Census Profile, 2016 Census
New Brunswick [Province] and Nova Scotia [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	New Brunswick [Province]			Nova Scotia [Province]
	Data quality , New Brunswick [Province] Map : New Brunswick [Province] Change geography 1			Data quality : Nova Scotia [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	747,101	...	...	923,598	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	751,171	...	...	921,727	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	-0.5	...	...	0.2	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	359,721	...	...	458,568	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	319,773	...	...	401,990	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	10.5	...	...	17.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	71,388.81	...	...	52,942.27	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	747,105	365,355	381,745	923,600	446,885	476,715
0 to 14 years	110,495	56,320	54,180	133,825	68,370	65,455
0 to 4 years	34,365	17,505	16,860	42,005	21,365	20,640
5 to 9 years	38,250	19,515	18,735	45,980	23,650	22,330
10 to 14 years	37,880	19,295	18,585	45,845	23,350	22,490
15 to 64 years	487,820	240,535	247,285	605,950	295,100	310,845
15 to 19 years	40,605	20,905	19,705	51,255	26,240	25,015
20 to 24 years	41,445	21,280	20,165	56,160	28,150	28,010
25 to 29 years	39,245	19,745	19,505	53,725	26,790	26,940
30 to 34 years	41,510	20,140	21,365	51,730	25,130	26,600
35 to 39 years	44,435	21,585	22,850	52,010	24,560	27,450
40 to 44 years	48,430	23,520	24,910	57,050	27,245	29,805
45 to 49 years	51,300	25,195	26,105	61,890	29,720	32,170
50 to 54 years	61,055	29,795	31,265	75,675	36,615	39,065
55 to 59 years	61,740	30,210	31,530	76,505	36,925	39,580
60 to 64 years	58,060	28,170	29,895	69,960	33,735	36,225
65 years and over	148,785	68,500	80,280	183,820	83,415	100,405
65 to 69 years	52,160	25,595	26,570	63,710	30,810	32,905
70 to 74 years	36,050	17,695	18,360	45,005	21,520	23,485
75 to 79 years	25,300	11,835	13,465	31,545	14,520	17,030
80 to 84 years	17,650	7,515	10,135	21,915	9,425	12,495
85 years and over	17,620	5,860	11,765	21,645	7,140	14,505
85 to 89 years	10,670	3,910	6,760	13,205	4,845	8,360
90 to 94 years	5,305	1,595	3,715	6,320	1,830	4,485
95 to 99 years	1,435	330	1,110	1,855	415	1,430
100 years and over	205	30	185	270	45	225
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.8	15.4	14.2	14.5	15.3	13.7
15 to 64 years	65.3	65.8	64.8	65.6	66.0	65.2
65 years and over	19.9	18.7	21.0	19.9	18.7	21.1
85 years and over	2.4	1.6	3.1	2.3	1.6	3.0
Average age of the population	43.6	42.7	44.5	43.5	42.5	44.4
Median age of the population	45.7	44.8	46.6	45.5	44.5	46.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	319,770	...	...	401,990	...	...
Single-detached house	221,515	...	...	263,470	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	3,945	...	...	21,350	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	80,515	...	...	102,300	...	...
Semi-detached house	12,470	...	...	20,465	...	...
Row house	9,015	...	...	10,215	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	13,545	...	...	12,435	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	44,260	...	...	58,405	...	...
Other single-attached house	1,230	...	...	780	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	13,795	...	...	14,870	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	319,775	...	...	401,990	...	...
1 person	89,480	...	...	118,670	...	...
2 persons	126,820	...	...	156,825	...	...
3 persons	49,465	...	...	60,250	...	...
4 persons	37,625	...	...	44,970	...	...
5 or more persons	16,385	...	...	21,275	...	...
Number of persons in private households	730,705	...	...	908,340	...	...
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	636,605	309,040	327,570	789,770	378,515	411,255
Married or living common law	379,605	189,790	189,820	454,970	227,220	227,750
Married	302,020	151,100	150,925	369,695	184,705	184,990
Living common law	77,580	38,685	38,895	85,275	42,515	42,760
Not married and not living common law	257,000	119,250	137,745	334,800	151,295	183,505
Never married	158,070	85,640	72,430	209,455	110,175	99,280
Separated	21,290	9,530	11,760	24,105	10,450	13,655
Divorced	35,680	15,275	20,405	48,835	19,715	29,115
Widowed	41,965	8,805	33,160	52,405	10,955	41,455
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	222,865	...	...	270,965	...	...
2 persons	129,065	...	...	157,600	...	...
3 persons	47,015	...	...	56,625	...	...
4 persons	34,860	...	...	41,095	...	...
5 or more persons	11,920	...	...	15,645	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	222,865	...	...	270,965	...	...
Total couple families	186,680	...	...	224,065	...	...
Married couples	147,900	...	...	181,435	...	...
Common-law couples	38,780	...	...	42,630	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	36,185	...	...	46,900	...	...
Female parent	28,650	...	...	37,595	...	...
Male parent	7,530	...	...	9,305	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	186,675	...	...	224,065	...	...
Couples without children	105,625	...	...	128,125	...	...
Couples with children	81,060	...	...	95,940	...	...
1 child	37,440	...	...	43,810	...	...
2 children	32,380	...	...	37,595	...	...
3 or more children	11,235	...	...	14,535	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	36,185	...	...	46,900	...	...
1 child	23,440	...	...	29,480	...	...
2 children	9,570	...	...	12,810	...	...
3 or more children	3,170	...	...	4,610	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	128,775	61,010	67,770	175,575	81,140	94,435
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	319,770	...	...	401,990	...	...
One-census-family households	214,235	...	...	260,280	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	102,170	...	...	124,000	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	112,070	...	...	136,280	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	4,280	...	...	5,285	...	...
Non-census-family households	101,255	...	...	136,425	...	...
One-person households	89,480	...	...	118,675	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	11,775	...	...	17,750	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	736,280	360,440	375,840	912,300	442,470	469,830
English only	420,820	210,555	210,260	813,480	398,950	414,530
French only	63,140	29,955	33,190	705	305	400
English and French	249,950	118,705	131,245	95,380	41,925	53,460
Neither English nor French	2,370	1,220	1,150	2,735	1,295	1,440
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	736,280	360,440	375,845	912,295	442,470	469,830
English	498,365	244,230	254,135	879,465	426,535	452,930
French	232,450	113,500	118,945	28,490	13,890	14,600
English and French	3,210	1,550	1,655	1,760	825	930
Neither English nor French	2,255	1,150	1,100	2,585	1,215	1,365
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	234,055	114,280	119,775	29,370	14,300	15,070
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	31.8	31.7	31.9	3.2	3.2	3.2
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	736,280	360,440	375,845	912,295	442,470	469,830
Single responses	726,990	356,005	370,990	904,240	438,550	465,690
Official languages	703,840	344,285	359,555	859,690	416,245	443,445
English	472,725	231,595	241,135	830,220	401,980	428,240
French	231,110	112,690	118,415	29,465	14,265	15,205
Non-official languages	23,150	11,715	11,435	44,550	22,305	22,245
Aboriginal languages	2,165	1,035	1,135	4,290	2,020	2,270
Algonquian languages	2,130	1,020	1,110	4,210	1,985	2,225
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	5	5	15	10	5
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	5	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	5	5	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	5	0	5	5	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	2,115	1,010	1,105	4,190	1,975	2,215
Malecite	280	125	155	10	5	5
Mi'kmaq	1,835	885	950	4,185	1,970	2,215
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	5	5	10	5	5
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	5	5	0	10	0	10
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	5	0	5	5	5	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	5	5	5
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	5	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	20	5	15	60	30	35
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Inuktitut	15	5	10	55	30	30
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	10	0	5
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	5	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	10	0	5	5	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	20,990	10,685	10,300	40,260	20,285	19,975
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,190	1,805	1,385	7,760	4,275	3,480
Berber languages	40	25	15	10	10	0
Kabyle	20	10	5	5	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	5	5	0
Cushitic languages	30	15	20	130	65	65
Bilen	0	0	0	5	0	0
Oromo	5	5	5	60	30	25
Somali	25	10	15	50	20	30
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5
Semitic languages	3,110	1,760	1,355	7,615	4,205	3,415
Amharic	65	35	25	115	50	65
Arabic	2,855	1,615	1,235	7,110	3,950	3,165
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	0	5	5	5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	5
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	170	90	80	210	115	95
Maltese	0	0	5	15	10	5
Tigrigna	20	15	10	140	65	80
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	10
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	5	0	5
Austro-Asiatic languages	635	305	330	505	245	260
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	10	5	5	5
Vietnamese	620	305	320	490	240	250
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	1,375	510	865	2,235	940	1,300
Bikol	5	0	5	5	5	5
Cebuano	105	35	65	150	60	90
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	15	5	10	25	10	15
Ilocano	50	15	35	55	15	40
Malagasy	15	5	10	0	5	0
Malay	45	20	30	55	25	35
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0	5	15	5	5
Pangasinan	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,120	420	700	1,905	810	1,090
Waray-Waray	5	0	5	5	0	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	20	10	15
Creole languages	135	70	65	95	60	35
Haitian Creole	15	10	5	5	5	0
Creole, n.o.s.	80	30	50	35	20	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	40	30	10	55	35	20
Dravidian languages	285	155	130	1,010	595	420
Kannada	20	15	10	40	20	15
Malayalam	40	15	20	365	205	165
Tamil	105	60	50	315	185	130
Telugu	110	60	45	285	180	110
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	10	5	5
Hmong-Mien languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	9,325	4,790	4,530	18,590	9,320	9,270
Albanian	50	25	25	275	130	140
Armenian	30	15	10	35	30	10
Balto-Slavic languages	1,740	865	875	3,470	1,645	1,830
Baltic languages	55	30	30	100	35	60
Latvian	25	10	10	50	20	30
Lithuanian	35	15	15	45	15	30
Slavic languages	1,685	835	850	3,375	1,610	1,765
Belarusan	5	5	0	5	5	5
Bosnian	50	25	25	120	60	65
Bulgarian	20	10	10	55	25	30
Croatian	75	35	40	225	105	115
Czech	55	25	25	205	105	100
Macedonian	15	10	5	20	10	15
Polish	230	105	125	795	365	435
Russian	880	440	435	1,285	615	670
Serbian	105	55	45	115	60	65
Serbo-Croatian	35	15	20	80	40	40
Slovak	25	15	15	100	45	55
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	10	10	35	15	15
Ukrainian	170	85	90	320	155	170
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Celtic languages	30	5	20	185	80	100
Scottish Gaelic	15	5	10	145	65	85
Welsh	10	0	10	30	10	15
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	10	5	5
Germanic languages	2,875	1,415	1,465	5,700	2,800	2,900
Afrikaans	50	30	25	120	55	60
Danish	125	55	75	160	105	60
Dutch	885	470	410	1,620	815	805
Frisian	35	25	10	35	20	15
German	1,650	780	865	3,435	1,645	1,790
Icelandic	5	0	0	45	20	20
Norwegian	40	25	20	110	60	50
Swedish	50	15	35	110	45	65
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	10	10	25	10	10
Yiddish	10	5	5	20	10	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	20	5	15
Greek	145	100	50	760	390	365
Indo-Iranian languages	1,850	1,020	835	4,835	2,650	2,190
Indo-Aryan languages	1,175	655	525	3,385	1,895	1,490
Bengali	205	120	85	475	290	185
Gujarati	75	40	30	195	125	70
Hindi	225	135	95	745	445	300
Kashmiri	0	0	0	10	5	5
Konkani	10	5	5	5	5	5
Marathi	50	20	25	70	35	35
Nepali	180	90	90	530	255	275
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	5	10	5	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	125	75	50	585	310	270
Sindhi	25	10	10	20	10	5
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	30	15	15	165	85	85
Urdu	240	140	100	575	330	245
Iranian languages	655	355	305	1,425	740	690
Kurdish	55	30	25	115	65	50
Pashto	25	15	10	80	45	35
Persian (Farsi)	580	310	270	1,230	630	605
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	25	10	15
Italic (Romance) languages	2,605	1,355	1,250	3,335	1,605	1,730
Catalan	5	5	0	10	5	5
Italian	400	225	175	745	400	340
Portuguese	260	130	130	520	245	270
Romanian	485	250	240	225	110	120
Spanish	1,460	755	705	1,830	840	985
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	5	0
Japanese	110	25	85	360	100	260
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	5	0	0
Korean	1,550	800	750	1,095	475	620
Mongolic languages	5	5	0	5	5	5
Mongolian	5	5	5	0	5	0
Niger-Congo languages	700	385	315	630	325	305
Akan (Twi)	25	10	10	40	25	25
Bamanankan	60	35	25	15	5	5
Edo	0	0	0	5	0	5
Ewe	5	5	0	40	25	10
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	40	30	15	5	5	0
Ga	5	5	5	10	5	5
Ganda	10	0	0	20	5	15
Igbo	30	20	10	45	20	20
Lingala	25	15	15	5	0	5
Rundi (Kirundi)	45	25	20	20	10	5
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	40	20	20	50	15	30
Shona	20	10	10	30	15	15
Swahili	135	65	70	135	65	70
Wolof	25	20	10	10	10	0
Yoruba	30	15	20	65	35	30
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	195	105	85	140	75	70
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	0	75	40	40
Dinka	5	0	0	20	10	10
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	55	25	25
Sign languages	145	75	70	190	90	100
American Sign Language	40	20	30	85	40	50
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	95	55	45	105	50	55
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,115	1,570	1,545	6,665	3,335	3,330
Chinese languages	3,085	1,555	1,530	6,635	3,320	3,315
Cantonese	440	225	210	1,145	535	610
Hakka	20	10	10	20	5	15
Mandarin	2,250	1,105	1,150	4,640	2,325	2,315
Min Dong	0	5	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	35	15	15	120	50	70
Wu (Shanghainese)	100	45	55	50	30	20
Chinese, n.o.s.	240	150	85	645	365	280
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	15	5	10
Tibeto-Burman languages	30	15	15	30	15	20
Burmese	0	0	5	15	5	10
Karenic languages	25	15	10	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	5	0	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Tai-Kadai languages	60	15	50	155	55	100
Lao	5	0	0	10	0	5
Thai	55	10	45	150	50	100
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	105	60	45	445	240	205
Azerbaijani	5	5	5	10	10	5
Turkish	75	50	30	305	165	140
Uyghur	0	0	0	5	5	5
Uzbek	10	5	5	110	60	50
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	10	10	0
Uralic languages	250	115	135	415	180	235
Estonian	20	5	10	40	20	25
Finnish	45	15	30	95	30	60
Hungarian	185	90	95	275	130	150
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	25	10	15
Multiple responses	9,290	4,440	4,855	8,060	3,920	4,140
English and French	7,285	3,470	3,815	3,445	1,600	1,850
English and non-official language	1,535	725	810	4,180	2,110	2,070
French and non-official language	330	175	155	225	115	105
English, French and non-official language	145	65	75	210	90	120
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	736,280	360,435	375,845	912,300	442,470	469,830
Single responses	724,940	355,025	369,910	900,755	436,755	464,000
Official languages	712,250	348,510	363,740	878,015	425,220	452,795
English	505,935	247,610	258,325	863,550	418,315	445,240
French	206,315	100,900	105,415	14,460	6,910	7,560
Non-official languages	12,690	6,515	6,175	22,740	11,540	11,205
Aboriginal languages	820	400	420	2,570	1,285	1,295
Algonquian languages	820	395	420	2,565	1,280	1,285
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	5	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	815	395	420	2,560	1,280	1,280
Malecite	50	25	25	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	765	370	395	2,560	1,275	1,280
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	5	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	5	5	0	5	0	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	5	0	0	5	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	5	0	0	5	0	5
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	11,870	6,115	5,750	20,170	10,255	9,915
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,285	1,210	1,075	4,630	2,450	2,180
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	20	10	10	85	40	45
Bilen	0	0	0	5	0	5
Oromo	0	0	0	45	20	25
Somali	20	5	10	25	10	15
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	5
Semitic languages	2,265	1,200	1,065	4,540	2,405	2,130
Amharic	20	10	10	55	25	30
Arabic	2,110	1,125	990	4,260	2,270	1,990
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	5	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	5	0	0
Hebrew	130	60	70	125	70	55
Maltese	0	0	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	5	0	5	95	40	55
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	525	255	270	330	160	165
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	520	250	270	330	165	170
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	510	235	270	1,140	550	585
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	40	15	25	55	20	35
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	5	5	5
Ilocano	0	0	0	15	5	5
Malagasy	5	0	5	0	0	0
Malay	15	0	5	0	0	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	450	215	235	1,065	520	545
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Creole languages	65	25	35	35	20	20
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	0	15	15	5	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	45	20	20	25	10	15
Dravidian languages	110	60	45	425	240	185
Kannada	5	0	0	15	5	10
Malayalam	20	5	10	140	75	60
Tamil	35	20	20	140	80	60
Telugu	45	30	15	125	80	50
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	5	5	5
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	4,160	2,175	1,990	7,410	3,715	3,690
Albanian	30	15	10	110	60	55
Armenian	20	5	10	15	10	10
Balto-Slavic languages	975	505	470	1,405	680	720
Baltic languages	35	20	15	30	10	15
Latvian	10	5	5	10	5	10
Lithuanian	25	15	10	15	5	10
Slavic languages	935	480	455	1,375	675	700
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	25	15	10	65	30	30
Bulgarian	5	5	0	25	15	10
Croatian	25	10	15	65	25	40
Czech	5	0	5	45	25	20
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	55	25	30	235	105	125
Russian	620	320	305	785	385	390
Serbian	80	45	35	60	25	35
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	5	30	15	10
Slovak	5	5	5	20	10	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	90	50	40	55	30	20
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Celtic languages	10	0	5	60	35	30
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	5	60	35	30
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Germanic languages	640	320	320	1,490	725	760
Afrikaans	35	15	20	30	15	15
Danish	5	5	5	15	0	15
Dutch	150	80	75	135	70	70
Frisian	5	0	5	5	0	0
German	425	215	210	1,225	600	625
Icelandic	0	0	0	30	10	15
Norwegian	5	0	5	20	5	10
Swedish	5	0	5	15	5	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	5	5	5	5
Yiddish	0	0	0	5	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	10
Greek	45	25	25	270	135	130
Indo-Iranian languages	1,140	595	545	2,815	1,475	1,335
Indo-Aryan languages	655	335	325	1,850	995	860
Bengali	130	70	60	250	135	115
Gujarati	40	15	20	100	60	35
Hindi	115	60	50	310	190	120
Kashmiri	0	0	0	5	5	0
Konkani	5	5	0	0	0	0
Marathi	20	10	10	30	15	15
Nepali	135	60	75	475	235	240
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	50	25	25	250	125	125
Sindhi	10	5	0	5	5	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	5	95	45	50
Urdu	140	75	70	340	175	165
Iranian languages	470	255	220	960	475	480
Kurdish	35	25	10	85	50	40
Pashto	15	5	5	45	20	20
Persian (Farsi)	425	225	195	825	405	420
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0	5	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,305	705	600	1,240	595	645
Catalan	5	5	0	5	0	0
Italian	85	40	45	165	70	85
Portuguese	110	50	60	195	90	105
Romanian	290	145	140	70	35	35
Spanish	820	470	350	810	390	420
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Japanese	20	10	15	110	35	70
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	1,245	645	605	710	330	385
Mongolic languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	240	125	120	165	80	85
Akan (Twi)	10	5	10	10	0	10
Bamanankan	20	15	5	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	15	5	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	10	5	0	0	0
Ga	5	0	0	5	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	5	0	5
Igbo	5	5	0	15	5	5
Lingala	10	5	5	0	5	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	20	15	10	10	5	5
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	5	15	10	10
Shona	5	0	5	0	0	0
Swahili	80	35	45	60	30	35
Wolof	5	5	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	5	5	5	20	10	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	50	25	25	10	5	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	35	20	20
Dinka	0	0	0	10	5	10
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15
Sign languages	200	115	85	285	145	140
American Sign Language	55	30	25	110	55	60
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	150	90	60	175	90	80
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,390	1,210	1,175	4,550	2,345	2,200
Chinese languages	2,365	1,195	1,170	4,545	2,345	2,200
Cantonese	260	130	130	640	335	310
Hakka	5	0	0	5	0	0
Mandarin	1,855	930	920	3,410	1,740	1,675
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	10	5	45	25	25
Wu (Shanghainese)	85	40	45	25	10	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	140	80	55	415	235	180
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	5	5	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	15	10	5	0	5
Burmese	5	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	5	55	20	35
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	10	5	5	55	15	35
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	30	15	10	215	110	105
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	5	5	0
Turkish	25	15	5	140	70	75
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	70	40	30
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Uralic languages	70	35	40	75	35	40
Estonian	5	0	0	5	5	5
Finnish	5	5	5	15	10	5
Hungarian	55	30	30	55	25	30
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Multiple responses	11,345	5,415	5,925	11,540	5,715	5,825
English and French	7,275	3,370	3,905	2,180	995	1,185
English and non-official language	3,435	1,715	1,720	8,970	4,515	4,450
French and non-official language	340	185	160	75	40	30
English, French and non-official language	290	140	145	315	155	160
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	736,280	360,435	375,845	912,295	442,470	469,825
None	647,960	318,560	329,400	861,780	418,525	443,260
English	49,925	24,065	25,855	17,005	8,480	8,525
French	30,030	13,760	16,275	16,390	7,210	9,175
Non-official language	7,545	3,650	3,895	16,275	7,850	8,420
Aboriginal	1,300	625	685	2,135	930	1,205
Non-Aboriginal	6,240	3,030	3,210	14,135	6,920	7,220
English and French	180	90	90	150	70	80
English and non-official language	300	160	145	220	105	115
French and non-official language	335	155	185	470	230	245
English, French and non-official language	10	5	5	5	5	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	620,390	301,645	318,745	774,750	372,455	402,290
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	594,705	289,220	305,485	744,260	358,055	386,205
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,961	37,516	25,796	31,813	38,379	26,750
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	594,920	289,245	305,680	744,545	358,085	386,455
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,107	33,169	23,945	28,627	33,642	24,590
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	516,780	259,945	256,835	648,960	320,380	328,580
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,444	34,830	23,278	29,938	36,363	24,497
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	439,645	193,975	245,675	554,985	243,860	311,130
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,164	9,210	7,321	7,438	8,175	6,961
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	423,915	219,135	204,780	523,020	264,375	258,645
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,124	34,784	24,769	29,979	35,676	25,405
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	620,395	301,650	318,745	774,750	372,455	402,295
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	594,650	289,140	305,510	744,275	357,820	386,455
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,141	46,154	32,504	41,479	49,413	34,132
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	594,870	289,165	305,700	744,560	357,855	386,710
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,022	38,151	28,171	34,175	39,776	28,993
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	516,685	259,855	256,830	648,910	320,370	328,540
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,432	44,240	30,543	40,299	48,457	32,345
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	440,195	194,240	245,955	555,740	243,445	312,295
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,938	9,519	8,480	8,495	8,859	8,211
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	423,915	218,800	205,110	523,020	264,475	258,545
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,611	43,456	31,376	39,522	46,606	32,275
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	620,390	301,645	318,745	774,750	372,455	402,295
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	197,290	104,215	93,075	245,425	131,095	114,325
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	46,349	52,010	41,058	47,665	53,785	42,236
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	54,011	60,796	46,415	56,820	63,886	48,717
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	83.2	86.2	79.0	84.6	87.7	80.7
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	68.5	71.3	64.7	66.9	69.7	63.3
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	16.8	13.8	21.0	15.4	12.3	19.3
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	620,390	301,650	318,745	774,750	372,455	402,295
Without total income	25,680	12,430	13,260	30,485	14,395	16,090
With total income	594,710	289,220	305,490	744,265	358,060	386,205
Percentage with total income	95.9	95.9	95.8	96.1	96.1	96.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	80,700	32,655	48,050	104,125	43,575	60,545
$10,000 to $19,999	109,015	40,415	68,600	134,355	50,310	84,050
$20,000 to $29,999	99,025	40,480	58,540	114,855	47,195	67,660
$30,000 to $39,999	83,770	41,360	42,405	98,325	45,040	53,280
$40,000 to $49,999	65,795	35,080	30,715	79,435	39,605	39,830
$50,000 to $59,999	44,810	26,560	18,250	57,255	32,255	25,000
$60,000 to $69,999	32,185	20,270	11,920	41,715	25,830	15,885
$70,000 to $79,999	24,565	14,130	10,430	33,195	19,945	13,250
$80,000 to $89,999	17,095	9,915	7,180	25,500	14,900	10,605
$90,000 to $99,999	10,240	6,980	3,260	15,530	10,095	5,435
$100,000 and over	27,515	21,380	6,135	39,965	29,300	10,665
$100,000 to $149,999	19,765	15,195	4,570	28,130	20,205	7,925
$150,000 and over	7,750	6,185	1,565	11,835	9,095	2,745
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	620,390	301,645	318,750	774,750	372,455	402,295
Without after-tax income	25,470	12,405	13,070	30,205	14,370	15,840
With after-tax income	594,920	289,240	305,680	744,540	358,085	386,455
Percentage with after-tax income	95.9	95.9	95.9	96.1	96.1	96.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	83,590	33,140	50,455	108,630	44,435	64,195
$10,000 to $19,999	115,730	43,245	72,485	142,975	54,160	88,815
$20,000 to $29,999	118,940	51,335	67,610	138,435	58,900	79,535
$30,000 to $39,999	98,230	50,770	47,460	119,130	56,990	62,145
$40,000 to $49,999	67,470	38,665	28,810	84,245	46,675	37,565
$50,000 to $59,999	42,775	26,495	16,280	56,235	34,590	21,645
$60,000 to $69,999	28,790	16,435	12,355	39,320	23,195	16,125
$70,000 to $79,999	14,945	10,205	4,740	21,210	13,950	7,260
$80,000 and over	24,450	18,955	5,500	34,360	25,185	9,170
$80,000 to $89,999	8,385	6,340	2,040	11,615	8,185	3,430
$90,000 to $99,999	5,060	3,970	1,090	6,825	4,950	1,875
$100,000 and over	11,005	8,640	2,365	15,915	12,050	3,860
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	620,390	301,645	318,745	774,745	372,455	402,295
Without employment income	196,475	82,515	113,965	251,730	108,080	143,650
With employment income	423,910	219,140	204,775	523,020	264,370	258,640
Percentage with employment income	68.3	72.6	64.2	67.5	71.0	64.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	54,590	26,540	28,045	72,940	34,125	38,820
$5,000 to $9,999	36,840	15,720	21,120	45,820	19,475	26,350
$10,000 to $19,999	65,895	29,920	35,975	76,685	33,555	43,130
$20,000 to $29,999	59,240	25,955	33,280	66,155	29,385	36,770
$30,000 to $39,999	50,190	24,930	25,260	60,485	27,455	33,035
$40,000 to $49,999	42,140	22,160	19,980	49,395	24,470	24,925
$50,000 to $59,999	29,910	18,180	11,730	37,685	21,735	15,955
$60,000 to $69,999	23,390	14,620	8,770	28,695	17,955	10,740
$70,000 to $79,999	19,515	10,565	8,950	24,970	14,750	10,220
$80,000 and over	42,210	30,540	11,665	60,175	41,470	18,705
$80,000 to $89,999	13,190	7,840	5,345	20,175	11,645	8,535
$90,000 to $99,999	8,105	5,685	2,420	11,685	7,975	3,715
$100,000 and over	20,915	17,015	3,895	28,310	21,850	6,460
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	319,770	...	...	401,990	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	59,347	...	...	60,764	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	52,553	...	...	53,129	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	89,480	...	...	118,670	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	28,747	...	...	30,377	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	26,387	...	...	27,511	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	230,290	...	...	283,320	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	74,207	...	...	77,136	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	65,063	...	...	66,538	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	319,775	...	...	401,990	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	72,786	...	...	76,797	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	61,431	...	...	63,299	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	89,455	...	...	118,705	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	36,505	...	...	39,601	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,242	...	...	32,962	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	230,320	...	...	283,285	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	86,878	...	...	92,383	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	73,156	...	...	76,011	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	319,775	...	...	401,990	...	...
Under $5,000	3,940	...	...	6,830	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	7,800	...	...	7,755	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	6,835	...	...	12,330	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	17,765	...	...	20,155	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	16,400	...	...	20,210	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	16,335	...	...	18,700	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	17,830	...	...	21,645	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	16,875	...	...	19,995	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	15,365	...	...	19,285	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	14,845	...	...	18,235	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	27,735	...	...	33,450	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	25,205	...	...	30,470	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	22,750	...	...	27,755	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	19,415	...	...	24,340	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	16,030	...	...	20,240	...	...
$100,000 and over	74,655	...	...	100,600	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	29,535	...	...	38,090	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	18,605	...	...	24,330	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	17,050	...	...	23,445	...	...
$200,000 and over	9,460	...	...	14,730	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	319,770	...	...	401,990	...	...
Under $5,000	4,090	...	...	7,145	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	7,880	...	...	7,885	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	6,980	...	...	12,545	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	18,630	...	...	21,370	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	18,705	...	...	23,030	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	18,580	...	...	22,365	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	20,540	...	...	25,495	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	19,550	...	...	23,945	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	18,165	...	...	22,630	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	17,920	...	...	21,635	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	32,930	...	...	40,585	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	29,175	...	...	35,920	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	23,970	...	...	29,795	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	19,330	...	...	24,160	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	15,105	...	...	19,275	...	...
$100,000 and over	48,225	...	...	64,210	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	25,135	...	...	31,985	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	11,980	...	...	15,940	...	...
$150,000 and over	11,110	...	...	16,280	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	221,680	...	...	269,560	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	74,353	...	...	77,529	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	65,100	...	...	66,728	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	99,865	...	...	121,200	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	67,988	...	...	71,495	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	59,801	...	...	61,883	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	82,260	...	...	97,460	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	100,315	...	...	104,981	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	85,717	...	...	88,099	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	33,580	...	...	43,560	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	42,992	...	...	45,597	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	40,671	...	...	42,309	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	221,740	...	...	269,510	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	87,048	...	...	93,027	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	73,197	...	...	76,371	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	99,840	...	...	121,285	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	79,085	...	...	85,511	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	66,576	...	...	70,143	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	82,415	...	...	97,490	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	111,901	...	...	119,890	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	92,699	...	...	97,021	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	33,455	...	...	43,470	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	51,119	...	...	54,587	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	45,687	...	...	47,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	114,825	54,970	59,850	157,715	73,825	83,890
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	27,250	30,122	25,182	28,180	30,235	26,673
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	25,167	27,154	23,916	25,848	27,176	24,859
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	114,375	54,300	60,075	157,410	73,440	83,970
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	34,738	37,330	32,395	36,847	38,945	35,012
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	29,845	31,431	28,411	30,893	31,946	29,973
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	730,710	357,860	372,850	908,340	440,700	467,640
In the bottom half of the distribution	428,180	204,170	224,005	519,830	244,725	275,105
In the bottom decile	80,120	37,430	42,695	105,810	49,730	56,080
In the second decile	94,165	42,190	51,980	112,825	49,900	62,920
In the third decile	87,075	41,905	45,170	102,515	48,345	54,175
In the fourth decile	85,610	42,275	43,335	100,645	48,515	52,130
In the fifth decile	81,200	40,375	40,825	98,030	48,235	49,800
In the top half of the distribution	302,530	153,685	148,845	388,510	195,975	192,540
In the sixth decile	77,345	38,915	38,425	94,350	47,240	47,110
In the seventh decile	73,185	37,190	36,005	89,765	45,260	44,505
In the eighth decile	65,090	32,815	32,275	83,140	41,815	41,330
In the ninth decile	52,050	26,635	25,410	69,850	35,450	34,400
In the top decile	34,860	18,130	16,730	51,410	26,210	25,195
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	722,550	353,870	368,680	898,345	435,895	462,450
0 to 17 years	131,930	67,285	64,645	159,820	81,670	78,150
0 to 5 years	40,900	20,805	20,100	49,595	25,280	24,310
18 to 64 years	452,805	221,675	231,130	565,395	274,120	291,275
65 years and over	137,820	64,915	72,905	173,125	80,100	93,025
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	123,820	55,990	67,825	154,955	70,415	84,540
0 to 17 years	29,250	14,930	14,320	35,525	18,145	17,380
0 to 5 years	10,285	5,260	5,030	12,740	6,470	6,275
18 to 64 years	66,745	29,975	36,770	88,355	40,375	47,985
65 years and over	27,830	11,090	16,745	31,075	11,890	19,185
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	17.1	15.8	18.4	17.2	16.2	18.3
0 to 17 years (%)	22.2	22.2	22.2	22.2	22.2	22.2
0 to 5 years (%)	25.1	25.3	25.0	25.7	25.6	25.8
18 to 64 years (%)	14.7	13.5	15.9	15.6	14.7	16.5
65 years and over (%)	20.2	17.1	23.0	17.9	14.8	20.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	49,830	24,165	25,660	70,745	34,290	36,460
0 to 17 years	11,520	5,890	5,630	15,285	7,805	7,485
0 to 5 years	4,200	2,145	2,055	5,645	2,870	2,775
18 to 64 years	35,680	17,255	18,425	52,220	25,185	27,030
65 years and over	2,630	1,025	1,605	3,240	1,295	1,945
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.9	6.8	7.0	7.9	7.9	7.9
0 to 17 years (%)	8.7	8.8	8.7	9.6	9.6	9.6
0 to 5 years (%)	10.3	10.3	10.2	11.4	11.4	11.4
18 to 64 years (%)	7.9	7.8	8.0	9.2	9.2	9.3
65 years and over (%)	1.9	1.6	2.2	1.9	1.6	2.1
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	730,710	357,855	372,850	908,340	440,730	467,605
Official languages	728,310	356,615	371,690	905,700	439,525	466,180
English	666,315	326,905	339,415	905,020	439,215	465,805
French	310,550	147,845	162,705	95,740	42,150	53,585
Non-official languages	34,880	17,355	17,525	64,100	31,380	32,725
Aboriginal languages	3,065	1,470	1,595	5,645	2,685	2,960
Algonquian languages	2,990	1,455	1,540	5,575	2,635	2,935
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	0	10	20	15	10
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	10	10	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	2,965	1,435	1,530	5,550	2,625	2,920
Malecite	720	335	385	10	0	10
Mi'kmaq	2,265	1,115	1,150	5,540	2,625	2,920
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	15	0	10	0	10
Algonquin	0	10	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	10	10	0	10	0	10
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	15	15	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	10	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	10
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	10	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	10	10	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	55	10	45	35	25	15
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	45	10	40	30	15	10
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Iroquoian languages	10	0	10	10	10	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	10	0	10	10	10	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	10	10	0	10	0	10
Salish languages	0	10	0	10	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	31,865	15,915	15,955	58,490	28,715	29,770
Afro-Asiatic languages	4,355	2,385	1,980	10,730	5,745	4,985
Berber languages	80	40	35	25	15	15
Kabyle	40	20	15	25	15	15
Berber languages, n.i.e.	40	25	20	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	15	10	0	155	65	95
Bilen	0	0	0	20	15	10
Oromo	0	0	0	40	15	20
Somali	10	10	0	75	25	55
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10
Semitic languages	4,300	2,340	1,960	10,635	5,715	4,925
Amharic	165	100	65	260	135	120
Arabic	3,685	2,030	1,660	9,685	5,185	4,500
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	10	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	435	205	230	630	370	260
Maltese	0	10	0	25	0	25
Tigrigna	50	25	25	140	65	70
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	20	20
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	15	10	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	835	430	400	575	260	310
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	0	15	0	10
Vietnamese	820	435	390	555	255	300
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	1,790	695	1,090	3,035	1,275	1,760
Bikol	10	0	10	10	0	10
Cebuano	185	70	115	185	80	100
Fijian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Hiligaynon	35	10	30	45	20	30
Ilocano	50	10	45	70	20	55
Malagasy	25	10	15	10	0	0
Malay	75	20	55	80	25	60
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,595	625	970	2,835	1,195	1,635
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	15	0	35	15	20
Creole languages	430	195	235	360	185	175
Haitian Creole	50	20	30	35	20	15
Creole, n.o.s.	240	105	135	120	60	65
Creole languages, n.i.e.	140	75	65	210	115	100
Dravidian languages	435	245	195	1,365	785	580
Kannada	60	30	25	75	45	35
Malayalam	55	35	25	560	310	250
Tamil	190	115	75	450	260	190
Telugu	175	90	85	350	215	135
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	16,505	8,155	8,350	30,820	15,070	15,755
Albanian	80	45	35	405	185	215
Armenian	60	35	25	80	45	30
Balto-Slavic languages	2,065	1,100	965	4,095	1,935	2,160
Baltic languages	55	40	20	110	35	80
Latvian	20	10	10	50	15	35
Lithuanian	30	20	10	55	15	40
Slavic languages	2,025	1,070	955	4,010	1,910	2,105
Belarusan	10	0	0	10	0	10
Bosnian	75	40	40	145	60	80
Bulgarian	45	15	35	75	35	35
Croatian	95	45	55	275	105	165
Czech	115	65	45	210	95	110
Macedonian	35	25	10	90	55	30
Polish	320	165	160	900	410	490
Russian	1,200	630	570	1,945	970	970
Serbian	90	70	20	180	85	95
Serbo-Croatian	40	30	10	115	70	50
Slovak	45	15	30	145	70	75
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	10	0	35	10	20
Ukrainian	310	145	165	425	180	245
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages	140	40	100	1,070	495	580
Scottish Gaelic	95	20	75	910	400	505
Welsh	10	0	10	35	25	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	155	80	75
Germanic languages	4,745	2,360	2,380	9,225	4,490	4,740
Afrikaans	130	70	60	320	140	175
Danish	155	60	95	235	125	110
Dutch	1,185	560	625	2,105	935	1,165
Frisian	50	40	15	60	30	30
German	3,260	1,675	1,580	6,335	3,180	3,155
Icelandic	10	10	0	100	40	60
Norwegian	130	65	65	150	105	40
Swedish	110	45	60	245	115	130
Vlaams (Flemish)	40	20	25	20	10	15
Yiddish	20	20	0	30	15	15
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	125	45	85
Greek	220	125	95	1,315	670	645
Indo-Iranian languages	2,325	1,275	1,050	6,535	3,635	2,900
Indo-Aryan languages	1,570	875	695	4,935	2,790	2,140
Bengali	225	150	80	625	350	275
Gujarati	110	45	65	240	150	90
Hindi	790	430	355	2,270	1,300	975
Kashmiri	0	0	0	15	0	10
Konkani	0	0	0	15	15	0
Marathi	55	20	30	135	85	45
Nepali	185	90	95	620	315	305
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	20	10	15
Punjabi (Panjabi)	205	130	75	1,010	570	445
Sindhi	0	0	0	10	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	35	10	20	245	125	120
Urdu	355	215	140	1,090	660	425
Iranian languages	805	430	375	1,625	865	755
Kurdish	130	65	60	185	110	75
Pashto	60	45	20	85	55	30
Persian (Farsi)	620	330	285	1,385	725	660
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	75	40	35
Italic (Romance) languages	7,600	3,540	4,055	9,365	4,270	5,100
Catalan	15	10	0	15	10	10
Italian	825	405	420	1,665	845	820
Portuguese	450	250	200	910	480	430
Romanian	555	290	265	240	140	105
Spanish	6,065	2,775	3,290	6,990	3,020	3,970
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	70	55	20
Japanese	430	190	240	865	335	530
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Korean	1,695	860	835	1,530	685	850
Mongolic languages	10	10	10	10	0	10
Mongolian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	1,525	890	640	1,340	715	620
Akan (Twi)	35	15	25	65	40	30
Bamanankan	155	70	85	10	10	10
Edo	0	0	0	10	10	0
Ewe	0	0	0	80	50	30
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	100	85	15	10	10	0
Ga	10	10	0	30	15	20
Ganda	10	10	0	60	15	40
Igbo	60	50	15	70	45	30
Lingala	125	95	35	30	15	15
Rundi (Kirundi)	90	55	35	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	70	40	30	130	65	65
Shona	40	15	25	65	40	35
Swahili	355	185	170	370	200	175
Wolof	70	45	25	35	15	20
Yoruba	60	45	20	250	125	125
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	545	315	230	300	175	130
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	0	0	50	30	20
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	10
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	30	10
Sign languages	1,155	450	705	1,605	555	1,045
American Sign Language	425	150	280	795	235	555
Quebec Sign Language	15	10	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	745	305	435	815	325	495
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,585	1,885	1,700	7,135	3,615	3,515
Chinese languages	3,510	1,855	1,660	7,115	3,610	3,500
Cantonese	610	285	320	1,555	730	820
Hakka	0	0	0	45	25	25
Mandarin	2,760	1,455	1,310	5,435	2,720	2,710
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	60	30	30	195	75	120
Wu (Shanghainese)	140	65	75	60	35	30
Chinese, n.o.s.	310	195	115	575	340	245
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	40	10	30	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	70	30	40	20	10	15
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	65	25	45	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	20	10	15
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	85	20	65	240	110	130
Lao	10	0	10	20	0	10
Thai	80	20	60	220	100	120
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	175	105	75	620	320	300
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	20	20	0
Turkish	165	105	60	480	225	255
Uyghur	0	0	0	15	0	10
Uzbek	0	0	0	105	60	40
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	10	10	0
Uralic languages	270	130	140	430	200	230
Estonian	20	15	0	50	25	20
Finnish	35	15	20	120	55	70
Hungarian	220	105	115	255	115	140
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	100	70	30	75	40	35
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	730,710	357,855	372,855	908,340	440,735	467,605
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	710,775	347,905	362,875	878,415	425,340	453,070
Canadian citizens aged under 18	130,785	66,795	63,990	159,440	81,575	77,870
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	579,995	281,110	298,880	718,970	343,770	375,200
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	19,925	9,950	9,980	29,930	15,395	14,535
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	730,710	357,855	372,850	908,340	440,730	467,605
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	692,535	339,090	353,445	842,760	407,740	435,015
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	33,810	16,175	17,640	55,675	27,270	28,405
Before 1981	11,545	5,265	6,275	19,200	9,335	9,865
1981 to 1990	2,735	1,340	1,390	4,800	2,330	2,470
1991 to 2000	2,975	1,490	1,490	6,705	3,140	3,560
2001 to 2010	7,235	3,530	3,710	13,185	6,540	6,645
2001 to 2005	2,435	1,110	1,330	5,105	2,500	2,600
2006 to 2010	4,800	2,415	2,385	8,080	4,035	4,045
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	9,330	4,560	4,770	11,790	5,925	5,865
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	4,360	2,590	1,770	9,900	5,720	4,185
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	33,815	16,175	17,635	55,675	27,270	28,410
Under 5 years	5,135	2,350	2,790	7,280	3,495	3,785
5 to 14 years	7,290	3,585	3,705	10,445	5,240	5,205
15 to 24 years	5,790	2,525	3,265	10,170	4,670	5,500
25 to 44 years	12,640	6,100	6,535	22,980	11,315	11,660
45 years and over	2,955	1,615	1,340	4,800	2,550	2,250
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	33,815	16,175	17,635	55,680	27,270	28,410
Americas	9,420	4,205	5,210	10,610	4,830	5,780
Brazil	55	20	30	175	75	100
Colombia	215	85	130	175	90	85
El Salvador	115	85	30	95	50	45
Guyana	80	40	45	170	85	90
Haiti	170	70	100	55	30	30
Jamaica	120	85	40	480	210	275
Mexico	160	50	110	325	155	175
Peru	60	35	25	105	35	75
Trinidad and Tobago	115	70	40	220	120	100
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	7,620	3,315	4,305	7,375	3,320	4,055
Other places of birth in Americas	715	355	360	1,430	675	750
Europe	10,985	5,335	5,650	22,110	11,195	10,920
Bosnia and Herzegovina	100	55	50	210	115	100
Croatia	60	35	25	180	75	105
France	760	425	340	610	330	280
Germany	1,615	740	880	2,600	1,270	1,330
Greece	95	60	40	505	270	235
Hungary	100	35	65	110	40	65
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	160	75	85	475	225	255
Italy	210	125	85	525	310	215
Netherlands	975	505	465	1,645	790	855
Poland	195	90	100	630	265	365
Portugal	130	85	45	220	140	80
Romania	485	245	240	180	100	80
Russian Federation	245	115	135	585	270	315
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	30	25	10	90	45	45
Ukraine	250	120	130	335	145	195
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	4,600	2,160	2,445	11,275	5,815	5,460
Other places of birth in Europe	970	455	515	1,930	985	945
Africa	2,565	1,420	1,140	3,525	1,855	1,675
Algeria	165	90	75	25	15	15
Egypt	120	75	45	770	395	370
Ethiopia	120	65	60	185	105	85
Kenya	60	30	30	125	75	50
Morocco	200	120	75	80	50	30
Nigeria	115	65	50	350	185	165
Somalia	15	10	10	65	30	35
South Africa, Republic of	165	85	80	460	205	250
Other places of birth in Africa	1,615	885	725	1,465	790	675
Asia	10,625	5,105	5,520	18,955	9,100	9,855
Afghanistan	20	10	0	100	40	60
Bangladesh	100	55	50	315	180	135
China^{Census data footnote 59}	2,210	1,040	1,175	2,830	1,140	1,685
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	120	60	55	280	130	155
India	820	435	380	2,225	1,190	1,040
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	490	260	230	970	525	440
Iraq	70	25	45	525	250	285
Japan	90	15	75	225	60	170
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	1,495	775	720	870	340	530
Lebanon	390	225	165	1,370	755	610
Pakistan	225	130	95	615	315	295
Philippines	1,340	475	870	2,570	1,035	1,540
Sri Lanka	40	15	30	310	140	175
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	1,225	605	620	1,150	565	580
Taiwan	80	25	55	225	100	120
Viet Nam	720	355	365	450	205	245
Other places of birth in Asia	1,195	600	595	3,930	2,130	1,795
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	220	110	110	480	295	180
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	9,325	4,555	4,775	11,785	5,920	5,870
Americas	900	430	475	1,390	675	715
Brazil	20	10	10	95	40	55
Colombia	40	20	15	15	0	15
Cuba	10	10	10	70	40	30
Haiti	45	15	30	20	15	0
Jamaica	40	25	10	195	100	95
Mexico	25	10	20	105	55	45
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	585	285	300	615	310	305
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	25	10	20	15	10	10
Other places of birth in Americas	110	45	70	275	115	165
Europe	1,405	695	710	2,210	1,165	1,045
France	300	165	130	110	55	55
Germany	85	45	45	215	110	100
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	30	15	15	75	50	25
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	25	10	20	25	10	15
Romania	245	130	120	40	25	15
Russian Federation	90	35	55	180	75	100
Ukraine	100	50	50	140	55	80
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	240	145	100	1,080	620	460
Other places of birth in Europe	280	105	180	355	165	190
Africa	975	550	425	1,085	600	485
Algeria	15	20	0	15	0	10
Cameroon	45	35	10	0	0	10
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	155	75	80	55	30	25
Côte d'Ivoire	10	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	40	20	20	205	105	95
Eritrea	35	15	25	70	40	30
Ethiopia	45	20	25	45	35	10
Morocco	40	30	10	30	15	10
Nigeria	40	15	25	200	100	100
Somalia	10	0	10	10	0	10
South Africa, Republic of	35	20	15	80	35	45
Tunisia	50	30	20	10	10	0
Other places of birth in Africa	455	265	185	365	220	150
Asia	6,015	2,865	3,150	7,035	3,435	3,600
Afghanistan	0	0	0	20	0	20
Bangladesh	25	10	15	80	50	30
China^{Census data footnote 59}	1,390	690	700	985	465	520
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	10	10	0	10	0	0
India	265	140	125	900	490	410
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	255	130	125	260	135	125
Iraq	45	20	25	245	125	120
Israel	200	90	110	280	180	100
Japan	15	0	15	70	25	50
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	600	290	310	225	75	150
Lebanon	130	75	55	75	35	40
Nepal	45	15	35	185	95	85
Pakistan	70	40	30	145	80	65
Philippines	925	345	580	1,500	640	860
Saudi Arabia	45	40	10	125	75	50
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	100	55	50
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	1,145	550	595	890	420	460
Taiwan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	45	40	10	100	55	40
United Arab Emirates	30	20	10	70	45	20
Viet Nam	500	250	255	65	20	45
Other places of birth in Asia	265	100	160	715	370	345
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	40	25	15	70	50	20
Australia	20	10	10	35	30	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	20	10	10	35	15	15
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	730,710	357,855	372,850	908,340	440,735	467,605
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	41,395	20,445	20,955	70,310	35,320	34,990
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	43,370	21,150	22,220	69,125	33,765	35,360
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	645,945	316,270	329,675	768,905	371,645	397,260
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	22,665	11,085	11,575	37,000	18,195	18,805
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	13,205	6,735	6,470	21,830	11,270	10,560
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	5,115	3,595	1,520	8,710	5,865	2,845
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	8,090	3,140	4,950	13,115	5,405	7,710
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	6,100	2,625	3,475	10,415	4,455	5,955
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	3,240	1,675	1,570	4,520	2,345	2,175
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	110	55	60	235	120	115
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	730,710	357,860	372,855	908,340	440,730	467,605
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	29,385	14,690	14,695	51,495	24,900	26,595
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	28,160	14,120	14,040	49,935	24,175	25,765
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	17,575	8,555	9,015	25,830	12,460	13,370
Métis	10,200	5,370	4,835	23,315	11,325	11,985
Inuk (Inuit)	385	190	190	795	385	410
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	470	210	260	835	425	410
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	750	360	390	725	300	420
Non-Aboriginal identity	701,325	343,170	358,155	856,850	415,835	441,015
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	730,705	357,855	372,850	908,340	440,735	467,610
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	14,305	7,085	7,225	18,940	9,135	9,805
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	716,405	350,775	365,625	889,405	431,595	457,800
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	730,710	357,860	372,850	908,340	440,735	467,610
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	12,785	6,335	6,450	15,055	7,255	7,805
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	12,495	6,175	6,320	14,780	7,120	7,655
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	10,635	5,200	5,435	11,995	5,790	6,210
Métis single ancestry	1,695	900	800	2,560	1,245	1,315
Inuit single ancestry	165	75	85	220	85	135
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	290	165	130	275	135	145
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	235	125	110	210	95	115
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	25	15	15	25	20	10
Métis and Inuit ancestries	20	20	0	30	20	15
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	10	0	0	10	0	10
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	33,795	16,295	17,500	58,980	27,665	31,315
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	32,505	15,690	16,815	56,830	26,660	30,170
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	24,255	11,640	12,615	34,375	15,975	18,400
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	7,765	3,810	3,955	21,200	10,120	11,080
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	480	240	245	1,255	560	690
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	1,295	600	690	2,145	1,005	1,140
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,165	540	630	1,850	855	995
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	60	30	30	135	50	80
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	40	20	25	130	90	45
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	25	15	10	30	10	20
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	684,125	335,230	348,895	834,300	405,810	428,495
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	730,710	357,855	372,850	908,340	440,735	467,605
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	24,535	12,470	12,070	58,650	29,305	29,350
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	2,535	1,385	1,150	7,910	4,385	3,525
Chinese	3,925	1,970	1,955	8,640	4,210	4,435
Black	7,000	3,540	3,460	21,915	10,735	11,175
Filipino	1,980	835	1,145	3,400	1,485	1,920
Latin American	1,285	650	635	1,685	820	865
Arab	2,960	1,650	1,310	8,110	4,375	3,735
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	1,230	600	630	1,195	525	670
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	730	415	320	1,540	805	740
Korean	1,685	885	800	1,540	685	855
Japanese	230	70	160	695	295	405
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	305	135	175	630	300	330
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	675	345	330	1,385	690	695
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	706,170	345,385	360,785	849,690	411,430	438,260
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	730,705	357,860	372,850	908,340	440,730	467,610
North American Aboriginal origins	46,585	22,625	23,955	74,040	34,920	39,115
First Nations (North American Indian)	36,405	17,570	18,840	48,640	22,805	25,835
Inuit	830	420	410	1,840	830	1,010
Métis	10,960	5,435	5,530	26,025	12,435	13,585
Other North American origins	428,865	209,615	219,250	410,825	197,970	212,855
Acadian	29,505	14,455	15,060	23,700	11,050	12,650
American	7,175	3,575	3,605	7,515	3,730	3,785
Canadian	407,370	199,020	208,350	387,360	186,955	200,405
New Brunswicker	240	135	105	35	15	20
Newfoundlander	445	190	250	1,750	835	910
Nova Scotian	65	40	25	1,295	625	665
Ontarian	0	0	10	95	65	35
Québécois	770	410	365	380	190	185
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	20	20	0	20	0	15
European origins	424,850	206,715	218,135	621,525	299,755	321,760
British Isles origins	314,655	151,970	162,690	513,725	246,085	267,645
Channel Islander	125	45	85	90	25	60
Cornish	45	25	20	105	45	65
English	168,205	80,795	87,415	262,375	124,610	137,765
Irish	147,245	69,515	77,730	195,865	91,260	104,605
Manx	45	40	10	145	70	70
Scottish	134,455	64,400	70,055	272,880	129,640	143,240
Welsh	10,110	4,825	5,290	17,135	8,105	9,030
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	10,640	4,885	5,755	18,975	8,955	10,020
French origins	163,270	79,105	84,165	149,665	70,095	79,570
Alsatian	15	10	0	25	20	10
Breton	55	30	30	15	10	10
Corsican	0	0	0	20	20	0
French	163,245	79,090	84,155	149,625	70,065	79,565
Western European origins (except French origins)	49,825	24,100	25,725	125,110	59,420	65,690
Austrian	1,000	530	475	1,775	880	895
Bavarian	0	0	0	10	10	10
Belgian	1,470	650	815	2,615	1,320	1,305
Dutch	15,230	7,290	7,945	32,045	14,640	17,410
Flemish	100	65	40	160	80	80
Frisian	40	25	15	50	20	30
German	34,205	16,575	17,630	97,555	46,450	51,100
Luxembourger	0	10	0	30	20	10
Swiss	1,145	545	595	2,705	1,335	1,375
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	35	20	15	140	75	60
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	10,400	5,080	5,320	14,985	7,075	7,910
Danish	3,960	1,885	2,075	3,700	1,695	2,005
Finnish	465	235	225	1,140	505	630
Icelandic	250	135	115	660	295	370
Norwegian	3,330	1,650	1,680	5,170	2,535	2,635
Swedish	2,010	1,010	1,005	3,565	1,575	1,990
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	820	410	410	1,365	750	620
Eastern European origins	11,590	5,600	5,995	29,685	14,315	15,370
Bulgarian	155	60	100	280	130	145
Byelorussian	85	45	40	195	85	105
Czech	435	215	225	1,165	620	545
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	175	80	100	420	175	245
Estonian	100	35	60	345	185	165
Hungarian	1,280	615	665	2,700	1,320	1,380
Latvian	185	105	80	380	160	220
Lithuanian	325	165	160	1,150	510	635
Moldovan	35	20	15	10	0	10
Polish	3,445	1,670	1,780	11,575	5,525	6,050
Romanian	945	485	460	1,190	540	650
Russian	2,260	1,015	1,245	4,775	2,210	2,570
Slovak	250	130	125	610	320	290
Ukrainian	3,535	1,750	1,785	9,115	4,475	4,640
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	70	25	45	310	150	160
Southern European origins	13,450	6,560	6,890	28,680	13,790	14,890
Albanian	120	65	55	285	140	145
Bosnian	120	65	55	155	75	75
Catalan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Croatian	310	120	190	680	325	360
Cypriot	30	20	10	40	30	15
Greek	950	485	465	3,360	1,705	1,650
Italian	7,460	3,615	3,845	15,620	7,605	8,015
Kosovar	0	0	0	255	115	145
Macedonian	80	35	45	165	90	80
Maltese	115	45	65	440	215	220
Montenegrin	20	20	0	20	10	10
Portuguese	1,785	840	945	3,580	1,700	1,880
Serbian	130	90	35	255	120	135
Sicilian	15	10	0	40	20	15
Slovenian	130	60	60	150	70	85
Spanish	2,555	1,220	1,330	4,300	1,875	2,425
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	120	55	65	400	205	200
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	20	10	10	85	50	40
Other European origins	1,805	960	840	5,465	2,845	2,625
Basque	90	50	40	160	75	85
Jewish	785	410	375	2,040	1,040	1,000
Roma (Gypsy)	30	20	15	135	110	25
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	30	10	15	25	25	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	875	480	395	3,145	1,610	1,535
Caribbean origins	2,275	1,045	1,230	5,220	2,580	2,640
Antiguan	0	0	0	100	50	55
Bahamian	35	15	15	230	105	115
Barbadian	100	60	40	575	300	275
Bermudan	130	40	90	185	90	100
Carib	10	0	0	45	30	10
Cuban	235	135	100	340	145	195
Dominican	80	35	40	150	85	65
Grenadian	20	0	15	35	20	20
Guadeloupean	35	20	15	0	0	0
Haitian	305	140	160	115	50	65
Jamaican	750	350	395	2,075	1,050	1,025
Kittitian/Nevisian	10	10	0	45	15	30
Martinican	0	0	0	10	10	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	10	10	0
Puerto Rican	85	40	40	115	40	75
St. Lucian	15	10	10	65	20	50
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	150	70	75	325	170	155
Vincentian/Grenadinian	45	10	35	35	20	15
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	245	110	135	785	420	365
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	185	65	120	330	155	180
Latin, Central and South American origins	2,135	1,110	1,025	3,055	1,525	1,525
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	65	40	25	185	90	100
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	30	10	20	65	40	25
Belizean	0	0	10	25	20	10
Bolivian	55	35	20	40	20	15
Brazilian	60	15	45	280	140	135
Chilean	95	40	55	130	80	45
Colombian	265	105	160	430	210	225
Costa Rican	30	15	15	35	10	25
Ecuadorian	30	20	10	50	20	30
Guatemalan	125	40	85	90	65	35
Guyanese	115	50	70	350	160	195
Hispanic	75	35	35	60	35	25
Honduran	50	20	25	50	35	20
Maya	90	45	45	70	35	30
Mexican	700	395	300	810	415	395
Nicaraguan	20	20	0	45	20	25
Panamanian	15	15	0	25	10	15
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	90	45	45	180	85	95
Salvadorean	135	95	40	110	75	35
Uruguayan	10	0	0	15	0	20
Venezuelan	60	35	30	80	50	30
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	110	65	50	185	80	105
African origins	6,705	3,535	3,170	17,655	8,560	9,095
Central and West African origins	1,835	1,045	790	1,335	700	635
Akan	20	10	10	10	0	10
Angolan	25	10	10	10	0	10
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	10	0
Beninese	0	10	0	20	10	10
Burkinabe	75	50	30	0	0	10
Cameroonian	150	110	40	70	35	35
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	415	250	165	180	95	85
Edo	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	15	10	0	10	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Ghanaian	90	55	35	185	105	85
Guinean	175	125	50	30	20	10
Ibo	80	55	25	90	50	40
Ivorian	60	30	30	10	0	0
Liberian	80	45	35	15	10	10
Malian	125	55	65	10	0	10
Malinké	0	0	0	15	10	10
Nigerian	230	115	115	445	240	210
Peulh	40	25	20	0	10	0
Senegalese	105	45	60	10	10	0
Sierra Leonean	20	0	20	80	45	35
Togolese	40	20	25	70	30	35
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	50	25	25	65	25	45
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	225	135	90	120	65	50
North African origins	1,200	705	495	2,030	1,045	980
Algerian	190	90	90	85	45	40
Berber	180	105	70	70	50	20
Coptic	0	0	0	30	10	20
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	210	130	80	1,295	695	600
Libyan	185	85	100	215	105	110
Maure	0	0	0	10	0	10
Moroccan	365	255	115	130	60	70
Sudanese	15	10	10	130	50	80
Tunisian	140	80	60	65	25	35
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	15	10	10	90	40	50
Southern and East African origins	1,050	565	485	1,865	920	945
Afrikaner	0	0	0	25	10	20
Amhara	0	0	0	10	10	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	30	25	0	10	10	0
Burundian	105	55	50	10	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	115	80	40	160	85	75
Ethiopian	180	105	70	280	120	155
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	10	0	0	160	85	75
Malagasy	60	20	35	20	0	15
Mauritian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Oromo	30	10	20	25	15	15
Rwandan	105	50	55	105	55	50
Seychellois	10	0	10	0	0	0
Somali	30	25	0	180	75	100
South African	225	95	130	520	255	265
Tanzanian	0	0	0	60	45	20
Tigrian	0	0	0	15	0	10
Ugandan	25	15	15	60	25	40
Zambian	25	10	15	80	35	50
Zimbabwean	60	30	30	100	55	45
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	80	40	40	170	100	75
Other African origins	2,850	1,360	1,485	12,620	5,990	6,635
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	385	140	245	2,255	1,060	1,195
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	2,475	1,225	1,245	10,460	4,965	5,495
Asian origins	19,410	9,775	9,635	42,500	21,445	21,050
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	6,835	3,590	3,240	17,205	8,915	8,295
Afghan	25	10	20	230	80	150
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	590	300	295	1,600	835	770
Armenian	115	60	50	265	160	110
Assyrian	15	10	0	10	10	0
Azerbaijani	10	0	10	20	20	0
Georgian	10	10	10	20	15	10
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	665	365	305	1,405	785	620
Iraqi	105	50	55	595	270	325
Israeli	175	85	90	245	120	120
Jordanian	180	105	75	260	150	115
Kazakh	0	10	0	45	30	20
Kurd	80	45	30	230	120	115
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	245	115	130
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	2,825	1,435	1,395	7,445	3,815	3,630
Palestinian	75	40	30	990	535	455
Pashtun	20	10	10	30	15	10
Saudi Arabian	85	65	20	725	470	255
Syrian	1,685	865	825	2,190	1,090	1,100
Tajik	0	0	0	20	10	10
Tatar	25	10	15	40	15	25
Turk	235	150	85	690	320	370
Turkmen	10	15	0	10	10	10
Uighur	0	0	0	10	10	0
Uzbek	40	25	10	90	60	30
Yemeni	35	20	15	205	105	95
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	50	35	15	780	410	370
South Asian origins	2,975	1,590	1,385	8,495	4,690	3,805
Bangladeshi	150	95	55	240	135	110
Bengali	50	40	10	65	40	20
Bhutanese	35	20	15	225	100	125
East Indian	2,150	1,105	1,045	6,255	3,460	2,795
Goan	0	0	0	10	10	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kashmiri	10	0	0	0	10	0
Nepali	160	75	90	430	220	210
Pakistani	255	160	100	665	405	260
Punjabi	45	35	15	230	110	115
Sinhalese	15	0	10	40	10	30
Sri Lankan	100	45	55	340	150	190
Tamil	25	15	10	60	30	35
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	85	50	35	470	290	175
East and Southeast Asian origins	9,640	4,610	5,030	16,715	7,850	8,870
Burmese	25	15	10	15	0	10
Cambodian (Khmer)	60	30	30	55	15	40
Chinese	4,480	2,230	2,250	9,695	4,720	4,980
Filipino	2,130	870	1,265	3,580	1,585	1,995
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	100	30	65	140	65	75
Japanese	305	115	185	905	385	515
Karen	65	30	35	0	0	0
Korean	1,675	875	795	1,590	700	895
Laotian	0	10	0	15	0	10
Malaysian	30	15	15	80	30	45
Mongolian	45	30	15	55	30	30
Singaporean	10	10	0	10	10	0
Taiwanese	60	30	30	240	100	140
Thai	100	30	70	245	85	155
Tibetan	0	0	0	10	0	10
Vietnamese	885	450	435	760	355	410
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	10	0	10	75	45	25
Other Asian origins	110	70	45	410	190	215
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	115	65	45	410	190	215
Oceania origins	470	210	260	895	450	445
Australian	290	120	165	490	255	235
New Zealander	135	70	70	290	155	130
Pacific Islands origins	55	30	20	125	55	70
Fijian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Hawaiian	30	10	15	25	10	15
Maori	10	10	0	40	20	25
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	10	0	10	20	15	10
Samoan	0	0	0	10	0	10
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	10	10	0	30	0	20
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	319,770	...	...	401,990	...	...
Owner	238,040	...	...	276,095	...	...
Renter	79,865	...	...	123,595	...	...
Band housing	1,865	...	...	2,300	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	319,770	...	...	401,990	...	...
Condominium	10,580	...	...	13,370	...	...
Not condominium	309,195	...	...	388,625	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	319,775	...	...	401,990	...	...
No bedrooms	680	...	...	1,140	...	...
1 bedroom	28,370	...	...	45,675	...	...
2 bedrooms	88,115	...	...	105,410	...	...
3 bedrooms	125,865	...	...	158,975	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	76,745	...	...	90,785	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	319,770	...	...	401,990	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	66,540	...	...	87,755	...	...
5 rooms	56,365	...	...	64,655	...	...
6 rooms	54,070	...	...	66,855	...	...
7 rooms	45,825	...	...	57,085	...	...
8 or more rooms	96,970	...	...	125,635	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	319,770	...	...	401,990	...	...
One person or fewer per room	318,195	...	...	399,855	...	...
More than 1 person per room	1,575	...	...	2,130	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	319,770	...	...	401,990	...	...
Suitable	312,370	...	...	390,445	...	...
Not suitable	7,405	...	...	11,540	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	319,770	...	...	401,990	...	...
1960 or before	76,690	...	...	112,530	...	...
1961 to 1980	98,720	...	...	113,715	...	...
1981 to 1990	45,630	...	...	59,105	...	...
1991 to 2000	39,825	...	...	49,825	...	...
2001 to 2005	19,090	...	...	23,045	...	...
2006 to 2010	22,530	...	...	23,925	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	17,290	...	...	19,840	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	319,770	...	...	401,990	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	293,155	...	...	366,615	...	...
Major repairs needed	26,625	...	...	35,375	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	319,770	...	...	401,990	...	...
1 household maintainer	195,585	...	...	241,800	...	...
2 household maintainers	120,195	...	...	152,970	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	3,995	...	...	7,220	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	319,775	...	...	401,990	...	...
15 to 24 years	10,375	...	...	14,575	...	...
25 to 34 years	38,585	...	...	49,695	...	...
35 to 44 years	50,050	...	...	59,550	...	...
45 to 54 years	61,860	...	...	77,555	...	...
55 to 64 years	68,145	...	...	85,360	...	...
65 to 74 years	53,435	...	...	66,865	...	...
75 to 84 years	27,655	...	...	35,980	...	...
85 years and over	9,675	...	...	12,405	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	314,325	...	...	395,860	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	261,385	...	...	310,540	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	52,935	...	...	85,315	...	...
30% to less than 100%	47,190	...	...	74,290	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	235,950	...	...	273,525	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	55.9	...	...	55.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	10.3	...	...	12.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	741	...	...	819	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	876	...	...	987	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	150,010	...	...	199,886	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	170,071	...	...	230,441	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	79,370	...	...	123,060	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	14.4	...	...	12.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	36.5	...	...	42.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	704	...	...	849	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	741	...	...	909	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	620,395	301,650	318,745	774,745	372,455	402,295
No certificate, diploma or degree	136,745	71,600	65,140	153,705	79,885	73,825
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	176,750	85,345	91,405	195,900	95,205	100,695
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	306,895	144,700	162,200	425,140	197,365	227,775
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	56,595	39,965	16,630	76,810	54,075	22,735
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	29,630	17,320	12,315	42,625	25,015	17,610
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	26,965	22,645	4,320	34,185	29,060	5,125
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	135,065	56,055	79,005	168,805	67,030	101,775
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	11,610	3,995	7,620	18,380	6,975	11,405
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	103,630	44,685	58,945	161,150	69,290	91,855
Bachelor's degree	73,330	30,165	43,165	108,385	45,185	63,205
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	6,735	2,795	3,935	9,495	4,020	5,475
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	2,755	1,600	1,160	4,700	2,595	2,110
Master's degree	17,745	8,170	9,585	32,645	13,840	18,805
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	3,065	1,955	1,110	5,925	3,655	2,270
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	400,785	194,715	206,070	494,505	237,795	256,710
No certificate, diploma or degree	55,645	32,390	23,260	60,280	34,820	25,460
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	114,330	56,430	57,895	116,280	57,600	58,675
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	230,810	105,890	124,915	317,950	145,375	172,570
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	37,710	26,335	11,375	52,370	37,255	15,115
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	19,900	11,430	8,475	29,105	17,300	11,810
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	17,805	14,905	2,900	23,265	19,955	3,310
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	104,595	43,695	60,900	128,010	51,890	76,120
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	7,685	2,660	5,020	11,595	4,325	7,275
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	80,825	33,195	47,625	125,970	51,905	74,065
Bachelor's degree	57,560	23,115	34,450	85,240	34,830	50,410
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	5,160	1,920	3,240	6,895	2,610	4,285
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	2,190	1,110	1,080	3,775	1,850	1,925
Master's degree	13,730	5,770	7,960	26,025	10,380	15,640
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	2,190	1,285	905	4,045	2,240	1,805
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	620,395	301,645	318,745	774,750	372,455	402,295
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	313,495	156,945	156,545	349,605	175,090	174,520
Education	25,570	6,725	18,845	31,395	8,460	22,930
13. Education	25,565	6,720	18,845	31,390	8,465	22,930
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	6,140	2,800	3,335	10,700	5,095	5,605
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,155	905	250	2,070	1,565	505
50. Visual and performing arts	4,990	1,900	3,085	8,635	3,530	5,100
Humanities	12,430	5,245	7,190	18,830	7,520	11,310
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	1,040	255	785	1,175	355	820
23. English language and literature/letters	2,395	715	1,675	5,110	1,530	3,580
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	3,055	1,065	1,990	4,545	1,540	3,000
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	55	20	35	65	25	35
38. Philosophy and religious studies	725	455	270	1,240	675	565
39. Theology and religious vocations	2,150	1,325	825	2,200	1,340	860
54. History	2,190	1,185	1,005	3,615	1,865	1,755
55. French language and literature/letters	830	220	605	880	190	695
Social and behavioural sciences and law	23,780	6,945	16,835	40,155	11,980	28,175
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	190	35	155	635	145	490
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,725	710	1,015	3,285	1,260	2,025
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	6,015	305	5,710	9,115	750	8,365
22. Legal professions and studies	3,935	1,325	2,615	6,110	1,920	4,185
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	420	95	325	610	135	475
42. Psychology	5,075	1,355	3,725	8,170	2,060	6,110
45. Social sciences	6,420	3,120	3,300	12,240	5,710	6,520
Business, management and public administration	67,605	19,470	48,135	93,075	27,030	66,045
30.16 Accounting and computer science	230	35	190	205	55	150
44. Public administration and social service professions	5,670	1,010	4,660	6,285	1,345	4,940
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	61,705	18,425	43,285	86,590	25,630	60,960
Physical and life sciences and technologies	7,625	3,930	3,700	15,340	7,650	7,685
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	3,320	1,525	1,800	6,910	2,990	3,925
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,845	825	1,025	3,340	1,455	1,880
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	130	30	100	165	35	120
40. Physical sciences	1,720	1,265	455	4,260	3,005	1,255
41. Science technologies/technicians	610	285	325	665	165	500
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	11,275	7,185	4,095	15,745	9,355	6,390
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	9,975	6,640	3,335	12,750	8,055	4,695
25. Library science	620	95	525	1,210	175	1,040
27. Mathematics and statistics	620	395	225	1,590	995	600
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	55	45	10	200	135	65
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	70,800	67,070	3,735	92,920	87,340	5,580
04. Architecture and related services	500	365	140	1,370	860	510
14. Engineering	8,020	7,015	1,010	11,925	10,290	1,640
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	13,010	11,575	1,430	17,805	16,110	1,695
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	10	0	10
46. Construction trades	18,910	18,555	350	24,800	24,235	570
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	20,075	19,570	505	25,465	24,680	780
48. Precision production	10,290	9,985	300	11,545	11,165	380
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	6,370	4,715	1,650	7,630	4,615	3,015
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	2,970	1,840	1,130	4,215	2,160	2,055
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,395	2,875	520	3,410	2,450	960
Health and related fields	49,795	7,490	42,305	66,770	10,595	56,175
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	2,770	1,325	1,445	3,560	1,730	1,825
51. Health professions and related programs	46,160	5,600	40,550	61,755	7,955	53,800
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	870	565	305	1,460	910	550
Personal, protective and transportation services	25,460	13,110	12,355	32,535	17,700	14,830
12. Personal and culinary services	13,835	2,735	11,095	17,625	4,455	13,170
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	105	95	10	250	240	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	390	355	40	905	850	50
43. Security and protective services	4,665	3,795	875	4,540	3,535	1,005
49. Transportation and materials moving	6,465	6,135	325	9,220	8,625	600
Other	50	25	25	45	10	40
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	45	25	20	50	10	40
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	400,780	194,710	206,070	494,505	237,795	256,710
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	169,970	88,820	81,150	176,560	92,420	84,135
Education	16,350	3,830	12,520	20,590	4,940	15,650
13. Education	16,350	3,835	12,515	20,585	4,940	15,650
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	4,690	2,140	2,550	8,145	3,855	4,285
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	830	630	200	1,515	1,140	375
50. Visual and performing arts	3,860	1,510	2,350	6,630	2,715	3,915
Humanities	8,810	3,450	5,360	13,745	5,275	8,465
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	820	195	625	895	280	615
23. English language and literature/letters	1,725	490	1,235	3,800	1,095	2,705
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,125	650	1,475	3,425	1,125	2,305
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	35	10	30	60	25	35
38. Philosophy and religious studies	500	295	215	910	490	420
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,460	860	595	1,330	795	535
54. History	1,630	855	775	2,710	1,340	1,370
55. French language and literature/letters	520	100	420	620	130	490
Social and behavioural sciences and law	18,970	5,210	13,760	32,650	9,150	23,500
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	135	20	115	520	110	410
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,500	630	870	2,750	1,030	1,720
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	4,685	235	4,450	7,395	580	6,810
22. Legal professions and studies	3,280	940	2,340	5,225	1,380	3,845
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	335	70	260	460	100	355
42. Psychology	4,015	980	3,035	6,545	1,580	4,970
45. Social sciences	5,015	2,330	2,680	9,755	4,360	5,390
Business, management and public administration	52,915	15,055	37,860	69,255	20,285	48,970
30.16 Accounting and computer science	215	40	175	175	40	135
44. Public administration and social service professions	4,505	735	3,770	5,140	1,025	4,120
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	48,190	14,280	33,915	63,935	19,220	44,715
Physical and life sciences and technologies	5,620	2,710	2,905	11,075	5,385	5,690
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	2,580	1,135	1,445	5,285	2,240	3,045
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,275	540	730	2,390	1,030	1,360
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	110	20	95	130	30	100
40. Physical sciences	1,185	820	370	2,910	2,005	905
41. Science technologies/technicians	465	195	270	365	85	275
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	9,710	6,285	3,425	13,625	8,240	5,385
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	8,815	5,910	2,905	11,505	7,330	4,170
25. Library science	415	70	345	815	115	700
27. Mathematics and statistics	430	265	170	1,130	660	470
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	55	50	0	175	125	50
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	51,150	47,940	3,210	67,930	63,180	4,750
04. Architecture and related services	395	270	120	1,020	585	430
14. Engineering	6,230	5,295	935	8,585	7,230	1,355
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	10,405	9,135	1,270	13,410	11,920	1,495
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	10
46. Construction trades	13,110	12,825	290	18,355	17,835	515
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	14,025	13,635	395	18,540	17,910	625
48. Precision production	6,980	6,770	210	8,020	7,700	325
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	5,010	3,575	1,430	5,995	3,475	2,520
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	2,355	1,395	960	3,270	1,570	1,695
03. Natural resources and conservation	2,655	2,185	470	2,725	1,905	825
Health and related fields	38,135	5,850	32,285	50,220	8,215	42,010
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	2,145	1,060	1,085	2,730	1,350	1,380
51. Health professions and related programs	35,295	4,385	30,905	46,385	6,215	40,165
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	695	405	285	1,110	650	460
Personal, protective and transportation services	19,415	9,810	9,600	24,685	13,375	11,310
12. Personal and culinary services	10,520	1,945	8,575	13,490	3,480	10,000
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	95	85	10	205	200	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	220	190	35	475	435	40
43. Security and protective services	3,460	2,760	705	3,465	2,655	815
49. Transportation and materials moving	5,115	4,835	285	7,045	6,595	450
Other	45	25	20	45	10	40
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	40	25	15	50	10	35
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	620,390	301,650	318,745	774,745	372,455	402,295
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	313,495	156,945	156,545	349,605	175,090	174,515
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	306,900	144,700	162,200	425,145	197,365	227,775
Location of study inside Canada	290,645	136,490	154,155	396,690	182,875	213,810
Same as province or territory of residence	229,835	106,610	123,230	315,140	141,965	173,175
Different than province or territory of residence	60,810	29,880	30,925	81,550	40,915	40,640
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	16,255	8,205	8,050	28,450	14,485	13,965
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	5,360	2,675	2,685	7,950	4,110	3,840
Philippines	920	285	635	1,530	540	995
India	460	230	230	1,755	935	825
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	1,995	1,175	815	5,530	3,225	2,305
China^{Census data footnote 162}	1,105	550	555	1,080	445	635
France	660	370	290	350	210	145
Other	5,755	2,920	2,835	10,255	5,030	5,225
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	400,785	194,715	206,070	494,510	237,800	256,710
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	169,970	88,815	81,155	176,560	92,420	84,140
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	230,815	105,895	124,920	317,950	145,380	172,575
Location of study inside Canada	218,710	100,175	118,535	297,430	135,465	161,965
Same as province or territory of residence	172,760	78,520	94,240	236,720	105,480	131,235
Different than province or territory of residence	45,950	21,660	24,295	60,710	29,980	30,730
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	12,105	5,715	6,380	20,525	9,915	10,605
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	3,460	1,555	1,905	4,905	2,370	2,540
Philippines	875	260	615	1,415	520	900
India	345	160	180	1,385	725	660
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	1,070	575	490	3,455	1,930	1,525
China^{Census data footnote 162}	1,025	475	550	810	335	475
France	525	300	225	245	140	100
Other	4,800	2,390	2,415	8,305	3,900	4,405
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	620,390	301,650	318,745	774,750	372,455	402,290
In the labour force	381,790	197,005	184,790	474,595	242,775	231,820
Employed	339,045	170,050	168,995	427,310	215,010	212,305
Unemployed	42,745	26,950	15,795	47,280	27,765	19,520
Not in the labour force	238,600	104,645	133,955	300,155	129,680	170,475
Participation rate	61.5	65.3	58.0	61.3	65.2	57.6
Employment rate	54.7	56.4	53.0	55.2	57.7	52.8
Unemployment rate	11.2	13.7	8.5	10.0	11.4	8.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	620,390	301,645	318,745	774,750	372,455	402,295
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	217,930	94,105	123,825	274,375	117,550	156,825
Worked	402,465	207,540	194,920	500,370	254,905	245,465
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	201,230	106,785	94,450	252,820	135,940	116,880
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	201,225	100,760	100,475	247,550	118,965	128,585
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.0	40.6	41.5	41.6	41.5	41.7
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	381,795	197,000	184,790	474,590	242,775	231,820
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	7,320	3,790	3,530	9,265	4,800	4,470
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	374,470	193,210	181,260	465,330	237,975	227,350
Employee	342,685	173,560	169,125	420,745	210,170	210,570
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	31,785	19,655	12,130	44,585	27,805	16,775
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	381,790	197,005	184,790	474,595	242,775	231,820
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	7,320	3,790	3,530	9,265	4,800	4,470
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	374,470	193,215	181,255	465,330	237,975	227,350
0 Management occupations	34,015	20,605	13,415	45,530	27,170	18,365
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	52,695	14,200	38,495	67,495	17,930	49,565
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	20,705	16,300	4,405	27,450	21,980	5,465
3 Health occupations	30,730	4,870	25,865	37,600	6,290	31,310
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	45,640	15,355	30,285	58,165	20,975	37,185
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	6,610	2,925	3,685	12,490	5,560	6,930
6 Sales and service occupations	91,035	36,535	54,505	113,135	45,385	67,750
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	59,925	57,015	2,910	67,625	64,200	3,430
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	14,485	12,280	2,205	18,380	15,730	2,650
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	18,620	13,130	5,495	17,460	12,755	4,705
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	381,795	197,000	184,790	474,595	242,775	231,820
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	7,320	3,790	3,530	9,265	4,795	4,465
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	374,470	193,210	181,260	465,330	237,975	227,350
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	15,135	12,025	3,115	17,775	14,165	3,610
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	4,345	3,765	580	4,025	3,630	390
22 Utilities	3,350	2,615	735	2,880	2,115	760
23 Construction	27,795	25,195	2,595	33,555	30,185	3,370
31-33 Manufacturing	32,405	23,215	9,195	32,375	23,565	8,810
41 Wholesale trade	11,170	8,180	2,990	13,345	9,650	3,690
44-45 Retail trade	46,180	21,220	24,950	59,570	26,295	33,280
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	17,680	13,295	4,390	19,660	14,980	4,680
51 Information and cultural industries	6,615	3,700	2,915	9,310	5,250	4,055
52 Finance and insurance	12,415	4,090	8,325	15,240	5,690	9,545
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	3,830	2,245	1,585	6,870	3,890	2,980
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	17,240	9,485	7,750	26,065	14,090	11,975
55 Management of companies and enterprises	345	145	195	625	255	365
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	18,530	10,060	8,475	22,240	12,950	9,295
61 Educational services	26,090	8,180	17,905	35,480	11,705	23,780
62 Health care and social assistance	51,380	7,955	43,430	64,390	10,435	53,955
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	5,950	3,065	2,885	9,385	4,555	4,835
72 Accommodation and food services	24,825	8,460	16,365	33,115	12,095	21,025
81 Other services (except public administration)	17,105	8,365	8,745	19,195	8,875	10,320
91 Public administration	32,090	17,960	14,135	40,225	23,590	16,635
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	339,045	170,050	168,995	427,310	215,010	212,300
Worked at home	19,445	9,485	9,955	28,075	13,780	14,300
Worked outside Canada	1,315	885	430	1,665	1,185	485
No fixed workplace address	37,925	28,630	9,300	51,545	38,965	12,575
Worked at usual place	280,360	131,055	149,310	346,020	161,075	184,945
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	280,360	131,055	149,310	346,020	161,075	184,945
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	127,230	57,560	69,670	251,000	116,125	134,875
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	97,230	44,565	52,665	57,510	23,850	33,655
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	50,560	25,155	25,410	32,230	17,425	14,805
Commute to a different province or territory	5,345	3,775	1,565	5,285	3,675	1,610
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	318,285	159,680	158,605	397,570	200,045	197,525
Car, truck, van - as a driver	266,035	135,575	130,460	310,240	159,660	150,580
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	24,455	9,855	14,600	29,150	12,090	17,055
Public transit	7,290	3,600	3,690	25,315	11,425	13,890
Walked	14,650	6,900	7,755	24,870	11,635	13,235
Bicycle	1,210	800	405	2,480	1,695	785
Other method	4,645	2,950	1,695	5,520	3,535	1,985
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	318,290	159,680	158,605	397,565	200,045	197,525
Less than 15 minutes	135,690	63,885	71,810	136,245	62,375	73,880
15 to 29 minutes	118,075	58,505	59,570	145,310	73,055	72,260
30 to 44 minutes	39,230	21,385	17,845	69,795	37,770	32,025
45 to 59 minutes	12,945	7,275	5,670	24,405	13,070	11,335
60 minutes and over	12,345	8,635	3,710	21,815	13,785	8,030
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	318,285	159,680	158,605	397,570	200,045	197,520
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	17,850	12,755	5,100	23,775	16,345	7,430
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	51,825	30,905	20,925	76,185	44,615	31,570
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	112,460	55,470	56,990	119,920	60,740	59,185
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	64,235	25,835	38,400	83,505	32,835	50,670
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	25,595	9,415	16,180	35,470	14,005	21,465
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	46,320	25,300	21,020	58,715	31,510	27,205
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	413,695	212,875	200,820	514,080	261,365	252,710
Single responses	395,120	204,270	190,850	510,800	259,940	250,860
Official languages	394,015	203,660	190,355	509,100	258,990	250,105
English	304,775	160,255	144,515	502,960	256,380	246,585
French	89,240	43,400	45,840	6,135	2,615	3,525
Non-official languages	1,105	615	490	1,705	950	755
Aboriginal languages	255	140	115	650	350	295
Algonquian languages	250	135	110	650	355	295
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	255	135	110	645	350	290
Malecite	15	10	10	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	240	135	110	645	355	295
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	855	475	380	1,055	600	455
Afro-Asiatic languages	160	105	50	195	150	45
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	160	105	55	190	150	45
Amharic	0	0	0	10	0	10
Arabic	140	100	45	165	135	30
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	25	10	10	25	15	10
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40	20	20	10	0	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	45	20	20	10	0	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	15	0	10	15	10	15
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	10	10	20	0	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	10	0
Indo-European languages	170	95	80	385	225	160
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	30	10	20	30	20	15
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	30	10	20	25	20	10
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	25	10	15	25	20	10
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	25	10	15	190	115	75
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	10	10	10
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	25	10	15	155	85	65
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages	40	30	10	50	30	20
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	20	20	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	15	15	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	35	25	10	30	10	15
Kurdish	15	15	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	25	15	10	30	10	20
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	65	35	25	105	50	60
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	30	15	15
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	65	35	30	75	30	40
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	10	0	0	35	10	25
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	60	35	25	50	20	25
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	30	20	10	45	20	25
American Sign Language	10	10	10	20	10	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	20	20	0	25	15	15
Sino-Tibetan languages	365	185	175	310	165	145
Chinese languages	360	185	175	305	165	145
Cantonese	35	15	25	80	45	35
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	295	150	150	210	105	110
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	25	10	15	15	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	10	0	10	0	10
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Multiple responses	18,575	8,605	9,970	3,270	1,420	1,850
English and French	18,045	8,350	9,695	2,295	950	1,345
English and non-official language	475	240	235	930	460	470
French and non-official language	10	0	10	0	0	10
English, French and non-official language	45	15	35	40	15	30
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	413,690	212,875	200,820	514,075	261,365	252,710
None	322,045	167,900	154,150	491,875	250,710	241,170
English	44,925	21,560	23,360	5,115	2,370	2,745
French	44,415	22,175	22,240	13,405	6,555	6,855
Non-official language	2,090	1,115	975	3,430	1,600	1,825
Aboriginal	615	285	330	855	365	490
Non-Aboriginal	1,475	830	645	2,570	1,240	1,330
English and French	0	0	0	10	0	10
English and non-official language	55	20	35	0	10	0
French and non-official language	160	95	65	230	130	105
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	724,030	354,435	369,600	900,450	436,790	463,660
Non-movers	641,310	314,280	327,020	792,100	384,560	407,535
Movers	82,720	40,150	42,570	108,350	52,230	56,120
Non-migrants	45,630	21,830	23,800	68,165	32,930	35,235
Migrants	37,090	18,320	18,765	40,185	19,300	20,885
Internal migrants	32,585	15,995	16,585	33,720	16,055	17,665
Intraprovincial migrants	21,995	10,555	11,445	18,480	8,390	10,090
Interprovincial migrants	10,585	5,445	5,140	15,240	7,665	7,570
External migrants	4,505	2,320	2,185	6,470	3,240	3,225
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	696,160	340,310	355,845	866,425	419,580	446,845
Non-movers	480,830	237,150	243,685	582,705	283,125	299,575
Movers	215,325	103,155	112,165	283,720	136,455	147,265
Non-migrants	113,835	53,935	59,900	169,570	81,405	88,165
Migrants	101,490	49,215	52,275	114,150	55,045	59,100
Internal migrants	89,980	43,165	46,815	94,885	45,015	49,860
Intraprovincial migrants	60,645	28,475	32,165	50,330	23,230	27,095
Interprovincial migrants	29,335	14,685	14,650	44,555	21,785	22,770
External migrants	11,510	6,050	5,455	19,270	10,035	9,240

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 40 referrer

Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 41 referrer

Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 42 referrer

Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. New Brunswick [Province] and Nova Scotia [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 15, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
New Brunswick [Province] and Nova Scotia [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
New Brunswick [Province] and Nova Scotia [Province]