Census Profile, 2016 Census
Windsor [Population centre], Ontario and Alberta [Province]

Feedback

Charts (using rates) Download Hierarchies

The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Windsor Ontario [Population centre]			Alberta [Province]
	Data quality , Windsor [Population centre], Ontario Map : Windsor [Population centre], Ontario Change geography 1			Data quality : Alberta [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	287,069	...	...	4,067,175	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	277,970 ^r	...	...	3,645,257	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	3.3	...	...	11.6	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	123,293	...	...	1,654,129	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	116,706	...	...	1,527,678	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,629.1	...	...	6.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	176.21	...	...	640,330.46	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	287,070	140,190	146,885	4,067,175	2,039,410	2,027,765
0 to 14 years	48,265	24,695	23,575	779,155	399,570	379,580
0 to 4 years	14,600	7,470	7,125	266,515	136,520	129,995
5 to 9 years	16,395	8,325	8,070	270,715	138,990	131,725
10 to 14 years	17,275	8,895	8,380	241,920	124,060	117,860
15 to 64 years	189,720	93,640	96,085	2,787,805	1,408,150	1,379,655
15 to 19 years	18,275	9,385	8,890	240,035	123,625	116,410
20 to 24 years	20,435	10,630	9,805	261,830	133,990	127,840
25 to 29 years	17,745	8,950	8,795	310,940	156,715	154,225
30 to 34 years	16,090	7,650	8,440	333,175	167,555	165,620
35 to 39 years	16,770	7,895	8,870	305,505	153,655	151,850
40 to 44 years	18,850	9,060	9,790	281,205	142,545	138,660
45 to 49 years	20,275	9,945	10,330	269,030	135,855	133,180
50 to 54 years	22,205	11,000	11,200	284,310	142,205	142,100
55 to 59 years	21,015	10,400	10,615	275,540	138,565	136,970
60 to 64 years	18,070	8,715	9,355	226,230	113,440	112,790
65 years and over	49,080	21,855	27,225	500,215	231,690	268,530
65 to 69 years	16,000	7,545	8,450	173,680	85,500	88,180
70 to 74 years	11,310	5,430	5,890	117,035	56,430	60,610
75 to 79 years	8,650	3,880	4,770	83,955	39,105	44,845
80 to 84 years	6,320	2,715	3,605	62,165	27,590	34,575
85 years and over	6,800	2,285	4,510	63,385	23,065	40,320
85 to 89 years	4,245	1,600	2,645	39,965	16,050	23,915
90 to 94 years	2,005	570	1,430	18,025	5,755	12,275
95 to 99 years	475	95	380	4,735	1,145	3,595
100 years and over	70	20	50	650	115	535
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.8	17.6	16.0	19.2	19.6	18.7
15 to 64 years	66.1	66.8	65.4	68.5	69.0	68.0
65 years and over	17.1	15.6	18.5	12.3	11.4	13.2
85 years and over	2.4	1.6	3.1	1.6	1.1	2.0
Average age of the population	41.0	39.9	42.0	37.8	37.2	38.4
Median age of the population	41.6	40.5	42.6	36.7	36.2	37.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	116,705	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
Single-detached house	76,395	...	...	946,225	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	12,755	...	...	62,395	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	27,315	...	...	471,090	...	...
Semi-detached house	5,440	...	...	86,765	...	...
Row house	6,955	...	...	116,625	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	3,935	...	...	43,090	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	10,850	...	...	223,360	...	...
Other single-attached house	135	...	...	1,245	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	235	...	...	47,970	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	116,705	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
1 person	35,640	...	...	366,080	...	...
2 persons	37,135	...	...	524,415	...	...
3 persons	17,680	...	...	245,075	...	...
4 persons	16,165	...	...	233,770	...	...
5 or more persons	10,085	...	...	158,335	...	...
Number of persons in private households	283,385	...	...	3,978,145	...	...
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	238,800	115,495	123,315	3,288,020	1,639,835	1,648,185
Married or living common law	128,520	64,195	64,330	1,969,300	988,410	980,895
Married	111,535	55,710	55,820	1,648,945	828,155	820,790
Living common law	16,990	8,480	8,505	320,350	160,250	160,100
Not married and not living common law	110,280	51,300	58,980	1,318,720	651,430	667,290
Never married	70,690	38,270	32,420	905,700	505,310	400,390
Separated	7,655	3,260	4,390	76,150	34,000	42,150
Divorced	16,920	6,815	10,100	195,850	82,040	113,815
Widowed	15,020	2,955	12,065	141,020	30,080	110,940
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	79,050	...	...	1,114,585	...	...
2 persons	38,265	...	...	540,850	...	...
3 persons	17,275	...	...	235,245	...	...
4 persons	15,745	...	...	227,165	...	...
5 or more persons	7,765	...	...	111,330	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	79,050	...	...	1,114,585	...	...
Total couple families	62,850	...	...	953,325	...	...
Married couples	54,360	...	...	793,195	...	...
Common-law couples	8,490	...	...	160,130	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	16,200	...	...	161,260	...	...
Female parent	13,110	...	...	123,490	...	...
Male parent	3,095	...	...	37,770	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	62,850	...	...	953,325	...	...
Couples without children	28,740	...	...	443,665	...	...
Couples with children	34,105	...	...	509,655	...	...
1 child	12,565	...	...	190,010	...	...
2 children	14,320	...	...	213,910	...	...
3 or more children	7,220	...	...	105,735	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	16,205	...	...	161,260	...	...
1 child	9,525	...	...	97,180	...	...
2 children	4,705	...	...	45,235	...	...
3 or more children	1,970	...	...	18,845	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	50,195	24,510	25,685	678,535	356,875	321,655
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	116,710	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
One-census-family households	74,995	...	...	1,039,985	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	27,230	...	...	414,570	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	47,765	...	...	625,415	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	1,980	...	...	36,120	...	...
Non-census-family households	39,730	...	...	451,570	...	...
One-person households	35,635	...	...	366,080	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	4,095	...	...	85,490	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	284,570	139,260	145,305	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140
English only	249,915	124,160	125,750	3,698,765	1,869,670	1,829,095
French only	380	155	225	3,895	1,725	2,165
English and French	28,290	12,595	15,690	264,720	124,400	140,315
Neither English nor French	5,990	2,355	3,640	59,280	24,715	34,565
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	284,570	139,260	145,305	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140
English	269,140	132,580	136,560	3,880,685	1,950,980	1,929,705
French	7,225	3,295	3,935	71,535	37,205	34,330
English and French	2,325	1,095	1,235	16,605	8,350	8,255
Neither English nor French	5,875	2,295	3,575	57,830	23,970	33,860
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	8,395	3,840	4,550	79,840	41,380	38,455
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	3.0	2.8	3.1	2.0	2.0	1.9
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	284,570	139,265	145,305	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140
Single responses	277,140	135,650	141,490	3,934,580	1,975,615	1,958,970
Official languages	207,760	102,025	105,735	3,063,640	1,552,475	1,511,165
English	200,245	98,595	101,655	2,991,485	1,515,025	1,476,460
French	7,515	3,430	4,085	72,150	37,450	34,705
Non-official languages	69,380	33,625	35,755	870,940	423,140	447,805
Aboriginal languages	50	20	25	23,835	11,290	12,550
Algonquian languages	25	10	15	18,295	8,665	9,630
Blackfoot	0	0	0	2,750	1,305	1,445
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	5	5	14,960	7,105	7,850
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	5	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	10	0	5
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	50	15	35
Plains Cree	0	0	0	720	280	435
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	50	20	35
Woods Cree	0	0	0	910	430	480
Cree, n.o.s.	10	5	5	13,220	6,355	6,865
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	5	30	15	15
Malecite	0	0	0	0	5	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	35	20	15
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	10	10	550	235	315
Algonquin	5	0	0	5	0	5
Ojibway	15	10	10	525	230	300
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	15	5	15
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	1,865	865	1,000
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	1,855	860	990
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	35	15	15
Carrier	0	0	0	15	0	15
Chilcotin	0	0	0	5	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	1,470	710	760
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	40	10	30
Gwich'in	0	0	0	15	5	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	70	20	45
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	200	90	115
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	10	5	10
South Slavey	0	0	0	155	70	80
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35	15	25
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	5	0	120	35	85
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	25	5	10
Inuktitut	0	0	0	60	20	45
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	35	10	30
Iroquoian languages	5	5	0	10	10	5
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	5	5	5
Oneida	0	0	0	0	5	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	5
Kutenai	0	0	0	5	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	80	45	35
Salish languages	0	0	0	15	5	10
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	5	5
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	5	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Siouan languages	0	0	0	3,370	1,630	1,745
Dakota	0	0	0	350	165	185
Stoney	0	0	0	3,020	1,460	1,555
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	15	5	5
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	5	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	15	10	5	55	30	25
Non-Aboriginal languages	69,330	33,605	35,725	847,105	411,850	435,255
Afro-Asiatic languages	17,460	8,680	8,780	68,415	36,215	32,200
Berber languages	5	5	5	340	190	145
Kabyle	10	5	5	165	90	75
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	175	100	75
Cushitic languages	575	250	325	12,525	6,495	6,030
Bilen	0	0	0	315	185	130
Oromo	50	25	25	2,650	1,375	1,275
Somali	525	220	300	9,520	4,915	4,605
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	20	20
Semitic languages	16,865	8,425	8,440	55,425	29,450	25,980
Amharic	95	50	45	7,320	3,605	3,720
Arabic	13,435	6,735	6,700	40,540	21,840	18,705
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	460	230	235	400	210	190
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	2,400	1,170	1,235	145	80	65
Harari	5	0	0	260	135	120
Hebrew	20	10	10	960	505	460
Maltese	185	100	85	75	30	40
Tigrigna	130	60	65	5,415	2,880	2,535
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	135	70	70	305	155	145
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	130	80	50
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,240	1,070	1,170	25,295	11,760	13,535
Khmer (Cambodian)	365	170	200	1,925	910	1,010
Vietnamese	1,870	900	970	23,350	10,840	12,505
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	25	10	15
Austronesian languages	2,110	840	1,265	115,405	50,190	65,210
Bikol	10	5	0	425	205	225
Cebuano	80	30	50	5,135	2,155	2,980
Fijian	0	0	0	125	75	50
Hiligaynon	30	5	20	1,500	640	855
Ilocano	70	30	45	5,350	2,310	3,040
Malagasy	5	0	5	35	10	25
Malay	50	30	25	1,460	615	845
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	10	10	765	370	390
Pangasinan	5	5	5	290	115	175
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,805	715	1,090	99,035	43,120	55,920
Waray-Waray	0	0	5	305	145	160
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	35	15	15	980	430	550
Creole languages	190	85	110	1,895	990	910
Haitian Creole	10	0	5	95	45	50
Creole, n.o.s.	155	65	90	1,175	640	540
Creole languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	625	305	325
Dravidian languages	675	380	295	13,490	7,075	6,415
Kannada	30	15	15	535	270	265
Malayalam	175	95	80	6,345	3,285	3,060
Tamil	290	155	130	4,430	2,360	2,070
Telugu	155	105	55	2,130	1,135	995
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	50	25	25
Hmong-Mien languages	5	5	0	105	55	45
Indo-European languages	36,395	17,540	18,855	442,685	220,330	222,355
Albanian	935	455	480	2,345	1,270	1,075
Armenian	195	85	110	500	250	245
Balto-Slavic languages	10,865	5,110	5,760	80,330	37,750	42,580
Baltic languages	65	25	40	1,010	475	535
Latvian	15	5	10	415	195	220
Lithuanian	50	15	30	600	285	315
Slavic languages	10,805	5,085	5,715	79,325	37,275	42,050
Belarusan	0	0	0	65	30	30
Bosnian	315	155	160	1,835	915	920
Bulgarian	105	45	60	1,545	790	755
Croatian	1,630	780	850	4,655	2,340	2,320
Czech	155	65	90	3,000	1,430	1,575
Macedonian	1,110	545	570	360	185	175
Polish	2,775	1,280	1,500	20,130	9,425	10,705
Russian	530	225	310	17,810	8,150	9,665
Serbian	2,670	1,340	1,330	4,020	2,035	1,985
Serbo-Croatian	200	90	110	970	480	485
Slovak	590	270	320	2,185	1,070	1,115
Slovene (Slovenian)	135	55	80	695	320	370
Ukrainian	495	200	300	21,835	9,985	11,850
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	75	40	35	215	120	100
Celtic languages	20	5	10	370	200	170
Scottish Gaelic	10	5	5	135	70	65
Welsh	5	0	5	175	85	80
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	65	40	25
Germanic languages	1,905	855	1,045	104,260	51,525	52,735
Afrikaans	25	10	15	3,010	1,475	1,535
Danish	40	15	25	2,380	1,245	1,135
Dutch	320	155	165	16,135	8,095	8,045
Frisian	10	5	5	360	200	160
German	1,430	635	795	80,050	39,435	40,615
Icelandic	0	0	0	115	55	60
Norwegian	0	0	5	815	370	445
Swedish	10	5	5	875	405	470
Vlaams (Flemish)	40	15	25	320	150	170
Yiddish	20	10	10	140	70	70
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	30	25
Greek	980	490	490	3,130	1,655	1,475
Indo-Iranian languages	8,160	4,235	3,925	166,805	85,250	81,560
Indo-Aryan languages	7,310	3,825	3,490	145,900	74,320	71,580
Bengali	635	320	320	7,000	3,630	3,370
Gujarati	740	435	310	13,140	6,785	6,355
Hindi	690	385	305	17,055	8,675	8,385
Kashmiri	5	5	5	105	60	50
Konkani	5	5	5	370	190	185
Marathi	70	45	30	1,510	775	730
Nepali	455	220	235	5,175	2,690	2,490
Oriya (Odia)	5	0	0	190	100	90
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,345	1,220	1,125	68,695	34,935	33,760
Sindhi	35	15	20	2,770	1,300	1,475
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	105	50	55	2,590	1,320	1,265
Urdu	2,215	1,125	1,085	27,295	13,865	13,430
Iranian languages	805	390	415	19,600	10,235	9,365
Kurdish	135	75	60	1,550	845	705
Pashto	45	15	30	2,560	1,320	1,235
Persian (Farsi)	620	295	325	15,490	8,070	7,425
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	1,310	695	615
Italic (Romance) languages	13,325	6,295	7,025	84,940	42,425	42,515
Catalan	0	0	0	75	30	45
Italian	7,535	3,625	3,910	11,375	5,760	5,615
Portuguese	680	320	365	9,050	4,380	4,670
Romanian	2,100	1,000	1,100	8,035	4,080	3,955
Spanish	2,975	1,335	1,635	56,370	28,160	28,205
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	35	20	15
Japanese	75	35	45	4,875	1,715	3,160
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	230	130	105
Georgian	5	0	0	230	130	100
Korean	440	220	225	17,920	8,485	9,435
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	545	255	290
Mongolian	0	0	0	540	255	290
Niger-Congo languages	775	370	410	15,360	7,870	7,495
Akan (Twi)	85	45	35	1,755	915	835
Bamanankan	0	0	0	35	20	15
Edo	15	10	10	275	155	120
Ewe	15	10	5	245	145	100
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	5	230	120	100
Ga	5	5	0	145	80	65
Ganda	25	15	5	280	145	135
Igbo	50	20	30	1,165	625	540
Lingala	25	10	15	270	130	140
Rundi (Kirundi)	30	15	15	605	305	295
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	65	30	30	805	405	400
Shona	10	5	5	1,100	545	555
Swahili	205	90	115	2,380	1,160	1,215
Wolof	10	0	5	280	165	110
Yoruba	135	65	65	2,435	1,305	1,125
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	115	50	60	3,370	1,640	1,735
Nilo-Saharan languages	185	95	85	2,720	1,395	1,330
Dinka	50	20	25	1,345	705	640
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	135	75	60	1,375	685	690
Sign languages	80	35	45	830	440	390
American Sign Language	35	20	20	335	165	165
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	45	15	30	495	275	225
Sino-Tibetan languages	6,815	3,385	3,425	122,450	57,740	64,705
Chinese languages	6,570	3,260	3,305	120,375	56,675	63,700
Cantonese	1,970	970	1,000	59,145	27,755	31,385
Hakka	25	15	15	990	465	530
Mandarin	3,910	1,940	1,970	50,660	23,940	26,720
Min Dong	5	0	0	115	50	65
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	90	40	45	3,060	1,375	1,695
Wu (Shanghainese)	60	25	40	630	305	330
Chinese, n.o.s.	515	270	245	5,725	2,770	2,955
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	40	15	25
Tibeto-Burman languages	240	125	115	2,075	1,065	1,005
Burmese	40	25	15	430	230	200
Karenic languages	190	90	95	795	415	380
Tibetan	0	0	0	575	295	275
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	275	130	140
Tai-Kadai languages	180	80	105	2,670	955	1,710
Lao	150	70	80	1,020	485	535
Thai	35	5	25	1,630	465	1,165
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	20	10	15
Turkic languages	450	215	235	4,050	2,250	1,800
Azerbaijani	20	10	10	365	215	155
Turkish	365	180	185	3,140	1,760	1,375
Uyghur	40	15	25	130	70	60
Uzbek	10	5	5	205	115	90
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	215	95	120
Uralic languages	1,225	560	665	7,470	3,600	3,870
Estonian	10	0	5	190	90	105
Finnish	85	40	45	810	330	480
Hungarian	1,135	520	615	6,470	3,185	3,285
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	35	20	25	690	415	280
Multiple responses	7,430	3,610	3,820	92,070	44,900	47,175
English and French	1,370	635	740	10,230	4,950	5,280
English and non-official language	5,445	2,710	2,740	77,520	37,815	39,705
French and non-official language	355	160	195	2,685	1,375	1,305
English, French and non-official language	255	110	140	1,640	760	880
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	284,570	139,265	145,305	4,026,655	2,020,510	2,006,145
Single responses	269,235	131,765	137,475	3,837,615	1,928,230	1,909,385
Official languages	233,245	114,550	118,695	3,354,885	1,690,490	1,664,395
English	231,025	113,550	117,470	3,327,255	1,676,360	1,650,895
French	2,225	1,000	1,225	27,630	14,130	13,500
Non-official languages	35,995	17,215	18,780	482,725	237,740	244,990
Aboriginal languages	15	10	5	9,970	4,940	5,020
Algonquian languages	5	0	5	7,175	3,575	3,605
Blackfoot	0	0	0	1,110	555	555
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	5,875	2,925	2,945
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	20	10	10
Plains Cree	0	0	0	125	60	60
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	5	0	5
Woods Cree	0	0	0	600	300	295
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5,120	2,540	2,575
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	190	95	95
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	185	90	95
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	620	320	300
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	620	325	300
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	10	5	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	540	280	260
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	5	0	5
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	60	35	30
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	55	30	25
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Iroquoian languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	10	5	5
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	2,125	1,025	1,095
Dakota	0	0	0	175	85	85
Stoney	0	0	0	1,945	935	1,010
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	15	5	5	25	15	10
Non-Aboriginal languages	35,980	17,205	18,770	472,760	232,800	239,965
Afro-Asiatic languages	10,585	5,070	5,515	43,770	22,535	21,235
Berber languages	5	0	5	200	105	95
Kabyle	5	0	0	90	45	40
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	60	45
Cushitic languages	375	155	220	9,220	4,750	4,470
Bilen	0	0	0	280	160	115
Oromo	30	15	10	2,075	1,060	1,015
Somali	345	140	210	6,850	3,520	3,325
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	15	5	10
Semitic languages	10,205	4,910	5,290	34,310	17,660	16,655
Amharic	45	20	25	4,915	2,390	2,530
Arabic	8,170	3,950	4,220	24,230	12,555	11,675
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	300	145	160	260	130	130
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	1,500	710	790	95	50	40
Harari	5	0	0	165	80	85
Hebrew	0	0	0	460	235	225
Maltese	30	15	15	15	10	10
Tigrigna	55	25	30	3,955	2,095	1,860
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	95	45	50	210	110	100
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	20
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,455	680	775	16,355	7,635	8,715
Khmer (Cambodian)	195	90	105	960	460	500
Vietnamese	1,260	595	665	15,380	7,175	8,205
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	15	0	10
Austronesian languages	925	410	515	60,860	28,765	32,100
Bikol	5	0	0	70	40	35
Cebuano	35	15	15	2,110	1,015	1,090
Fijian	0	0	0	45	25	20
Hiligaynon	5	5	5	470	215	255
Ilocano	15	5	5	1,975	935	1,035
Malagasy	0	0	0	20	10	10
Malay	15	5	5	405	205	195
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	5	220	110	110
Pangasinan	0	0	0	45	20	30
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	820	365	460	55,105	26,005	29,100
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	125	60	60
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	280	120	155
Creole languages	125	55	70	970	495	475
Haitian Creole	0	0	5	50	25	25
Creole, n.o.s.	115	55	65	655	345	310
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	270	125	140
Dravidian languages	340	175	165	8,460	4,335	4,125
Kannada	10	5	5	210	105	105
Malayalam	85	40	40	4,060	2,070	1,990
Tamil	165	85	80	2,915	1,515	1,395
Telugu	70	40	25	1,245	635	615
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	30	10	15
Hmong-Mien languages	5	5	0	70	35	35
Indo-European languages	16,095	7,645	8,450	230,270	115,280	114,995
Albanian	455	225	230	1,060	570	485
Armenian	95	40	60	215	115	105
Balto-Slavic languages	4,595	2,165	2,425	30,220	14,820	15,400
Baltic languages	15	0	10	410	210	200
Latvian	0	0	5	165	85	80
Lithuanian	10	5	5	250	125	120
Slavic languages	4,580	2,165	2,415	29,815	14,610	15,205
Belarusan	0	0	0	15	10	5
Bosnian	160	80	85	785	400	385
Bulgarian	35	20	20	825	415	405
Croatian	525	245	285	1,800	905	895
Czech	50	25	30	875	440	430
Macedonian	505	255	255	175	90	85
Polish	1,210	570	640	7,705	3,675	4,030
Russian	275	120	155	10,145	4,965	5,175
Serbian	1,415	690	725	2,100	1,045	1,055
Serbo-Croatian	90	45	50	315	160	155
Slovak	180	85	100	710	345	365
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	15	15	150	70	75
Ukrainian	70	25	45	4,180	2,060	2,110
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	20	5	15	55	30	25
Celtic languages	0	0	0	40	25	15
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	15	15	5
Welsh	0	0	0	15	5	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	10	5	0
Germanic languages	175	80	95	40,915	20,280	20,625
Afrikaans	5	5	5	1,705	835	875
Danish	5	0	5	150	75	75
Dutch	15	5	10	1,980	985	1,000
Frisian	0	0	0	60	30	30
German	145	70	75	36,295	18,010	18,290
Icelandic	0	0	0	30	15	15
Norwegian	0	0	0	60	20	35
Swedish	5	0	0	145	65	80
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0	60	30	25
Yiddish	0	0	5	15	5	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	425	215	210
Greek	375	180	195	1,015	490	525
Indo-Iranian languages	5,155	2,600	2,555	111,975	56,535	55,445
Indo-Aryan languages	4,670	2,380	2,295	98,610	49,790	48,815
Bengali	380	185	190	4,530	2,300	2,225
Gujarati	465	270	195	8,025	4,085	3,935
Hindi	360	190	170	9,945	5,115	4,825
Kashmiri	5	0	0	50	20	25
Konkani	5	0	0	75	40	40
Marathi	30	15	15	845	440	405
Nepali	380	185	200	3,710	1,905	1,805
Oriya (Odia)	0	5	0	95	50	45
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,595	815	780	51,010	25,720	25,295
Sindhi	5	5	5	1,240	575	665
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	55	25	30	1,480	750	730
Urdu	1,385	695	695	17,600	8,795	8,810
Iranian languages	470	215	255	12,720	6,415	6,305
Kurdish	85	40	40	850	440	410
Pashto	30	15	15	1,640	845	795
Persian (Farsi)	355	160	195	10,230	5,135	5,100
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	20	5	10	650	325	325
Italic (Romance) languages	5,240	2,350	2,885	44,830	22,445	22,385
Catalan	0	0	0	35	10	20
Italian	2,370	995	1,375	2,840	1,275	1,560
Portuguese	200	90	110	3,905	1,875	2,030
Romanian	1,095	535	560	4,135	2,115	2,020
Spanish	1,570	735	840	33,910	17,160	16,755
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	10	5	5
Japanese	35	15	20	2,245	945	1,300
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	160	85	70
Georgian	0	0	0	160	85	70
Korean	315	160	155	12,775	6,205	6,570
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	335	160	175
Mongolian	0	0	0	335	155	175
Niger-Congo languages	260	120	140	5,600	2,725	2,875
Akan (Twi)	25	15	10	845	415	430
Bamanankan	0	0	0	10	10	0
Edo	10	0	5	70	35	35
Ewe	0	0	0	80	45	35
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	5	0	105	55	45
Ga	0	0	0	40	20	20
Ganda	5	0	0	95	50	50
Igbo	10	5	10	265	125	145
Lingala	10	10	5	85	35	45
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	5	5	280	135	145
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	10	350	175	170
Shona	5	5	5	410	190	225
Swahili	70	35	40	1,090	530	565
Wolof	10	5	5	170	95	75
Yoruba	45	20	25	690	340	350
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	50	20	25	1,015	485	535
Nilo-Saharan languages	95	40	50	1,525	765	755
Dinka	25	10	15	800	420	380
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	70	30	40	725	350	375
Sign languages	85	40	45	1,095	630	465
American Sign Language	25	15	15	325	170	155
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	60	30	30	765	455	310
Sino-Tibetan languages	4,920	2,460	2,460	82,380	39,230	43,155
Chinese languages	4,710	2,355	2,355	80,880	38,455	42,420
Cantonese	1,320	645	680	38,275	17,810	20,460
Hakka	5	5	5	315	135	185
Mandarin	2,955	1,495	1,465	37,125	18,030	19,095
Min Dong	0	0	0	20	5	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	40	20	15	1,245	540	705
Wu (Shanghainese)	45	25	25	340	175	165
Chinese, n.o.s.	340	175	170	3,550	1,760	1,785
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	215	105	110	1,500	770	730
Burmese	30	15	15	280	145	130
Karenic languages	170	80	90	665	340	320
Tibetan	0	0	0	420	220	200
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	140	65	75
Tai-Kadai languages	80	40	35	1,130	505	625
Lao	65	30	30	465	215	245
Thai	15	5	10	655	285	370
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	10	5	10
Turkic languages	240	105	135	2,390	1,270	1,120
Azerbaijani	5	0	0	155	90	75
Turkish	200	90	105	1,945	1,030	915
Uyghur	25	10	15	80	45	40
Uzbek	0	0	0	135	70	65
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	70	35	25
Uralic languages	410	175	230	2,130	1,040	1,085
Estonian	0	0	0	25	10	15
Finnish	15	5	10	105	50	50
Hungarian	390	170	220	1,995	980	1,015
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	240	140	95
Multiple responses	15,330	7,500	7,835	189,040	92,280	96,760
English and French	780	360	425	6,885	3,410	3,475
English and non-official language	13,935	6,890	7,040	178,070	86,895	91,170
French and non-official language	130	50	80	1,125	540	580
English, French and non-official language	475	195	285	2,965	1,430	1,530
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	284,570	139,260	145,305	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140
None	241,385	118,455	122,930	3,492,295	1,760,240	1,732,055
English	15,600	7,685	7,915	221,305	110,655	110,650
French	5,150	2,205	2,950	41,840	19,470	22,375
Non-official language	21,450	10,455	11,000	262,255	125,640	136,615
Aboriginal	40	15	20	17,430	8,325	9,105
Non-Aboriginal	21,415	10,435	10,980	244,825	117,315	127,510
English and French	240	110	135	1,535	775	760
English and non-official language	335	165	165	4,545	2,345	2,195
French and non-official language	395	180	215	2,795	1,340	1,455
English, French and non-official language	10	0	5	85	50	40
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	235,155	114,175	120,975	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,360
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	223,295	108,945	114,355	3,053,470	1,528,275	1,525,190
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,970	39,632	26,521	42,717	54,891	33,213
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	223,385	108,945	114,435	3,054,135	1,528,420	1,525,715
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,396	35,561	24,900	38,067	47,131	30,478
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	191,985	96,375	95,605	2,839,590	1,458,560	1,381,030
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,883	38,589	24,345	42,330	54,528	32,099
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	171,560	78,080	93,475	1,785,065	711,210	1,073,855
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	5,820	4,043	6,790	4,093	3,834	4,185
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	158,515	84,265	74,245	2,473,665	1,301,630	1,172,030
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,020	34,704	26,279	42,679	54,361	32,982
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	235,185	114,165	121,020	3,206,045	1,602,810	1,603,235
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	223,410	108,940	114,475	3,054,555	1,528,100	1,526,455
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,292	51,599	35,388	62,778	80,001	45,535
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	223,490	108,940	114,545	3,055,230	1,528,240	1,526,995
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,966	43,287	30,954	50,683	62,938	38,417
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	192,415	96,395	96,025	2,840,675	1,458,210	1,382,465
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,117	52,232	33,967	62,997	80,282	44,766
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	171,980	78,275	93,700	1,784,345	710,105	1,074,240
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,999	7,488	8,426	7,175	7,298	7,093
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	158,650	84,145	74,510	2,473,665	1,299,805	1,173,855
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,069	48,605	34,688	59,343	74,073	43,031
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	235,185	114,165	121,020	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	70,715	40,135	30,585	1,152,385	669,770	482,615
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	52,684	59,979	45,512	64,090	73,781	53,836
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	63,986	72,484	52,834	81,586	94,822	63,218
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	85.8	89.7	80.4	93.3	95.8	89.1
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	68.8	72.6	63.6	76.5	78.9	72.3
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	14.2	10.3	19.6	6.7	4.2	10.9
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	235,155	114,180	120,980	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,360
Without total income	11,855	5,235	6,620	152,585	74,410	78,170
With total income	223,300	108,945	114,350	3,053,470	1,528,280	1,525,190
Percentage with total income	95.0	95.4	94.5	95.2	95.4	95.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	35,490	15,670	19,820	389,580	146,450	243,130
$10,000 to $19,999	40,120	15,795	24,330	385,235	147,125	238,110
$20,000 to $29,999	30,790	12,100	18,690	364,915	142,810	222,105
$30,000 to $39,999	25,485	11,380	14,100	305,680	131,185	174,490
$40,000 to $49,999	23,745	12,355	11,390	286,615	133,715	152,900
$50,000 to $59,999	16,935	9,255	7,680	247,830	124,720	123,115
$60,000 to $69,999	11,980	6,930	5,055	205,840	114,405	91,430
$70,000 to $79,999	9,365	5,870	3,495	165,640	99,645	65,995
$80,000 to $89,999	7,480	4,690	2,790	132,720	82,700	50,020
$90,000 to $99,999	6,255	3,555	2,705	114,010	70,655	43,350
$100,000 and over	15,645	11,355	4,295	455,410	334,865	120,550
$100,000 to $149,999	10,865	7,620	3,250	274,185	191,710	82,475
$150,000 and over	4,775	3,735	1,040	181,225	143,150	38,075
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	235,155	114,180	120,975	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,365
Without after-tax income	11,775	5,230	6,540	151,915	74,270	77,645
With after-tax income	223,380	108,945	114,435	3,054,135	1,528,420	1,525,715
Percentage with after-tax income	95.0	95.4	94.6	95.3	95.4	95.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	36,380	15,810	20,570	399,005	149,280	249,725
$10,000 to $19,999	41,700	16,465	25,235	402,780	154,330	248,450
$20,000 to $29,999	35,470	14,250	21,220	420,955	166,650	254,300
$30,000 to $39,999	31,320	15,030	16,295	377,590	169,665	207,925
$40,000 to $49,999	25,320	13,625	11,695	347,960	172,595	175,365
$50,000 to $59,999	16,360	9,510	6,850	276,970	153,985	122,985
$60,000 to $69,999	11,870	7,570	4,300	208,265	127,045	81,220
$70,000 to $79,999	8,700	5,190	3,515	160,580	100,970	59,610
$80,000 and over	16,265	11,500	4,765	460,030	333,895	126,140
$80,000 to $89,999	5,130	3,325	1,800	121,015	78,400	42,620
$90,000 to $99,999	2,835	1,975	865	82,020	57,375	24,645
$100,000 and over	8,300	6,190	2,110	257,000	198,120	58,875
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	235,150	114,180	120,975	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,360
Without employment income	76,645	29,910	46,730	732,385	301,060	431,330
With employment income	158,515	84,270	74,245	2,473,665	1,301,630	1,172,035
Percentage with employment income	67.4	73.8	61.4	77.2	81.2	73.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	29,040	16,650	12,395	273,835	122,830	151,005
$5,000 to $9,999	12,340	5,450	6,885	164,095	68,100	95,990
$10,000 to $19,999	20,935	9,250	11,690	274,105	113,680	160,430
$20,000 to $29,999	16,860	7,370	9,495	235,620	96,855	138,760
$30,000 to $39,999	15,585	7,130	8,455	227,450	100,650	126,805
$40,000 to $49,999	13,835	6,665	7,175	219,155	103,680	115,475
$50,000 to $59,999	10,730	5,885	4,845	195,145	99,285	95,860
$60,000 to $69,999	8,150	4,875	3,275	163,465	92,950	70,515
$70,000 to $79,999	7,270	4,675	2,595	135,150	83,240	51,910
$80,000 and over	23,760	16,320	7,440	585,640	420,365	165,280
$80,000 to $89,999	5,835	3,705	2,130	111,045	71,210	39,835
$90,000 to $99,999	5,340	2,945	2,400	99,785	62,305	37,480
$100,000 and over	12,580	9,670	2,915	374,815	286,855	87,960
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	116,705	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	63,391	...	...	93,835	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	56,681	...	...	80,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	35,635	...	...	366,080	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	33,698	...	...	47,948	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	30,711	...	...	41,502	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	81,065	...	...	1,161,600	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	82,115	...	...	111,435	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	72,535	...	...	94,830	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	116,755	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	82,840	...	...	125,522	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	70,759	...	...	101,361	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	35,645	...	...	365,000	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	42,878	...	...	64,341	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	36,578	...	...	52,116	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	81,115	...	...	1,162,675	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	100,401	...	...	144,729	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	85,779	...	...	116,821	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	116,705	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
Under $5,000	2,335	...	...	21,660	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	2,350	...	...	13,555	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	4,230	...	...	18,070	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	5,165	...	...	33,045	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5,355	...	...	51,505	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	5,115	...	...	38,615	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	5,210	...	...	42,580	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	5,330	...	...	46,630	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	5,435	...	...	46,520	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	5,230	...	...	46,825	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	9,590	...	...	95,425	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	8,340	...	...	95,340	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	7,405	...	...	92,345	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	6,645	...	...	88,775	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	5,825	...	...	84,570	...	...
$100,000 and over	33,135	...	...	712,215	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	11,140	...	...	184,595	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	7,565	...	...	142,910	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	8,345	...	...	181,960	...	...
$200,000 and over	6,080	...	...	202,745	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	116,705	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
Under $5,000	2,415	...	...	23,395	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	2,385	...	...	13,860	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	4,270	...	...	18,600	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	5,335	...	...	34,540	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	6,000	...	...	55,010	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	5,740	...	...	44,170	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	6,025	...	...	50,280	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	6,470	...	...	55,645	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	6,265	...	...	57,695	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	6,035	...	...	59,195	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	10,840	...	...	119,200	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	9,535	...	...	116,250	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	8,175	...	...	112,675	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	6,820	...	...	106,235	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	5,705	...	...	95,600	...	...
$100,000 and over	24,685	...	...	565,335	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	10,190	...	...	192,795	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	6,025	...	...	132,240	...	...
$150,000 and over	8,470	...	...	240,305	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	78,250	...	...	1,099,900	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	82,896	...	...	109,997	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	73,168	...	...	93,588	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	26,590	...	...	407,300	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	76,197	...	...	101,283	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	67,419	...	...	86,043	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	34,395	...	...	511,375	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	111,446	...	...	133,186	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	96,215	...	...	111,951	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	15,145	...	...	146,045	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	48,256	...	...	62,909	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	45,585	...	...	57,079	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	78,195	...	...	1,101,485	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	101,626	...	...	144,493	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	86,719	...	...	116,343	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	26,485	...	...	408,625	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	92,129	...	...	137,805	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	77,805	...	...	110,236	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	34,485	...	...	512,615	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	128,084	...	...	169,354	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	108,636	...	...	135,623	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15,065	...	...	145,115	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	60,067	...	...	80,406	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	53,860	...	...	68,470	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	44,060	21,960	22,105	577,475	308,835	268,640
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	29,846	31,988	28,488	42,598	47,903	37,344
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	27,602	29,101	26,646	37,648	41,340	33,785
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	44,100	22,055	22,040	573,385	306,195	267,190
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	39,127	41,623	36,629	56,856	63,468	49,280
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	33,574	35,084	32,064	46,559	50,990	41,481
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	283,390	138,855	144,530	3,978,150	1,998,500	1,979,650
In the bottom half of the distribution	148,630	70,435	78,195	1,527,695	739,210	788,485
In the bottom decile	37,255	18,065	19,190	293,490	143,880	149,605
In the second decile	30,640	13,705	16,935	278,635	128,055	150,575
In the third decile	27,595	12,855	14,735	297,695	142,090	155,605
In the fourth decile	26,605	12,720	13,875	315,570	154,815	160,760
In the fifth decile	26,535	13,085	13,455	342,305	170,375	171,935
In the top half of the distribution	134,760	68,420	66,340	2,450,450	1,259,285	1,191,160
In the sixth decile	26,910	13,480	13,425	366,250	183,860	182,390
In the seventh decile	26,820	13,530	13,285	397,275	201,465	195,810
In the eighth decile	27,705	14,160	13,545	443,585	227,385	216,200
In the ninth decile	27,790	14,130	13,660	522,545	268,995	253,555
In the top decile	25,535	13,110	12,425	720,795	377,585	343,215
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	283,385	138,855	144,530	3,925,220	1,971,735	1,953,485
0 to 17 years	59,045	30,155	28,895	893,255	458,330	434,925
0 to 5 years	17,580	8,985	8,595	310,080	158,825	151,260
18 to 64 years	178,110	87,690	90,415	2,580,730	1,298,440	1,282,295
65 years and over	46,230	21,010	25,225	451,235	214,965	236,265
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	53,490	25,120	28,370	363,890	171,945	191,940
0 to 17 years	15,365	7,835	7,530	114,215	58,665	55,555
0 to 5 years	5,190	2,635	2,560	41,755	21,350	20,400
18 to 64 years	32,330	15,210	17,120	210,870	98,415	112,455
65 years and over	5,800	2,075	3,720	38,800	14,875	23,925
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	18.9	18.1	19.6	9.3	8.7	9.8
0 to 17 years (%)	26.0	26.0	26.1	12.8	12.8	12.8
0 to 5 years (%)	29.5	29.3	29.8	13.5	13.4	13.5
18 to 64 years (%)	18.2	17.3	18.9	8.2	7.6	8.8
65 years and over (%)	12.5	9.9	14.7	8.6	6.9	10.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	30,750	15,270	15,480	273,515	134,180	139,335
0 to 17 years	7,980	4,030	3,945	76,930	39,385	37,550
0 to 5 years	2,835	1,460	1,370	28,190	14,420	13,770
18 to 64 years	21,345	10,645	10,700	181,805	88,715	93,095
65 years and over	1,420	590	835	14,780	6,085	8,695
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	10.9	11.0	10.7	7.0	6.8	7.1
0 to 17 years (%)	13.5	13.4	13.7	8.6	8.6	8.6
0 to 5 years (%)	16.1	16.2	15.9	9.1	9.1	9.1
18 to 64 years (%)	12.0	12.1	11.8	7.0	6.8	7.3
65 years and over (%)	3.1	2.8	3.3	3.3	2.8	3.7
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	283,480	138,925	144,555	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,645
Official languages	277,495	136,545	140,955	3,920,530	1,974,435	1,946,095
English	277,160	136,405	140,760	3,916,805	1,972,800	1,944,005
French	28,565	12,690	15,875	264,600	123,940	140,660
Non-official languages	84,810	41,790	43,020	1,082,425	527,770	554,655
Aboriginal languages	75	35	40	36,465	17,415	19,045
Algonquian languages	25	10	15	29,675	14,120	15,555
Blackfoot	0	0	0	5,575	2,665	2,905
Cree-Montagnais languages	20	10	10	23,465	11,155	12,310
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	25	0	15
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	90	20	70
Plains Cree	0	0	0	1,580	620	965
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	10	10	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	45	25	25
Woods Cree	0	0	0	1,135	525	610
Cree, n.o.s.	15	10	0	20,665	9,990	10,675
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	35	15	15
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	35	15	15
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	10	955	425	530
Algonquin	0	0	0	10	10	0
Ojibway	10	0	0	925	415	505
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	20	10	15
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	2,640	1,255	1,385
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	2,630	1,250	1,380
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Beaver	0	0	0	85	50	35
Carrier	0	0	0	45	10	35
Chilcotin	0	0	0	20	15	10
Dene	0	0	0	2,010	975	1,035
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	75	30	45
Gwich'in	0	0	0	10	0	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	150	65	85
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	285	140	145
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	25	15	10
South Slavey	0	0	0	190	90	100
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	75	35	45
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	10	0	10
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Haida	0	0	0	10	0	10
Inuit languages	0	0	0	135	50	80
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	35	10	25
Inuktitut	0	0	0	60	20	35
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	25	20
Iroquoian languages	30	15	15	40	25	10
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	10	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	35	25	0
Oneida	25	0	15	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	10	10
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	10	10	0	145	75	70
Salish languages	0	0	0	50	25	25
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	10	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	15	10	10
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	10	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Siouan languages	10	10	0	4,050	2,005	2,045
Dakota	0	0	0	530	285	245
Stoney	0	0	0	3,650	1,790	1,855
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	10	0	10
Tlingit	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	35	15	15
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Nisga'a	0	0	0	15	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	30	15	15
Non-Aboriginal languages	84,735	41,750	42,985	1,046,245	510,495	535,750
Afro-Asiatic languages	21,990	11,005	10,985	96,210	50,675	45,535
Berber languages	0	10	0	540	335	205
Kabyle	0	0	0	225	125	90
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	315	210	110
Cushitic languages	745	335	415	15,445	8,055	7,385
Bilen	0	0	0	370	235	135
Oromo	75	30	45	3,125	1,625	1,500
Somali	670	305	370	12,030	6,240	5,795
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	20	40
Semitic languages	21,345	10,715	10,630	82,200	43,405	38,800
Amharic	215	100	115	10,870	5,595	5,275
Arabic	19,170	9,660	9,510	62,730	33,365	29,370
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	545	295	255	430	225	210
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	3,235	1,540	1,695	150	70	75
Harari	0	0	0	340	150	185
Hebrew	110	40	70	3,250	1,650	1,600
Maltese	295	160	135	145	85	55
Tigrigna	155	65	95	7,315	3,915	3,400
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	180	70	115	450	250	205
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	375	225	145
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,665	1,295	1,370	32,730	15,440	17,290
Khmer (Cambodian)	520	240	280	2,700	1,375	1,330
Vietnamese	2,160	1,065	1,100	30,150	14,130	16,015
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10
Austronesian languages	2,685	1,085	1,600	145,745	63,615	82,130
Bikol	30	15	10	330	150	180
Cebuano	160	70	85	6,690	2,940	3,750
Fijian	0	0	0	340	195	145
Hiligaynon	25	10	20	1,760	745	1,020
Ilocano	135	50	90	7,370	3,160	4,215
Malagasy	0	0	0	80	40	40
Malay	65	50	10	3,040	1,435	1,610
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	40	15	25	1,185	565	625
Pangasinan	10	0	0	445	190	250
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,465	960	1,505	138,440	60,115	78,325
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	420	170	245
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	75	40	30	1,160	505	650
Creole languages	425	165	265	4,585	2,390	2,195
Haitian Creole	0	0	10	255	140	115
Creole, n.o.s.	360	125	230	2,675	1,425	1,250
Creole languages, n.i.e.	70	30	35	1,680	840	850
Dravidian languages	850	475	375	18,190	9,660	8,525
Kannada	55	30	20	1,035	520	515
Malayalam	130	55	75	8,150	4,255	3,900
Tamil	540	315	220	7,195	3,900	3,295
Telugu	175	110	65	2,910	1,560	1,345
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	150	80	70
Hmong-Mien languages	10	10	10	115	55	55
Indo-European languages	45,095	22,405	22,695	550,490	274,510	275,980
Albanian	1,310	625	685	2,880	1,550	1,325
Armenian	225	115	110	530	255	275
Balto-Slavic languages	12,240	5,900	6,340	93,150	44,750	48,395
Baltic languages	95	35	65	1,360	660	705
Latvian	25	10	20	590	300	290
Lithuanian	70	25	40	775	360	415
Slavic languages	12,150	5,870	6,280	92,300	44,340	47,960
Belarusan	20	10	15	200	95	105
Bosnian	370	190	180	2,880	1,450	1,435
Bulgarian	90	45	55	1,795	945	850
Croatian	2,290	1,110	1,180	6,280	3,260	3,025
Czech	190	95	95	3,590	1,650	1,940
Macedonian	1,315	655	660	535	270	265
Polish	3,205	1,500	1,710	23,650	11,455	12,195
Russian	965	440	525	27,375	13,195	14,175
Serbian	3,400	1,730	1,675	5,355	2,630	2,730
Serbo-Croatian	215	115	95	1,095	550	540
Slovak	620	270	355	2,780	1,495	1,285
Slovene (Slovenian)	170	70	100	735	360	375
Ukrainian	500	195	305	26,600	11,980	14,620
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	120	60	65	250	120	130
Celtic languages	25	10	20	1,180	615	560
Scottish Gaelic	15	10	10	440	215	225
Welsh	0	0	0	315	180	130
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	450	220	225
Germanic languages	2,910	1,475	1,435	112,670	56,325	56,345
Afrikaans	95	40	60	5,165	2,655	2,515
Danish	80	30	40	2,800	1,360	1,440
Dutch	365	185	175	19,480	9,595	9,890
Frisian	15	0	0	475	275	205
German	2,290	1,195	1,095	83,010	41,905	41,105
Icelandic	0	0	0	160	70	95
Norwegian	0	0	0	1,450	635	810
Swedish	35	20	15	1,635	800	835
Vlaams (Flemish)	60	25	35	380	170	215
Yiddish	15	0	10	250	130	115
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	2,115	1,095	1,015
Greek	1,480	735	740	4,935	2,535	2,400
Indo-Iranian languages	10,175	5,460	4,710	206,725	106,045	100,675
Indo-Aryan languages	9,170	4,930	4,235	186,005	95,045	90,960
Bengali	795	410	385	8,530	4,385	4,140
Gujarati	930	570	360	18,005	8,945	9,055
Hindi	2,695	1,550	1,150	61,290	31,900	29,385
Kashmiri	45	15	30	125	80	45
Konkani	15	10	10	625	300	320
Marathi	115	60	55	2,575	1,385	1,195
Nepali	450	235	215	5,510	3,000	2,510
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	255	135	120
Punjabi (Panjabi)	3,190	1,680	1,510	90,485	46,350	44,135
Sindhi	75	45	30	4,595	2,065	2,530
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	140	75	65	3,800	1,925	1,875
Urdu	3,420	1,785	1,635	41,235	21,245	20,000
Iranian languages	1,025	550	475	22,140	11,665	10,475
Kurdish	160	100	60	1,930	1,100	825
Pashto	50	30	25	3,330	1,795	1,530
Persian (Farsi)	830	440	390	17,600	9,220	8,375
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	95	50	40	1,760	960	805
Italic (Romance) languages	17,810	8,715	9,100	142,340	69,885	72,450
Catalan	10	0	0	170	95	80
Italian	9,920	4,920	5,000	19,900	9,875	10,020
Portuguese	975	485	485	12,670	6,255	6,415
Romanian	2,430	1,135	1,290	9,915	5,185	4,735
Spanish	4,965	2,435	2,530	104,445	50,960	53,490
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	250	130	125
Japanese	220	130	95	9,215	4,115	5,100
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	225	130	100
Georgian	0	0	0	230	130	100
Korean	450	235	215	19,950	9,405	10,545
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	800	375	430
Mongolian	0	0	0	800	370	430
Niger-Congo languages	1,310	665	650	29,430	14,980	14,450
Akan (Twi)	125	85	40	2,925	1,505	1,420
Bamanankan	0	0	0	60	30	30
Edo	35	20	20	620	325	290
Ewe	25	10	10	335	170	165
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	300	165	135
Ga	0	10	0	345	190	155
Ganda	10	10	0	610	305	305
Igbo	115	55	60	2,550	1,345	1,210
Lingala	125	60	70	1,240	640	605
Rundi (Kirundi)	125	55	70	830	420	410
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	115	40	70	1,155	605	550
Shona	15	0	15	1,810	850	960
Swahili	330	175	160	6,700	3,470	3,235
Wolof	20	0	10	600	365	235
Yoruba	260	135	125	5,930	3,035	2,890
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	260	120	145	6,585	3,265	3,320
Nilo-Saharan languages	150	75	75	3,070	1,495	1,575
Dinka	30	15	15	1,655	825	825
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	125	60	60	1,425	675	750
Sign languages	590	255	335	5,910	2,350	3,555
American Sign Language	325	135	195	3,085	1,130	1,955
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	10
Sign languages, n.i.e.	270	125	145	2,855	1,230	1,625
Sino-Tibetan languages	7,605	3,660	3,950	141,860	67,945	73,915
Chinese languages	7,460	3,580	3,885	139,385	66,700	72,685
Cantonese	2,460	1,135	1,325	74,770	35,490	39,280
Hakka	20	0	15	1,180	515	660
Mandarin	4,875	2,340	2,535	70,510	33,310	37,195
Min Dong	0	0	0	85	50	40
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	255	130	120	4,140	1,765	2,380
Wu (Shanghainese)	115	45	70	855	380	470
Chinese, n.o.s.	470	245	225	6,335	3,160	3,175
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	55	25	35
Tibeto-Burman languages	155	80	75	2,590	1,290	1,300
Burmese	25	15	15	605	305	295
Karenic languages	130	70	60	805	415	390
Tibetan	0	0	0	860	430	430
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	445	215	235
Tai-Kadai languages	325	150	175	3,705	1,510	2,195
Lao	240	115	125	1,520	730	795
Thai	135	55	80	2,400	850	1,545
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	25	25
Turkic languages	620	315	300	5,795	3,180	2,625
Azerbaijani	25	25	10	630	325	300
Turkish	545	270	275	4,255	2,420	1,835
Uyghur	20	15	10	290	135	155
Uzbek	10	0	0	425	200	225
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	355	170	180
Uralic languages	1,620	805	815	8,895	4,315	4,575
Estonian	10	0	10	185	85	105
Finnish	90	45	45	1,045	455	590
Hungarian	1,520	755	760	7,660	3,770	3,890
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	95	45	45	1,820	1,025	790
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	283,480	138,925	144,555	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,645
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	264,370	129,545	134,825	3,622,740	1,825,135	1,797,600
Canadian citizens aged under 18	55,910	28,510	27,405	854,815	439,065	415,755
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	208,460	101,035	107,420	2,767,920	1,386,070	1,381,850
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	19,115	9,375	9,735	355,410	173,365	182,045
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	283,485	138,920	144,560	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,650
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	208,980	102,810	106,165	3,062,775	1,550,445	1,512,335
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	70,440	33,650	36,790	845,220	412,320	432,895
Before 1981	20,890	10,115	10,770	163,460	81,620	81,840
1981 to 1990	8,110	3,930	4,175	86,350	41,690	44,660
1991 to 2000	15,255	7,080	8,175	131,560	62,930	68,630
2001 to 2010	16,340	7,790	8,555	256,055	125,235	130,820
2001 to 2005	8,230	3,975	4,260	109,145	53,425	55,720
2006 to 2010	8,110	3,820	4,290	146,910	71,810	75,100
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	9,840	4,730	5,110	207,790	100,845	106,945
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	4,060	2,455	1,600	70,155	35,735	34,420
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	70,440	33,650	36,790	845,220	412,320	432,895
Under 5 years	8,165	4,155	4,010	82,175	42,200	39,975
5 to 14 years	12,710	6,575	6,130	149,815	77,820	71,995
15 to 24 years	16,095	7,145	8,955	168,965	78,215	90,755
25 to 44 years	27,355	12,965	14,390	372,805	180,265	192,535
45 years and over	6,110	2,810	3,300	71,450	33,820	37,630
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	70,440	33,655	36,790	845,215	412,325	432,895
Americas	9,440	4,020	5,420	103,540	49,345	54,190
Brazil	125	55	70	2,545	1,100	1,440
Colombia	375	185	190	9,535	4,570	4,960
El Salvador	700	365	335	7,255	3,725	3,530
Guyana	95	30	65	2,555	1,200	1,355
Haiti	220	60	160	1,270	675	600
Jamaica	650	305	345	6,845	3,170	3,680
Mexico	435	185	255	15,665	7,860	7,805
Peru	30	0	20	1,920	780	1,140
Trinidad and Tobago	240	105	130	3,415	1,670	1,750
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	5,400	2,210	3,190	30,460	13,675	16,785
Other places of birth in Americas	1,165	520	650	22,075	10,925	11,150
Europe	24,780	12,100	12,675	189,770	95,355	94,415
Bosnia and Herzegovina	1,110	525	580	4,555	2,325	2,230
Croatia	1,770	935	840	3,080	1,615	1,465
France	280	130	145	2,535	1,215	1,320
Germany	880	435	445	19,205	9,485	9,715
Greece	785	405	380	2,005	1,115	890
Hungary	685	325	360	3,665	1,880	1,785
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	125	55	65	3,935	2,100	1,835
Italy	5,185	2,600	2,585	8,110	4,370	3,745
Netherlands	325	195	125	14,035	7,420	6,610
Poland	2,175	985	1,185	16,925	8,045	8,880
Portugal	345	165	185	4,050	1,985	2,070
Romania	2,090	980	1,110	7,725	3,930	3,795
Russian Federation	380	175	210	7,260	3,135	4,125
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	1,345	710	640	2,255	1,080	1,170
Ukraine	210	85	125	8,150	3,700	4,455
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	3,665	1,735	1,935	59,215	30,280	28,935
Other places of birth in Europe	3,440	1,670	1,775	23,060	11,670	11,390
Africa	3,950	1,945	2,000	89,740	46,705	43,030
Algeria	65	35	30	1,340	715	625
Egypt	420	220	200	5,320	2,940	2,375
Ethiopia	225	120	105	10,570	5,355	5,215
Kenya	85	50	35	5,120	2,555	2,565
Morocco	60	35	30	1,695	1,005	695
Nigeria	480	260	220	12,405	6,520	5,880
Somalia	360	135	225	7,060	3,665	3,395
South Africa, Republic of	325	145	185	7,355	3,670	3,685
Other places of birth in Africa	1,925	955	970	38,865	20,275	18,590
Asia	32,155	15,510	16,645	452,225	215,955	236,265
Afghanistan	100	35	60	5,190	2,765	2,430
Bangladesh	595	295	295	5,085	2,590	2,500
China^{Census data footnote 59}	3,715	1,630	2,080	57,690	26,510	31,185
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	490	235	255	19,110	9,265	9,850
India	3,885	2,070	1,815	91,660	46,625	45,035
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	625	330	295	8,910	4,655	4,250
Iraq	6,080	2,875	3,205	5,935	3,205	2,730
Japan	45	20	30	3,065	905	2,160
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	295	150	140	13,850	6,530	7,320
Lebanon	3,935	1,930	2,015	10,395	5,640	4,750
Pakistan	2,040	1,055	985	28,075	14,630	13,445
Philippines	2,580	1,035	1,545	123,830	54,075	69,755
Sri Lanka	225	115	115	4,835	2,475	2,365
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	1,770	865	900	4,800	2,515	2,280
Taiwan	255	130	130	3,455	1,460	2,000
Viet Nam	1,645	815	830	27,080	12,645	14,435
Other places of birth in Asia	3,870	1,910	1,960	39,250	19,485	19,765
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	120	75	50	9,940	4,950	4,990
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	9,840	4,735	5,110	207,790	100,845	106,945
Americas	1,360	650	710	20,060	9,660	10,400
Brazil	25	10	15	860	370	490
Colombia	20	10	15	2,295	1,020	1,275
Cuba	20	10	15	465	215	255
Haiti	105	25	80	385	240	150
Jamaica	55	25	20	1,660	765	895
Mexico	110	50	60	4,405	2,250	2,150
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	815	445	370	4,645	2,130	2,515
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	70	25	40	1,570	745	820
Other places of birth in Americas	145	55	90	3,785	1,930	1,855
Europe	655	300	355	20,870	10,830	10,045
France	10	10	10	425	240	180
Germany	35	25	15	1,370	710	655
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	1,355	835	520
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	10	0	715	365	350
Romania	90	40	50	1,100	545	555
Russian Federation	25	15	10	1,235	430	805
Ukraine	10	0	10	2,340	1,060	1,280
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	60	30	35	6,225	3,570	2,650
Other places of birth in Europe	410	180	235	6,100	3,065	3,040
Africa	920	460	460	27,770	14,165	13,610
Algeria	0	0	0	255	115	135
Cameroon	35	20	15	1,055	515	545
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	170	105	60	805	365	440
Côte d'Ivoire	30	10	20	420	210	210
Egypt	100	50	50	1,940	1,045	895
Eritrea	50	30	25	2,390	1,335	1,055
Ethiopia	45	25	25	3,445	1,670	1,780
Morocco	20	10	10	515	265	250
Nigeria	90	50	45	6,110	3,200	2,910
Somalia	100	40	55	2,120	1,110	1,010
South Africa, Republic of	20	10	10	1,590	800	785
Tunisia	10	0	0	255	135	125
Other places of birth in Africa	255	115	145	6,870	3,400	3,470
Asia	6,880	3,305	3,570	137,110	65,055	72,050
Afghanistan	10	0	0	810	435	375
Bangladesh	170	85	85	1,355	635	715
China^{Census data footnote 59}	780	325	450	10,525	4,700	5,825
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	10	10	0	750	305	450
India	795	475	315	28,820	14,915	13,900
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	110	45	60	3,265	1,665	1,600
Iraq	2,040	960	1,080	2,010	1,045	960
Israel	0	0	10	480	250	230
Japan	10	0	10	665	195	475
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	45	15	35	3,840	1,710	2,125
Lebanon	295	165	135	1,470	755	710
Nepal	70	30	40	2,615	1,380	1,240
Pakistan	335	140	195	6,910	3,420	3,490
Philippines	405	140	265	59,390	26,960	32,435
Saudi Arabia	120	50	75	820	435	385
Sri Lanka	10	0	10	1,345	650	695
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	1,060	545	515	3,340	1,705	1,630
Taiwan	40	30	15	505	165	340
Turkey	50	25	25	390	215	180
United Arab Emirates	60	40	15	810	430	375
Viet Nam	60	20	40	2,040	795	1,240
Other places of birth in Asia	420	215	210	4,965	2,285	2,680
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	30	15	0	1,980	1,135	845
Australia	25	10	10	1,065	600	465
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	10	0	915	535	375
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	283,480	138,920	144,560	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,650
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	76,400	37,175	39,230	938,500	460,015	478,480
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	62,730	31,285	31,445	742,455	374,065	368,390
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	144,350	70,465	73,885	2,297,195	1,164,420	1,132,775
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	50,250	23,865	26,385	694,945	337,380	357,565
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	17,975	9,460	8,515	387,275	195,845	191,430
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	6,820	4,950	1,865	154,700	96,855	57,850
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	11,160	4,510	6,655	232,570	98,990	133,575
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	14,920	5,645	9,275	198,575	81,650	116,920
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	16,600	8,375	8,230	103,785	57,130	46,650
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	750	390	365	5,320	2,745	2,570
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	283,480	138,925	144,560	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,650
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	7,105	3,390	3,715	258,640	125,445	133,195
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	6,705	3,185	3,520	253,460	123,115	130,340
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	3,220	1,535	1,685	136,585	65,755	70,835
Métis	3,435	1,630	1,805	114,370	56,170	58,200
Inuk (Inuit)	55	25	25	2,500	1,195	1,305
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	170	65	105	2,905	1,350	1,555
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	235	135	95	2,280	975	1,300
Non-Aboriginal identity	276,375	135,535	140,840	3,719,505	1,873,055	1,846,450
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	283,480	138,925	144,560	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,645
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	1,895	845	1,050	123,235	59,065	64,170
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	281,590	138,080	143,510	3,854,915	1,939,430	1,915,475
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	283,480	138,925	144,555	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,645
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	1,105	500	605	103,600	50,680	52,915
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	1,090	495	590	99,940	48,860	51,070
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	795	335	460	81,685	39,815	41,870
Métis single ancestry	285	170	120	17,515	8,690	8,820
Inuit single ancestry	15	0	15	735	355	380
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	15	0	10	3,665	1,820	1,845
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	15	0	10	3,490	1,725	1,765
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	105	55	50
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	50	35	15
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	20	0	15
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	11,220	5,090	6,130	200,215	97,055	103,160
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	11,070	5,035	6,040	189,830	92,295	97,530
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	7,790	3,470	4,315	104,875	50,595	54,280
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	3,215	1,540	1,670	82,585	40,530	42,060
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	70	20	50	2,365	1,170	1,195
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	145	50	95	10,385	4,760	5,625
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	140	55	90	9,760	4,465	5,295
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	0	10	310	155	155
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	270	110	160
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	40	25	20
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	271,160	133,335	137,825	3,674,330	1,850,760	1,823,570
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	283,485	138,925	144,560	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,645
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	64,855	32,535	32,320	933,165	461,460	471,705
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	11,435	6,180	5,250	230,930	118,535	112,390
Chinese	8,340	4,070	4,265	158,200	77,035	81,165
Black	11,760	5,755	6,005	129,390	66,960	62,440
Filipino	3,610	1,690	1,920	166,195	74,770	91,425
Latin American	2,970	1,440	1,525	55,090	27,560	27,525
Arab	17,440	8,885	8,550	56,700	30,245	26,450
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	3,570	1,730	1,840	43,985	21,025	22,960
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	1,450	720	730	20,980	11,010	9,965
Korean	490	275	215	21,275	10,130	11,145
Japanese	135	60	75	12,165	5,495	6,670
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	1,470	675	795	9,900	4,700	5,205
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	2,190	1,055	1,140	28,360	13,985	14,375
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	218,625	106,390	112,235	3,044,980	1,537,040	1,507,940
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	283,485	138,925	144,555	3,978,150	1,998,500	1,979,645
North American Aboriginal origins	12,325	5,590	6,735	303,815	147,735	156,075
First Nations (North American Indian)	8,745	3,860	4,880	200,290	96,845	103,445
Inuit	90	20	70	3,900	1,915	1,985
Métis	3,655	1,765	1,890	113,735	55,590	58,150
Other North American origins	77,195	37,580	39,615	955,040	486,735	468,305
Acadian	260	110	155	5,545	2,970	2,570
American	5,025	2,450	2,575	72,355	35,480	36,875
Canadian	73,760	35,885	37,875	902,315	460,335	441,975
New Brunswicker	10	0	0	50	35	15
Newfoundlander	100	50	50	1,985	1,135	850
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	190	115	70
Ontarian	25	15	15	110	65	45
Québécois	125	65	55	1,380	750	630
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	30	15	15	415	210	205
European origins	187,755	91,045	96,710	2,580,720	1,292,280	1,288,440
British Isles origins	98,385	47,370	51,010	1,581,265	787,205	794,060
Channel Islander	0	0	0	225	115	115
Cornish	15	10	0	210	90	115
English	53,860	25,920	27,935	899,440	444,010	455,440
Irish	41,280	19,330	21,950	596,750	288,710	308,040
Manx	35	20	15	945	450	495
Scottish	37,560	17,755	19,800	704,205	347,740	356,460
Welsh	3,475	1,635	1,845	80,455	38,715	41,740
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	4,945	2,270	2,675	90,865	44,055	46,815
French origins	64,425	30,570	33,860	411,560	201,160	210,395
Alsatian	10	0	10	200	120	80
Breton	0	0	0	60	25	35
Corsican	10	0	0	125	65	70
French	64,415	30,565	33,855	411,315	201,030	210,290
Western European origins (except French origins)	34,010	16,355	17,650	915,185	455,115	460,065
Austrian	1,170	575	595	39,530	19,225	20,305
Bavarian	10	0	10	110	60	55
Belgian	2,035	940	1,090	21,210	10,320	10,890
Dutch	6,930	3,275	3,650	195,720	97,735	97,990
Flemish	100	55	50	2,005	870	1,140
Frisian	20	10	10	685	380	305
German	25,285	12,115	13,170	712,955	353,755	359,195
Luxembourger	25	25	10	680	355	320
Swiss	605	305	300	24,310	11,905	12,410
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	45	35	15	830	390	440
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	3,840	1,795	2,045	329,990	159,695	170,295
Danish	825	370	455	60,380	29,240	31,135
Finnish	1,055	525	530	17,755	8,780	8,975
Icelandic	150	80	70	20,225	10,050	10,175
Norwegian	875	370	505	156,595	75,160	81,430
Swedish	920	395	520	97,840	46,445	51,385
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	200	120	75	13,515	7,005	6,505
Eastern European origins	35,520	16,850	18,670	685,270	336,430	348,845
Bulgarian	210	95	110	2,935	1,510	1,425
Byelorussian	105	35	70	2,200	1,165	1,035
Czech	1,165	565	610	20,865	10,405	10,460
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	600	240	360	10,055	4,800	5,255
Estonian	55	35	20	2,715	1,240	1,470
Hungarian	6,435	3,165	3,265	56,270	27,385	28,885
Latvian	105	70	40	3,245	1,585	1,660
Lithuanian	395	160	240	6,090	2,915	3,175
Moldovan	25	10	20	1,585	790	790
Polish	12,375	5,940	6,435	186,510	91,115	95,395
Romanian	5,200	2,395	2,805	34,230	16,520	17,710
Russian	3,025	1,355	1,670	107,800	51,840	55,960
Slovak	2,270	1,060	1,210	11,010	5,495	5,515
Ukrainian	8,775	4,085	4,695	369,090	181,600	187,490
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	145	70	75	1,910	1,015	895
Southern European origins	49,100	24,355	24,745	215,725	107,495	108,230
Albanian	1,535	760	775	2,935	1,555	1,385
Bosnian	570	275	295	3,870	1,985	1,890
Catalan	0	10	0	85	55	25
Croatian	3,725	1,840	1,885	14,220	7,535	6,690
Cypriot	30	15	15	160	90	70
Greek	2,580	1,280	1,305	15,025	7,790	7,235
Italian	28,955	14,270	14,685	101,265	50,975	50,285
Kosovar	75	25	50	420	210	210
Macedonian	2,085	1,040	1,045	1,015	485	535
Maltese	1,145	615	530	1,560	845	715
Montenegrin	155	100	55	290	185	105
Portuguese	2,330	1,160	1,170	22,385	11,395	10,985
Serbian	4,245	2,215	2,030	7,755	3,875	3,875
Sicilian	145	85	65	330	160	170
Slovenian	770	320	450	3,885	2,010	1,875
Spanish	2,650	1,350	1,305	48,055	22,225	25,835
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	1,015	470	540	5,120	2,495	2,625
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	40	20	20	245	120	125
Other European origins	1,250	580	665	22,805	11,700	11,105
Basque	30	15	20	425	210	215
Jewish	670	340	330	9,780	4,890	4,885
Roma (Gypsy)	50	20	35	465	220	245
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	30	10	20	995	505	490
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	460	200	265	11,255	5,940	5,310
Caribbean origins	3,495	1,580	1,920	36,120	18,050	18,070
Antiguan	30	0	25	455	265	190
Bahamian	25	10	10	310	180	130
Barbadian	170	85	85	2,065	980	1,080
Bermudan	10	10	0	210	120	90
Carib	0	0	0	135	45	85
Cuban	225	105	120	2,175	1,110	1,060
Dominican	115	55	65	930	530	395
Grenadian	35	0	30	595	300	295
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	385	135	240	2,235	1,210	1,025
Jamaican	1,805	870	935	17,325	8,540	8,785
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	95	65	30
Martinican	0	0	0	10	0	0
Montserratan	10	0	15	30	10	25
Puerto Rican	100	50	55	460	225	240
St. Lucian	10	0	10	595	295	300
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	480	195	285	5,180	2,685	2,490
Vincentian/Grenadinian	40	10	30	535	215	325
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	245	120	125	2,670	1,275	1,395
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	60	25	35	2,305	1,110	1,200
Latin, Central and South American origins	4,040	1,850	2,190	78,405	39,030	39,375
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	145	65	85	1,980	965	1,015
Arawak	0	0	0	105	30	70
Argentinian	120	80	40	1,385	705	680
Belizean	65	30	30	445	250	190
Bolivian	50	25	25	590	305	285
Brazilian	150	80	70	3,030	1,330	1,700
Chilean	105	35	75	8,105	4,115	3,990
Colombian	490	230	265	12,585	6,060	6,525
Costa Rican	40	25	20	575	270	305
Ecuadorian	75	20	55	890	405	485
Guatemalan	185	105	80	2,395	1,270	1,120
Guyanese	260	95	160	3,095	1,545	1,555
Hispanic	225	90	135	1,785	905	885
Honduran	65	35	30	760	405	355
Maya	65	35	30	580	310	275
Mexican	915	440	475	22,475	11,430	11,045
Nicaraguan	185	80	105	1,675	825	855
Panamanian	55	15	40	320	150	170
Paraguayan	0	0	0	340	155	190
Peruvian	60	20	40	2,740	1,245	1,495
Salvadorean	805	375	425	8,810	4,545	4,270
Uruguayan	20	15	0	315	180	135
Venezuelan	150	50	95	4,690	2,295	2,390
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	160	75	80	3,430	1,735	1,695
African origins	9,740	4,935	4,810	136,510	70,620	65,885
Central and West African origins	1,850	985	865	33,170	17,430	15,735
Akan	55	30	25	130	80	50
Angolan	25	15	15	295	155	140
Ashanti	0	0	0	130	70	55
Beninese	0	0	0	200	90	105
Burkinabe	0	0	0	100	50	50
Cameroonian	110	45	60	2,040	1,010	1,035
Chadian	0	0	10	75	55	20
Congolese	380	215	170	4,095	2,100	1,990
Edo	15	15	0	555	320	235
Ewe	0	0	0	125	70	55
Gabonese	0	0	0	25	10	20
Gambian	0	0	0	110	60	50
Ghanaian	165	100	60	4,470	2,365	2,100
Guinean	10	10	0	455	235	215
Ibo	75	45	35	1,760	935	825
Ivorian	0	0	0	655	355	295
Liberian	50	25	30	1,040	495	540
Malian	0	0	0	70	45	25
Malinké	0	0	0	95	55	45
Nigerian	960	515	440	13,010	6,815	6,200
Peulh	0	0	0	105	70	35
Senegalese	20	0	10	575	370	205
Sierra Leonean	10	0	0	740	395	345
Togolese	0	0	0	150	70	80
Wolof	0	0	0	70	45	25
Yoruba	70	40	25	2,990	1,600	1,385
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	60	30	30	1,865	985	875
North African origins	1,855	1,015	840	23,235	12,305	10,935
Algerian	130	60	70	1,620	805	815
Berber	0	10	0	685	415	270
Coptic	60	30	30	225	115	110
Dinka	10	10	0	565	320	250
Egyptian	750	400	355	8,525	4,515	4,010
Libyan	195	120	80	1,300	665	635
Maure	0	0	0	95	70	25
Moroccan	80	35	40	2,510	1,380	1,130
Sudanese	665	365	300	7,070	3,695	3,375
Tunisian	45	30	10	940	480	455
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	10	10	0	575	315	260
Southern and East African origins	2,100	1,010	1,085	56,560	29,285	27,275
Afrikaner	20	15	0	315	155	160
Amhara	0	0	0	450	240	215
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	700	395	310
Burundian	100	45	60	975	555	420
Djiboutian	0	0	0	170	90	75
Eritrean	160	85	80	7,960	4,250	3,715
Ethiopian	360	190	170	13,225	6,710	6,510
Harari	0	0	0	165	85	80
Kenyan	15	10	10	2,175	1,035	1,140
Malagasy	15	10	10	125	55	70
Mauritian	80	35	40	550	310	235
Oromo	40	20	20	1,355	765	595
Rwandan	150	70	80	1,420	745	675
Seychellois	0	0	10	35	25	10
Somali	900	430	465	14,100	7,315	6,790
South African	220	100	120	6,635	3,310	3,320
Tanzanian	45	20	25	1,030	525	505
Tigrian	10	10	10	700	380	320
Ugandan	25	15	10	1,155	645	510
Zambian	10	10	0	265	155	110
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	2,590	1,300	1,285
Zulu	10	0	0	295	135	160
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	100	35	60	3,875	2,010	1,870
Other African origins	4,255	2,100	2,160	26,150	12,995	13,155
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	895	430	460	2,525	1,220	1,305
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	3,395	1,685	1,705	23,960	11,950	12,010
Asian origins	56,135	28,240	27,895	756,335	370,390	385,945
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	27,400	13,665	13,735	97,355	51,035	46,315
Afghan	245	95	140	8,540	4,545	3,995
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	3,350	1,750	1,605	10,470	5,690	4,780
Armenian	520	230	285	1,780	865	910
Assyrian	550	250	305	560	300	255
Azerbaijani	40	35	10	615	280	335
Georgian	20	15	0	400	230	165
Hazara	0	0	0	365	190	170
Iranian	995	530	465	13,925	7,220	6,705
Iraqi	6,955	3,370	3,585	6,165	3,250	2,915
Israeli	120	45	70	1,565	830	740
Jordanian	500	235	270	1,325	670	655
Kazakh	0	0	0	565	260	310
Kurd	140	90	50	2,040	1,160	880
Kuwaiti	25	15	10	185	110	80
Kyrgyz	10	10	0	200	110	90
Lebanese	10,170	5,130	5,040	32,365	16,835	15,525
Palestinian	1,550	805	745	4,880	2,675	2,210
Pashtun	0	0	0	645	305	345
Saudi Arabian	125	90	35	390	205	180
Syrian	2,290	1,105	1,185	7,215	3,605	3,610
Tajik	0	0	0	265	160	105
Tatar	20	10	10	530	215	315
Turk	885	400	480	5,745	3,155	2,595
Turkmen	0	0	0	105	55	50
Uighur	20	15	10	270	125	140
Uzbek	0	0	0	485	225	260
Yemeni	115	50	65	930	440	485
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	810	420	390	2,445	1,305	1,140
South Asian origins	11,630	6,280	5,350	231,550	118,855	112,695
Bangladeshi	355	190	170	4,155	2,085	2,070
Bengali	145	80	65	1,660	870	790
Bhutanese	210	110	95	815	410	400
East Indian	7,525	4,090	3,435	174,510	89,140	85,370
Goan	15	10	10	495	265	225
Gujarati	65	40	25	855	445	410
Kashmiri	45	20	25	720	355	365
Nepali	320	165	155	4,600	2,490	2,110
Pakistani	2,310	1,235	1,080	29,265	15,075	14,190
Punjabi	595	355	240	15,645	8,230	7,420
Sinhalese	30	20	10	750	400	355
Sri Lankan	310	150	165	5,585	2,885	2,695
Tamil	85	45	40	1,050	565	485
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	705	375	335	4,845	2,500	2,335
East and Southeast Asian origins	17,280	8,370	8,905	431,135	202,400	228,735
Burmese	80	50	30	1,270	650	615
Cambodian (Khmer)	690	315	375	4,260	2,245	2,015
Chinese	9,515	4,640	4,870	188,280	90,735	97,545
Filipino	4,035	1,860	2,175	175,130	79,150	95,975
Hmong	15	10	10	0	0	0
Indonesian	85	60	25	3,005	1,425	1,575
Japanese	220	110	115	16,595	7,510	9,085
Karen	135	70	65	740	390	345
Korean	540	290	255	22,410	10,655	11,755
Laotian	385	185	200	2,050	1,020	1,030
Malaysian	45	15	30	2,970	1,340	1,630
Mongolian	20	10	15	1,565	725	835
Singaporean	15	10	0	370	180	190
Taiwanese	135	70	60	1,995	855	1,140
Thai	120	45	80	2,735	980	1,750
Tibetan	0	0	0	965	500	465
Vietnamese	2,475	1,225	1,250	36,780	17,720	19,060
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	75	40	35	735	385	345
Other Asian origins	295	155	145	3,115	1,580	1,530
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	300	155	140	3,115	1,585	1,530
Oceania origins	230	130	100	15,500	7,825	7,680
Australian	170	85	80	7,785	3,975	3,810
New Zealander	45	30	15	2,905	1,535	1,370
Pacific Islands origins	30	25	10	5,150	2,510	2,635
Fijian	20	15	0	3,325	1,580	1,745
Hawaiian	0	0	0	425	190	235
Maori	0	0	0	640	325	320
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	205	105	95
Samoan	0	0	0	280	180	100
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	10	10	0	375	195	180
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	116,755	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
Owner	81,135	...	...	1,105,795	...	...
Renter	35,620	...	...	412,150	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	9,730	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	116,760	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
Condominium	8,410	...	...	256,015	...	...
Not condominium	108,345	...	...	1,271,660	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	116,755	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
No bedrooms	725	...	...	5,440	...	...
1 bedroom	14,685	...	...	139,820	...	...
2 bedrooms	26,360	...	...	322,370	...	...
3 bedrooms	46,800	...	...	540,505	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	28,195	...	...	519,545	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	116,755	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	26,820	...	...	358,650	...	...
5 rooms	16,825	...	...	238,870	...	...
6 rooms	18,665	...	...	224,335	...	...
7 rooms	16,745	...	...	201,560	...	...
8 or more rooms	37,705	...	...	504,270	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	116,755	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
One person or fewer per room	114,875	...	...	1,494,875	...	...
More than 1 person per room	1,875	...	...	32,805	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	116,755	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
Suitable	111,590	...	...	1,458,550	...	...
Not suitable	5,170	...	...	69,125	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	116,755	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
1960 or before	41,010	...	...	177,780	...	...
1961 to 1980	31,210	...	...	439,505	...	...
1981 to 1990	10,155	...	...	193,360	...	...
1991 to 2000	16,460	...	...	216,410	...	...
2001 to 2005	9,735	...	...	157,420	...	...
2006 to 2010	4,595	...	...	180,645	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	3,585	...	...	162,560	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	116,755	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	108,945	...	...	1,440,440	...	...
Major repairs needed	7,815	...	...	87,240	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	116,755	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
1 household maintainer	74,290	...	...	873,125	...	...
2 household maintainers	40,305	...	...	605,830	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	2,160	...	...	48,725	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	116,755	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
15 to 24 years	3,710	...	...	53,955	...	...
25 to 34 years	14,450	...	...	281,820	...	...
35 to 44 years	19,515	...	...	307,930	...	...
45 to 54 years	25,010	...	...	310,435	...	...
55 to 64 years	23,310	...	...	288,480	...	...
65 to 74 years	16,950	...	...	169,505	...	...
75 to 84 years	9,825	...	...	86,970	...	...
85 years and over	3,975	...	...	28,585	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	116,690	...	...	1,479,270	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	90,175	...	...	1,170,780	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	26,515	...	...	308,485	...	...
30% to less than 100%	22,625	...	...	268,795	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	81,130	...	...	1,075,465	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	59.6	...	...	65.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	12.9	...	...	15.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	949	...	...	1,481	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,082	...	...	1,531	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	200,203	...	...	400,104	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	237,846	...	...	449,790	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	35,615	...	...	410,225	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	18.5	...	...	10.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	45.1	...	...	36.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	775	...	...	1,243	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	813	...	...	1,279	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	235,185	114,165	121,020	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,235
No certificate, diploma or degree	41,405	20,060	21,340	540,665	284,020	256,640
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	72,945	35,905	37,040	895,885	440,665	455,220
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	120,835	58,200	62,640	1,769,500	878,130	891,375
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	14,585	10,475	4,110	309,465	242,160	67,305
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	6,580	4,050	2,530	94,735	56,255	38,480
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	8,005	6,425	1,580	214,730	185,905	28,825
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	49,710	20,825	28,880	615,480	250,590	364,895
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,505	1,975	2,530	94,620	36,875	57,750
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	52,040	24,920	27,120	749,930	348,510	401,425
Bachelor's degree	34,740	15,740	19,000	530,085	235,610	294,470
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	3,640	1,630	2,010	39,955	18,075	21,880
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,645	1,005	640	21,850	11,810	10,045
Master's degree	10,065	5,295	4,780	133,265	67,215	66,055
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	1,945	1,255	690	24,770	15,805	8,965
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	150,340	72,925	77,420	2,257,820	1,131,030	1,126,795
No certificate, diploma or degree	15,135	8,050	7,085	244,755	136,085	108,675
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	43,440	21,950	21,490	569,435	283,290	286,145
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	91,765	42,920	48,845	1,443,635	711,655	731,975
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	9,390	6,640	2,750	238,220	189,180	49,035
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	4,260	2,595	1,660	69,415	42,445	26,970
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	5,130	4,040	1,090	168,805	146,740	22,065
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	38,755	16,035	22,720	496,375	203,350	293,020
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,040	1,300	1,735	73,315	29,315	44,005
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	40,580	18,950	21,635	635,730	289,810	345,920
Bachelor's degree	26,670	11,820	14,840	448,235	197,045	251,195
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,855	1,250	1,610	32,095	14,155	17,940
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,335	765	575	18,855	9,505	9,350
Master's degree	8,190	4,195	3,995	116,975	57,230	59,740
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	1,525	915	620	19,570	11,875	7,695
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	235,185	114,160	121,020	3,206,045	1,602,810	1,603,235
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	114,345	55,960	58,385	1,436,545	724,680	711,865
Education	8,035	2,030	6,010	121,930	29,000	92,930
13. Education	8,035	2,025	6,010	121,930	29,000	92,930
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,950	1,305	1,640	49,660	20,960	28,705
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	350	255	95	9,130	6,305	2,820
50. Visual and performing arts	2,595	1,045	1,550	40,535	14,650	25,885
Humanities	5,330	2,200	3,130	69,305	27,480	41,830
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	540	95	445	6,790	1,620	5,170
23. English language and literature/letters	1,400	455	950	15,110	4,270	10,840
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,250	530	720	20,660	7,275	13,390
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	40	20	25	225	105	125
38. Philosophy and religious studies	270	165	105	4,890	2,750	2,140
39. Theology and religious vocations	455	275	185	11,435	6,560	4,865
54. History	990	580	415	8,600	4,560	4,045
55. French language and literature/letters	390	90	300	1,595	345	1,250
Social and behavioural sciences and law	14,010	4,660	9,350	159,735	51,705	108,030
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	150	15	130	2,345	470	1,875
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,800	895	910	17,180	6,320	10,865
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	2,660	185	2,475	28,750	2,185	26,570
22. Legal professions and studies	1,990	700	1,285	29,000	9,355	19,645
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	155	25	130	2,190	605	1,580
42. Psychology	3,000	810	2,185	27,275	6,765	20,515
45. Social sciences	4,260	2,020	2,240	52,985	26,000	26,985
Business, management and public administration	22,460	8,945	13,520	361,530	133,045	228,485
30.16 Accounting and computer science	40	15	30	670	155	520
44. Public administration and social service professions	2,150	420	1,725	21,565	4,015	17,555
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	20,265	8,505	11,760	339,295	128,885	210,410
Physical and life sciences and technologies	4,405	2,035	2,375	72,850	38,330	34,525
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	2,020	790	1,225	25,850	10,955	14,895
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	855	335	520	15,410	7,270	8,145
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	555	170	385
40. Physical sciences	1,195	805	385	26,130	17,875	8,255
41. Science technologies/technicians	330	105	225	4,900	2,055	2,845
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	4,555	2,880	1,675	60,830	37,710	23,120
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,660	2,485	1,175	48,975	32,855	16,125
25. Library science	230	25	205	4,295	515	3,780
27. Mathematics and statistics	620	345	280	7,050	4,020	3,035
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	45	25	20	515	330	185
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	27,945	25,635	2,310	463,185	415,665	47,520
04. Architecture and related services	830	660	170	11,325	7,140	4,190
14. Engineering	7,465	6,220	1,240	110,345	89,275	21,070
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	5,245	4,685	560	84,800	72,145	12,655
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	60	10	50
46. Construction trades	4,250	4,145	100	100,370	96,810	3,560
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	4,380	4,275	105	103,880	100,100	3,785
48. Precision production	5,775	5,645	130	52,400	50,195	2,205
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,270	730	540	44,270	27,245	17,025
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	905	510	395	28,440	17,860	10,580
03. Natural resources and conservation	370	225	145	15,830	9,390	6,445
Health and related fields	22,130	4,390	17,745	270,920	51,220	219,700
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	1,515	810	705	19,300	9,110	10,195
51. Health professions and related programs	20,265	3,345	16,920	245,265	38,460	206,810
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	350	240	115	6,350	3,650	2,695
Personal, protective and transportation services	7,725	3,385	4,340	95,140	45,720	49,415
12. Personal and culinary services	4,655	995	3,655	57,285	14,985	42,305
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	20	20	0	250	230	20
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	50	40	10	740	655	85
43. Security and protective services	2,195	1,605	585	16,985	11,590	5,400
49. Transportation and materials moving	815	725	95	19,880	18,270	1,610
Other	15	10	0	150	60	95
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	0	0	145	60	95
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	150,345	72,920	77,420	2,257,820	1,131,025	1,126,795
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	58,575	30,000	28,575	814,190	419,370	394,820
Education	5,665	1,340	4,325	91,020	19,920	71,105
13. Education	5,670	1,345	4,325	91,025	19,920	71,100
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,180	910	1,275	40,255	16,670	23,585
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	255	175	75	7,095	4,810	2,285
50. Visual and performing arts	1,930	730	1,195	33,155	11,860	21,300
Humanities	3,660	1,470	2,190	55,985	21,840	34,145
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	400	50	350	5,690	1,310	4,380
23. English language and literature/letters	950	315	635	12,345	3,425	8,920
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	925	390	535	17,320	6,020	11,300
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	20	20	0	200	95	100
38. Philosophy and religious studies	195	120	75	3,930	2,205	1,725
39. Theology and religious vocations	310	195	110	8,500	4,960	3,545
54. History	605	330	275	6,855	3,565	3,285
55. French language and literature/letters	260	50	210	1,140	245	895
Social and behavioural sciences and law	11,170	3,495	7,675	135,545	42,855	92,685
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	100	15	85	2,025	425	1,600
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,545	760	780	14,880	5,360	9,520
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	2,135	135	2,000	23,730	1,770	21,960
22. Legal professions and studies	1,585	450	1,135	25,095	7,395	17,705
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	110	15	95	1,790	530	1,255
42. Psychology	2,315	545	1,770	22,460	5,290	17,170
45. Social sciences	3,385	1,580	1,810	45,565	22,095	23,465
Business, management and public administration	17,510	6,790	10,725	301,995	110,825	191,170
30.16 Accounting and computer science	25	10	20	560	135	420
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,705	320	1,385	18,035	3,130	14,910
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	15,775	6,465	9,315	283,400	107,560	175,840
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,025	1,330	1,695	58,120	29,655	28,465
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,325	495	835	20,925	8,620	12,310
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	650	235	415	12,175	5,740	6,435
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	10	10	460	155	305
40. Physical sciences	825	540	285	20,785	13,645	7,140
41. Science technologies/technicians	210	60	155	3,775	1,500	2,270
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,850	2,455	1,390	53,975	33,590	20,385
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,215	2,175	1,035	44,735	29,980	14,750
25. Library science	135	10	135	3,400	440	2,965
27. Mathematics and statistics	465	260	210	5,420	2,915	2,500
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	35	20	10	420	255	165
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	20,470	18,555	1,915	376,875	335,210	41,670
04. Architecture and related services	685	545	140	9,335	5,630	3,710
14. Engineering	5,835	4,775	1,055	95,005	75,840	19,170
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	4,060	3,575	490	69,300	58,610	10,690
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	55	10	50
46. Construction trades	2,785	2,720	60	80,455	77,430	3,020
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,905	2,820	90	81,470	78,290	3,180
48. Precision production	4,195	4,120	75	41,255	39,405	1,850
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	960	535	420	35,820	21,060	14,760
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	705	380	325	21,990	12,970	9,025
03. Natural resources and conservation	260	160	95	13,825	8,090	5,740
Health and related fields	17,440	3,450	13,985	217,640	42,225	175,410
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	1,095	580	515	15,955	7,530	8,425
51. Health professions and related programs	16,085	2,705	13,380	196,250	31,775	164,475
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	255	165	90	5,435	2,925	2,505
Personal, protective and transportation services	5,825	2,575	3,250	76,300	37,755	38,540
12. Personal and culinary services	3,470	755	2,715	44,755	12,085	32,670
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	190	170	20
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	10	10	460	410	50
43. Security and protective services	1,665	1,205	455	14,100	9,595	4,505
49. Transportation and materials moving	660	595	75	16,795	15,490	1,305
Other	15	10	10	115	55	60
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	15	10	10	110	55	60
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	235,185	114,160	121,020	3,206,045	1,602,810	1,603,235
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	114,350	55,965	58,385	1,436,545	724,685	711,865
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	120,835	58,200	62,635	1,769,505	878,130	891,370
Location of study inside Canada	96,720	45,525	51,195	1,424,855	709,950	714,905
Same as province or territory of residence	93,360	43,765	49,590	1,064,560	530,135	534,430
Different than province or territory of residence	3,360	1,765	1,600	360,290	179,815	180,475
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	24,115	12,670	11,445	344,645	168,180	176,465
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	6,870	3,765	3,105	45,690	25,545	20,145
Philippines	1,255	450	805	68,760	26,480	42,280
India	1,810	1,020	790	41,560	21,025	20,535
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	1,425	895	525	28,630	16,255	12,370
China^{Census data footnote 162}	1,805	850	950	18,850	8,805	10,050
France	150	95	55	2,150	1,275	875
Other	10,795	5,590	5,205	139,010	68,800	70,210
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	150,340	72,920	77,420	2,257,820	1,131,030	1,126,795
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	58,575	30,000	28,580	814,190	419,375	394,820
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	91,765	42,920	48,845	1,443,630	711,655	731,980
Location of study inside Canada	73,895	33,995	39,900	1,150,780	572,180	578,595
Same as province or territory of residence	71,485	32,730	38,755	857,370	426,365	431,010
Different than province or territory of residence	2,410	1,270	1,145	293,410	145,820	147,590
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	17,875	8,925	8,945	292,850	139,470	153,380
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	5,400	2,885	2,515	34,655	18,640	16,015
Philippines	935	320	615	64,000	24,435	39,565
India	1,265	615	645	37,240	18,505	18,740
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	715	425	290	20,065	11,390	8,675
China^{Census data footnote 162}	1,200	555	645	16,600	7,630	8,965
France	115	70	45	1,870	1,105	765
Other	8,245	4,055	4,195	118,425	57,770	60,655
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	235,185	114,165	121,020	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,235
In the labour force	139,635	72,410	67,225	2,302,945	1,238,280	1,064,655
Employed	128,465	66,520	61,945	2,096,105	1,114,360	981,745
Unemployed	11,170	5,890	5,280	206,835	123,925	82,910
Not in the labour force	95,545	41,755	53,795	903,105	364,525	538,580
Participation rate	59.4	63.4	55.5	71.8	77.3	66.4
Employment rate	54.6	58.3	51.2	65.4	69.5	61.2
Unemployment rate	8.0	8.1	7.9	9.0	10.0	7.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	235,185	114,165	121,020	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,235
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	93,460	40,565	52,890	806,150	318,845	487,310
Worked	141,725	73,595	68,125	2,399,895	1,283,965	1,115,930
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	72,215	41,120	31,095	1,193,860	698,530	495,330
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	69,505	32,475	37,030	1,206,035	585,430	620,595
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.0	43.3	42.7	42.5	43.1	41.7
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	139,640	72,410	67,225	2,302,940	1,238,285	1,064,660
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	4,435	2,095	2,340	40,005	18,650	21,360
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	135,205	70,320	64,885	2,262,935	1,219,635	1,043,300
Employee	123,815	63,060	60,760	1,984,225	1,042,630	941,595
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	11,385	7,255	4,130	278,710	177,010	101,705
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	139,635	72,410	67,225	2,302,940	1,238,280	1,064,660
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	4,435	2,090	2,340	40,010	18,645	21,360
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	135,200	70,320	64,885	2,262,935	1,219,635	1,043,300
0 Management occupations	10,765	6,645	4,120	261,505	167,260	94,245
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	17,590	5,225	12,365	353,965	95,685	258,280
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	9,145	7,590	1,545	175,025	136,240	38,795
3 Health occupations	11,340	2,190	9,150	150,415	28,130	122,290
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	14,515	4,720	9,800	228,325	74,105	154,220
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,800	1,245	1,560	50,170	19,960	30,210
6 Sales and service occupations	33,430	13,315	20,115	491,495	204,245	287,255
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	19,235	17,955	1,280	406,495	376,375	30,120
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,660	1,220	435	72,465	59,465	13,000
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	14,715	10,205	4,510	73,070	58,170	14,895
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	139,640	72,410	67,225	2,302,940	1,238,280	1,064,660
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	4,435	2,095	2,345	40,005	18,650	21,360
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	135,205	70,320	64,885	2,262,935	1,219,630	1,043,305
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,070	530	535	64,035	43,045	20,990
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	260	240	20	142,490	109,105	33,390
22 Utilities	595	445	155	21,940	15,345	6,595
23 Construction	6,740	5,985	755	236,370	201,640	34,730
31-33 Manufacturing	27,390	20,430	6,955	127,535	96,045	31,490
41 Wholesale trade	3,395	2,335	1,065	80,610	56,840	23,775
44-45 Retail trade	14,395	6,405	7,995	249,880	115,065	134,810
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	5,750	4,255	1,500	115,295	83,675	31,620
51 Information and cultural industries	1,660	920	745	33,045	18,625	14,420
52 Finance and insurance	4,515	1,565	2,950	69,225	25,230	43,995
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,830	1,015	810	41,520	23,075	18,450
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	7,220	4,275	2,945	167,800	94,565	73,240
55 Management of companies and enterprises	110	70	40	5,560	2,760	2,795
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	6,680	3,925	2,750	87,350	49,595	37,760
61 Educational services	10,600	3,415	7,180	147,270	44,160	103,110
62 Health care and social assistance	17,405	3,015	14,395	245,875	41,235	204,645
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	3,825	1,855	1,970	44,880	21,550	23,335
72 Accommodation and food services	11,085	4,360	6,725	153,790	62,220	91,570
81 Other services (except public administration)	5,495	2,530	2,970	105,865	50,455	55,405
91 Public administration	5,160	2,740	2,425	122,595	65,420	57,175
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	128,465	66,515	61,950	2,096,110	1,114,360	981,745
Worked at home	4,785	2,320	2,465	162,465	77,935	84,530
Worked outside Canada	5,900	3,785	2,115	6,270	4,715	1,555
No fixed workplace address	11,335	7,955	3,380	307,065	236,995	70,070
Worked at usual place	106,440	52,455	53,990	1,620,310	794,720	825,595
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	106,445	52,455	53,985	1,620,310	794,720	825,595
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	65,555	30,635	34,925	1,186,170	554,850	631,330
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	38,500	20,510	17,995	358,010	190,730	167,280
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,185	1,185	1,000	64,360	41,925	22,435
Commute to a different province or territory	195	130	70	11,770	7,210	4,560
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	117,780	60,410	57,370	1,927,375	1,031,710	895,665
Car, truck, van - as a driver	99,645	52,045	47,600	1,497,440	832,890	664,545
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	7,185	3,040	4,145	99,635	40,215	59,420
Public transit	4,510	1,885	2,625	194,560	88,325	106,235
Walked	4,105	1,900	2,210	85,805	38,030	47,775
Bicycle	1,305	960	345	21,925	14,685	7,240
Other method	1,020	580	445	28,015	17,560	10,455
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	117,780	60,410	57,370	1,927,375	1,031,710	895,665
Less than 15 minutes	41,560	20,335	21,225	519,085	237,105	281,980
15 to 29 minutes	57,830	30,280	27,550	706,940	377,165	329,780
30 to 44 minutes	12,810	6,830	5,985	422,070	243,905	178,165
45 to 59 minutes	3,265	1,745	1,520	148,620	86,485	62,135
60 minutes and over	2,310	1,220	1,090	130,665	87,060	43,605
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	117,780	60,410	57,370	1,927,375	1,031,710	895,665
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	7,155	4,695	2,460	145,660	107,460	38,200
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	21,335	14,450	6,885	395,425	254,225	141,200
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	26,860	13,620	13,240	567,530	297,825	269,705
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	22,860	8,445	14,415	347,270	147,425	199,845
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	12,635	5,235	7,405	188,660	77,175	111,490
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	26,940	13,970	12,965	282,820	147,600	135,225
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	146,730	76,075	70,655	2,467,410	1,314,320	1,153,090
Single responses	145,155	75,355	69,805	2,446,600	1,304,240	1,142,360
Official languages	144,205	74,835	69,365	2,425,545	1,292,940	1,132,610
English	142,950	74,515	68,430	2,418,990	1,290,870	1,128,120
French	1,250	315	935	6,560	2,070	4,490
Non-official languages	955	520	435	21,055	11,305	9,750
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	1,000	550	450
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	670	355	315
Blackfoot	0	0	0	75	50	30
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	565	295	270
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	10	10	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	30	10	20
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	535	280	255
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	20	15	10
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	25	15	10
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	75	45	30
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	75	40	35
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	60	35	25
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	10	10	10
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	255	155	105
Dakota	0	0	0	15	10	10
Stoney	0	0	0	240	140	95
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	955	520	440	20,050	10,755	9,300
Afro-Asiatic languages	205	145	60	940	575	360
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	100	45	55
Bilen	0	0	0	10	0	10
Oromo	0	0	0	25	15	15
Somali	0	0	0	60	25	35
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	205	140	65	840	530	305
Amharic	0	0	0	85	50	35
Arabic	180	120	55	610	415	195
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	0	0	10	10	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	20	15	10	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	50	15	35
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	40	15	25
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	25	25
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	80	35	45	1,305	515	790
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	0	10	15	10	0
Vietnamese	65	35	35	1,290	505	780
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	10	10	10	850	420	430
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	15	0	10
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	10	0	10
Ilocano	0	0	0	30	10	20
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	10	10	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	10	0	785	405	380
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	55	25	35
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	15	10	0
Tamil	0	0	0	35	15	15
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	200	85	115	8,280	4,855	3,425
Albanian	0	0	0	30	20	10
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	55	25	30	690	335	355
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	55	25	35	695	335	360
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	15	15	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Croatian	0	0	0	15	10	15
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Polish	30	10	30	220	135	85
Russian	0	0	0	275	120	160
Serbian	25	15	0	25	0	20
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	25	0	20
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	100	40	55
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	2,535	1,700	840
Afrikaans	0	0	0	30	10	20
Danish	0	0	0	10	0	10
Dutch	0	0	0	145	80	65
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	2,160	1,455	700
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Swedish	0	0	0	15	10	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	165	135	30
Greek	10	10	0	20	15	0
Indo-Iranian languages	35	10	25	3,215	1,870	1,350
Indo-Aryan languages	25	10	15	3,010	1,735	1,275
Bengali	0	0	0	25	10	15
Gujarati	10	0	0	75	15	60
Hindi	10	0	0	210	110	100
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	40	20	15
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	20	10	0	2,480	1,510	970
Sindhi	0	0	0	10	0	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Urdu	0	0	0	155	50	100
Iranian languages	10	0	0	200	130	70
Kurdish	0	0	0	15	10	0
Pashto	0	0	0	15	15	0
Persian (Farsi)	10	0	0	175	105	70
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	100	40	60	1,780	920	860
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	10	0	10	30	10	15
Portuguese	10	10	10	140	70	70
Romanian	15	10	0	50	30	20
Spanish	65	25	35	1,560	800	760
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	195	75	125
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	15	10	10	785	350	435
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	35	10	30
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	30	10	25
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	20	0	15	230	120	115
American Sign Language	0	0	10	125	40	85
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	10	0	0	105	80	30
Sino-Tibetan languages	400	240	165	7,080	3,665	3,420
Chinese languages	395	235	160	7,035	3,635	3,400
Cantonese	145	95	45	4,545	2,340	2,205
Hakka	0	0	0	15	0	10
Mandarin	215	120	95	2,170	1,125	1,045
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	0	10	30	10	15
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	10	275	155	125
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	0	10	45	30	20
Burmese	0	0	0	10	10	10
Karenic languages	10	0	10	25	15	10
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	10	0	125	60	65
Lao	10	10	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	130	60	65
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	80	35	45
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	65	30	30
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	10	0	10
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Uralic languages	10	0	10	70	45	25
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	10	10	0
Hungarian	10	0	10	65	40	25
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Multiple responses	1,575	725	850	20,810	10,080	10,735
English and French	550	190	355	4,525	2,050	2,475
English and non-official language	980	510	470	15,935	7,860	8,075
French and non-official language	0	0	0	55	25	30
English, French and non-official language	45	20	20	295	140	155
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	146,730	76,075	70,655	2,467,410	1,314,320	1,153,095
None	140,445	73,235	67,215	2,370,575	1,264,955	1,105,620
English	1,035	355	675	13,805	6,540	7,270
French	2,055	780	1,275	23,920	11,380	12,545
Non-official language	3,090	1,655	1,435	57,640	30,700	26,935
Aboriginal	0	0	10	5,045	2,370	2,680
Non-Aboriginal	3,085	1,660	1,425	52,590	28,335	24,260
English and French	0	0	0	30	15	15
English and non-official language	15	0	15	215	105	110
French and non-official language	85	45	45	1,220	625	595
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	10	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	280,775	137,510	143,265	3,925,440	1,971,515	1,953,920
Non-movers	245,905	120,085	125,825	3,318,340	1,667,060	1,651,280
Movers	34,870	17,435	17,435	607,095	304,450	302,640
Non-migrants	22,435	11,220	11,210	394,230	199,640	194,590
Migrants	12,435	6,210	6,225	212,865	104,815	108,050
Internal migrants	8,635	4,290	4,345	166,390	82,335	84,055
Intraprovincial migrants	7,030	3,450	3,580	120,105	59,845	60,260
Interprovincial migrants	1,605	835	765	46,280	22,490	23,795
External migrants	3,810	1,920	1,880	46,475	22,480	23,995
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	268,825	131,260	137,565	3,714,635	1,863,450	1,851,190
Non-movers	171,210	82,980	88,230	2,052,580	1,028,510	1,024,070
Movers	97,615	48,280	49,330	1,662,055	834,935	827,120
Non-migrants	61,295	30,020	31,270	899,165	454,700	444,465
Migrants	36,320	18,255	18,060	762,890	380,235	382,655
Internal migrants	24,705	12,210	12,495	559,860	280,255	279,610
Intraprovincial migrants	21,005	10,330	10,670	333,775	165,900	167,875
Interprovincial migrants	3,705	1,880	1,825	226,090	114,355	111,730
External migrants	11,610	6,050	5,565	203,025	99,980	103,045

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 40 referrer

Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 41 referrer

Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 42 referrer

Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Return to footnote 43 referrer

Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 44 referrer

Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 45 referrer

Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Return to footnote 46 referrer

Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Return to footnote 47 referrer

Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 48 referrer

Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Return to footnote 49 referrer

Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 50 referrer

Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 51 referrer

Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Return to footnote 52 referrer

Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 53 referrer

Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 54 referrer

Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Return to footnote 55 referrer

Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Return to footnote 56 referrer

Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Return to footnote 57 referrer

Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Return to footnote 58 referrer

Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Return to footnote 59 referrer

Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Return to footnote 60 referrer

Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Return to footnote 61 referrer

Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Return to footnote 62 referrer

Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Return to footnote 63 referrer

Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Return to footnote 64 referrer

Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Return to footnote 65 referrer

Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Return to footnote 66 referrer

Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Return to footnote 67 referrer

Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 68 referrer

Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Return to footnote 69 referrer

Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Return to footnote 70 referrer

Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Return to footnote 71 referrer

Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 72 referrer

Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Return to footnote 73 referrer

Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Return to footnote 74 referrer

Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Return to footnote 75 referrer

Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Return to footnote 76 referrer

Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Return to footnote 77 referrer

Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Return to footnote 78 referrer

Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 79 referrer

Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Return to footnote 80 referrer

Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Return to footnote 81 referrer

Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 82 referrer

Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Return to footnote 83 referrer

Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Return to footnote 84 referrer

Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 85 referrer

Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Return to footnote 86 referrer

Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 87 referrer

Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 88 referrer

Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 89 referrer

Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 90 referrer

Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 91 referrer

Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 92 referrer

Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 93 referrer

Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Return to footnote 94 referrer

Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 95 referrer

Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Return to footnote 96 referrer

Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Return to footnote 97 referrer

Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Return to footnote 98 referrer

Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Return to footnote 99 referrer

Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Return to footnote 100 referrer

Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Return to footnote 101 referrer

Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Return to footnote 102 referrer

Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 103 referrer

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Return to footnote 104 referrer

Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Return to footnote 105 referrer

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Return to footnote 106 referrer

Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Return to footnote 107 referrer

Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 108 referrer

Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Return to footnote 109 referrer

Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 110 referrer

Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Return to footnote 111 referrer

Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 112 referrer

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Return to footnote 113 referrer

Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 114 referrer

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Return to footnote 115 referrer

Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Return to footnote 116 referrer

Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Return to footnote 117 referrer

Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Return to footnote 118 referrer

Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 119 referrer

Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Return to footnote 120 referrer

Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 121 referrer

Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Return to footnote 122 referrer

Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 123 referrer

Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Return to footnote 124 referrer

Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Return to footnote 125 referrer

Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Return to footnote 126 referrer

Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Return to footnote 127 referrer

Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 128 referrer

Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Return to footnote 129 referrer

Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

Return to footnote 130 referrer

Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

Return to footnote 131 referrer

Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

Return to footnote 132 referrer

Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

Return to footnote 133 referrer

Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

Return to footnote 134 referrer

Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

Return to footnote 135 referrer

Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

Return to footnote 136 referrer

Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 137 referrer

Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

Return to footnote 138 referrer

Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

Return to footnote 139 referrer

Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

Return to footnote 140 referrer

Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

Return to footnote 141 referrer

Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

Return to footnote 142 referrer

Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

Return to footnote 143 referrer

Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

Return to footnote 144 referrer

Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

Return to footnote 145 referrer

Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Return to footnote 146 referrer

Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Return to footnote 147 referrer

Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Return to footnote 148 referrer

Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Return to footnote 149 referrer

Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Return to footnote 150 referrer

Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Return to footnote 151 referrer

Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Return to footnote 152 referrer

Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Return to footnote 153 referrer

Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Return to footnote 154 referrer

Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Return to footnote 155 referrer

Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Return to footnote 156 referrer

Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Return to footnote 157 referrer

Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Return to footnote 158 referrer

Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Return to footnote 159 referrer

Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Return to footnote 160 referrer

Footnote 161

Return to footnote 161 referrer

Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Return to footnote 162 referrer

Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Return to footnote 163 referrer

Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Return to footnote 164 referrer

Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Return to footnote 165 referrer

Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Return to footnote 166 referrer

Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Return to footnote 167 referrer

Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

Return to footnote 168 referrer

Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

Return to footnote 169 referrer

Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

Return to footnote 170 referrer

Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

Return to footnote 171 referrer

Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Return to footnote 172 referrer

Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

Return to footnote 173 referrer

Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Return to footnote 174 referrer

Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Return to footnote 175 referrer

Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Return to footnote 176 referrer

Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Return to footnote 177 referrer

Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

Return to footnote 178 referrer

Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 179 referrer

Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 180 referrer

Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 181 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Windsor [Population centre], Ontario and Alberta [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 6, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Windsor [Population centre], Ontario and Alberta [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Windsor [Population centre], Ontario and Alberta [Province]

Source

How to cite

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Windsor [Population centre], Ontario and Alberta [Province]