Census Profile, 2016 Census
Nova Scotia [Province] and Manitoba [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Nova Scotia [Province]			Manitoba [Province]
	Data quality , Nova Scotia [Province] Map : Nova Scotia [Province] Change geography 1			Data quality : Manitoba [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	923,598	...	...	1,278,365	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	921,727	...	...	1,208,268	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	0.2	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	458,568	...	...	539,748	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	401,990	...	...	489,050	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	17.4	...	...	2.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	52,942.27	...	...	552,370.99	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	923,600	446,885	476,715	1,278,365	631,400	646,970
0 to 14 years	133,825	68,370	65,455	243,820	125,110	118,710
0 to 4 years	42,005	21,365	20,640	81,065	41,710	39,355
5 to 9 years	45,980	23,650	22,330	83,375	42,565	40,805
10 to 14 years	45,845	23,350	22,490	79,380	40,835	38,545
15 to 64 years	605,950	295,100	310,845	835,580	417,260	418,320
15 to 19 years	51,255	26,240	25,015	82,440	42,555	39,890
20 to 24 years	56,160	28,150	28,010	86,760	44,465	42,295
25 to 29 years	53,725	26,790	26,940	86,695	43,570	43,125
30 to 34 years	51,730	25,130	26,600	85,185	42,210	42,975
35 to 39 years	52,010	24,560	27,450	81,105	39,885	41,215
40 to 44 years	57,050	27,245	29,805	79,325	39,530	39,795
45 to 49 years	61,890	29,720	32,170	79,350	39,220	40,130
50 to 54 years	75,675	36,615	39,065	89,840	44,485	45,355
55 to 59 years	76,505	36,925	39,580	87,765	43,555	44,210
60 to 64 years	69,960	33,735	36,225	77,110	37,780	39,325
65 years and over	183,820	83,415	100,405	198,965	89,025	109,945
65 to 69 years	63,710	30,810	32,905	64,905	31,280	33,625
70 to 74 years	45,005	21,520	23,485	45,980	21,940	24,040
75 to 79 years	31,545	14,520	17,030	33,555	15,250	18,305
80 to 84 years	21,915	9,425	12,495	25,315	10,740	14,575
85 years and over	21,645	7,140	14,505	29,210	9,810	19,395
85 to 89 years	13,205	4,845	8,360	17,335	6,460	10,875
90 to 94 years	6,320	1,830	4,485	8,945	2,710	6,230
95 to 99 years	1,855	415	1,430	2,520	580	1,940
100 years and over	270	45	225	415	60	350
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.5	15.3	13.7	19.1	19.8	18.3
15 to 64 years	65.6	66.0	65.2	65.4	66.1	64.7
65 years and over	19.9	18.7	21.1	15.6	14.1	17.0
85 years and over	2.3	1.6	3.0	2.3	1.6	3.0
Average age of the population	43.5	42.5	44.4	39.2	38.2	40.2
Median age of the population	45.5	44.5	46.4	38.3	37.2	39.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	401,990	...	...	489,050	...	...
Single-detached house	263,470	...	...	331,420	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	21,350	...	...	39,080	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	102,300	...	...	108,120	...	...
Semi-detached house	20,465	...	...	15,865	...	...
Row house	10,215	...	...	17,225	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	12,435	...	...	7,065	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	58,405	...	...	67,205	...	...
Other single-attached house	780	...	...	755	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	14,870	...	...	10,435	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	401,990	...	...	489,050	...	...
1 person	118,670	...	...	135,500	...	...
2 persons	156,825	...	...	164,880	...	...
3 persons	60,250	...	...	71,065	...	...
4 persons	44,970	...	...	66,675	...	...
5 or more persons	21,275	...	...	50,930	...	...
Number of persons in private households	908,340	...	...	1,240,700	...	...
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	789,770	378,515	411,255	1,034,545	506,280	528,260
Married or living common law	454,970	227,220	227,750	593,615	297,280	296,335
Married	369,695	184,705	184,990	503,390	252,210	251,175
Living common law	85,275	42,515	42,760	90,230	45,075	45,155
Not married and not living common law	334,800	151,295	183,505	440,925	209,000	231,930
Never married	209,455	110,175	99,280	300,415	162,440	137,980
Separated	24,105	10,450	13,655	24,845	11,080	13,765
Divorced	48,835	19,715	29,115	54,860	22,780	32,080
Widowed	52,405	10,955	41,455	60,805	12,700	48,100
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	270,965	...	...	346,160	...	...
2 persons	157,600	...	...	171,435	...	...
3 persons	56,625	...	...	71,630	...	...
4 persons	41,095	...	...	65,500	...	...
5 or more persons	15,645	...	...	37,600	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	270,965	...	...	346,160	...	...
Total couple families	224,065	...	...	287,200	...	...
Married couples	181,435	...	...	242,100	...	...
Common-law couples	42,630	...	...	45,100	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	46,900	...	...	58,960	...	...
Female parent	37,595	...	...	45,930	...	...
Male parent	9,305	...	...	13,025	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	224,065	...	...	287,205	...	...
Couples without children	128,125	...	...	137,135	...	...
Couples with children	95,940	...	...	150,070	...	...
1 child	43,810	...	...	55,730	...	...
2 children	37,595	...	...	59,965	...	...
3 or more children	14,535	...	...	34,375	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	46,900	...	...	58,960	...	...
1 child	29,480	...	...	34,305	...	...
2 children	12,810	...	...	15,895	...	...
3 or more children	4,610	...	...	8,765	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	175,575	81,140	94,435	212,415	104,435	107,980
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	401,990	...	...	489,050	...	...
One-census-family households	260,280	...	...	323,125	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	124,000	...	...	130,475	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	136,280	...	...	192,650	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	5,285	...	...	11,110	...	...
Non-census-family households	136,425	...	...	154,815	...	...
One-person households	118,675	...	...	135,495	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	17,750	...	...	19,315	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	912,300	442,470	469,830	1,261,620	624,095	637,520
English only	813,480	398,950	414,530	1,135,395	566,980	568,410
French only	705	305	400	1,485	680	800
English and French	95,380	41,925	53,460	108,460	49,205	59,255
Neither English nor French	2,735	1,295	1,440	16,285	7,235	9,050
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	912,295	442,470	469,830	1,261,620	624,100	637,520
English	879,465	426,535	452,930	1,203,025	596,475	606,550
French	28,490	13,890	14,600	39,200	18,880	20,325
English and French	1,760	825	930	3,545	1,755	1,790
Neither English nor French	2,585	1,215	1,365	15,840	6,985	8,860
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	29,370	14,300	15,070	40,975	19,760	21,215
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	3.2	3.2	3.2	3.2	3.2	3.3
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	912,295	442,470	469,830	1,261,620	624,095	637,520
Single responses	904,240	438,550	465,690	1,230,115	608,820	621,300
Official languages	859,690	416,245	443,445	941,130	468,430	472,705
English	830,220	401,980	428,240	900,610	448,960	451,645
French	29,465	14,265	15,205	40,520	19,465	21,055
Non-official languages	44,550	22,305	22,245	288,985	140,395	148,590
Aboriginal languages	4,290	2,020	2,270	29,710	14,265	15,440
Algonquian languages	4,210	1,985	2,225	28,070	13,505	14,565
Blackfoot	0	0	0	5	0	5
Cree-Montagnais languages	15	10	5	14,820	7,085	7,740
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	5
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	30	5	20
Plains Cree	5	0	0	70	25	40
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	5	5	0	745	305	440
Woods Cree	0	0	0	65	20	40
Cree, n.o.s.	5	5	0	13,915	6,725	7,195
Eastern Algonquian languages	4,190	1,975	2,215	10	5	5
Malecite	10	5	5	0	5	0
Mi'kmaq	4,185	1,970	2,215	10	5	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	5	5	13,235	6,410	6,825
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	10	0	10	6,730	3,180	3,550
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	6,505	3,235	3,265
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	5	5	0	815	375	445
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0	0	815	380	440
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	5	5	5	810	375	435
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	5	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	60	30	35	80	20	60
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	5	5	0	0
Inuktitut	55	30	30	65	20	45
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	15	5	10
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	5	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	5	0	0	80	40	40
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	5
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	630	305	330
Dakota	0	0	0	630	305	325
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	5	0	0	15	10	5
Non-Aboriginal languages	40,260	20,285	19,975	259,280	126,130	133,155
Afro-Asiatic languages	7,760	4,275	3,480	10,700	5,580	5,120
Berber languages	10	10	0	40	25	15
Kabyle	5	0	0	35	15	10
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	10	10	5
Cushitic languages	130	65	65	1,750	875	875
Bilen	5	0	0	155	85	70
Oromo	60	30	25	345	175	170
Somali	50	20	30	1,245	610	640
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	10	10	0
Semitic languages	7,615	4,205	3,415	8,840	4,640	4,200
Amharic	115	50	65	1,770	885	885
Arabic	7,110	3,950	3,165	4,695	2,500	2,190
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	5	5	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	5	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	210	115	95	545	320	225
Maltese	15	10	5	40	20	25
Tigrigna	140	65	80	1,770	905	865
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	10	5	5
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	65	35	30
Austro-Asiatic languages	505	245	260	4,180	1,970	2,205
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	5	5	280	135	145
Vietnamese	490	240	250	3,895	1,840	2,060
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	5	0	0
Austronesian languages	2,235	940	1,300	52,905	24,685	28,220
Bikol	5	5	5	175	80	95
Cebuano	150	60	90	1,245	565	675
Fijian	0	0	0	35	15	15
Hiligaynon	25	10	15	390	170	220
Ilocano	55	15	40	1,365	630	730
Malagasy	0	5	0	0	0	5
Malay	55	25	35	175	65	105
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	5	5	655	315	340
Pangasinan	5	0	0	135	65	70
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,905	810	1,090	48,530	22,670	25,855
Waray-Waray	5	0	5	50	30	25
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	150	70	85
Creole languages	95	60	35	570	275	305
Haitian Creole	5	5	0	20	10	10
Creole, n.o.s.	35	20	10	290	140	145
Creole languages, n.i.e.	55	35	20	265	120	145
Dravidian languages	1,010	595	420	1,565	825	735
Kannada	40	20	15	95	50	40
Malayalam	365	205	165	790	410	380
Tamil	315	185	130	480	255	230
Telugu	285	180	110	195	115	80
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	10	0	5
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Indo-European languages	18,590	9,320	9,270	158,350	77,605	80,750
Albanian	275	130	140	350	170	180
Armenian	35	30	10	65	35	30
Balto-Slavic languages	3,470	1,645	1,830	34,450	15,845	18,605
Baltic languages	100	35	60	165	65	95
Latvian	50	20	30	80	35	45
Lithuanian	45	15	30	85	35	45
Slavic languages	3,375	1,610	1,765	34,280	15,775	18,510
Belarusan	5	5	5	40	20	25
Bosnian	120	60	65	575	285	290
Bulgarian	55	25	30	140	70	65
Croatian	225	105	115	1,030	505	530
Czech	205	105	100	615	310	310
Macedonian	20	10	15	145	70	75
Polish	795	365	435	6,455	2,905	3,545
Russian	1,285	615	670	9,130	4,495	4,640
Serbian	115	60	65	655	335	320
Serbo-Croatian	80	40	40	240	110	130
Slovak	100	45	55	405	175	225
Slovene (Slovenian)	35	15	15	270	130	140
Ukrainian	320	155	170	14,505	6,325	8,180
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	75	40	30
Celtic languages	185	80	100	115	60	55
Scottish Gaelic	145	65	85	50	25	20
Welsh	30	10	15	60	30	30
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	10	10	0
Germanic languages	5,700	2,800	2,900	68,670	33,310	35,360
Afrikaans	120	55	60	420	220	205
Danish	160	105	60	280	145	135
Dutch	1,620	815	805	2,675	1,335	1,335
Frisian	35	20	15	55	30	25
German	3,435	1,645	1,790	63,825	30,940	32,890
Icelandic	45	20	20	475	210	260
Norwegian	110	60	50	115	45	65
Swedish	110	45	65	135	70	70
Vlaams (Flemish)	25	10	10	310	125	180
Yiddish	20	10	5	355	175	180
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	20	5	15	25	10	10
Greek	760	390	365	1,285	665	615
Indo-Iranian languages	4,835	2,650	2,190	32,325	17,135	15,195
Indo-Aryan languages	3,385	1,895	1,490	29,520	15,700	13,820
Bengali	475	290	185	1,170	675	495
Gujarati	195	125	70	3,115	1,660	1,455
Hindi	745	445	300	2,270	1,215	1,060
Kashmiri	10	5	5	5	5	5
Konkani	5	5	5	35	20	15
Marathi	70	35	35	135	80	50
Nepali	530	255	275	720	355	365
Oriya (Odia)	10	5	5	10	5	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	585	310	270	18,320	9,650	8,670
Sindhi	20	10	5	60	30	30
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	165	85	85	670	345	320
Urdu	575	330	245	3,015	1,655	1,355
Iranian languages	1,425	740	690	2,705	1,365	1,335
Kurdish	115	65	50	415	210	200
Pashto	80	45	35	275	130	150
Persian (Farsi)	1,230	630	605	2,020	1,030	990
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	100	60	40
Italic (Romance) languages	3,335	1,605	1,730	21,100	10,385	10,710
Catalan	10	5	5	0	0	5
Italian	745	400	340	3,840	1,910	1,930
Portuguese	520	245	270	6,585	3,190	3,390
Romanian	225	110	120	645	310	335
Spanish	1,830	840	985	10,005	4,965	5,040
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	15	5	10
Japanese	360	100	260	540	185	350
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Georgian	5	0	0	15	5	5
Korean	1,095	475	620	3,760	1,810	1,950
Mongolic languages	5	5	5	20	5	15
Mongolian	0	5	0	20	5	15
Niger-Congo languages	630	325	305	3,895	1,965	1,930
Akan (Twi)	40	25	25	150	90	65
Bamanankan	15	5	5	75	25	45
Edo	5	0	5	40	20	15
Ewe	40	25	10	30	20	10
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	0	65	35	30
Ga	10	5	5	15	10	5
Ganda	20	5	15	50	20	30
Igbo	45	20	20	280	155	130
Lingala	5	0	5	75	30	40
Rundi (Kirundi)	20	10	5	135	60	65
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	50	15	30	250	125	120
Shona	30	15	15	110	50	60
Swahili	135	65	70	870	420	455
Wolof	10	10	0	75	50	25
Yoruba	65	35	30	1,030	525	505
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	140	75	70	640	315	325
Nilo-Saharan languages	75	40	40	395	215	180
Dinka	20	10	10	175	90	80
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	55	25	25	225	125	100
Sign languages	190	90	100	440	230	210
American Sign Language	85	40	50	240	125	115
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	105	50	55	195	100	95
Sino-Tibetan languages	6,665	3,335	3,330	18,880	9,320	9,565
Chinese languages	6,635	3,320	3,315	18,305	9,025	9,280
Cantonese	1,145	535	610	6,625	3,140	3,485
Hakka	20	5	15	55	30	25
Mandarin	4,640	2,325	2,315	10,170	5,110	5,060
Min Dong	0	0	0	5	5	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	120	50	70	325	150	165
Wu (Shanghainese)	50	30	20	110	55	50
Chinese, n.o.s.	645	365	280	1,010	530	475
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	5	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	30	15	20	575	295	285
Burmese	15	5	10	85	50	30
Karenic languages	0	0	0	430	215	220
Tibetan	5	0	5	10	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	55	20	35
Tai-Kadai languages	155	55	100	1,120	525	595
Lao	10	0	5	875	445	430
Thai	150	50	100	240	85	165
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	5	0	0
Turkic languages	445	240	205	340	190	150
Azerbaijani	10	10	5	30	20	15
Turkish	305	165	140	210	120	95
Uyghur	5	5	5	10	5	10
Uzbek	110	60	50	40	25	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	40	25	20
Uralic languages	415	180	235	1,440	655	790
Estonian	40	20	25	30	10	15
Finnish	95	30	60	225	85	135
Hungarian	275	130	150	1,185	550	635
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	155	85	70
Multiple responses	8,060	3,920	4,140	31,505	15,280	16,220
English and French	3,445	1,600	1,850	4,365	2,140	2,230
English and non-official language	4,180	2,110	2,070	25,965	12,530	13,440
French and non-official language	225	115	105	695	380	315
English, French and non-official language	210	90	120	470	230	245
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	912,300	442,470	469,830	1,261,620	624,100	637,520
Single responses	900,755	436,755	464,000	1,197,145	593,020	604,120
Official languages	878,015	425,220	452,795	1,052,345	521,280	531,065
English	863,550	418,315	445,240	1,035,475	513,465	522,010
French	14,460	6,910	7,560	16,865	7,815	9,055
Non-official languages	22,740	11,540	11,205	144,800	71,740	73,060
Aboriginal languages	2,570	1,285	1,295	15,770	8,020	7,750
Algonquian languages	2,565	1,280	1,285	15,070	7,675	7,390
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	7,570	3,860	3,715
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	10	5	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	10	5	5
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	120	45	75
Woods Cree	0	0	0	15	10	5
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	7,415	3,790	3,620
Eastern Algonquian languages	2,560	1,280	1,280	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	2,560	1,275	1,280	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	7,495	3,820	3,675
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	5	0	0	2,505	1,280	1,225
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	4,990	2,545	2,455
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	635	305	330
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	635	305	330
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	630	305	330
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	5	0	5	15	5	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	5	0	0	10	5	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	10	5	5
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	5	0	5	10	5	10
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	35	25	10
Dakota	0	0	0	35	25	10
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	20,170	10,255	9,915	129,035	63,725	65,310
Afro-Asiatic languages	4,630	2,450	2,180	6,875	3,475	3,400
Berber languages	0	0	0	20	15	5
Kabyle	0	0	0	15	10	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	5
Cushitic languages	85	40	45	1,185	550	630
Bilen	5	0	5	120	65	55
Oromo	45	20	25	210	95	115
Somali	25	10	15	845	385	460
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	5	10	0
Semitic languages	4,540	2,405	2,130	5,650	2,895	2,750
Amharic	55	25	30	1,045	520	525
Arabic	4,260	2,270	1,990	3,105	1,600	1,505
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	5	0	5	0	5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	5	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	125	70	55	355	195	160
Maltese	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tigrigna	95	40	55	1,135	580	555
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	330	160	165	2,900	1,370	1,530
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	125	55	70
Vietnamese	330	165	170	2,775	1,315	1,460
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	1,140	550	585	27,215	13,065	14,155
Bikol	0	0	0	30	15	15
Cebuano	55	20	35	495	250	245
Fijian	0	0	0	15	5	10
Hiligaynon	5	5	5	125	55	75
Ilocano	15	5	5	390	190	200
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	5	55	25	30
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	245	120	130
Pangasinan	0	0	0	30	15	15
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,065	520	545	25,790	12,375	13,420
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	10	5	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	15	15
Creole languages	35	20	20	290	120	165
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	10	5	5
Creole, n.o.s.	15	5	5	165	75	85
Creole languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	115	45	75
Dravidian languages	425	240	185	800	400	400
Kannada	15	5	10	45	25	25
Malayalam	140	75	60	405	195	205
Tamil	140	80	60	240	120	120
Telugu	125	80	50	110	60	50
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	7,410	3,715	3,690	70,820	35,325	35,495
Albanian	110	60	55	155	80	75
Armenian	15	10	10	20	10	5
Balto-Slavic languages	1,405	680	720	11,685	5,670	6,015
Baltic languages	30	10	15	25	10	15
Latvian	10	5	10	15	5	5
Lithuanian	15	5	10	10	5	5
Slavic languages	1,375	675	700	11,660	5,660	6,000
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	5	0
Bosnian	65	30	30	285	145	140
Bulgarian	25	15	10	65	30	30
Croatian	65	25	40	320	145	180
Czech	45	25	20	115	55	60
Macedonian	0	0	0	85	35	45
Polish	235	105	125	2,010	910	1,105
Russian	785	385	390	5,530	2,780	2,745
Serbian	60	25	35	335	170	170
Serbo-Croatian	30	15	10	90	40	50
Slovak	20	10	15	70	35	35
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	55	20	30
Ukrainian	55	30	20	2,690	1,285	1,405
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	10	5	5
Celtic languages	60	35	30	20	15	10
Scottish Gaelic	60	35	30	5	5	0
Welsh	0	0	0	10	5	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,490	725	760	25,825	12,700	13,125
Afrikaans	30	15	15	200	100	100
Danish	15	0	15	10	5	5
Dutch	135	70	70	270	135	130
Frisian	5	0	0	10	5	5
German	1,225	600	625	24,795	12,185	12,615
Icelandic	30	10	15	35	15	20
Norwegian	20	5	10	10	5	5
Swedish	15	5	5	10	5	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	5	15	5	10
Yiddish	5	0	0	10	5	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	465	240	225
Greek	270	135	130	535	255	280
Indo-Iranian languages	2,815	1,475	1,335	22,810	11,920	10,890
Indo-Aryan languages	1,850	995	860	21,010	11,055	9,950
Bengali	250	135	115	690	390	305
Gujarati	100	60	35	2,100	1,095	1,005
Hindi	310	190	120	1,335	715	620
Kashmiri	5	5	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	10	5	5
Marathi	30	15	15	40	25	20
Nepali	475	235	240	540	265	280
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	250	125	125	14,000	7,330	6,670
Sindhi	5	5	0	30	10	15
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	95	45	50	360	190	170
Urdu	340	175	165	1,895	1,035	860
Iranian languages	960	475	480	1,755	835	920
Kurdish	85	50	40	275	135	140
Pashto	45	20	20	165	70	95
Persian (Farsi)	825	405	420	1,315	635	685
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	50	25	20
Italic (Romance) languages	1,240	595	645	9,765	4,670	5,090
Catalan	5	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	165	70	85	1,035	450	590
Portuguese	195	90	105	2,800	1,305	1,500
Romanian	70	35	35	235	110	125
Spanish	810	390	420	5,695	2,810	2,885
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	110	35	70	175	75	105
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	10	5	0
Georgian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Korean	710	330	385	2,915	1,430	1,490
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Mongolian	0	0	0	5	5	5
Niger-Congo languages	165	80	85	1,410	695	720
Akan (Twi)	10	0	10	45	30	20
Bamanankan	0	0	0	15	5	5
Edo	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ewe	15	5	5	5	5	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	35	15	15
Ga	5	0	0	5	0	0
Ganda	5	0	5	5	0	0
Igbo	15	5	5	75	40	35
Lingala	0	5	0	40	20	20
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	5	5	65	35	35
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	10	10	105	55	50
Shona	0	0	0	10	5	10
Swahili	60	30	35	500	240	265
Wolof	0	0	0	25	20	10
Yoruba	20	10	10	345	175	170
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	125	50	75
Nilo-Saharan languages	35	20	20	130	60	70
Dinka	10	5	10	80	35	45
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	55	30	25
Sign languages	285	145	140	560	310	255
American Sign Language	110	55	60	255	135	120
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	175	90	80	305	170	135
Sino-Tibetan languages	4,550	2,345	2,200	13,910	6,920	6,985
Chinese languages	4,545	2,345	2,200	13,445	6,685	6,765
Cantonese	640	335	310	4,455	2,105	2,350
Hakka	5	0	0	25	10	15
Mandarin	3,410	1,740	1,675	8,080	4,105	3,975
Min Dong	0	0	0	5	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	45	25	25	135	65	70
Wu (Shanghainese)	25	10	10	65	30	35
Chinese, n.o.s.	415	235	180	675	365	315
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	5	5	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	5	465	235	225
Burmese	0	0	0	55	30	25
Karenic languages	0	0	0	370	190	180
Tibetan	0	0	0	5	0	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	40	15	20
Tai-Kadai languages	55	20	35	535	250	280
Lao	0	0	0	430	210	220
Thai	55	15	35	105	40	65
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	215	110	105	135	70	65
Azerbaijani	5	5	0	10	5	10
Turkish	140	70	75	65	35	35
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	70	40	30	35	20	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	25	10	15
Uralic languages	75	35	40	305	140	165
Estonian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Finnish	15	10	5	35	15	15
Hungarian	55	25	30	270	125	145
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	40	25	20
Multiple responses	11,540	5,715	5,825	64,475	31,080	33,400
English and French	2,180	995	1,185	3,090	1,440	1,645
English and non-official language	8,970	4,515	4,450	60,090	28,995	31,090
French and non-official language	75	40	30	415	215	205
English, French and non-official language	315	155	160	885	420	455
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	912,295	442,470	469,825	1,261,615	624,095	637,520
None	861,780	418,525	443,260	1,079,050	535,990	543,065
English	17,005	8,480	8,525	76,350	37,795	38,550
French	16,390	7,210	9,175	20,200	9,130	11,075
Non-official language	16,275	7,850	8,420	83,315	39,860	43,455
Aboriginal	2,135	930	1,205	16,105	7,590	8,515
Non-Aboriginal	14,135	6,920	7,220	67,215	32,275	34,940
English and French	150	70	80	305	150	150
English and non-official language	220	105	115	1,610	815	790
French and non-official language	470	230	245	770	345	420
English, French and non-official language	5	5	0	20	5	10
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	774,750	372,455	402,290	1,001,305	491,590	509,715
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	744,260	358,055	386,205	954,035	467,790	486,250
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,813	38,379	26,750	34,188	40,379	29,220
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	744,545	358,085	386,455	954,205	467,820	486,390
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,627	33,642	24,590	30,465	35,150	26,561
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	648,960	320,380	328,580	859,545	431,145	428,400
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,938	36,363	24,497	32,592	39,229	26,692
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	554,985	243,860	311,130	701,840	309,530	392,310
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,438	8,175	6,961	4,268	1,890	5,434
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	523,020	264,375	258,645	722,785	374,850	347,935
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,979	35,676	25,405	33,677	39,365	28,679
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	774,750	372,455	402,295	1,001,305	491,580	509,725
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	744,275	357,820	386,455	953,960	467,575	486,385
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,479	49,413	34,132	43,767	51,068	36,747
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	744,560	357,855	386,710	954,175	467,605	486,565
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,175	39,776	28,993	35,957	41,013	31,097
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	648,910	320,370	328,540	859,575	431,035	428,540
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,299	48,457	32,345	42,776	50,803	34,704
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	555,740	243,445	312,295	701,830	308,940	392,890
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,495	8,859	8,211	7,099	6,411	7,640
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	523,020	264,475	258,545	722,785	374,535	348,250
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,522	46,606	32,275	42,551	49,417	35,168
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	774,750	372,455	402,295	1,001,310	491,580	509,725
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	245,425	131,095	114,325	350,580	201,335	149,245
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	47,665	53,785	42,236	50,026	54,580	44,818
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	56,820	63,886	48,717	59,523	65,410	51,581
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	84.6	87.7	80.7	88.0	91.7	83.1
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	66.9	69.7	63.3	73.6	77.4	68.6
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	15.4	12.3	19.3	12.0	8.3	16.9
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	774,750	372,455	402,295	1,001,310	491,585	509,720
Without total income	30,485	14,395	16,090	47,270	23,800	23,470
With total income	744,265	358,060	386,205	954,040	467,790	486,245
Percentage with total income	96.1	96.1	96.0	95.3	95.2	95.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	104,125	43,575	60,545	137,700	62,550	75,150
$10,000 to $19,999	134,355	50,310	84,050	150,320	58,320	91,995
$20,000 to $29,999	114,855	47,195	67,660	136,510	54,950	81,560
$30,000 to $39,999	98,325	45,040	53,280	123,685	55,805	67,885
$40,000 to $49,999	79,435	39,605	39,830	109,710	54,650	55,060
$50,000 to $59,999	57,255	32,255	25,000	80,625	45,170	35,460
$60,000 to $69,999	41,715	25,830	15,885	58,785	35,250	23,535
$70,000 to $79,999	33,195	19,945	13,250	43,365	26,465	16,895
$80,000 to $89,999	25,500	14,900	10,605	34,000	20,100	13,905
$90,000 to $99,999	15,530	10,095	5,435	21,980	13,545	8,440
$100,000 and over	39,965	29,300	10,665	57,355	40,985	16,370
$100,000 to $149,999	28,130	20,205	7,925	40,870	28,585	12,285
$150,000 and over	11,835	9,095	2,745	16,490	12,395	4,090
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	774,750	372,455	402,295	1,001,305	491,585	509,720
Without after-tax income	30,205	14,370	15,840	47,100	23,770	23,330
With after-tax income	744,540	358,085	386,455	954,205	467,820	486,390
Percentage with after-tax income	96.1	96.1	96.1	95.3	95.2	95.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	108,630	44,435	64,195	142,035	63,525	78,510
$10,000 to $19,999	142,975	54,160	88,815	161,865	63,410	98,460
$20,000 to $29,999	138,435	58,900	79,535	165,880	68,985	96,895
$30,000 to $39,999	119,130	56,990	62,145	153,680	73,335	80,350
$40,000 to $49,999	84,245	46,675	37,565	116,415	63,755	52,660
$50,000 to $59,999	56,235	34,590	21,645	78,105	46,940	31,160
$60,000 to $69,999	39,320	23,195	16,125	53,870	32,165	21,705
$70,000 to $79,999	21,210	13,950	7,260	31,690	19,680	12,010
$80,000 and over	34,360	25,185	9,170	50,655	36,025	14,630
$80,000 to $89,999	11,615	8,185	3,430	18,025	12,260	5,760
$90,000 to $99,999	6,825	4,950	1,875	10,325	7,305	3,015
$100,000 and over	15,915	12,050	3,860	22,305	16,460	5,850
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	774,745	372,455	402,295	1,001,305	491,590	509,720
Without employment income	251,730	108,080	143,650	278,525	116,740	161,775
With employment income	523,020	264,370	258,640	722,785	374,845	347,940
Percentage with employment income	67.5	71.0	64.3	72.2	76.3	68.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	72,940	34,125	38,820	90,045	42,675	47,375
$5,000 to $9,999	45,820	19,475	26,350	54,560	23,875	30,690
$10,000 to $19,999	76,685	33,555	43,130	94,460	41,920	52,535
$20,000 to $29,999	66,155	29,385	36,770	89,540	39,650	49,895
$30,000 to $39,999	60,485	27,455	33,035	88,340	41,905	46,440
$40,000 to $49,999	49,395	24,470	24,925	77,755	40,205	37,550
$50,000 to $59,999	37,685	21,735	15,955	58,900	34,355	24,550
$60,000 to $69,999	28,695	17,955	10,740	44,085	27,115	16,970
$70,000 to $79,999	24,970	14,750	10,220	34,450	21,375	13,075
$80,000 and over	60,175	41,470	18,705	90,650	61,780	28,865
$80,000 to $89,999	20,175	11,645	8,535	28,365	16,860	11,505
$90,000 to $99,999	11,685	7,975	3,715	17,635	11,355	6,275
$100,000 and over	28,310	21,850	6,460	44,650	33,560	11,095
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	401,990	...	...	489,050	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	60,764	...	...	68,147	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	53,129	...	...	59,093	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	118,670	...	...	135,495	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	30,377	...	...	35,846	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	27,511	...	...	31,538	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	283,320	...	...	353,550	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	77,136	...	...	84,532	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	66,538	...	...	72,688	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	401,990	...	...	489,050	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	76,797	...	...	85,373	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	63,299	...	...	70,154	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	118,705	...	...	135,440	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	39,601	...	...	44,208	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	32,962	...	...	36,503	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	283,285	...	...	353,605	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	92,383	...	...	101,140	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	76,011	...	...	83,044	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	401,990	...	...	489,050	...	...
Under $5,000	6,830	...	...	9,250	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	7,755	...	...	8,175	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	12,330	...	...	11,450	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	20,155	...	...	18,260	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	20,210	...	...	21,395	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	18,700	...	...	19,035	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	21,645	...	...	21,090	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	19,995	...	...	21,745	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	19,285	...	...	21,605	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	18,235	...	...	21,225	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	33,450	...	...	40,240	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	30,470	...	...	37,910	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	27,755	...	...	34,275	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	24,340	...	...	31,555	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	20,240	...	...	27,215	...	...
$100,000 and over	100,600	...	...	144,620	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	38,090	...	...	52,495	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	24,330	...	...	34,595	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	23,445	...	...	34,670	...	...
$200,000 and over	14,730	...	...	22,865	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	401,990	...	...	489,050	...	...
Under $5,000	7,145	...	...	9,725	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	7,885	...	...	8,315	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	12,545	...	...	11,860	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	21,370	...	...	19,325	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	23,030	...	...	24,370	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	22,365	...	...	22,665	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	25,495	...	...	25,915	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	23,945	...	...	26,725	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	22,630	...	...	25,965	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	21,635	...	...	25,290	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	40,585	...	...	48,610	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	35,920	...	...	44,280	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	29,795	...	...	38,890	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	24,160	...	...	32,370	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	19,275	...	...	26,890	...	...
$100,000 and over	64,210	...	...	97,850	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	31,985	...	...	46,355	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	15,940	...	...	24,795	...	...
$150,000 and over	16,280	...	...	26,705	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	269,560	...	...	341,205	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	77,529	...	...	84,441	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	66,728	...	...	72,563	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	121,200	...	...	127,580	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	71,495	...	...	79,103	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	61,883	...	...	67,596	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	97,460	...	...	150,585	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	104,981	...	...	104,902	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	88,099	...	...	89,307	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.8	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	43,560	...	...	52,215	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	45,597	...	...	49,922	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	42,309	...	...	46,048	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	269,510	...	...	341,235	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	93,027	...	...	101,410	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	76,371	...	...	83,132	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	121,285	...	...	127,710	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	85,511	...	...	95,583	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	70,143	...	...	77,743	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	97,490	...	...	150,695	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	119,890	...	...	122,176	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	97,021	...	...	99,399	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	43,470	...	...	52,130	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	54,587	...	...	60,006	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	47,700	...	...	52,307	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	157,715	73,825	83,890	175,270	86,935	88,335
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	28,180	30,235	26,673	32,927	35,568	30,818
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	25,848	27,176	24,859	29,429	31,130	28,062
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	157,410	73,440	83,970	174,945	86,380	88,565
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	36,847	38,945	35,012	40,853	43,332	38,434
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	30,893	31,946	29,973	33,961	35,291	32,663
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	908,340	440,700	467,640	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
In the bottom half of the distribution	519,830	244,725	275,105	687,930	332,640	355,290
In the bottom decile	105,810	49,730	56,080	151,750	74,825	76,930
In the second decile	112,825	49,900	62,920	135,485	62,035	73,450
In the third decile	102,515	48,345	54,175	135,395	64,805	70,590
In the fourth decile	100,645	48,515	52,130	132,755	65,185	67,575
In the fifth decile	98,030	48,235	49,800	132,540	65,790	66,750
In the top half of the distribution	388,510	195,975	192,540	552,770	281,805	270,965
In the sixth decile	94,350	47,240	47,110	127,575	64,305	63,265
In the seventh decile	89,765	45,260	44,505	123,505	62,770	60,735
In the eighth decile	83,140	41,815	41,330	116,805	59,460	57,350
In the ninth decile	69,850	35,450	34,400	104,820	53,835	50,980
In the top decile	51,410	26,210	25,195	80,070	41,435	38,640
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	898,345	435,895	462,450	1,175,720	581,585	594,135
0 to 17 years	159,820	81,670	78,150	260,905	134,075	126,830
0 to 5 years	49,595	25,280	24,310	85,935	44,240	41,695
18 to 64 years	565,395	274,120	291,275	737,035	365,965	371,070
65 years and over	173,125	80,100	93,025	177,780	81,540	96,235
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	154,955	70,415	84,540	180,880	85,185	95,690
0 to 17 years	35,525	18,145	17,380	57,185	29,390	27,790
0 to 5 years	12,740	6,470	6,275	21,325	10,970	10,355
18 to 64 years	88,355	40,375	47,985	98,920	46,630	52,285
65 years and over	31,075	11,890	19,185	24,785	9,165	15,615
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	17.2	16.2	18.3	15.4	14.6	16.1
0 to 17 years (%)	22.2	22.2	22.2	21.9	21.9	21.9
0 to 5 years (%)	25.7	25.6	25.8	24.8	24.8	24.8
18 to 64 years (%)	15.6	14.7	16.5	13.4	12.7	14.1
65 years and over (%)	17.9	14.8	20.6	13.9	11.2	16.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	70,745	34,290	36,460	115,965	56,255	59,705
0 to 17 years	15,285	7,805	7,485	33,260	17,040	16,220
0 to 5 years	5,645	2,870	2,775	12,310	6,325	5,985
18 to 64 years	52,220	25,185	27,030	73,655	35,895	37,760
65 years and over	3,240	1,295	1,945	9,045	3,325	5,725
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	7.9	7.9	7.9	9.9	9.7	10.0
0 to 17 years (%)	9.6	9.6	9.6	12.7	12.7	12.8
0 to 5 years (%)	11.4	11.4	11.4	14.3	14.3	14.4
18 to 64 years (%)	9.2	9.2	9.3	10.0	9.8	10.2
65 years and over (%)	1.9	1.6	2.1	5.1	4.1	5.9
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	908,340	440,730	467,605	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Official languages	905,700	439,525	466,180	1,224,985	607,375	617,605
English	905,020	439,215	465,805	1,223,665	606,760	616,905
French	95,740	42,150	53,585	108,560	49,435	59,130
Non-official languages	64,100	31,380	32,725	340,250	165,150	175,100
Aboriginal languages	5,645	2,685	2,960	40,465	19,410	21,050
Algonquian languages	5,575	2,635	2,935	38,305	18,375	19,930
Blackfoot	0	0	0	10	0	10
Cree-Montagnais languages	20	15	10	20,975	10,025	10,955
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	10
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	85	25	55
Plains Cree	0	0	0	190	90	100
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	10	0	0	1,140	505	640
Woods Cree	0	0	0	130	65	65
Cree, n.o.s.	10	10	0	19,435	9,340	10,095
Eastern Algonquian languages	5,550	2,625	2,920	10	10	0
Malecite	10	0	10	10	10	0
Mi'kmaq	5,540	2,625	2,920	10	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	10	17,710	8,520	9,185
Algonquin	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ojibway	10	0	10	9,685	4,560	5,125
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	8,045	3,975	4,070
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	15	15	10	1,120	525	595
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	10	0	1,110	520	590
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	10	0	1,110	520	595
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	10	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	10	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	35	25	15	110	55	55
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Inuktitut	30	15	10	80	35	45
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	20	15	10
Iroquoian languages	10	10	0	15	10	10
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	10	10	0	15	10	10
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	10
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	10	0	10	210	115	95
Salish languages	10	0	0	0	0	10
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	10	0	10
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	760	365	395
Dakota	0	0	0	760	360	400
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35	15	20
Non-Aboriginal languages	58,490	28,715	29,770	299,900	145,795	154,110
Afro-Asiatic languages	10,730	5,745	4,985	15,730	8,320	7,410
Berber languages	25	15	15	85	50	40
Kabyle	25	15	15	45	25	20
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	35	10
Cushitic languages	155	65	95	2,300	1,195	1,105
Bilen	20	15	10	210	120	85
Oromo	40	15	20	535	275	260
Somali	75	25	55	1,550	790	760
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	15	15	10
Semitic languages	10,635	5,715	4,925	13,685	7,300	6,390
Amharic	260	135	120	2,475	1,370	1,105
Arabic	9,685	5,185	4,500	6,650	3,590	3,055
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	10	0	15	0	10
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	10	0
Hebrew	630	370	260	3,370	1,735	1,635
Maltese	25	0	25	65	30	35
Tigrigna	140	65	70	2,225	1,175	1,050
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	15	10	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	155	80	80
Austro-Asiatic languages	575	260	310	5,230	2,545	2,685
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	0	10	335	185	150
Vietnamese	555	255	300	4,905	2,370	2,535
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	3,035	1,275	1,760	65,305	30,220	35,090
Bikol	10	0	10	225	100	125
Cebuano	185	80	100	1,615	805	810
Fijian	10	0	0	65	35	30
Hiligaynon	45	20	30	425	180	245
Ilocano	70	20	55	1,875	880	990
Malagasy	10	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	80	25	60	375	180	195
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	10	0	945	415	530
Pangasinan	0	0	0	205	100	110
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,835	1,195	1,635	64,165	29,640	34,520
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	115	55	55
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	200	80	120
Creole languages	360	185	175	1,310	605	705
Haitian Creole	35	20	15	25	10	15
Creole, n.o.s.	120	60	65	635	310	315
Creole languages, n.i.e.	210	115	100	680	305	375
Dravidian languages	1,365	785	580	1,840	945	895
Kannada	75	45	35	175	95	80
Malayalam	560	310	250	830	400	430
Tamil	450	260	190	655	330	325
Telugu	350	215	135	255	150	110
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	30,820	15,070	15,755	175,950	86,435	89,510
Albanian	405	185	215	390	195	195
Armenian	80	45	30	65	50	15
Balto-Slavic languages	4,095	1,935	2,160	39,530	18,780	20,745
Baltic languages	110	35	80	230	90	140
Latvian	50	15	35	115	45	70
Lithuanian	55	15	40	120	50	65
Slavic languages	4,010	1,910	2,105	39,360	18,720	20,640
Belarusan	10	0	10	65	25	45
Bosnian	145	60	80	835	405	430
Bulgarian	75	35	35	155	95	60
Croatian	275	105	165	1,595	765	825
Czech	210	95	110	735	335	395
Macedonian	90	55	30	140	75	60
Polish	900	410	490	7,655	3,625	4,035
Russian	1,945	970	970	13,455	6,715	6,740
Serbian	180	85	95	870	470	400
Serbo-Croatian	115	70	50	190	75	115
Slovak	145	70	75	480	215	260
Slovene (Slovenian)	35	10	20	275	100	175
Ukrainian	425	180	245	17,095	7,795	9,305
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	35	30
Celtic languages	1,070	495	580	225	125	100
Scottish Gaelic	910	400	505	90	65	25
Welsh	35	25	10	90	45	45
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	155	80	75	45	15	25
Germanic languages	9,225	4,490	4,740	68,285	33,250	35,035
Afrikaans	320	140	175	715	330	385
Danish	235	125	110	270	120	150
Dutch	2,105	935	1,165	3,120	1,555	1,565
Frisian	60	30	30	90	65	30
German	6,335	3,180	3,155	61,760	30,170	31,600
Icelandic	100	40	60	560	225	335
Norwegian	150	105	40	290	115	175
Swedish	245	115	130	270	125	150
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	10	15	270	120	155
Yiddish	30	15	15	545	235	315
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	125	45	85	2,490	1,285	1,205
Greek	1,315	670	645	2,010	1,015	1,000
Indo-Iranian languages	6,535	3,635	2,900	38,760	20,480	18,280
Indo-Aryan languages	4,935	2,790	2,140	35,830	18,990	16,835
Bengali	625	350	275	1,520	885	635
Gujarati	240	150	90	3,905	2,065	1,840
Hindi	2,270	1,300	975	12,900	6,900	6,000
Kashmiri	15	0	10	20	15	10
Konkani	15	15	0	40	30	10
Marathi	135	85	45	275	170	105
Nepali	620	315	305	600	285	315
Oriya (Odia)	20	10	15	15	10	10
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,010	570	445	22,900	12,035	10,865
Sindhi	10	0	0	150	85	65
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	245	125	120	920	500	420
Urdu	1,090	660	425	4,600	2,540	2,060
Iranian languages	1,625	865	755	3,035	1,525	1,515
Kurdish	185	110	75	600	295	305
Pashto	85	55	30	290	135	150
Persian (Farsi)	1,385	725	660	2,295	1,175	1,120
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	75	40	35	230	125	105
Italic (Romance) languages	9,365	4,270	5,100	34,360	16,630	17,735
Catalan	15	10	10	15	10	10
Italian	1,665	845	820	5,350	2,610	2,735
Portuguese	910	480	430	8,460	4,125	4,335
Romanian	240	140	105	785	395	390
Spanish	6,990	3,020	3,970	20,605	9,910	10,695
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	70	55	20	60	45	15
Japanese	865	335	530	1,160	550	605
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	10	0	15
Georgian	0	10	0	15	0	15
Korean	1,530	685	850	4,240	2,100	2,145
Mongolic languages	10	0	10	55	20	35
Mongolian	0	0	0	55	20	30
Niger-Congo languages	1,340	715	620	7,970	4,125	3,845
Akan (Twi)	65	40	30	260	165	95
Bamanankan	10	10	10	160	95	65
Edo	10	10	0	95	60	30
Ewe	80	50	30	50	30	20
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	10	0	50	25	25
Ga	30	15	20	30	10	15
Ganda	60	15	40	230	110	120
Igbo	70	45	30	665	345	325
Lingala	30	15	15	655	315	345
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	205	105	105
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	130	65	65	305	155	155
Shona	65	40	35	250	110	140
Swahili	370	200	175	1,930	1,020	905
Wolof	35	15	20	150	85	70
Yoruba	250	125	125	2,630	1,330	1,295
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	300	175	130	1,440	765	680
Nilo-Saharan languages	50	30	20	410	225	185
Dinka	0	0	10	180	105	75
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	45	30	10	225	120	105
Sign languages	1,605	555	1,045	2,670	985	1,685
American Sign Language	795	235	555	1,710	625	1,090
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	815	325	495	975	365	610
Sino-Tibetan languages	7,135	3,615	3,515	21,130	10,490	10,650
Chinese languages	7,115	3,610	3,500	20,475	10,185	10,285
Cantonese	1,555	730	820	8,310	3,920	4,390
Hakka	45	25	25	50	30	20
Mandarin	5,435	2,720	2,710	12,825	6,460	6,365
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	195	75	120	480	230	250
Wu (Shanghainese)	60	35	30	185	95	85
Chinese, n.o.s.	575	340	245	1,115	600	510
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	20	10	15	675	310	370
Burmese	0	0	0	185	115	70
Karenic languages	0	0	0	465	200	265
Tibetan	20	10	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	145	60	80
Tai-Kadai languages	240	110	130	1,565	730	835
Lao	20	0	10	1,120	520	600
Thai	220	100	120	575	270	305
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Turkic languages	620	320	300	510	250	265
Azerbaijani	20	20	0	50	25	30
Turkish	480	225	255	365	180	185
Uyghur	15	0	10	30	15	10
Uzbek	105	60	40	40	20	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	45	15	30
Uralic languages	430	200	230	1,550	730	815
Estonian	50	25	20	45	20	25
Finnish	120	55	70	265	105	160
Hungarian	255	115	140	1,235	600	635
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	75	40	35	445	290	150
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	908,340	440,735	467,605	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	878,415	425,340	453,070	1,133,080	560,165	572,920
Canadian citizens aged under 18	159,440	81,575	77,870	266,225	136,640	129,585
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	718,970	343,770	375,200	866,855	423,520	443,335
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	29,930	15,395	14,535	107,620	54,280	53,340
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	908,340	440,730	467,605	1,240,700	614,445	626,255
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	842,760	407,740	435,015	996,860	494,285	502,570
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	55,675	27,270	28,405	227,465	111,095	116,365
Before 1981	19,200	9,335	9,865	50,025	23,340	26,680
1981 to 1990	4,800	2,330	2,470	20,205	10,190	10,010
1991 to 2000	6,705	3,140	3,560	23,040	11,165	11,875
2001 to 2010	13,185	6,540	6,645	70,985	35,305	35,680
2001 to 2005	5,105	2,500	2,600	22,570	11,195	11,370
2006 to 2010	8,080	4,035	4,045	48,415	24,110	24,305
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	11,790	5,925	5,865	63,210	31,095	32,120
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	9,900	5,720	4,185	16,375	9,055	7,320
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	55,675	27,270	28,410	227,470	111,100	116,370
Under 5 years	7,280	3,495	3,785	25,595	12,975	12,625
5 to 14 years	10,445	5,240	5,205	45,570	23,305	22,265
15 to 24 years	10,170	4,670	5,500	44,585	20,820	23,770
25 to 44 years	22,980	11,315	11,660	93,700	45,160	48,540
45 years and over	4,800	2,550	2,250	18,010	8,845	9,170
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	55,680	27,270	28,410	227,465	111,095	116,365
Americas	10,610	4,830	5,780	31,980	15,285	16,700
Brazil	175	75	100	435	170	265
Colombia	175	90	85	1,050	510	545
El Salvador	95	50	45	2,480	1,325	1,155
Guyana	170	85	90	1,135	515	620
Haiti	55	30	30	155	75	80
Jamaica	480	210	275	1,810	835	970
Mexico	325	155	175	6,655	3,330	3,320
Peru	105	35	75	235	85	150
Trinidad and Tobago	220	120	100	1,505	785	720
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	7,375	3,320	4,055	7,100	3,100	4,000
Other places of birth in Americas	1,430	675	750	9,425	4,550	4,875
Europe	22,110	11,195	10,920	56,705	27,815	28,890
Bosnia and Herzegovina	210	115	100	1,055	530	525
Croatia	180	75	105	975	445	535
France	610	330	280	795	425	365
Germany	2,600	1,270	1,330	10,390	5,215	5,175
Greece	505	270	235	820	445	375
Hungary	110	40	65	815	435	375
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	475	225	255	650	310	340
Italy	525	310	215	2,755	1,405	1,350
Netherlands	1,645	790	855	2,250	1,185	1,060
Poland	630	265	365	5,280	2,455	2,820
Portugal	220	140	80	4,380	2,170	2,210
Romania	180	100	80	720	345	375
Russian Federation	585	270	315	4,245	2,035	2,210
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	90	45	45	355	175	175
Ukraine	335	145	195	4,765	2,250	2,515
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	11,275	5,815	5,460	11,665	5,655	6,015
Other places of birth in Europe	1,930	985	945	4,790	2,325	2,470
Africa	3,525	1,855	1,675	17,975	9,495	8,485
Algeria	25	15	15	115	60	55
Egypt	770	395	370	980	525	455
Ethiopia	185	105	85	2,525	1,360	1,165
Kenya	125	75	50	935	470	465
Morocco	80	50	30	250	140	110
Nigeria	350	185	165	3,820	2,070	1,750
Somalia	65	30	35	755	350	415
South Africa, Republic of	460	205	250	975	465	505
Other places of birth in Africa	1,465	790	675	7,630	4,055	3,570
Asia	18,955	9,100	9,855	120,230	58,215	62,015
Afghanistan	100	40	60	615	285	330
Bangladesh	315	180	135	880	475	400
China^{Census data footnote 59}	2,830	1,140	1,685	9,250	4,460	4,790
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	280	130	155	1,460	715	735
India	2,225	1,190	1,040	21,990	11,395	10,595
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	970	525	440	1,180	655	530
Iraq	525	250	285	860	460	400
Japan	225	60	170	225	70	150
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	870	340	530	2,880	1,415	1,470
Lebanon	1,370	755	610	265	165	100
Pakistan	615	315	295	3,125	1,675	1,450
Philippines	2,570	1,035	1,540	61,950	28,800	33,150
Sri Lanka	310	140	175	1,015	515	505
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	1,150	565	580	805	390	410
Taiwan	225	100	120	215	110	110
Viet Nam	450	205	245	4,225	2,035	2,185
Other places of birth in Asia	3,930	2,130	1,795	9,285	4,590	4,695
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	480	295	180	575	290	280
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	11,785	5,920	5,870	63,210	31,095	32,115
Americas	1,390	675	715	4,130	1,840	2,290
Brazil	95	40	55	100	35	65
Colombia	15	0	15	185	70	120
Cuba	70	40	30	75	25	55
Haiti	20	15	0	15	10	0
Jamaica	195	100	95	340	175	165
Mexico	105	55	45	875	415	465
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	615	310	305	970	445	525
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	15	10	10	75	30	40
Other places of birth in Americas	275	115	165	1,490	640	850
Europe	2,210	1,165	1,045	5,155	2,650	2,505
France	110	55	55	135	70	75
Germany	215	110	100	580	310	265
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	75	50	25	135	80	60
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	25	10	15	160	85	70
Romania	40	25	15	70	30	35
Russian Federation	180	75	100	1,145	530	610
Ukraine	140	55	80	1,320	670	650
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	1,080	620	460	550	290	265
Other places of birth in Europe	355	165	190	1,060	590	470
Africa	1,085	600	485	7,860	4,120	3,735
Algeria	15	0	10	20	10	10
Cameroon	0	0	10	65	45	20
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	55	30	25	740	360	380
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	95	35	60
Egypt	205	105	95	415	220	190
Eritrea	70	40	30	795	430	360
Ethiopia	45	35	10	810	425	380
Morocco	30	15	10	70	30	35
Nigeria	200	100	100	2,630	1,415	1,215
Somalia	10	0	10	385	160	215
South Africa, Republic of	80	35	45	225	110	120
Tunisia	10	10	0	65	45	20
Other places of birth in Africa	365	220	150	1,555	820	735
Asia	7,035	3,435	3,600	45,915	22,395	23,520
Afghanistan	20	0	20	60	35	25
Bangladesh	80	50	30	360	195	170
China^{Census data footnote 59}	985	465	520	3,390	1,635	1,760
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	10	0	0	185	105	80
India	900	490	410	10,915	5,675	5,240
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	260	135	125	425	230	195
Iraq	245	125	120	330	175	155
Israel	280	180	100	595	340	260
Japan	70	25	50	45	25	25
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	225	75	150	1,300	665	640
Lebanon	75	35	40	140	100	35
Nepal	185	95	85	210	70	140
Pakistan	145	80	65	1,535	800	735
Philippines	1,500	640	860	22,885	10,645	12,245
Saudi Arabia	125	75	50	325	145	180
Sri Lanka	100	55	50	250	140	115
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	890	420	460	635	325	310
Taiwan	0	0	0	20	0	10
Turkey	100	55	40	40	30	10
United Arab Emirates	70	45	20	110	55	55
Viet Nam	65	20	45	495	220	275
Other places of birth in Asia	715	370	345	1,650	785	870
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	70	50	20	150	80	70
Australia	35	30	0	80	25	60
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	35	15	15	65	55	15
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	908,340	440,735	467,605	1,240,695	614,440	626,260
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	70,310	35,320	34,990	249,625	123,035	126,585
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	69,125	33,765	35,360	197,530	97,135	100,395
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	768,905	371,645	397,260	793,545	394,265	399,280
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	37,000	18,195	18,805	180,810	89,380	91,425
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	21,830	11,270	10,560	119,845	60,680	59,165
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	8,710	5,865	2,845	44,415	27,435	16,980
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	13,115	5,405	7,710	75,430	33,250	42,185
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	10,415	4,455	5,955	39,875	17,355	22,525
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	4,520	2,345	2,175	20,550	11,155	9,395
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	235	120	115	540	195	345
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	908,340	440,730	467,605	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	51,495	24,900	26,595	223,310	108,495	114,815
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	49,935	24,175	25,765	220,470	107,145	113,330
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	25,830	12,460	13,370	130,510	62,955	67,550
Métis	23,315	11,325	11,985	89,355	43,895	45,465
Inuk (Inuit)	795	385	410	610	295	310
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	835	425	410	2,020	985	1,030
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	725	300	420	820	365	450
Non-Aboriginal identity	856,850	415,835	441,015	1,017,385	505,945	511,445
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	908,340	440,735	467,610	1,240,700	614,440	626,255
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	18,940	9,135	9,805	127,250	61,300	65,950
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	889,405	431,595	457,800	1,113,450	553,140	560,305
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	908,340	440,735	467,610	1,240,700	614,440	626,255
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	15,055	7,255	7,805	110,630	53,980	56,645
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	14,780	7,120	7,655	108,055	52,775	55,285
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	11,995	5,790	6,210	93,070	45,490	47,580
Métis single ancestry	2,560	1,245	1,315	14,835	7,210	7,625
Inuit single ancestry	220	85	135	155	75	80
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	275	135	145	2,570	1,205	1,365
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	210	95	115	2,495	1,160	1,335
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	25	20	10	50	30	15
Métis and Inuit ancestries	30	20	15	15	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	10	0	10	10	10	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	58,980	27,665	31,315	114,605	55,480	59,120
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	56,830	26,660	30,170	107,535	52,250	55,285
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	34,375	15,975	18,400	40,265	19,440	20,820
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	21,200	10,120	11,080	66,810	32,600	34,215
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,255	560	690	460	210	250
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	2,145	1,005	1,140	7,070	3,235	3,835
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,850	855	995	6,800	3,100	3,705
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	135	50	80	120	65	55
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	130	90	45	130	55	80
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	30	10	20	10	10	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	834,300	405,810	428,495	1,015,465	504,980	510,485
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	908,340	440,735	467,605	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	58,650	29,305	29,350	216,850	108,315	108,530
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	7,910	4,385	3,525	42,060	22,200	19,855
Chinese	8,640	4,210	4,435	22,540	11,340	11,195
Black	21,915	10,735	11,175	30,335	15,790	14,550
Filipino	3,400	1,485	1,920	79,815	37,935	41,885
Latin American	1,685	820	865	9,895	4,840	5,050
Arab	8,110	4,375	3,735	5,030	2,705	2,325
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	1,195	525	670	8,565	4,155	4,410
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	1,540	805	740	2,695	1,420	1,270
Korean	1,540	685	855	4,375	2,195	2,180
Japanese	695	295	405	1,850	880	975
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	630	300	330	3,195	1,610	1,590
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	1,385	690	695	6,485	3,235	3,250
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	849,690	411,430	438,260	1,023,850	506,125	517,725
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	908,340	440,730	467,610	1,240,700	614,440	626,255
North American Aboriginal origins	74,040	34,920	39,115	225,230	109,465	115,770
First Nations (North American Indian)	48,640	22,805	25,835	142,820	69,305	73,510
Inuit	1,840	830	1,010	955	460	500
Métis	26,025	12,435	13,585	91,120	44,150	46,970
Other North American origins	410,825	197,970	212,855	247,670	123,075	124,600
Acadian	23,700	11,050	12,650	645	325	320
American	7,515	3,730	3,785	9,220	4,605	4,615
Canadian	387,360	186,955	200,405	240,835	119,610	121,225
New Brunswicker	35	15	20	10	0	10
Newfoundlander	1,750	835	910	215	130	90
Nova Scotian	1,295	625	665	20	15	0
Ontarian	95	65	35	20	20	0
Québécois	380	190	185	280	150	125
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	20	0	15	30	10	25
European origins	621,525	299,755	321,760	826,210	406,770	419,445
British Isles origins	513,725	246,085	267,645	421,515	206,840	214,675
Channel Islander	90	25	60	45	25	25
Cornish	105	45	65	85	45	40
English	262,375	124,610	137,765	245,960	119,975	125,985
Irish	195,865	91,260	104,605	156,145	74,290	81,850
Manx	145	70	70	200	100	100
Scottish	272,880	129,640	143,240	208,065	100,790	107,265
Welsh	17,135	8,105	9,030	17,760	8,575	9,180
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	18,975	8,955	10,020	19,610	9,260	10,355
French origins	149,665	70,095	79,570	148,810	72,060	76,750
Alsatian	25	20	10	20	15	15
Breton	15	10	10	120	40	75
Corsican	20	20	0	0	10	0
French	149,625	70,065	79,565	148,740	72,020	76,720
Western European origins (except French origins)	125,110	59,420	65,690	286,985	141,285	145,705
Austrian	1,775	880	895	12,325	6,190	6,135
Bavarian	10	10	10	15	10	0
Belgian	2,615	1,320	1,305	21,510	10,495	11,020
Dutch	32,045	14,640	17,410	55,525	27,375	28,150
Flemish	160	80	80	965	445	515
Frisian	50	20	30	140	75	55
German	97,555	46,450	51,100	220,735	108,650	112,080
Luxembourger	30	20	10	155	65	90
Swiss	2,705	1,335	1,375	5,475	2,660	2,810
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	140	75	60	140	65	75
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	14,985	7,075	7,910	80,295	38,580	41,720
Danish	3,700	1,695	2,005	7,895	3,850	4,050
Finnish	1,140	505	630	4,000	1,905	2,095
Icelandic	660	295	370	31,090	15,265	15,825
Norwegian	5,170	2,535	2,635	19,600	9,145	10,455
Swedish	3,565	1,575	1,990	22,470	10,530	11,945
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	1,365	750	620	2,540	1,260	1,285
Eastern European origins	29,685	14,315	15,370	287,695	141,310	146,380
Bulgarian	280	130	145	330	190	145
Byelorussian	195	85	105	885	430	455
Czech	1,165	620	545	4,590	2,165	2,425
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	420	175	245	2,155	1,120	1,040
Estonian	345	185	165	190	80	115
Hungarian	2,700	1,320	1,380	10,120	4,990	5,125
Latvian	380	160	220	1,365	655	715
Lithuanian	1,150	510	635	1,455	750	705
Moldovan	10	0	10	325	170	160
Polish	11,575	5,525	6,050	88,090	42,670	45,420
Romanian	1,190	540	650	5,835	2,790	3,045
Russian	4,775	2,210	2,570	58,225	28,625	29,605
Slovak	610	320	290	2,190	1,055	1,135
Ukrainian	9,115	4,475	4,640	180,055	88,615	91,445
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	310	150	160	895	415	480
Southern European origins	28,680	13,790	14,890	59,915	29,445	30,470
Albanian	285	140	145	415	220	195
Bosnian	155	75	75	1,030	505	520
Catalan	0	0	0	15	0	15
Croatian	680	325	360	2,930	1,430	1,500
Cypriot	40	30	15	45	25	15
Greek	3,360	1,705	1,650	4,130	2,070	2,060
Italian	15,620	7,605	8,015	23,210	11,675	11,530
Kosovar	255	115	145	45	20	25
Macedonian	165	90	80	225	120	110
Maltese	440	215	220	360	165	195
Montenegrin	20	10	10	40	10	30
Portuguese	3,580	1,700	1,880	14,540	7,215	7,320
Serbian	255	120	135	1,240	660	580
Sicilian	40	20	15	235	110	125
Slovenian	150	70	85	1,005	485	520
Spanish	4,300	1,875	2,425	12,625	5,680	6,945
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	400	205	200	1,060	540	525
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	85	50	40	65	40	30
Other European origins	5,465	2,845	2,625	10,950	5,550	5,400
Basque	160	75	85	100	65	35
Jewish	2,040	1,040	1,000	8,455	4,250	4,200
Roma (Gypsy)	135	110	25	155	70	85
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	25	25	0	185	100	85
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	3,145	1,610	1,535	2,130	1,090	1,040
Caribbean origins	5,220	2,580	2,640	10,805	5,355	5,450
Antiguan	100	50	55	60	20	40
Bahamian	230	105	115	60	35	25
Barbadian	575	300	275	740	390	350
Bermudan	185	90	100	40	30	15
Carib	45	30	10	65	30	40
Cuban	340	145	195	340	155	190
Dominican	150	85	65	275	145	135
Grenadian	35	20	20	160	85	80
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	115	50	65	235	90	150
Jamaican	2,075	1,050	1,025	4,585	2,250	2,335
Kittitian/Nevisian	45	15	30	10	10	0
Martinican	10	10	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	115	40	75	70	25	45
St. Lucian	65	20	50	30	20	15
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	325	170	155	2,395	1,240	1,160
Vincentian/Grenadinian	35	20	15	190	90	105
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	785	420	365	1,465	705	760
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	330	155	180	665	360	305
Latin, Central and South American origins	3,055	1,525	1,525	23,115	11,555	11,565
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	185	90	100	650	330	320
Arawak	0	0	0	10	10	10
Argentinian	65	40	25	475	230	245
Belizean	25	20	10	200	105	100
Bolivian	40	20	15	300	160	140
Brazilian	280	140	135	830	375	455
Chilean	130	80	45	1,520	720	795
Colombian	430	210	225	1,400	680	715
Costa Rican	35	10	25	65	40	25
Ecuadorian	50	20	30	125	70	55
Guatemalan	90	65	35	505	240	260
Guyanese	350	160	195	1,485	770	715
Hispanic	60	35	25	425	210	220
Honduran	50	35	20	520	245	280
Maya	70	35	30	220	135	80
Mexican	810	415	395	8,790	4,440	4,350
Nicaraguan	45	20	25	370	200	170
Panamanian	25	10	15	50	10	40
Paraguayan	0	0	0	2,080	1,070	1,010
Peruvian	180	85	95	350	130	225
Salvadorean	110	75	35	2,735	1,425	1,315
Uruguayan	15	0	20	35	10	20
Venezuelan	80	50	30	240	95	150
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	185	80	105	1,045	525	520
African origins	17,655	8,560	9,095	28,860	14,980	13,885
Central and West African origins	1,335	700	635	8,665	4,585	4,085
Akan	10	0	10	35	10	25
Angolan	10	0	10	10	10	0
Ashanti	0	10	0	25	10	10
Beninese	20	10	10	55	45	0
Burkinabe	0	0	10	20	10	10
Cameroonian	70	35	35	145	80	70
Chadian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Congolese	180	95	85	1,575	785	790
Edo	0	0	0	130	85	45
Ewe	0	0	0	15	10	10
Gabonese	10	0	0	25	20	10
Gambian	10	0	10	10	0	10
Ghanaian	185	105	85	380	220	170
Guinean	30	20	10	70	20	50
Ibo	90	50	40	435	205	225
Ivorian	10	0	0	120	45	75
Liberian	15	10	10	80	20	55
Malian	10	0	10	140	85	55
Malinké	15	10	10	35	20	10
Nigerian	445	240	210	3,860	2,130	1,735
Peulh	0	10	0	25	15	15
Senegalese	10	10	0	115	70	40
Sierra Leonean	80	45	35	320	155	165
Togolese	70	30	35	115	60	55
Wolof	0	0	0	25	10	15
Yoruba	65	25	45	1,050	540	510
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	120	65	50	545	260	285
North African origins	2,030	1,045	980	3,690	1,980	1,705
Algerian	85	45	40	100	35	60
Berber	70	50	20	150	90	55
Coptic	30	10	20	85	45	40
Dinka	0	0	0	30	25	10
Egyptian	1,295	695	600	1,335	720	620
Libyan	215	105	110	360	175	185
Maure	10	0	10	100	70	30
Moroccan	130	60	70	350	190	160
Sudanese	130	50	80	1,075	580	500
Tunisian	65	25	35	130	65	60
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	90	40	50	75	40	35
Southern and East African origins	1,865	920	945	10,500	5,420	5,080
Afrikaner	25	10	20	65	40	30
Amhara	10	10	0	140	100	45
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	10	10	0	150	90	65
Burundian	10	0	0	235	110	125
Djiboutian	0	0	0	45	30	15
Eritrean	160	85	75	2,300	1,240	1,055
Ethiopian	280	120	155	2,900	1,505	1,395
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	160	85	75	335	165	170
Malagasy	20	0	15	25	15	10
Mauritian	0	0	0	245	125	115
Oromo	25	15	15	325	185	140
Rwandan	105	55	50	300	145	155
Seychellois	0	0	0	45	20	30
Somali	180	75	100	1,740	900	845
South African	520	255	265	730	310	420
Tanzanian	60	45	20	90	55	30
Tigrian	15	0	10	320	200	120
Ugandan	60	25	40	255	125	130
Zambian	80	35	50	200	95	110
Zimbabwean	100	55	45	310	150	160
Zulu	0	0	0	30	15	10
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	170	100	75	440	230	210
Other African origins	12,620	5,990	6,635	6,670	3,350	3,325
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	2,255	1,060	1,195	825	405	415
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	10,460	4,965	5,495	5,925	2,965	2,965
Asian origins	42,500	21,445	21,050	178,655	88,885	89,765
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	17,205	8,915	8,295	11,850	6,130	5,715
Afghan	230	80	150	1,010	485	530
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	1,600	835	770	1,755	975	785
Armenian	265	160	110	495	250	250
Assyrian	10	10	0	40	30	10
Azerbaijani	20	20	0	55	35	20
Georgian	20	15	10	110	60	45
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	1,405	785	620	1,885	1,015	870
Iraqi	595	270	325	925	480	450
Israeli	245	120	120	775	410	360
Jordanian	260	150	115	235	100	135
Kazakh	45	30	20	335	185	145
Kurd	230	120	115	305	145	160
Kuwaiti	245	115	130	40	20	25
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	45	30	20
Lebanese	7,445	3,815	3,630	1,375	700	675
Palestinian	990	535	455	620	340	275
Pashtun	30	15	10	65	25	40
Saudi Arabian	725	470	255	170	95	70
Syrian	2,190	1,090	1,100	1,115	535	580
Tajik	20	10	10	55	20	40
Tatar	40	15	25	310	155	155
Turk	690	320	370	655	315	340
Turkmen	10	10	10	10	0	0
Uighur	10	10	0	10	10	0
Uzbek	90	60	30	70	45	20
Yemeni	205	105	95	100	45	55
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	780	410	370	305	145	155
South Asian origins	8,495	4,690	3,805	43,155	22,710	20,440
Bangladeshi	240	135	110	880	500	385
Bengali	65	40	20	200	115	85
Bhutanese	225	100	125	140	55	85
East Indian	6,255	3,460	2,795	34,470	18,110	16,355
Goan	10	10	0	50	30	30
Gujarati	10	0	0	220	120	100
Kashmiri	0	10	0	30	10	15
Nepali	430	220	210	500	250	250
Pakistani	665	405	260	3,370	1,795	1,575
Punjabi	230	110	115	3,830	1,995	1,840
Sinhalese	40	10	30	280	145	135
Sri Lankan	340	150	190	1,090	545	545
Tamil	60	30	35	245	145	105
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	470	290	175	725	415	305
East and Southeast Asian origins	16,715	7,850	8,870	124,100	60,175	63,925
Burmese	15	0	10	260	125	135
Cambodian (Khmer)	55	15	40	525	280	240
Chinese	9,695	4,720	4,980	30,150	14,980	15,170
Filipino	3,580	1,585	1,995	83,530	39,955	43,580
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	140	65	75	530	265	265
Japanese	905	385	515	2,675	1,305	1,365
Karen	0	0	0	455	195	255
Korean	1,590	700	895	4,545	2,300	2,240
Laotian	15	0	10	1,730	820	910
Malaysian	80	30	45	470	240	230
Mongolian	55	30	30	150	60	90
Singaporean	10	10	0	20	10	10
Taiwanese	240	100	140	150	90	60
Thai	245	85	155	750	335	420
Tibetan	10	0	10	15	10	10
Vietnamese	760	355	410	5,850	2,915	2,935
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	75	45	25	145	70	80
Other Asian origins	410	190	215	575	320	260
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	410	190	215	575	320	260
Oceania origins	895	450	445	1,525	740	785
Australian	490	255	235	910	415	495
New Zealander	290	155	130	315	170	140
Pacific Islands origins	125	55	70	345	180	165
Fijian	15	10	10	80	45	30
Hawaiian	25	10	15	60	30	30
Maori	40	20	25	55	30	25
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	20	15	10	95	45	45
Samoan	10	0	10	25	0	15
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	30	0	20	65	30	35
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	401,990	...	...	489,050	...	...
Owner	276,095	...	...	336,170	...	...
Renter	123,595	...	...	140,260	...	...
Band housing	2,300	...	...	12,620	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	401,990	...	...	489,050	...	...
Condominium	13,370	...	...	33,325	...	...
Not condominium	388,625	...	...	455,725	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	401,990	...	...	489,050	...	...
No bedrooms	1,140	...	...	3,745	...	...
1 bedroom	45,675	...	...	63,040	...	...
2 bedrooms	105,410	...	...	121,520	...	...
3 bedrooms	158,975	...	...	175,500	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	90,785	...	...	125,240	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	401,990	...	...	489,050	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	87,755	...	...	132,410	...	...
5 rooms	64,655	...	...	82,935	...	...
6 rooms	66,855	...	...	78,750	...	...
7 rooms	57,085	...	...	64,560	...	...
8 or more rooms	125,635	...	...	130,400	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	401,990	...	...	489,050	...	...
One person or fewer per room	399,855	...	...	473,625	...	...
More than 1 person per room	2,130	...	...	15,420	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	401,990	...	...	489,050	...	...
Suitable	390,445	...	...	456,365	...	...
Not suitable	11,540	...	...	32,680	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	401,990	...	...	489,050	...	...
1960 or before	112,530	...	...	142,200	...	...
1961 to 1980	113,715	...	...	158,180	...	...
1981 to 1990	59,105	...	...	65,190	...	...
1991 to 2000	49,825	...	...	42,740	...	...
2001 to 2005	23,045	...	...	20,815	...	...
2006 to 2010	23,925	...	...	27,880	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	19,840	...	...	32,035	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	401,990	...	...	489,050	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	366,615	...	...	444,995	...	...
Major repairs needed	35,375	...	...	44,055	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	401,990	...	...	489,050	...	...
1 household maintainer	241,800	...	...	290,830	...	...
2 household maintainers	152,970	...	...	187,775	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	7,220	...	...	10,445	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	401,990	...	...	489,050	...	...
15 to 24 years	14,575	...	...	17,240	...	...
25 to 34 years	49,695	...	...	74,950	...	...
35 to 44 years	59,550	...	...	84,800	...	...
45 to 54 years	77,555	...	...	95,135	...	...
55 to 64 years	85,360	...	...	96,255	...	...
65 to 74 years	66,865	...	...	67,475	...	...
75 to 84 years	35,980	...	...	37,760	...	...
85 years and over	12,405	...	...	15,440	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	395,860	...	...	461,870	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	310,540	...	...	373,860	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	85,315	...	...	88,010	...	...
30% to less than 100%	74,290	...	...	76,075	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	273,525	...	...	324,120	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	55.2	...	...	60.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	12.0	...	...	11.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	819	...	...	973	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	987	...	...	1,085	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	199,886	...	...	275,473	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	230,441	...	...	297,444	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	123,060	...	...	138,905	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	12.3	...	...	19.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	42.8	...	...	36.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	849	...	...	868	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	909	...	...	891	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	774,745	372,455	402,295	1,001,305	491,580	509,725
No certificate, diploma or degree	153,705	79,885	73,825	220,390	116,570	103,820
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	195,900	95,205	100,695	296,355	147,040	149,320
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	425,140	197,365	227,775	484,555	227,975	256,585
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	76,810	54,075	22,735	77,000	54,090	22,910
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	42,625	25,015	17,610	37,490	21,985	15,500
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	34,185	29,060	5,125	39,515	32,110	7,410
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	168,805	67,030	101,775	177,620	72,785	104,840
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	18,380	6,975	11,405	28,940	12,075	16,860
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	161,150	69,290	91,855	200,990	89,020	111,970
Bachelor's degree	108,385	45,185	63,205	143,780	61,350	82,430
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	9,495	4,020	5,475	16,040	6,675	9,365
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	4,700	2,595	2,110	6,105	3,515	2,595
Master's degree	32,645	13,840	18,805	29,305	13,830	15,470
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	5,925	3,655	2,270	5,765	3,645	2,115
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	494,505	237,795	256,710	654,670	323,300	331,370
No certificate, diploma or degree	60,280	34,820	25,460	94,310	54,700	39,610
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	116,280	57,600	58,675	182,335	93,000	89,330
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	317,950	145,375	172,570	378,030	175,595	202,435
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	52,370	37,255	15,115	53,800	38,185	15,620
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	29,105	17,300	11,810	25,955	15,460	10,490
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	23,265	19,955	3,310	27,850	22,725	5,125
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	128,010	51,890	76,120	137,930	57,445	80,485
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	11,595	4,325	7,275	21,215	8,995	12,220
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	125,970	51,905	74,065	165,085	70,970	94,115
Bachelor's degree	85,240	34,830	50,410	119,150	50,120	69,035
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	6,895	2,610	4,285	12,185	4,840	7,350
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	3,775	1,850	1,925	5,075	2,705	2,370
Master's degree	26,025	10,380	15,640	24,410	10,815	13,595
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	4,045	2,240	1,805	4,270	2,495	1,770
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	774,750	372,455	402,295	1,001,305	491,585	509,725
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	349,605	175,090	174,520	516,750	263,605	253,140
Education	31,395	8,460	22,930	44,855	11,705	33,145
13. Education	31,390	8,465	22,930	44,855	11,710	33,145
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	10,700	5,095	5,605	13,170	6,230	6,940
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	2,070	1,565	505	2,415	1,860	550
50. Visual and performing arts	8,635	3,530	5,100	10,755	4,365	6,390
Humanities	18,830	7,520	11,310	23,030	9,915	13,110
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	1,175	355	820	1,775	400	1,380
23. English language and literature/letters	5,110	1,530	3,580	3,905	1,110	2,795
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	4,545	1,540	3,000	7,065	2,820	4,240
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	65	25	35	60	25	30
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,240	675	565	1,590	940	650
39. Theology and religious vocations	2,200	1,340	860	4,510	2,590	1,925
54. History	3,615	1,865	1,755	3,410	1,855	1,555
55. French language and literature/letters	880	190	695	705	175	530
Social and behavioural sciences and law	40,155	11,980	28,175	46,555	15,805	30,750
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	635	145	490	880	220	660
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	3,285	1,260	2,025	3,115	1,225	1,890
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	9,115	750	8,365	10,760	795	9,965
22. Legal professions and studies	6,110	1,920	4,185	7,130	2,365	4,760
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	610	135	475	955	305	650
42. Psychology	8,170	2,060	6,110	8,155	2,385	5,770
45. Social sciences	12,240	5,710	6,520	15,565	8,510	7,055
Business, management and public administration	93,075	27,030	66,045	95,115	34,865	60,255
30.16 Accounting and computer science	205	55	150	320	105	210
44. Public administration and social service professions	6,285	1,345	4,940	7,670	1,875	5,790
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	86,590	25,630	60,960	87,125	32,875	54,250
Physical and life sciences and technologies	15,340	7,650	7,685	16,120	8,165	7,950
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	6,910	2,990	3,925	6,625	2,990	3,640
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	3,340	1,455	1,880	4,325	2,285	2,040
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	165	35	120	470	70	395
40. Physical sciences	4,260	3,005	1,255	3,685	2,585	1,095
41. Science technologies/technicians	665	165	500	1,020	240	780
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	15,745	9,355	6,390	18,425	11,380	7,050
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	12,750	8,055	4,695	15,225	10,050	5,175
25. Library science	1,210	175	1,040	1,140	175	965
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,590	995	600	1,945	1,080	865
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	200	135	65	120	75	40
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	92,920	87,340	5,580	96,625	89,275	7,350
04. Architecture and related services	1,370	860	510	2,420	1,380	1,040
14. Engineering	11,925	10,290	1,640	16,205	13,530	2,675
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	17,805	16,110	1,695	17,815	15,975	1,845
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	10	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	24,800	24,235	570	22,160	21,705	450
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	25,465	24,680	780	27,485	26,650	830
48. Precision production	11,545	11,165	380	10,530	10,030	505
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	7,630	4,615	3,015	14,540	10,260	4,275
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	4,215	2,160	2,055	11,380	8,280	3,100
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,410	2,450	960	3,160	1,980	1,180
Health and related fields	66,770	10,595	56,175	87,795	16,505	71,290
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	3,560	1,730	1,825	4,105	1,945	2,155
51. Health professions and related programs	61,755	7,955	53,800	81,865	13,450	68,415
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,460	910	550	1,825	1,110	715
Personal, protective and transportation services	32,535	17,700	14,830	28,275	13,845	14,435
12. Personal and culinary services	17,625	4,455	13,170	16,750	4,095	12,655
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	250	240	10	90	85	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	905	850	50	240	230	10
43. Security and protective services	4,540	3,535	1,005	5,005	3,680	1,330
49. Transportation and materials moving	9,220	8,625	600	6,185	5,750	435
Other	45	10	40	60	30	35
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	50	10	40	60	25	35
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	494,505	237,795	256,710	654,670	323,300	331,375
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	176,560	92,420	84,135	276,645	147,710	128,935
Education	20,590	4,940	15,650	31,645	7,860	23,785
13. Education	20,585	4,940	15,650	31,650	7,865	23,785
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	8,145	3,855	4,285	10,350	4,875	5,475
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,515	1,140	375	1,815	1,335	480
50. Visual and performing arts	6,630	2,715	3,915	8,540	3,545	4,990
Humanities	13,745	5,275	8,465	17,250	7,370	9,880
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	895	280	615	1,485	330	1,155
23. English language and literature/letters	3,800	1,095	2,705	2,930	810	2,120
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	3,425	1,125	2,305	5,420	2,245	3,180
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	60	25	35	55	30	30
38. Philosophy and religious studies	910	490	420	1,230	715	515
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,330	795	535	3,255	1,835	1,420
54. History	2,710	1,340	1,370	2,365	1,275	1,090
55. French language and literature/letters	620	130	490	505	135	370
Social and behavioural sciences and law	32,650	9,150	23,500	38,120	12,380	25,740
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	520	110	410	740	185	555
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,750	1,030	1,720	2,575	965	1,610
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	7,395	580	6,810	8,805	605	8,195
22. Legal professions and studies	5,225	1,380	3,845	6,085	1,795	4,285
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	460	100	355	815	265	550
42. Psychology	6,545	1,580	4,970	6,370	1,720	4,645
45. Social sciences	9,755	4,360	5,390	12,730	6,835	5,895
Business, management and public administration	69,255	20,285	48,970	76,370	27,865	48,495
30.16 Accounting and computer science	175	40	135	270	95	175
44. Public administration and social service professions	5,140	1,025	4,120	6,145	1,335	4,810
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	63,935	19,220	44,715	69,950	26,440	43,510
Physical and life sciences and technologies	11,075	5,385	5,690	12,195	5,930	6,270
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	5,285	2,240	3,045	5,290	2,265	3,025
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	2,390	1,030	1,360	3,005	1,595	1,405
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	130	30	100	405	65	345
40. Physical sciences	2,910	2,005	905	2,805	1,855	950
41. Science technologies/technicians	365	85	275	690	150	545
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	13,625	8,240	5,385	15,955	9,965	5,985
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	11,505	7,330	4,170	13,600	9,015	4,585
25. Library science	815	115	700	790	135	650
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,130	660	470	1,465	760	700
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	175	125	50	100	60	45
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	67,930	63,180	4,750	73,680	67,440	6,240
04. Architecture and related services	1,020	585	430	2,025	1,160	865
14. Engineering	8,585	7,230	1,355	13,705	11,305	2,405
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	13,410	11,920	1,495	13,840	12,265	1,575
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	10	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	18,355	17,835	515	16,060	15,690	365
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	18,540	17,910	625	20,395	19,765	625
48. Precision production	8,020	7,700	325	7,655	7,250	405
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	5,995	3,475	2,520	11,450	7,800	3,645
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	3,270	1,570	1,695	8,760	6,170	2,590
03. Natural resources and conservation	2,725	1,905	825	2,695	1,635	1,060
Health and related fields	50,220	8,215	42,010	69,600	13,415	56,185
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	2,730	1,350	1,380	3,310	1,585	1,715
51. Health professions and related programs	46,385	6,215	40,165	64,870	11,020	53,850
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,110	650	460	1,430	810	620
Personal, protective and transportation services	24,685	13,375	11,310	21,365	10,660	10,705
12. Personal and culinary services	13,490	3,480	10,000	12,255	2,980	9,275
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	205	200	10	90	85	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	475	435	40	110	105	0
43. Security and protective services	3,465	2,655	815	4,025	2,945	1,080
49. Transportation and materials moving	7,045	6,595	450	4,885	4,545	340
Other	45	10	40	50	30	25
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	50	10	35	50	25	25
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	774,745	372,455	402,295	1,001,305	491,585	509,725
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	349,605	175,090	174,515	516,750	263,610	253,145
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	425,145	197,365	227,775	484,555	227,975	256,585
Location of study inside Canada	396,690	182,875	213,810	403,775	188,230	215,540
Same as province or territory of residence	315,140	141,965	173,175	352,390	162,050	190,340
Different than province or territory of residence	81,550	40,915	40,640	51,385	26,185	25,200
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	28,450	14,485	13,965	80,785	39,745	41,040
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	7,950	4,110	3,840	9,155	4,910	4,245
Philippines	1,530	540	995	26,450	11,595	14,860
India	1,755	935	825	10,365	5,300	5,070
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	5,530	3,225	2,305	4,180	2,350	1,825
China^{Census data footnote 162}	1,080	445	635	2,865	1,330	1,535
France	350	210	145	395	235	165
Other	10,255	5,030	5,225	27,375	14,030	13,345
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	494,510	237,800	256,710	654,670	323,300	331,375
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	176,560	92,420	84,140	276,640	147,705	128,935
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	317,950	145,380	172,575	378,035	175,595	202,440
Location of study inside Canada	297,430	135,465	161,965	309,655	142,710	166,950
Same as province or territory of residence	236,720	105,480	131,235	270,435	123,090	147,340
Different than province or territory of residence	60,710	29,980	30,730	39,225	19,615	19,610
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	20,525	9,915	10,605	68,375	32,885	35,485
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	4,905	2,370	2,540	6,215	3,005	3,210
Philippines	1,415	520	900	24,495	10,775	13,720
India	1,385	725	660	9,430	4,770	4,660
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	3,455	1,930	1,525	2,465	1,385	1,080
China^{Census data footnote 162}	810	335	475	2,630	1,210	1,420
France	245	140	100	340	195	145
Other	8,305	3,900	4,405	22,805	11,555	11,255
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	774,750	372,455	402,290	1,001,305	491,580	509,725
In the labour force	474,595	242,775	231,820	662,155	347,685	314,465
Employed	427,310	215,010	212,305	617,465	322,130	295,335
Unemployed	47,280	27,765	19,520	44,690	25,560	19,130
Not in the labour force	300,155	129,680	170,475	339,155	143,895	195,260
Participation rate	61.3	65.2	57.6	66.1	70.7	61.7
Employment rate	55.2	57.7	52.8	61.7	65.5	57.9
Unemployment rate	10.0	11.4	8.4	6.7	7.4	6.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	774,750	372,455	402,295	1,001,310	491,585	509,725
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	274,375	117,550	156,825	312,495	131,600	180,900
Worked	500,370	254,905	245,465	688,810	359,980	328,830
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	252,820	135,940	116,880	358,800	206,460	152,330
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	247,550	118,965	128,585	330,010	153,520	176,495
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.6	41.5	41.7	42.9	43.5	42.3
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	474,590	242,775	231,820	662,155	347,685	314,465
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	9,265	4,800	4,470	12,625	6,125	6,505
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	465,330	237,975	227,350	649,530	341,560	307,965
Employee	420,745	210,170	210,570	580,885	296,560	284,325
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	44,585	27,805	16,775	68,645	45,000	23,640
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	474,595	242,775	231,820	662,155	347,690	314,470
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	9,265	4,800	4,470	12,625	6,125	6,505
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	465,330	237,975	227,350	649,525	341,565	307,965
0 Management occupations	45,530	27,170	18,365	71,455	45,945	25,510
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	67,495	17,930	49,565	96,050	27,530	68,515
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	27,450	21,980	5,465	34,135	26,895	7,240
3 Health occupations	37,600	6,290	31,310	52,280	10,830	41,450
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	58,165	20,975	37,185	86,055	27,425	58,630
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	12,490	5,560	6,930	14,355	6,025	8,325
6 Sales and service occupations	113,135	45,385	67,750	144,490	62,735	81,760
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	67,625	64,200	3,430	102,660	97,500	5,160
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	18,380	15,730	2,650	18,400	14,490	3,910
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	17,460	12,755	4,705	29,650	22,180	7,475
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	474,595	242,775	231,820	662,155	347,685	314,465
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	9,265	4,795	4,465	12,625	6,120	6,500
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	465,330	237,975	227,350	649,525	341,560	307,965
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	17,775	14,165	3,610	28,680	20,765	7,920
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	4,025	3,630	390	5,460	4,830	635
22 Utilities	2,880	2,115	760	7,390	5,625	1,765
23 Construction	33,555	30,185	3,370	49,575	43,990	5,585
31-33 Manufacturing	32,375	23,565	8,810	54,645	40,800	13,845
41 Wholesale trade	13,345	9,650	3,690	21,890	16,040	5,850
44-45 Retail trade	59,570	26,295	33,280	69,700	33,960	35,740
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	19,660	14,980	4,680	35,490	28,350	7,145
51 Information and cultural industries	9,310	5,250	4,055	10,875	6,085	4,790
52 Finance and insurance	15,240	5,690	9,545	25,885	9,615	16,270
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	6,870	3,890	2,980	8,235	4,565	3,670
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	26,065	14,090	11,975	28,470	14,790	13,680
55 Management of companies and enterprises	625	255	365	635	250	380
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	22,240	12,950	9,295	22,285	13,105	9,170
61 Educational services	35,480	11,705	23,780	55,025	17,480	37,540
62 Health care and social assistance	64,390	10,435	53,955	93,960	18,345	75,615
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	9,385	4,555	4,835	12,980	6,620	6,360
72 Accommodation and food services	33,115	12,095	21,025	43,655	17,430	26,230
81 Other services (except public administration)	19,195	8,875	10,320	28,055	13,740	14,315
91 Public administration	40,225	23,590	16,635	46,645	25,180	21,465
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	427,310	215,010	212,300	617,465	322,125	295,335
Worked at home	28,075	13,780	14,300	42,530	23,485	19,050
Worked outside Canada	1,665	1,185	485	1,935	1,305	630
No fixed workplace address	51,545	38,965	12,575	68,420	52,715	15,710
Worked at usual place	346,020	161,075	184,945	504,580	244,620	259,960
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	346,020	161,075	184,945	504,580	244,620	259,960
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	251,000	116,125	134,875	384,465	181,650	202,820
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	57,510	23,850	33,655	50,350	23,760	26,580
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	32,230	17,425	14,805	66,495	37,055	29,435
Commute to a different province or territory	5,285	3,675	1,610	3,275	2,150	1,120
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	397,570	200,045	197,525	573,005	297,335	275,665
Car, truck, van - as a driver	310,240	159,660	150,580	431,755	237,860	193,895
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	29,150	12,090	17,055	40,595	14,520	26,070
Public transit	25,315	11,425	13,890	53,740	21,780	31,955
Walked	24,870	11,635	13,235	32,330	13,815	18,520
Bicycle	2,480	1,695	785	8,175	5,670	2,505
Other method	5,520	3,535	1,985	6,410	3,695	2,715
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	397,565	200,045	197,525	573,000	297,340	275,665
Less than 15 minutes	136,245	62,375	73,880	185,120	87,795	97,320
15 to 29 minutes	145,310	73,055	72,260	208,570	108,680	99,890
30 to 44 minutes	69,795	37,770	32,025	115,090	63,555	51,535
45 to 59 minutes	24,405	13,070	11,335	36,755	20,485	16,270
60 minutes and over	21,815	13,785	8,030	27,470	16,820	10,650
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	397,570	200,045	197,520	573,000	297,335	275,665
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	23,775	16,345	7,430	28,060	20,145	7,915
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	76,185	44,615	31,570	104,545	65,630	38,925
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	119,920	60,740	59,185	168,760	90,125	78,630
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	83,505	32,835	50,670	126,090	50,885	75,200
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	35,470	14,005	21,465	53,120	22,305	30,810
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	58,715	31,510	27,205	92,430	48,240	44,190
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	514,080	261,365	252,710	710,830	370,255	340,575
Single responses	510,800	259,940	250,860	702,445	366,000	336,445
Official languages	509,100	258,990	250,105	694,855	361,770	333,090
English	502,960	256,380	246,585	688,400	359,660	328,730
French	6,135	2,615	3,525	6,455	2,100	4,355
Non-official languages	1,705	950	755	7,590	4,235	3,360
Aboriginal languages	650	350	295	1,815	1,025	800
Algonquian languages	650	355	295	1,755	990	755
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	985	565	420
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	980	565	415
Eastern Algonquian languages	645	350	290	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	645	355	295	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	770	430	335
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	230	125	110
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	535	310	230
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	55	25	30
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	60	25	30
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	55	30	30
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	10
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	10	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,055	600	455	5,770	3,215	2,560
Afro-Asiatic languages	195	150	45	300	155	145
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	30	10	20
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	30	10	20
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	190	150	45	270	145	125
Amharic	10	0	10	15	0	10
Arabic	165	135	30	105	70	40
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	25	15	10	115	50	65
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	35	25	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	0	10	140	35	100
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	0	10	140	35	100
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	15	10	15	485	245	240
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	10	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	10	10	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	0	10	470	235	240
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	385	225	160	3,115	1,865	1,255
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	30	20	15	480	245	235
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	25	20	10	480	245	235
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	65	50	20
Russian	25	20	10	280	145	135
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	110	40	70
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	190	115	75	1,300	790	505
Afrikaans	0	0	0	10	10	0
Danish	10	10	10	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	40	10	30
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	155	85	65	950	585	370
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Swedish	0	0	0	0	10	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	10	0	10	10	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	0	290	185	105
Greek	0	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	50	30	20	755	505	260
Indo-Aryan languages	20	20	0	685	455	225
Bengali	0	0	0	20	0	15
Gujarati	0	0	0	10	10	10
Hindi	0	0	0	40	40	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	15	15	0	10	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	10	0	605	400	210
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	10	0	10
Iranian languages	30	10	15	75	45	30
Kurdish	0	0	0	10	10	10
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	30	10	20	65	45	20
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	105	50	60	580	330	245
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	10	10	0	20	10	10
Portuguese	30	15	15	330	215	115
Romanian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Spanish	75	30	40	220	100	125
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	35	10	25	10	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	50	20	25	305	150	150
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	15	15	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	10	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	45	20	25	210	80	135
American Sign Language	20	10	10	155	65	95
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	25	15	15	55	15	45
Sino-Tibetan languages	310	165	145	1,170	650	515
Chinese languages	305	165	145	1,160	650	515
Cantonese	80	45	35	690	380	315
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	210	105	110	440	255	185
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	15	0	25	10	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	10	10	10
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	15	0	10
Lao	0	0	0	10	0	10
Thai	0	0	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	10	0	10	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	3,270	1,420	1,850	8,390	4,255	4,125
English and French	2,295	950	1,345	2,655	1,150	1,505
English and non-official language	930	460	470	5,680	3,085	2,590
French and non-official language	0	0	10	10	0	0
English, French and non-official language	40	15	30	45	20	30
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	514,075	261,365	252,710	710,835	370,255	340,575
None	491,875	250,710	241,170	662,595	346,710	315,885
English	5,115	2,370	2,745	8,550	3,690	4,855
French	13,405	6,555	6,855	13,320	5,825	7,495
Non-official language	3,430	1,600	1,825	25,960	13,815	12,145
Aboriginal	855	365	490	6,500	3,245	3,255
Non-Aboriginal	2,570	1,240	1,330	19,460	10,575	8,890
English and French	10	0	10	10	0	10
English and non-official language	0	10	0	65	45	20
French and non-official language	230	130	105	335	160	175
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	10	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	900,450	436,790	463,660	1,225,480	606,585	618,895
Non-movers	792,100	384,560	407,535	1,064,380	527,020	537,360
Movers	108,350	52,230	56,120	161,100	79,570	81,535
Non-migrants	68,165	32,930	35,235	105,090	52,025	53,065
Migrants	40,185	19,300	20,885	56,010	27,545	28,465
Internal migrants	33,720	16,055	17,665	41,305	20,285	21,020
Intraprovincial migrants	18,480	8,390	10,090	30,395	14,720	15,675
Interprovincial migrants	15,240	7,665	7,570	10,915	5,565	5,345
External migrants	6,470	3,240	3,225	14,705	7,260	7,445
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	866,425	419,580	446,845	1,161,240	573,310	587,930
Non-movers	582,705	283,125	299,575	718,640	355,585	363,050
Movers	283,720	136,455	147,265	442,600	217,725	224,875
Non-migrants	169,570	81,405	88,165	261,015	128,560	132,455
Migrants	114,150	55,045	59,100	181,585	89,165	92,420
Internal migrants	94,885	45,015	49,860	117,135	56,880	60,260
Intraprovincial migrants	50,330	23,230	27,095	86,295	41,295	45,000
Interprovincial migrants	44,555	21,785	22,770	30,840	15,580	15,260
External migrants	19,270	10,035	9,240	64,445	32,285	32,165

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Nova Scotia [Province] and Manitoba [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 8, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Nova Scotia [Province] and Manitoba [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Nova Scotia [Province] and Manitoba [Province]