Census Profile, 2016 Census
Nova Scotia [Province] and New Brunswick [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Nova Scotia [Province]			New Brunswick [Province]
	Data quality , Nova Scotia [Province] Map : Nova Scotia [Province] Change geography 1			Data quality : New Brunswick [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	923,598	...	...	747,101	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	921,727	...	...	751,171	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	0.2	...	...	-0.5	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	458,568	...	...	359,721	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	401,990	...	...	319,773	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	17.4	...	...	10.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	52,942.27	...	...	71,388.81	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	923,600	446,885	476,715	747,105	365,355	381,745
0 to 14 years	133,825	68,370	65,455	110,495	56,320	54,180
0 to 4 years	42,005	21,365	20,640	34,365	17,505	16,860
5 to 9 years	45,980	23,650	22,330	38,250	19,515	18,735
10 to 14 years	45,845	23,350	22,490	37,880	19,295	18,585
15 to 64 years	605,950	295,100	310,845	487,820	240,535	247,285
15 to 19 years	51,255	26,240	25,015	40,605	20,905	19,705
20 to 24 years	56,160	28,150	28,010	41,445	21,280	20,165
25 to 29 years	53,725	26,790	26,940	39,245	19,745	19,505
30 to 34 years	51,730	25,130	26,600	41,510	20,140	21,365
35 to 39 years	52,010	24,560	27,450	44,435	21,585	22,850
40 to 44 years	57,050	27,245	29,805	48,430	23,520	24,910
45 to 49 years	61,890	29,720	32,170	51,300	25,195	26,105
50 to 54 years	75,675	36,615	39,065	61,055	29,795	31,265
55 to 59 years	76,505	36,925	39,580	61,740	30,210	31,530
60 to 64 years	69,960	33,735	36,225	58,060	28,170	29,895
65 years and over	183,820	83,415	100,405	148,785	68,500	80,280
65 to 69 years	63,710	30,810	32,905	52,160	25,595	26,570
70 to 74 years	45,005	21,520	23,485	36,050	17,695	18,360
75 to 79 years	31,545	14,520	17,030	25,300	11,835	13,465
80 to 84 years	21,915	9,425	12,495	17,650	7,515	10,135
85 years and over	21,645	7,140	14,505	17,620	5,860	11,765
85 to 89 years	13,205	4,845	8,360	10,670	3,910	6,760
90 to 94 years	6,320	1,830	4,485	5,305	1,595	3,715
95 to 99 years	1,855	415	1,430	1,435	330	1,110
100 years and over	270	45	225	205	30	185
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.5	15.3	13.7	14.8	15.4	14.2
15 to 64 years	65.6	66.0	65.2	65.3	65.8	64.8
65 years and over	19.9	18.7	21.1	19.9	18.7	21.0
85 years and over	2.3	1.6	3.0	2.4	1.6	3.1
Average age of the population	43.5	42.5	44.4	43.6	42.7	44.5
Median age of the population	45.5	44.5	46.4	45.7	44.8	46.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	401,990	...	...	319,770	...	...
Single-detached house	263,470	...	...	221,515	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	21,350	...	...	3,945	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	102,300	...	...	80,515	...	...
Semi-detached house	20,465	...	...	12,470	...	...
Row house	10,215	...	...	9,015	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	12,435	...	...	13,545	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	58,405	...	...	44,260	...	...
Other single-attached house	780	...	...	1,230	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	14,870	...	...	13,795	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	401,990	...	...	319,775	...	...
1 person	118,670	...	...	89,480	...	...
2 persons	156,825	...	...	126,820	...	...
3 persons	60,250	...	...	49,465	...	...
4 persons	44,970	...	...	37,625	...	...
5 or more persons	21,275	...	...	16,385	...	...
Number of persons in private households	908,340	...	...	730,705	...	...
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	789,770	378,515	411,255	636,605	309,040	327,570
Married or living common law	454,970	227,220	227,750	379,605	189,790	189,820
Married	369,695	184,705	184,990	302,020	151,100	150,925
Living common law	85,275	42,515	42,760	77,580	38,685	38,895
Not married and not living common law	334,800	151,295	183,505	257,000	119,250	137,745
Never married	209,455	110,175	99,280	158,070	85,640	72,430
Separated	24,105	10,450	13,655	21,290	9,530	11,760
Divorced	48,835	19,715	29,115	35,680	15,275	20,405
Widowed	52,405	10,955	41,455	41,965	8,805	33,160
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	270,965	...	...	222,865	...	...
2 persons	157,600	...	...	129,065	...	...
3 persons	56,625	...	...	47,015	...	...
4 persons	41,095	...	...	34,860	...	...
5 or more persons	15,645	...	...	11,920	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	270,965	...	...	222,865	...	...
Total couple families	224,065	...	...	186,680	...	...
Married couples	181,435	...	...	147,900	...	...
Common-law couples	42,630	...	...	38,780	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	46,900	...	...	36,185	...	...
Female parent	37,595	...	...	28,650	...	...
Male parent	9,305	...	...	7,530	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	224,065	...	...	186,675	...	...
Couples without children	128,125	...	...	105,625	...	...
Couples with children	95,940	...	...	81,060	...	...
1 child	43,810	...	...	37,440	...	...
2 children	37,595	...	...	32,380	...	...
3 or more children	14,535	...	...	11,235	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	46,900	...	...	36,185	...	...
1 child	29,480	...	...	23,440	...	...
2 children	12,810	...	...	9,570	...	...
3 or more children	4,610	...	...	3,170	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	175,575	81,140	94,435	128,775	61,010	67,770
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	401,990	...	...	319,770	...	...
One-census-family households	260,280	...	...	214,235	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	124,000	...	...	102,170	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	136,280	...	...	112,070	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	5,285	...	...	4,280	...	...
Non-census-family households	136,425	...	...	101,255	...	...
One-person households	118,675	...	...	89,480	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	17,750	...	...	11,775	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	912,300	442,470	469,830	736,280	360,440	375,840
English only	813,480	398,950	414,530	420,820	210,555	210,260
French only	705	305	400	63,140	29,955	33,190
English and French	95,380	41,925	53,460	249,950	118,705	131,245
Neither English nor French	2,735	1,295	1,440	2,370	1,220	1,150
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	912,295	442,470	469,830	736,280	360,440	375,845
English	879,465	426,535	452,930	498,365	244,230	254,135
French	28,490	13,890	14,600	232,450	113,500	118,945
English and French	1,760	825	930	3,210	1,550	1,655
Neither English nor French	2,585	1,215	1,365	2,255	1,150	1,100
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	29,370	14,300	15,070	234,055	114,280	119,775
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	3.2	3.2	3.2	31.8	31.7	31.9
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	912,295	442,470	469,830	736,280	360,440	375,845
Single responses	904,240	438,550	465,690	726,990	356,005	370,990
Official languages	859,690	416,245	443,445	703,840	344,285	359,555
English	830,220	401,980	428,240	472,725	231,595	241,135
French	29,465	14,265	15,205	231,110	112,690	118,415
Non-official languages	44,550	22,305	22,245	23,150	11,715	11,435
Aboriginal languages	4,290	2,020	2,270	2,165	1,035	1,135
Algonquian languages	4,210	1,985	2,225	2,130	1,020	1,110
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	15	10	5	10	5	5
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	5	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	5	5	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0	5	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	4,190	1,975	2,215	2,115	1,010	1,105
Malecite	10	5	5	280	125	155
Mi'kmaq	4,185	1,970	2,215	1,835	885	950
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	5	5	10	5	5
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	10	0	10	5	5	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Athabaskan languages	5	5	0	5	0	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	5	5	5	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	5	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	60	30	35	20	5	15
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Inuktitut	55	30	30	15	5	10
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	5	5	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	5	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	5	0	0	10	0	5
Non-Aboriginal languages	40,260	20,285	19,975	20,990	10,685	10,300
Afro-Asiatic languages	7,760	4,275	3,480	3,190	1,805	1,385
Berber languages	10	10	0	40	25	15
Kabyle	5	0	0	20	10	5
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	25	15	10
Cushitic languages	130	65	65	30	15	20
Bilen	5	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	60	30	25	5	5	5
Somali	50	20	30	25	10	15
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages	7,615	4,205	3,415	3,110	1,760	1,355
Amharic	115	50	65	65	35	25
Arabic	7,110	3,950	3,165	2,855	1,615	1,235
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	5	5	5	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	5	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	210	115	95	170	90	80
Maltese	15	10	5	0	0	5
Tigrigna	140	65	80	20	15	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	5	5	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	505	245	260	635	305	330
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	5	5	10	5	10
Vietnamese	490	240	250	620	305	320
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	2,235	940	1,300	1,375	510	865
Bikol	5	5	5	5	0	5
Cebuano	150	60	90	105	35	65
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	25	10	15	15	5	10
Ilocano	55	15	40	50	15	35
Malagasy	0	5	0	15	5	10
Malay	55	25	35	45	20	30
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	5	5	5	0	5
Pangasinan	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,905	810	1,090	1,120	420	700
Waray-Waray	5	0	5	5	0	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	15	5	10
Creole languages	95	60	35	135	70	65
Haitian Creole	5	5	0	15	10	5
Creole, n.o.s.	35	20	10	80	30	50
Creole languages, n.i.e.	55	35	20	40	30	10
Dravidian languages	1,010	595	420	285	155	130
Kannada	40	20	15	20	15	10
Malayalam	365	205	165	40	15	20
Tamil	315	185	130	105	60	50
Telugu	285	180	110	110	60	45
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	5	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Indo-European languages	18,590	9,320	9,270	9,325	4,790	4,530
Albanian	275	130	140	50	25	25
Armenian	35	30	10	30	15	10
Balto-Slavic languages	3,470	1,645	1,830	1,740	865	875
Baltic languages	100	35	60	55	30	30
Latvian	50	20	30	25	10	10
Lithuanian	45	15	30	35	15	15
Slavic languages	3,375	1,610	1,765	1,685	835	850
Belarusan	5	5	5	5	5	0
Bosnian	120	60	65	50	25	25
Bulgarian	55	25	30	20	10	10
Croatian	225	105	115	75	35	40
Czech	205	105	100	55	25	25
Macedonian	20	10	15	15	10	5
Polish	795	365	435	230	105	125
Russian	1,285	615	670	880	440	435
Serbian	115	60	65	105	55	45
Serbo-Croatian	80	40	40	35	15	20
Slovak	100	45	55	25	15	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	35	15	15	15	10	10
Ukrainian	320	155	170	170	85	90
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	185	80	100	30	5	20
Scottish Gaelic	145	65	85	15	5	10
Welsh	30	10	15	10	0	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	5	0
Germanic languages	5,700	2,800	2,900	2,875	1,415	1,465
Afrikaans	120	55	60	50	30	25
Danish	160	105	60	125	55	75
Dutch	1,620	815	805	885	470	410
Frisian	35	20	15	35	25	10
German	3,435	1,645	1,790	1,650	780	865
Icelandic	45	20	20	5	0	0
Norwegian	110	60	50	40	25	20
Swedish	110	45	65	50	15	35
Vlaams (Flemish)	25	10	10	20	10	10
Yiddish	20	10	5	10	5	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	20	5	15	5	0	0
Greek	760	390	365	145	100	50
Indo-Iranian languages	4,835	2,650	2,190	1,850	1,020	835
Indo-Aryan languages	3,385	1,895	1,490	1,175	655	525
Bengali	475	290	185	205	120	85
Gujarati	195	125	70	75	40	30
Hindi	745	445	300	225	135	95
Kashmiri	10	5	5	0	0	0
Konkani	5	5	5	10	5	5
Marathi	70	35	35	50	20	25
Nepali	530	255	275	180	90	90
Oriya (Odia)	10	5	5	0	0	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	585	310	270	125	75	50
Sindhi	20	10	5	25	10	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	165	85	85	30	15	15
Urdu	575	330	245	240	140	100
Iranian languages	1,425	740	690	655	355	305
Kurdish	115	65	50	55	30	25
Pashto	80	45	35	25	15	10
Persian (Farsi)	1,230	630	605	580	310	270
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	15	10	10
Italic (Romance) languages	3,335	1,605	1,730	2,605	1,355	1,250
Catalan	10	5	5	5	5	0
Italian	745	400	340	400	225	175
Portuguese	520	245	270	260	130	130
Romanian	225	110	120	485	250	240
Spanish	1,830	840	985	1,460	755	705
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	5	0	0
Japanese	360	100	260	110	25	85
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	1,095	475	620	1,550	800	750
Mongolic languages	5	5	5	5	5	0
Mongolian	0	5	0	5	5	5
Niger-Congo languages	630	325	305	700	385	315
Akan (Twi)	40	25	25	25	10	10
Bamanankan	15	5	5	60	35	25
Edo	5	0	5	0	0	0
Ewe	40	25	10	5	5	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	0	40	30	15
Ga	10	5	5	5	5	5
Ganda	20	5	15	10	0	0
Igbo	45	20	20	30	20	10
Lingala	5	0	5	25	15	15
Rundi (Kirundi)	20	10	5	45	25	20
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	50	15	30	40	20	20
Shona	30	15	15	20	10	10
Swahili	135	65	70	135	65	70
Wolof	10	10	0	25	20	10
Yoruba	65	35	30	30	15	20
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	140	75	70	195	105	85
Nilo-Saharan languages	75	40	40	5	0	0
Dinka	20	10	10	5	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	55	25	25	5	0	0
Sign languages	190	90	100	145	75	70
American Sign Language	85	40	50	40	20	30
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	105	50	55	95	55	45
Sino-Tibetan languages	6,665	3,335	3,330	3,115	1,570	1,545
Chinese languages	6,635	3,320	3,315	3,085	1,555	1,530
Cantonese	1,145	535	610	440	225	210
Hakka	20	5	15	20	10	10
Mandarin	4,640	2,325	2,315	2,250	1,105	1,150
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	5	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	120	50	70	35	15	15
Wu (Shanghainese)	50	30	20	100	45	55
Chinese, n.o.s.	645	365	280	240	150	85
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	5	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	30	15	20	30	15	15
Burmese	15	5	10	0	0	5
Karenic languages	0	0	0	25	15	10
Tibetan	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	155	55	100	60	15	50
Lao	10	0	5	5	0	0
Thai	150	50	100	55	10	45
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	445	240	205	105	60	45
Azerbaijani	10	10	5	5	5	5
Turkish	305	165	140	75	50	30
Uyghur	5	5	5	0	0	0
Uzbek	110	60	50	10	5	5
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	10	5	5
Uralic languages	415	180	235	250	115	135
Estonian	40	20	25	20	5	10
Finnish	95	30	60	45	15	30
Hungarian	275	130	150	185	90	95
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	25	10	10
Multiple responses	8,060	3,920	4,140	9,290	4,440	4,855
English and French	3,445	1,600	1,850	7,285	3,470	3,815
English and non-official language	4,180	2,110	2,070	1,535	725	810
French and non-official language	225	115	105	330	175	155
English, French and non-official language	210	90	120	145	65	75
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	912,300	442,470	469,830	736,280	360,435	375,845
Single responses	900,755	436,755	464,000	724,940	355,025	369,910
Official languages	878,015	425,220	452,795	712,250	348,510	363,740
English	863,550	418,315	445,240	505,935	247,610	258,325
French	14,460	6,910	7,560	206,315	100,900	105,415
Non-official languages	22,740	11,540	11,205	12,690	6,515	6,175
Aboriginal languages	2,570	1,285	1,295	820	400	420
Algonquian languages	2,565	1,280	1,285	820	395	420
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	5	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	2,560	1,280	1,280	815	395	420
Malecite	0	0	0	50	25	25
Mi'kmaq	2,560	1,275	1,280	765	370	395
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	5	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	5	0	5	5	5	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	5	0	0	5	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	5	0	5	5	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	20,170	10,255	9,915	11,870	6,115	5,750
Afro-Asiatic languages	4,630	2,450	2,180	2,285	1,210	1,075
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	85	40	45	20	10	10
Bilen	5	0	5	0	0	0
Oromo	45	20	25	0	0	0
Somali	25	10	15	20	5	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages	4,540	2,405	2,130	2,265	1,200	1,065
Amharic	55	25	30	20	10	10
Arabic	4,260	2,270	1,990	2,110	1,125	990
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	5	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	5	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	125	70	55	130	60	70
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	5
Tigrigna	95	40	55	5	0	5
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	330	160	165	525	255	270
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Vietnamese	330	165	170	520	250	270
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	1,140	550	585	510	235	270
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	55	20	35	40	15	25
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	5	5	5	0	0	0
Ilocano	15	5	5	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	5	0	5
Malay	0	0	5	15	0	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,065	520	545	450	215	235
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Creole languages	35	20	20	65	25	35
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	5	5	20	0	15
Creole languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	45	20	20
Dravidian languages	425	240	185	110	60	45
Kannada	15	5	10	5	0	0
Malayalam	140	75	60	20	5	10
Tamil	140	80	60	35	20	20
Telugu	125	80	50	45	30	15
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	5	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	7,410	3,715	3,690	4,160	2,175	1,990
Albanian	110	60	55	30	15	10
Armenian	15	10	10	20	5	10
Balto-Slavic languages	1,405	680	720	975	505	470
Baltic languages	30	10	15	35	20	15
Latvian	10	5	10	10	5	5
Lithuanian	15	5	10	25	15	10
Slavic languages	1,375	675	700	935	480	455
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	65	30	30	25	15	10
Bulgarian	25	15	10	5	5	0
Croatian	65	25	40	25	10	15
Czech	45	25	20	5	0	5
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	235	105	125	55	25	30
Russian	785	385	390	620	320	305
Serbian	60	25	35	80	45	35
Serbo-Croatian	30	15	10	5	5	5
Slovak	20	10	15	5	5	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	55	30	20	90	50	40
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	60	35	30	10	0	5
Scottish Gaelic	60	35	30	5	0	5
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,490	725	760	640	320	320
Afrikaans	30	15	15	35	15	20
Danish	15	0	15	5	5	5
Dutch	135	70	70	150	80	75
Frisian	5	0	0	5	0	5
German	1,225	600	625	425	215	210
Icelandic	30	10	15	0	0	0
Norwegian	20	5	10	5	0	5
Swedish	15	5	5	5	0	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	5	10	5	5
Yiddish	5	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0	0	0
Greek	270	135	130	45	25	25
Indo-Iranian languages	2,815	1,475	1,335	1,140	595	545
Indo-Aryan languages	1,850	995	860	655	335	325
Bengali	250	135	115	130	70	60
Gujarati	100	60	35	40	15	20
Hindi	310	190	120	115	60	50
Kashmiri	5	5	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	5	5	0
Marathi	30	15	15	20	10	10
Nepali	475	235	240	135	60	75
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	250	125	125	50	25	25
Sindhi	5	5	0	10	5	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	95	45	50	5	5	5
Urdu	340	175	165	140	75	70
Iranian languages	960	475	480	470	255	220
Kurdish	85	50	40	35	25	10
Pashto	45	20	20	15	5	5
Persian (Farsi)	825	405	420	425	225	195
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	15	10	5
Italic (Romance) languages	1,240	595	645	1,305	705	600
Catalan	5	0	0	5	5	0
Italian	165	70	85	85	40	45
Portuguese	195	90	105	110	50	60
Romanian	70	35	35	290	145	140
Spanish	810	390	420	820	470	350
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	110	35	70	20	10	15
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	710	330	385	1,245	645	605
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	165	80	85	240	125	120
Akan (Twi)	10	0	10	10	5	10
Bamanankan	0	0	0	20	15	5
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	15	5	5	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	10	10	5
Ga	5	0	0	5	0	0
Ganda	5	0	5	0	0	0
Igbo	15	5	5	5	5	0
Lingala	0	5	0	10	5	5
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	5	5	20	15	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	10	10	10	5	5
Shona	0	0	0	5	0	5
Swahili	60	30	35	80	35	45
Wolof	0	0	0	5	5	0
Yoruba	20	10	10	5	5	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	50	25	25
Nilo-Saharan languages	35	20	20	0	0	0
Dinka	10	5	10	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0	0	0
Sign languages	285	145	140	200	115	85
American Sign Language	110	55	60	55	30	25
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	175	90	80	150	90	60
Sino-Tibetan languages	4,550	2,345	2,200	2,390	1,210	1,175
Chinese languages	4,545	2,345	2,200	2,365	1,195	1,170
Cantonese	640	335	310	260	130	130
Hakka	5	0	0	5	0	0
Mandarin	3,410	1,740	1,675	1,855	930	920
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	45	25	25	15	10	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	25	10	10	85	40	45
Chinese, n.o.s.	415	235	180	140	80	55
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	10	0	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	5	25	15	10
Burmese	0	0	0	5	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	20	10	10
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	55	20	35	10	0	5
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	55	15	35	10	5	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	215	110	105	30	15	10
Azerbaijani	5	5	0	0	0	0
Turkish	140	70	75	25	15	5
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	70	40	30	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	75	35	40	70	35	40
Estonian	5	5	5	5	0	0
Finnish	15	10	5	5	5	5
Hungarian	55	25	30	55	30	30
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	11,540	5,715	5,825	11,345	5,415	5,925
English and French	2,180	995	1,185	7,275	3,370	3,905
English and non-official language	8,970	4,515	4,450	3,435	1,715	1,720
French and non-official language	75	40	30	340	185	160
English, French and non-official language	315	155	160	290	140	145
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	912,295	442,470	469,825	736,280	360,435	375,845
None	861,780	418,525	443,260	647,960	318,560	329,400
English	17,005	8,480	8,525	49,925	24,065	25,855
French	16,390	7,210	9,175	30,030	13,760	16,275
Non-official language	16,275	7,850	8,420	7,545	3,650	3,895
Aboriginal	2,135	930	1,205	1,300	625	685
Non-Aboriginal	14,135	6,920	7,220	6,240	3,030	3,210
English and French	150	70	80	180	90	90
English and non-official language	220	105	115	300	160	145
French and non-official language	470	230	245	335	155	185
English, French and non-official language	5	5	0	10	5	5
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	774,750	372,455	402,290	620,390	301,645	318,745
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	744,260	358,055	386,205	594,705	289,220	305,485
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,813	38,379	26,750	30,961	37,516	25,796
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	744,545	358,085	386,455	594,920	289,245	305,680
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,627	33,642	24,590	28,107	33,169	23,945
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	648,960	320,380	328,580	516,780	259,945	256,835
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,938	36,363	24,497	28,444	34,830	23,278
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	554,985	243,860	311,130	439,645	193,975	245,675
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,438	8,175	6,961	8,164	9,210	7,321
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	523,020	264,375	258,645	423,915	219,135	204,780
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,979	35,676	25,405	29,124	34,784	24,769
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	774,750	372,455	402,295	620,395	301,650	318,745
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	744,275	357,820	386,455	594,650	289,140	305,510
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,479	49,413	34,132	39,141	46,154	32,504
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	744,560	357,855	386,710	594,870	289,165	305,700
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,175	39,776	28,993	33,022	38,151	28,171
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	648,910	320,370	328,540	516,685	259,855	256,830
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,299	48,457	32,345	37,432	44,240	30,543
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	555,740	243,445	312,295	440,195	194,240	245,955
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,495	8,859	8,211	8,938	9,519	8,480
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	523,020	264,475	258,545	423,915	218,800	205,110
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,522	46,606	32,275	37,611	43,456	31,376
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	774,750	372,455	402,295	620,390	301,645	318,745
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	245,425	131,095	114,325	197,290	104,215	93,075
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	47,665	53,785	42,236	46,349	52,010	41,058
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	56,820	63,886	48,717	54,011	60,796	46,415
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	84.6	87.7	80.7	83.2	86.2	79.0
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	66.9	69.7	63.3	68.5	71.3	64.7
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	15.4	12.3	19.3	16.8	13.8	21.0
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	774,750	372,455	402,295	620,390	301,650	318,745
Without total income	30,485	14,395	16,090	25,680	12,430	13,260
With total income	744,265	358,060	386,205	594,710	289,220	305,490
Percentage with total income	96.1	96.1	96.0	95.9	95.9	95.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	104,125	43,575	60,545	80,700	32,655	48,050
$10,000 to $19,999	134,355	50,310	84,050	109,015	40,415	68,600
$20,000 to $29,999	114,855	47,195	67,660	99,025	40,480	58,540
$30,000 to $39,999	98,325	45,040	53,280	83,770	41,360	42,405
$40,000 to $49,999	79,435	39,605	39,830	65,795	35,080	30,715
$50,000 to $59,999	57,255	32,255	25,000	44,810	26,560	18,250
$60,000 to $69,999	41,715	25,830	15,885	32,185	20,270	11,920
$70,000 to $79,999	33,195	19,945	13,250	24,565	14,130	10,430
$80,000 to $89,999	25,500	14,900	10,605	17,095	9,915	7,180
$90,000 to $99,999	15,530	10,095	5,435	10,240	6,980	3,260
$100,000 and over	39,965	29,300	10,665	27,515	21,380	6,135
$100,000 to $149,999	28,130	20,205	7,925	19,765	15,195	4,570
$150,000 and over	11,835	9,095	2,745	7,750	6,185	1,565
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	774,750	372,455	402,295	620,390	301,645	318,750
Without after-tax income	30,205	14,370	15,840	25,470	12,405	13,070
With after-tax income	744,540	358,085	386,455	594,920	289,240	305,680
Percentage with after-tax income	96.1	96.1	96.1	95.9	95.9	95.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	108,630	44,435	64,195	83,590	33,140	50,455
$10,000 to $19,999	142,975	54,160	88,815	115,730	43,245	72,485
$20,000 to $29,999	138,435	58,900	79,535	118,940	51,335	67,610
$30,000 to $39,999	119,130	56,990	62,145	98,230	50,770	47,460
$40,000 to $49,999	84,245	46,675	37,565	67,470	38,665	28,810
$50,000 to $59,999	56,235	34,590	21,645	42,775	26,495	16,280
$60,000 to $69,999	39,320	23,195	16,125	28,790	16,435	12,355
$70,000 to $79,999	21,210	13,950	7,260	14,945	10,205	4,740
$80,000 and over	34,360	25,185	9,170	24,450	18,955	5,500
$80,000 to $89,999	11,615	8,185	3,430	8,385	6,340	2,040
$90,000 to $99,999	6,825	4,950	1,875	5,060	3,970	1,090
$100,000 and over	15,915	12,050	3,860	11,005	8,640	2,365
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	774,745	372,455	402,295	620,390	301,645	318,745
Without employment income	251,730	108,080	143,650	196,475	82,515	113,965
With employment income	523,020	264,370	258,640	423,910	219,140	204,775
Percentage with employment income	67.5	71.0	64.3	68.3	72.6	64.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	72,940	34,125	38,820	54,590	26,540	28,045
$5,000 to $9,999	45,820	19,475	26,350	36,840	15,720	21,120
$10,000 to $19,999	76,685	33,555	43,130	65,895	29,920	35,975
$20,000 to $29,999	66,155	29,385	36,770	59,240	25,955	33,280
$30,000 to $39,999	60,485	27,455	33,035	50,190	24,930	25,260
$40,000 to $49,999	49,395	24,470	24,925	42,140	22,160	19,980
$50,000 to $59,999	37,685	21,735	15,955	29,910	18,180	11,730
$60,000 to $69,999	28,695	17,955	10,740	23,390	14,620	8,770
$70,000 to $79,999	24,970	14,750	10,220	19,515	10,565	8,950
$80,000 and over	60,175	41,470	18,705	42,210	30,540	11,665
$80,000 to $89,999	20,175	11,645	8,535	13,190	7,840	5,345
$90,000 to $99,999	11,685	7,975	3,715	8,105	5,685	2,420
$100,000 and over	28,310	21,850	6,460	20,915	17,015	3,895
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	401,990	...	...	319,770	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	60,764	...	...	59,347	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	53,129	...	...	52,553	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	118,670	...	...	89,480	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	30,377	...	...	28,747	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	27,511	...	...	26,387	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	283,320	...	...	230,290	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	77,136	...	...	74,207	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	66,538	...	...	65,063	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	401,990	...	...	319,775	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	76,797	...	...	72,786	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	63,299	...	...	61,431	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	118,705	...	...	89,455	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	39,601	...	...	36,505	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	32,962	...	...	31,242	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	283,285	...	...	230,320	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	92,383	...	...	86,878	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	76,011	...	...	73,156	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	401,990	...	...	319,775	...	...
Under $5,000	6,830	...	...	3,940	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	7,755	...	...	7,800	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	12,330	...	...	6,835	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	20,155	...	...	17,765	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	20,210	...	...	16,400	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	18,700	...	...	16,335	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	21,645	...	...	17,830	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	19,995	...	...	16,875	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	19,285	...	...	15,365	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	18,235	...	...	14,845	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	33,450	...	...	27,735	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	30,470	...	...	25,205	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	27,755	...	...	22,750	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	24,340	...	...	19,415	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	20,240	...	...	16,030	...	...
$100,000 and over	100,600	...	...	74,655	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	38,090	...	...	29,535	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	24,330	...	...	18,605	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	23,445	...	...	17,050	...	...
$200,000 and over	14,730	...	...	9,460	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	401,990	...	...	319,770	...	...
Under $5,000	7,145	...	...	4,090	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	7,885	...	...	7,880	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	12,545	...	...	6,980	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	21,370	...	...	18,630	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	23,030	...	...	18,705	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	22,365	...	...	18,580	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	25,495	...	...	20,540	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	23,945	...	...	19,550	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	22,630	...	...	18,165	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	21,635	...	...	17,920	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	40,585	...	...	32,930	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	35,920	...	...	29,175	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	29,795	...	...	23,970	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	24,160	...	...	19,330	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	19,275	...	...	15,105	...	...
$100,000 and over	64,210	...	...	48,225	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	31,985	...	...	25,135	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	15,940	...	...	11,980	...	...
$150,000 and over	16,280	...	...	11,110	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	269,560	...	...	221,680	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	77,529	...	...	74,353	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	66,728	...	...	65,100	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	121,200	...	...	99,865	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	71,495	...	...	67,988	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	61,883	...	...	59,801	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	97,460	...	...	82,260	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	104,981	...	...	100,315	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	88,099	...	...	85,717	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	43,560	...	...	33,580	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	45,597	...	...	42,992	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	42,309	...	...	40,671	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	269,510	...	...	221,740	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	93,027	...	...	87,048	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	76,371	...	...	73,197	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	121,285	...	...	99,840	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	85,511	...	...	79,085	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	70,143	...	...	66,576	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	97,490	...	...	82,415	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	119,890	...	...	111,901	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	97,021	...	...	92,699	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	43,470	...	...	33,455	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	54,587	...	...	51,119	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	47,700	...	...	45,687	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	157,715	73,825	83,890	114,825	54,970	59,850
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	28,180	30,235	26,673	27,250	30,122	25,182
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	25,848	27,176	24,859	25,167	27,154	23,916
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	157,410	73,440	83,970	114,375	54,300	60,075
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	36,847	38,945	35,012	34,738	37,330	32,395
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	30,893	31,946	29,973	29,845	31,431	28,411
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	908,340	440,700	467,640	730,710	357,860	372,850
In the bottom half of the distribution	519,830	244,725	275,105	428,180	204,170	224,005
In the bottom decile	105,810	49,730	56,080	80,120	37,430	42,695
In the second decile	112,825	49,900	62,920	94,165	42,190	51,980
In the third decile	102,515	48,345	54,175	87,075	41,905	45,170
In the fourth decile	100,645	48,515	52,130	85,610	42,275	43,335
In the fifth decile	98,030	48,235	49,800	81,200	40,375	40,825
In the top half of the distribution	388,510	195,975	192,540	302,530	153,685	148,845
In the sixth decile	94,350	47,240	47,110	77,345	38,915	38,425
In the seventh decile	89,765	45,260	44,505	73,185	37,190	36,005
In the eighth decile	83,140	41,815	41,330	65,090	32,815	32,275
In the ninth decile	69,850	35,450	34,400	52,050	26,635	25,410
In the top decile	51,410	26,210	25,195	34,860	18,130	16,730
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	898,345	435,895	462,450	722,550	353,870	368,680
0 to 17 years	159,820	81,670	78,150	131,930	67,285	64,645
0 to 5 years	49,595	25,280	24,310	40,900	20,805	20,100
18 to 64 years	565,395	274,120	291,275	452,805	221,675	231,130
65 years and over	173,125	80,100	93,025	137,820	64,915	72,905
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	154,955	70,415	84,540	123,820	55,990	67,825
0 to 17 years	35,525	18,145	17,380	29,250	14,930	14,320
0 to 5 years	12,740	6,470	6,275	10,285	5,260	5,030
18 to 64 years	88,355	40,375	47,985	66,745	29,975	36,770
65 years and over	31,075	11,890	19,185	27,830	11,090	16,745
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	17.2	16.2	18.3	17.1	15.8	18.4
0 to 17 years (%)	22.2	22.2	22.2	22.2	22.2	22.2
0 to 5 years (%)	25.7	25.6	25.8	25.1	25.3	25.0
18 to 64 years (%)	15.6	14.7	16.5	14.7	13.5	15.9
65 years and over (%)	17.9	14.8	20.6	20.2	17.1	23.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	70,745	34,290	36,460	49,830	24,165	25,660
0 to 17 years	15,285	7,805	7,485	11,520	5,890	5,630
0 to 5 years	5,645	2,870	2,775	4,200	2,145	2,055
18 to 64 years	52,220	25,185	27,030	35,680	17,255	18,425
65 years and over	3,240	1,295	1,945	2,630	1,025	1,605
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	7.9	7.9	7.9	6.9	6.8	7.0
0 to 17 years (%)	9.6	9.6	9.6	8.7	8.8	8.7
0 to 5 years (%)	11.4	11.4	11.4	10.3	10.3	10.2
18 to 64 years (%)	9.2	9.2	9.3	7.9	7.8	8.0
65 years and over (%)	1.9	1.6	2.1	1.9	1.6	2.2
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	908,340	440,730	467,605	730,710	357,855	372,850
Official languages	905,700	439,525	466,180	728,310	356,615	371,690
English	905,020	439,215	465,805	666,315	326,905	339,415
French	95,740	42,150	53,585	310,550	147,845	162,705
Non-official languages	64,100	31,380	32,725	34,880	17,355	17,525
Aboriginal languages	5,645	2,685	2,960	3,065	1,470	1,595
Algonquian languages	5,575	2,635	2,935	2,990	1,455	1,540
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	20	15	10	10	0	10
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	10	0	0	0	0	10
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	5,550	2,625	2,920	2,965	1,435	1,530
Malecite	10	0	10	720	335	385
Mi'kmaq	5,540	2,625	2,920	2,265	1,115	1,150
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	10	15	15	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	10	0
Ojibway	10	0	10	10	10	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	15	15	10	10	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	10	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	10	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	10	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	35	25	15	55	10	45
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	30	15	10	45	10	40
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	10	10	0	10	0	10
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	10	10	0	10	0	10
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	10	0	10	10	10	0
Salish languages	10	0	0	0	10	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	58,490	28,715	29,770	31,865	15,915	15,955
Afro-Asiatic languages	10,730	5,745	4,985	4,355	2,385	1,980
Berber languages	25	15	15	80	40	35
Kabyle	25	15	15	40	20	15
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	25	20
Cushitic languages	155	65	95	15	10	0
Bilen	20	15	10	0	0	0
Oromo	40	15	20	0	0	0
Somali	75	25	55	10	10	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10,635	5,715	4,925	4,300	2,340	1,960
Amharic	260	135	120	165	100	65
Arabic	9,685	5,185	4,500	3,685	2,030	1,660
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	10	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	630	370	260	435	205	230
Maltese	25	0	25	0	10	0
Tigrigna	140	65	70	50	25	25
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	15	15	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	575	260	310	835	430	400
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	0	10	10	0	0
Vietnamese	555	255	300	820	435	390
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Austronesian languages	3,035	1,275	1,760	1,790	695	1,090
Bikol	10	0	10	10	0	10
Cebuano	185	80	100	185	70	115
Fijian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	45	20	30	35	10	30
Ilocano	70	20	55	50	10	45
Malagasy	10	0	0	25	10	15
Malay	80	25	60	75	20	55
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,835	1,195	1,635	1,595	625	970
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	20	15	0
Creole languages	360	185	175	430	195	235
Haitian Creole	35	20	15	50	20	30
Creole, n.o.s.	120	60	65	240	105	135
Creole languages, n.i.e.	210	115	100	140	75	65
Dravidian languages	1,365	785	580	435	245	195
Kannada	75	45	35	60	30	25
Malayalam	560	310	250	55	35	25
Tamil	450	260	190	190	115	75
Telugu	350	215	135	175	90	85
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Indo-European languages	30,820	15,070	15,755	16,505	8,155	8,350
Albanian	405	185	215	80	45	35
Armenian	80	45	30	60	35	25
Balto-Slavic languages	4,095	1,935	2,160	2,065	1,100	965
Baltic languages	110	35	80	55	40	20
Latvian	50	15	35	20	10	10
Lithuanian	55	15	40	30	20	10
Slavic languages	4,010	1,910	2,105	2,025	1,070	955
Belarusan	10	0	10	10	0	0
Bosnian	145	60	80	75	40	40
Bulgarian	75	35	35	45	15	35
Croatian	275	105	165	95	45	55
Czech	210	95	110	115	65	45
Macedonian	90	55	30	35	25	10
Polish	900	410	490	320	165	160
Russian	1,945	970	970	1,200	630	570
Serbian	180	85	95	90	70	20
Serbo-Croatian	115	70	50	40	30	10
Slovak	145	70	75	45	15	30
Slovene (Slovenian)	35	10	20	15	10	0
Ukrainian	425	180	245	310	145	165
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	10
Celtic languages	1,070	495	580	140	40	100
Scottish Gaelic	910	400	505	95	20	75
Welsh	35	25	10	10	0	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	155	80	75	40	20	20
Germanic languages	9,225	4,490	4,740	4,745	2,360	2,380
Afrikaans	320	140	175	130	70	60
Danish	235	125	110	155	60	95
Dutch	2,105	935	1,165	1,185	560	625
Frisian	60	30	30	50	40	15
German	6,335	3,180	3,155	3,260	1,675	1,580
Icelandic	100	40	60	10	10	0
Norwegian	150	105	40	130	65	65
Swedish	245	115	130	110	45	60
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	10	15	40	20	25
Yiddish	30	15	15	20	20	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	125	45	85	0	0	0
Greek	1,315	670	645	220	125	95
Indo-Iranian languages	6,535	3,635	2,900	2,325	1,275	1,050
Indo-Aryan languages	4,935	2,790	2,140	1,570	875	695
Bengali	625	350	275	225	150	80
Gujarati	240	150	90	110	45	65
Hindi	2,270	1,300	975	790	430	355
Kashmiri	15	0	10	0	0	0
Konkani	15	15	0	0	0	0
Marathi	135	85	45	55	20	30
Nepali	620	315	305	185	90	95
Oriya (Odia)	20	10	15	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,010	570	445	205	130	75
Sindhi	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	245	125	120	35	10	20
Urdu	1,090	660	425	355	215	140
Iranian languages	1,625	865	755	805	430	375
Kurdish	185	110	75	130	65	60
Pashto	85	55	30	60	45	20
Persian (Farsi)	1,385	725	660	620	330	285
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	75	40	35	10	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	9,365	4,270	5,100	7,600	3,540	4,055
Catalan	15	10	10	15	10	0
Italian	1,665	845	820	825	405	420
Portuguese	910	480	430	450	250	200
Romanian	240	140	105	555	290	265
Spanish	6,990	3,020	3,970	6,065	2,775	3,290
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	70	55	20	10	0	10
Japanese	865	335	530	430	190	240
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Korean	1,530	685	850	1,695	860	835
Mongolic languages	10	0	10	10	10	10
Mongolian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Niger-Congo languages	1,340	715	620	1,525	890	640
Akan (Twi)	65	40	30	35	15	25
Bamanankan	10	10	10	155	70	85
Edo	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ewe	80	50	30	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	10	0	100	85	15
Ga	30	15	20	10	10	0
Ganda	60	15	40	10	10	0
Igbo	70	45	30	60	50	15
Lingala	30	15	15	125	95	35
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	90	55	35
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	130	65	65	70	40	30
Shona	65	40	35	40	15	25
Swahili	370	200	175	355	185	170
Wolof	35	15	20	70	45	25
Yoruba	250	125	125	60	45	20
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	300	175	130	545	315	230
Nilo-Saharan languages	50	30	20	10	0	0
Dinka	0	0	10	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	45	30	10	0	0	0
Sign languages	1,605	555	1,045	1,155	450	705
American Sign Language	795	235	555	425	150	280
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	15	10	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	815	325	495	745	305	435
Sino-Tibetan languages	7,135	3,615	3,515	3,585	1,885	1,700
Chinese languages	7,115	3,610	3,500	3,510	1,855	1,660
Cantonese	1,555	730	820	610	285	320
Hakka	45	25	25	0	0	0
Mandarin	5,435	2,720	2,710	2,760	1,455	1,310
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	195	75	120	60	30	30
Wu (Shanghainese)	60	35	30	140	65	75
Chinese, n.o.s.	575	340	245	310	195	115
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	10	30
Tibeto-Burman languages	20	10	15	70	30	40
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	65	25	45
Tibetan	20	10	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	240	110	130	85	20	65
Lao	20	0	10	10	0	10
Thai	220	100	120	80	20	60
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	620	320	300	175	105	75
Azerbaijani	20	20	0	0	0	0
Turkish	480	225	255	165	105	60
Uyghur	15	0	10	0	0	0
Uzbek	105	60	40	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	10	0	10
Uralic languages	430	200	230	270	130	140
Estonian	50	25	20	20	15	0
Finnish	120	55	70	35	15	20
Hungarian	255	115	140	220	105	115
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	75	40	35	100	70	30
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	908,340	440,735	467,605	730,710	357,855	372,855
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	878,415	425,340	453,070	710,775	347,905	362,875
Canadian citizens aged under 18	159,440	81,575	77,870	130,785	66,795	63,990
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	718,970	343,770	375,200	579,995	281,110	298,880
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	29,930	15,395	14,535	19,925	9,950	9,980
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	908,340	440,730	467,605	730,710	357,855	372,850
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	842,760	407,740	435,015	692,535	339,090	353,445
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	55,675	27,270	28,405	33,810	16,175	17,640
Before 1981	19,200	9,335	9,865	11,545	5,265	6,275
1981 to 1990	4,800	2,330	2,470	2,735	1,340	1,390
1991 to 2000	6,705	3,140	3,560	2,975	1,490	1,490
2001 to 2010	13,185	6,540	6,645	7,235	3,530	3,710
2001 to 2005	5,105	2,500	2,600	2,435	1,110	1,330
2006 to 2010	8,080	4,035	4,045	4,800	2,415	2,385
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	11,790	5,925	5,865	9,330	4,560	4,770
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	9,900	5,720	4,185	4,360	2,590	1,770
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	55,675	27,270	28,410	33,815	16,175	17,635
Under 5 years	7,280	3,495	3,785	5,135	2,350	2,790
5 to 14 years	10,445	5,240	5,205	7,290	3,585	3,705
15 to 24 years	10,170	4,670	5,500	5,790	2,525	3,265
25 to 44 years	22,980	11,315	11,660	12,640	6,100	6,535
45 years and over	4,800	2,550	2,250	2,955	1,615	1,340
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	55,680	27,270	28,410	33,815	16,175	17,635
Americas	10,610	4,830	5,780	9,420	4,205	5,210
Brazil	175	75	100	55	20	30
Colombia	175	90	85	215	85	130
El Salvador	95	50	45	115	85	30
Guyana	170	85	90	80	40	45
Haiti	55	30	30	170	70	100
Jamaica	480	210	275	120	85	40
Mexico	325	155	175	160	50	110
Peru	105	35	75	60	35	25
Trinidad and Tobago	220	120	100	115	70	40
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	7,375	3,320	4,055	7,620	3,315	4,305
Other places of birth in Americas	1,430	675	750	715	355	360
Europe	22,110	11,195	10,920	10,985	5,335	5,650
Bosnia and Herzegovina	210	115	100	100	55	50
Croatia	180	75	105	60	35	25
France	610	330	280	760	425	340
Germany	2,600	1,270	1,330	1,615	740	880
Greece	505	270	235	95	60	40
Hungary	110	40	65	100	35	65
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	475	225	255	160	75	85
Italy	525	310	215	210	125	85
Netherlands	1,645	790	855	975	505	465
Poland	630	265	365	195	90	100
Portugal	220	140	80	130	85	45
Romania	180	100	80	485	245	240
Russian Federation	585	270	315	245	115	135
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	90	45	45	30	25	10
Ukraine	335	145	195	250	120	130
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	11,275	5,815	5,460	4,600	2,160	2,445
Other places of birth in Europe	1,930	985	945	970	455	515
Africa	3,525	1,855	1,675	2,565	1,420	1,140
Algeria	25	15	15	165	90	75
Egypt	770	395	370	120	75	45
Ethiopia	185	105	85	120	65	60
Kenya	125	75	50	60	30	30
Morocco	80	50	30	200	120	75
Nigeria	350	185	165	115	65	50
Somalia	65	30	35	15	10	10
South Africa, Republic of	460	205	250	165	85	80
Other places of birth in Africa	1,465	790	675	1,615	885	725
Asia	18,955	9,100	9,855	10,625	5,105	5,520
Afghanistan	100	40	60	20	10	0
Bangladesh	315	180	135	100	55	50
China^{Census data footnote 59}	2,830	1,140	1,685	2,210	1,040	1,175
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	280	130	155	120	60	55
India	2,225	1,190	1,040	820	435	380
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	970	525	440	490	260	230
Iraq	525	250	285	70	25	45
Japan	225	60	170	90	15	75
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	870	340	530	1,495	775	720
Lebanon	1,370	755	610	390	225	165
Pakistan	615	315	295	225	130	95
Philippines	2,570	1,035	1,540	1,340	475	870
Sri Lanka	310	140	175	40	15	30
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	1,150	565	580	1,225	605	620
Taiwan	225	100	120	80	25	55
Viet Nam	450	205	245	720	355	365
Other places of birth in Asia	3,930	2,130	1,795	1,195	600	595
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	480	295	180	220	110	110
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	11,785	5,920	5,870	9,325	4,555	4,775
Americas	1,390	675	715	900	430	475
Brazil	95	40	55	20	10	10
Colombia	15	0	15	40	20	15
Cuba	70	40	30	10	10	10
Haiti	20	15	0	45	15	30
Jamaica	195	100	95	40	25	10
Mexico	105	55	45	25	10	20
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	615	310	305	585	285	300
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	15	10	10	25	10	20
Other places of birth in Americas	275	115	165	110	45	70
Europe	2,210	1,165	1,045	1,405	695	710
France	110	55	55	300	165	130
Germany	215	110	100	85	45	45
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	75	50	25	30	15	15
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	25	10	15	25	10	20
Romania	40	25	15	245	130	120
Russian Federation	180	75	100	90	35	55
Ukraine	140	55	80	100	50	50
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	1,080	620	460	240	145	100
Other places of birth in Europe	355	165	190	280	105	180
Africa	1,085	600	485	975	550	425
Algeria	15	0	10	15	20	0
Cameroon	0	0	10	45	35	10
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	55	30	25	155	75	80
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	10	0	0
Egypt	205	105	95	40	20	20
Eritrea	70	40	30	35	15	25
Ethiopia	45	35	10	45	20	25
Morocco	30	15	10	40	30	10
Nigeria	200	100	100	40	15	25
Somalia	10	0	10	10	0	10
South Africa, Republic of	80	35	45	35	20	15
Tunisia	10	10	0	50	30	20
Other places of birth in Africa	365	220	150	455	265	185
Asia	7,035	3,435	3,600	6,015	2,865	3,150
Afghanistan	20	0	20	0	0	0
Bangladesh	80	50	30	25	10	15
China^{Census data footnote 59}	985	465	520	1,390	690	700
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	10	0	0	10	10	0
India	900	490	410	265	140	125
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	260	135	125	255	130	125
Iraq	245	125	120	45	20	25
Israel	280	180	100	200	90	110
Japan	70	25	50	15	0	15
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	225	75	150	600	290	310
Lebanon	75	35	40	130	75	55
Nepal	185	95	85	45	15	35
Pakistan	145	80	65	70	40	30
Philippines	1,500	640	860	925	345	580
Saudi Arabia	125	75	50	45	40	10
Sri Lanka	100	55	50	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	890	420	460	1,145	550	595
Taiwan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Turkey	100	55	40	45	40	10
United Arab Emirates	70	45	20	30	20	10
Viet Nam	65	20	45	500	250	255
Other places of birth in Asia	715	370	345	265	100	160
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	70	50	20	40	25	15
Australia	35	30	0	20	10	10
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	35	15	15	20	10	10
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	908,340	440,735	467,605	730,710	357,855	372,850
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	70,310	35,320	34,990	41,395	20,445	20,955
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	69,125	33,765	35,360	43,370	21,150	22,220
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	768,905	371,645	397,260	645,945	316,270	329,675
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	37,000	18,195	18,805	22,665	11,085	11,575
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	21,830	11,270	10,560	13,205	6,735	6,470
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	8,710	5,865	2,845	5,115	3,595	1,520
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	13,115	5,405	7,710	8,090	3,140	4,950
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	10,415	4,455	5,955	6,100	2,625	3,475
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	4,520	2,345	2,175	3,240	1,675	1,570
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	235	120	115	110	55	60
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	908,340	440,730	467,605	730,710	357,860	372,855
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	51,495	24,900	26,595	29,385	14,690	14,695
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	49,935	24,175	25,765	28,160	14,120	14,040
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	25,830	12,460	13,370	17,575	8,555	9,015
Métis	23,315	11,325	11,985	10,200	5,370	4,835
Inuk (Inuit)	795	385	410	385	190	190
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	835	425	410	470	210	260
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	725	300	420	750	360	390
Non-Aboriginal identity	856,850	415,835	441,015	701,325	343,170	358,155
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	908,340	440,735	467,610	730,705	357,855	372,850
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	18,940	9,135	9,805	14,305	7,085	7,225
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	889,405	431,595	457,800	716,405	350,775	365,625
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	908,340	440,735	467,610	730,710	357,860	372,850
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	15,055	7,255	7,805	12,785	6,335	6,450
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	14,780	7,120	7,655	12,495	6,175	6,320
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	11,995	5,790	6,210	10,635	5,200	5,435
Métis single ancestry	2,560	1,245	1,315	1,695	900	800
Inuit single ancestry	220	85	135	165	75	85
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	275	135	145	290	165	130
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	210	95	115	235	125	110
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	25	20	10	25	15	15
Métis and Inuit ancestries	30	20	15	20	20	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	10	0	10	10	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	58,980	27,665	31,315	33,795	16,295	17,500
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	56,830	26,660	30,170	32,505	15,690	16,815
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	34,375	15,975	18,400	24,255	11,640	12,615
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	21,200	10,120	11,080	7,765	3,810	3,955
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,255	560	690	480	240	245
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	2,145	1,005	1,140	1,295	600	690
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,850	855	995	1,165	540	630
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	135	50	80	60	30	30
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	130	90	45	40	20	25
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	30	10	20	25	15	10
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	834,300	405,810	428,495	684,125	335,230	348,895
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	908,340	440,735	467,605	730,710	357,855	372,850
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	58,650	29,305	29,350	24,535	12,470	12,070
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	7,910	4,385	3,525	2,535	1,385	1,150
Chinese	8,640	4,210	4,435	3,925	1,970	1,955
Black	21,915	10,735	11,175	7,000	3,540	3,460
Filipino	3,400	1,485	1,920	1,980	835	1,145
Latin American	1,685	820	865	1,285	650	635
Arab	8,110	4,375	3,735	2,960	1,650	1,310
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	1,195	525	670	1,230	600	630
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	1,540	805	740	730	415	320
Korean	1,540	685	855	1,685	885	800
Japanese	695	295	405	230	70	160
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	630	300	330	305	135	175
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	1,385	690	695	675	345	330
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	849,690	411,430	438,260	706,170	345,385	360,785
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	908,340	440,730	467,610	730,705	357,860	372,850
North American Aboriginal origins	74,040	34,920	39,115	46,585	22,625	23,955
First Nations (North American Indian)	48,640	22,805	25,835	36,405	17,570	18,840
Inuit	1,840	830	1,010	830	420	410
Métis	26,025	12,435	13,585	10,960	5,435	5,530
Other North American origins	410,825	197,970	212,855	428,865	209,615	219,250
Acadian	23,700	11,050	12,650	29,505	14,455	15,060
American	7,515	3,730	3,785	7,175	3,575	3,605
Canadian	387,360	186,955	200,405	407,370	199,020	208,350
New Brunswicker	35	15	20	240	135	105
Newfoundlander	1,750	835	910	445	190	250
Nova Scotian	1,295	625	665	65	40	25
Ontarian	95	65	35	0	0	10
Québécois	380	190	185	770	410	365
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	20	0	15	20	20	0
European origins	621,525	299,755	321,760	424,850	206,715	218,135
British Isles origins	513,725	246,085	267,645	314,655	151,970	162,690
Channel Islander	90	25	60	125	45	85
Cornish	105	45	65	45	25	20
English	262,375	124,610	137,765	168,205	80,795	87,415
Irish	195,865	91,260	104,605	147,245	69,515	77,730
Manx	145	70	70	45	40	10
Scottish	272,880	129,640	143,240	134,455	64,400	70,055
Welsh	17,135	8,105	9,030	10,110	4,825	5,290
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	18,975	8,955	10,020	10,640	4,885	5,755
French origins	149,665	70,095	79,570	163,270	79,105	84,165
Alsatian	25	20	10	15	10	0
Breton	15	10	10	55	30	30
Corsican	20	20	0	0	0	0
French	149,625	70,065	79,565	163,245	79,090	84,155
Western European origins (except French origins)	125,110	59,420	65,690	49,825	24,100	25,725
Austrian	1,775	880	895	1,000	530	475
Bavarian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Belgian	2,615	1,320	1,305	1,470	650	815
Dutch	32,045	14,640	17,410	15,230	7,290	7,945
Flemish	160	80	80	100	65	40
Frisian	50	20	30	40	25	15
German	97,555	46,450	51,100	34,205	16,575	17,630
Luxembourger	30	20	10	0	10	0
Swiss	2,705	1,335	1,375	1,145	545	595
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	140	75	60	35	20	15
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	14,985	7,075	7,910	10,400	5,080	5,320
Danish	3,700	1,695	2,005	3,960	1,885	2,075
Finnish	1,140	505	630	465	235	225
Icelandic	660	295	370	250	135	115
Norwegian	5,170	2,535	2,635	3,330	1,650	1,680
Swedish	3,565	1,575	1,990	2,010	1,010	1,005
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	1,365	750	620	820	410	410
Eastern European origins	29,685	14,315	15,370	11,590	5,600	5,995
Bulgarian	280	130	145	155	60	100
Byelorussian	195	85	105	85	45	40
Czech	1,165	620	545	435	215	225
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	420	175	245	175	80	100
Estonian	345	185	165	100	35	60
Hungarian	2,700	1,320	1,380	1,280	615	665
Latvian	380	160	220	185	105	80
Lithuanian	1,150	510	635	325	165	160
Moldovan	10	0	10	35	20	15
Polish	11,575	5,525	6,050	3,445	1,670	1,780
Romanian	1,190	540	650	945	485	460
Russian	4,775	2,210	2,570	2,260	1,015	1,245
Slovak	610	320	290	250	130	125
Ukrainian	9,115	4,475	4,640	3,535	1,750	1,785
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	310	150	160	70	25	45
Southern European origins	28,680	13,790	14,890	13,450	6,560	6,890
Albanian	285	140	145	120	65	55
Bosnian	155	75	75	120	65	55
Catalan	0	0	0	10	10	0
Croatian	680	325	360	310	120	190
Cypriot	40	30	15	30	20	10
Greek	3,360	1,705	1,650	950	485	465
Italian	15,620	7,605	8,015	7,460	3,615	3,845
Kosovar	255	115	145	0	0	0
Macedonian	165	90	80	80	35	45
Maltese	440	215	220	115	45	65
Montenegrin	20	10	10	20	20	0
Portuguese	3,580	1,700	1,880	1,785	840	945
Serbian	255	120	135	130	90	35
Sicilian	40	20	15	15	10	0
Slovenian	150	70	85	130	60	60
Spanish	4,300	1,875	2,425	2,555	1,220	1,330
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	400	205	200	120	55	65
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	85	50	40	20	10	10
Other European origins	5,465	2,845	2,625	1,805	960	840
Basque	160	75	85	90	50	40
Jewish	2,040	1,040	1,000	785	410	375
Roma (Gypsy)	135	110	25	30	20	15
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	25	25	0	30	10	15
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	3,145	1,610	1,535	875	480	395
Caribbean origins	5,220	2,580	2,640	2,275	1,045	1,230
Antiguan	100	50	55	0	0	0
Bahamian	230	105	115	35	15	15
Barbadian	575	300	275	100	60	40
Bermudan	185	90	100	130	40	90
Carib	45	30	10	10	0	0
Cuban	340	145	195	235	135	100
Dominican	150	85	65	80	35	40
Grenadian	35	20	20	20	0	15
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	35	20	15
Haitian	115	50	65	305	140	160
Jamaican	2,075	1,050	1,025	750	350	395
Kittitian/Nevisian	45	15	30	10	10	0
Martinican	10	10	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	115	40	75	85	40	40
St. Lucian	65	20	50	15	10	10
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	325	170	155	150	70	75
Vincentian/Grenadinian	35	20	15	45	10	35
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	785	420	365	245	110	135
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	330	155	180	185	65	120
Latin, Central and South American origins	3,055	1,525	1,525	2,135	1,110	1,025
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	185	90	100	65	40	25
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	65	40	25	30	10	20
Belizean	25	20	10	0	0	10
Bolivian	40	20	15	55	35	20
Brazilian	280	140	135	60	15	45
Chilean	130	80	45	95	40	55
Colombian	430	210	225	265	105	160
Costa Rican	35	10	25	30	15	15
Ecuadorian	50	20	30	30	20	10
Guatemalan	90	65	35	125	40	85
Guyanese	350	160	195	115	50	70
Hispanic	60	35	25	75	35	35
Honduran	50	35	20	50	20	25
Maya	70	35	30	90	45	45
Mexican	810	415	395	700	395	300
Nicaraguan	45	20	25	20	20	0
Panamanian	25	10	15	15	15	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	180	85	95	90	45	45
Salvadorean	110	75	35	135	95	40
Uruguayan	15	0	20	10	0	0
Venezuelan	80	50	30	60	35	30
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	185	80	105	110	65	50
African origins	17,655	8,560	9,095	6,705	3,535	3,170
Central and West African origins	1,335	700	635	1,835	1,045	790
Akan	10	0	10	20	10	10
Angolan	10	0	10	25	10	10
Ashanti	0	10	0	0	0	0
Beninese	20	10	10	0	10	0
Burkinabe	0	0	10	75	50	30
Cameroonian	70	35	35	150	110	40
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	180	95	85	415	250	165
Edo	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	10	0	0	15	10	0
Gambian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ghanaian	185	105	85	90	55	35
Guinean	30	20	10	175	125	50
Ibo	90	50	40	80	55	25
Ivorian	10	0	0	60	30	30
Liberian	15	10	10	80	45	35
Malian	10	0	10	125	55	65
Malinké	15	10	10	0	0	0
Nigerian	445	240	210	230	115	115
Peulh	0	10	0	40	25	20
Senegalese	10	10	0	105	45	60
Sierra Leonean	80	45	35	20	0	20
Togolese	70	30	35	40	20	25
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	65	25	45	50	25	25
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	120	65	50	225	135	90
North African origins	2,030	1,045	980	1,200	705	495
Algerian	85	45	40	190	90	90
Berber	70	50	20	180	105	70
Coptic	30	10	20	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	1,295	695	600	210	130	80
Libyan	215	105	110	185	85	100
Maure	10	0	10	0	0	0
Moroccan	130	60	70	365	255	115
Sudanese	130	50	80	15	10	10
Tunisian	65	25	35	140	80	60
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	90	40	50	15	10	10
Southern and East African origins	1,865	920	945	1,050	565	485
Afrikaner	25	10	20	0	0	0
Amhara	10	10	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	10	10	0	30	25	0
Burundian	10	0	0	105	55	50
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	160	85	75	115	80	40
Ethiopian	280	120	155	180	105	70
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	160	85	75	10	0	0
Malagasy	20	0	15	60	20	35
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Oromo	25	15	15	30	10	20
Rwandan	105	55	50	105	50	55
Seychellois	0	0	0	10	0	10
Somali	180	75	100	30	25	0
South African	520	255	265	225	95	130
Tanzanian	60	45	20	0	0	0
Tigrian	15	0	10	0	0	0
Ugandan	60	25	40	25	15	15
Zambian	80	35	50	25	10	15
Zimbabwean	100	55	45	60	30	30
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	170	100	75	80	40	40
Other African origins	12,620	5,990	6,635	2,850	1,360	1,485
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	2,255	1,060	1,195	385	140	245
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	10,460	4,965	5,495	2,475	1,225	1,245
Asian origins	42,500	21,445	21,050	19,410	9,775	9,635
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	17,205	8,915	8,295	6,835	3,590	3,240
Afghan	230	80	150	25	10	20
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	1,600	835	770	590	300	295
Armenian	265	160	110	115	60	50
Assyrian	10	10	0	15	10	0
Azerbaijani	20	20	0	10	0	10
Georgian	20	15	10	10	10	10
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	1,405	785	620	665	365	305
Iraqi	595	270	325	105	50	55
Israeli	245	120	120	175	85	90
Jordanian	260	150	115	180	105	75
Kazakh	45	30	20	0	10	0
Kurd	230	120	115	80	45	30
Kuwaiti	245	115	130	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	7,445	3,815	3,630	2,825	1,435	1,395
Palestinian	990	535	455	75	40	30
Pashtun	30	15	10	20	10	10
Saudi Arabian	725	470	255	85	65	20
Syrian	2,190	1,090	1,100	1,685	865	825
Tajik	20	10	10	0	0	0
Tatar	40	15	25	25	10	15
Turk	690	320	370	235	150	85
Turkmen	10	10	10	10	15	0
Uighur	10	10	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	90	60	30	40	25	10
Yemeni	205	105	95	35	20	15
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	780	410	370	50	35	15
South Asian origins	8,495	4,690	3,805	2,975	1,590	1,385
Bangladeshi	240	135	110	150	95	55
Bengali	65	40	20	50	40	10
Bhutanese	225	100	125	35	20	15
East Indian	6,255	3,460	2,795	2,150	1,105	1,045
Goan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	10	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	10	0	10	0	0
Nepali	430	220	210	160	75	90
Pakistani	665	405	260	255	160	100
Punjabi	230	110	115	45	35	15
Sinhalese	40	10	30	15	0	10
Sri Lankan	340	150	190	100	45	55
Tamil	60	30	35	25	15	10
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	470	290	175	85	50	35
East and Southeast Asian origins	16,715	7,850	8,870	9,640	4,610	5,030
Burmese	15	0	10	25	15	10
Cambodian (Khmer)	55	15	40	60	30	30
Chinese	9,695	4,720	4,980	4,480	2,230	2,250
Filipino	3,580	1,585	1,995	2,130	870	1,265
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	140	65	75	100	30	65
Japanese	905	385	515	305	115	185
Karen	0	0	0	65	30	35
Korean	1,590	700	895	1,675	875	795
Laotian	15	0	10	0	10	0
Malaysian	80	30	45	30	15	15
Mongolian	55	30	30	45	30	15
Singaporean	10	10	0	10	10	0
Taiwanese	240	100	140	60	30	30
Thai	245	85	155	100	30	70
Tibetan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Vietnamese	760	355	410	885	450	435
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	75	45	25	10	0	10
Other Asian origins	410	190	215	110	70	45
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	410	190	215	115	65	45
Oceania origins	895	450	445	470	210	260
Australian	490	255	235	290	120	165
New Zealander	290	155	130	135	70	70
Pacific Islands origins	125	55	70	55	30	20
Fijian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Hawaiian	25	10	15	30	10	15
Maori	40	20	25	10	10	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	20	15	10	10	0	10
Samoan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	30	0	20	10	10	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	401,990	...	...	319,770	...	...
Owner	276,095	...	...	238,040	...	...
Renter	123,595	...	...	79,865	...	...
Band housing	2,300	...	...	1,865	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	401,990	...	...	319,770	...	...
Condominium	13,370	...	...	10,580	...	...
Not condominium	388,625	...	...	309,195	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	401,990	...	...	319,775	...	...
No bedrooms	1,140	...	...	680	...	...
1 bedroom	45,675	...	...	28,370	...	...
2 bedrooms	105,410	...	...	88,115	...	...
3 bedrooms	158,975	...	...	125,865	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	90,785	...	...	76,745	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	401,990	...	...	319,770	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	87,755	...	...	66,540	...	...
5 rooms	64,655	...	...	56,365	...	...
6 rooms	66,855	...	...	54,070	...	...
7 rooms	57,085	...	...	45,825	...	...
8 or more rooms	125,635	...	...	96,970	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	401,990	...	...	319,770	...	...
One person or fewer per room	399,855	...	...	318,195	...	...
More than 1 person per room	2,130	...	...	1,575	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	401,990	...	...	319,770	...	...
Suitable	390,445	...	...	312,370	...	...
Not suitable	11,540	...	...	7,405	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	401,990	...	...	319,770	...	...
1960 or before	112,530	...	...	76,690	...	...
1961 to 1980	113,715	...	...	98,720	...	...
1981 to 1990	59,105	...	...	45,630	...	...
1991 to 2000	49,825	...	...	39,825	...	...
2001 to 2005	23,045	...	...	19,090	...	...
2006 to 2010	23,925	...	...	22,530	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	19,840	...	...	17,290	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	401,990	...	...	319,770	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	366,615	...	...	293,155	...	...
Major repairs needed	35,375	...	...	26,625	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	401,990	...	...	319,770	...	...
1 household maintainer	241,800	...	...	195,585	...	...
2 household maintainers	152,970	...	...	120,195	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	7,220	...	...	3,995	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	401,990	...	...	319,775	...	...
15 to 24 years	14,575	...	...	10,375	...	...
25 to 34 years	49,695	...	...	38,585	...	...
35 to 44 years	59,550	...	...	50,050	...	...
45 to 54 years	77,555	...	...	61,860	...	...
55 to 64 years	85,360	...	...	68,145	...	...
65 to 74 years	66,865	...	...	53,435	...	...
75 to 84 years	35,980	...	...	27,655	...	...
85 years and over	12,405	...	...	9,675	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	395,860	...	...	314,325	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	310,540	...	...	261,385	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	85,315	...	...	52,935	...	...
30% to less than 100%	74,290	...	...	47,190	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	273,525	...	...	235,950	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	55.2	...	...	55.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	12.0	...	...	10.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	819	...	...	741	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	987	...	...	876	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	199,886	...	...	150,010	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	230,441	...	...	170,071	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	123,060	...	...	79,370	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	12.3	...	...	14.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	42.8	...	...	36.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	849	...	...	704	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	909	...	...	741	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	774,745	372,455	402,295	620,395	301,650	318,745
No certificate, diploma or degree	153,705	79,885	73,825	136,745	71,600	65,140
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	195,900	95,205	100,695	176,750	85,345	91,405
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	425,140	197,365	227,775	306,895	144,700	162,200
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	76,810	54,075	22,735	56,595	39,965	16,630
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	42,625	25,015	17,610	29,630	17,320	12,315
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	34,185	29,060	5,125	26,965	22,645	4,320
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	168,805	67,030	101,775	135,065	56,055	79,005
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	18,380	6,975	11,405	11,610	3,995	7,620
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	161,150	69,290	91,855	103,630	44,685	58,945
Bachelor's degree	108,385	45,185	63,205	73,330	30,165	43,165
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	9,495	4,020	5,475	6,735	2,795	3,935
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	4,700	2,595	2,110	2,755	1,600	1,160
Master's degree	32,645	13,840	18,805	17,745	8,170	9,585
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	5,925	3,655	2,270	3,065	1,955	1,110
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	494,505	237,795	256,710	400,785	194,715	206,070
No certificate, diploma or degree	60,280	34,820	25,460	55,645	32,390	23,260
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	116,280	57,600	58,675	114,330	56,430	57,895
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	317,950	145,375	172,570	230,810	105,890	124,915
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	52,370	37,255	15,115	37,710	26,335	11,375
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	29,105	17,300	11,810	19,900	11,430	8,475
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	23,265	19,955	3,310	17,805	14,905	2,900
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	128,010	51,890	76,120	104,595	43,695	60,900
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	11,595	4,325	7,275	7,685	2,660	5,020
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	125,970	51,905	74,065	80,825	33,195	47,625
Bachelor's degree	85,240	34,830	50,410	57,560	23,115	34,450
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	6,895	2,610	4,285	5,160	1,920	3,240
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	3,775	1,850	1,925	2,190	1,110	1,080
Master's degree	26,025	10,380	15,640	13,730	5,770	7,960
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	4,045	2,240	1,805	2,190	1,285	905
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	774,750	372,455	402,295	620,395	301,645	318,745
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	349,605	175,090	174,520	313,495	156,945	156,545
Education	31,395	8,460	22,930	25,570	6,725	18,845
13. Education	31,390	8,465	22,930	25,565	6,720	18,845
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	10,700	5,095	5,605	6,140	2,800	3,335
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	2,070	1,565	505	1,155	905	250
50. Visual and performing arts	8,635	3,530	5,100	4,990	1,900	3,085
Humanities	18,830	7,520	11,310	12,430	5,245	7,190
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	1,175	355	820	1,040	255	785
23. English language and literature/letters	5,110	1,530	3,580	2,395	715	1,675
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	4,545	1,540	3,000	3,055	1,065	1,990
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	65	25	35	55	20	35
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,240	675	565	725	455	270
39. Theology and religious vocations	2,200	1,340	860	2,150	1,325	825
54. History	3,615	1,865	1,755	2,190	1,185	1,005
55. French language and literature/letters	880	190	695	830	220	605
Social and behavioural sciences and law	40,155	11,980	28,175	23,780	6,945	16,835
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	635	145	490	190	35	155
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	3,285	1,260	2,025	1,725	710	1,015
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	9,115	750	8,365	6,015	305	5,710
22. Legal professions and studies	6,110	1,920	4,185	3,935	1,325	2,615
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	610	135	475	420	95	325
42. Psychology	8,170	2,060	6,110	5,075	1,355	3,725
45. Social sciences	12,240	5,710	6,520	6,420	3,120	3,300
Business, management and public administration	93,075	27,030	66,045	67,605	19,470	48,135
30.16 Accounting and computer science	205	55	150	230	35	190
44. Public administration and social service professions	6,285	1,345	4,940	5,670	1,010	4,660
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	86,590	25,630	60,960	61,705	18,425	43,285
Physical and life sciences and technologies	15,340	7,650	7,685	7,625	3,930	3,700
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	6,910	2,990	3,925	3,320	1,525	1,800
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	3,340	1,455	1,880	1,845	825	1,025
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	165	35	120	130	30	100
40. Physical sciences	4,260	3,005	1,255	1,720	1,265	455
41. Science technologies/technicians	665	165	500	610	285	325
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	15,745	9,355	6,390	11,275	7,185	4,095
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	12,750	8,055	4,695	9,975	6,640	3,335
25. Library science	1,210	175	1,040	620	95	525
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,590	995	600	620	395	225
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	200	135	65	55	45	10
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	92,920	87,340	5,580	70,800	67,070	3,735
04. Architecture and related services	1,370	860	510	500	365	140
14. Engineering	11,925	10,290	1,640	8,020	7,015	1,010
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	17,805	16,110	1,695	13,010	11,575	1,430
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	10	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	24,800	24,235	570	18,910	18,555	350
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	25,465	24,680	780	20,075	19,570	505
48. Precision production	11,545	11,165	380	10,290	9,985	300
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	7,630	4,615	3,015	6,370	4,715	1,650
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	4,215	2,160	2,055	2,970	1,840	1,130
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,410	2,450	960	3,395	2,875	520
Health and related fields	66,770	10,595	56,175	49,795	7,490	42,305
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	3,560	1,730	1,825	2,770	1,325	1,445
51. Health professions and related programs	61,755	7,955	53,800	46,160	5,600	40,550
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,460	910	550	870	565	305
Personal, protective and transportation services	32,535	17,700	14,830	25,460	13,110	12,355
12. Personal and culinary services	17,625	4,455	13,170	13,835	2,735	11,095
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	250	240	10	105	95	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	905	850	50	390	355	40
43. Security and protective services	4,540	3,535	1,005	4,665	3,795	875
49. Transportation and materials moving	9,220	8,625	600	6,465	6,135	325
Other	45	10	40	50	25	25
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	50	10	40	45	25	20
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	494,505	237,795	256,710	400,780	194,710	206,070
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	176,560	92,420	84,135	169,970	88,820	81,150
Education	20,590	4,940	15,650	16,350	3,830	12,520
13. Education	20,585	4,940	15,650	16,350	3,835	12,515
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	8,145	3,855	4,285	4,690	2,140	2,550
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,515	1,140	375	830	630	200
50. Visual and performing arts	6,630	2,715	3,915	3,860	1,510	2,350
Humanities	13,745	5,275	8,465	8,810	3,450	5,360
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	895	280	615	820	195	625
23. English language and literature/letters	3,800	1,095	2,705	1,725	490	1,235
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	3,425	1,125	2,305	2,125	650	1,475
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	60	25	35	35	10	30
38. Philosophy and religious studies	910	490	420	500	295	215
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,330	795	535	1,460	860	595
54. History	2,710	1,340	1,370	1,630	855	775
55. French language and literature/letters	620	130	490	520	100	420
Social and behavioural sciences and law	32,650	9,150	23,500	18,970	5,210	13,760
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	520	110	410	135	20	115
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,750	1,030	1,720	1,500	630	870
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	7,395	580	6,810	4,685	235	4,450
22. Legal professions and studies	5,225	1,380	3,845	3,280	940	2,340
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	460	100	355	335	70	260
42. Psychology	6,545	1,580	4,970	4,015	980	3,035
45. Social sciences	9,755	4,360	5,390	5,015	2,330	2,680
Business, management and public administration	69,255	20,285	48,970	52,915	15,055	37,860
30.16 Accounting and computer science	175	40	135	215	40	175
44. Public administration and social service professions	5,140	1,025	4,120	4,505	735	3,770
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	63,935	19,220	44,715	48,190	14,280	33,915
Physical and life sciences and technologies	11,075	5,385	5,690	5,620	2,710	2,905
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	5,285	2,240	3,045	2,580	1,135	1,445
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	2,390	1,030	1,360	1,275	540	730
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	130	30	100	110	20	95
40. Physical sciences	2,910	2,005	905	1,185	820	370
41. Science technologies/technicians	365	85	275	465	195	270
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	13,625	8,240	5,385	9,710	6,285	3,425
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	11,505	7,330	4,170	8,815	5,910	2,905
25. Library science	815	115	700	415	70	345
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,130	660	470	430	265	170
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	175	125	50	55	50	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	67,930	63,180	4,750	51,150	47,940	3,210
04. Architecture and related services	1,020	585	430	395	270	120
14. Engineering	8,585	7,230	1,355	6,230	5,295	935
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	13,410	11,920	1,495	10,405	9,135	1,270
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	10	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	18,355	17,835	515	13,110	12,825	290
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	18,540	17,910	625	14,025	13,635	395
48. Precision production	8,020	7,700	325	6,980	6,770	210
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	5,995	3,475	2,520	5,010	3,575	1,430
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	3,270	1,570	1,695	2,355	1,395	960
03. Natural resources and conservation	2,725	1,905	825	2,655	2,185	470
Health and related fields	50,220	8,215	42,010	38,135	5,850	32,285
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	2,730	1,350	1,380	2,145	1,060	1,085
51. Health professions and related programs	46,385	6,215	40,165	35,295	4,385	30,905
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,110	650	460	695	405	285
Personal, protective and transportation services	24,685	13,375	11,310	19,415	9,810	9,600
12. Personal and culinary services	13,490	3,480	10,000	10,520	1,945	8,575
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	205	200	10	95	85	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	475	435	40	220	190	35
43. Security and protective services	3,465	2,655	815	3,460	2,760	705
49. Transportation and materials moving	7,045	6,595	450	5,115	4,835	285
Other	45	10	40	45	25	20
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	50	10	35	40	25	15
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	774,745	372,455	402,295	620,390	301,650	318,745
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	349,605	175,090	174,515	313,495	156,945	156,545
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	425,145	197,365	227,775	306,900	144,700	162,200
Location of study inside Canada	396,690	182,875	213,810	290,645	136,490	154,155
Same as province or territory of residence	315,140	141,965	173,175	229,835	106,610	123,230
Different than province or territory of residence	81,550	40,915	40,640	60,810	29,880	30,925
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	28,450	14,485	13,965	16,255	8,205	8,050
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	7,950	4,110	3,840	5,360	2,675	2,685
Philippines	1,530	540	995	920	285	635
India	1,755	935	825	460	230	230
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	5,530	3,225	2,305	1,995	1,175	815
China^{Census data footnote 162}	1,080	445	635	1,105	550	555
France	350	210	145	660	370	290
Other	10,255	5,030	5,225	5,755	2,920	2,835
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	494,510	237,800	256,710	400,785	194,715	206,070
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	176,560	92,420	84,140	169,970	88,815	81,155
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	317,950	145,380	172,575	230,815	105,895	124,920
Location of study inside Canada	297,430	135,465	161,965	218,710	100,175	118,535
Same as province or territory of residence	236,720	105,480	131,235	172,760	78,520	94,240
Different than province or territory of residence	60,710	29,980	30,730	45,950	21,660	24,295
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	20,525	9,915	10,605	12,105	5,715	6,380
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	4,905	2,370	2,540	3,460	1,555	1,905
Philippines	1,415	520	900	875	260	615
India	1,385	725	660	345	160	180
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	3,455	1,930	1,525	1,070	575	490
China^{Census data footnote 162}	810	335	475	1,025	475	550
France	245	140	100	525	300	225
Other	8,305	3,900	4,405	4,800	2,390	2,415
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	774,750	372,455	402,290	620,390	301,650	318,745
In the labour force	474,595	242,775	231,820	381,790	197,005	184,790
Employed	427,310	215,010	212,305	339,045	170,050	168,995
Unemployed	47,280	27,765	19,520	42,745	26,950	15,795
Not in the labour force	300,155	129,680	170,475	238,600	104,645	133,955
Participation rate	61.3	65.2	57.6	61.5	65.3	58.0
Employment rate	55.2	57.7	52.8	54.7	56.4	53.0
Unemployment rate	10.0	11.4	8.4	11.2	13.7	8.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	774,750	372,455	402,295	620,390	301,645	318,745
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	274,375	117,550	156,825	217,930	94,105	123,825
Worked	500,370	254,905	245,465	402,465	207,540	194,920
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	252,820	135,940	116,880	201,230	106,785	94,450
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	247,550	118,965	128,585	201,225	100,760	100,475
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.6	41.5	41.7	41.0	40.6	41.5
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	474,590	242,775	231,820	381,795	197,000	184,790
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	9,265	4,800	4,470	7,320	3,790	3,530
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	465,330	237,975	227,350	374,470	193,210	181,260
Employee	420,745	210,170	210,570	342,685	173,560	169,125
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	44,585	27,805	16,775	31,785	19,655	12,130
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	474,595	242,775	231,820	381,790	197,005	184,790
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	9,265	4,800	4,470	7,320	3,790	3,530
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	465,330	237,975	227,350	374,470	193,215	181,255
0 Management occupations	45,530	27,170	18,365	34,015	20,605	13,415
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	67,495	17,930	49,565	52,695	14,200	38,495
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	27,450	21,980	5,465	20,705	16,300	4,405
3 Health occupations	37,600	6,290	31,310	30,730	4,870	25,865
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	58,165	20,975	37,185	45,640	15,355	30,285
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	12,490	5,560	6,930	6,610	2,925	3,685
6 Sales and service occupations	113,135	45,385	67,750	91,035	36,535	54,505
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	67,625	64,200	3,430	59,925	57,015	2,910
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	18,380	15,730	2,650	14,485	12,280	2,205
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	17,460	12,755	4,705	18,620	13,130	5,495
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	474,595	242,775	231,820	381,795	197,000	184,790
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	9,265	4,795	4,465	7,320	3,790	3,530
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	465,330	237,975	227,350	374,470	193,210	181,260
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	17,775	14,165	3,610	15,135	12,025	3,115
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	4,025	3,630	390	4,345	3,765	580
22 Utilities	2,880	2,115	760	3,350	2,615	735
23 Construction	33,555	30,185	3,370	27,795	25,195	2,595
31-33 Manufacturing	32,375	23,565	8,810	32,405	23,215	9,195
41 Wholesale trade	13,345	9,650	3,690	11,170	8,180	2,990
44-45 Retail trade	59,570	26,295	33,280	46,180	21,220	24,950
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	19,660	14,980	4,680	17,680	13,295	4,390
51 Information and cultural industries	9,310	5,250	4,055	6,615	3,700	2,915
52 Finance and insurance	15,240	5,690	9,545	12,415	4,090	8,325
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	6,870	3,890	2,980	3,830	2,245	1,585
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	26,065	14,090	11,975	17,240	9,485	7,750
55 Management of companies and enterprises	625	255	365	345	145	195
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	22,240	12,950	9,295	18,530	10,060	8,475
61 Educational services	35,480	11,705	23,780	26,090	8,180	17,905
62 Health care and social assistance	64,390	10,435	53,955	51,380	7,955	43,430
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	9,385	4,555	4,835	5,950	3,065	2,885
72 Accommodation and food services	33,115	12,095	21,025	24,825	8,460	16,365
81 Other services (except public administration)	19,195	8,875	10,320	17,105	8,365	8,745
91 Public administration	40,225	23,590	16,635	32,090	17,960	14,135
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	427,310	215,010	212,300	339,045	170,050	168,995
Worked at home	28,075	13,780	14,300	19,445	9,485	9,955
Worked outside Canada	1,665	1,185	485	1,315	885	430
No fixed workplace address	51,545	38,965	12,575	37,925	28,630	9,300
Worked at usual place	346,020	161,075	184,945	280,360	131,055	149,310
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	346,020	161,075	184,945	280,360	131,055	149,310
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	251,000	116,125	134,875	127,230	57,560	69,670
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	57,510	23,850	33,655	97,230	44,565	52,665
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	32,230	17,425	14,805	50,560	25,155	25,410
Commute to a different province or territory	5,285	3,675	1,610	5,345	3,775	1,565
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	397,570	200,045	197,525	318,285	159,680	158,605
Car, truck, van - as a driver	310,240	159,660	150,580	266,035	135,575	130,460
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	29,150	12,090	17,055	24,455	9,855	14,600
Public transit	25,315	11,425	13,890	7,290	3,600	3,690
Walked	24,870	11,635	13,235	14,650	6,900	7,755
Bicycle	2,480	1,695	785	1,210	800	405
Other method	5,520	3,535	1,985	4,645	2,950	1,695
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	397,565	200,045	197,525	318,290	159,680	158,605
Less than 15 minutes	136,245	62,375	73,880	135,690	63,885	71,810
15 to 29 minutes	145,310	73,055	72,260	118,075	58,505	59,570
30 to 44 minutes	69,795	37,770	32,025	39,230	21,385	17,845
45 to 59 minutes	24,405	13,070	11,335	12,945	7,275	5,670
60 minutes and over	21,815	13,785	8,030	12,345	8,635	3,710
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	397,570	200,045	197,520	318,285	159,680	158,605
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	23,775	16,345	7,430	17,850	12,755	5,100
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	76,185	44,615	31,570	51,825	30,905	20,925
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	119,920	60,740	59,185	112,460	55,470	56,990
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	83,505	32,835	50,670	64,235	25,835	38,400
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	35,470	14,005	21,465	25,595	9,415	16,180
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	58,715	31,510	27,205	46,320	25,300	21,020
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	514,080	261,365	252,710	413,695	212,875	200,820
Single responses	510,800	259,940	250,860	395,120	204,270	190,850
Official languages	509,100	258,990	250,105	394,015	203,660	190,355
English	502,960	256,380	246,585	304,775	160,255	144,515
French	6,135	2,615	3,525	89,240	43,400	45,840
Non-official languages	1,705	950	755	1,105	615	490
Aboriginal languages	650	350	295	255	140	115
Algonquian languages	650	355	295	250	135	110
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	645	350	290	255	135	110
Malecite	0	0	0	15	10	10
Mi'kmaq	645	355	295	240	135	110
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,055	600	455	855	475	380
Afro-Asiatic languages	195	150	45	160	105	50
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	190	150	45	160	105	55
Amharic	10	0	10	0	0	0
Arabic	165	135	30	140	100	45
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	25	15	10	25	10	10
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	0	10	40	20	20
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	0	10	45	20	20
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	15	10	15	15	0	10
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	0	10	15	10	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	385	225	160	170	95	80
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	10	10	10
Balto-Slavic languages	30	20	15	30	10	20
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	25	20	10	30	10	20
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	25	20	10	25	10	15
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	190	115	75	25	10	15
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	10	10	10	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	155	85	65	25	10	15
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	50	30	20	40	30	10
Indo-Aryan languages	20	20	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	15	15	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	30	10	15	35	25	10
Kurdish	0	0	0	15	15	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	30	10	20	25	15	10
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	105	50	60	65	35	25
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	30	15	15	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	75	30	40	65	35	30
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	35	10	25	10	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	50	20	25	60	35	25
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	45	20	25	30	20	10
American Sign Language	20	10	10	10	10	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	25	15	15	20	20	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	310	165	145	365	185	175
Chinese languages	305	165	145	360	185	175
Cantonese	80	45	35	35	15	25
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	210	105	110	295	150	150
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	15	0	30	25	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	10	0	10	0	10	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	3,270	1,420	1,850	18,575	8,605	9,970
English and French	2,295	950	1,345	18,045	8,350	9,695
English and non-official language	930	460	470	475	240	235
French and non-official language	0	0	10	10	0	10
English, French and non-official language	40	15	30	45	15	35
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	514,075	261,365	252,710	413,690	212,875	200,820
None	491,875	250,710	241,170	322,045	167,900	154,150
English	5,115	2,370	2,745	44,925	21,560	23,360
French	13,405	6,555	6,855	44,415	22,175	22,240
Non-official language	3,430	1,600	1,825	2,090	1,115	975
Aboriginal	855	365	490	615	285	330
Non-Aboriginal	2,570	1,240	1,330	1,475	830	645
English and French	10	0	10	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	10	0	55	20	35
French and non-official language	230	130	105	160	95	65
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	900,450	436,790	463,660	724,030	354,435	369,600
Non-movers	792,100	384,560	407,535	641,310	314,280	327,020
Movers	108,350	52,230	56,120	82,720	40,150	42,570
Non-migrants	68,165	32,930	35,235	45,630	21,830	23,800
Migrants	40,185	19,300	20,885	37,090	18,320	18,765
Internal migrants	33,720	16,055	17,665	32,585	15,995	16,585
Intraprovincial migrants	18,480	8,390	10,090	21,995	10,555	11,445
Interprovincial migrants	15,240	7,665	7,570	10,585	5,445	5,140
External migrants	6,470	3,240	3,225	4,505	2,320	2,185
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	866,425	419,580	446,845	696,160	340,310	355,845
Non-movers	582,705	283,125	299,575	480,830	237,150	243,685
Movers	283,720	136,455	147,265	215,325	103,155	112,165
Non-migrants	169,570	81,405	88,165	113,835	53,935	59,900
Migrants	114,150	55,045	59,100	101,490	49,215	52,275
Internal migrants	94,885	45,015	49,860	89,980	43,165	46,815
Intraprovincial migrants	50,330	23,230	27,095	60,645	28,475	32,165
Interprovincial migrants	44,555	21,785	22,770	29,335	14,685	14,650
External migrants	19,270	10,035	9,240	11,510	6,050	5,455

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 40 referrer

Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 41 referrer

Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 42 referrer

Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Nova Scotia [Province] and New Brunswick [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 28, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Nova Scotia [Province] and New Brunswick [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Nova Scotia [Province] and New Brunswick [Province]