Census Profile, 2016 Census
New Brunswick [Province] and Ontario [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	New Brunswick [Province]			Ontario [Province]
	Data quality , New Brunswick [Province] Map : New Brunswick [Province] Change geography 1			Data quality : Ontario [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	747,101	...	...	13,448,494	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	751,171	...	...	12,851,821	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	-0.5	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	359,721	...	...	5,598,391	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	319,773	...	...	5,169,174	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	10.5	...	...	14.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	71,388.81	...	...	908,699.33	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	747,105	365,355	381,745	13,448,495	6,559,390	6,889,105
0 to 14 years	110,495	56,320	54,180	2,207,970	1,131,615	1,076,350
0 to 4 years	34,365	17,505	16,860	697,360	357,300	340,055
5 to 9 years	38,250	19,515	18,735	756,085	387,320	368,765
10 to 14 years	37,880	19,295	18,585	754,530	387,000	367,530
15 to 64 years	487,820	240,535	247,285	8,988,865	4,412,115	4,576,750
15 to 19 years	40,605	20,905	19,705	811,670	416,730	394,945
20 to 24 years	41,445	21,280	20,165	894,390	457,815	436,570
25 to 29 years	39,245	19,745	19,505	874,350	436,345	438,010
30 to 34 years	41,510	20,140	21,365	864,765	420,800	443,965
35 to 39 years	44,435	21,585	22,850	842,485	402,900	439,585
40 to 44 years	48,430	23,520	24,910	871,875	418,465	453,415
45 to 49 years	51,300	25,195	26,105	937,385	453,105	484,275
50 to 54 years	61,055	29,795	31,265	1,056,345	517,170	539,175
55 to 59 years	61,740	30,210	31,530	989,460	482,280	507,180
60 to 64 years	58,060	28,170	29,895	846,145	406,505	439,640
65 years and over	148,785	68,500	80,280	2,251,655	1,015,655	1,236,000
65 to 69 years	52,160	25,595	26,570	737,745	352,475	385,270
70 to 74 years	36,050	17,695	18,360	528,645	250,455	278,185
75 to 79 years	25,300	11,835	13,465	393,010	179,810	213,195
80 to 84 years	17,650	7,515	10,135	291,185	126,825	164,360
85 years and over	17,620	5,860	11,765	301,075	106,090	194,985
85 to 89 years	10,670	3,910	6,760	188,470	73,045	115,425
90 to 94 years	5,305	1,595	3,715	88,390	27,400	60,990
95 to 99 years	1,435	330	1,110	21,210	5,150	16,060
100 years and over	205	30	185	3,005	495	2,520
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.8	15.4	14.2	16.4	17.3	15.6
15 to 64 years	65.3	65.8	64.8	66.8	67.3	66.4
65 years and over	19.9	18.7	21.0	16.7	15.5	17.9
85 years and over	2.4	1.6	3.1	2.2	1.6	2.8
Average age of the population	43.6	42.7	44.5	41.0	40.0	41.9
Median age of the population	45.7	44.8	46.6	41.3	40.2	42.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	319,770	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Single-detached house	221,515	...	...	2,807,380	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	3,945	...	...	886,705	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	80,515	...	...	1,460,200	...	...
Semi-detached house	12,470	...	...	289,975	...	...
Row house	9,015	...	...	460,425	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	13,545	...	...	176,080	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	44,260	...	...	522,810	...	...
Other single-attached house	1,230	...	...	10,910	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	13,795	...	...	14,890	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	319,775	...	...	5,169,170	...	...
1 person	89,480	...	...	1,341,300	...	...
2 persons	126,820	...	...	1,693,525	...	...
3 persons	49,465	...	...	834,260	...	...
4 persons	37,625	...	...	796,320	...	...
5 or more persons	16,385	...	...	503,775	...	...
Number of persons in private households	730,705	...	...	13,242,160	...	...
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	636,605	309,040	327,570	11,240,525	5,427,775	5,812,750
Married or living common law	379,605	189,790	189,820	6,438,085	3,219,290	3,218,795
Married	302,020	151,100	150,925	5,531,930	2,764,275	2,767,655
Living common law	77,580	38,685	38,895	906,155	455,015	451,145
Not married and not living common law	257,000	119,250	137,745	4,802,440	2,208,485	2,593,955
Never married	158,070	85,640	72,430	3,182,785	1,689,180	1,493,605
Separated	21,290	9,530	11,760	328,675	138,140	190,535
Divorced	35,680	15,275	20,405	653,835	252,900	400,935
Widowed	41,965	8,805	33,160	637,150	128,265	508,880
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	222,865	...	...	3,782,540	...	...
2 persons	129,065	...	...	1,815,000	...	...
3 persons	47,015	...	...	844,545	...	...
4 persons	34,860	...	...	792,435	...	...
5 or more persons	11,920	...	...	330,560	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	222,865	...	...	3,782,545	...	...
Total couple families	186,680	...	...	3,137,570	...	...
Married couples	147,900	...	...	2,684,735	...	...
Common-law couples	38,780	...	...	452,840	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	36,185	...	...	644,975	...	...
Female parent	28,650	...	...	518,480	...	...
Male parent	7,530	...	...	126,495	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	186,675	...	...	3,137,565	...	...
Couples without children	105,625	...	...	1,428,575	...	...
Couples with children	81,060	...	...	1,708,995	...	...
1 child	37,440	...	...	658,305	...	...
2 children	32,380	...	...	738,710	...	...
3 or more children	11,235	...	...	311,975	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	36,185	...	...	644,975	...	...
1 child	23,440	...	...	386,425	...	...
2 children	9,570	...	...	186,240	...	...
3 or more children	3,170	...	...	72,310	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	128,775	61,010	67,770	2,139,825	990,525	1,149,300
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	319,770	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
One-census-family households	214,235	...	...	3,481,885	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	102,170	...	...	1,311,575	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	112,070	...	...	2,170,315	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	4,280	...	...	145,615	...	...
Non-census-family households	101,255	...	...	1,541,665	...	...
One-person households	89,480	...	...	1,341,305	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	11,775	...	...	200,365	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	736,280	360,440	375,840	13,312,865	6,503,875	6,808,990
English only	420,820	210,555	210,260	11,455,500	5,689,830	5,765,665
French only	63,140	29,955	33,190	40,040	17,340	22,705
English and French	249,950	118,705	131,245	1,490,390	665,850	824,540
Neither English nor French	2,370	1,220	1,150	326,935	130,850	196,085
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	736,280	360,440	375,845	13,312,865	6,503,880	6,808,995
English	498,365	244,230	254,135	12,394,325	6,095,970	6,298,355
French	232,450	113,500	118,945	504,130	236,875	267,250
English and French	3,210	1,550	1,655	92,940	42,910	50,030
Neither English nor French	2,255	1,150	1,100	321,480	128,125	193,355
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	234,055	114,280	119,775	550,600	258,330	292,270
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	31.8	31.7	31.9	4.1	4.0	4.3
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	736,280	360,440	375,845	13,312,870	6,503,875	6,808,990
Single responses	726,990	356,005	370,990	12,946,960	6,327,630	6,619,330
Official languages	703,840	344,285	359,555	9,393,040	4,637,520	4,755,520
English	472,725	231,595	241,135	8,902,320	4,406,210	4,496,110
French	231,110	112,690	118,415	490,715	231,310	259,410
Non-official languages	23,150	11,715	11,435	3,553,920	1,690,110	1,863,810
Aboriginal languages	2,165	1,035	1,135	22,765	10,815	11,950
Algonquian languages	2,130	1,020	1,110	21,235	10,175	11,060
Blackfoot	0	0	0	10	5	5
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	5	5	5,080	2,485	2,595
Atikamekw	0	0	0	5	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	5	5	5
Moose Cree	0	0	0	85	40	45
Naskapi	0	0	0	10	5	5
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	55	25	30
Plains Cree	0	0	0	35	5	30
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	5	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	355	135	225
Woods Cree	0	0	0	15	10	5
Cree, n.o.s.	0	5	0	4,500	2,255	2,245
Eastern Algonquian languages	2,115	1,010	1,105	90	40	50
Malecite	280	125	155	10	5	0
Mi'kmaq	1,835	885	950	85	35	50
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	5	5	16,025	7,620	8,400
Algonquin	0	0	0	65	30	35
Ojibway	5	5	0	9,505	4,515	4,985
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	6,310	3,015	3,300
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	145	65	80
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	30	20	10
Athabaskan languages	5	0	5	60	20	40
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	55	20	35
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	5	0	5
Chilcotin	0	0	0	5	0	5
Dene	0	0	0	20	10	10
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	5	5	5
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	10	0	5
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	5	0	5
Haida	0	0	0	0	5	0
Inuit languages	20	5	15	475	165	305
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	5	5	5
Inuktitut	15	5	10	425	145	280
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	45	20	25
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	710	300	410
Cayuga	0	0	0	40	20	20
Mohawk	0	0	0	590	255	335
Oneida	0	0	0	55	15	40
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	5	15
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	25	15	15
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Dakota	0	0	0	5	5	5
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Nisga'a	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	5	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	10	0	5	235	130	105
Non-Aboriginal languages	20,990	10,685	10,300	3,531,160	1,679,300	1,851,865
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,190	1,805	1,385	253,830	127,720	126,110
Berber languages	40	25	15	725	405	320
Kabyle	20	10	5	425	225	200
Berber languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	305	180	120
Cushitic languages	30	15	20	24,605	10,730	13,870
Bilen	0	0	0	250	140	110
Oromo	5	5	5	1,445	720	730
Somali	25	10	15	22,680	9,755	12,925
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	225	115	110
Semitic languages	3,110	1,760	1,355	227,985	116,320	111,665
Amharic	65	35	25	10,720	4,960	5,760
Arabic	2,855	1,615	1,235	171,370	88,400	82,965
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	0	14,555	7,135	7,420
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	4,795	2,365	2,425
Harari	0	0	0	1,030	485	545
Hebrew	170	90	80	11,575	6,220	5,350
Maltese	0	0	5	5,175	2,575	2,600
Tigrigna	20	15	10	7,345	3,470	3,870
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,435	705	730
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	520	265	250
Austro-Asiatic languages	635	305	330	78,125	35,880	42,240
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	10	7,355	3,330	4,020
Vietnamese	620	305	320	70,690	32,520	38,165
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	85	30	50
Austronesian languages	1,375	510	865	194,380	76,060	118,315
Bikol	5	0	5	595	260	330
Cebuano	105	35	65	6,545	2,500	4,045
Fijian	0	0	0	80	45	40
Hiligaynon	15	5	10	2,750	1,030	1,725
Ilocano	50	15	35	11,285	4,430	6,860
Malagasy	15	5	10	100	45	55
Malay	45	20	30	5,760	2,520	3,240
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0	5	1,505	670	840
Pangasinan	0	0	0	535	215	315
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,120	420	700	163,415	63,665	99,755
Waray-Waray	5	0	5	405	140	270
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	1,400	550	850
Creole languages	135	70	65	11,255	5,095	6,165
Haitian Creole	15	10	5	630	290	340
Creole, n.o.s.	80	30	50	8,025	3,580	4,440
Creole languages, n.i.e.	40	30	10	2,605	1,225	1,380
Dravidian languages	285	155	130	148,605	73,530	75,075
Kannada	20	15	10	2,670	1,365	1,305
Malayalam	40	15	20	17,140	8,795	8,350
Tamil	105	60	50	117,630	57,310	60,320
Telugu	110	60	45	10,820	5,895	4,925
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	340	165	175
Hmong-Mien languages	5	5	0	525	250	270
Indo-European languages	9,325	4,790	4,530	2,024,365	980,200	1,044,165
Albanian	50	25	25	19,045	9,535	9,510
Armenian	30	15	10	15,070	7,305	7,765
Balto-Slavic languages	1,740	865	875	410,725	188,695	222,025
Baltic languages	55	30	30	9,080	3,785	5,295
Latvian	25	10	10	3,910	1,650	2,260
Lithuanian	35	15	15	5,175	2,135	3,035
Slavic languages	1,685	835	850	401,645	184,915	216,730
Belarusan	5	5	0	515	230	280
Bosnian	50	25	25	6,370	3,125	3,245
Bulgarian	20	10	10	9,095	4,355	4,740
Croatian	75	35	40	31,875	15,460	16,410
Czech	55	25	25	10,670	4,930	5,740
Macedonian	15	10	5	15,635	7,470	8,165
Polish	230	105	125	121,075	54,675	66,405
Russian	880	440	435	101,100	45,630	55,470
Serbian	105	55	45	41,740	20,585	21,150
Serbo-Croatian	35	15	20	4,875	2,310	2,570
Slovak	25	15	15	10,280	4,710	5,565
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	10	10	6,740	2,995	3,745
Ukrainian	170	85	90	40,375	17,760	22,610
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,310	670	635
Celtic languages	30	5	20	1,110	505	605
Scottish Gaelic	15	5	10	450	210	240
Welsh	10	0	10	435	180	260
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	225	120	110
Germanic languages	2,875	1,415	1,465	200,640	94,475	106,165
Afrikaans	50	30	25	2,295	1,125	1,170
Danish	125	55	75	4,265	2,010	2,250
Dutch	885	470	410	51,720	24,875	26,840
Frisian	35	25	10	1,240	630	620
German	1,650	780	865	131,525	61,520	70,005
Icelandic	5	0	0	210	100	110
Norwegian	40	25	20	940	405	540
Swedish	50	15	35	2,395	1,040	1,350
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	10	10	2,150	925	1,225
Yiddish	10	5	5	3,735	1,765	1,970
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	170	80	85
Greek	145	100	50	55,415	27,305	28,110
Indo-Iranian languages	1,850	1,020	835	707,845	357,350	350,495
Indo-Aryan languages	1,175	655	525	565,600	285,720	279,875
Bengali	205	120	85	46,810	23,615	23,195
Gujarati	75	40	30	76,675	38,740	37,940
Hindi	225	135	95	58,735	29,805	28,930
Kashmiri	0	0	0	345	170	175
Konkani	10	5	5	2,510	1,195	1,315
Marathi	50	20	25	5,490	2,805	2,685
Nepali	180	90	90	7,870	3,915	3,960
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	5	715	380	335
Punjabi (Panjabi)	125	75	50	197,060	100,160	96,895
Sindhi	25	10	10	6,840	3,225	3,615
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	30	15	15	10,165	4,925	5,235
Urdu	240	140	100	152,385	76,795	75,595
Iranian languages	655	355	305	139,675	70,270	69,405
Kurdish	55	30	25	6,665	3,615	3,050
Pashto	25	15	10	10,950	5,630	5,315
Persian (Farsi)	580	310	270	122,070	61,025	61,040
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	2,565	1,350	1,215
Italic (Romance) languages	2,605	1,355	1,250	614,525	295,030	319,490
Catalan	5	5	0	285	150	135
Italian	400	225	175	231,040	112,440	118,600
Portuguese	260	130	130	150,000	72,280	77,715
Romanian	485	250	240	41,755	19,565	22,190
Spanish	1,460	755	705	191,025	90,390	100,630
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	420	200	215
Japanese	110	25	85	13,260	4,590	8,670
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	1,200	635	565
Georgian	0	0	0	1,200	635	565
Korean	1,550	800	750	69,775	32,035	37,740
Mongolic languages	5	5	0	405	180	220
Mongolian	5	5	5	405	180	225
Niger-Congo languages	700	385	315	35,760	16,705	19,050
Akan (Twi)	25	10	10	9,695	4,510	5,190
Bamanankan	60	35	25	140	60	80
Edo	0	0	0	1,140	475	670
Ewe	5	5	0	560	270	295
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	40	30	15	365	180	185
Ga	5	5	5	600	275	325
Ganda	10	0	0	760	360	400
Igbo	30	20	10	2,090	1,080	1,010
Lingala	25	15	15	850	365	485
Rundi (Kirundi)	45	25	20	1,430	640	785
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	40	20	20	1,330	545	785
Shona	20	10	10	1,455	660	790
Swahili	135	65	70	5,525	2,540	2,985
Wolof	25	20	10	290	145	150
Yoruba	30	15	20	4,365	2,260	2,105
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	195	105	85	5,155	2,345	2,810
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	0	1,610	810	800
Dinka	5	0	0	345	170	175
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	1,260	635	625
Sign languages	145	75	70	3,030	1,570	1,455
American Sign Language	40	20	30	1,305	640	670
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	20	10	15
Sign languages, n.i.e	95	55	45	1,700	925	780
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,115	1,570	1,545	611,795	284,865	326,935
Chinese languages	3,085	1,555	1,530	602,610	280,340	322,270
Cantonese	440	225	210	275,315	128,090	147,220
Hakka	20	10	10	6,985	3,140	3,840
Mandarin	2,250	1,105	1,150	283,735	132,275	151,460
Min Dong	0	5	0	855	405	450
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	35	15	15	13,545	6,240	7,300
Wu (Shanghainese)	100	45	55	6,300	2,825	3,470
Chinese, n.o.s.	240	150	85	15,645	7,235	8,410
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	240	120	120
Tibeto-Burman languages	30	15	15	9,185	4,520	4,660
Burmese	0	0	5	1,640	775	865
Karenic languages	25	15	10	1,730	865	860
Tibetan	0	0	0	5,115	2,530	2,585
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	700	345	350
Tai-Kadai languages	60	15	50	8,485	3,535	4,945
Lao	5	0	0	5,190	2,480	2,710
Thai	55	10	45	3,270	1,045	2,220
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	25	10	15
Turkic languages	105	60	45	22,615	11,745	10,870
Azerbaijani	5	5	5	1,990	1,070	920
Turkish	75	50	30	18,415	9,610	8,810
Uyghur	0	0	0	515	255	260
Uzbek	10	5	5	1,055	515	545
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	640	295	345
Uralic languages	250	115	135	50,670	23,095	27,570
Estonian	20	5	10	4,205	1,810	2,400
Finnish	45	15	30	9,720	4,140	5,580
Hungarian	185	90	95	36,740	17,150	19,590
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	1,475	780	690
Multiple responses	9,290	4,440	4,855	365,910	176,250	189,660
English and French	7,285	3,470	3,815	54,045	25,165	28,880
English and non-official language	1,535	725	810	288,285	140,345	147,940
French and non-official language	330	175	155	12,565	5,735	6,830
English, French and non-official language	145	65	75	11,010	5,000	6,005
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	736,280	360,435	375,845	13,312,865	6,503,875	6,808,990
Single responses	724,940	355,025	369,910	12,522,045	6,123,955	6,398,085
Official languages	712,250	348,510	363,740	10,605,725	5,214,425	5,391,300
English	505,935	247,610	258,325	10,328,680	5,084,885	5,243,800
French	206,315	100,900	105,415	277,045	129,540	147,500
Non-official languages	12,690	6,515	6,175	1,916,315	909,530	1,006,780
Aboriginal languages	820	400	420	9,210	4,600	4,610
Algonquian languages	820	395	420	8,685	4,370	4,320
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	5	0	2,370	1,205	1,165
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	5	5	5
Moose Cree	0	0	0	10	10	5
Naskapi	0	0	0	10	5	5
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	20	10	15
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	105	50	55
Woods Cree	0	0	0	5	5	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	5	0	2,220	1,135	1,085
Eastern Algonquian languages	815	395	420	5	5	5
Malecite	50	25	25	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	765	370	395	5	5	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	6,305	3,155	3,145
Algonquin	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	3,315	1,695	1,620
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	2,905	1,420	1,490
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	75	40	35
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	20	10	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	5	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	5	0	5
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Gwich'in	0	0	0	5	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	5	5	0	160	60	90
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Inuktitut	5	0	0	140	60	80
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	10
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	210	90	120
Cayuga	0	0	0	5	5	5
Mohawk	0	0	0	185	80	100
Oneida	0	0	0	20	5	10
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	5	0	0	5	5	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Dakota	0	0	0	5	5	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	120	55	65
Non-Aboriginal languages	11,870	6,115	5,750	1,907,105	904,930	1,002,170
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,285	1,210	1,075	138,460	66,865	71,590
Berber languages	0	0	0	345	175	170
Kabyle	0	0	0	255	125	130
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	90	50	45
Cushitic languages	20	10	10	14,460	6,100	8,360
Bilen	0	0	0	170	80	85
Oromo	0	0	0	805	380	425
Somali	20	5	10	13,370	5,590	7,780
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	50	65
Semitic languages	2,265	1,200	1,065	123,410	60,475	62,940
Amharic	20	10	10	5,625	2,540	3,085
Arabic	2,110	1,125	990	94,195	46,505	47,695
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	9,515	4,595	4,920
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	2,915	1,410	1,500
Harari	0	0	0	555	250	305
Hebrew	130	60	70	4,850	2,505	2,345
Maltese	0	0	5	1,090	505	580
Tigrigna	5	0	5	3,920	1,805	2,115
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	755	360	395
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	245	115	125
Austro-Asiatic languages	525	255	270	50,245	23,105	27,140
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	5	0	3,770	1,650	2,120
Vietnamese	520	250	270	46,435	21,435	25,000
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	40	20	20
Austronesian languages	510	235	270	85,370	36,525	48,845
Bikol	0	0	0	90	35	55
Cebuano	40	15	25	2,325	1,020	1,315
Fijian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	910	385	530
Ilocano	0	0	0	4,100	1,780	2,320
Malagasy	5	0	5	35	15	20
Malay	15	0	5	1,810	860	945
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	445	200	250
Pangasinan	0	0	0	90	40	50
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	450	215	235	75,070	31,965	43,105
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	90	35	55
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	380	175	200
Creole languages	65	25	35	5,325	2,355	2,970
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	355	165	190
Creole, n.o.s.	20	0	15	3,995	1,735	2,255
Creole languages, n.i.e.	45	20	20	975	455	520
Dravidian languages	110	60	45	96,250	46,575	49,680
Kannada	5	0	0	1,060	540	520
Malayalam	20	5	10	8,760	4,460	4,295
Tamil	35	20	20	80,600	38,460	42,140
Telugu	45	30	15	5,705	3,050	2,655
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	125	55	70
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	200	95	105
Indo-European languages	4,160	2,175	1,990	978,300	469,640	508,670
Albanian	30	15	10	9,190	4,580	4,605
Armenian	20	5	10	8,630	4,065	4,560
Balto-Slavic languages	975	505	470	192,945	90,585	102,365
Baltic languages	35	20	15	2,305	950	1,355
Latvian	10	5	5	860	350	515
Lithuanian	25	15	10	1,440	600	840
Slavic languages	935	480	455	190,645	89,635	101,005
Belarusan	0	0	0	175	80	90
Bosnian	25	15	10	3,220	1,595	1,620
Bulgarian	5	5	0	4,830	2,350	2,480
Croatian	25	10	15	11,125	5,275	5,855
Czech	5	0	5	3,070	1,480	1,595
Macedonian	0	0	0	6,255	2,965	3,285
Polish	55	25	30	52,555	24,510	28,045
Russian	620	320	305	63,570	29,655	33,920
Serbian	80	45	35	23,175	11,335	11,840
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	5	1,925	920	1,010
Slovak	5	5	5	3,520	1,680	1,845
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	1,465	645	815
Ukrainian	90	50	40	15,415	6,995	8,420
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	355	160	190
Celtic languages	10	0	5	120	65	55
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	5	60	30	25
Welsh	0	0	0	30	10	15
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	15
Germanic languages	640	320	320	44,515	21,630	22,880
Afrikaans	35	15	20	755	365	390
Danish	5	5	5	280	135	150
Dutch	150	80	75	4,450	2,145	2,305
Frisian	5	0	5	90	45	45
German	425	215	210	37,255	18,140	19,120
Icelandic	0	0	0	45	20	30
Norwegian	5	0	5	70	30	40
Swedish	5	0	5	385	190	190
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	5	145	60	85
Yiddish	0	0	0	370	190	185
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	655	315	340
Greek	45	25	25	21,700	10,160	11,535
Indo-Iranian languages	1,140	595	545	435,835	215,755	220,080
Indo-Aryan languages	655	335	325	344,050	171,125	172,920
Bengali	130	70	60	29,590	14,595	14,995
Gujarati	40	15	20	45,445	22,410	23,035
Hindi	115	60	50	28,960	14,485	14,475
Kashmiri	0	0	0	65	30	35
Konkani	5	5	0	540	260	280
Marathi	20	10	10	2,420	1,230	1,190
Nepali	135	60	75	5,640	2,815	2,820
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	325	160	165
Punjabi (Panjabi)	50	25	25	132,135	66,410	65,725
Sindhi	10	5	0	2,880	1,320	1,560
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	5	4,595	2,250	2,345
Urdu	140	75	70	91,450	45,160	46,295
Iranian languages	470	255	220	90,730	44,090	46,640
Kurdish	35	25	10	3,675	1,900	1,770
Pashto	15	5	5	6,750	3,360	3,395
Persian (Farsi)	425	225	195	80,305	38,830	41,475
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	1,050	540	515
Italic (Romance) languages	1,305	705	600	265,375	122,790	142,585
Catalan	5	5	0	135	60	75
Italian	85	40	45	72,960	31,195	41,770
Portuguese	110	50	60	67,415	32,065	35,355
Romanian	290	145	140	19,920	9,380	10,535
Spanish	820	470	350	104,820	50,035	54,785
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	50	60
Japanese	20	10	15	6,040	2,590	3,450
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	770	420	355
Georgian	0	0	0	775	420	355
Korean	1,245	645	605	48,540	22,685	25,855
Mongolic languages	5	0	0	225	115	110
Mongolian	0	0	0	230	120	110
Niger-Congo languages	240	125	120	12,120	5,400	6,725
Akan (Twi)	10	5	10	4,415	1,915	2,495
Bamanankan	20	15	5	25	15	15
Edo	0	0	0	305	120	180
Ewe	0	0	0	135	60	80
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	10	5	110	55	55
Ga	5	0	0	175	80	100
Ganda	0	0	0	195	85	110
Igbo	5	5	0	540	265	275
Lingala	10	5	5	225	100	130
Rundi (Kirundi)	20	15	10	475	230	240
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	5	420	160	260
Shona	5	0	5	455	210	245
Swahili	80	35	45	2,085	925	1,160
Wolof	5	5	0	130	65	65
Yoruba	5	5	5	1,300	625	675
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	50	25	25	1,120	500	625
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	550	260	290
Dinka	0	0	0	120	60	65
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	425	195	225
Sign languages	200	115	85	4,425	2,485	1,940
American Sign Language	55	30	25	1,605	830	770
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	25	15	15
Sign languages, n.i.e	150	90	60	2,795	1,640	1,150
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,390	1,210	1,175	448,200	210,560	237,640
Chinese languages	2,365	1,195	1,170	441,615	207,305	234,310
Cantonese	260	130	130	198,745	91,545	107,200
Hakka	5	0	0	2,870	1,305	1,575
Mandarin	1,855	930	920	220,535	105,360	115,175
Min Dong	0	0	0	265	115	145
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	10	5	5,775	2,635	3,140
Wu (Shanghainese)	85	40	45	3,690	1,735	1,955
Chinese, n.o.s.	140	80	55	9,630	4,565	5,070
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	100	45	55
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	15	10	6,580	3,250	3,330
Burmese	5	0	0	1,010	480	530
Karenic languages	20	10	10	1,360	685	675
Tibetan	0	0	0	3,875	1,925	1,945
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	335	165	170
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	5	3,865	1,845	2,020
Lao	0	0	0	2,535	1,220	1,315
Thai	10	5	5	1,315	615	695
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	10	5	10
Turkic languages	30	15	10	12,435	6,200	6,230
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	770	385	380
Turkish	25	15	5	10,545	5,245	5,300
Uyghur	0	0	0	290	150	140
Uzbek	0	0	0	585	290	295
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	250	130	120
Uralic languages	70	35	40	15,330	6,990	8,340
Estonian	5	0	0	790	290	500
Finnish	5	5	5	1,835	780	1,050
Hungarian	55	30	30	12,700	5,915	6,790
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	465	245	225
Multiple responses	11,345	5,415	5,925	790,825	379,925	410,905
English and French	7,275	3,370	3,905	45,655	20,895	24,755
English and non-official language	3,435	1,715	1,720	719,595	347,730	371,865
French and non-official language	340	185	160	6,725	2,930	3,795
English, French and non-official language	290	140	145	18,855	8,365	10,490
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	736,280	360,435	375,845	13,312,865	6,503,875	6,808,990
None	647,960	318,560	329,400	11,071,665	5,436,665	5,635,000
English	49,925	24,065	25,855	896,170	437,015	459,155
French	30,030	13,760	16,275	243,970	108,390	135,580
Non-official language	7,545	3,650	3,895	1,056,960	501,315	555,645
Aboriginal	1,300	625	685	14,315	6,580	7,735
Non-Aboriginal	6,240	3,030	3,210	1,042,645	494,735	547,910
English and French	180	90	90	8,150	3,755	4,395
English and non-official language	300	160	145	19,105	9,370	9,735
French and non-official language	335	155	185	16,435	7,165	9,270
English, French and non-official language	10	5	5	415	205	215
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	620,390	301,645	318,745	11,038,440	5,342,850	5,695,590
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	594,705	289,220	305,485	10,556,935	5,115,460	5,441,475
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,961	37,516	25,796	33,539	39,889	28,676
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	594,920	289,245	305,680	10,559,805	5,115,825	5,443,975
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,107	33,169	23,945	30,641	35,753	26,585
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	516,780	259,945	256,835	9,391,800	4,650,130	4,741,675
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,444	34,830	23,278	32,871	39,831	27,012
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	439,645	193,975	245,675	7,632,575	3,402,810	4,229,770
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,164	9,210	7,321	4,206	2,034	5,463
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	423,915	219,135	204,780	7,790,680	3,998,335	3,792,350
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,124	34,784	24,769	33,946	39,490	29,413
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	620,395	301,650	318,745	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	594,650	289,140	305,510	10,556,925	5,114,340	5,442,580
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,141	46,154	32,504	47,915	56,780	39,585
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	594,870	289,165	305,700	10,559,935	5,114,725	5,445,210
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,022	38,151	28,171	39,318	45,443	33,564
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	516,685	259,855	256,830	9,391,645	4,649,230	4,742,415
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,432	44,240	30,543	47,890	57,511	38,459
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	440,195	194,240	245,955	7,632,220	3,402,745	4,229,475
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,938	9,519	8,480	7,346	6,763	7,815
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	423,915	218,800	205,110	7,790,680	3,995,700	3,794,985
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,611	43,456	31,376	47,369	55,263	39,057
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	620,390	301,645	318,745	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	197,290	104,215	93,075	3,737,385	2,082,480	1,654,900
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	46,349	52,010	41,058	55,121	60,345	49,713
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	54,011	60,796	46,415	68,628	76,536	58,676
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	83.2	86.2	79.0	88.9	92.1	84.7
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	68.5	71.3	64.7	72.9	76.0	68.7
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	16.8	13.8	21.0	11.1	7.9	15.3
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	620,390	301,650	318,745	11,038,440	5,342,850	5,695,590
Without total income	25,680	12,430	13,260	481,500	227,390	254,115
With total income	594,710	289,220	305,490	10,556,940	5,115,460	5,441,475
Percentage with total income	95.9	95.9	95.8	95.6	95.7	95.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	80,700	32,655	48,050	1,615,790	711,105	904,685
$10,000 to $19,999	109,015	40,415	68,600	1,829,355	742,710	1,086,645
$20,000 to $29,999	99,025	40,480	58,540	1,410,760	589,975	820,785
$30,000 to $39,999	83,770	41,360	42,405	1,147,510	519,550	627,955
$40,000 to $49,999	65,795	35,080	30,715	1,021,880	489,595	532,285
$50,000 to $59,999	44,810	26,560	18,250	809,115	415,950	393,165
$60,000 to $69,999	32,185	20,270	11,920	630,635	348,525	282,110
$70,000 to $79,999	24,565	14,130	10,430	479,890	277,725	202,165
$80,000 to $89,999	17,095	9,915	7,180	378,185	222,095	156,095
$90,000 to $99,999	10,240	6,980	3,260	324,810	181,815	142,995
$100,000 and over	27,515	21,380	6,135	909,005	616,420	292,585
$100,000 to $149,999	19,765	15,195	4,570	600,995	394,410	206,590
$150,000 and over	7,750	6,185	1,565	308,010	222,010	86,000
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	620,390	301,645	318,750	11,038,440	5,342,850	5,695,590
Without after-tax income	25,470	12,405	13,070	478,635	227,025	251,610
With after-tax income	594,920	289,240	305,680	10,559,805	5,115,825	5,443,980
Percentage with after-tax income	95.9	95.9	95.9	95.7	95.8	95.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	83,590	33,140	50,455	1,659,280	722,040	937,235
$10,000 to $19,999	115,730	43,245	72,485	1,906,875	777,330	1,129,540
$20,000 to $29,999	118,940	51,335	67,610	1,623,230	690,290	932,940
$30,000 to $39,999	98,230	50,770	47,460	1,377,100	642,645	734,450
$40,000 to $49,999	67,470	38,665	28,810	1,166,040	585,490	580,555
$50,000 to $59,999	42,775	26,495	16,280	845,305	464,610	380,700
$60,000 to $69,999	28,790	16,435	12,355	604,005	354,015	249,985
$70,000 to $79,999	14,945	10,205	4,740	465,485	268,140	197,345
$80,000 and over	24,450	18,955	5,500	912,490	611,260	301,230
$80,000 to $89,999	8,385	6,340	2,040	299,315	183,410	115,905
$90,000 to $99,999	5,060	3,970	1,090	174,110	116,330	57,785
$100,000 and over	11,005	8,640	2,365	439,070	311,525	127,540
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	620,390	301,645	318,745	11,038,440	5,342,850	5,695,590
Without employment income	196,475	82,515	113,965	3,247,760	1,344,515	1,903,245
With employment income	423,910	219,140	204,775	7,790,680	3,998,335	3,792,350
Percentage with employment income	68.3	72.6	64.2	70.6	74.8	66.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	54,590	26,540	28,045	1,094,860	546,920	547,940
$5,000 to $9,999	36,840	15,720	21,120	635,305	281,135	354,165
$10,000 to $19,999	65,895	29,920	35,975	1,027,910	464,445	563,465
$20,000 to $29,999	59,240	25,955	33,280	827,805	372,185	455,625
$30,000 to $39,999	50,190	24,930	25,260	767,840	351,925	415,910
$40,000 to $49,999	42,140	22,160	19,980	709,775	341,320	368,450
$50,000 to $59,999	29,910	18,180	11,730	588,220	310,155	278,065
$60,000 to $69,999	23,390	14,620	8,770	465,670	263,430	202,240
$70,000 to $79,999	19,515	10,565	8,950	369,085	218,570	150,515
$80,000 and over	42,210	30,540	11,665	1,304,210	848,245	455,970
$80,000 to $89,999	13,190	7,840	5,345	307,660	182,660	125,005
$90,000 to $99,999	8,105	5,685	2,420	280,530	156,440	124,090
$100,000 and over	20,915	17,015	3,895	716,015	509,140	206,875
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	319,770	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	59,347	...	...	74,287	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	52,553	...	...	65,285	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	89,480	...	...	1,341,300	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	28,747	...	...	36,900	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	26,387	...	...	33,219	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	230,290	...	...	3,827,875	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	74,207	...	...	90,967	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	65,063	...	...	79,528	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	319,775	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	72,786	...	...	97,856	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	61,431	...	...	80,322	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	89,455	...	...	1,341,115	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	36,505	...	...	49,571	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,242	...	...	40,830	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	230,320	...	...	3,828,060	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	86,878	...	...	114,773	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	73,156	...	...	94,157	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	319,775	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Under $5,000	3,940	...	...	86,720	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	7,800	...	...	70,245	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	6,835	...	...	134,395	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	17,765	...	...	185,245	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	16,400	...	...	200,770	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	16,335	...	...	189,450	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	17,830	...	...	202,580	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	16,875	...	...	207,180	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	15,365	...	...	206,605	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	14,845	...	...	202,015	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	27,735	...	...	388,820	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	25,205	...	...	363,580	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	22,750	...	...	335,770	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	19,415	...	...	309,105	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	16,030	...	...	282,740	...	...
$100,000 and over	74,655	...	...	1,803,955	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	29,535	...	...	560,090	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	18,605	...	...	394,570	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	17,050	...	...	449,885	...	...
$200,000 and over	9,460	...	...	399,410	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	319,770	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Under $5,000	4,090	...	...	92,220	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	7,880	...	...	71,480	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	6,980	...	...	136,550	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	18,630	...	...	192,920	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	18,705	...	...	222,605	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	18,580	...	...	211,440	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	20,540	...	...	232,755	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	19,550	...	...	244,335	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	18,165	...	...	247,645	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	17,920	...	...	241,965	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	32,930	...	...	463,170	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	29,175	...	...	422,695	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	23,970	...	...	388,720	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	19,330	...	...	342,330	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	15,105	...	...	290,720	...	...
$100,000 and over	48,225	...	...	1,367,630	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	25,135	...	...	539,915	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	11,980	...	...	334,420	...	...
$150,000 and over	11,110	...	...	493,295	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	221,680	...	...	3,689,580	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	74,353	...	...	91,089	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	65,100	...	...	79,531	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	99,865	...	...	1,280,890	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	67,988	...	...	81,459	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	59,801	...	...	71,237	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	82,260	...	...	1,716,115	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	100,315	...	...	115,381	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	85,717	...	...	99,205	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.8	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	33,580	...	...	584,180	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	42,992	...	...	54,363	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	40,671	...	...	50,317	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	221,740	...	...	3,689,080	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	87,048	...	...	115,328	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	73,197	...	...	94,410	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	99,840	...	...	1,280,580	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	79,085	...	...	104,425	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	66,576	...	...	84,952	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	82,415	...	...	1,717,295	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	111,901	...	...	140,590	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	92,699	...	...	114,144	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	33,455	...	...	581,945	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	51,119	...	...	67,748	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	45,687	...	...	58,742	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	114,825	54,970	59,850	1,818,815	867,175	951,640
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	27,250	30,122	25,182	32,097	33,925	30,753
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	25,167	27,154	23,916	29,417	30,678	28,442
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	114,375	54,300	60,075	1,814,575	864,020	950,555
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	34,738	37,330	32,395	44,298	46,765	42,057
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	29,845	31,431	28,411	36,874	38,228	35,644
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	730,710	357,860	372,850	13,242,160	6,472,205	6,769,955
In the bottom half of the distribution	428,180	204,170	224,005	6,335,170	3,016,275	3,318,895
In the bottom decile	80,120	37,430	42,695	1,346,645	651,310	695,335
In the second decile	94,165	42,190	51,980	1,280,675	581,380	699,290
In the third decile	87,075	41,905	45,170	1,237,415	583,840	653,575
In the fourth decile	85,610	42,275	43,335	1,223,510	589,740	633,770
In the fifth decile	81,200	40,375	40,825	1,246,925	610,000	636,930
In the top half of the distribution	302,530	153,685	148,845	6,906,990	3,455,930	3,451,060
In the sixth decile	77,345	38,915	38,425	1,279,095	629,635	649,465
In the seventh decile	73,185	37,190	36,005	1,321,220	655,840	665,375
In the eighth decile	65,090	32,815	32,275	1,382,795	691,630	691,165
In the ninth decile	52,050	26,635	25,410	1,464,415	736,030	728,385
In the top decile	34,860	18,130	16,730	1,459,465	742,795	716,670
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	722,550	353,870	368,680	13,184,055	6,442,930	6,741,130
0 to 17 years	131,930	67,285	64,645	2,656,535	1,361,905	1,294,630
0 to 5 years	40,900	20,805	20,100	835,000	428,025	406,975
18 to 64 years	452,805	221,675	231,130	8,418,960	4,110,615	4,308,345
65 years and over	137,820	64,915	72,905	2,108,560	970,405	1,138,155
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	123,820	55,990	67,825	1,898,975	886,530	1,012,445
0 to 17 years	29,250	14,930	14,320	489,905	251,830	238,080
0 to 5 years	10,285	5,260	5,030	165,140	84,825	80,310
18 to 64 years	66,745	29,975	36,770	1,155,315	538,535	616,780
65 years and over	27,830	11,090	16,745	253,755	96,170	157,585
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	17.1	15.8	18.4	14.4	13.8	15.0
0 to 17 years (%)	22.2	22.2	22.2	18.4	18.5	18.4
0 to 5 years (%)	25.1	25.3	25.0	19.8	19.8	19.7
18 to 64 years (%)	14.7	13.5	15.9	13.7	13.1	14.3
65 years and over (%)	20.2	17.1	23.0	12.0	9.9	13.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	49,830	24,165	25,660	1,298,590	627,935	670,650
0 to 17 years	11,520	5,890	5,630	304,390	156,575	147,815
0 to 5 years	4,200	2,145	2,055	102,750	52,810	49,935
18 to 64 years	35,680	17,255	18,425	887,640	430,545	457,095
65 years and over	2,630	1,025	1,605	106,555	40,815	65,740
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.9	6.8	7.0	9.8	9.7	9.9
0 to 17 years (%)	8.7	8.8	8.7	11.5	11.5	11.4
0 to 5 years (%)	10.3	10.3	10.2	12.3	12.3	12.3
18 to 64 years (%)	7.9	7.8	8.0	10.5	10.5	10.6
65 years and over (%)	1.9	1.6	2.2	5.1	4.2	5.8
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	730,710	357,855	372,850	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,925
Official languages	728,310	356,615	371,690	12,918,075	6,342,930	6,575,145
English	666,315	326,905	339,415	12,879,045	6,326,225	6,552,825
French	310,550	147,845	162,705	1,521,020	677,505	843,510
Non-official languages	34,880	17,355	17,525	4,431,270	2,115,510	2,315,760
Aboriginal languages	3,065	1,470	1,595	33,855	15,815	18,035
Algonquian languages	2,990	1,455	1,540	30,630	14,505	16,125
Blackfoot	0	0	0	15	15	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	0	10	6,560	3,160	3,395
Atikamekw	0	0	0	10	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Moose Cree	0	0	0	145	70	75
Naskapi	0	0	0	25	10	10
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	65	25	45
Plains Cree	0	0	0	105	50	50
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	10	605	255	350
Woods Cree	0	0	0	45	25	25
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5,620	2,760	2,865
Eastern Algonquian languages	2,965	1,435	1,530	180	95	85
Malecite	720	335	385	20	20	0
Mi'kmaq	2,265	1,115	1,150	160	75	85
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	15	0	23,980	11,285	12,690
Algonquin	0	10	0	205	95	105
Ojibway	10	10	0	16,220	7,600	8,630
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	7,515	3,585	3,935
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	200	105	100
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	40	50
Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	85	25	65
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	80	25	55
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	10	0	10
Chilcotin	0	0	0	10	0	10
Dene	0	0	0	45	20	30
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Gwich'in	0	0	0	10	0	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	10
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	55	10	45	840	320	525
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Inuktitut	45	10	40	730	285	445
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	35	70
Iroquoian languages	10	0	10	1,940	810	1,125
Cayuga	0	0	0	120	35	85
Mohawk	10	0	10	1,625	710	915
Oneida	0	0	0	180	55	125
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	25	25
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	10	10	0	180	65	110
Salish languages	0	10	0	10	0	10
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	10	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Siouan languages	0	0	0	40	10	30
Dakota	0	0	0	20	10	10
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	0	15
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	10
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	210	100	110
Non-Aboriginal languages	31,865	15,915	15,955	4,397,690	2,099,820	2,297,865
Afro-Asiatic languages	4,355	2,385	1,980	362,645	183,050	179,595
Berber languages	80	40	35	925	505	415
Kabyle	40	20	15	530	280	255
Berber languages, n.i.e.	40	25	20	390	225	165
Cushitic languages	15	10	0	34,160	15,155	19,000
Bilen	0	0	0	355	200	160
Oromo	0	0	0	2,075	905	1,175
Somali	10	10	0	31,535	13,925	17,610
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	370	170	205
Semitic languages	4,300	2,340	1,960	330,315	168,750	161,570
Amharic	165	100	65	16,010	7,565	8,445
Arabic	3,685	2,030	1,660	246,015	127,015	119,000
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	17,825	8,775	9,050
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	6,185	3,045	3,140
Harari	0	0	0	1,310	660	645
Hebrew	435	205	230	43,255	22,165	21,090
Maltese	0	10	0	7,020	3,455	3,570
Tigrigna	50	25	25	9,385	4,320	5,065
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,985	1,010	975
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	1,125	535	590
Austro-Asiatic languages	835	430	400	99,830	46,210	53,620
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	0	10,045	4,490	5,550
Vietnamese	820	435	390	90,265	41,965	48,300
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	60	10	50
Austronesian languages	1,790	695	1,090	249,435	98,295	151,150
Bikol	10	0	10	755	340	425
Cebuano	185	70	115	9,475	3,650	5,830
Fijian	0	0	0	110	40	65
Hiligaynon	35	10	30	3,110	1,205	1,910
Ilocano	50	10	45	15,235	5,940	9,295
Malagasy	25	10	15	215	115	100
Malay	75	20	55	9,780	4,500	5,280
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	1,935	855	1,080
Pangasinan	0	0	0	565	245	320
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,595	625	970	232,935	91,110	141,820
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	410	125	285
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	15	0	1,785	755	1,030
Creole languages	430	195	235	30,260	13,525	16,735
Haitian Creole	50	20	30	1,430	605	830
Creole, n.o.s.	240	105	135	19,375	8,480	10,895
Creole languages, n.i.e.	140	75	65	9,685	4,525	5,155
Dravidian languages	435	245	195	196,315	97,975	98,335
Kannada	60	30	25	5,775	2,930	2,845
Malayalam	55	35	25	22,880	11,535	11,345
Tamil	190	115	75	157,700	77,975	79,730
Telugu	175	90	85	16,315	8,925	7,390
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	495	250	240
Hmong-Mien languages	10	10	0	545	265	280
Indo-European languages	16,505	8,155	8,350	2,608,060	1,265,535	1,342,525
Albanian	80	45	35	22,375	11,180	11,195
Armenian	60	35	25	18,435	8,860	9,575
Balto-Slavic languages	2,065	1,100	965	473,565	221,450	252,120
Baltic languages	55	40	20	10,545	4,495	6,050
Latvian	20	10	10	4,675	2,070	2,610
Lithuanian	30	20	10	5,875	2,430	3,445
Slavic languages	2,025	1,070	955	465,170	217,885	247,285
Belarusan	10	0	0	1,360	680	680
Bosnian	75	40	40	9,915	4,905	5,010
Bulgarian	45	15	35	10,410	5,060	5,350
Croatian	95	45	55	46,580	22,880	23,700
Czech	115	65	45	14,045	6,615	7,430
Macedonian	35	25	10	21,505	10,365	11,140
Polish	320	165	160	142,985	65,415	77,575
Russian	1,200	630	570	138,735	64,355	74,380
Serbian	90	70	20	53,250	26,725	26,525
Serbo-Croatian	40	30	10	5,815	2,845	2,965
Slovak	45	15	30	12,035	5,550	6,490
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	10	0	7,935	3,550	4,390
Ukrainian	310	145	165	54,615	24,125	30,490
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	1,750	935	815
Celtic languages	140	40	100	3,800	1,880	1,920
Scottish Gaelic	95	20	75	1,480	720	765
Welsh	10	0	10	685	300	390
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	1,650	870	785
Germanic languages	4,745	2,360	2,380	274,305	130,610	143,700
Afrikaans	130	70	60	7,360	3,625	3,735
Danish	155	60	95	5,440	2,455	2,980
Dutch	1,185	560	625	63,410	29,875	33,535
Frisian	50	40	15	1,655	820	835
German	3,260	1,675	1,580	189,035	90,730	98,305
Icelandic	10	10	0	285	130	155
Norwegian	130	65	65	2,140	975	1,165
Swedish	110	45	60	5,125	2,345	2,785
Vlaams (Flemish)	40	20	25	2,275	1,050	1,225
Yiddish	20	20	0	7,175	3,535	3,640
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	3,290	1,645	1,645
Greek	220	125	95	80,690	40,105	40,590
Indo-Iranian languages	2,325	1,275	1,050	915,765	463,175	452,585
Indo-Aryan languages	1,570	875	695	759,390	384,940	374,450
Bengali	225	150	80	59,685	30,420	29,265
Gujarati	110	45	65	103,890	52,380	51,510
Hindi	790	430	355	250,095	127,765	122,335
Kashmiri	0	0	0	600	300	300
Konkani	0	0	0	5,490	2,515	2,975
Marathi	55	20	30	10,360	5,380	4,980
Nepali	185	90	95	10,245	5,115	5,135
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	1,090	515	570
Punjabi (Panjabi)	205	130	75	282,065	145,050	137,015
Sindhi	0	0	0	11,515	5,385	6,130
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	35	10	20	18,555	9,230	9,330
Urdu	355	215	140	231,500	117,305	114,190
Iranian languages	805	430	375	163,490	81,710	81,785
Kurdish	130	65	60	8,795	4,755	4,040
Pashto	60	45	20	15,315	8,145	7,170
Persian (Farsi)	620	330	285	145,465	72,275	73,190
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	4,665	2,495	2,175
Italic (Romance) languages	7,600	3,540	4,055	880,330	418,225	462,105
Catalan	15	10	0	515	275	240
Italian	825	405	420	333,645	161,190	172,455
Portuguese	450	250	200	193,520	93,885	99,635
Romanian	555	290	265	49,635	23,205	26,430
Spanish	6,065	2,775	3,290	337,615	156,040	181,580
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	1,355	745	605
Japanese	430	190	240	25,675	11,535	14,140
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	1,555	775	780
Georgian	0	0	0	1,555	770	785
Korean	1,695	860	835	79,175	36,930	42,245
Mongolic languages	10	10	10	515	225	285
Mongolian	15	10	10	515	225	285
Niger-Congo languages	1,525	890	640	70,570	33,620	36,945
Akan (Twi)	35	15	25	15,950	7,520	8,435
Bamanankan	155	70	85	385	195	185
Edo	0	0	0	2,130	930	1,195
Ewe	0	0	0	880	435	445
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	100	85	15	700	320	375
Ga	10	10	0	1,340	645	695
Ganda	10	10	0	1,225	550	675
Igbo	60	50	15	4,025	2,105	1,920
Lingala	125	95	35	4,885	2,165	2,720
Rundi (Kirundi)	90	55	35	2,555	1,080	1,475
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	70	40	30	2,220	885	1,330
Shona	40	15	25	2,350	1,055	1,300
Swahili	355	185	170	16,750	8,110	8,640
Wolof	70	45	25	730	355	375
Yoruba	60	45	20	10,495	5,345	5,150
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	545	315	230	11,210	5,255	5,950
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	0	0	2,025	1,020	1,010
Dinka	0	0	0	415	220	200
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,615	805	810
Sign languages	1,155	450	705	18,865	7,645	11,220
American Sign Language	425	150	280	10,220	3,695	6,525
Quebec Sign Language	15	10	0	235	60	180
Sign languages, n.i.e.	745	305	435	8,690	4,005	4,680
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,585	1,885	1,700	689,145	324,575	364,565
Chinese languages	3,510	1,855	1,660	679,170	319,635	359,530
Cantonese	610	285	320	341,875	159,280	182,600
Hakka	0	0	0	7,865	3,445	4,420
Mandarin	2,760	1,455	1,310	385,395	179,890	205,510
Min Dong	0	0	0	810	330	480
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	60	30	30	16,980	7,650	9,330
Wu (Shanghainese)	140	65	75	8,305	3,860	4,440
Chinese, n.o.s.	310	195	115	16,455	7,710	8,745
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	40	10	30	185	95	90
Tibeto-Burman languages	70	30	40	10,460	5,200	5,260
Burmese	0	0	0	2,215	1,055	1,165
Karenic languages	65	25	45	1,820	905	920
Tibetan	0	0	0	5,695	2,845	2,850
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,245	645	605
Tai-Kadai languages	85	20	65	11,120	4,945	6,180
Lao	10	0	10	6,740	3,215	3,520
Thai	80	20	60	5,195	2,065	3,135
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	20
Turkic languages	175	105	75	33,335	17,310	16,025
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	3,260	1,710	1,550
Turkish	165	105	60	27,850	14,510	13,340
Uyghur	0	0	0	700	350	345
Uzbek	0	0	0	1,405	700	705
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	915	450	465
Uralic languages	270	130	140	58,370	27,060	31,310
Estonian	20	15	0	4,785	2,155	2,625
Finnish	35	15	20	11,145	4,865	6,280
Hungarian	220	105	115	42,545	20,070	22,480
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	100	70	30	3,675	1,950	1,725
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	730,710	357,855	372,855	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	710,775	347,905	362,875	12,223,065	5,987,360	6,235,705
Canadian citizens aged under 18	130,785	66,795	63,990	2,546,075	1,305,820	1,240,255
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	579,995	281,110	298,880	9,676,990	4,681,540	4,995,445
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	19,925	9,950	9,980	1,019,095	484,880	534,215
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	730,710	357,855	372,850	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	692,535	339,090	353,445	9,188,815	4,555,270	4,633,545
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	33,810	16,175	17,640	3,852,145	1,814,665	2,037,480
Before 1981	11,545	5,265	6,275	1,077,745	507,500	570,240
1981 to 1990	2,735	1,340	1,390	513,995	246,235	267,755
1991 to 2000	2,975	1,490	1,490	834,510	390,315	444,195
2001 to 2010	7,235	3,530	3,710	953,730	446,895	506,835
2001 to 2005	2,435	1,110	1,330	490,560	230,950	259,610
2006 to 2010	4,800	2,415	2,385	463,170	215,945	247,225
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	9,330	4,560	4,770	472,170	223,715	248,450
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	4,360	2,590	1,770	201,200	102,305	98,895
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	33,815	16,175	17,635	3,852,145	1,814,665	2,037,485
Under 5 years	5,135	2,350	2,790	369,955	184,255	185,705
5 to 14 years	7,290	3,585	3,705	685,085	345,865	339,225
15 to 24 years	5,790	2,525	3,265	855,475	381,025	474,450
25 to 44 years	12,640	6,100	6,535	1,579,500	741,340	838,160
45 years and over	2,955	1,615	1,340	362,130	162,180	199,945
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	33,815	16,175	17,635	3,852,145	1,814,665	2,037,480
Americas	9,420	4,205	5,210	598,950	265,930	333,025
Brazil	55	20	30	14,705	6,700	8,010
Colombia	215	85	130	28,815	13,085	15,730
El Salvador	115	85	30	20,920	10,165	10,750
Guyana	80	40	45	79,745	35,325	44,420
Haiti	170	70	100	10,195	4,410	5,785
Jamaica	120	85	40	119,840	51,320	68,525
Mexico	160	50	110	30,075	13,895	16,185
Peru	60	35	25	10,550	4,660	5,895
Trinidad and Tobago	115	70	40	52,810	23,515	29,300
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	7,620	3,315	4,305	109,005	47,170	61,830
Other places of birth in Americas	715	355	360	122,280	55,685	66,600
Europe	10,985	5,335	5,650	1,144,295	546,250	598,050
Bosnia and Herzegovina	100	55	50	21,300	10,655	10,645
Croatia	60	35	25	27,330	13,495	13,835
France	760	425	340	13,385	6,310	7,070
Germany	1,615	740	880	63,460	29,685	33,775
Greece	95	60	40	36,575	18,225	18,350
Hungary	100	35	65	22,085	10,495	11,590
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	160	75	85	15,275	7,415	7,860
Italy	210	125	85	157,815	78,510	79,305
Netherlands	975	505	465	47,400	23,910	23,490
Poland	195	90	100	96,000	43,155	52,845
Portugal	130	85	45	103,025	50,240	52,785
Romania	485	245	240	42,720	19,720	23,000
Russian Federation	245	115	135	42,980	18,540	24,440
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	30	25	10	23,695	11,610	12,085
Ukraine	250	120	130	39,945	18,150	21,795
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	4,600	2,160	2,445	264,125	125,730	138,390
Other places of birth in Europe	970	455	515	127,190	60,395	66,790
Africa	2,565	1,420	1,140	226,770	109,585	117,185
Algeria	165	90	75	2,925	1,480	1,450
Egypt	120	75	45	34,510	18,000	16,510
Ethiopia	120	65	60	15,570	7,230	8,340
Kenya	60	30	30	14,940	6,910	8,025
Morocco	200	120	75	5,485	2,690	2,795
Nigeria	115	65	50	20,630	10,285	10,345
Somalia	15	10	10	16,970	6,845	10,125
South Africa, Republic of	165	85	80	19,390	9,545	9,840
Other places of birth in Africa	1,615	885	725	96,355	46,610	49,745
Asia	10,625	5,105	5,520	1,869,805	886,570	983,240
Afghanistan	20	10	0	33,145	16,490	16,655
Bangladesh	100	55	50	39,410	19,970	19,440
China^{Census data footnote 59}	2,210	1,040	1,175	317,225	143,705	173,515
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	120	60	55	108,030	50,945	57,090
India	820	435	380	360,540	179,950	180,590
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	490	260	230	86,810	43,445	43,360
Iraq	70	25	45	50,390	25,280	25,115
Japan	90	15	75	8,145	2,550	5,585
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	1,495	775	720	57,085	26,660	30,425
Lebanon	390	225	165	34,545	18,145	16,405
Pakistan	225	130	95	142,265	71,925	70,345
Philippines	1,340	475	870	231,760	93,730	138,030
Sri Lanka	40	15	30	109,855	53,640	56,215
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	1,225	605	620	22,680	11,405	11,270
Taiwan	80	25	55	17,840	7,775	10,065
Viet Nam	720	355	365	80,525	36,545	43,985
Other places of birth in Asia	1,195	600	595	169,555	84,400	85,160
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	220	110	110	12,330	6,330	5,990
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	9,325	4,555	4,775	472,170	223,720	248,450
Americas	900	430	475	60,700	29,005	31,700
Brazil	20	10	10	3,180	1,505	1,675
Colombia	40	20	15	4,520	2,005	2,520
Cuba	10	10	10	1,950	910	1,045
Haiti	45	15	30	2,575	1,140	1,435
Jamaica	40	25	10	8,935	4,840	4,090
Mexico	25	10	20	5,670	2,745	2,925
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	585	285	300	14,635	7,225	7,405
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	25	10	20	2,460	1,120	1,340
Other places of birth in Americas	110	45	70	16,775	7,510	9,265
Europe	1,405	695	710	45,295	22,250	23,045
France	300	165	130	2,010	1,025	985
Germany	85	45	45	1,695	885	805
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	30	15	15	1,900	1,185	715
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	25	10	20	880	400	480
Romania	245	130	120	2,425	995	1,430
Russian Federation	90	35	55	4,905	1,790	3,115
Ukraine	100	50	50	4,455	2,005	2,445
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	240	145	100	7,780	4,515	3,265
Other places of birth in Europe	280	105	180	19,245	9,450	9,795
Africa	975	550	425	39,380	19,045	20,330
Algeria	15	20	0	415	180	240
Cameroon	45	35	10	1,390	640	750
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	155	75	80	1,835	845	990
Côte d'Ivoire	10	0	0	605	245	360
Egypt	40	20	20	8,220	4,290	3,935
Eritrea	35	15	25	2,055	1,010	1,045
Ethiopia	45	20	25	2,505	1,115	1,385
Morocco	40	30	10	655	275	375
Nigeria	40	15	25	5,910	2,895	3,015
Somalia	10	0	10	2,065	965	1,100
South Africa, Republic of	35	20	15	1,410	715	695
Tunisia	50	30	20	310	155	150
Other places of birth in Africa	455	265	185	12,010	5,715	6,295
Asia	6,015	2,865	3,150	324,820	152,205	172,615
Afghanistan	0	0	0	5,785	2,845	2,945
Bangladesh	25	10	15	8,180	4,055	4,125
China^{Census data footnote 59}	1,390	690	700	58,840	26,025	32,815
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	10	10	0	1,985	800	1,190
India	265	140	125	69,325	35,060	34,265
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	255	130	125	21,225	10,300	10,930
Iraq	45	20	25	14,645	7,315	7,330
Israel	200	90	110	2,050	1,085	970
Japan	15	0	15	1,385	370	1,015
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	600	290	310	6,320	2,855	3,470
Lebanon	130	75	55	3,230	1,685	1,545
Nepal	45	15	35	3,395	1,725	1,665
Pakistan	70	40	30	25,435	12,425	13,015
Philippines	925	345	580	53,190	21,740	31,450
Saudi Arabia	45	40	10	3,140	1,615	1,530
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	8,185	3,580	4,605
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	1,145	550	595	12,710	6,590	6,120
Taiwan	10	0	0	1,015	435	580
Turkey	45	40	10	2,590	1,440	1,145
United Arab Emirates	30	20	10	4,290	2,230	2,055
Viet Nam	500	250	255	3,885	1,520	2,365
Other places of birth in Asia	265	100	160	13,995	6,505	7,485
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	40	25	15	1,980	1,215	765
Australia	20	10	10	1,535	965	565
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	20	10	10	445	250	200
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	730,710	357,855	372,850	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	41,395	20,445	20,955	4,122,840	1,953,095	2,169,740
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	43,370	21,150	22,220	3,049,835	1,525,300	1,524,540
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	645,945	316,270	329,675	6,069,485	2,993,845	3,075,640
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	22,665	11,085	11,575	2,825,480	1,331,730	1,493,750
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	13,205	6,735	6,470	1,364,380	677,695	686,685
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	5,115	3,595	1,520	540,795	338,460	202,335
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	8,090	3,140	4,950	823,580	339,240	484,350
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	6,100	2,625	3,475	940,405	382,890	557,520
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	3,240	1,675	1,570	482,665	253,750	228,910
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	110	55	60	38,035	17,400	20,640
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	730,710	357,860	372,855	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	29,385	14,690	14,695	374,395	179,970	194,420
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	28,160	14,120	14,040	361,125	173,685	187,445
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	17,575	8,555	9,015	236,680	112,840	123,845
Métis	10,200	5,370	4,835	120,585	59,015	61,570
Inuk (Inuit)	385	190	190	3,860	1,835	2,030
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	470	210	260	5,730	2,680	3,045
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	750	360	390	7,540	3,615	3,930
Non-Aboriginal identity	701,325	343,170	358,155	12,867,765	6,292,265	6,575,500
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	730,705	357,855	372,850	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,925
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	14,305	7,085	7,225	170,895	81,560	89,335
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	716,405	350,775	365,625	13,071,265	6,390,680	6,680,585
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	730,710	357,860	372,850	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	12,785	6,335	6,450	112,875	54,840	58,035
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	12,495	6,175	6,320	111,575	54,180	57,395
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	10,635	5,200	5,435	97,430	47,130	50,305
Métis single ancestry	1,695	900	800	12,925	6,490	6,435
Inuit single ancestry	165	75	85	1,220	565	655
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	290	165	130	1,295	665	640
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	235	125	110	1,055	545	510
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	25	15	15	145	70	75
Métis and Inuit ancestries	20	20	0	65	25	40
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	10	0	0	30	20	10
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	33,795	16,295	17,500	405,425	192,320	213,100
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	32,505	15,690	16,815	395,205	187,695	207,510
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	24,255	11,640	12,615	276,920	130,810	146,110
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	7,765	3,810	3,955	113,785	54,830	58,955
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	480	240	245	4,500	2,050	2,450
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	1,295	600	690	10,215	4,620	5,590
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,165	540	630	9,305	4,205	5,100
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	60	30	30	595	290	305
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	40	20	25	300	125	170
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	25	15	10	15	0	10
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	684,125	335,230	348,895	12,723,865	6,225,080	6,498,785
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	730,710	357,855	372,850	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	24,535	12,470	12,070	3,885,585	1,878,075	2,007,505
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	2,535	1,385	1,150	1,150,415	582,010	568,400
Chinese	3,925	1,970	1,955	754,550	359,230	395,315
Black	7,000	3,540	3,460	627,715	296,270	331,445
Filipino	1,980	835	1,145	311,675	132,440	179,230
Latin American	1,285	650	635	195,950	93,645	102,310
Arab	2,960	1,650	1,310	210,435	109,585	100,850
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	1,230	600	630	133,855	63,255	70,605
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	730	415	320	154,670	77,385	77,280
Korean	1,685	885	800	88,935	42,445	46,495
Japanese	230	70	160	30,830	13,595	17,235
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	305	135	175	97,970	46,105	51,860
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	675	345	330	128,585	62,105	66,485
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	706,170	345,385	360,785	9,356,575	4,594,165	4,762,410
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	730,705	357,860	372,850	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
North American Aboriginal origins	46,585	22,625	23,955	518,300	247,160	271,135
First Nations (North American Indian)	36,405	17,570	18,840	385,505	183,075	202,430
Inuit	830	420	410	6,870	3,150	3,720
Métis	10,960	5,435	5,530	137,485	66,245	71,235
Other North American origins	428,865	209,615	219,250	3,220,595	1,585,255	1,635,340
Acadian	29,505	14,455	15,060	16,580	8,135	8,450
American	7,175	3,575	3,605	140,165	67,480	72,690
Canadian	407,370	199,020	208,350	3,109,770	1,531,645	1,578,125
New Brunswicker	240	135	105	320	190	125
Newfoundlander	445	190	250	10,850	5,520	5,325
Nova Scotian	65	40	25	1,485	685	800
Ontarian	0	0	10	2,165	1,085	1,075
Québécois	770	410	365	5,390	2,730	2,665
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	20	20	0	675	375	300
European origins	424,850	206,715	218,135	8,151,470	3,978,900	4,172,570
British Isles origins	314,655	151,970	162,690	4,900,430	2,380,595	2,519,835
Channel Islander	125	45	85	1,120	530	590
Cornish	45	25	20	755	370	385
English	168,205	80,795	87,415	2,808,805	1,357,650	1,451,160
Irish	147,245	69,515	77,730	2,095,460	991,625	1,103,835
Manx	45	40	10	2,450	1,320	1,130
Scottish	134,455	64,400	70,055	2,107,295	1,016,260	1,091,030
Welsh	10,110	4,825	5,290	198,475	94,555	103,920
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	10,640	4,885	5,755	323,185	152,525	170,660
French origins	163,270	79,105	84,165	1,350,520	643,360	707,160
Alsatian	15	10	0	1,235	495	740
Breton	55	30	30	290	175	120
Corsican	0	0	0	205	125	85
French	163,245	79,090	84,155	1,349,255	642,790	706,470
Western European origins (except French origins)	49,825	24,100	25,725	1,766,975	864,010	902,970
Austrian	1,000	530	475	72,475	35,415	37,065
Bavarian	0	0	0	450	225	230
Belgian	1,470	650	815	57,890	28,460	29,430
Dutch	15,230	7,290	7,945	527,750	259,585	268,165
Flemish	100	65	40	4,005	2,005	1,995
Frisian	40	25	15	2,705	1,400	1,305
German	34,205	16,575	17,630	1,189,670	579,315	610,355
Luxembourger	0	10	0	915	500	415
Swiss	1,145	545	595	59,835	29,395	30,440
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	35	20	15	1,095	560	530
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	10,400	5,080	5,320	266,085	127,885	138,195
Danish	3,960	1,885	2,075	53,555	26,355	27,195
Finnish	465	235	225	76,755	36,955	39,800
Icelandic	250	135	115	13,215	6,325	6,895
Norwegian	3,330	1,650	1,680	59,335	28,350	30,980
Swedish	2,010	1,010	1,005	71,035	32,705	38,325
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	820	410	410	12,540	6,400	6,140
Eastern European origins	11,590	5,600	5,995	1,339,610	644,610	695,000
Bulgarian	155	60	100	16,750	8,230	8,525
Byelorussian	85	45	40	11,690	5,645	6,045
Czech	435	215	225	42,340	20,815	21,530
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	175	80	100	14,810	6,820	7,990
Estonian	100	35	60	15,075	7,255	7,825
Hungarian	1,280	615	665	163,500	79,850	83,655
Latvian	185	105	80	18,095	8,615	9,480
Lithuanian	325	165	160	35,100	16,965	18,135
Moldovan	35	20	15	3,905	1,910	1,995
Polish	3,445	1,670	1,780	523,490	251,575	271,910
Romanian	945	485	460	98,235	46,825	51,410
Russian	2,260	1,015	1,245	220,850	103,650	117,200
Slovak	250	130	125	40,535	19,645	20,885
Ukrainian	3,535	1,750	1,785	376,440	181,725	194,715
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	70	25	45	10,330	4,940	5,390
Southern European origins	13,450	6,560	6,890	1,772,160	880,335	891,830
Albanian	120	65	55	25,980	13,085	12,895
Bosnian	120	65	55	14,680	7,255	7,425
Catalan	10	10	0	285	180	110
Croatian	310	120	190	82,220	41,350	40,875
Cypriot	30	20	10	4,400	2,170	2,230
Greek	950	485	465	148,555	74,830	73,720
Italian	7,460	3,615	3,845	931,805	467,100	464,705
Kosovar	0	0	0	1,305	655	650
Macedonian	80	35	45	39,440	19,820	19,625
Maltese	115	45	65	35,255	17,525	17,730
Montenegrin	20	20	0	2,545	1,295	1,250
Portuguese	1,785	840	945	324,930	160,970	163,960
Serbian	130	90	35	66,835	34,035	32,800
Sicilian	15	10	0	4,190	2,090	2,100
Slovenian	130	60	60	26,485	13,215	13,275
Spanish	2,555	1,220	1,330	171,145	78,880	92,265
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	120	55	65	20,245	9,785	10,460
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	20	10	10	965	425	540
Other European origins	1,805	960	840	105,865	53,050	52,820
Basque	90	50	40	1,585	805	780
Jewish	785	410	375	77,280	38,860	38,425
Roma (Gypsy)	30	20	15	2,295	1,050	1,245
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	30	10	15	2,065	1,110	955
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	875	480	395	23,290	11,540	11,750
Caribbean origins	2,275	1,045	1,230	462,600	213,660	248,940
Antiguan	0	0	0	3,275	1,480	1,800
Bahamian	35	15	15	2,305	1,190	1,115
Barbadian	100	60	40	26,625	12,375	14,250
Bermudan	130	40	90	2,010	925	1,085
Carib	10	0	0	2,295	855	1,440
Cuban	235	135	100	14,490	6,625	7,865
Dominican	80	35	40	9,180	4,420	4,760
Grenadian	20	0	15	14,690	6,420	8,275
Guadeloupean	35	20	15	70	20	50
Haitian	305	140	160	17,715	8,085	9,630
Jamaican	750	350	395	257,060	119,100	137,955
Kittitian/Nevisian	10	10	0	2,260	1,090	1,175
Martinican	0	0	0	195	65	125
Montserratan	0	0	0	620	300	325
Puerto Rican	85	40	40	1,495	755	740
St. Lucian	15	10	10	7,170	3,195	3,985
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	150	70	75	59,560	27,850	31,710
Vincentian/Grenadinian	45	10	35	12,155	5,250	6,905
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	245	110	135	56,865	25,380	31,480
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	185	65	120	16,970	7,770	9,195
Latin, Central and South American origins	2,135	1,110	1,025	322,210	153,045	169,165
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	65	40	25	10,795	5,040	5,750
Arawak	0	0	0	1,055	470	585
Argentinian	30	10	20	11,460	5,620	5,840
Belizean	0	0	10	810	395	415
Bolivian	55	35	20	1,885	935	955
Brazilian	60	15	45	18,395	8,760	9,635
Chilean	95	40	55	14,625	7,015	7,610
Colombian	265	105	160	40,820	19,345	21,480
Costa Rican	30	15	15	2,790	1,380	1,410
Ecuadorian	30	20	10	20,385	9,650	10,735
Guatemalan	125	40	85	10,040	4,870	5,170
Guyanese	115	50	70	73,360	34,050	39,315
Hispanic	75	35	35	5,805	2,790	3,015
Honduran	50	20	25	3,360	1,590	1,765
Maya	90	45	45	2,500	1,285	1,215
Mexican	700	395	300	43,120	20,735	22,380
Nicaraguan	20	20	0	7,100	3,440	3,665
Panamanian	15	15	0	2,475	1,125	1,355
Paraguayan	0	0	0	600	280	320
Peruvian	90	45	45	14,780	6,985	7,800
Salvadorean	135	95	40	27,595	13,530	14,070
Uruguayan	10	0	0	4,200	2,150	2,050
Venezuelan	60	35	30	11,750	5,320	6,430
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	110	65	50	14,095	6,745	7,350
African origins	6,705	3,535	3,170	414,095	203,260	210,835
Central and West African origins	1,835	1,045	790	85,735	42,745	42,990
Akan	20	10	10	965	540	425
Angolan	25	10	10	1,635	815	820
Ashanti	0	0	0	1,205	620	585
Beninese	0	10	0	555	280	270
Burkinabe	75	50	30	415	190	225
Cameroonian	150	110	40	4,700	2,330	2,370
Chadian	0	0	0	645	320	325
Congolese	415	250	165	10,425	4,960	5,460
Edo	10	0	0	1,025	545	480
Ewe	0	0	0	180	95	80
Gabonese	15	10	0	170	80	90
Gambian	0	0	0	630	305	330
Ghanaian	90	55	35	24,850	12,060	12,790
Guinean	175	125	50	1,105	550	560
Ibo	80	55	25	1,940	1,035	905
Ivorian	60	30	30	1,350	600	745
Liberian	80	45	35	770	365	405
Malian	125	55	65	490	250	240
Malinké	0	0	0	345	160	185
Nigerian	230	115	115	26,560	13,620	12,940
Peulh	40	25	20	135	80	55
Senegalese	105	45	60	1,000	500	495
Sierra Leonean	20	0	20	1,175	585	585
Togolese	40	20	25	670	370	300
Wolof	0	0	0	80	45	35
Yoruba	50	25	25	4,055	2,155	1,900
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	225	135	90	4,745	2,340	2,410
North African origins	1,200	705	495	86,665	44,970	41,695
Algerian	190	90	90	4,065	2,035	2,030
Berber	180	105	70	1,845	985	860
Coptic	0	0	0	2,305	1,185	1,120
Dinka	0	0	0	205	110	95
Egyptian	210	130	80	52,845	27,465	25,375
Libyan	185	85	100	3,785	2,015	1,760
Maure	0	0	0	290	160	125
Moroccan	365	255	115	12,305	6,310	6,000
Sudanese	15	10	10	8,975	4,600	4,375
Tunisian	140	80	60	2,295	1,210	1,085
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	15	10	10	1,755	920	830
Southern and East African origins	1,050	565	485	128,910	61,680	67,230
Afrikaner	0	0	0	560	285	275
Amhara	0	0	0	720	360	360
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	30	25	0	870	455	415
Burundian	105	55	50	3,105	1,465	1,640
Djiboutian	0	0	0	1,035	460	575
Eritrean	115	80	40	11,870	5,740	6,125
Ethiopian	180	105	70	22,560	10,755	11,800
Harari	0	0	0	475	255	215
Kenyan	10	0	0	5,860	2,780	3,080
Malagasy	60	20	35	430	200	230
Mauritian	0	10	0	3,600	1,830	1,770
Oromo	30	10	20	1,290	610	685
Rwandan	105	50	55	3,215	1,380	1,830
Seychellois	10	0	10	350	140	205
Somali	30	25	0	40,995	19,200	21,795
South African	225	95	130	19,760	9,790	9,970
Tanzanian	0	0	0	2,610	1,300	1,315
Tigrian	0	0	0	770	395	375
Ugandan	25	15	15	2,950	1,445	1,505
Zambian	25	10	15	805	410	395
Zimbabwean	60	30	30	3,425	1,595	1,830
Zulu	0	0	0	440	225	215
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	80	40	40	8,475	3,900	4,570
Other African origins	2,850	1,360	1,485	119,670	57,245	62,420
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	385	140	245	17,380	7,720	9,660
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	2,475	1,225	1,245	103,560	50,150	53,410
Asian origins	19,410	9,775	9,635	3,100,450	1,506,795	1,593,655
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	6,835	3,590	3,240	523,340	265,615	257,730
Afghan	25	10	20	54,535	27,255	27,280
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	590	300	295	44,705	23,345	21,360
Armenian	115	60	50	29,675	14,570	15,105
Assyrian	15	10	0	12,075	6,140	5,935
Azerbaijani	10	0	10	4,105	1,995	2,110
Georgian	10	10	10	2,815	1,415	1,395
Hazara	0	0	0	680	390	290
Iranian	665	365	305	117,065	58,995	58,065
Iraqi	105	50	55	50,460	25,420	25,035
Israeli	175	85	90	17,080	8,890	8,185
Jordanian	180	105	75	9,660	5,110	4,545
Kazakh	0	10	0	1,325	610	715
Kurd	80	45	30	9,210	4,880	4,330
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	1,510	795	715
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	340	130	210
Lebanese	2,825	1,435	1,395	86,245	43,700	42,545
Palestinian	75	40	30	28,480	15,215	13,270
Pashtun	20	10	10	3,010	1,635	1,375
Saudi Arabian	85	65	20	3,660	1,975	1,685
Syrian	1,685	865	825	31,440	15,570	15,870
Tajik	0	0	0	1,850	880	970
Tatar	25	10	15	2,135	930	1,205
Turk	235	150	85	34,165	17,340	16,825
Turkmen	10	15	0	695	345	355
Uighur	0	0	0	755	385	375
Uzbek	40	25	10	2,400	1,155	1,240
Yemeni	35	20	15	4,225	2,065	2,155
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	50	35	15	16,270	8,395	7,875
South Asian origins	2,975	1,590	1,385	1,182,845	595,480	587,370
Bangladeshi	150	95	55	29,195	14,965	14,230
Bengali	50	40	10	15,235	7,795	7,445
Bhutanese	35	20	15	1,450	710	735
East Indian	2,150	1,105	1,045	774,500	390,015	384,480
Goan	0	0	0	4,775	2,245	2,525
Gujarati	0	0	0	5,915	3,055	2,860
Kashmiri	10	0	0	1,795	900	895
Nepali	160	75	90	8,150	4,070	4,080
Pakistani	255	160	100	149,060	75,860	73,200
Punjabi	45	35	15	55,455	28,580	26,875
Sinhalese	15	0	10	5,195	2,545	2,645
Sri Lankan	100	45	55	124,270	60,685	63,585
Tamil	25	15	10	42,760	21,705	21,050
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	85	50	35	58,705	29,705	29,005
East and Southeast Asian origins	9,640	4,610	5,030	1,422,890	659,650	763,245
Burmese	25	15	10	4,420	2,105	2,315
Cambodian (Khmer)	60	30	30	14,655	6,810	7,845
Chinese	4,480	2,230	2,250	849,345	403,280	446,065
Filipino	2,130	870	1,265	337,760	144,830	192,930
Hmong	0	0	0	650	340	305
Indonesian	100	30	65	9,325	4,305	5,025
Japanese	305	115	185	41,620	18,530	23,090
Karen	65	30	35	1,645	830	815
Korean	1,675	875	795	93,420	44,585	48,835
Laotian	0	10	0	9,875	4,865	5,015
Malaysian	30	15	15	7,310	3,370	3,935
Mongolian	45	30	15	2,940	1,390	1,545
Singaporean	10	10	0	1,260	565	700
Taiwanese	60	30	30	10,060	4,595	5,465
Thai	100	30	70	6,865	2,725	4,135
Tibetan	0	0	0	6,365	3,175	3,185
Vietnamese	885	450	435	107,640	51,350	56,290
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	10	0	10	4,375	2,165	2,210
Other Asian origins	110	70	45	13,430	6,575	6,855
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	115	65	45	13,430	6,575	6,855
Oceania origins	470	210	260	20,680	10,435	10,240
Australian	290	120	165	13,315	6,780	6,530
New Zealander	135	70	70	4,250	2,255	2,000
Pacific Islands origins	55	30	20	3,490	1,625	1,860
Fijian	0	0	0	1,610	665	945
Hawaiian	30	10	15	470	235	240
Maori	10	10	0	485	255	230
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	10	0	10	275	115	165
Samoan	0	0	0	225	140	85
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	10	10	0	555	265	290
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	319,770	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Owner	238,040	...	...	3,601,825	...	...
Renter	79,865	...	...	1,559,720	...	...
Band housing	1,865	...	...	7,635	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	319,770	...	...	5,169,170	...	...
Condominium	10,580	...	...	680,495	...	...
Not condominium	309,195	...	...	4,488,680	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	319,775	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
No bedrooms	680	...	...	33,950	...	...
1 bedroom	28,370	...	...	699,980	...	...
2 bedrooms	88,115	...	...	1,122,145	...	...
3 bedrooms	125,865	...	...	1,876,905	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	76,745	...	...	1,436,185	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	319,770	...	...	5,169,170	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	66,540	...	...	1,369,660	...	...
5 rooms	56,365	...	...	718,020	...	...
6 rooms	54,070	...	...	770,730	...	...
7 rooms	45,825	...	...	713,595	...	...
8 or more rooms	96,970	...	...	1,597,165	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	319,770	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
One person or fewer per room	318,195	...	...	5,046,810	...	...
More than 1 person per room	1,575	...	...	122,360	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	319,770	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Suitable	312,370	...	...	4,858,170	...	...
Not suitable	7,405	...	...	311,005	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	319,770	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
1960 or before	76,690	...	...	1,293,135	...	...
1961 to 1980	98,720	...	...	1,449,585	...	...
1981 to 1990	45,630	...	...	709,135	...	...
1991 to 2000	39,825	...	...	622,565	...	...
2001 to 2005	19,090	...	...	396,130	...	...
2006 to 2010	22,530	...	...	368,235	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	17,290	...	...	330,390	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	319,770	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	293,155	...	...	4,851,335	...	...
Major repairs needed	26,625	...	...	317,840	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	319,770	...	...	5,169,170	...	...
1 household maintainer	195,585	...	...	2,962,065	...	...
2 household maintainers	120,195	...	...	2,059,710	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	3,995	...	...	147,400	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	319,775	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
15 to 24 years	10,375	...	...	135,835	...	...
25 to 34 years	38,585	...	...	681,685	...	...
35 to 44 years	50,050	...	...	880,070	...	...
45 to 54 years	61,860	...	...	1,113,885	...	...
55 to 64 years	68,145	...	...	1,047,185	...	...
65 to 74 years	53,435	...	...	738,445	...	...
75 to 84 years	27,655	...	...	414,210	...	...
85 years and over	9,675	...	...	157,860	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	314,325	...	...	5,106,290	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	261,385	...	...	3,694,385	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	52,935	...	...	1,411,900	...	...
30% to less than 100%	47,190	...	...	1,208,010	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	235,950	...	...	3,557,485	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	55.9	...	...	61.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	10.3	...	...	19.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	741	...	...	1,299	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	876	...	...	1,463	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	150,010	...	...	400,496	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	170,071	...	...	506,409	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	79,370	...	...	1,554,940	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	14.4	...	...	15.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	36.5	...	...	45.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	704	...	...	1,045	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	741	...	...	1,109	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	620,395	301,650	318,745	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685
No certificate, diploma or degree	136,745	71,600	65,140	1,935,355	961,690	973,670
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	176,750	85,345	91,405	3,026,100	1,485,320	1,540,770
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	306,895	144,700	162,200	6,076,985	2,895,745	3,181,235
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	56,595	39,965	16,630	664,180	471,055	193,120
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	29,630	17,320	12,315	324,370	199,510	124,855
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	26,965	22,645	4,320	339,810	271,545	68,260
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	135,065	56,055	79,005	2,298,715	981,785	1,316,930
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	11,610	3,995	7,620	242,005	107,065	134,945
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	103,630	44,685	58,945	2,872,085	1,335,845	1,536,250
Bachelor's degree	73,330	30,165	43,165	1,911,530	854,135	1,057,395
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	6,735	2,795	3,935	189,370	83,670	105,695
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	2,755	1,600	1,160	79,760	42,295	37,460
Master's degree	17,745	8,170	9,585	593,645	294,180	299,470
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	3,065	1,955	1,110	97,790	61,560	36,230
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	400,785	194,715	206,070	7,229,120	3,498,620	3,730,495
No certificate, diploma or degree	55,645	32,390	23,260	752,995	404,770	348,225
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	114,330	56,430	57,895	1,768,955	895,020	873,935
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	230,810	105,890	124,915	4,707,165	2,198,830	2,508,335
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	37,710	26,335	11,375	446,390	315,975	130,420
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	19,900	11,430	8,475	218,980	134,685	84,295
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	17,805	14,905	2,900	227,410	181,290	46,120
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	104,595	43,695	60,900	1,782,530	762,505	1,020,030
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	7,685	2,660	5,020	170,925	75,935	94,995
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	80,825	33,195	47,625	2,307,320	1,044,420	1,262,895
Bachelor's degree	57,560	23,115	34,450	1,519,850	668,450	851,400
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	5,160	1,920	3,240	148,960	62,370	86,590
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	2,190	1,110	1,080	63,790	30,895	32,895
Master's degree	13,730	5,770	7,960	500,415	239,160	261,255
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	2,190	1,285	905	74,310	43,545	30,765
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	620,395	301,645	318,745	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	313,495	156,945	156,545	4,961,455	2,447,010	2,514,445
Education	25,570	6,725	18,845	349,745	79,245	270,505
13. Education	25,565	6,720	18,845	349,750	79,245	270,505
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	6,140	2,800	3,335	246,075	109,955	136,120
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,155	905	250	38,745	28,735	10,010
50. Visual and performing arts	4,990	1,900	3,085	207,325	81,220	126,110
Humanities	12,430	5,245	7,190	359,560	133,350	226,210
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	1,040	255	785	37,900	8,170	29,730
23. English language and literature/letters	2,395	715	1,675	98,440	28,290	70,145
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	3,055	1,065	1,990	95,345	32,940	62,410
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	55	20	35	2,165	805	1,365
38. Philosophy and religious studies	725	455	270	24,255	13,425	10,830
39. Theology and religious vocations	2,150	1,325	825	28,175	17,120	11,055
54. History	2,190	1,185	1,005	57,295	30,015	27,280
55. French language and literature/letters	830	220	605	15,990	2,590	13,400
Social and behavioural sciences and law	23,780	6,945	16,835	810,410	269,735	540,670
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	190	35	155	10,765	2,210	8,560
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,725	710	1,015	81,500	31,825	49,675
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	6,015	305	5,710	141,750	11,775	129,975
22. Legal professions and studies	3,935	1,325	2,615	128,860	45,275	83,590
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	420	95	325	16,210	3,400	12,815
42. Psychology	5,075	1,355	3,725	122,545	29,640	92,905
45. Social sciences	6,420	3,120	3,300	308,775	145,620	163,155
Business, management and public administration	67,605	19,470	48,135	1,279,665	527,085	752,580
30.16 Accounting and computer science	230	35	190	2,725	895	1,830
44. Public administration and social service professions	5,670	1,010	4,660	108,935	21,405	87,530
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	61,705	18,425	43,285	1,168,005	504,780	663,225
Physical and life sciences and technologies	7,625	3,930	3,700	253,905	124,050	129,850
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	3,320	1,525	1,800	110,950	45,120	65,835
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,845	825	1,025	54,745	24,800	29,945
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	130	30	100	3,830	1,190	2,640
40. Physical sciences	1,720	1,265	455	72,355	48,145	24,205
41. Science technologies/technicians	610	285	325	12,025	4,795	7,235
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	11,275	7,185	4,095	290,045	185,310	104,730
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	9,975	6,640	3,335	220,550	150,765	69,790
25. Library science	620	95	525	15,220	2,450	12,770
27. Mathematics and statistics	620	395	225	49,025	28,515	20,515
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	55	45	10	5,235	3,580	1,655
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	70,800	67,070	3,735	1,173,030	1,055,050	117,985
04. Architecture and related services	500	365	140	51,845	34,590	17,265
14. Engineering	8,020	7,015	1,010	334,085	271,010	63,070
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	13,010	11,575	1,430	237,775	214,500	23,275
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	160	30	125
46. Construction trades	18,910	18,555	350	198,790	194,555	4,235
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	20,075	19,570	505	225,860	220,545	5,315
48. Precision production	10,290	9,985	300	124,515	119,820	4,695
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	6,370	4,715	1,650	106,895	67,015	39,880
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	2,970	1,840	1,130	66,035	41,790	24,240
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,395	2,875	520	40,860	25,230	15,635
Health and related fields	49,795	7,490	42,305	865,970	173,780	692,185
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	2,770	1,325	1,445	75,715	37,005	38,705
51. Health professions and related programs	46,160	5,600	40,550	767,680	124,280	643,400
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	870	565	305	22,575	12,490	10,075
Personal, protective and transportation services	25,460	13,110	12,355	340,285	170,915	169,375
12. Personal and culinary services	13,835	2,735	11,095	183,925	49,390	134,535
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	105	95	10	2,135	1,815	320
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	390	355	40	2,610	2,385	225
43. Security and protective services	4,665	3,795	875	98,325	68,625	29,695
49. Transportation and materials moving	6,465	6,135	325	53,290	48,695	4,595
Other	50	25	25	1,405	260	1,145
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	45	25	20	1,405	255	1,145
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	400,780	194,710	206,070	7,229,120	3,498,625	3,730,500
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	169,970	88,820	81,150	2,521,950	1,299,790	1,222,160
Education	16,350	3,830	12,520	243,635	52,670	190,965
13. Education	16,350	3,835	12,515	243,635	52,670	190,965
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	4,690	2,140	2,550	192,630	85,175	107,450
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	830	630	200	28,705	21,070	7,635
50. Visual and performing arts	3,860	1,510	2,350	163,925	64,105	99,815
Humanities	8,810	3,450	5,360	266,665	95,805	170,855
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	820	195	625	29,210	5,775	23,435
23. English language and literature/letters	1,725	490	1,235	73,110	20,225	52,885
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,125	650	1,475	72,145	24,330	47,815
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	35	10	30	1,665	615	1,045
38. Philosophy and religious studies	500	295	215	17,755	9,925	7,830
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,460	860	595	19,390	11,790	7,605
54. History	1,630	855	775	42,315	21,735	20,585
55. French language and literature/letters	520	100	420	11,075	1,415	9,655
Social and behavioural sciences and law	18,970	5,210	13,760	648,285	207,200	441,085
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	135	20	115	8,630	1,785	6,845
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,500	630	870	67,115	26,015	41,105
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	4,685	235	4,450	111,550	8,405	103,145
22. Legal professions and studies	3,280	940	2,340	108,895	34,250	74,650
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	335	70	260	12,875	2,705	10,170
42. Psychology	4,015	980	3,035	93,770	21,045	72,725
45. Social sciences	5,015	2,330	2,680	245,445	113,000	132,445
Business, management and public administration	52,915	15,055	37,860	1,026,975	414,425	612,550
30.16 Accounting and computer science	215	40	175	2,225	715	1,510
44. Public administration and social service professions	4,505	735	3,770	88,130	16,590	71,540
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	48,190	14,280	33,915	936,620	397,120	539,500
Physical and life sciences and technologies	5,620	2,710	2,905	190,235	88,535	101,700
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	2,580	1,135	1,445	84,580	33,150	51,425
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,275	540	730	41,255	18,020	23,240
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	110	20	95	3,135	975	2,165
40. Physical sciences	1,185	820	370	52,490	33,175	19,310
41. Science technologies/technicians	465	195	270	8,775	3,215	5,555
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	9,710	6,285	3,425	252,275	162,360	89,915
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	8,815	5,910	2,905	198,775	136,120	62,655
25. Library science	415	70	345	10,755	1,765	8,995
27. Mathematics and statistics	430	265	170	38,160	21,440	16,720
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	55	50	0	4,580	3,030	1,550
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	51,150	47,940	3,210	878,300	779,075	99,225
04. Architecture and related services	395	270	120	42,115	27,365	14,745
14. Engineering	6,230	5,295	935	266,040	211,240	54,800
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	10,405	9,135	1,270	178,830	160,160	18,675
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	140	25	115
46. Construction trades	13,110	12,825	290	141,515	138,160	3,360
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	14,025	13,635	395	162,855	158,770	4,080
48. Precision production	6,980	6,770	210	86,805	83,355	3,450
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	5,010	3,575	1,430	82,775	49,710	33,065
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	2,355	1,395	960	50,160	30,065	20,095
03. Natural resources and conservation	2,655	2,185	470	32,615	19,650	12,965
Health and related fields	38,135	5,850	32,285	664,880	133,665	531,220
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	2,145	1,060	1,085	58,160	27,950	30,205
51. Health professions and related programs	35,295	4,385	30,905	589,085	96,720	492,365
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	695	405	285	17,640	8,990	8,645
Personal, protective and transportation services	19,415	9,810	9,600	259,400	129,985	129,415
12. Personal and culinary services	10,520	1,945	8,575	137,250	36,225	101,030
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	95	85	10	1,685	1,405	280
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	220	190	35	1,415	1,270	145
43. Security and protective services	3,460	2,760	705	77,190	52,840	24,345
49. Transportation and materials moving	5,115	4,835	285	41,855	38,245	3,610
Other	45	25	20	1,125	220	900
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	40	25	15	1,125	225	900
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	620,390	301,650	318,745	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	313,495	156,945	156,545	4,961,460	2,447,010	2,514,445
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	306,900	144,700	162,200	6,076,985	2,895,745	3,181,240
Location of study inside Canada	290,645	136,490	154,155	4,786,950	2,261,260	2,525,690
Same as province or territory of residence	229,835	106,610	123,230	4,414,485	2,081,525	2,332,960
Different than province or territory of residence	60,810	29,880	30,925	372,470	179,735	192,730
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	16,255	8,205	8,050	1,290,035	634,485	655,545
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	5,360	2,675	2,685	167,260	89,350	77,910
Philippines	920	285	635	115,410	39,750	75,655
India	460	230	230	169,340	85,500	83,840
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	1,995	1,175	815	115,690	66,215	49,470
China^{Census data footnote 162}	1,105	550	555	98,415	46,230	52,185
France	660	370	290	10,775	5,800	4,975
Other	5,755	2,920	2,835	613,145	301,635	311,510
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	400,785	194,715	206,070	7,229,120	3,498,620	3,730,500
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	169,970	88,815	81,155	2,521,955	1,299,795	1,222,160
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	230,815	105,895	124,920	4,707,170	2,198,830	2,508,335
Location of study inside Canada	218,710	100,175	118,535	3,713,145	1,728,610	1,984,540
Same as province or territory of residence	172,760	78,520	94,240	3,432,015	1,593,170	1,838,850
Different than province or territory of residence	45,950	21,660	24,295	281,130	135,440	145,690
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	12,105	5,715	6,380	994,025	470,225	523,800
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	3,460	1,555	1,905	127,005	65,045	61,960
Philippines	875	260	615	97,230	32,925	64,300
India	345	160	180	143,205	70,040	73,175
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	1,070	575	490	62,325	34,315	28,010
China^{Census data footnote 162}	1,025	475	550	82,020	37,900	44,125
France	525	300	225	8,705	4,630	4,070
Other	4,800	2,390	2,415	473,530	225,365	248,160
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	620,390	301,650	318,745	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,680
In the labour force	381,790	197,005	184,790	7,141,675	3,689,625	3,452,055
Employed	339,045	170,050	168,995	6,612,150	3,414,255	3,197,895
Unemployed	42,745	26,950	15,795	529,525	275,370	254,160
Not in the labour force	238,600	104,645	133,955	3,896,765	1,653,130	2,243,630
Participation rate	61.5	65.3	58.0	64.7	69.1	60.6
Employment rate	54.7	56.4	53.0	59.9	63.9	56.1
Unemployment rate	11.2	13.7	8.5	7.4	7.5	7.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	620,390	301,645	318,745	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	217,930	94,105	123,825	3,696,235	1,561,475	2,134,755
Worked	402,465	207,540	194,920	7,342,205	3,781,280	3,560,925
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	201,230	106,785	94,450	3,837,565	2,148,635	1,688,935
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	201,225	100,760	100,475	3,504,645	1,632,645	1,871,995
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.0	40.6	41.5	42.9	43.4	42.3
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	381,795	197,000	184,790	7,141,675	3,689,625	3,452,055
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	7,320	3,790	3,530	171,050	81,735	89,315
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	374,470	193,210	181,260	6,970,625	3,607,890	3,362,735
Employee	342,685	173,560	169,125	6,146,035	3,084,740	3,061,295
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	31,785	19,655	12,130	824,595	523,145	301,445
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	381,790	197,005	184,790	7,141,675	3,689,625	3,452,050
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	7,320	3,790	3,530	171,045	81,735	89,315
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	374,470	193,215	181,255	6,970,625	3,607,890	3,362,735
0 Management occupations	34,015	20,605	13,415	790,880	483,240	307,635
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	52,695	14,200	38,495	1,124,770	357,215	767,555
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	20,705	16,300	4,405	516,110	399,195	116,915
3 Health occupations	30,730	4,870	25,865	447,045	90,495	356,550
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	45,640	15,355	30,285	831,340	265,075	566,265
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	6,610	2,925	3,685	225,720	104,445	121,275
6 Sales and service occupations	91,035	36,535	54,505	1,632,085	709,375	922,710
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	59,925	57,015	2,910	927,820	866,870	60,950
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	14,485	12,280	2,205	113,405	88,150	25,260
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	18,620	13,130	5,495	361,455	243,835	117,620
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	381,795	197,000	184,790	7,141,675	3,689,625	3,452,050
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	7,320	3,790	3,530	171,050	81,730	89,315
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	374,470	193,210	181,260	6,970,625	3,607,890	3,362,735
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	15,135	12,025	3,115	102,070	67,005	35,070
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	4,345	3,765	580	32,340	27,920	4,415
22 Utilities	3,350	2,615	735	50,820	38,195	12,630
23 Construction	27,795	25,195	2,595	476,835	419,600	57,230
31-33 Manufacturing	32,405	23,215	9,195	683,335	482,800	200,530
41 Wholesale trade	11,170	8,180	2,990	270,745	178,945	91,800
44-45 Retail trade	46,180	21,220	24,950	783,540	367,175	416,365
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	17,680	13,295	4,390	329,240	242,045	87,190
51 Information and cultural industries	6,615	3,700	2,915	176,715	101,045	75,670
52 Finance and insurance	12,415	4,090	8,325	380,765	169,590	211,180
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	3,830	2,245	1,585	144,275	77,385	66,890
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	17,240	9,485	7,750	567,825	316,685	251,140
55 Management of companies and enterprises	345	145	195	12,365	5,290	7,075
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	18,530	10,060	8,475	338,640	190,210	148,430
61 Educational services	26,090	8,180	17,905	528,470	163,680	364,795
62 Health care and social assistance	51,380	7,955	43,430	754,555	134,270	620,275
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	5,950	3,065	2,885	147,425	75,330	72,095
72 Accommodation and food services	24,825	8,460	16,365	478,070	201,260	276,805
81 Other services (except public administration)	17,105	8,365	8,745	296,960	133,220	163,745
91 Public administration	32,090	17,960	14,135	415,635	216,250	199,385
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	339,045	170,050	168,995	6,612,150	3,414,255	3,197,900
Worked at home	19,445	9,485	9,955	480,290	242,495	237,795
Worked outside Canada	1,315	885	430	39,145	25,995	13,150
No fixed workplace address	37,925	28,630	9,300	736,715	536,140	200,570
Worked at usual place	280,360	131,055	149,310	5,355,995	2,609,620	2,746,375
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	280,360	131,055	149,310	5,356,000	2,609,625	2,746,375
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	127,230	57,560	69,670	3,109,070	1,418,260	1,690,810
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	97,230	44,565	52,665	857,565	419,960	437,605
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	50,560	25,155	25,410	1,350,375	749,770	600,605
Commute to a different province or territory	5,345	3,775	1,565	38,990	21,630	17,355
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	318,285	159,680	158,605	6,092,710	3,145,765	2,946,945
Car, truck, van - as a driver	266,035	135,575	130,460	4,375,215	2,392,270	1,982,945
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	24,455	9,855	14,600	372,480	151,880	220,600
Public transit	7,290	3,600	3,690	888,920	376,690	512,235
Walked	14,650	6,900	7,755	320,015	143,885	176,130
Bicycle	1,210	800	405	75,460	50,200	25,260
Other method	4,645	2,950	1,695	60,620	30,835	29,785
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	318,290	159,680	158,605	6,092,715	3,145,765	2,946,950
Less than 15 minutes	135,690	63,885	71,810	1,463,845	675,540	788,310
15 to 29 minutes	118,075	58,505	59,570	1,964,690	991,525	973,165
30 to 44 minutes	39,230	21,385	17,845	1,295,375	706,155	589,225
45 to 59 minutes	12,945	7,275	5,670	612,415	336,090	276,325
60 minutes and over	12,345	8,635	3,710	756,385	436,455	319,930
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	318,285	159,680	158,605	6,092,715	3,145,765	2,946,950
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	17,850	12,755	5,100	413,515	296,265	117,245
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	51,825	30,905	20,925	1,039,255	640,810	398,445
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	112,460	55,470	56,990	1,571,230	778,100	793,130
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	64,235	25,835	38,400	1,354,870	577,565	777,310
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	25,595	9,415	16,180	740,330	328,410	411,920
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	46,320	25,300	21,020	973,515	524,620	448,895
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	413,695	212,875	200,820	7,579,085	3,895,880	3,683,200
Single responses	395,120	204,270	190,850	7,434,675	3,828,665	3,606,015
Official languages	394,015	203,660	190,355	7,319,360	3,767,405	3,551,955
English	304,775	160,255	144,515	7,225,210	3,732,550	3,492,655
French	89,240	43,400	45,840	94,145	34,850	59,295
Non-official languages	1,105	615	490	115,320	61,255	54,060
Aboriginal languages	255	140	115	1,485	765	715
Algonquian languages	250	135	110	1,420	745	675
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	370	220	150
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	10
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	360	215	145
Eastern Algonquian languages	255	135	110	0	0	0
Malecite	15	10	10	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	240	135	110	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	1,050	525	525
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	495	235	265
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	545	290	260
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	25	0	20
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	25	10	20
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	25	10	20
Cayuga	0	0	0	10	0	10
Mohawk	0	0	0	20	10	10
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	855	475	380	113,835	60,490	53,340
Afro-Asiatic languages	160	105	50	3,305	1,995	1,310
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	125	45	80
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	15	10	10
Somali	0	0	0	110	35	70
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	160	105	55	3,175	1,955	1,225
Amharic	0	0	0	75	30	45
Arabic	140	100	45	2,430	1,605	825
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	145	110	40
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	35	20	15
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	25	10	10	395	140	260
Maltese	0	0	0	20	15	10
Tigrigna	0	0	0	60	30	25
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40	20	20	2,575	1,065	1,510
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	95	50	50
Vietnamese	45	20	20	2,480	1,015	1,465
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	15	0	10	1,280	495	790
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	25	10	15
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	10	10	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	40	20	20
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	55	20	30
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	10	10	1,145	435	705
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Creole languages	0	0	0	60	35	30
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	15	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	50	25	20
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	1,980	945	1,035
Kannada	0	0	0	10	0	10
Malayalam	0	0	0	75	45	30
Tamil	0	0	0	1,870	900	975
Telugu	0	0	0	35	10	20
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	170	95	80	38,960	21,375	17,580
Albanian	0	0	0	275	170	105
Armenian	10	10	10	145	75	75
Balto-Slavic languages	30	10	20	6,655	3,165	3,495
Baltic languages	0	0	0	70	25	40
Latvian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Lithuanian	0	0	0	45	20	25
Slavic languages	30	10	20	6,595	3,135	3,455
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	100	55	40
Bulgarian	0	0	0	120	85	40
Croatian	0	0	0	155	100	50
Czech	0	0	0	25	20	10
Macedonian	0	0	0	85	35	45
Polish	0	0	0	1,925	960	960
Russian	25	10	15	2,905	1,240	1,670
Serbian	0	0	0	390	240	145
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Slovak	0	0	0	55	40	20
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	15	0	10
Ukrainian	10	0	0	780	320	460
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	10	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Germanic languages	25	10	15	6,905	3,655	3,250
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	30	15	20
Dutch	0	0	0	790	425	365
Frisian	0	0	0	25	20	10
German	25	10	15	5,690	3,005	2,690
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	10	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	30	10	20
Swedish	0	0	0	55	15	35
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	10	10	10
Yiddish	0	0	0	20	0	20
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	240	155	80
Greek	0	0	0	405	240	165
Indo-Iranian languages	40	30	10	11,880	6,560	5,315
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	9,205	4,900	4,310
Bengali	0	0	0	335	160	170
Gujarati	0	0	0	730	255	475
Hindi	0	0	0	800	380	415
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	30	10	20
Nepali	0	0	0	80	30	50
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	6,025	3,480	2,550
Sindhi	0	0	0	20	10	15
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	30	15	10
Urdu	0	0	0	1,150	555	600
Iranian languages	35	25	10	2,660	1,655	1,005
Kurdish	15	15	0	105	95	15
Pashto	0	0	0	20	10	15
Persian (Farsi)	25	15	10	2,530	1,555	975
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Italic (Romance) languages	65	35	25	12,680	7,505	5,170
Catalan	0	0	0	10	0	10
Italian	0	0	0	945	505	445
Portuguese	0	0	0	5,815	3,865	1,950
Romanian	0	0	0	300	140	160
Spanish	65	35	30	5,590	2,985	2,605
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10
Japanese	10	0	0	1,010	360	655
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	15	0	10
Georgian	0	0	0	15	0	10
Korean	60	35	25	4,945	2,505	2,445
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	120	55	65
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	20	0	20
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	10	0
Ganda	0	0	0	25	15	15
Igbo	0	0	0	10	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	15	0	10
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	20	10	0
Wolof	0	0	0	10	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	10	0	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	20	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	30	20	10	810	295	515
American Sign Language	10	10	10	575	170	410
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	10	0	10
Sign languages, n.i.e	20	20	0	225	130	100
Sino-Tibetan languages	365	185	175	57,620	30,735	26,890
Chinese languages	360	185	175	57,535	30,690	26,840
Cantonese	35	15	25	26,955	14,190	12,770
Hakka	0	0	0	30	10	25
Mandarin	295	150	150	29,090	15,730	13,360
Min Dong	0	0	0	30	15	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	250	155	90
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	35	20	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	25	10	1,145	565	580
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	90	50	45
Burmese	0	0	0	10	10	10
Karenic languages	0	0	0	30	10	20
Tibetan	0	0	0	45	30	15
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	235	95	145
Lao	0	0	0	80	40	35
Thai	0	0	0	160	55	105
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	465	315	150
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	15	15	0
Turkish	0	10	0	440	295	140
Uyghur	0	0	0	10	10	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	10	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	420	205	220
Estonian	0	0	0	45	10	35
Finnish	0	0	0	75	25	50
Hungarian	0	0	0	295	165	130
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Multiple responses	18,575	8,605	9,970	144,405	67,215	77,185
English and French	18,045	8,350	9,695	63,665	26,760	36,900
English and non-official language	475	240	235	78,240	39,330	38,910
French and non-official language	10	0	10	175	75	100
English, French and non-official language	45	15	35	2,325	1,055	1,270
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	413,690	212,875	200,820	7,579,080	3,895,880	3,683,200
None	322,045	167,900	154,150	6,975,415	3,605,485	3,369,930
English	44,925	21,560	23,360	109,150	48,930	60,220
French	44,415	22,175	22,240	260,050	118,655	141,395
Non-official language	2,090	1,115	975	226,490	119,130	107,360
Aboriginal	615	285	330	5,970	2,480	3,490
Non-Aboriginal	1,475	830	645	220,520	116,650	103,870
English and French	0	0	0	245	100	150
English and non-official language	55	20	35	1,620	780	845
French and non-official language	160	95	65	6,080	2,780	3,300
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	35	25	10
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	724,030	354,435	369,600	13,106,990	6,403,470	6,703,520
Non-movers	641,310	314,280	327,020	11,475,985	5,603,290	5,872,695
Movers	82,720	40,150	42,570	1,631,005	800,180	830,820
Non-migrants	45,630	21,830	23,800	941,380	460,170	481,210
Migrants	37,090	18,320	18,765	689,625	340,015	349,610
Internal migrants	32,585	15,995	16,585	535,180	263,055	272,120
Intraprovincial migrants	21,995	10,555	11,445	467,890	229,080	238,810
Interprovincial migrants	10,585	5,445	5,140	67,290	33,980	33,315
External migrants	4,505	2,320	2,185	154,445	76,955	77,490
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	696,160	340,310	355,845	12,546,040	6,116,715	6,429,325
Non-movers	480,830	237,150	243,685	7,887,825	3,845,945	4,041,880
Movers	215,325	103,155	112,165	4,658,215	2,270,770	2,387,445
Non-migrants	113,835	53,935	59,900	2,545,875	1,238,055	1,307,820
Migrants	101,490	49,215	52,275	2,112,340	1,032,710	1,079,630
Internal migrants	89,980	43,165	46,815	1,562,375	761,630	800,740
Intraprovincial migrants	60,645	28,475	32,165	1,380,900	672,540	708,360
Interprovincial migrants	29,335	14,685	14,650	181,480	89,090	92,390
External migrants	11,510	6,050	5,455	549,965	271,080	278,885

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Return to footnote 43 referrer

Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. New Brunswick [Province] and Ontario [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 31, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
New Brunswick [Province] and Ontario [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census New Brunswick [Province] and Ontario [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
New Brunswick [Province] and Ontario [Province]