Census Profile, 2016 Census
Williams Lake [Population centre], British Columbia and Muskoka, District municipality [Census division], Ontario

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Williams Lake British Columbia [Population centre]			Muskoka, DM Ontario [Census division]
	Data quality , Williams Lake [Population centre], British Columbia Map : Williams Lake [Population centre], British Columbia Change geography 1			Data quality : Muskoka, District municipality [Census division], Ontario Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	10,508	...	...	60,599	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	10,902 ^r	...	...	58,017^r	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	-3.6	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	4,927	...	...	46,207	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	4,423	...	...	25,431	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	494.2	...	...	15.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	21.26	...	...	3,940.48	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	10,515	5,250	5,260	60,600	30,225	30,375
0 to 14 years	1,765	935	835	7,620	3,935	3,690
0 to 4 years	575	320	260	2,315	1,185	1,125
5 to 9 years	595	305	290	2,605	1,340	1,270
10 to 14 years	590	310	285	2,705	1,415	1,295
15 to 64 years	6,765	3,400	3,365	37,535	18,885	18,650
15 to 19 years	600	315	285	3,055	1,510	1,545
20 to 24 years	680	355	325	2,930	1,580	1,350
25 to 29 years	705	355	350	2,900	1,500	1,400
30 to 34 years	730	370	355	3,050	1,560	1,490
35 to 39 years	620	310	310	2,875	1,445	1,430
40 to 44 years	600	285	320	3,065	1,595	1,470
45 to 49 years	670	340	335	3,640	1,795	1,850
50 to 54 years	655	310	345	5,100	2,585	2,520
55 to 59 years	775	405	370	5,505	2,690	2,810
60 to 64 years	720	355	365	5,415	2,625	2,785
65 years and over	1,980	910	1,065	15,440	7,395	8,040
65 to 69 years	640	330	310	4,920	2,445	2,470
70 to 74 years	430	230	200	3,815	1,900	1,910
75 to 79 years	300	120	175	2,705	1,340	1,365
80 to 84 years	275	95	180	1,995	945	1,045
85 years and over	340	135	205	2,010	760	1,250
85 to 89 years	150	85	60	1,275	550	720
90 to 94 years	180	45	135	585	185	405
95 to 99 years	10	0	10	125	25	95
100 years and over	5	0	0	35	0	30
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.8	17.8	15.9	12.6	13.0	12.1
15 to 64 years	64.3	64.8	64.0	61.9	62.5	61.4
65 years and over	18.8	17.3	20.2	25.5	24.5	26.5
85 years and over	3.2	2.6	3.9	3.3	2.5	4.1
Average age of the population	41.6	40.4	42.8	47.1	46.3	47.9
Median age of the population	41.1	39.6	42.7	51.3	50.4	52.1
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	4,425	...	...	25,435	...	...
Single-detached house	2,180	...	...	20,730	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	250	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	1,755	...	...	4,150	...	...
Semi-detached house	240	...	...	390	...	...
Row house	320	...	...	695	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	475	...	...	655	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	705	...	...	2,205	...	...
Other single-attached house	15	...	...	210	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	490	...	...	290	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	4,425	...	...	25,435	...	...
1 person	1,395	...	...	6,720	...	...
2 persons	1,590	...	...	10,940	...	...
3 persons	640	...	...	3,445	...	...
4 persons	505	...	...	2,900	...	...
5 or more persons	285	...	...	1,425	...	...
Number of persons in private households	10,085	...	...	58,340	...	...
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	8,745	4,315	4,430	52,975	26,285	26,690
Married or living common law	4,755	2,415	2,345	32,990	16,700	16,290
Married	3,525	1,800	1,725	27,195	13,810	13,385
Living common law	1,230	615	620	5,800	2,890	2,910
Not married and not living common law	3,990	1,905	2,085	19,985	9,585	10,400
Never married	2,450	1,365	1,080	10,910	6,075	4,840
Separated	345	155	185	1,800	965	840
Divorced	595	285	315	3,460	1,625	1,840
Widowed	600	100	505	3,805	925	2,885
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	2,860	...	...	18,455	...	...
2 persons	1,635	...	...	11,440	...	...
3 persons	570	...	...	3,375	...	...
4 persons	460	...	...	2,700	...	...
5 or more persons	195	...	...	940	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	2,865	...	...	18,460	...	...
Total couple families	2,265	...	...	15,980	...	...
Married couples	1,650	...	...	13,080	...	...
Common-law couples	615	...	...	2,895	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	595	...	...	2,480	...	...
Female parent	465	...	...	1,870	...	...
Male parent	130	...	...	610	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	2,265	...	...	15,980	...	...
Couples without children	1,280	...	...	9,855	...	...
Couples with children	985	...	...	6,125	...	...
1 child	405	...	...	2,660	...	...
2 children	405	...	...	2,560	...	...
3 or more children	175	...	...	895	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	595	...	...	2,480	...	...
1 child	360	...	...	1,585	...	...
2 children	165	...	...	710	...	...
3 or more children	75	...	...	185	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	2,230	1,185	1,045	9,490	4,625	4,865
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	4,425	...	...	25,430	...	...
One-census-family households	2,715	...	...	17,540	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	1,230	...	...	9,445	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	1,485	...	...	8,095	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	75	...	...	455	...	...
Non-census-family households	1,635	...	...	7,435	...	...
One-person households	1,395	...	...	6,720	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	235	...	...	715	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	10,130	5,080	5,050	59,010	29,210	29,805
English only	9,640	4,875	4,760	55,265	27,670	27,595
French only	30	5	25	10	5	10
English and French	400	180	220	3,675	1,510	2,160
Neither English nor French	55	20	40	60	25	40
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	10,130	5,085	5,045	59,010	29,210	29,805
English	9,925	4,995	4,930	58,250	28,875	29,380
French	140	65	75	655	295	365
English and French	10	5	5	40	20	20
Neither English nor French	55	20	35	60	25	35
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	145	65	80	680	300	375
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.4	1.3	1.6	1.2	1.0	1.3
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	10,130	5,080	5,050	59,015	29,210	29,800
Single responses	9,975	5,005	4,970	58,690	29,070	29,620
Official languages	9,050	4,575	4,475	55,935	27,775	28,160
English	8,885	4,505	4,380	55,200	27,440	27,760
French	160	75	90	735	335	400
Non-official languages	925	425	495	2,755	1,300	1,455
Aboriginal languages	130	45	85	10	5	5
Algonquian languages	5	0	5	5	5	5
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	0	5	0	5
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	95	30	65	5	0	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	95	30	65	5	0	5
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	5	5	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	90	30	60	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	25	15	10	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	25	15	10	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	5	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	795	380	410	2,745	1,295	1,450
Afro-Asiatic languages	5	0	5	55	30	25
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	5	5	5	55	25	25
Amharic	0	0	0	0	5	5
Arabic	5	0	5	15	10	10
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	30	15	10
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	25	10	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	20	15	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	65	25	40	70	20	55
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	5	0	5	5	5	5
Fijian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ilocano	0	5	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	10	5	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	55	20	40	45	10	35
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Creole languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	10	5	5	20	15	10
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	5	5	0	5	5	0
Tamil	0	0	0	5	5	5
Telugu	5	0	0	0	5	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	610	305	305	2,185	1,055	1,130
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	5	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	60	40	25	500	250	250
Baltic languages	0	0	0	60	35	25
Latvian	0	0	0	35	20	15
Lithuanian	0	0	0	25	15	10
Slavic languages	65	35	25	440	215	230
Belarusan	0	0	0	5	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	5	5	10	5	5
Croatian	15	5	5	25	20	10
Czech	5	0	5	45	20	25
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	5	5	0	175	75	100
Russian	10	5	5	40	20	15
Serbian	0	0	0	15	5	5
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	5	0	5
Slovak	5	0	0	25	15	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	20	15	5
Ukrainian	15	10	10	75	35	40
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	5
Celtic languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	200	95	105	1,160	535	625
Afrikaans	15	10	5	15	5	5
Danish	10	5	0	50	30	20
Dutch	25	15	10	280	140	140
Frisian	0	0	0	5	5	5
German	135	55	80	790	350	440
Icelandic	0	0	0	5	0	0
Norwegian	10	5	5	5	0	5
Swedish	5	0	0	10	5	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0	5	5	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	5	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	55	30	25
Indo-Iranian languages	270	140	130	120	70	60
Indo-Aryan languages	270	140	135	100	55	40
Bengali	5	5	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	60	35	25
Hindi	10	5	5	5	0	5
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	5	0	5	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	250	120	125	15	10	5
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Urdu	5	5	0	5	5	5
Iranian languages	5	0	0	25	15	15
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	25	15	15
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	75	30	45	345	175	165
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	15	10	5	165	105	60
Portuguese	20	10	10	75	30	45
Romanian	0	0	0	15	5	10
Spanish	45	15	25	95	35	50
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	5	0	0	5	0	10
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	5	0	0
Korean	30	10	20	75	40	40
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	0	5	5	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	5	0	10	5	5
American Sign Language	5	0	0	5	5	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	5	0	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	55	20	35	115	45	65
Chinese languages	55	20	30	110	45	70
Cantonese	30	10	15	55	25	30
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	5
Mandarin	20	5	15	40	15	25
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	5	10	5	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	5	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	10	5	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	15	5	5
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	10	5	10
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	5	5	160	70	85
Estonian	5	0	0	25	15	10
Finnish	5	5	0	50	20	35
Hungarian	0	0	5	85	35	50
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	155	75	80	320	140	180
English and French	20	10	10	100	40	60
English and non-official language	130	65	70	205	95	115
French and non-official language	0	0	0	5	5	5
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	10	5	5
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	10,130	5,080	5,050	59,010	29,210	29,800
Single responses	9,920	4,985	4,940	58,485	28,965	29,515
Official languages	9,555	4,805	4,750	57,950	28,700	29,245
English	9,515	4,795	4,720	57,845	28,655	29,185
French	45	10	35	100	45	60
Non-official languages	370	180	185	540	265	270
Aboriginal languages	20	10	10	5	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	5	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	15	5	10	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	15	5	10	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	345	175	175	535	265	275
Afro-Asiatic languages	5	0	5	15	5	10
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	15	10	5
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	5
Arabic	5	5	0	5	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	10	0	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	10	0	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	20	10	10	20	10	10
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	25	15	10	15	5	5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	5	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	265	130	135	350	180	170
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	5
Balto-Slavic languages	15	10	5	110	65	50
Baltic languages	0	0	0	15	10	5
Latvian	0	0	0	5	0	5
Lithuanian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Slavic languages	15	10	5	100	55	40
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	0	5	5	5	0
Croatian	0	0	5	5	0	0
Czech	5	0	0	10	5	5
Macedonian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	5	0	0	35	20	20
Russian	0	0	5	25	15	10
Serbian	0	0	0	5	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	30	15	15	115	55	65
Afrikaans	15	10	5	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	5
Dutch	0	0	0	20	10	10
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	15	5	15	90	35	50
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	5	5	5
Indo-Iranian languages	205	95	105	65	30	35
Indo-Aryan languages	205	100	105	45	20	20
Bengali	0	0	0	5	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	35	20	20
Hindi	5	5	0	5	0	5
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	200	95	105	5	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	20	5	10
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	5	0	50	25	25
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	5	5	0	10	10	5
Portuguese	0	0	0	10	5	5
Romanian	0	0	0	5	0	0
Spanish	5	0	5	25	10	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	5	5	0	5	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	20	10	10	45	20	20
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	5	0	5	5	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	5	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	5	5	5	5	5	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	10	15	60	25	30
Chinese languages	25	10	15	60	30	35
Cantonese	15	5	5	25	10	15
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	5	0	5	25	10	15
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	5
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	5	5	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	20	10	10
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	5
Hungarian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	205	95	110	530	240	280
English and French	15	10	5	50	20	35
English and non-official language	195	85	105	465	220	245
French and non-official language	0	0	0	5	5	0
English, French and non-official language	5	0	0	5	5	5
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	10,125	5,085	5,045	59,010	29,210	29,805
None	9,575	4,820	4,750	57,155	28,380	28,770
English	130	60	70	310	150	155
French	60	30	30	585	255	330
Non-official language	360	170	195	925	405	525
Aboriginal	115	50	65	20	5	15
Non-Aboriginal	245	120	130	910	400	510
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	10	5	5
French and non-official language	5	0	0	30	15	15
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	8,315	4,130	4,185	50,760	24,970	25,790
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	8,070	4,020	4,055	49,700	24,470	25,235
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,402	46,482	25,762	32,430	38,860	27,481
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	8,080	4,025	4,060	49,720	24,465	25,255
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,246	40,390	24,320	29,515	34,804	25,293
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	7,125	3,655	3,470	45,010	22,525	22,485
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,138	46,700	22,800	29,014	35,916	23,305
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	5,725	2,510	3,215	37,015	17,330	19,690
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,155	7,542	6,919	8,304	8,333	8,272
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	6,120	3,205	2,915	34,860	18,235	16,620
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,236	49,865	23,808	26,918	30,848	23,573
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	8,295	4,120	4,175	50,760	25,010	25,750
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	8,040	4,010	4,030	49,710	24,490	25,215
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,195	53,466	30,981	45,531	52,879	38,396
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	8,040	4,010	4,030	49,725	24,490	25,235
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,093	44,517	27,721	37,878	43,327	32,590
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	7,155	3,695	3,465	45,180	22,530	22,650
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,635	52,214	28,284	42,801	50,689	34,954
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	5,675	2,430	3,250	36,810	17,235	19,570
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,534	8,873	8,282	8,951	8,876	9,017
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	6,125	3,260	2,865	34,860	18,165	16,695
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,938	53,413	28,885	38,305	44,116	31,981
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	8,295	4,120	4,175	50,765	25,010	25,750
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	2,680	1,605	1,070	15,450	8,755	6,690
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	54,096	64,626	40,173	46,641	51,990	41,236
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	58,366	67,880	44,125	57,451	63,793	49,155
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	85.5	89.5	79.0	85.3	88.2	81.3
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	75.0	79.8	66.9	60.5	63.0	56.9
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	14.4	10.5	20.9	14.7	11.8	18.7
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	8,315	4,130	4,185	50,765	24,970	25,790
Without total income	240	110	135	1,065	505	555
With total income	8,070	4,020	4,050	49,700	24,465	25,235
Percentage with total income	97.1	97.3	96.8	97.9	98.0	97.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,095	415	675	6,480	2,765	3,715
$10,000 to $19,999	1,395	510	885	8,935	3,530	5,405
$20,000 to $29,999	1,225	470	755	7,845	3,375	4,475
$30,000 to $39,999	975	390	585	6,295	2,875	3,420
$40,000 to $49,999	720	320	405	5,250	2,745	2,500
$50,000 to $59,999	590	335	250	4,035	2,375	1,655
$60,000 to $69,999	570	400	170	2,935	1,830	1,105
$70,000 to $79,999	425	300	120	2,110	1,295	820
$80,000 to $89,999	330	240	90	1,500	905	600
$90,000 to $99,999	235	195	40	1,160	640	520
$100,000 and over	515	440	80	3,145	2,125	1,015
$100,000 to $149,999	435	380	65	2,020	1,330	690
$150,000 and over	80	65	15	1,125	795	325
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	8,315	4,135	4,185	50,765	24,970	25,790
Without after-tax income	240	110	130	1,040	505	540
With after-tax income	8,080	4,025	4,055	49,720	24,465	25,255
Percentage with after-tax income	97.2	97.3	96.9	97.9	98.0	97.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,130	440	690	6,845	2,850	3,990
$10,000 to $19,999	1,475	565	910	9,395	3,745	5,650
$20,000 to $29,999	1,410	535	870	9,005	3,945	5,060
$30,000 to $39,999	1,110	460	645	7,325	3,530	3,790
$40,000 to $49,999	810	415	395	5,790	3,290	2,500
$50,000 to $59,999	750	525	230	3,865	2,375	1,485
$60,000 to $69,999	530	375	150	2,515	1,520	1,000
$70,000 to $79,999	375	295	80	1,760	1,020	745
$80,000 and over	500	415	85	3,230	2,205	1,025
$80,000 to $89,999	225	185	40	1,050	680	365
$90,000 to $99,999	125	105	20	590	385	205
$100,000 and over	150	125	25	1,590	1,135	455
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	8,315	4,135	4,185	50,765	24,970	25,790
Without employment income	2,195	925	1,270	15,905	6,735	9,170
With employment income	6,120	3,205	2,915	34,855	18,235	16,620
Percentage with employment income	73.6	77.5	69.7	68.7	73.0	64.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	905	375	530	6,255	3,270	2,975
$5,000 to $9,999	470	185	285	3,175	1,410	1,765
$10,000 to $19,999	740	275	465	5,005	2,255	2,750
$20,000 to $29,999	675	260	410	4,245	1,995	2,250
$30,000 to $39,999	665	275	385	3,685	1,715	1,970
$40,000 to $49,999	505	225	275	3,255	1,755	1,500
$50,000 to $59,999	440	255	180	2,440	1,530	915
$60,000 to $69,999	450	325	130	1,650	1,060	595
$70,000 to $79,999	350	255	95	1,320	805	510
$80,000 and over	925	770	150	3,825	2,440	1,390
$80,000 to $89,999	290	220	65	980	580	400
$90,000 to $99,999	210	170	35	900	480	415
$100,000 and over	425	375	50	1,950	1,375	570
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	4,420	...	...	25,430	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	67,440	...	...	67,880	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	58,458	...	...	60,245	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	1,400	...	...	6,720	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	35,968	...	...	33,038	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	32,112	...	...	30,059	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	3,025	...	...	18,710	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	84,173	...	...	81,562	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	72,945	...	...	72,154	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	4,440	...	...	25,430	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	76,414	...	...	88,996	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	65,400	...	...	74,064	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,450	...	...	6,705	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	46,097	...	...	52,506	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	39,388	...	...	42,879	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	2,990	...	...	18,725	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	91,067	...	...	102,068	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	77,973	...	...	85,236	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	4,420	...	...	25,430	...	...
Under $5,000	45	...	...	315	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	60	...	...	315	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	135	...	...	580	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	185	...	...	950	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	225	...	...	1,215	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	205	...	...	1,000	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	200	...	...	1,125	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	195	...	...	1,185	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	205	...	...	1,120	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	190	...	...	1,120	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	320	...	...	2,185	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	340	...	...	2,010	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	300	...	...	1,960	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	300	...	...	1,750	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	270	...	...	1,485	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,240	...	...	7,125	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	535	...	...	2,630	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	315	...	...	1,680	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	270	...	...	1,535	...	...
$200,000 and over	125	...	...	1,280	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	4,425	...	...	25,435	...	...
Under $5,000	50	...	...	340	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	65	...	...	340	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	135	...	...	595	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	185	...	...	985	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	270	...	...	1,365	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	240	...	...	1,100	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	235	...	...	1,325	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	220	...	...	1,365	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	245	...	...	1,340	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	195	...	...	1,330	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	435	...	...	2,575	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	390	...	...	2,365	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	390	...	...	2,215	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	320	...	...	1,730	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	270	...	...	1,455	...	...
$100,000 and over	785	...	...	5,020	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	410	...	...	2,265	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	205	...	...	1,195	...	...
$150,000 and over	170	...	...	1,560	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	2,860	...	...	18,210	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	82,227	...	...	81,232	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	71,595	...	...	71,782	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	1,200	...	...	9,240	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	80,768	...	...	76,931	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	69,939	...	...	68,213	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	1,000	...	...	6,205	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	105,216	...	...	100,574	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	90,185	...	...	88,021	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	565	...	...	2,270	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	47,232	...	...	51,092	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	43,520	...	...	47,232	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	2,825	...	...	18,220	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	89,317	...	...	102,083	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	76,456	...	...	85,101	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	1,170	...	...	9,210	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	87,740	...	...	100,620	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	74,504	...	...	82,719	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	1,015	...	...	6,225	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	109,461	...	...	119,966	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	93,257	...	...	100,197	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	545	...	...	2,300	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	54,779	...	...	60,289	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	48,830	...	...	53,672	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	1,955	1,065	890	8,405	4,130	4,275
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	33,365	40,704	28,160	30,843	32,640	29,383
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	30,251	35,669	25,984	28,533	29,659	27,372
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	1,985	1,055	925	8,415	4,145	4,275
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	43,883	52,508	34,035	47,906	44,190	51,510
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	37,540	43,755	30,443	39,553	36,956	42,072
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	10,080	5,065	5,015	58,335	28,880	29,460
In the bottom half of the distribution	5,435	2,580	2,855	30,170	14,670	15,500
In the bottom decile	1,180	545	640	4,835	2,435	2,400
In the second decile	1,160	535	630	6,110	2,770	3,340
In the third decile	1,040	480	560	6,435	3,110	3,325
In the fourth decile	1,020	495	525	6,505	3,235	3,270
In the fifth decile	1,035	530	500	6,280	3,120	3,160
In the top half of the distribution	4,645	2,485	2,165	28,170	14,210	13,965
In the sixth decile	995	500	495	6,170	3,080	3,085
In the seventh decile	1,130	605	525	6,005	3,020	2,985
In the eighth decile	1,010	545	470	5,720	2,880	2,845
In the ninth decile	950	525	425	5,405	2,715	2,690
In the top decile	565	310	255	4,860	2,510	2,355
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	10,085	5,065	5,015	58,130	28,775	29,350
0 to 17 years	2,110	1,115	995	9,275	4,755	4,520
0 to 5 years	705	390	315	2,785	1,430	1,355
18 to 64 years	6,340	3,180	3,160	34,505	17,020	17,490
65 years and over	1,635	775	860	14,345	7,000	7,345
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,650	735	910	7,535	3,600	3,940
0 to 17 years	475	240	235	1,570	815	750
0 to 5 years	185	105	80	500	260	245
18 to 64 years	935	405	530	4,500	2,190	2,305
65 years and over	240	90	150	1,470	595	875
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	16.4	14.5	18.1	13.0	12.5	13.4
0 to 17 years (%)	22.5	21.5	23.6	16.9	17.1	16.6
0 to 5 years (%)	26.2	26.9	25.4	18.0	18.2	18.1
18 to 64 years (%)	14.7	12.7	16.8	13.0	12.9	13.2
65 years and over (%)	14.7	11.6	17.4	10.2	8.5	11.9
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	735	330	400	2,650	1,390	1,260
0 to 17 years	195	95	105	460	235	225
0 to 5 years	65	35	30	140	70	70
18 to 64 years	515	230	285	2,010	1,065	945
65 years and over	20	10	15	180	85	95
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	7.3	6.5	8.0	4.6	4.8	4.3
0 to 17 years (%)	9.2	8.5	10.6	5.0	4.9	5.0
0 to 5 years (%)	9.2	9.0	9.5	5.0	4.9	5.2
18 to 64 years (%)	8.1	7.2	9.0	5.8	6.3	5.4
65 years and over (%)	1.2	1.3	1.7	1.3	1.2	1.3
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	10,100	5,065	5,035	58,335	28,880	29,455
Official languages	10,060	5,065	4,995	58,290	28,860	29,430
English	10,060	5,065	4,995	58,275	28,855	29,420
French	305	140	170	3,615	1,420	2,195
Non-official languages	1,225	555	670	3,675	1,770	1,905
Aboriginal languages	265	120	145	50	30	25
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	40	25	20
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	10	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	35	15	20
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	35	20	20
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	220	80	135	10	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	215	80	135	10	0	10
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	10	0	10	0	10
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	15	0	15	0	0	0
Chilcotin	205	75	130	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	10	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	45	30	10	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	45	30	10	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	960	435	525	3,620	1,740	1,885
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	0	0	65	30	35
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	65	30	35
Amharic	0	10	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	10	10	10	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	15	10	10
Maltese	0	0	0	40	15	20
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	15	10	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	75	25	55	105	35	70
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	10	0	10
Fijian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	20	10	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	70	20	50	85	25	55
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	0	0	10	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	10	10	10
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	25	0	20
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	15	10	15
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	10
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	735	365	370	2,930	1,435	1,495
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	95	65	30	645	340	300
Baltic languages	0	0	0	60	40	20
Latvian	0	0	0	45	30	20
Lithuanian	0	0	0	15	10	0
Slavic languages	95	60	30	585	305	285
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	20	15	0
Croatian	25	15	10	55	35	20
Czech	0	0	0	40	25	15
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	25	20	10	295	120	175
Russian	20	10	10	85	35	45
Serbian	0	0	0	15	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Slovak	0	0	0	25	10	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	25	25	0
Ukrainian	25	20	0	65	45	20
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	10	0	10	25	15	10
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	10	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	15	10	0
Germanic languages	215	85	135	1,380	640	740
Afrikaans	0	0	0	25	10	15
Danish	25	15	10	45	35	0
Dutch	50	20	30	300	150	150
Frisian	0	0	0	10	10	0
German	150	60	95	1,010	450	560
Icelandic	0	0	0	10	0	0
Norwegian	10	10	0	15	10	10
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Yiddish	0	0	0	10	10	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Greek	0	0	10	60	35	25
Indo-Iranian languages	275	145	130	90	55	35
Indo-Aryan languages	275	145	130	75	50	30
Bengali	0	10	0	10	10	10
Gujarati	0	0	0	35	25	10
Hindi	55	35	20	65	40	25
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	10	0	10	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	245	125	120	10	10	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	25	20	0	10	10	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	15	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	145	70	75	835	395	435
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	45	25	20	250	145	105
Portuguese	40	15	20	105	50	55
Romanian	0	0	0	40	15	25
Spanish	75	30	40	460	200	265
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	15	10	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	75	25	55	55	30	25
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	0	0	20	15	10
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	10	10	10
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	10	0	10	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	25	0	20	90	35	65
American Sign Language	10	0	0	30	10	20
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	0	20	65	25	35
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	10	10	130	45	85
Chinese languages	15	10	10	125	45	85
Cantonese	15	10	10	70	35	30
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	70	30	45
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Burmese	0	0	0	10	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	20	10	10
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	20	10	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	30	20	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	30	15	10
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Uralic languages	15	0	10	195	105	90
Estonian	0	0	0	30	20	10
Finnish	0	0	0	50	15	35
Hungarian	10	0	0	120	75	45
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	10,100	5,070	5,030	58,335	28,875	29,455
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	9,750	4,945	4,805	57,410	28,400	29,010
Canadian citizens aged under 18	2,110	1,105	1,005	9,305	4,740	4,565
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	7,635	3,840	3,795	48,110	23,660	24,445
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	350	120	230	925	480	445
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	10,100	5,065	5,030	58,335	28,880	29,460
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	9,125	4,635	4,490	53,760	26,550	27,210
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	895	400	490	4,515	2,300	2,215
Before 1981	450	245	205	3,140	1,665	1,475
1981 to 1990	95	20	80	415	195	215
1991 to 2000	90	35	55	315	165	150
2001 to 2010	80	30	40	450	195	255
2001 to 2005	50	20	30	200	85	115
2006 to 2010	30	15	15	250	115	140
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	175	60	115	195	85	120
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	75	35	45	65	30	35
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	895	395	495	4,515	2,300	2,215
Under 5 years	85	50	35	700	370	335
5 to 14 years	195	100	95	970	580	390
15 to 24 years	290	110	175	1,250	605	645
25 to 44 years	260	110	150	1,360	660	695
45 years and over	70	30	40	230	80	150
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	890	395	495	4,515	2,300	2,215
Americas	150	65	85	695	345	350
Brazil	0	10	0	10	0	10
Colombia	0	0	0	0	10	10
El Salvador	10	0	0	0	0	0
Guyana	0	10	0	25	10	15
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	10
Jamaica	0	0	0	35	15	25
Mexico	0	0	0	15	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	10	0	10
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	40	30	15
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	125	55	75	465	200	260
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	10	90	75	15
Europe	365	180	180	3,285	1,705	1,580
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	0	0	0	0	0
Croatia	15	15	0	25	20	10
France	0	0	0	25	20	10
Germany	65	35	35	545	280	265
Greece	0	0	0	30	25	10
Hungary	0	0	10	65	40	25
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	15	10	10	65	40	25
Italy	10	10	0	130	85	45
Netherlands	35	15	20	255	150	110
Poland	15	10	10	205	80	125
Portugal	30	10	15	65	35	30
Romania	0	0	0	35	0	30
Russian Federation	10	10	10	40	20	25
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	0	0	0	30	10	15
Ukraine	10	0	10	15	10	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	115	60	55	1,330	655	680
Other places of birth in Europe	30	15	20	420	235	180
Africa	15	0	10	90	45	50
Algeria	0	0	0	10	0	10
Egypt	0	0	0	10	10	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	10	0	0
Nigeria	10	0	10	15	10	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	0	45	15	25
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	10	0	10
Asia	350	145	205	370	175	195
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	15	10	10	75	25	50
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	15	10	0
India	185	75	105	60	35	25
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	10	10	10
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	40	10	25	30	15	15
Lebanon	0	0	0	20	10	10
Pakistan	10	10	0	0	0	10
Philippines	75	25	50	70	30	40
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	10	10	10
Other places of birth in Asia	20	10	10	45	20	25
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	20	0	15	75	35	35
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	180	60	115	195	80	115
Americas	0	0	10	30	15	15
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	10
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	10	0	10	25	15	10
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	10	0	0
Europe	35	20	20	50	25	20
France	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	10	0	10
Russian Federation	10	10	10	10	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	10	0	0	10
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	0	0	0	15	15	10
Other places of birth in Europe	15	15	0	10	10	0
Africa	0	0	10	10	0	10
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	10	0	10	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	10
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0
Asia	130	40	85	105	35	70
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	10	10	0	10	0	10
China^{Census data footnote 59}	0	0	0	10	0	10
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	20	0	15	20	0	15
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	30	10	20	15	10	10
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	75	25	50	50	20	30
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	10
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	10	10	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	10,100	5,065	5,030	58,340	28,880	29,460
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	1,010	460	550	4,850	2,505	2,345
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	1,545	740	805	8,775	4,305	4,470
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	7,545	3,870	3,670	44,710	22,070	22,645
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	460	160	300	1,405	650	760
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	270	105	155	640	305	330
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	100	40	60	270	175	95
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	170	65	105	365	135	235
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	180	45	140	655	265	385
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	10	10	0	115	75	40
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	10,100	5,070	5,035	58,335	28,875	29,460
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	2,065	975	1,095	2,155	1,100	1,050
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	2,050	970	1,085	2,055	1,050	1,005
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	1,620	755	870	1,215	610	605
Métis	430	215	210	825	430	395
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	10	10	10	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	10	0	0	30	20	10
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	10	10	10	70	35	35
Non-Aboriginal identity	8,030	4,095	3,935	56,180	27,775	28,405
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	10,100	5,070	5,030	58,335	28,875	29,460
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	1,380	610	765	940	475	470
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	8,720	4,455	4,260	57,395	28,405	28,990
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	10,100	5,070	5,030	58,340	28,880	29,460
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	810	375	435	435	205	230
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	805	375	430	430	200	230
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	750	355	390	315	140	175
Métis single ancestry	55	20	35	105	55	55
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	10	10	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	0	0	10	0	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	10	0	0	0	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	1,380	680	700	2,980	1,405	1,575
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	1,295	655	640	2,900	1,375	1,525
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	990	510	480	1,970	915	1,055
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	310	150	160	915	455	465
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	20	10	10
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	85	20	65	75	30	50
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	85	25	65	80	30	50
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	7,905	4,015	3,895	54,925	27,270	27,655
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	10,100	5,065	5,035	58,335	28,880	29,455
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	660	285	375	1,090	505	590
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	330	185	150	150	75	80
Chinese	25	10	10	155	60	95
Black	50	10	35	305	160	155
Filipino	80	20	55	115	35	75
Latin American	15	0	20	55	40	15
Arab	0	0	0	10	10	0
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	10	10	0	55	20	35
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	0	0	0	15	10	10
Korean	60	20	40	45	20	25
Japanese	25	10	15	30	25	10
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	20	0	15	100	45	65
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	50	20	30	50	25	30
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	9,440	4,785	4,655	57,245	28,375	28,870
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	10,100	5,070	5,030	58,335	28,880	29,455
North American Aboriginal origins	2,190	1,055	1,140	3,415	1,605	1,805
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,825	885	945	2,360	1,080	1,280
Inuit	0	0	0	25	20	0
Métis	455	190	265	1,105	540	565
Other North American origins	3,025	1,565	1,455	20,490	10,215	10,275
Acadian	0	0	0	55	20	30
American	175	80	95	740	365	380
Canadian	2,925	1,520	1,410	19,970	9,980	9,985
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	80	35	45
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	15	0	15
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Québécois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	7,150	3,615	3,535	47,670	23,410	24,265
British Isles origins	4,900	2,510	2,390	38,600	18,820	19,780
Channel Islander	0	0	0	0	10	0
Cornish	10	0	0	0	0	0
English	2,910	1,455	1,450	25,595	12,425	13,170
Irish	1,805	950	850	15,370	7,240	8,140
Manx	0	0	0	15	0	15
Scottish	2,360	1,125	1,235	16,805	8,045	8,760
Welsh	280	155	130	1,355	660	695
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	175	95	80	1,845	870	975
French origins	1,365	605	760	6,825	3,200	3,625
Alsatian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	1,365	605	760	6,820	3,195	3,625
Western European origins (except French origins)	2,305	1,155	1,150	11,520	5,575	5,945
Austrian	80	35	45	315	140	170
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	60	20	40	175	70	105
Dutch	495	260	235	3,275	1,560	1,715
Flemish	10	0	0	20	0	10
Frisian	0	0	0	10	10	0
German	1,740	885	850	8,080	3,925	4,160
Luxembourger	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss	50	25	30	425	210	215
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	10	0	10	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	930	475	450	1,805	770	1,040
Danish	80	55	25	435	185	245
Finnish	100	55	50	405	160	245
Icelandic	70	30	40	170	70	100
Norwegian	405	200	205	420	175	245
Swedish	345	175	175	400	170	230
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	40	20	15	75	25	50
Eastern European origins	1,445	680	770	4,895	2,330	2,565
Bulgarian	10	10	0	10	10	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Czech	30	10	25	170	95	75
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	0	10	0	105	55	50
Estonian	15	10	0	105	65	45
Hungarian	130	50	80	690	330	355
Latvian	10	10	0	135	65	65
Lithuanian	0	0	0	145	80	60
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	370	170	200	1,845	900	945
Romanian	140	65	70	185	80	100
Russian	280	115	160	450	170	275
Slovak	10	0	10	135	80	55
Ukrainian	705	365	340	1,610	730	880
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	0	0	0	40	20	20
Southern European origins	450	225	225	3,440	1,835	1,605
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	45	30	20	150	80	70
Cypriot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	15	0	15	165	95	70
Italian	280	145	140	2,210	1,175	1,035
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	80	45	30
Maltese	0	0	0	165	70	95
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	55	25	25	365	205	160
Serbian	0	0	0	40	20	15
Sicilian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	60	40	25
Spanish	60	25	35	270	150	120
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	10	0	10	70	30	40
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	75	50	30	245	130	115
Basque	0	0	0	25	10	15
Jewish	15	15	0	120	65	55
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	10	0	10
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	60	30	30	90	60	35
Caribbean origins	15	10	10	430	210	220
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	0	0	0	15	10	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	45	15	30
Bermudan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	10	10	0	15	10	10
Dominican	0	0	0	15	15	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Jamaican	10	0	0	195	95	100
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	45	25	20
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	0	0	0	70	30	35
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	0	0	0	15	10	15
Latin, Central and South American origins	80	45	40	250	120	130
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	15	0	15	30	15	20
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Belizean	0	0	0	15	0	10
Bolivian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	25	15	10
Chilean	15	0	10	15	15	0
Colombian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Costa Rican	0	0	0	10	10	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	10
Guyanese	0	10	0	55	15	40
Hispanic	0	0	0	15	0	10
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maya	0	0	0	20	10	10
Mexican	45	25	20	15	10	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Panamanian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Paraguayan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	0	0	0	15	0	15
African origins	35	10	20	260	155	115
Central and West African origins	20	0	20	15	0	10
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	20	10	15	20	10	10
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	10	0	10	0	0	0
North African origins	0	0	0	15	10	10
Algerian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	0	10	0	105	55	50
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	10	0	10
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
South African	10	0	0	60	25	40
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	25	15	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other African origins	10	0	10	130	85	45
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	0	0	0	15	10	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	0	0	10	115	75	40
Asian origins	625	265	360	850	380	465
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	30	0	25	190	95	90
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	20	15	10
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	10	0	0	15	10	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israeli	10	0	0	10	0	10
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	15	0	20	100	50	45
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	20	0	15
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	10	0
Turk	0	0	0	35	20	15
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins	335	170	160	165	90	80
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	10	10	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	305	150	155	115	65	50
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	15	10	10	0	0	0
Pakistani	15	10	0	35	20	15
Punjabi	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	10	0	10
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	0	0	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	260	95	165	515	205	315
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	10
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese	50	20	30	255	105	145
Filipino	80	30	55	145	40	105
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	25	15	15
Japanese	40	10	25	45	30	15
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	80	25	55	45	20	30
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	15	0	15
Tibetan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	30	10	20
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oceania origins	85	40	45	115	50	65
Australian	35	15	25	45	15	35
New Zealander	10	10	10	65	40	25
Pacific Islands origins	35	25	15	15	10	10
Fijian	30	15	15	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	15	0	10
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	4,440	...	...	25,430	...	...
Owner	2,740	...	...	20,755	...	...
Renter	1,700	...	...	4,635	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	35	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	4,440	...	...	25,435	...	...
Condominium	365	...	...	1,175	...	...
Not condominium	4,075	...	...	24,260	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	4,440	...	...	25,430	...	...
No bedrooms	10	...	...	30	...	...
1 bedroom	420	...	...	2,110	...	...
2 bedrooms	1,290	...	...	5,820	...	...
3 bedrooms	1,425	...	...	10,675	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	1,290	...	...	6,795	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	4,440	...	...	25,430	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	1,130	...	...	4,410	...	...
5 rooms	775	...	...	3,830	...	...
6 rooms	610	...	...	4,475	...	...
7 rooms	530	...	...	4,050	...	...
8 or more rooms	1,390	...	...	8,665	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	4,440	...	...	25,430	...	...
One person or fewer per room	4,395	...	...	25,285	...	...
More than 1 person per room	40	...	...	145	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	4,440	...	...	25,430	...	...
Suitable	4,280	...	...	24,790	...	...
Not suitable	160	...	...	635	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	4,440	...	...	25,435	...	...
1960 or before	425	...	...	6,030	...	...
1961 to 1980	2,605	...	...	7,260	...	...
1981 to 1990	580	...	...	4,170	...	...
1991 to 2000	500	...	...	3,120	...	...
2001 to 2005	105	...	...	1,815	...	...
2006 to 2010	125	...	...	1,810	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	100	...	...	1,220	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	4,440	...	...	25,435	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	4,185	...	...	23,255	...	...
Major repairs needed	260	...	...	2,175	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	4,440	...	...	25,430	...	...
1 household maintainer	2,845	...	...	14,525	...	...
2 household maintainers	1,490	...	...	10,555	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	105	...	...	355	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	4,440	...	...	25,430	...	...
15 to 24 years	280	...	...	385	...	...
25 to 34 years	625	...	...	2,290	...	...
35 to 44 years	765	...	...	3,080	...	...
45 to 54 years	770	...	...	4,640	...	...
55 to 64 years	895	...	...	5,955	...	...
65 to 74 years	620	...	...	5,055	...	...
75 to 84 years	380	...	...	2,955	...	...
85 years and over	105	...	...	1,065	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	4,430	...	...	25,225	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	3,630	...	...	18,855	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	795	...	...	6,370	...	...
30% to less than 100%	710	...	...	5,640	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,740	...	...	20,650	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	55.8	...	...	52.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	8.0	...	...	19.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	733	...	...	1,041	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	879	...	...	1,184	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	219,271	...	...	300,328	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	228,851	...	...	415,170	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,705	...	...	4,625	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	13.5	...	...	17.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	33.9	...	...	50.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	823	...	...	960	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	855	...	...	1,019	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	8,295	4,120	4,175	50,760	25,010	25,750
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,110	1,125	990	9,075	4,875	4,205
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	2,940	1,365	1,575	15,495	7,270	8,220
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,245	1,630	1,615	26,200	12,870	13,325
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	950	740	210	4,700	3,540	1,160
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	375	205	170	2,050	1,315	730
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	575	530	45	2,655	2,225	430
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	1,240	435	800	11,895	4,995	6,900
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	295	100	200	950	425	520
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	760	360	405	8,645	3,910	4,740
Bachelor's degree	515	245	270	6,245	2,655	3,595
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	45	20	25	605	295	310
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	50	20	25	300	195	110
Master's degree	125	60	65	1,305	655	650
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	25	15	15	185	115	75
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	5,350	2,655	2,695	30,500	14,955	15,540
No certificate, diploma or degree	980	530	450	3,655	2,255	1,405
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	1,980	935	1,050	9,250	4,415	4,835
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,390	1,195	1,195	17,595	8,290	9,300
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	700	545	150	2,980	2,265	715
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	255	140	120	1,330	880	450
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	440	405	35	1,650	1,385	265
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	885	300	580	8,445	3,530	4,910
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	205	75	135	420	195	220
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	595	275	325	5,750	2,295	3,455
Bachelor's degree	400	195	210	4,265	1,645	2,620
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	40	10	25	405	165	240
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	30	15	20	175	85	85
Master's degree	115	50	65	820	365	455
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	0	0	10	85	35	50
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	8,295	4,120	4,175	50,765	25,010	25,750
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	5,050	2,490	2,560	24,570	12,140	12,425
Education	240	50	190	1,880	520	1,360
13. Education	240	45	190	1,880	520	1,360
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	90	40	50	980	385	600
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	15	10	0	170	120	50
50. Visual and performing arts	75	25	45	815	265	550
Humanities	120	55	65	1,390	560	830
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	15	0	10	105	20	85
23. English language and literature/letters	35	10	25	325	80	245
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	30	10	20	370	165	205
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	15	0	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	10	0	120	50	65
39. Theology and religious vocations	30	25	10	175	105	70
54. History	10	0	10	230	130	105
55. French language and literature/letters	0	0	0	55	10	45
Social and behavioural sciences and law	235	75	155	3,025	945	2,085
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	35	10	25
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	15	10	10	215	65	150
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	65	0	65	685	40	645
22. Legal professions and studies	60	25	40	540	170	370
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	10	0	10	65	15	50
42. Psychology	25	15	10	475	135	340
45. Social sciences	55	25	30	1,020	510	505
Business, management and public administration	515	120	395	4,635	1,745	2,895
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	10	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	50	15	35	455	80	380
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	460	105	355	4,180	1,670	2,505
Physical and life sciences and technologies	60	35	25	680	390	290
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	20	15	10	330	160	175
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	130	65	65
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	0	10	0
40. Physical sciences	30	25	10	160	135	25
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	10	50	20	30
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	50	35	15	470	215	255
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	45	30	10	310	160	145
25. Library science	10	0	10	50	0	50
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	95	40	50
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	20	10	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	890	865	30	5,710	5,475	240
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	210	175	35
14. Engineering	85	75	0	580	535	45
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	65	65	0	975	915	60
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	265	245	15	1,640	1,630	15
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	325	320	0	1,660	1,625	35
48. Precision production	155	155	0	655	600	50
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	170	120	50	910	660	250
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	45	10	40	375	245	130
03. Natural resources and conservation	125	110	10	535	410	125
Health and related fields	595	105	490	4,375	855	3,515
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	35	25	10	555	265	290
51. Health professions and related programs	560	80	485	3,780	555	3,225
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	0	0	0	35	35	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	280	130	145	2,140	1,135	1,000
12. Personal and culinary services	180	40	150	1,100	320	780
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	0	0	20	20	0
43. Security and protective services	20	20	0	635	460	180
49. Transportation and materials moving	70	70	0	370	335	35
Other	0	0	0	10	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	5,350	2,655	2,695	30,500	14,955	15,545
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	2,965	1,460	1,500	12,905	6,665	6,240
Education	175	40	135	1,070	265	805
13. Education	175	40	135	1,070	265	805
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	75	35	40	670	235	430
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	10	10	10	90	65	20
50. Visual and performing arts	65	25	40	575	165	410
Humanities	95	35	60	840	325	515
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	10	0	15	60	10	50
23. English language and literature/letters	25	0	25	225	40	185
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	30	10	20	185	85	95
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	15	0	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	75	40	35
39. Theology and religious vocations	15	15	0	100	50	45
54. History	10	10	10	155	95	60
55. French language and literature/letters	0	0	0	35	0	30
Social and behavioural sciences and law	180	60	120	2,180	595	1,585
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	10	0	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	15	10	10	170	45	125
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	45	10	45	550	25	515
22. Legal professions and studies	50	10	35	420	95	325
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	0	10	0	55	15	40
42. Psychology	15	10	10	315	70	245
45. Social sciences	50	25	20	665	340	320
Business, management and public administration	370	90	280	3,035	1,070	1,960
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	45	15	30	325	50	270
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	325	70	250	2,710	1,025	1,690
Physical and life sciences and technologies	20	10	15	450	225	225
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	10	0	0	265	135	135
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	10	100	45	60
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	10	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	45	25	15
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	10	30	15	15
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	35	30	15	305	140	165
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	35	20	15	225	115	110
25. Library science	0	0	0	15	0	20
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	50	15	35
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	10	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	665	640	20	3,795	3,580	215
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	155	120	35
14. Engineering	75	70	10	330	290	45
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	50	50	0	685	635	50
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	185	175	15	1,090	1,075	15
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	245	240	10	1,055	1,020	35
48. Precision production	105	105	0	480	440	35
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	120	75	40	715	505	210
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	40	10	30	280	185	90
03. Natural resources and conservation	80	70	10	440	315	120
Health and related fields	430	85	345	2,965	550	2,415
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	30	30	0	420	185	235
51. Health professions and related programs	400	60	345	2,520	340	2,175
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	0	0	0	25	25	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	215	105	110	1,570	785	785
12. Personal and culinary services	145	30	115	845	255	590
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	10	10	0
43. Security and protective services	20	15	0	480	325	155
49. Transportation and materials moving	55	55	0	225	200	30
Other	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	8,295	4,120	4,175	50,760	25,015	25,750
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	5,050	2,490	2,560	24,565	12,140	12,430
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	3,245	1,630	1,615	26,195	12,870	13,325
Location of study inside Canada	3,005	1,530	1,480	24,410	11,970	12,440
Same as province or territory of residence	2,500	1,250	1,250	23,195	11,415	11,785
Different than province or territory of residence	505	280	225	1,210	560	650
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	240	105	135	1,785	900	885
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	70	35	35	635	315	320
Philippines	20	10	10	55	15	40
India	10	0	10	20	15	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	50	10	35	380	175	200
China^{Census data footnote 162}	0	0	0	10	0	10
France	0	0	0	10	0	0
Other	90	40	50	680	375	310
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	5,350	2,655	2,695	30,500	14,955	15,545
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,965	1,460	1,500	12,905	6,670	6,240
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	2,385	1,195	1,195	17,590	8,290	9,305
Location of study inside Canada	2,215	1,130	1,085	16,715	7,905	8,810
Same as province or territory of residence	1,870	955	915	15,895	7,505	8,385
Different than province or territory of residence	340	175	165	825	395	420
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	175	65	105	875	385	495
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	50	15	25	315	145	180
Philippines	20	10	15	50	15	30
India	10	0	10	20	15	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	30	10	20	165	80	85
China^{Census data footnote 162}	0	0	0	10	0	10
France	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other	65	25	40	310	130	185
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	8,295	4,120	4,175	50,760	25,010	25,750
In the labour force	5,425	2,980	2,455	30,515	16,025	14,495
Employed	5,020	2,695	2,320	28,345	14,780	13,560
Unemployed	410	285	130	2,175	1,245	930
Not in the labour force	2,865	1,140	1,725	20,250	8,990	11,260
Participation rate	65.4	72.3	58.8	60.1	64.1	56.3
Employment rate	60.5	65.4	55.6	55.8	59.1	52.7
Unemployment rate	7.6	9.6	5.3	7.1	7.8	6.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	8,295	4,120	4,175	50,765	25,015	25,750
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	2,620	1,050	1,575	17,900	7,810	10,095
Worked	5,675	3,070	2,600	32,860	17,205	15,655
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	2,715	1,620	1,100	16,135	9,255	6,885
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	2,960	1,455	1,505	16,720	7,950	8,770
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.0	42.4	41.5	41.7	41.9	41.6
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	5,430	2,980	2,450	30,520	16,025	14,490
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	105	55	50	385	200	190
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	5,320	2,920	2,405	30,130	15,825	14,305
Employee	4,855	2,655	2,200	24,820	12,400	12,420
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	465	265	200	5,305	3,420	1,885
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	5,430	2,980	2,455	30,515	16,025	14,490
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	105	60	45	390	200	185
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	5,325	2,920	2,405	30,130	15,825	14,305
0 Management occupations	475	255	220	3,465	2,165	1,295
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	575	120	460	3,785	990	2,795
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	225	175	50	1,210	950	265
3 Health occupations	295	25	265	1,935	335	1,600
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	475	130	340	2,945	870	2,075
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	55	25	25	830	295	540
6 Sales and service occupations	1,310	415	895	7,790	2,925	4,865
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,160	1,120	35	6,340	5,900	435
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	360	310	50	905	675	225
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	405	340	60	925	710	205
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	5,430	2,980	2,450	30,520	16,025	14,490
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	110	55	50	390	205	185
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	5,325	2,920	2,405	30,130	15,820	14,305
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	350	285	65	295	180	115
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	345	320	25	170	165	10
22 Utilities	25	10	10	275	250	25
23 Construction	350	310	40	4,510	3,960	550
31-33 Manufacturing	595	520	75	1,720	1,305	415
41 Wholesale trade	145	125	20	745	535	210
44-45 Retail trade	735	310	430	4,525	1,940	2,585
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	260	210	45	1,035	755	275
51 Information and cultural industries	45	25	25	395	195	205
52 Finance and insurance	130	40	90	625	220	405
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	90	50	45	815	445	375
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	225	95	130	1,605	830	775
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0	0	10
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	200	85	110	1,675	970	710
61 Educational services	285	115	165	1,590	425	1,165
62 Health care and social assistance	585	75	515	3,270	480	2,790
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	60	10	50	1,125	640	485
72 Accommodation and food services	465	145	320	2,820	1,100	1,715
81 Other services (except public administration)	205	100	105	1,200	580	615
91 Public administration	230	95	135	1,710	840	875
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	5,020	2,695	2,325	28,340	14,780	13,560
Worked at home	170	75	100	2,770	1,320	1,450
Worked outside Canada	15	10	0	105	50	55
No fixed workplace address	650	505	145	5,000	3,925	1,080
Worked at usual place	4,180	2,100	2,080	20,465	9,490	10,980
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	4,180	2,100	2,075	20,465	9,490	10,975
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	3,185	1,480	1,705	11,915	5,120	6,795
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	905	565	345	5,240	2,535	2,705
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	75	50	25	3,205	1,775	1,435
Commute to a different province or territory	10	0	0	100	55	45
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	4,830	2,605	2,220	25,470	13,415	12,055
Car, truck, van - as a driver	3,770	2,020	1,745	21,610	11,560	10,050
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	345	185	165	1,950	940	1,015
Public transit	260	180	80	225	95	130
Walked	310	120	190	1,310	585	725
Bicycle	80	60	25	90	70	15
Other method	60	40	20	285	165	120
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	4,830	2,605	2,220	25,470	13,415	12,060
Less than 15 minutes	3,380	1,615	1,770	9,505	4,150	5,355
15 to 29 minutes	765	435	330	8,315	4,205	4,105
30 to 44 minutes	145	85	65	4,410	2,680	1,730
45 to 59 minutes	185	175	0	1,455	980	470
60 minutes and over	355	305	55	1,790	1,390	395
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	4,830	2,610	2,220	25,470	13,410	12,060
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	490	420	70	1,400	990	410
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	660	440	225	4,400	3,140	1,260
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,205	660	545	7,790	4,510	3,285
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,085	415	665	6,205	2,365	3,840
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	510	125	390	2,615	970	1,640
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	885	545	340	3,065	1,445	1,615
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	5,900	3,150	2,755	33,700	17,630	16,060
Single responses	5,875	3,140	2,730	33,585	17,580	16,010
Official languages	5,865	3,140	2,730	33,555	17,555	15,995
English	5,865	3,140	2,730	33,475	17,540	15,935
French	0	10	0	80	15	60
Non-official languages	10	0	0	35	20	15
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	10	0	0	30	20	10
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	10	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	10	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	10	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cantonese	0	0	0	10	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	10	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	30	10	20	110	55	55
English and French	15	0	10	55	30	25
English and non-official language	15	10	10	55	20	30
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	10	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	5,900	3,150	2,750	33,700	17,630	16,065
None	5,855	3,140	2,715	33,270	17,475	15,795
English	0	0	0	60	15	40
French	10	0	10	250	70	180
Non-official language	40	10	25	120	70	50
Aboriginal	25	0	20	15	0	10
Non-Aboriginal	10	0	0	100	65	35
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	10	10	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	9,995	5,030	4,965	57,910	28,665	29,245
Non-movers	8,240	4,210	4,030	51,485	25,635	25,850
Movers	1,755	815	940	6,430	3,030	3,400
Non-migrants	1,140	560	585	2,625	1,205	1,420
Migrants	610	260	355	3,800	1,825	1,980
Internal migrants	545	235	310	3,685	1,790	1,895
Intraprovincial migrants	470	195	275	3,445	1,655	1,785
Interprovincial migrants	70	40	30	245	135	110
External migrants	65	20	45	110	35	80
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	9,540	4,725	4,815	56,035	27,760	28,275
Non-movers	5,410	2,695	2,715	37,000	18,435	18,565
Movers	4,130	2,035	2,100	19,035	9,320	9,715
Non-migrants	2,475	1,250	1,225	8,465	4,100	4,365
Migrants	1,655	780	875	10,570	5,220	5,350
Internal migrants	1,465	705	760	10,195	5,050	5,150
Intraprovincial migrants	1,165	550	610	9,650	4,750	4,900
Interprovincial migrants	300	155	145	535	290	250
External migrants	190	80	120	380	175	205

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Williams Lake [Population centre], British Columbia and Muskoka, DM [Census division], Ontario (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 9, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Williams Lake [Population centre], British Columbia and Muskoka, District municipality [Census division], Ontario

Census Profile, 2016 Census Williams Lake [Population centre], British Columbia and Muskoka, District municipality [Census division], Ontario

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How to cite

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Williams Lake [Population centre], British Columbia and Muskoka, District municipality [Census division], Ontario