Census Profile, 2016 Census
Williams Lake [Population centre], British Columbia and Kawartha Lakes, City [Census subdivision], Ontario

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Williams Lake British Columbia [Population centre]			Kawartha Lakes, CY Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Data quality , Williams Lake [Population centre], British Columbia Map : Williams Lake [Population centre], British Columbia Change geography 1			Data quality : Kawartha Lakes, City [Census subdivision], Ontario Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	10,508	...	...	75,423	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	10,902 ^r	...	...	73,219^r	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	-3.6	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	4,927	...	...	38,444	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	4,423	...	...	31,106	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	494.2	...	...	24.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	21.26	...	...	3,084.38	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	10,515	5,250	5,260	75,425	37,285	38,135
0 to 14 years	1,765	935	835	9,900	5,065	4,835
0 to 4 years	575	320	260	3,095	1,590	1,510
5 to 9 years	595	305	290	3,350	1,735	1,615
10 to 14 years	590	310	285	3,455	1,740	1,715
15 to 64 years	6,765	3,400	3,365	46,460	23,160	23,300
15 to 19 years	600	315	285	3,945	2,045	1,905
20 to 24 years	680	355	325	3,930	2,060	1,870
25 to 29 years	705	355	350	3,430	1,810	1,625
30 to 34 years	730	370	355	3,655	1,835	1,820
35 to 39 years	620	310	310	3,460	1,690	1,770
40 to 44 years	600	285	320	3,665	1,820	1,845
45 to 49 years	670	340	335	4,490	2,180	2,305
50 to 54 years	655	310	345	6,205	3,060	3,145
55 to 59 years	775	405	370	6,870	3,425	3,445
60 to 64 years	720	355	365	6,805	3,235	3,570
65 years and over	1,980	910	1,065	19,065	9,055	10,005
65 to 69 years	640	330	310	6,380	3,185	3,190
70 to 74 years	430	230	200	4,750	2,375	2,375
75 to 79 years	300	120	175	3,160	1,515	1,640
80 to 84 years	275	95	180	2,370	1,090	1,280
85 years and over	340	135	205	2,410	895	1,515
85 to 89 years	150	85	60	1,500	615	885
90 to 94 years	180	45	135	695	215	475
95 to 99 years	10	0	10	190	60	135
100 years and over	5	0	0	30	5	25
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.8	17.8	15.9	13.1	13.6	12.7
15 to 64 years	64.3	64.8	64.0	61.6	62.1	61.1
65 years and over	18.8	17.3	20.2	25.3	24.3	26.2
85 years and over	3.2	2.6	3.9	3.2	2.4	4.0
Average age of the population	41.6	40.4	42.8	46.7	45.8	47.6
Median age of the population	41.1	39.6	42.7	51.2	50.3	51.9
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	4,425	...	...	31,105	...	...
Single-detached house	2,180	...	...	25,990	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	685	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	1,755	...	...	4,190	...	...
Semi-detached house	240	...	...	535	...	...
Row house	320	...	...	640	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	475	...	...	855	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	705	...	...	2,080	...	...
Other single-attached house	15	...	...	90	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	490	...	...	245	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	4,425	...	...	31,105	...	...
1 person	1,395	...	...	7,685	...	...
2 persons	1,590	...	...	13,330	...	...
3 persons	640	...	...	4,420	...	...
4 persons	505	...	...	3,630	...	...
5 or more persons	285	...	...	2,045	...	...
Number of persons in private households	10,085	...	...	73,375	...	...
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	8,745	4,315	4,430	65,525	32,220	33,300
Married or living common law	4,755	2,415	2,345	41,180	20,665	20,515
Married	3,525	1,800	1,725	34,340	17,250	17,090
Living common law	1,230	615	620	6,845	3,420	3,425
Not married and not living common law	3,990	1,905	2,085	24,345	11,550	12,790
Never married	2,450	1,365	1,080	13,465	7,560	5,910
Separated	345	155	185	2,080	1,035	1,040
Divorced	595	285	315	3,940	1,825	2,110
Widowed	600	100	505	4,855	1,125	3,730
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	2,860	...	...	23,235	...	...
2 persons	1,635	...	...	14,200	...	...
3 persons	570	...	...	4,295	...	...
4 persons	460	...	...	3,355	...	...
5 or more persons	195	...	...	1,390	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	2,865	...	...	23,235	...	...
Total couple families	2,265	...	...	20,130	...	...
Married couples	1,650	...	...	16,715	...	...
Common-law couples	615	...	...	3,415	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	595	...	...	3,105	...	...
Female parent	465	...	...	2,360	...	...
Male parent	130	...	...	750	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	2,265	...	...	20,130	...	...
Couples without children	1,280	...	...	12,180	...	...
Couples with children	985	...	...	7,945	...	...
1 child	405	...	...	3,485	...	...
2 children	405	...	...	3,130	...	...
3 or more children	175	...	...	1,330	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	595	...	...	3,105	...	...
1 child	360	...	...	2,015	...	...
2 children	165	...	...	810	...	...
3 or more children	75	...	...	285	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	2,230	1,185	1,045	11,205	5,240	5,970
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	4,425	...	...	31,110	...	...
One-census-family households	2,715	...	...	21,930	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	1,230	...	...	11,620	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	1,485	...	...	10,305	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	75	...	...	640	...	...
Non-census-family households	1,635	...	...	8,535	...	...
One-person households	1,395	...	...	7,680	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	235	...	...	855	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	10,130	5,080	5,050	74,240	36,595	37,645
English only	9,640	4,875	4,760	70,770	35,155	35,615
French only	30	5	25	10	5	5
English and French	400	180	220	3,330	1,380	1,945
Neither English nor French	55	20	40	130	60	75
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	10,130	5,085	5,045	74,240	36,595	37,645
English	9,925	4,995	4,930	73,365	36,190	37,175
French	140	65	75	710	340	370
English and French	10	5	5	40	15	25
Neither English nor French	55	20	35	120	50	70
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	145	65	80	730	350	385
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.4	1.3	1.6	1.0	1.0	1.0
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	10,130	5,080	5,050	74,240	36,595	37,640
Single responses	9,975	5,005	4,970	73,875	36,430	37,450
Official languages	9,050	4,575	4,475	70,580	34,830	35,750
English	8,885	4,505	4,380	69,755	34,455	35,305
French	160	75	90	820	375	445
Non-official languages	925	425	495	3,300	1,600	1,700
Aboriginal languages	130	45	85	5	5	5
Algonquian languages	5	0	5	5	0	5
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	5	0	5
Oji-Cree	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	95	30	65	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	95	30	65	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	5	5	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	90	30	60	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	25	15	10	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	25	15	10	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	5	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	795	380	410	3,290	1,600	1,690
Afro-Asiatic languages	5	0	5	85	40	40
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	5	5	5	80	40	45
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	5	0	5	45	20	25
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	10	5	10
Maltese	0	0	0	20	15	10
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	30	20	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	30	20	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	65	25	40	60	10	45
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0	0	5
Fijian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	5	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	5	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	55	20	40	50	15	40
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	0	0	5	0	5
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	10	5	5	30	15	15
Kannada	0	0	0	5	5	0
Malayalam	5	5	0	5	5	5
Tamil	0	0	0	20	10	10
Telugu	5	0	0	5	0	5
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	610	305	305	2,670	1,320	1,345
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Balto-Slavic languages	60	40	25	530	245	290
Baltic languages	0	0	0	20	10	15
Latvian	0	0	0	15	5	10
Lithuanian	0	0	0	10	0	5
Slavic languages	65	35	25	505	235	270
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	5	5	5	5	0
Croatian	15	5	5	35	15	20
Czech	5	0	5	40	15	20
Macedonian	0	0	0	30	15	15
Polish	5	5	0	200	95	100
Russian	10	5	5	80	35	40
Serbian	0	0	0	15	10	5
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	5	0	0	15	5	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Ukrainian	15	10	10	80	30	45
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	5	5	5
Celtic languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	5	5	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Germanic languages	200	95	105	1,435	710	725
Afrikaans	15	10	5	5	5	5
Danish	10	5	0	30	15	15
Dutch	25	15	10	440	220	220
Frisian	0	0	0	10	5	5
German	135	55	80	895	440	455
Icelandic	0	0	0	5	0	0
Norwegian	10	5	5	10	0	5
Swedish	5	0	0	20	10	15
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0	15	5	5
Yiddish	0	0	0	5	0	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	85	50	30
Indo-Iranian languages	270	140	130	145	75	70
Indo-Aryan languages	270	140	135	115	55	55
Bengali	5	5	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	40	25	15
Hindi	10	5	5	15	10	5
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	5	0	5	5	0	5
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	250	120	125	30	15	15
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	5	5	0	0
Urdu	5	5	0	25	10	15
Iranian languages	5	0	0	25	15	10
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	30	15	10
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Italic (Romance) languages	75	30	45	455	235	220
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	15	10	5	195	125	70
Portuguese	20	10	10	130	60	70
Romanian	0	0	0	30	10	20
Spanish	45	15	25	100	35	60
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	5	0	0	5	0	5
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	30	10	20	75	30	45
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	0	5	5	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	5
Swahili	0	0	0	5	0	5
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	5	0	10	5	0
American Sign Language	5	0	0	0	5	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	5	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	55	20	35	140	65	75
Chinese languages	55	20	30	140	60	75
Cantonese	30	10	15	55	30	25
Hakka	0	0	0	5	0	0
Mandarin	20	5	15	55	20	30
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	5	20	10	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	5	0	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	5	5	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	5	5	185	80	100
Estonian	5	0	0	15	5	15
Finnish	5	5	0	55	25	30
Hungarian	0	0	5	110	50	55
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	155	75	80	360	165	195
English and French	20	10	10	125	55	70
English and non-official language	130	65	70	220	100	115
French and non-official language	0	0	0	10	5	5
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	15	5	5
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	10,130	5,080	5,050	74,240	36,595	37,645
Single responses	9,920	4,985	4,940	73,700	36,355	37,345
Official languages	9,555	4,805	4,750	72,755	35,890	36,865
English	9,515	4,795	4,720	72,585	35,800	36,780
French	45	10	35	170	85	85
Non-official languages	370	180	185	945	465	480
Aboriginal languages	20	10	10	5	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	15	5	10	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	15	5	10	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	345	175	175	945	465	475
Afro-Asiatic languages	5	0	5	30	10	15
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	25	10	20
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	5	5	0	20	5	15
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	5	5	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	20	10	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	20	15	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	20	10	10	10	5	5
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	25	15	10	5	5	5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	20	10	10
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	10	5	5
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	5
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	265	130	135	665	330	335
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	5
Balto-Slavic languages	15	10	5	135	70	65
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	5	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	15	10	5	135	70	70
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	5	5	5	5
Czech	5	0	0	15	10	5
Macedonian	5	0	0	5	0	5
Polish	5	0	0	55	30	25
Russian	0	0	5	40	20	20
Serbian	0	0	0	5	0	5
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	5	0	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	5	0	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	30	15	15	350	180	170
Afrikaans	15	10	5	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	25	15	10
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	15	5	15	320	165	155
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	5	0	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	15	10	10
Indo-Iranian languages	205	95	105	80	40	40
Indo-Aryan languages	205	100	105	60	25	35
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	30	15	15
Hindi	5	5	0	0	0	5
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	5
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	200	95	105	15	10	5
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	5	5	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	20	10	10
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	5	0	80	35	50
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	5	5	0	25	5	15
Portuguese	0	0	0	25	5	15
Romanian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Spanish	5	0	5	20	10	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	5	5	0	5	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	20	10	10	60	25	35
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	5	0	20	15	10
American Sign Language	0	0	0	5	0	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	5	5	5	20	15	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	10	15	95	45	45
Chinese languages	25	10	15	90	45	45
Cantonese	15	5	5	35	20	20
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	5	0	5	50	25	25
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	5	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	5	5	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	5	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	25	10	15
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	10	5	5
Hungarian	0	0	0	15	10	5
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	205	95	110	545	240	295
English and French	15	10	5	55	25	30
English and non-official language	195	85	105	475	215	260
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	5	0	0	10	5	10
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	10,125	5,085	5,045	74,240	36,595	37,645
None	9,575	4,820	4,750	72,320	35,710	36,605
English	130	60	70	465	230	235
French	60	30	30	465	190	280
Non-official language	360	170	195	960	450	505
Aboriginal	115	50	65	10	5	5
Non-Aboriginal	245	120	130	945	450	500
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	5	5	0
French and non-official language	5	0	0	20	10	15
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	8,315	4,130	4,185	63,510	31,175	32,335
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	8,070	4,020	4,055	61,365	30,190	31,180
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,402	46,482	25,762	32,302	39,649	26,592
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	8,080	4,025	4,060	61,410	30,195	31,215
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,246	40,390	24,320	29,448	35,570	24,685
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	7,125	3,655	3,470	54,635	27,385	27,255
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,138	46,700	22,800	28,820	36,382	22,203
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	5,725	2,510	3,215	46,675	21,695	24,980
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,155	7,542	6,919	8,574	8,612	8,551
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	6,120	3,205	2,915	41,960	22,155	19,800
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,236	49,865	23,808	28,318	32,283	25,157
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	8,295	4,120	4,175	63,505	31,175	32,335
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	8,040	4,010	4,030	61,420	30,210	31,210
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,195	53,466	30,981	41,487	49,132	34,088
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	8,040	4,010	4,030	61,475	30,220	31,250
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,093	44,517	27,721	34,998	40,720	29,466
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	7,155	3,695	3,465	54,590	27,440	27,155
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,635	52,214	28,284	38,859	46,893	30,740
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	5,675	2,430	3,250	46,535	21,730	24,805
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,534	8,873	8,282	9,175	9,097	9,243
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	6,125	3,260	2,865	41,960	22,135	19,825
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,938	53,413	28,885	37,242	42,167	31,744
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	8,295	4,120	4,175	63,505	31,175	32,335
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	2,680	1,605	1,070	18,830	10,630	8,195
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	54,096	64,626	40,173	48,763	54,444	42,793
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	58,366	67,880	44,125	56,177	61,988	48,643
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	85.5	89.5	79.0	83.2	86.6	78.6
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	75.0	79.8	66.9	61.6	63.5	59.0
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	14.4	10.5	20.9	16.8	13.4	21.4
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	8,315	4,130	4,185	63,510	31,175	32,335
Without total income	240	110	135	2,135	985	1,155
With total income	8,070	4,020	4,050	61,370	30,190	31,180
Percentage with total income	97.1	97.3	96.8	96.6	96.8	96.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,095	415	675	8,120	3,410	4,710
$10,000 to $19,999	1,395	510	885	11,505	4,490	7,010
$20,000 to $29,999	1,225	470	755	9,250	3,755	5,500
$30,000 to $39,999	975	390	585	7,780	3,580	4,200
$40,000 to $49,999	720	320	405	6,840	3,655	3,185
$50,000 to $59,999	590	335	250	4,940	2,825	2,115
$60,000 to $69,999	570	400	170	3,505	2,170	1,335
$70,000 to $79,999	425	300	120	2,495	1,605	890
$80,000 to $89,999	330	240	90	1,905	1,255	650
$90,000 to $99,999	235	195	40	1,515	940	580
$100,000 and over	515	440	80	3,500	2,495	1,005
$100,000 to $149,999	435	380	65	2,550	1,780	770
$150,000 and over	80	65	15	950	715	235
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	8,315	4,135	4,185	63,510	31,175	32,330
Without after-tax income	240	110	130	2,095	985	1,115
With after-tax income	8,080	4,025	4,055	61,410	30,195	31,220
Percentage with after-tax income	97.2	97.3	96.9	96.7	96.9	96.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,130	440	690	8,525	3,480	5,050
$10,000 to $19,999	1,475	565	910	11,980	4,690	7,295
$20,000 to $29,999	1,410	535	870	10,740	4,470	6,265
$30,000 to $39,999	1,110	460	645	9,425	4,675	4,750
$40,000 to $49,999	810	415	395	7,110	3,950	3,155
$50,000 to $59,999	750	525	230	4,775	2,930	1,845
$60,000 to $69,999	530	375	150	3,130	2,105	1,030
$70,000 to $79,999	375	295	80	2,255	1,430	820
$80,000 and over	500	415	85	3,475	2,460	1,010
$80,000 to $89,999	225	185	40	1,235	810	425
$90,000 to $99,999	125	105	20	750	540	210
$100,000 and over	150	125	25	1,485	1,105	375
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	8,315	4,135	4,185	63,510	31,175	32,335
Without employment income	2,195	925	1,270	21,545	9,015	12,535
With employment income	6,120	3,205	2,915	41,960	22,160	19,800
Percentage with employment income	73.6	77.5	69.7	66.1	71.1	61.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	905	375	530	8,170	4,615	3,550
$5,000 to $9,999	470	185	285	3,515	1,610	1,910
$10,000 to $19,999	740	275	465	5,480	2,370	3,115
$20,000 to $29,999	675	260	410	4,550	2,030	2,525
$30,000 to $39,999	665	275	385	4,580	1,995	2,590
$40,000 to $49,999	505	225	275	3,830	1,915	1,915
$50,000 to $59,999	440	255	180	2,840	1,650	1,190
$60,000 to $69,999	450	325	130	2,120	1,310	810
$70,000 to $79,999	350	255	95	1,675	1,105	575
$80,000 and over	925	770	150	5,195	3,575	1,625
$80,000 to $89,999	290	220	65	1,380	925	460
$90,000 to $99,999	210	170	35	1,275	760	520
$100,000 and over	425	375	50	2,540	1,890	645
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	4,420	...	...	31,110	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	67,440	...	...	67,187	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	58,458	...	...	59,733	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	1,400	...	...	7,680	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	35,968	...	...	32,175	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	32,112	...	...	29,501	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	3,025	...	...	23,425	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	84,173	...	...	80,545	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	72,945	...	...	71,003	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	4,440	...	...	31,105	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	76,414	...	...	81,923	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	65,400	...	...	69,163	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,450	...	...	7,690	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	46,097	...	...	41,224	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	39,388	...	...	35,056	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	2,990	...	...	23,415	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	91,067	...	...	95,293	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	77,973	...	...	80,368	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	4,420	...	...	31,105	...	...
Under $5,000	45	...	...	345	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	60	...	...	365	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	135	...	...	845	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	185	...	...	1,055	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	225	...	...	1,445	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	205	...	...	1,190	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	200	...	...	1,480	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	195	...	...	1,500	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	205	...	...	1,490	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	190	...	...	1,410	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	320	...	...	2,660	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	340	...	...	2,465	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	300	...	...	2,320	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	300	...	...	2,045	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	270	...	...	1,745	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,240	...	...	8,750	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	535	...	...	3,260	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	315	...	...	2,050	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	270	...	...	2,110	...	...
$200,000 and over	125	...	...	1,335	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	4,425	...	...	31,105	...	...
Under $5,000	50	...	...	375	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	65	...	...	385	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	135	...	...	855	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	185	...	...	1,105	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	270	...	...	1,545	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	240	...	...	1,375	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	235	...	...	1,665	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	220	...	...	1,815	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	245	...	...	1,740	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	195	...	...	1,620	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	435	...	...	3,155	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	390	...	...	2,920	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	390	...	...	2,550	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	320	...	...	2,125	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	270	...	...	1,665	...	...
$100,000 and over	785	...	...	6,205	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	410	...	...	2,895	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	205	...	...	1,580	...	...
$150,000 and over	170	...	...	1,730	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	2,860	...	...	22,820	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	82,227	...	...	80,290	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	71,595	...	...	70,801	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	1,200	...	...	11,345	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	80,768	...	...	71,554	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	69,939	...	...	63,792	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	1,000	...	...	8,090	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	105,216	...	...	107,793	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	90,185	...	...	92,873	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	565	...	...	2,775	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	47,232	...	...	49,591	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	43,520	...	...	46,513	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	2,825	...	...	22,815	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	89,317	...	...	95,101	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	76,456	...	...	80,109	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	1,170	...	...	11,375	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	87,740	...	...	86,798	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	74,504	...	...	72,280	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	1,015	...	...	8,085	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	109,461	...	...	118,736	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	93,257	...	...	100,034	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	545	...	...	2,765	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	54,779	...	...	58,107	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	48,830	...	...	51,991	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	1,955	1,065	890	9,795	4,655	5,140
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	33,365	40,704	28,160	29,548	32,425	27,706
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	30,251	35,669	25,984	27,371	29,280	25,902
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	1,985	1,055	925	9,805	4,780	5,020
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	43,883	52,508	34,035	38,601	40,766	36,537
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	37,540	43,755	30,443	33,006	34,162	31,905
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	10,080	5,065	5,015	73,375	36,225	37,155
In the bottom half of the distribution	5,435	2,580	2,855	37,650	18,065	19,585
In the bottom decile	1,180	545	640	6,270	3,125	3,150
In the second decile	1,160	535	630	7,450	3,325	4,125
In the third decile	1,040	480	560	8,020	3,825	4,195
In the fourth decile	1,020	495	525	7,805	3,790	4,015
In the fifth decile	1,035	530	500	8,105	4,000	4,100
In the top half of the distribution	4,645	2,485	2,165	35,725	18,160	17,570
In the sixth decile	995	500	495	8,065	4,080	3,985
In the seventh decile	1,130	605	525	7,975	4,005	3,970
In the eighth decile	1,010	545	470	7,635	3,885	3,750
In the ninth decile	950	525	425	6,930	3,540	3,385
In the top decile	565	310	255	5,115	2,640	2,475
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	10,085	5,065	5,015	73,375	36,220	37,150
0 to 17 years	2,110	1,115	995	12,130	6,240	5,890
0 to 5 years	705	390	315	3,770	1,930	1,840
18 to 64 years	6,340	3,180	3,160	43,320	21,295	22,020
65 years and over	1,635	775	860	17,925	8,685	9,240
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,650	735	910	9,630	4,555	5,080
0 to 17 years	475	240	235	2,000	1,045	960
0 to 5 years	185	105	80	650	335	315
18 to 64 years	935	405	530	5,710	2,740	2,970
65 years and over	240	90	150	1,910	760	1,150
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	16.4	14.5	18.1	13.1	12.6	13.7
0 to 17 years (%)	22.5	21.5	23.6	16.5	16.7	16.3
0 to 5 years (%)	26.2	26.9	25.4	17.2	17.4	17.1
18 to 64 years (%)	14.7	12.7	16.8	13.2	12.9	13.5
65 years and over (%)	14.7	11.6	17.4	10.7	8.8	12.4
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	735	330	400	3,480	1,810	1,670
0 to 17 years	195	95	105	595	315	280
0 to 5 years	65	35	30	200	105	95
18 to 64 years	515	230	285	2,650	1,375	1,275
65 years and over	20	10	15	230	115	115
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	7.3	6.5	8.0	4.7	5.0	4.5
0 to 17 years (%)	9.2	8.5	10.6	4.9	5.0	4.8
0 to 5 years (%)	9.2	9.0	9.5	5.3	5.4	5.2
18 to 64 years (%)	8.1	7.2	9.0	6.1	6.5	5.8
65 years and over (%)	1.2	1.3	1.7	1.3	1.3	1.2
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	10,100	5,065	5,035	73,375	36,220	37,155
Official languages	10,060	5,065	4,995	73,250	36,165	37,080
English	10,060	5,065	4,995	73,240	36,170	37,070
French	305	140	170	3,305	1,365	1,935
Non-official languages	1,225	555	670	4,175	1,930	2,250
Aboriginal languages	265	120	145	15	10	10
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	15	10	10
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	220	80	135	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	215	80	135	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	15	0	15	0	0	0
Chilcotin	205	75	130	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	45	30	10	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	45	30	10	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	960	435	525	4,160	1,920	2,240
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	0	0	150	70	75
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	150	70	75
Amharic	0	10	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	10	90	45	40
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	25	10	20
Maltese	0	0	0	30	20	10
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	90	55	40
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	90	50	40
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	75	25	55	90	10	75
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	10
Fijian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	10	0	10
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	10	10	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	70	20	50	80	10	70
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	55	25	30
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	55	25	30
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	735	365	370	3,150	1,490	1,665
Albanian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	35	15	15
Balto-Slavic languages	95	65	30	545	240	310
Baltic languages	0	0	0	15	10	0
Latvian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Slavic languages	95	60	30	530	230	295
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Croatian	25	15	10	35	15	20
Czech	0	0	0	45	15	30
Macedonian	0	0	0	25	10	10
Polish	25	20	10	220	110	110
Russian	20	10	10	90	40	50
Serbian	0	0	0	15	0	15
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	20	10	20
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	20	15	10
Ukrainian	25	20	0	70	30	45
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	10	0	10	10	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	10	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Germanic languages	215	85	135	1,670	810	860
Afrikaans	0	0	0	30	10	15
Danish	25	15	10	35	20	15
Dutch	50	20	30	450	205	245
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	10
German	150	60	95	1,150	565	585
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	35	15	25
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	10	100	65	40
Indo-Iranian languages	275	145	130	145	75	75
Indo-Aryan languages	275	145	130	100	45	60
Bengali	0	10	0	0	10	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	25	10	15
Hindi	55	35	20	60	30	35
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	10	0	10	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	245	125	120	30	20	10
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	25	20	0	25	10	20
Iranian languages	0	0	0	45	30	15
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	40	30	15
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	145	70	75	710	320	380
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	45	25	20	230	145	90
Portuguese	40	15	20	185	80	110
Romanian	0	0	0	25	15	0
Spanish	75	30	40	300	100	195
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	25	10	20
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	75	25	55	65	30	35
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	0	0	15	10	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	10	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	10	0	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	25	0	20	115	30	85
American Sign Language	10	0	0	45	10	35
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	0	20	70	25	45
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	10	10	225	105	120
Chinese languages	15	10	10	225	110	120
Cantonese	15	10	10	105	60	50
Hakka	0	0	0	15	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	120	45	75
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	15	0	10	250	110	140
Estonian	0	0	0	25	10	10
Finnish	0	0	0	60	25	35
Hungarian	10	0	0	170	70	95
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	10,100	5,070	5,030	73,375	36,225	37,155
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	9,750	4,945	4,805	72,275	35,690	36,585
Canadian citizens aged under 18	2,110	1,105	1,005	12,120	6,230	5,895
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	7,635	3,840	3,795	60,150	29,465	30,690
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	350	120	230	1,105	535	565
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	10,100	5,065	5,030	73,375	36,225	37,155
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	9,125	4,635	4,490	67,500	33,495	34,005
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	895	400	490	5,785	2,675	3,105
Before 1981	450	245	205	4,210	1,955	2,260
1981 to 1990	95	20	80	545	245	295
1991 to 2000	90	35	55	345	175	175
2001 to 2010	80	30	40	485	200	290
2001 to 2005	50	20	30	285	140	150
2006 to 2010	30	15	15	200	65	140
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	175	60	115	195	105	90
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	75	35	45	95	55	40
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	895	395	495	5,780	2,675	3,110
Under 5 years	85	50	35	740	365	380
5 to 14 years	195	100	95	1,505	695	810
15 to 24 years	290	110	175	1,545	680	860
25 to 44 years	260	110	150	1,810	855	955
45 years and over	70	30	40	180	80	105
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	890	395	495	5,780	2,675	3,105
Americas	150	65	85	600	250	345
Brazil	0	10	0	15	10	10
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0
El Salvador	10	0	0	0	0	0
Guyana	0	10	0	60	40	25
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	50	25	20
Mexico	0	0	0	10	10	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	20	10	10
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	125	55	75	340	130	210
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	10	105	40	70
Europe	365	180	180	4,315	2,070	2,245
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	0	0	0	0	0
Croatia	15	15	0	35	20	20
France	0	0	0	40	10	30
Germany	65	35	35	535	265	270
Greece	0	0	0	40	20	15
Hungary	0	0	10	90	35	50
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	15	10	10	80	40	40
Italy	10	10	0	140	105	35
Netherlands	35	15	20	375	190	185
Poland	15	10	10	135	70	65
Portugal	30	10	15	105	50	60
Romania	0	0	0	20	20	10
Russian Federation	10	10	10	20	10	15
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	0	0	0	15	10	15
Ukraine	10	0	10	25	10	15
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	115	60	55	2,225	1,015	1,215
Other places of birth in Europe	30	15	20	420	210	210
Africa	15	0	10	115	45	70
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	10	0	10
Nigeria	10	0	10	20	10	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	0	45	15	35
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	40	15	25
Asia	350	145	205	720	305	410
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	15	10	10	110	55	60
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	40	15	20
India	185	75	105	100	55	45
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	30	20	10
Iraq	0	0	0	15	0	10
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	40	10	25	55	25	30
Lebanon	0	0	0	20	10	0
Pakistan	10	10	0	30	10	20
Philippines	75	25	50	80	10	70
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	40	15	25
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	50	20	30
Taiwan	10	0	0	10	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	65	40	25
Other places of birth in Asia	20	10	10	75	30	45
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	20	0	15	35	0	35
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	180	60	115	195	105	90
Americas	0	0	10	15	15	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	10	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	10	0	10	10	10	0
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0
Europe	35	20	20	50	30	15
France	0	0	0	10	10	0
Germany	0	0	0	10	0	10
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	10	10	10	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	10	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	0	0	0	25	20	10
Other places of birth in Europe	15	15	0	10	0	0
Africa	0	0	10	10	10	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	10	0	10	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0
Asia	130	40	85	120	55	70
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	10	10	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	0	0	0	15	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	20	0	15	20	10	10
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	0	10	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	10
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	30	10	20	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	75	25	50	15	0	10
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	45	15	30
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	15	15	10
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	10	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	10,100	5,065	5,030	73,375	36,225	37,155
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	1,010	460	550	6,035	2,810	3,225
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	1,545	740	805	10,730	5,280	5,450
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	7,545	3,870	3,670	56,610	28,130	28,480
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	460	160	300	1,615	735	875
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	270	105	155	790	400	390
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	100	40	60	395	255	145
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	170	65	105	390	145	250
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	180	45	140	595	215	380
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	10	10	0	225	120	105
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	0	0	0	10	0	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	10,100	5,070	5,035	73,375	36,225	37,155
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	2,065	975	1,095	1,995	920	1,075
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	2,050	970	1,085	1,885	865	1,025
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	1,620	755	870	1,115	480	630
Métis	430	215	210	740	355	380
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	10	35	25	15
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	10	0	0	70	40	25
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	10	10	10	45	20	25
Non-Aboriginal identity	8,030	4,095	3,935	71,380	35,300	36,080
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	10,100	5,070	5,030	73,375	36,220	37,155
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	1,380	610	765	505	235	275
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	8,720	4,455	4,260	72,865	35,985	36,885
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	10,100	5,070	5,030	73,375	36,220	37,155
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	810	375	435	290	105	185
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	805	375	430	280	105	170
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	750	355	390	215	60	150
Métis single ancestry	55	20	35	60	35	20
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	0	0	10	20	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	10	0	0	10	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	10	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	1,380	680	700	2,785	1,345	1,440
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	1,295	655	640	2,710	1,315	1,400
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	990	510	480	1,920	930	985
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	310	150	160	760	360	400
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	40	20	10
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	85	20	65	75	25	50
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	85	25	65	75	25	45
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	7,905	4,015	3,895	70,295	34,770	35,525
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	10,100	5,065	5,035	73,375	36,220	37,150
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	660	285	375	1,530	770	760
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	330	185	150	345	170	170
Chinese	25	10	10	245	120	125
Black	50	10	35	280	145	135
Filipino	80	20	55	190	75	115
Latin American	15	0	20	40	15	25
Arab	0	0	0	80	35	35
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	10	10	0	130	80	45
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	0	0	0	35	25	15
Korean	60	20	40	75	35	40
Japanese	25	10	15	45	20	25
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	20	0	15	45	25	20
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	50	20	30	35	25	10
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	9,440	4,785	4,655	71,845	35,450	36,395
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	10,100	5,070	5,030	73,375	36,220	37,155
North American Aboriginal origins	2,190	1,055	1,140	3,080	1,455	1,630
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,825	885	945	2,215	1,025	1,190
Inuit	0	0	0	40	25	20
Métis	455	190	265	915	435	480
Other North American origins	3,025	1,565	1,455	28,835	14,420	14,420
Acadian	0	0	0	90	50	40
American	175	80	95	750	345	405
Canadian	2,925	1,520	1,410	28,225	14,085	14,135
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	160	100	60
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Québécois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	10	0	0
European origins	7,150	3,615	3,535	57,350	28,075	29,275
British Isles origins	4,900	2,510	2,390	47,880	23,225	24,655
Channel Islander	0	0	0	20	10	10
Cornish	10	0	0	10	0	10
English	2,910	1,455	1,450	30,820	14,620	16,205
Irish	1,805	950	850	19,745	9,210	10,540
Manx	0	0	0	10	0	0
Scottish	2,360	1,125	1,235	19,240	9,415	9,820
Welsh	280	155	130	1,875	875	1,005
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	175	95	80	2,570	1,210	1,355
French origins	1,365	605	760	6,955	3,265	3,690
Alsatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	1,365	605	760	6,955	3,270	3,690
Western European origins (except French origins)	2,305	1,155	1,150	11,355	5,505	5,855
Austrian	80	35	45	505	235	275
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	60	20	40	165	90	75
Dutch	495	260	235	4,410	2,120	2,285
Flemish	10	0	0	20	15	10
Frisian	0	0	0	25	10	15
German	1,740	885	850	6,750	3,295	3,450
Luxembourger	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss	50	25	30	375	155	220
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	10	0	10	15	10	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	930	475	450	1,615	765	855
Danish	80	55	25	375	195	185
Finnish	100	55	50	245	105	145
Icelandic	70	30	40	90	45	45
Norwegian	405	200	205	380	170	210
Swedish	345	175	175	480	235	250
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	40	20	15	105	45	60
Eastern European origins	1,445	680	770	4,380	2,290	2,095
Bulgarian	10	10	0	20	10	15
Byelorussian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Czech	30	10	25	100	50	45
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	0	10	0	55	40	20
Estonian	15	10	0	65	30	35
Hungarian	130	50	80	700	355	350
Latvian	10	10	0	50	30	20
Lithuanian	0	0	0	90	55	35
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	370	170	200	1,625	825	800
Romanian	140	65	70	145	55	85
Russian	280	115	160	365	215	160
Slovak	10	0	10	150	70	75
Ukrainian	705	365	340	1,515	840	680
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	0	0	0	25	15	10
Southern European origins	450	225	225	3,655	1,870	1,780
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	45	30	20	100	60	40
Cypriot	0	0	0	10	10	0
Greek	15	0	15	295	175	120
Italian	280	145	140	1,950	1,015	940
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	110	60	50
Maltese	0	0	0	235	130	100
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	55	25	25	520	250	275
Serbian	0	0	0	60	35	20
Sicilian	0	0	0	15	10	15
Slovenian	0	0	0	55	40	15
Spanish	60	25	35	310	105	200
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	10	0	10	90	35	55
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	75	50	30	260	105	155
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jewish	15	15	0	95	40	50
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	10	10	10
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	60	30	30	155	60	95
Caribbean origins	15	10	10	360	200	160
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	40	25	15
Bermudan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	10	10	0	10	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	20	10	15
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican	10	0	0	205	105	100
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	30	25	10
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	0	0	0	45	25	20
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	0	0	0	10	10	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	80	45	40	290	135	155
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	15	0	15	30	15	15
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	20	10	15
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	25	10	20
Chilean	15	0	10	15	0	10
Colombian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	40	10	25
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	10	0
Guyanese	0	10	0	80	50	35
Hispanic	0	0	0	10	0	10
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maya	0	0	0	10	10	10
Mexican	45	25	20	45	40	10
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	10	0	10
Panamanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	0	0	0	10	0	0
African origins	35	10	20	285	135	155
Central and West African origins	20	0	20	35	30	0
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	20	10	15	30	25	10
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	10	0	10	0	0	0
North African origins	0	0	0	10	10	0
Algerian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0	10	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	0	10	0	115	30	85
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
South African	10	0	0	90	25	60
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	10
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other African origins	10	0	10	125	60	65
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	0	0	0	10	0	10
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	0	0	10	115	60	55
Asian origins	625	265	360	1,490	755	730
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	30	0	25	290	165	130
Afghan	0	0	0	15	10	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	30	20	10
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	10	0	0	50	35	20
Iraqi	0	0	0	25	10	10
Israeli	10	0	0	40	15	20
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	15	0	20	55	35	25
Palestinian	0	0	0	15	0	10
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	65	20	40
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	0	0	0	20	10	15
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	0	0	0	15	10	10
South Asian origins	335	170	160	380	175	205
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	305	150	155	275	130	150
Goan	0	0	0	10	0	10
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	15	10	10	10	10	0
Pakistani	15	10	0	20	10	15
Punjabi	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	65	35	30
Tamil	0	0	0	10	10	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	0	0	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	260	95	165	830	415	410
Burmese	0	0	0	25	20	10
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Chinese	50	20	30	345	180	165
Filipino	80	30	55	200	85	115
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Japanese	40	10	25	80	40	40
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	80	25	55	70	40	35
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	10	0	10
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	90	55	40
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	10	0	10
Other Asian origins	0	0	0	10	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oceania origins	85	40	45	60	35	25
Australian	35	15	25	30	25	0
New Zealander	10	10	10	25	15	10
Pacific Islands origins	35	25	15	10	0	0
Fijian	30	15	15	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	10	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	4,440	...	...	31,105	...	...
Owner	2,740	...	...	25,780	...	...
Renter	1,700	...	...	5,325	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	4,440	...	...	31,105	...	...
Condominium	365	...	...	795	...	...
Not condominium	4,075	...	...	30,310	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	4,440	...	...	31,105	...	...
No bedrooms	10	...	...	35	...	...
1 bedroom	420	...	...	2,230	...	...
2 bedrooms	1,290	...	...	7,040	...	...
3 bedrooms	1,425	...	...	13,345	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	1,290	...	...	8,455	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	4,440	...	...	31,105	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	1,130	...	...	4,505	...	...
5 rooms	775	...	...	4,580	...	...
6 rooms	610	...	...	5,455	...	...
7 rooms	530	...	...	5,370	...	...
8 or more rooms	1,390	...	...	11,195	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...	6.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	4,440	...	...	31,110	...	...
One person or fewer per room	4,395	...	...	30,975	...	...
More than 1 person per room	40	...	...	130	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	4,440	...	...	31,105	...	...
Suitable	4,280	...	...	30,325	...	...
Not suitable	160	...	...	780	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	4,440	...	...	31,105	...	...
1960 or before	425	...	...	8,830	...	...
1961 to 1980	2,605	...	...	8,805	...	...
1981 to 1990	580	...	...	5,135	...	...
1991 to 2000	500	...	...	3,440	...	...
2001 to 2005	105	...	...	1,760	...	...
2006 to 2010	125	...	...	1,685	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	100	...	...	1,455	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	4,440	...	...	31,105	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	4,185	...	...	29,065	...	...
Major repairs needed	260	...	...	2,040	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	4,440	...	...	31,105	...	...
1 household maintainer	2,845	...	...	17,275	...	...
2 household maintainers	1,490	...	...	13,360	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	105	...	...	470	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	4,440	...	...	31,105	...	...
15 to 24 years	280	...	...	420	...	...
25 to 34 years	625	...	...	2,760	...	...
35 to 44 years	765	...	...	3,510	...	...
45 to 54 years	770	...	...	5,500	...	...
55 to 64 years	895	...	...	7,580	...	...
65 to 74 years	620	...	...	6,490	...	...
75 to 84 years	380	...	...	3,425	...	...
85 years and over	105	...	...	1,420	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	4,430	...	...	30,055	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	3,630	...	...	22,945	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	795	...	...	7,105	...	...
30% to less than 100%	710	...	...	6,275	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,740	...	...	24,810	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	55.8	...	...	55.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	8.0	...	...	17.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	733	...	...	1,017	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	879	...	...	1,150	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	219,271	...	...	299,811	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	228,851	...	...	347,722	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,705	...	...	5,310	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	13.5	...	...	18.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	33.9	...	...	51.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	823	...	...	933	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	855	...	...	937	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	8,295	4,120	4,175	63,505	31,175	32,335
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,110	1,125	990	13,095	6,955	6,140
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	2,940	1,365	1,575	20,340	9,600	10,740
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,245	1,630	1,615	30,075	14,620	15,455
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	950	740	210	6,205	4,730	1,480
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	375	205	170	2,530	1,635	895
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	575	530	45	3,680	3,095	585
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	1,240	435	800	16,195	6,750	9,445
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	295	100	200	1,180	535	640
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	760	360	405	6,490	2,605	3,885
Bachelor's degree	515	245	270	4,665	1,775	2,895
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	45	20	25	605	240	360
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	50	20	25	170	105	65
Master's degree	125	60	65	940	435	505
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	25	15	15	115	60	55
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	5,350	2,655	2,695	37,845	18,470	19,380
No certificate, diploma or degree	980	530	450	4,765	2,780	1,985
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	1,980	935	1,050	12,270	6,020	6,250
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,390	1,195	1,195	20,805	9,665	11,140
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	700	545	150	3,870	2,975	895
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	255	140	120	1,585	1,025	560
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	440	405	35	2,290	1,955	335
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	885	300	580	11,835	4,810	7,025
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	205	75	135	595	265	330
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	595	275	325	4,505	1,610	2,895
Bachelor's degree	400	195	210	3,340	1,170	2,170
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	40	10	25	390	120	270
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	30	15	20	95	55	45
Master's degree	115	50	65	610	230	380
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	0	0	10	65	30	35
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	8,295	4,120	4,175	63,505	31,175	32,330
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	5,050	2,490	2,560	33,435	16,555	16,880
Education	240	50	190	1,920	495	1,425
13. Education	240	45	190	1,920	500	1,425
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	90	40	50	915	455	460
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	15	10	0	260	215	45
50. Visual and performing arts	75	25	45	660	245	415
Humanities	120	55	65	1,050	390	660
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	15	0	10	75	30	50
23. English language and literature/letters	35	10	25	290	50	240
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	30	10	20	255	95	155
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	10	10	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	10	0	55	35	20
39. Theology and religious vocations	30	25	10	170	90	75
54. History	10	0	10	165	80	85
55. French language and literature/letters	0	0	0	35	0	30
Social and behavioural sciences and law	235	75	155	2,815	660	2,150
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	50	0	45
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	15	10	10	190	45	145
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	65	0	65	745	50	695
22. Legal professions and studies	60	25	40	580	100	485
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	10	0	10	55	0	55
42. Psychology	25	15	10	475	85	390
45. Social sciences	55	25	30	715	375	345
Business, management and public administration	515	120	395	5,070	1,670	3,395
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	50	15	35	605	100	505
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	460	105	355	4,455	1,570	2,885
Physical and life sciences and technologies	60	35	25	735	370	365
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	20	15	10	325	135	195
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	155	70	85
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	10	0	0
40. Physical sciences	30	25	10	170	125	45
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	10	80	45	35
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	50	35	15	640	375	270
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	45	30	10	470	280	190
25. Library science	10	0	10	60	10	50
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	110	80	35
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	10	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	890	865	30	7,540	7,250	285
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	110	80	30
14. Engineering	85	75	0	455	415	35
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	65	65	0	1,530	1,400	130
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	265	245	15	2,060	2,030	30
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	325	320	0	2,405	2,365	35
48. Precision production	155	155	0	980	955	25
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	170	120	50	1,160	835	330
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	45	10	40	650	455	200
03. Natural resources and conservation	125	110	10	505	380	130
Health and related fields	595	105	490	5,435	690	4,745
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	35	25	10	520	260	260
51. Health professions and related programs	560	80	485	4,890	420	4,470
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	0	0	0	30	20	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	280	130	145	2,790	1,430	1,360
12. Personal and culinary services	180	40	150	1,200	225	975
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	10	10	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	0	0	25	20	0
43. Security and protective services	20	20	0	1,140	785	360
49. Transportation and materials moving	70	70	0	425	395	25
Other	0	0	0	0	0	10
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	10	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	5,350	2,655	2,695	37,845	18,465	19,375
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	2,965	1,460	1,500	17,035	8,805	8,240
Education	175	40	135	1,105	295	810
13. Education	175	40	135	1,105	295	805
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	75	35	40	640	265	370
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	10	10	10	155	120	35
50. Visual and performing arts	65	25	40	485	150	330
Humanities	95	35	60	640	235	400
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	10	0	15	25	10	20
23. English language and literature/letters	25	0	25	185	25	160
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	30	10	20	180	80	100
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	10	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	20	15	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	15	15	0	85	50	35
54. History	10	10	10	100	50	55
55. French language and literature/letters	0	0	0	30	0	30
Social and behavioural sciences and law	180	60	120	2,070	455	1,615
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	30	10	30
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	15	10	10	145	25	115
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	45	10	45	545	25	525
22. Legal professions and studies	50	10	35	455	70	385
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	0	10	0	45	0	45
42. Psychology	15	10	10	325	55	275
45. Social sciences	50	25	20	520	280	240
Business, management and public administration	370	90	280	3,390	960	2,425
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	45	15	30	495	70	425
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	325	70	250	2,895	895	2,000
Physical and life sciences and technologies	20	10	15	495	220	275
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	10	0	0	230	85	145
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	10	100	45	55
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	10	0	10
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	100	60	40
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	10	55	30	25
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	35	30	15	460	260	195
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	35	20	15	375	220	150
25. Library science	0	0	0	30	0	20
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	50	30	20
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	0	10	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	665	640	20	5,115	4,905	210
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	75	55	20
14. Engineering	75	70	10	255	230	30
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	50	50	0	1,060	970	90
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	185	175	15	1,435	1,420	20
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	245	240	10	1,660	1,630	30
48. Precision production	105	105	0	625	600	20
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	120	75	40	880	615	265
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	40	10	30	485	315	170
03. Natural resources and conservation	80	70	10	395	300	100
Health and related fields	430	85	345	4,020	465	3,555
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	30	30	0	380	165	210
51. Health professions and related programs	400	60	345	3,620	280	3,340
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	0	0	0	15	10	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	215	105	110	2,000	990	1,010
12. Personal and culinary services	145	30	115	805	145	660
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	15	10	10
43. Security and protective services	20	15	0	865	535	330
49. Transportation and materials moving	55	55	0	315	305	15
Other	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	8,295	4,120	4,175	63,505	31,175	32,335
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	5,050	2,490	2,560	33,435	16,550	16,880
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	3,245	1,630	1,615	30,070	14,620	15,455
Location of study inside Canada	3,005	1,530	1,480	28,175	13,610	14,570
Same as province or territory of residence	2,500	1,250	1,250	27,000	12,995	14,005
Different than province or territory of residence	505	280	225	1,175	610	565
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	240	105	135	1,895	1,015	880
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	70	35	35	310	165	145
Philippines	20	10	10	50	0	55
India	10	0	10	65	30	30
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	50	10	35	665	395	270
China^{Census data footnote 162}	0	0	0	40	10	25
France	0	0	0	25	10	15
Other	90	40	50	750	410	340
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	5,350	2,655	2,695	37,845	18,465	19,375
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,965	1,460	1,500	17,040	8,805	8,235
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	2,385	1,195	1,195	20,805	9,665	11,140
Location of study inside Canada	2,215	1,130	1,085	19,890	9,210	10,680
Same as province or territory of residence	1,870	955	915	19,140	8,825	10,315
Different than province or territory of residence	340	175	165	745	380	370
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	175	65	105	915	460	455
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	50	15	25	205	100	105
Philippines	20	10	15	40	0	40
India	10	0	10	50	20	25
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	30	10	20	205	120	85
China^{Census data footnote 162}	0	0	0	35	10	25
France	0	0	0	10	0	0
Other	65	25	40	375	205	170
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	8,295	4,120	4,175	63,510	31,175	32,330
In the labour force	5,425	2,980	2,455	36,165	18,735	17,425
Employed	5,020	2,695	2,320	33,365	17,150	16,210
Unemployed	410	285	130	2,795	1,585	1,210
Not in the labour force	2,865	1,140	1,725	27,345	12,435	14,905
Participation rate	65.4	72.3	58.8	56.9	60.1	53.9
Employment rate	60.5	65.4	55.6	52.5	55.0	50.1
Unemployment rate	7.6	9.6	5.3	7.7	8.5	6.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	8,295	4,120	4,175	63,505	31,175	32,335
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	2,620	1,050	1,575	25,750	11,640	14,115
Worked	5,675	3,070	2,600	37,755	19,540	18,225
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	2,715	1,620	1,100	19,470	11,020	8,445
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	2,960	1,455	1,505	18,290	8,515	9,775
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.0	42.4	41.5	43.0	43.3	42.7
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	5,430	2,980	2,450	36,165	18,735	17,430
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	105	55	50	705	380	320
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	5,320	2,920	2,405	35,460	18,355	17,105
Employee	4,855	2,655	2,200	30,295	15,075	15,225
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	465	265	200	5,160	3,280	1,880
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	5,430	2,980	2,455	36,165	18,740	17,425
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	105	60	45	700	385	320
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	5,325	2,920	2,405	35,460	18,355	17,105
0 Management occupations	475	255	220	3,800	2,350	1,450
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	575	120	460	4,495	900	3,600
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	225	175	50	1,245	940	305
3 Health occupations	295	25	265	2,635	275	2,360
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	475	130	340	3,895	1,190	2,705
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	55	25	25	605	215	390
6 Sales and service occupations	1,310	415	895	8,280	3,170	5,110
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,160	1,120	35	7,785	7,290	490
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	360	310	50	1,110	900	220
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	405	340	60	1,610	1,135	475
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	5,430	2,980	2,450	36,165	18,735	17,425
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	110	55	50	700	380	320
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	5,325	2,920	2,405	35,460	18,355	17,105
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	350	285	65	1,340	915	420
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	345	320	25	245	205	30
22 Utilities	25	10	10	500	425	75
23 Construction	350	310	40	4,145	3,705	445
31-33 Manufacturing	595	520	75	2,865	2,100	765
41 Wholesale trade	145	125	20	1,085	820	265
44-45 Retail trade	735	310	430	4,570	2,160	2,410
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	260	210	45	1,565	1,105	455
51 Information and cultural industries	45	25	25	470	245	225
52 Finance and insurance	130	40	90	1,020	280	740
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	90	50	45	590	275	315
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	225	95	130	1,630	710	915
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	30	15	15
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	200	85	110	1,720	1,010	710
61 Educational services	285	115	165	2,255	650	1,605
62 Health care and social assistance	585	75	515	4,510	520	3,990
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	60	10	50	900	450	450
72 Accommodation and food services	465	145	320	1,980	655	1,325
81 Other services (except public administration)	205	100	105	1,740	870	870
91 Public administration	230	95	135	2,295	1,220	1,080
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	5,020	2,695	2,325	33,365	17,150	16,215
Worked at home	170	75	100	3,170	1,635	1,535
Worked outside Canada	15	10	0	105	60	40
No fixed workplace address	650	505	145	5,045	3,825	1,220
Worked at usual place	4,180	2,100	2,080	25,050	11,630	13,420
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	4,180	2,100	2,075	25,045	11,630	13,415
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	3,185	1,480	1,705	13,715	5,445	8,265
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	905	565	345	0	0	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	75	50	25	11,260	6,130	5,125
Commute to a different province or territory	10	0	0	75	50	25
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	4,830	2,605	2,220	30,095	15,455	14,635
Car, truck, van - as a driver	3,770	2,020	1,745	26,305	13,670	12,635
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	345	185	165	1,790	900	895
Public transit	260	180	80	295	75	220
Walked	310	120	190	1,325	620	710
Bicycle	80	60	25	145	85	65
Other method	60	40	20	225	110	120
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	4,830	2,605	2,220	30,090	15,455	14,635
Less than 15 minutes	3,380	1,615	1,770	8,405	3,620	4,785
15 to 29 minutes	765	435	330	8,315	3,685	4,630
30 to 44 minutes	145	85	65	5,150	2,605	2,540
45 to 59 minutes	185	175	0	2,965	1,675	1,285
60 minutes and over	355	305	55	5,255	3,860	1,390
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	4,830	2,610	2,220	30,090	15,455	14,635
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	490	420	70	2,965	2,080	885
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	660	440	225	5,705	3,610	2,095
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,205	660	545	7,585	3,675	3,915
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,085	415	665	5,955	2,110	3,850
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	510	125	390	2,550	910	1,640
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	885	545	340	5,330	3,070	2,260
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	5,900	3,150	2,755	39,015	20,180	18,840
Single responses	5,875	3,140	2,730	38,900	20,110	18,790
Official languages	5,865	3,140	2,730	38,820	20,070	18,750
English	5,865	3,140	2,730	38,760	20,065	18,690
French	0	10	0	60	10	60
Non-official languages	10	0	0	80	40	45
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	10	0	0	80	40	40
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	65	35	30
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	55	30	25
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	10	0	10
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	50	30	20
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	10	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	10	10	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Chinese languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Cantonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	10
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	30	10	20	120	70	45
English and French	15	0	10	50	30	15
English and non-official language	15	10	10	70	45	30
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	5,900	3,150	2,750	39,015	20,180	18,835
None	5,855	3,140	2,715	38,495	19,980	18,510
English	0	0	0	110	25	85
French	10	0	10	275	105	170
Non-official language	40	10	25	145	70	70
Aboriginal	25	0	20	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	10	0	0	140	75	70
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	9,995	5,030	4,965	72,710	35,845	36,860
Non-movers	8,240	4,210	4,030	65,350	32,250	33,095
Movers	1,755	815	940	7,360	3,600	3,770
Non-migrants	1,140	560	585	3,400	1,695	1,705
Migrants	610	260	355	3,965	1,900	2,065
Internal migrants	545	235	310	3,795	1,825	1,965
Intraprovincial migrants	470	195	275	3,545	1,705	1,840
Interprovincial migrants	70	40	30	250	125	125
External migrants	65	20	45	170	70	100
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	9,540	4,725	4,815	70,335	34,610	35,720
Non-movers	5,410	2,695	2,715	48,680	24,160	24,520
Movers	4,130	2,035	2,100	21,660	10,455	11,210
Non-migrants	2,475	1,250	1,225	9,860	4,720	5,135
Migrants	1,655	780	875	11,805	5,735	6,070
Internal migrants	1,465	705	760	11,455	5,555	5,900
Intraprovincial migrants	1,165	550	610	10,910	5,275	5,635
Interprovincial migrants	300	155	145	545	280	265
External migrants	190	80	120	345	175	175

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Williams Lake [Population centre], British Columbia and Kawartha Lakes, CY [Census subdivision], Ontario (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 2, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Williams Lake [Population centre], British Columbia and Kawartha Lakes, City [Census subdivision], Ontario

Census Profile, 2016 Census Williams Lake [Population centre], British Columbia and Kawartha Lakes, City [Census subdivision], Ontario

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Williams Lake [Population centre], British Columbia and Kawartha Lakes, City [Census subdivision], Ontario