,555	4,805	4,750	100,725	49,295	51,430
English	9,515	4,795	4,720	100,165	49,055	51,110
French	45	10	35	560	240	315
Non-official languages	370	180	185	2,110	1,005	1,105
Aboriginal languages	20	10	10	10	5	10
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	10	5	10
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	10	5	10
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	15	5	10
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	15	5	10	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	15	5	10	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	345	175	175	2,100	1,000	1,100
Afro-Asiatic languages	5	0	5	110	50	55
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	105	50	55
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	5	5	0	90	45	50
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	5	5	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	10	5	5
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	40	25	20
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	5	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	40	20	20
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	20	10	10	80	40	45
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	5	0	5
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	5	0	5
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	5	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	25	15	10	70	35	35
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	80	50	30
Kannada	0	0	0	0	5	5
Malayalam	0	0	0	40	30	15
Tamil	0	0	0	25	15	10
Telugu	0	0	0	15	5	10
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	265	130	135	1,405	645	755
Albanian	0	0	0	5	5	0
Armenian	0	0	0	5	5	5
Balto-Slavic languages	15	10	5	150	70	80
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	5	0	5
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	15	10	5	150	65	80
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	5	0	0
Bulgarian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	5	15	5	10
Czech	5	0	0	10	5	5
Macedonian	5	0	0	0	5	0
Polish	5	0	0	65	30	35
Russian	0	0	5	20	10	10
Serbian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	15	5	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	5	0	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	30	15	15	125	50	70
Afrikaans	15	10	5	15	5	5
Danish	0	0	0	5	5	0
Dutch	0	0	0	35	15	20
Frisian	0	0	0	0	5	0
German	15	5	15	70	30	40
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	90	45	45
Indo-Iranian languages	205	95	105	410	220	190
Indo-Aryan languages	205	100	105	375	195	175
Bengali	0	0	0	5	5	5
Gujarati	0	0	0	180	90	90
Hindi	5	5	0	55	30	25
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	5	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	15	10	10
Nepali	0	0	0	0	5	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	200	95	105	65	40	25
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	50	25	20
Iranian languages	0	0	0	40	15	20
Kurdish	0	0	0	10	5	5
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	30	15	15
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	5	0	630	265	365
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	5	5	0	245	100	150
Portuguese	0	0	0	160	60	95
Romanian	0	0	0	20	5	10
Spanish	5	0	5	200	90	110
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	5	5	0	15	10	5
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	20	10	10	60	30	35
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	5
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	5	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	5	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	5
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	5	0	25	20	10
American Sign Language	0	0	0	5	5	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	5	5	5	25	15	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	10	15	230	115	115
Chinese languages	25	10	15	215	110	110
Cantonese	15	5	5	85	35	40
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	5	0	5	125	65	60
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	5	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	10	5	10
Burmese	0	0	0	15	5	5
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Lao	0	0	0	5	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	5	5	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	25	10	15
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	25	10	15
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	205	95	110	1,275	600	675
English and French	15	10	5	135	50	85
English and non-official language	195	85	105	1,105	530	575
French and non-official language	0	0	0	10	10	5
English, French and non-official language	5	0	0	25	10	10
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	10,125	5,085	5,045	104,110	50,895	53,210
None	9,575	4,820	4,750	98,625	48,380	50,245
English	130	60	70	1,230	585	640
French	60	30	30	1,620	665	955
Non-official language	360	170	195	2,540	1,225	1,315
Aboriginal	115	50	65	120	45	75
Non-Aboriginal	245	120	130	2,415	1,175	1,245
English and French	0	0	0	5	5	5
English and non-official language	0	0	0	25	15	15
French and non-official language	5	0	0	60	30	35
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	8,315	4,130	4,185	87,450	42,535	44,915
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	8,070	4,020	4,055	84,300	41,240	43,060
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,402	46,482	25,762	35,458	48,521	26,929
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	8,080	4,025	4,060	84,370	41,240	43,130
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,246	40,390	24,320	32,113	42,600	24,808
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	7,125	3,655	3,470	75,945	38,020	37,920
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,138	46,700	22,800	32,587	45,579	22,939
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	5,725	2,510	3,215	62,720	28,585	34,140
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,155	7,542	6,919	7,894	8,181	7,682
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	6,120	3,205	2,915	60,135	32,355	27,785
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,236	49,865	23,808	30,630	40,340	24,188
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	8,295	4,120	4,175	87,450	42,565	44,885
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	8,040	4,010	4,030	84,105	41,190	42,915
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,195	53,466	30,981	49,727	64,114	35,916
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	8,040	4,010	4,030	84,230	41,190	43,035
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,093	44,517	27,721	40,669	51,110	30,677
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	7,155	3,695	3,465	75,790	37,990	37,800
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,635	52,214	28,284	47,921	63,018	32,748
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	5,675	2,430	3,250	62,655	28,490	34,170
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,534	8,873	8,282	8,785	8,671	8,881
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	6,125	3,260	2,865	60,130	32,305	27,835
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,938	53,413	28,885	46,492	57,928	33,219
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	8,295	4,120	4,175	87,445	42,565	44,890
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	2,680	1,605	1,070	26,095	15,110	10,980
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	54,096	64,626	40,173	56,711	71,771	44,286
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	58,366	67,880	44,125	72,473	86,421	53,280
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	85.5	89.5	79.0	86.9	90.8	80.3
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	75.0	79.8	66.9	66.6	70.6	59.7
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	14.4	10.5	20.9	13.1	9.2	19.7
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	8,315	4,130	4,185	87,450	42,535	44,915
Without total income	240	110	135	3,150	1,300	1,850
With total income	8,070	4,020	4,050	84,300	41,240	43,060
Percentage with total income	97.1	97.3	96.8	96.4	97.0	95.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,095	415	675	11,530	4,430	7,100
$10,000 to $19,999	1,395	510	885	13,645	4,720	8,925
$20,000 to $29,999	1,225	470	755	11,600	4,065	7,540
$30,000 to $39,999	975	390	585	9,465	3,980	5,490
$40,000 to $49,999	720	320	405	8,370	4,010	4,350
$50,000 to $59,999	590	335	250	6,375	3,605	2,770
$60,000 to $69,999	570	400	170	5,065	3,110	1,955
$70,000 to $79,999	425	300	120	3,830	2,520	1,310
$80,000 to $89,999	330	240	90	2,965	1,965	1,005
$90,000 to $99,999	235	195	40	2,660	1,720	940
$100,000 and over	515	440	80	8,800	7,115	1,680
$100,000 to $149,999	435	380	65	5,645	4,450	1,195
$150,000 and over	80	65	15	3,150	2,665	490
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	8,315	4,135	4,185	87,450	42,535	44,915
Without after-tax income	240	110	130	3,085	1,295	1,785
With after-tax income	8,080	4,025	4,055	84,370	41,240	43,130
Percentage with after-tax income	97.2	97.3	96.9	96.5	97.0	96.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,130	440	690	12,160	4,495	7,660
$10,000 to $19,999	1,475	565	910	14,300	4,960	9,345
$20,000 to $29,999	1,410	535	870	13,330	4,885	8,440
$30,000 to $39,999	1,110	460	645	11,085	4,920	6,165
$40,000 to $49,999	810	415	395	9,130	4,855	4,275
$50,000 to $59,999	750	525	230	6,810	4,190	2,625
$60,000 to $69,999	530	375	150	4,745	3,205	1,540
$70,000 to $79,999	375	295	80	4,000	2,690	1,310
$80,000 and over	500	415	85	8,815	7,040	1,775
$80,000 to $89,999	225	185	40	2,590	1,905	690
$90,000 to $99,999	125	105	20	1,765	1,385	380
$100,000 and over	150	125	25	4,455	3,750	705
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	8,315	4,135	4,185	87,455	42,540	44,915
Without employment income	2,195	925	1,270	27,310	10,185	17,130
With employment income	6,120	3,205	2,915	60,140	32,355	27,785
Percentage with employment income	73.6	77.5	69.7	68.8	76.1	61.9
Under $5,000 (including loss)	905	375	530	11,360	6,475	4,885
$5,000 to $9,999	470	185	285	4,770	1,950	2,825
$10,000 to $19,999	740	275	465	7,310	2,835	4,475
$20,000 to $29,999	675	260	410	6,230	2,440	3,790
$30,000 to $39,999	665	275	385	5,720	2,410	3,315
$40,000 to $49,999	505	225	275	4,640	2,235	2,400
$50,000 to $59,999	440	255	180	3,620	1,995	1,620
$60,000 to $69,999	450	325	130	2,850	1,735	1,110
$70,000 to $79,999	350	255	95	2,330	1,550	780
$80,000 and over	925	770	150	11,310	8,730	2,580
$80,000 to $89,999	290	220	65	2,085	1,370	715
$90,000 to $99,999	210	170	35	2,150	1,390	760
$100,000 and over	425	375	50	7,075	5,970	1,105
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	4,420	...	...	45,595	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	67,440	...	...	71,267	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	58,458	...	...	62,606	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	1,400	...	...	13,765	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	35,968	...	...	36,304	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	32,112	...	...	32,820	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	3,025	...	...	31,835	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	84,173	...	...	89,881	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	72,945	...	...	77,994	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	4,440	...	...	45,590	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	76,414	...	...	91,736	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	65,400	...	...	75,137	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,450	...	...	13,755	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	46,097	...	...	47,375	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	39,388	...	...	39,550	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	2,990	...	...	31,835	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	91,067	...	...	110,905	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	77,973	...	...	90,515	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	4,420	...	...	45,595	...	...
Under $5,000	45	...	...	470	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	60	...	...	690	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	135	...	...	1,340	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	185	...	...	1,675	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	225	...	...	2,035	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	205	...	...	1,730	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	200	...	...	1,970	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	195	...	...	1,970	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	205	...	...	1,880	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	190	...	...	1,830	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	320	...	...	3,495	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	340	...	...	3,300	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	300	...	...	3,070	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	300	...	...	2,790	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	270	...	...	2,390	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,240	...	...	14,970	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	535	...	...	4,750	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	315	...	...	3,205	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	270	...	...	3,725	...	...
$200,000 and over	125	...	...	3,290	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	4,425	...	...	45,595	...	...
Under $5,000	50	...	...	505	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	65	...	...	700	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	135	...	...	1,375	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	185	...	...	1,735	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	270	...	...	2,300	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	240	...	...	1,995	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	235	...	...	2,255	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	220	...	...	2,230	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	245	...	...	2,345	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	195	...	...	2,125	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	435	...	...	4,215	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	390	...	...	3,820	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	390	...	...	3,615	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	320	...	...	2,960	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	270	...	...	2,510	...	...
$100,000 and over	785	...	...	10,905	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	410	...	...	4,550	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	205	...	...	2,705	...	...
$150,000 and over	170	...	...	3,650	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	2,860	...	...	30,890	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	82,227	...	...	90,378	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	71,595	...	...	78,381	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	1,200	...	...	14,155	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	80,768	...	...	83,485	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	69,939	...	...	72,752	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	1,000	...	...	11,485	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	105,216	...	...	123,748	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	90,185	...	...	103,892	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	565	...	...	4,680	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	47,232	...	...	47,607	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	43,520	...	...	45,302	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	2,825	...	...	30,875	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	89,317	...	...	111,771	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	76,456	...	...	91,071	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	1,170	...	...	14,160	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	87,740	...	...	102,914	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	74,504	...	...	83,910	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	1,015	...	...	11,460	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	109,461	...	...	143,714	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	93,257	...	...	115,510	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	545	...	...	4,670	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	54,779	...	...	61,634	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	48,830	...	...	53,821	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	1,955	1,065	890	16,505	7,945	8,560
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	33,365	40,704	28,160	33,594	37,739	30,651
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	30,251	35,669	25,984	30,516	33,786	28,283
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	1,985	1,055	925	16,480	8,000	8,485
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	43,883	52,508	34,035	44,397	50,398	38,738
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	37,540	43,755	30,443	37,256	41,124	33,609
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	10,080	5,065	5,015	103,695	50,740	52,950
In the bottom half of the distribution	5,435	2,580	2,855	47,150	21,930	25,225
In the bottom decile	1,180	545	640	9,270	4,380	4,890
In the second decile	1,160	535	630	9,180	3,890	5,295
In the third decile	1,040	480	560	9,450	4,350	5,095
In the fourth decile	1,020	495	525	9,365	4,440	4,925
In the fifth decile	1,035	530	500	9,885	4,870	5,015
In the top half of the distribution	4,645	2,485	2,165	56,545	28,810	27,730
In the sixth decile	995	500	495	10,245	5,105	5,145
In the seventh decile	1,130	605	525	11,385	5,700	5,685
In the eighth decile	1,010	545	470	11,295	5,770	5,525
In the ninth decile	950	525	425	11,865	6,120	5,740
In the top decile	565	310	255	11,750	6,120	5,630
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	10,085	5,065	5,015	103,055	50,435	52,625
0 to 17 years	2,110	1,115	995	19,470	9,880	9,590
0 to 5 years	705	390	315	6,125	3,130	2,995
18 to 64 years	6,340	3,180	3,160	62,580	30,795	31,785
65 years and over	1,635	775	860	21,005	9,755	11,250
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,650	735	910	13,455	6,005	7,450
0 to 17 years	475	240	235	3,375	1,680	1,690
0 to 5 years	185	105	80	1,240	620	625
18 to 64 years	935	405	530	8,170	3,715	4,450
65 years and over	240	90	150	1,915	610	1,305
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	16.4	14.5	18.1	13.1	11.9	14.2
0 to 17 years (%)	22.5	21.5	23.6	17.3	17.0	17.6
0 to 5 years (%)	26.2	26.9	25.4	20.2	19.8	20.9
18 to 64 years (%)	14.7	12.7	16.8	13.1	12.1	14.0
65 years and over (%)	14.7	11.6	17.4	9.1	6.3	11.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	735	330	400	6,930	3,350	3,580
0 to 17 years	195	95	105	1,505	725	780
0 to 5 years	65	35	30	560	265	295
18 to 64 years	515	230	285	5,075	2,495	2,580
65 years and over	20	10	15	345	135	215
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	7.3	6.5	8.0	6.7	6.6	6.8
0 to 17 years (%)	9.2	8.5	10.6	7.7	7.3	8.1
0 to 5 years (%)	9.2	9.0	9.5	9.1	8.5	9.8
18 to 64 years (%)	8.1	7.2	9.0	8.1	8.1	8.1
65 years and over (%)	1.2	1.3	1.7	1.6	1.4	1.9
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	10,100	5,065	5,035	103,685	50,735	52,950
Official languages	10,060	5,065	4,995	103,425	50,610	52,810
English	10,060	5,065	4,995	103,385	50,600	52,790
French	305	140	170	7,205	3,180	4,025
Non-official languages	1,225	555	670	8,900	4,285	4,615
Aboriginal languages	265	120	145	195	65	130
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	200	70	130
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	195	70	125
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	195	65	125
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	220	80	135	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	215	80	135	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	15	0	15	0	0	0
Chilcotin	205	75	130	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	45	30	10	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	45	30	10	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	960	435	525	8,705	4,215	4,485
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	0	0	485	280	200
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	10	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	10	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	10	10	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	475	275	205
Amharic	0	10	0	10	10	0
Arabic	0	0	10	415	230	185
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	10	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	10	10	0
Maltese	0	0	0	10	10	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	15	10	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	25	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	45	25	15
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	40	20	20
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	75	25	55	345	135	215
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	15	0	10
Fijian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	15	0	10
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	25	15	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	70	20	50	315	110	205
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	0	0	10	0	10
Creole languages	0	0	0	20	10	15
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	175	135	40
Kannada	0	0	0	10	10	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	85	65	20
Tamil	0	0	0	45	30	10
Telugu	0	0	0	75	55	15
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	735	365	370	6,730	3,235	3,495
Albanian	0	0	0	25	15	10
Armenian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Balto-Slavic languages	95	65	30	895	395	500
Baltic languages	0	0	0	20	10	15
Latvian	0	0	0	10	10	10
Lithuanian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Slavic languages	95	60	30	880	390	485
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	15	0	10
Bulgarian	0	0	0	45	20	20
Croatian	25	15	10	40	15	25
Czech	0	0	0	50	25	25
Macedonian	0	0	0	25	20	10
Polish	25	20	10	370	175	195
Russian	20	10	10	140	50	90
Serbian	0	0	0	25	10	10
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	115	40	80
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	15	15	0
Ukrainian	25	20	0	125	50	70
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Celtic languages	10	0	10	35	25	10
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	15	15	0
Welsh	0	0	0	20	15	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	10	0	0
Germanic languages	215	85	135	2,015	945	1,070
Afrikaans	0	0	0	30	15	15
Danish	25	15	10	20	0	15
Dutch	50	20	30	1,095	515	580
Frisian	0	0	0	65	40	25
German	150	60	95	825	390	435
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	15	15	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	30	10	15
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Greek	0	0	10	265	155	115
Indo-Iranian languages	275	145	130	1,010	560	455
Indo-Aryan languages	275	145	130	910	505	405
Bengali	0	10	0	50	25	20
Gujarati	0	0	0	345	200	145
Hindi	55	35	20	500	290	210
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	15	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	10
Nepali	10	0	10	10	0	10
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	245	125	120	180	85	100
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	25	20	0	170	85	85
Iranian languages	0	0	0	110	60	50
Kurdish	0	0	0	30	10	20
Pashto	0	0	0	10	10	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	85	50	40
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Italic (Romance) languages	145	70	75	2,595	1,210	1,380
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	45	25	20	1,185	585	600
Portuguese	40	15	20	425	175	245
Romanian	0	0	0	70	25	45
Spanish	75	30	40	980	450	530
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	115	90	25
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	75	25	55	85	40	40
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	0	0	180	90	85
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	15	0	10
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	10	10	0
Lingala	0	0	0	10	10	10
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	10	125	45	75
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	10	15	15	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	15	10	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	25	0	20	110	35	70
American Sign Language	10	0	0	45	10	35
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	0	20	70	35	35
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	10	10	440	190	250
Chinese languages	15	10	10	405	170	235
Cantonese	15	10	10	160	80	80
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	215	80	130
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	15	10	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	50	20	30
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	40	20	20
Burmese	0	0	0	40	15	20
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	25	10	10
Lao	0	0	0	10	10	0
Thai	0	0	0	15	0	15
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	20	10	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	10	10	0
Turkish	0	0	0	15	0	10
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	15	0	10	155	80	75
Estonian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Finnish	0	0	0	10	0	0
Hungarian	10	0	0	140	65	70
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	10,100	5,070	5,030	103,690	50,740	52,950
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	9,750	4,945	4,805	100,960	49,535	51,430
Canadian citizens aged under 18	2,110	1,105	1,005	19,425	9,845	9,580
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	7,635	3,840	3,795	81,540	39,690	41,845
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	350	120	230	2,725	1,205	1,525
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	10,100	5,065	5,030	103,690	50,740	52,950
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	9,125	4,635	4,490	92,270	45,400	46,870
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	895	400	490	10,820	4,945	5,875
Before 1981	450	245	205	6,850	3,240	3,610
1981 to 1990	95	20	80	1,160	435	725
1991 to 2000	90	35	55	1,015	460	555
2001 to 2010	80	30	40	1,255	560	690
2001 to 2005	50	20	30	605	275	325
2006 to 2010	30	15	15	650	290	360
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	175	60	115	540	245	295
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	75	35	45	600	395	210
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	895	395	495	10,815	4,945	5,870
Under 5 years	85	50	35	1,490	685	805
5 to 14 years	195	100	95	2,175	1,090	1,085
15 to 24 years	290	110	175	2,845	1,215	1,630
25 to 44 years	260	110	150	3,770	1,710	2,060
45 years and over	70	30	40	530	245	285
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	890	395	495	10,820	4,940	5,870
Americas	150	65	85	2,070	710	1,365
Brazil	0	10	0	10	0	10
Colombia	0	0	0	50	25	30
El Salvador	10	0	0	100	45	55
Guyana	0	10	0	20	10	15
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	140	75	70
Mexico	0	0	0	75	35	40
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	75	35	45
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	125	55	75	1,340	350	990
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	10	250	125	120
Europe	365	180	180	6,490	3,150	3,340
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	0	0	20	0	15
Croatia	15	15	0	20	10	10
France	0	0	0	50	25	25
Germany	65	35	35	405	165	240
Greece	0	0	0	155	90	65
Hungary	0	0	10	125	70	55
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	15	10	10	135	65	70
Italy	10	10	0	705	380	330
Netherlands	35	15	20	915	465	450
Poland	15	10	10	215	90	130
Portugal	30	10	15	250	105	145
Romania	0	0	0	80	25	55
Russian Federation	10	10	10	30	15	15
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	0	0	0	25	15	15
Ukraine	10	0	10	25	0	20
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	115	60	55	2,880	1,410	1,475
Other places of birth in Europe	30	15	20	435	215	220
Africa	15	0	10	335	180	155
Algeria	0	0	0	10	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	30	15	15
Ethiopia	0	0	0	15	0	10
Kenya	0	0	0	0	0	10
Morocco	0	0	0	10	0	10
Nigeria	10	0	10	20	15	0
Somalia	0	0	0	10	10	0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	0	35	20	10
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	220	110	110
Asia	350	145	205	1,885	875	1,005
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	15	10	10
China^{Census data footnote 59}	15	10	10	215	60	160
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	40	30	20
India	185	75	105	460	235	220
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	75	45	30
Iraq	0	0	0	160	100	60
Japan	0	0	0	20	10	15
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	40	10	25	75	35	40
Lebanon	0	0	0	45	20	25
Pakistan	10	10	0	115	50	60
Philippines	75	25	50	300	115	185
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	15	10	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	40	20	20
Taiwan	10	0	0	15	0	15
Viet Nam	0	0	0	65	25	40
Other places of birth in Asia	20	10	10	225	110	110
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	20	0	15	35	25	10
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	180	60	115	540	250	295
Americas	0	0	10	145	65	80
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	10	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	10	10	0
Mexico	0	0	0	20	10	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	10	0	10	100	30	70
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	15	15	0
Europe	35	20	20	90	25	55
France	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	15	10	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	10	0	10
Russian Federation	10	10	10	10	10	10
Ukraine	0	0	10	10	0	10
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	0	0	0	35	10	25
Other places of birth in Europe	15	15	0	10	0	10
Africa	0	0	10	80	50	25
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	10	10	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	10	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	10	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	10	0	10	10	10	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	45	20	25
Asia	130	40	85	230	100	125
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	10	10	0	10	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	0	0	0	20	10	10
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	20	0	15	65	30	35
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	25	15	10
Iraq	0	0	0	25	15	10
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	30	10	20	10	10	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	10	0	10
Nepal	0	0	0	10	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	75	25	50	30	10	25
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	25	10	15
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	10,100	5,065	5,030	103,690	50,735	52,950
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	1,010	460	550	11,855	5,545	6,310
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	1,545	740	805	16,830	8,265	8,560
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	7,545	3,870	3,670	75,010	36,930	38,075
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	460	160	300	4,125	1,760	2,365
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	270	105	155	1,630	845	790
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	100	40	60	615	450	170
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	170	65	105	1,020	395	625
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	180	45	140	1,930	645	1,285
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	10	10	0	540	260	285
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	0	0	0	25	15	10
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	10,100	5,070	5,035	103,690	50,740	52,945
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	2,065	975	1,095	4,150	2,005	2,145
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	2,050	970	1,085	3,990	1,920	2,070
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	1,620	755	870	2,845	1,330	1,525
Métis	430	215	210	1,110	585	525
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	10	35	0	25
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	10	0	0	50	15	30
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	10	10	10	115	65	50
Non-Aboriginal identity	8,030	4,095	3,935	99,540	48,735	50,805
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	10,100	5,070	5,030	103,690	50,740	52,950
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	1,380	610	765	2,425	1,115	1,315
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	8,720	4,455	4,260	101,260	49,625	51,640
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	10,100	5,070	5,030	103,685	50,740	52,945
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	810	375	435	1,530	730	800
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	805	375	430	1,520	720	795
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	750	355	390	1,400	680	725
Métis single ancestry	55	20	35	115	50	70
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	0	0	10	10	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	10	0	0	0	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	1,380	680	700	3,760	1,860	1,900
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	1,295	655	640	3,685	1,810	1,870
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	990	510	480	2,520	1,215	1,305
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	310	150	160	1,125	585	540
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	40	10	30
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	85	20	65	70	45	30
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	85	25	65	70	45	25
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	7,905	4,015	3,895	98,400	48,150	50,250
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	10,100	5,065	5,035	103,685	50,740	52,945
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	660	285	375	5,155	2,665	2,490
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	330	185	150	1,265	685	575
Chinese	25	10	10	620	260	355
Black	50	10	35	1,150	615	535
Filipino	80	20	55	470	190	280
Latin American	15	0	20	430	215	210
Arab	0	0	0	415	225	185
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	10	10	0	225	125	100
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	0	0	0	110	60	50
Korean	60	20	40	90	50	45
Japanese	25	10	15	90	55	35
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	20	0	15	130	85	45
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	50	20	30	160	95	70
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	9,440	4,785	4,655	98,530	48,070	50,460
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	10,100	5,070	5,030	103,685	50,735	52,950
North American Aboriginal origins	2,190	1,055	1,140	5,290	2,585	2,700
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,825	885	945	4,005	1,940	2,060
Inuit	0	0	0	45	20	30
Métis	455	190	265	1,325	685	635
Other North American origins	3,025	1,565	1,455	37,710	18,320	19,395
Acadian	0	0	0	65	15	50
American	175	80	95	1,685	670	1,010
Canadian	2,925	1,520	1,410	36,530	17,850	18,680
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	50	25	20
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	15	10	0
Québécois	0	0	0	40	20	20
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	20	15	0
European origins	7,150	3,615	3,535	79,660	38,640	41,020
British Isles origins	4,900	2,510	2,390	58,360	28,325	30,035
Channel Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cornish	10	0	0	0	10	0
English	2,910	1,455	1,450	34,750	16,365	18,390
Irish	1,805	950	850	24,150	11,570	12,580
Manx	0	0	0	45	25	20
Scottish	2,360	1,125	1,235	26,475	12,675	13,800
Welsh	280	155	130	2,170	1,080	1,090
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	175	95	80	2,470	1,195	1,275
French origins	1,365	605	760	15,440	7,275	8,165
Alsatian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	1,365	605	760	15,435	7,275	8,155
Western European origins (except French origins)	2,305	1,155	1,150	21,550	10,435	11,110
Austrian	80	35	45	385	200	185
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	60	20	40	1,695	835	860
Dutch	495	260	235	9,670	4,665	5,005
Flemish	10	0	0	65	20	45
Frisian	0	0	0	40	25	20
German	1,740	885	850	11,110	5,360	5,745
Luxembourger	0	0	0	30	10	20
Swiss	50	25	30	200	110	90
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	10	0	10	10	0	10
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	930	475	450	2,100	1,010	1,085
Danish	80	55	25	465	250	215
Finnish	100	55	50	430	230	195
Icelandic	70	30	40	130	65	60
Norwegian	405	200	205	530	240	295
Swedish	345	175	175	505	225	280
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	40	20	15	120	40	80
Eastern European origins	1,445	680	770	7,810	3,670	4,145
Bulgarian	10	10	0	80	30	50
Byelorussian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Czech	30	10	25	380	195	185
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	0	10	0	225	95	130
Estonian	15	10	0	55	35	20
Hungarian	130	50	80	995	445	555
Latvian	10	10	0	80	40	45
Lithuanian	0	0	0	160	60	100
Moldovan	0	0	0	10	10	0
Polish	370	170	200	2,785	1,435	1,350
Romanian	140	65	70	470	190	280
Russian	280	115	160	740	355	385
Slovak	10	0	10	765	305	465
Ukrainian	705	365	340	2,215	1,035	1,180
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	0	0	0	55	30	20
Southern European origins	450	225	225	7,395	3,840	3,555
Albanian	0	0	0	30	15	15
Bosnian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	45	30	20	215	120	95
Cypriot	0	0	0	25	15	10
Greek	15	0	15	665	355	305
Italian	280	145	140	4,595	2,430	2,160
Kosovar	0	0	0	10	0	10
Macedonian	0	0	0	60	45	15
Maltese	0	0	0	90	65	25
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	55	25	25	1,075	540	535
Serbian	0	0	0	70	45	25
Sicilian	0	0	0	25	15	15
Slovenian	0	0	0	85	35	50
Spanish	60	25	35	600	265	330
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	10	0	10	135	60	70
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	75	50	30	320	120	195
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jewish	15	15	0	110	50	60
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	10	0	10
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	60	30	30	200	70	130
Caribbean origins	15	10	10	810	475	335
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	50	25	25
Bermudan	0	0	0	20	10	10
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	10	10	0	35	25	15
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	20	20	10
Jamaican	10	0	0	445	225	215
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	10	10	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	105	75	35
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	20	10	10
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	0	0	0	90	50	40
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	0	0	0	55	45	10
Latin, Central and South American origins	80	45	40	735	375	360
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	15	0	15	30	15	15
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	35	10	20
Belizean	0	0	0	15	10	10
Bolivian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Brazilian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Chilean	15	0	10	50	35	15
Colombian	0	0	0	80	35	50
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	10	10	10
Guatemalan	0	0	0	20	10	0
Guyanese	0	10	0	110	65	50
Hispanic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	35	20	10
Maya	0	0	0	0	0	10
Mexican	45	25	20	230	110	120
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Panamanian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Paraguayan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	100	50	50
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	20	10	10
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	0	0	0	20	10	10
African origins	35	10	20	920	475	445
Central and West African origins	20	0	20	230	130	100
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	20	10	10
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	100	40	60
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Liberian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	20	10	15	75	55	20
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	10	10	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	10	0	10	15	10	10
North African origins	0	0	0	110	45	65
Algerian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	10	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	105	40	65
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	0	10	0	125	70	55
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	25	20	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	30	15	10
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	10	10
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	10
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
South African	10	0	0	35	15	20
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other African origins	10	0	10	485	245	245
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	0	0	0	100	55	40
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	0	0	10	390	190	200
Asian origins	625	265	360	3,920	1,950	1,970
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	30	0	25	915	475	445
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	0	0	0	75	40	40
Armenian	0	0	0	25	15	15
Assyrian	0	0	0	25	10	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	10	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	10	0	0	100	60	40
Iraqi	0	0	0	160	95	65
Israeli	10	0	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	45	35	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0	35	15	15
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	15	0	20	370	180	190
Palestinian	0	0	0	15	10	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	75	35	45
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	0	0	0	50	10	35
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	0	0	0	15	15	0
South Asian origins	335	170	160	1,315	710	605
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	20	15	10
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	305	150	155	1,055	585	470
Goan	0	0	0	25	10	15
Gujarati	0	0	0	15	0	10
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	15	10	10	10	0	10
Pakistani	15	10	0	140	75	65
Punjabi	10	0	0	55	25	35
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	10	10	0
Tamil	0	0	0	10	10	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	0	0	45	20	30
East and Southeast Asian origins	260	95	165	1,710	790	920
Burmese	0	0	0	40	20	20
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese	50	20	30	840	395	450
Filipino	80	30	55	495	200	295
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	60	35	20
Japanese	40	10	25	115	65	50
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	80	25	55	90	45	45
Laotian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Mongolian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	20	10	10
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	110	60	50
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	0	0	0	15	10	10
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	0	0	0	15	10	10
Oceania origins	85	40	45	45	15	30
Australian	35	15	25	30	0	20
New Zealander	10	10	10	15	10	10
Pacific Islands origins	35	25	15	0	0	0
Fijian	30	15	15	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	4,440	...	...	45,590	...	...
Owner	2,740	...	...	33,270	...	...
Renter	1,700	...	...	12,235	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	90	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	4,440	...	...	45,595	...	...
Condominium	365	...	...	1,940	...	...
Not condominium	4,075	...	...	43,650	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	4,440	...	...	45,590	...	...
No bedrooms	10	...	...	80	...	...
1 bedroom	420	...	...	4,545	...	...
2 bedrooms	1,290	...	...	10,075	...	...
3 bedrooms	1,425	...	...	18,555	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	1,290	...	...	12,335	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	4,440	...	...	45,590	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	1,130	...	...	7,765	...	...
5 rooms	775	...	...	5,620	...	...
6 rooms	610	...	...	6,505	...	...
7 rooms	530	...	...	6,870	...	...
8 or more rooms	1,390	...	...	18,835	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...	7.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	4,440	...	...	45,595	...	...
One person or fewer per room	4,395	...	...	45,420	...	...
More than 1 person per room	40	...	...	170	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	4,440	...	...	45,590	...	...
Suitable	4,280	...	...	44,650	...	...
Not suitable	160	...	...	945	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	4,440	...	...	45,595	...	...
1960 or before	425	...	...	16,465	...	...
1961 to 1980	2,605	...	...	15,435	...	...
1981 to 1990	580	...	...	5,285	...	...
1991 to 2000	500	...	...	3,480	...	...
2001 to 2005	105	...	...	1,700	...	...
2006 to 2010	125	...	...	1,930	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	100	...	...	1,305	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	4,440	...	...	45,590	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	4,185	...	...	42,415	...	...
Major repairs needed	260	...	...	3,170	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	4,440	...	...	45,595	...	...
1 household maintainer	2,845	...	...	28,805	...	...
2 household maintainers	1,490	...	...	16,305	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	105	...	...	480	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	4,440	...	...	45,590	...	...
15 to 24 years	280	...	...	1,330	...	...
25 to 34 years	625	...	...	5,815	...	...
35 to 44 years	765	...	...	6,395	...	...
45 to 54 years	770	...	...	8,095	...	...
55 to 64 years	895	...	...	9,905	...	...
65 to 74 years	620	...	...	7,815	...	...
75 to 84 years	380	...	...	4,475	...	...
85 years and over	105	...	...	1,755	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	4,430	...	...	44,475	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	3,630	...	...	35,485	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	795	...	...	8,985	...	...
30% to less than 100%	710	...	...	8,160	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,740	...	...	32,360	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	55.8	...	...	53.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	8.0	...	...	10.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	733	...	...	894	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	879	...	...	1,049	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	219,271	...	...	210,773	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	228,851	...	...	254,614	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,705	...	...	12,170	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	13.5	...	...	13.9	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	33.9	...	...	46.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	823	...	...	827	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	855	...	...	870	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	8,295	4,120	4,175	87,445	42,565	44,885
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,110	1,125	990	13,775	6,590	7,180
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	2,940	1,365	1,575	25,650	11,665	13,975
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,245	1,630	1,615	48,020	24,300	23,720
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	950	740	210	9,280	7,530	1,745
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	375	205	170	3,370	2,315	1,055
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	575	530	45	5,905	5,220	685
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	1,240	435	800	24,760	10,595	14,165
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	295	100	200	1,105	430	675
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	760	360	405	12,880	5,745	7,135
Bachelor's degree	515	245	270	9,265	3,885	5,375
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	45	20	25	915	385	530
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	50	20	25	300	210	95
Master's degree	125	60	65	2,100	1,055	1,040
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	25	15	15	295	205	95
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	5,350	2,655	2,695	54,280	26,585	27,695
No certificate, diploma or degree	980	530	450	4,445	2,340	2,105
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	1,980	935	1,050	14,945	7,020	7,925
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,390	1,195	1,195	34,890	17,225	17,670
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	700	545	150	6,080	4,980	1,100
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	255	140	120	2,150	1,505	645
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	440	405	35	3,930	3,475	450
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	885	300	580	18,895	8,130	10,765
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	205	75	135	705	305	395
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	595	275	325	9,215	3,810	5,410
Bachelor's degree	400	195	210	6,740	2,685	4,055
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	40	10	25	615	245	370
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	30	15	20	240	155	85
Master's degree	115	50	65	1,460	630	830
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	0	0	10	165	95	70
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	8,295	4,120	4,175	87,450	42,560	44,885
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	5,050	2,490	2,560	39,425	18,260	21,165
Education	240	50	190	2,810	695	2,110
13. Education	240	45	190	2,805	695	2,110
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	90	40	50	925	305	620
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	15	10	0	205	110	90
50. Visual and performing arts	75	25	45	720	190	530
Humanities	120	55	65	1,860	725	1,140
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	15	0	10	85	10	75
23. English language and literature/letters	35	10	25	465	115	350
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	30	10	20	560	195	365
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	10	0	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	10	0	80	40	45
39. Theology and religious vocations	30	25	10	225	155	70
54. History	10	0	10	345	210	140
55. French language and literature/letters	0	0	0	85	0	90
Social and behavioural sciences and law	235	75	155	4,360	1,120	3,240
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	25	0	15
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	15	10	10	295	100	195
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	65	0	65	1,500	115	1,385
22. Legal professions and studies	60	25	40	550	185	360
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	10	0	10	50	0	45
42. Psychology	25	15	10	640	100	535
45. Social sciences	55	25	30	1,300	605	695
Business, management and public administration	515	120	395	7,105	2,130	4,975
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	15	0	15
44. Public administration and social service professions	50	15	35	995	175	815
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	460	105	355	6,100	1,955	4,145
Physical and life sciences and technologies	60	35	25	1,440	815	625
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	20	15	10	420	165	255
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	205	90	115
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	15	10	10
40. Physical sciences	30	25	10	425	280	145
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	10	375	275	100
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	50	35	15	1,205	755	450
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	45	30	10	950	640	310
25. Library science	10	0	10	105	25	80
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	135	90	45
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	20	10	10
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	890	865	30	15,040	14,055	990
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	180	135	40
14. Engineering	85	75	0	1,940	1,595	350
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	65	65	0	4,035	3,635	390
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	265	245	15	3,810	3,755	55
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	325	320	0	3,040	2,935	100
48. Precision production	155	155	0	2,035	1,995	50
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	170	120	50	845	570	275
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	45	10	40	630	430	195
03. Natural resources and conservation	125	110	10	215	140	80
Health and related fields	595	105	490	8,735	1,275	7,460
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	35	25	10	690	325	370
51. Health professions and related programs	560	80	485	7,960	885	7,075
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	0	0	0	80	70	15
Personal, protective and transportation services	280	130	145	3,695	1,855	1,840
12. Personal and culinary services	180	40	150	1,885	380	1,505
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	15	10	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	0	0	10	10	0
43. Security and protective services	20	20	0	1,100	805	295
49. Transportation and materials moving	70	70	0	695	655	40
Other	0	0	0	10	0	10
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	10	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	5,350	2,655	2,695	54,280	26,585	27,700
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	2,965	1,460	1,500	19,390	9,355	10,035
Education	175	40	135	1,685	415	1,270
13. Education	175	40	135	1,685	420	1,265
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	75	35	40	675	235	445
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	10	10	10	140	75	60
50. Visual and performing arts	65	25	40	540	155	380
Humanities	95	35	60	1,315	520	800
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	10	0	15	65	10	60
23. English language and literature/letters	25	0	25	290	65	230
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	30	10	20	435	150	280
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	65	30	30
39. Theology and religious vocations	15	15	0	160	115	45
54. History	10	10	10	235	145	95
55. French language and literature/letters	0	0	0	60	0	60
Social and behavioural sciences and law	180	60	120	3,335	760	2,575
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	25	0	15
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	15	10	10	260	95	170
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	45	10	45	1,230	75	1,150
22. Legal professions and studies	50	10	35	440	125	310
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	0	10	0	50	10	45
42. Psychology	15	10	10	460	65	390
45. Social sciences	50	25	20	875	395	485
Business, management and public administration	370	90	280	5,370	1,490	3,880
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	10	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	45	15	30	830	125	700
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	325	70	250	4,530	1,360	3,165
Physical and life sciences and technologies	20	10	15	990	515	480
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	10	0	0	295	105	190
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	10	150	75	80
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	15	10	10
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	265	140	120
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	10	270	185	85
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	35	30	15	975	625	350
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	35	20	15	770	525	245
25. Library science	0	0	0	80	20	55
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	110	80	35
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	15	0	10
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	665	640	20	10,745	9,885	855
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	160	120	40
14. Engineering	75	70	10	1,335	1,025	305
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	50	50	0	2,915	2,565	345
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	185	175	15	2,720	2,680	45
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	245	240	10	2,165	2,085	80
48. Precision production	105	105	0	1,450	1,405	45
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	120	75	40	680	445	230
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	40	10	30	500	335	160
03. Natural resources and conservation	80	70	10	180	110	70
Health and related fields	430	85	345	6,355	940	5,420
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	30	30	0	550	240	310
51. Health professions and related programs	400	60	345	5,745	650	5,095
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	0	0	0	65	45	15
Personal, protective and transportation services	215	105	110	2,760	1,400	1,365
12. Personal and culinary services	145	30	115	1,385	305	1,085
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	10	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	10	10	0
43. Security and protective services	20	15	0	895	650	250
49. Transportation and materials moving	55	55	0	460	435	30
Other	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	10
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	8,295	4,120	4,175	87,445	42,565	44,885
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	5,050	2,490	2,560	39,420	18,260	21,165
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	3,245	1,630	1,615	48,025	24,305	23,720
Location of study inside Canada	3,005	1,530	1,480	43,650	22,075	21,575
Same as province or territory of residence	2,500	1,250	1,250	41,430	20,905	20,525
Different than province or territory of residence	505	280	225	2,215	1,170	1,050
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	240	105	135	4,375	2,230	2,150
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	70	35	35	1,695	705	985
Philippines	20	10	10	155	50	105
India	10	0	10	370	190	175
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	50	10	35	780	520	260
China^{Census data footnote 162}	0	0	0	50	20	30
France	0	0	0	20	15	0
Other	90	40	50	1,305	720	585
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	5,350	2,655	2,695	54,280	26,585	27,700
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,965	1,460	1,500	19,390	9,360	10,030
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	2,385	1,195	1,195	34,895	17,225	17,670
Location of study inside Canada	2,215	1,130	1,085	32,435	16,170	16,265
Same as province or territory of residence	1,870	955	915	30,960	15,405	15,555
Different than province or territory of residence	340	175	165	1,475	765	710
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	175	65	105	2,455	1,055	1,405
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	50	15	25	1,165	435	730
Philippines	20	10	15	85	30	55
India	10	0	10	215	95	120
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	30	10	20	205	100	95
China^{Census data footnote 162}	0	0	0	40	15	25
France	0	0	0	15	10	0
Other	65	25	40	740	365	375
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	8,295	4,120	4,175	87,445	42,560	44,890
In the labour force	5,425	2,980	2,455	51,460	27,025	24,435
Employed	5,020	2,695	2,320	47,025	24,565	22,455
Unemployed	410	285	130	4,440	2,455	1,980
Not in the labour force	2,865	1,140	1,725	35,985	15,535	20,450
Participation rate	65.4	72.3	58.8	58.8	63.5	54.4
Employment rate	60.5	65.4	55.6	53.8	57.7	50.0
Unemployment rate	7.6	9.6	5.3	8.6	9.1	8.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	8,295	4,120	4,175	87,445	42,560	44,885
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	2,620	1,050	1,575	33,710	14,400	19,315
Worked	5,675	3,070	2,600	53,735	28,165	25,570
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	2,715	1,620	1,100	26,545	15,340	11,205
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	2,960	1,455	1,505	27,185	12,820	14,365
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.0	42.4	41.5	42.5	42.6	42.3
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	5,430	2,980	2,450	51,460	27,025	24,435
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	105	55	50	1,305	625	685
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	5,320	2,920	2,405	50,155	26,405	23,750
Employee	4,855	2,655	2,200	45,485	23,655	21,835
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	465	265	200	4,670	2,750	1,915
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	5,430	2,980	2,455	51,460	27,025	24,435
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	105	60	45	1,305	620	685
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	5,325	2,920	2,405	50,155	26,405	23,750
0 Management occupations	475	255	220	4,555	2,800	1,765
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	575	120	460	6,115	1,500	4,615
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	225	175	50	3,585	2,870	710
3 Health occupations	295	25	265	3,930	545	3,385
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	475	130	340	4,990	1,495	3,495
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	55	25	25	935	350	580
6 Sales and service occupations	1,310	415	895	12,805	4,935	7,865
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,160	1,120	35	9,140	8,560	580
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	360	310	50	1,120	850	270
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	405	340	60	2,975	2,495	480
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	5,430	2,980	2,450	51,460	27,025	24,430
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	110	55	50	1,305	620	685
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	5,325	2,920	2,405	50,155	26,405	23,750
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	350	285	65	1,330	880	450
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	345	320	25	680	570	110
22 Utilities	25	10	10	545	425	120
23 Construction	350	310	40	4,485	4,050	435
31-33 Manufacturing	595	520	75	5,895	4,595	1,300
41 Wholesale trade	145	125	20	1,825	1,425	405
44-45 Retail trade	735	310	430	5,960	2,535	3,425
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	260	210	45	2,060	1,505	555
51 Information and cultural industries	45	25	25	485	190	295
52 Finance and insurance	130	40	90	1,075	355	725
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	90	50	45	665	385	285
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	225	95	130	2,600	1,505	1,095
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	35	10	25
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	200	85	110	2,740	1,620	1,125
61 Educational services	285	115	165	3,200	940	2,265
62 Health care and social assistance	585	75	515	6,625	875	5,745
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	60	10	50	1,220	570	645
72 Accommodation and food services	465	145	320	4,130	1,465	2,670
81 Other services (except public administration)	205	100	105	2,615	1,390	1,225
91 Public administration	230	95	135	1,985	1,130	850
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	5,020	2,695	2,325	47,025	24,570	22,455
Worked at home	170	75	100	2,755	1,340	1,415
Worked outside Canada	15	10	0	345	190	160
No fixed workplace address	650	505	145	4,790	3,610	1,175
Worked at usual place	4,180	2,100	2,080	39,135	19,435	19,705
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	4,180	2,100	2,075	39,135	19,435	19,700
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	3,185	1,480	1,705	23,495	11,095	12,405
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	905	565	345	13,120	6,925	6,190
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	75	50	25	2,375	1,320	1,060
Commute to a different province or territory	10	0	0	140	100	45
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	4,830	2,605	2,220	43,920	23,045	20,880
Car, truck, van - as a driver	3,770	2,020	1,745	37,425	19,825	17,605
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	345	185	165	2,680	1,285	1,390
Public transit	260	180	80	1,110	465	645
Walked	310	120	190	1,820	880	940
Bicycle	80	60	25	510	390	120
Other method	60	40	20	380	200	180
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	4,830	2,605	2,220	43,920	23,045	20,875
Less than 15 minutes	3,380	1,615	1,770	20,940	9,810	11,130
15 to 29 minutes	765	435	330	16,615	9,430	7,185
30 to 44 minutes	145	85	65	4,375	2,560	1,810
45 to 59 minutes	185	175	0	815	465	355
60 minutes and over	355	305	55	1,175	780	400
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	4,830	2,610	2,220	43,920	23,045	20,880
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	490	420	70	2,865	2,055	810
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	660	440	225	8,890	6,060	2,835
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,205	660	545	11,980	6,705	5,275
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,085	415	665	8,320	2,860	5,465
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	510	125	390	4,260	1,415	2,840
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	885	545	340	7,605	3,945	3,655
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	5,900	3,150	2,755	55,315	28,920	26,390
Single responses	5,875	3,140	2,730	55,160	28,855	26,305
Official languages	5,865	3,140	2,730	55,115	28,840	26,280
English	5,865	3,140	2,730	54,835	28,760	26,075
French	0	10	0	280	80	205
Non-official languages	10	0	0	45	20	30
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	10	0	0	45	20	30
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	10	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	10	10	10
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	10	10	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Cantonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	10	0	10
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	30	10	20	145	65	85
English and French	15	0	10	105	50	60
English and non-official language	15	10	10	40	15	25
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	5,900	3,150	2,750	55,315	28,925	26,390
None	5,855	3,140	2,715	54,220	28,520	25,705
English	0	0	0	160	30	130
French	10	0	10	610	270	335
Non-official language	40	10	25	275	85	190
Aboriginal	25	0	20	35	0	30
Non-Aboriginal	10	0	0	240	85	155
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	40	15	25
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	9,995	5,030	4,965	102,655	50,195	52,460
Non-movers	8,240	4,210	4,030	90,775	44,510	46,265
Movers	1,755	815	940	11,880	5,685	6,195
Non-migrants	1,140	560	585	7,360	3,495	3,865
Migrants	610	260	355	4,520	2,190	2,335
Internal migrants	545	235	310	4,105	1,975	2,130
Intraprovincial migrants	470	195	275	3,660	1,765	1,895
Interprovincial migrants	70	40	30	445	210	230
External migrants	65	20	45	415	215	200
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	9,540	4,725	4,815	98,605	48,120	50,485
Non-movers	5,410	2,695	2,715	65,030	31,875	33,155
Movers	4,130	2,035	2,100	33,580	16,245	17,335
Non-migrants	2,475	1,250	1,225	19,890	9,555	10,335
Migrants	1,655	780	875	13,685	6,685	6,995
Internal migrants	1,465	705	760	12,375	5,995	6,385
Intraprovincial migrants	1,165	550	610	11,075	5,325	5,745
Interprovincial migrants	300	155	145	1,300	665	640
External migrants	190	80	120	1,310	695	615

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Williams Lake [Population centre], British Columbia and Sarnia--Lambton [Federal electoral district], Ontario (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 9, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Williams Lake [Population centre], British Columbia and Sarnia--Lambton [Federal electoral district], Ontario

Census Profile, 2016 Census Williams Lake [Population centre], British Columbia and Sarnia--Lambton [Federal electoral district], Ontario

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Williams Lake [Population centre], British Columbia and Sarnia--Lambton [Federal electoral district], Ontario