Census Profile, 2016 Census
New Brunswick [Province] and Manitoba [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	New Brunswick [Province]			Manitoba [Province]
	Data quality , New Brunswick [Province] Map : New Brunswick [Province] Change geography 1			Data quality : Manitoba [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	747,101	...	...	1,278,365	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	751,171	...	...	1,208,268	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	-0.5	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	359,721	...	...	539,748	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	319,773	...	...	489,050	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	10.5	...	...	2.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	71,388.81	...	...	552,370.99	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	747,105	365,355	381,745	1,278,365	631,400	646,970
0 to 14 years	110,495	56,320	54,180	243,820	125,110	118,710
0 to 4 years	34,365	17,505	16,860	81,065	41,710	39,355
5 to 9 years	38,250	19,515	18,735	83,375	42,565	40,805
10 to 14 years	37,880	19,295	18,585	79,380	40,835	38,545
15 to 64 years	487,820	240,535	247,285	835,580	417,260	418,320
15 to 19 years	40,605	20,905	19,705	82,440	42,555	39,890
20 to 24 years	41,445	21,280	20,165	86,760	44,465	42,295
25 to 29 years	39,245	19,745	19,505	86,695	43,570	43,125
30 to 34 years	41,510	20,140	21,365	85,185	42,210	42,975
35 to 39 years	44,435	21,585	22,850	81,105	39,885	41,215
40 to 44 years	48,430	23,520	24,910	79,325	39,530	39,795
45 to 49 years	51,300	25,195	26,105	79,350	39,220	40,130
50 to 54 years	61,055	29,795	31,265	89,840	44,485	45,355
55 to 59 years	61,740	30,210	31,530	87,765	43,555	44,210
60 to 64 years	58,060	28,170	29,895	77,110	37,780	39,325
65 years and over	148,785	68,500	80,280	198,965	89,025	109,945
65 to 69 years	52,160	25,595	26,570	64,905	31,280	33,625
70 to 74 years	36,050	17,695	18,360	45,980	21,940	24,040
75 to 79 years	25,300	11,835	13,465	33,555	15,250	18,305
80 to 84 years	17,650	7,515	10,135	25,315	10,740	14,575
85 years and over	17,620	5,860	11,765	29,210	9,810	19,395
85 to 89 years	10,670	3,910	6,760	17,335	6,460	10,875
90 to 94 years	5,305	1,595	3,715	8,945	2,710	6,230
95 to 99 years	1,435	330	1,110	2,520	580	1,940
100 years and over	205	30	185	415	60	350
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.8	15.4	14.2	19.1	19.8	18.3
15 to 64 years	65.3	65.8	64.8	65.4	66.1	64.7
65 years and over	19.9	18.7	21.0	15.6	14.1	17.0
85 years and over	2.4	1.6	3.1	2.3	1.6	3.0
Average age of the population	43.6	42.7	44.5	39.2	38.2	40.2
Median age of the population	45.7	44.8	46.6	38.3	37.2	39.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	319,770	...	...	489,050	...	...
Single-detached house	221,515	...	...	331,420	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	3,945	...	...	39,080	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	80,515	...	...	108,120	...	...
Semi-detached house	12,470	...	...	15,865	...	...
Row house	9,015	...	...	17,225	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	13,545	...	...	7,065	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	44,260	...	...	67,205	...	...
Other single-attached house	1,230	...	...	755	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	13,795	...	...	10,435	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	319,775	...	...	489,050	...	...
1 person	89,480	...	...	135,500	...	...
2 persons	126,820	...	...	164,880	...	...
3 persons	49,465	...	...	71,065	...	...
4 persons	37,625	...	...	66,675	...	...
5 or more persons	16,385	...	...	50,930	...	...
Number of persons in private households	730,705	...	...	1,240,700	...	...
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	636,605	309,040	327,570	1,034,545	506,280	528,260
Married or living common law	379,605	189,790	189,820	593,615	297,280	296,335
Married	302,020	151,100	150,925	503,390	252,210	251,175
Living common law	77,580	38,685	38,895	90,230	45,075	45,155
Not married and not living common law	257,000	119,250	137,745	440,925	209,000	231,930
Never married	158,070	85,640	72,430	300,415	162,440	137,980
Separated	21,290	9,530	11,760	24,845	11,080	13,765
Divorced	35,680	15,275	20,405	54,860	22,780	32,080
Widowed	41,965	8,805	33,160	60,805	12,700	48,100
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	222,865	...	...	346,160	...	...
2 persons	129,065	...	...	171,435	...	...
3 persons	47,015	...	...	71,630	...	...
4 persons	34,860	...	...	65,500	...	...
5 or more persons	11,920	...	...	37,600	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	222,865	...	...	346,160	...	...
Total couple families	186,680	...	...	287,200	...	...
Married couples	147,900	...	...	242,100	...	...
Common-law couples	38,780	...	...	45,100	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	36,185	...	...	58,960	...	...
Female parent	28,650	...	...	45,930	...	...
Male parent	7,530	...	...	13,025	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	186,675	...	...	287,205	...	...
Couples without children	105,625	...	...	137,135	...	...
Couples with children	81,060	...	...	150,070	...	...
1 child	37,440	...	...	55,730	...	...
2 children	32,380	...	...	59,965	...	...
3 or more children	11,235	...	...	34,375	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	36,185	...	...	58,960	...	...
1 child	23,440	...	...	34,305	...	...
2 children	9,570	...	...	15,895	...	...
3 or more children	3,170	...	...	8,765	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	128,775	61,010	67,770	212,415	104,435	107,980
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	319,770	...	...	489,050	...	...
One-census-family households	214,235	...	...	323,125	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	102,170	...	...	130,475	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	112,070	...	...	192,650	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	4,280	...	...	11,110	...	...
Non-census-family households	101,255	...	...	154,815	...	...
One-person households	89,480	...	...	135,495	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	11,775	...	...	19,315	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	736,280	360,440	375,840	1,261,620	624,095	637,520
English only	420,820	210,555	210,260	1,135,395	566,980	568,410
French only	63,140	29,955	33,190	1,485	680	800
English and French	249,950	118,705	131,245	108,460	49,205	59,255
Neither English nor French	2,370	1,220	1,150	16,285	7,235	9,050
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	736,280	360,440	375,845	1,261,620	624,100	637,520
English	498,365	244,230	254,135	1,203,025	596,475	606,550
French	232,450	113,500	118,945	39,200	18,880	20,325
English and French	3,210	1,550	1,655	3,545	1,755	1,790
Neither English nor French	2,255	1,150	1,100	15,840	6,985	8,860
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	234,055	114,280	119,775	40,975	19,760	21,215
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	31.8	31.7	31.9	3.2	3.2	3.3
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	736,280	360,440	375,845	1,261,620	624,095	637,520
Single responses	726,990	356,005	370,990	1,230,115	608,820	621,300
Official languages	703,840	344,285	359,555	941,130	468,430	472,705
English	472,725	231,595	241,135	900,610	448,960	451,645
French	231,110	112,690	118,415	40,520	19,465	21,055
Non-official languages	23,150	11,715	11,435	288,985	140,395	148,590
Aboriginal languages	2,165	1,035	1,135	29,710	14,265	15,440
Algonquian languages	2,130	1,020	1,110	28,070	13,505	14,565
Blackfoot	0	0	0	5	0	5
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	5	5	14,820	7,085	7,740
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	5
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	30	5	20
Plains Cree	0	0	0	70	25	40
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	745	305	440
Woods Cree	0	0	0	65	20	40
Cree, n.o.s.	0	5	0	13,915	6,725	7,195
Eastern Algonquian languages	2,115	1,010	1,105	10	5	5
Malecite	280	125	155	0	5	0
Mi'kmaq	1,835	885	950	10	5	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	5	5	13,235	6,410	6,825
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	5	5	0	6,730	3,180	3,550
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	6,505	3,235	3,265
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	5	0	5	815	375	445
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	815	380	440
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	810	375	435
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	5	0	5
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	20	5	15	80	20	60
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Inuktitut	15	5	10	65	20	45
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	15	5	10
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	5	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	80	40	40
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	5
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	630	305	330
Dakota	0	0	0	630	305	325
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	10	0	5	15	10	5
Non-Aboriginal languages	20,990	10,685	10,300	259,280	126,130	133,155
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,190	1,805	1,385	10,700	5,580	5,120
Berber languages	40	25	15	40	25	15
Kabyle	20	10	5	35	15	10
Berber languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	10	10	5
Cushitic languages	30	15	20	1,750	875	875
Bilen	0	0	0	155	85	70
Oromo	5	5	5	345	175	170
Somali	25	10	15	1,245	610	640
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Semitic languages	3,110	1,760	1,355	8,840	4,640	4,200
Amharic	65	35	25	1,770	885	885
Arabic	2,855	1,615	1,235	4,695	2,500	2,190
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	170	90	80	545	320	225
Maltese	0	0	5	40	20	25
Tigrigna	20	15	10	1,770	905	865
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	65	35	30
Austro-Asiatic languages	635	305	330	4,180	1,970	2,205
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	10	280	135	145
Vietnamese	620	305	320	3,895	1,840	2,060
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	5	0	0
Austronesian languages	1,375	510	865	52,905	24,685	28,220
Bikol	5	0	5	175	80	95
Cebuano	105	35	65	1,245	565	675
Fijian	0	0	0	35	15	15
Hiligaynon	15	5	10	390	170	220
Ilocano	50	15	35	1,365	630	730
Malagasy	15	5	10	0	0	5
Malay	45	20	30	175	65	105
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0	5	655	315	340
Pangasinan	0	0	0	135	65	70
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,120	420	700	48,530	22,670	25,855
Waray-Waray	5	0	5	50	30	25
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	150	70	85
Creole languages	135	70	65	570	275	305
Haitian Creole	15	10	5	20	10	10
Creole, n.o.s.	80	30	50	290	140	145
Creole languages, n.i.e.	40	30	10	265	120	145
Dravidian languages	285	155	130	1,565	825	735
Kannada	20	15	10	95	50	40
Malayalam	40	15	20	790	410	380
Tamil	105	60	50	480	255	230
Telugu	110	60	45	195	115	80
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	10	0	5
Hmong-Mien languages	5	5	0	5	0	0
Indo-European languages	9,325	4,790	4,530	158,350	77,605	80,750
Albanian	50	25	25	350	170	180
Armenian	30	15	10	65	35	30
Balto-Slavic languages	1,740	865	875	34,450	15,845	18,605
Baltic languages	55	30	30	165	65	95
Latvian	25	10	10	80	35	45
Lithuanian	35	15	15	85	35	45
Slavic languages	1,685	835	850	34,280	15,775	18,510
Belarusan	5	5	0	40	20	25
Bosnian	50	25	25	575	285	290
Bulgarian	20	10	10	140	70	65
Croatian	75	35	40	1,030	505	530
Czech	55	25	25	615	310	310
Macedonian	15	10	5	145	70	75
Polish	230	105	125	6,455	2,905	3,545
Russian	880	440	435	9,130	4,495	4,640
Serbian	105	55	45	655	335	320
Serbo-Croatian	35	15	20	240	110	130
Slovak	25	15	15	405	175	225
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	10	10	270	130	140
Ukrainian	170	85	90	14,505	6,325	8,180
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	40	30
Celtic languages	30	5	20	115	60	55
Scottish Gaelic	15	5	10	50	25	20
Welsh	10	0	10	60	30	30
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	10	10	0
Germanic languages	2,875	1,415	1,465	68,670	33,310	35,360
Afrikaans	50	30	25	420	220	205
Danish	125	55	75	280	145	135
Dutch	885	470	410	2,675	1,335	1,335
Frisian	35	25	10	55	30	25
German	1,650	780	865	63,825	30,940	32,890
Icelandic	5	0	0	475	210	260
Norwegian	40	25	20	115	45	65
Swedish	50	15	35	135	70	70
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	10	10	310	125	180
Yiddish	10	5	5	355	175	180
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	25	10	10
Greek	145	100	50	1,285	665	615
Indo-Iranian languages	1,850	1,020	835	32,325	17,135	15,195
Indo-Aryan languages	1,175	655	525	29,520	15,700	13,820
Bengali	205	120	85	1,170	675	495
Gujarati	75	40	30	3,115	1,660	1,455
Hindi	225	135	95	2,270	1,215	1,060
Kashmiri	0	0	0	5	5	5
Konkani	10	5	5	35	20	15
Marathi	50	20	25	135	80	50
Nepali	180	90	90	720	355	365
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	5	10	5	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	125	75	50	18,320	9,650	8,670
Sindhi	25	10	10	60	30	30
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	30	15	15	670	345	320
Urdu	240	140	100	3,015	1,655	1,355
Iranian languages	655	355	305	2,705	1,365	1,335
Kurdish	55	30	25	415	210	200
Pashto	25	15	10	275	130	150
Persian (Farsi)	580	310	270	2,020	1,030	990
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	100	60	40
Italic (Romance) languages	2,605	1,355	1,250	21,100	10,385	10,710
Catalan	5	5	0	0	0	5
Italian	400	225	175	3,840	1,910	1,930
Portuguese	260	130	130	6,585	3,190	3,390
Romanian	485	250	240	645	310	335
Spanish	1,460	755	705	10,005	4,965	5,040
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	15	5	10
Japanese	110	25	85	540	185	350
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Georgian	0	0	0	15	5	5
Korean	1,550	800	750	3,760	1,810	1,950
Mongolic languages	5	5	0	20	5	15
Mongolian	5	5	5	20	5	15
Niger-Congo languages	700	385	315	3,895	1,965	1,930
Akan (Twi)	25	10	10	150	90	65
Bamanankan	60	35	25	75	25	45
Edo	0	0	0	40	20	15
Ewe	5	5	0	30	20	10
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	40	30	15	65	35	30
Ga	5	5	5	15	10	5
Ganda	10	0	0	50	20	30
Igbo	30	20	10	280	155	130
Lingala	25	15	15	75	30	40
Rundi (Kirundi)	45	25	20	135	60	65
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	40	20	20	250	125	120
Shona	20	10	10	110	50	60
Swahili	135	65	70	870	420	455
Wolof	25	20	10	75	50	25
Yoruba	30	15	20	1,030	525	505
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	195	105	85	640	315	325
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	0	395	215	180
Dinka	5	0	0	175	90	80
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	225	125	100
Sign languages	145	75	70	440	230	210
American Sign Language	40	20	30	240	125	115
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	95	55	45	195	100	95
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,115	1,570	1,545	18,880	9,320	9,565
Chinese languages	3,085	1,555	1,530	18,305	9,025	9,280
Cantonese	440	225	210	6,625	3,140	3,485
Hakka	20	10	10	55	30	25
Mandarin	2,250	1,105	1,150	10,170	5,110	5,060
Min Dong	0	5	0	5	5	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	35	15	15	325	150	165
Wu (Shanghainese)	100	45	55	110	55	50
Chinese, n.o.s.	240	150	85	1,010	530	475
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	5	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	30	15	15	575	295	285
Burmese	0	0	5	85	50	30
Karenic languages	25	15	10	430	215	220
Tibetan	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	20	35
Tai-Kadai languages	60	15	50	1,120	525	595
Lao	5	0	0	875	445	430
Thai	55	10	45	240	85	165
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	5	0	0
Turkic languages	105	60	45	340	190	150
Azerbaijani	5	5	5	30	20	15
Turkish	75	50	30	210	120	95
Uyghur	0	0	0	10	5	10
Uzbek	10	5	5	40	25	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	40	25	20
Uralic languages	250	115	135	1,440	655	790
Estonian	20	5	10	30	10	15
Finnish	45	15	30	225	85	135
Hungarian	185	90	95	1,185	550	635
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	155	85	70
Multiple responses	9,290	4,440	4,855	31,505	15,280	16,220
English and French	7,285	3,470	3,815	4,365	2,140	2,230
English and non-official language	1,535	725	810	25,965	12,530	13,440
French and non-official language	330	175	155	695	380	315
English, French and non-official language	145	65	75	470	230	245
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	736,280	360,435	375,845	1,261,620	624,100	637,520
Single responses	724,940	355,025	369,910	1,197,145	593,020	604,120
Official languages	712,250	348,510	363,740	1,052,345	521,280	531,065
English	505,935	247,610	258,325	1,035,475	513,465	522,010
French	206,315	100,900	105,415	16,865	7,815	9,055
Non-official languages	12,690	6,515	6,175	144,800	71,740	73,060
Aboriginal languages	820	400	420	15,770	8,020	7,750
Algonquian languages	820	395	420	15,070	7,675	7,390
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	5	0	7,570	3,860	3,715
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	10	5	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	10	5	5
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	120	45	75
Woods Cree	0	0	0	15	10	5
Cree, n.o.s.	0	5	0	7,415	3,790	3,620
Eastern Algonquian languages	815	395	420	0	0	0
Malecite	50	25	25	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	765	370	395	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	7,495	3,820	3,675
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	2,505	1,280	1,225
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	4,990	2,545	2,455
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	635	305	330
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	635	305	330
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	630	305	330
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	5	5	0	15	5	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	5	0	0	10	5	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	5	0	0	10	5	10
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	35	25	10
Dakota	0	0	0	35	25	10
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	11,870	6,115	5,750	129,035	63,725	65,310
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,285	1,210	1,075	6,875	3,475	3,400
Berber languages	0	0	0	20	15	5
Kabyle	0	0	0	15	10	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	5
Cushitic languages	20	10	10	1,185	550	630
Bilen	0	0	0	120	65	55
Oromo	0	0	0	210	95	115
Somali	20	5	10	845	385	460
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	10	0
Semitic languages	2,265	1,200	1,065	5,650	2,895	2,750
Amharic	20	10	10	1,045	520	525
Arabic	2,110	1,125	990	3,105	1,600	1,505
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	5	0	5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	130	60	70	355	195	160
Maltese	0	0	5	10	5	5
Tigrigna	5	0	5	1,135	580	555
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	25	15	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	525	255	270	2,900	1,370	1,530
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	5	0	125	55	70
Vietnamese	520	250	270	2,775	1,315	1,460
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	510	235	270	27,215	13,065	14,155
Bikol	0	0	0	30	15	15
Cebuano	40	15	25	495	250	245
Fijian	0	0	0	15	5	10
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	125	55	75
Ilocano	0	0	0	390	190	200
Malagasy	5	0	5	0	0	0
Malay	15	0	5	55	25	30
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	245	120	130
Pangasinan	0	0	0	30	15	15
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	450	215	235	25,790	12,375	13,420
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	10	5	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	30	15	15
Creole languages	65	25	35	290	120	165
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	10	5	5
Creole, n.o.s.	20	0	15	165	75	85
Creole languages, n.i.e.	45	20	20	115	45	75
Dravidian languages	110	60	45	800	400	400
Kannada	5	0	0	45	25	25
Malayalam	20	5	10	405	195	205
Tamil	35	20	20	240	120	120
Telugu	45	30	15	110	60	50
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	4,160	2,175	1,990	70,820	35,325	35,495
Albanian	30	15	10	155	80	75
Armenian	20	5	10	20	10	5
Balto-Slavic languages	975	505	470	11,685	5,670	6,015
Baltic languages	35	20	15	25	10	15
Latvian	10	5	5	15	5	5
Lithuanian	25	15	10	10	5	5
Slavic languages	935	480	455	11,660	5,660	6,000
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	5	0
Bosnian	25	15	10	285	145	140
Bulgarian	5	5	0	65	30	30
Croatian	25	10	15	320	145	180
Czech	5	0	5	115	55	60
Macedonian	0	0	0	85	35	45
Polish	55	25	30	2,010	910	1,105
Russian	620	320	305	5,530	2,780	2,745
Serbian	80	45	35	335	170	170
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	5	90	40	50
Slovak	5	5	5	70	35	35
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	55	20	30
Ukrainian	90	50	40	2,690	1,285	1,405
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Celtic languages	10	0	5	20	15	10
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	5	5	5	0
Welsh	0	0	0	10	5	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	640	320	320	25,825	12,700	13,125
Afrikaans	35	15	20	200	100	100
Danish	5	5	5	10	5	5
Dutch	150	80	75	270	135	130
Frisian	5	0	5	10	5	5
German	425	215	210	24,795	12,185	12,615
Icelandic	0	0	0	35	15	20
Norwegian	5	0	5	10	5	5
Swedish	5	0	5	10	5	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	5	15	5	10
Yiddish	0	0	0	10	5	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	465	240	225
Greek	45	25	25	535	255	280
Indo-Iranian languages	1,140	595	545	22,810	11,920	10,890
Indo-Aryan languages	655	335	325	21,010	11,055	9,950
Bengali	130	70	60	690	390	305
Gujarati	40	15	20	2,100	1,095	1,005
Hindi	115	60	50	1,335	715	620
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	5	5	0	10	5	5
Marathi	20	10	10	40	25	20
Nepali	135	60	75	540	265	280
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	50	25	25	14,000	7,330	6,670
Sindhi	10	5	0	30	10	15
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	5	360	190	170
Urdu	140	75	70	1,895	1,035	860
Iranian languages	470	255	220	1,755	835	920
Kurdish	35	25	10	275	135	140
Pashto	15	5	5	165	70	95
Persian (Farsi)	425	225	195	1,315	635	685
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	50	25	20
Italic (Romance) languages	1,305	705	600	9,765	4,670	5,090
Catalan	5	5	0	0	0	0
Italian	85	40	45	1,035	450	590
Portuguese	110	50	60	2,800	1,305	1,500
Romanian	290	145	140	235	110	125
Spanish	820	470	350	5,695	2,810	2,885
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	20	10	15	175	75	105
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	10	5	0
Georgian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Korean	1,245	645	605	2,915	1,430	1,490
Mongolic languages	5	0	0	5	0	5
Mongolian	0	0	0	5	5	5
Niger-Congo languages	240	125	120	1,410	695	720
Akan (Twi)	10	5	10	45	30	20
Bamanankan	20	15	5	15	5	5
Edo	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ewe	0	0	0	5	5	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	10	5	35	15	15
Ga	5	0	0	5	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	5	0	0
Igbo	5	5	0	75	40	35
Lingala	10	5	5	40	20	20
Rundi (Kirundi)	20	15	10	65	35	35
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	5	105	55	50
Shona	5	0	5	10	5	10
Swahili	80	35	45	500	240	265
Wolof	5	5	0	25	20	10
Yoruba	5	5	5	345	175	170
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	50	25	25	125	50	75
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	130	60	70
Dinka	0	0	0	80	35	45
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	30	25
Sign languages	200	115	85	560	310	255
American Sign Language	55	30	25	255	135	120
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	150	90	60	305	170	135
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,390	1,210	1,175	13,910	6,920	6,985
Chinese languages	2,365	1,195	1,170	13,445	6,685	6,765
Cantonese	260	130	130	4,455	2,105	2,350
Hakka	5	0	0	25	10	15
Mandarin	1,855	930	920	8,080	4,105	3,975
Min Dong	0	0	0	5	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	10	5	135	65	70
Wu (Shanghainese)	85	40	45	65	30	35
Chinese, n.o.s.	140	80	55	675	365	315
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	5	5	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	15	10	465	235	225
Burmese	5	0	0	55	30	25
Karenic languages	20	10	10	370	190	180
Tibetan	0	0	0	5	0	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	20
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	5	535	250	280
Lao	0	0	0	430	210	220
Thai	10	5	5	105	40	65
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	30	15	10	135	70	65
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	10	5	10
Turkish	25	15	5	65	35	35
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	35	20	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15
Uralic languages	70	35	40	305	140	165
Estonian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	5	5	5	35	15	15
Hungarian	55	30	30	270	125	145
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	25	20
Multiple responses	11,345	5,415	5,925	64,475	31,080	33,400
English and French	7,275	3,370	3,905	3,090	1,440	1,645
English and non-official language	3,435	1,715	1,720	60,090	28,995	31,090
French and non-official language	340	185	160	415	215	205
English, French and non-official language	290	140	145	885	420	455
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	736,280	360,435	375,845	1,261,615	624,095	637,520
None	647,960	318,560	329,400	1,079,050	535,990	543,065
English	49,925	24,065	25,855	76,350	37,795	38,550
French	30,030	13,760	16,275	20,200	9,130	11,075
Non-official language	7,545	3,650	3,895	83,315	39,860	43,455
Aboriginal	1,300	625	685	16,105	7,590	8,515
Non-Aboriginal	6,240	3,030	3,210	67,215	32,275	34,940
English and French	180	90	90	305	150	150
English and non-official language	300	160	145	1,610	815	790
French and non-official language	335	155	185	770	345	420
English, French and non-official language	10	5	5	20	5	10
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	620,390	301,645	318,745	1,001,305	491,590	509,715
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	594,705	289,220	305,485	954,035	467,790	486,250
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,961	37,516	25,796	34,188	40,379	29,220
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	594,920	289,245	305,680	954,205	467,820	486,390
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,107	33,169	23,945	30,465	35,150	26,561
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	516,780	259,945	256,835	859,545	431,145	428,400
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,444	34,830	23,278	32,592	39,229	26,692
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	439,645	193,975	245,675	701,840	309,530	392,310
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,164	9,210	7,321	4,268	1,890	5,434
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	423,915	219,135	204,780	722,785	374,850	347,935
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,124	34,784	24,769	33,677	39,365	28,679
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	620,395	301,650	318,745	1,001,305	491,580	509,725
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	594,650	289,140	305,510	953,960	467,575	486,385
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,141	46,154	32,504	43,767	51,068	36,747
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	594,870	289,165	305,700	954,175	467,605	486,565
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,022	38,151	28,171	35,957	41,013	31,097
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	516,685	259,855	256,830	859,575	431,035	428,540
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,432	44,240	30,543	42,776	50,803	34,704
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	440,195	194,240	245,955	701,830	308,940	392,890
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,938	9,519	8,480	7,099	6,411	7,640
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	423,915	218,800	205,110	722,785	374,535	348,250
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,611	43,456	31,376	42,551	49,417	35,168
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	620,390	301,645	318,745	1,001,310	491,580	509,725
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	197,290	104,215	93,075	350,580	201,335	149,245
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	46,349	52,010	41,058	50,026	54,580	44,818
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	54,011	60,796	46,415	59,523	65,410	51,581
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	83.2	86.2	79.0	88.0	91.7	83.1
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	68.5	71.3	64.7	73.6	77.4	68.6
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	16.8	13.8	21.0	12.0	8.3	16.9
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	620,390	301,650	318,745	1,001,310	491,585	509,720
Without total income	25,680	12,430	13,260	47,270	23,800	23,470
With total income	594,710	289,220	305,490	954,040	467,790	486,245
Percentage with total income	95.9	95.9	95.8	95.3	95.2	95.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	80,700	32,655	48,050	137,700	62,550	75,150
$10,000 to $19,999	109,015	40,415	68,600	150,320	58,320	91,995
$20,000 to $29,999	99,025	40,480	58,540	136,510	54,950	81,560
$30,000 to $39,999	83,770	41,360	42,405	123,685	55,805	67,885
$40,000 to $49,999	65,795	35,080	30,715	109,710	54,650	55,060
$50,000 to $59,999	44,810	26,560	18,250	80,625	45,170	35,460
$60,000 to $69,999	32,185	20,270	11,920	58,785	35,250	23,535
$70,000 to $79,999	24,565	14,130	10,430	43,365	26,465	16,895
$80,000 to $89,999	17,095	9,915	7,180	34,000	20,100	13,905
$90,000 to $99,999	10,240	6,980	3,260	21,980	13,545	8,440
$100,000 and over	27,515	21,380	6,135	57,355	40,985	16,370
$100,000 to $149,999	19,765	15,195	4,570	40,870	28,585	12,285
$150,000 and over	7,750	6,185	1,565	16,490	12,395	4,090
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	620,390	301,645	318,750	1,001,305	491,585	509,720
Without after-tax income	25,470	12,405	13,070	47,100	23,770	23,330
With after-tax income	594,920	289,240	305,680	954,205	467,820	486,390
Percentage with after-tax income	95.9	95.9	95.9	95.3	95.2	95.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	83,590	33,140	50,455	142,035	63,525	78,510
$10,000 to $19,999	115,730	43,245	72,485	161,865	63,410	98,460
$20,000 to $29,999	118,940	51,335	67,610	165,880	68,985	96,895
$30,000 to $39,999	98,230	50,770	47,460	153,680	73,335	80,350
$40,000 to $49,999	67,470	38,665	28,810	116,415	63,755	52,660
$50,000 to $59,999	42,775	26,495	16,280	78,105	46,940	31,160
$60,000 to $69,999	28,790	16,435	12,355	53,870	32,165	21,705
$70,000 to $79,999	14,945	10,205	4,740	31,690	19,680	12,010
$80,000 and over	24,450	18,955	5,500	50,655	36,025	14,630
$80,000 to $89,999	8,385	6,340	2,040	18,025	12,260	5,760
$90,000 to $99,999	5,060	3,970	1,090	10,325	7,305	3,015
$100,000 and over	11,005	8,640	2,365	22,305	16,460	5,850
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	620,390	301,645	318,745	1,001,305	491,590	509,720
Without employment income	196,475	82,515	113,965	278,525	116,740	161,775
With employment income	423,910	219,140	204,775	722,785	374,845	347,940
Percentage with employment income	68.3	72.6	64.2	72.2	76.3	68.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	54,590	26,540	28,045	90,045	42,675	47,375
$5,000 to $9,999	36,840	15,720	21,120	54,560	23,875	30,690
$10,000 to $19,999	65,895	29,920	35,975	94,460	41,920	52,535
$20,000 to $29,999	59,240	25,955	33,280	89,540	39,650	49,895
$30,000 to $39,999	50,190	24,930	25,260	88,340	41,905	46,440
$40,000 to $49,999	42,140	22,160	19,980	77,755	40,205	37,550
$50,000 to $59,999	29,910	18,180	11,730	58,900	34,355	24,550
$60,000 to $69,999	23,390	14,620	8,770	44,085	27,115	16,970
$70,000 to $79,999	19,515	10,565	8,950	34,450	21,375	13,075
$80,000 and over	42,210	30,540	11,665	90,650	61,780	28,865
$80,000 to $89,999	13,190	7,840	5,345	28,365	16,860	11,505
$90,000 to $99,999	8,105	5,685	2,420	17,635	11,355	6,275
$100,000 and over	20,915	17,015	3,895	44,650	33,560	11,095
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	319,770	...	...	489,050	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	59,347	...	...	68,147	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	52,553	...	...	59,093	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	89,480	...	...	135,495	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	28,747	...	...	35,846	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	26,387	...	...	31,538	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	230,290	...	...	353,550	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	74,207	...	...	84,532	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	65,063	...	...	72,688	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	319,775	...	...	489,050	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	72,786	...	...	85,373	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	61,431	...	...	70,154	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	89,455	...	...	135,440	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	36,505	...	...	44,208	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,242	...	...	36,503	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	230,320	...	...	353,605	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	86,878	...	...	101,140	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	73,156	...	...	83,044	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	319,775	...	...	489,050	...	...
Under $5,000	3,940	...	...	9,250	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	7,800	...	...	8,175	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	6,835	...	...	11,450	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	17,765	...	...	18,260	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	16,400	...	...	21,395	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	16,335	...	...	19,035	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	17,830	...	...	21,090	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	16,875	...	...	21,745	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	15,365	...	...	21,605	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	14,845	...	...	21,225	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	27,735	...	...	40,240	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	25,205	...	...	37,910	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	22,750	...	...	34,275	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	19,415	...	...	31,555	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	16,030	...	...	27,215	...	...
$100,000 and over	74,655	...	...	144,620	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	29,535	...	...	52,495	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	18,605	...	...	34,595	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	17,050	...	...	34,670	...	...
$200,000 and over	9,460	...	...	22,865	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	319,770	...	...	489,050	...	...
Under $5,000	4,090	...	...	9,725	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	7,880	...	...	8,315	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	6,980	...	...	11,860	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	18,630	...	...	19,325	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	18,705	...	...	24,370	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	18,580	...	...	22,665	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	20,540	...	...	25,915	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	19,550	...	...	26,725	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	18,165	...	...	25,965	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	17,920	...	...	25,290	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	32,930	...	...	48,610	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	29,175	...	...	44,280	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	23,970	...	...	38,890	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	19,330	...	...	32,370	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	15,105	...	...	26,890	...	...
$100,000 and over	48,225	...	...	97,850	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	25,135	...	...	46,355	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	11,980	...	...	24,795	...	...
$150,000 and over	11,110	...	...	26,705	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	221,680	...	...	341,205	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	74,353	...	...	84,441	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	65,100	...	...	72,563	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	99,865	...	...	127,580	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	67,988	...	...	79,103	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	59,801	...	...	67,596	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	82,260	...	...	150,585	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	100,315	...	...	104,902	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	85,717	...	...	89,307	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.8	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	33,580	...	...	52,215	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	42,992	...	...	49,922	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	40,671	...	...	46,048	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	221,740	...	...	341,235	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	87,048	...	...	101,410	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	73,197	...	...	83,132	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	99,840	...	...	127,710	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	79,085	...	...	95,583	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	66,576	...	...	77,743	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	82,415	...	...	150,695	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	111,901	...	...	122,176	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	92,699	...	...	99,399	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	33,455	...	...	52,130	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	51,119	...	...	60,006	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	45,687	...	...	52,307	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	114,825	54,970	59,850	175,270	86,935	88,335
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	27,250	30,122	25,182	32,927	35,568	30,818
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	25,167	27,154	23,916	29,429	31,130	28,062
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	114,375	54,300	60,075	174,945	86,380	88,565
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	34,738	37,330	32,395	40,853	43,332	38,434
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	29,845	31,431	28,411	33,961	35,291	32,663
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	730,710	357,860	372,850	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
In the bottom half of the distribution	428,180	204,170	224,005	687,930	332,640	355,290
In the bottom decile	80,120	37,430	42,695	151,750	74,825	76,930
In the second decile	94,165	42,190	51,980	135,485	62,035	73,450
In the third decile	87,075	41,905	45,170	135,395	64,805	70,590
In the fourth decile	85,610	42,275	43,335	132,755	65,185	67,575
In the fifth decile	81,200	40,375	40,825	132,540	65,790	66,750
In the top half of the distribution	302,530	153,685	148,845	552,770	281,805	270,965
In the sixth decile	77,345	38,915	38,425	127,575	64,305	63,265
In the seventh decile	73,185	37,190	36,005	123,505	62,770	60,735
In the eighth decile	65,090	32,815	32,275	116,805	59,460	57,350
In the ninth decile	52,050	26,635	25,410	104,820	53,835	50,980
In the top decile	34,860	18,130	16,730	80,070	41,435	38,640
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	722,550	353,870	368,680	1,175,720	581,585	594,135
0 to 17 years	131,930	67,285	64,645	260,905	134,075	126,830
0 to 5 years	40,900	20,805	20,100	85,935	44,240	41,695
18 to 64 years	452,805	221,675	231,130	737,035	365,965	371,070
65 years and over	137,820	64,915	72,905	177,780	81,540	96,235
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	123,820	55,990	67,825	180,880	85,185	95,690
0 to 17 years	29,250	14,930	14,320	57,185	29,390	27,790
0 to 5 years	10,285	5,260	5,030	21,325	10,970	10,355
18 to 64 years	66,745	29,975	36,770	98,920	46,630	52,285
65 years and over	27,830	11,090	16,745	24,785	9,165	15,615
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	17.1	15.8	18.4	15.4	14.6	16.1
0 to 17 years (%)	22.2	22.2	22.2	21.9	21.9	21.9
0 to 5 years (%)	25.1	25.3	25.0	24.8	24.8	24.8
18 to 64 years (%)	14.7	13.5	15.9	13.4	12.7	14.1
65 years and over (%)	20.2	17.1	23.0	13.9	11.2	16.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	49,830	24,165	25,660	115,965	56,255	59,705
0 to 17 years	11,520	5,890	5,630	33,260	17,040	16,220
0 to 5 years	4,200	2,145	2,055	12,310	6,325	5,985
18 to 64 years	35,680	17,255	18,425	73,655	35,895	37,760
65 years and over	2,630	1,025	1,605	9,045	3,325	5,725
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.9	6.8	7.0	9.9	9.7	10.0
0 to 17 years (%)	8.7	8.8	8.7	12.7	12.7	12.8
0 to 5 years (%)	10.3	10.3	10.2	14.3	14.3	14.4
18 to 64 years (%)	7.9	7.8	8.0	10.0	9.8	10.2
65 years and over (%)	1.9	1.6	2.2	5.1	4.1	5.9
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	730,710	357,855	372,850	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Official languages	728,310	356,615	371,690	1,224,985	607,375	617,605
English	666,315	326,905	339,415	1,223,665	606,760	616,905
French	310,550	147,845	162,705	108,560	49,435	59,130
Non-official languages	34,880	17,355	17,525	340,250	165,150	175,100
Aboriginal languages	3,065	1,470	1,595	40,465	19,410	21,050
Algonquian languages	2,990	1,455	1,540	38,305	18,375	19,930
Blackfoot	0	0	0	10	0	10
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	0	10	20,975	10,025	10,955
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	10
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	85	25	55
Plains Cree	0	0	0	190	90	100
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	10	1,140	505	640
Woods Cree	0	0	0	130	65	65
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	19,435	9,340	10,095
Eastern Algonquian languages	2,965	1,435	1,530	10	10	0
Malecite	720	335	385	10	10	0
Mi'kmaq	2,265	1,115	1,150	10	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	15	0	17,710	8,520	9,185
Algonquin	0	10	0	10	0	0
Ojibway	10	10	0	9,685	4,560	5,125
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	8,045	3,975	4,070
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	1,120	525	595
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	1,110	520	590
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	1,110	520	595
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	55	10	45	110	55	55
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Inuktitut	45	10	40	80	35	45
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	10
Iroquoian languages	10	0	10	15	10	10
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	10	0	10	15	10	10
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	10
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	10	10	0	210	115	95
Salish languages	0	10	0	0	0	10
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	10	0	10
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	760	365	395
Dakota	0	0	0	760	360	400
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35	15	20
Non-Aboriginal languages	31,865	15,915	15,955	299,900	145,795	154,110
Afro-Asiatic languages	4,355	2,385	1,980	15,730	8,320	7,410
Berber languages	80	40	35	85	50	40
Kabyle	40	20	15	45	25	20
Berber languages, n.i.e.	40	25	20	50	35	10
Cushitic languages	15	10	0	2,300	1,195	1,105
Bilen	0	0	0	210	120	85
Oromo	0	0	0	535	275	260
Somali	10	10	0	1,550	790	760
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	15	10
Semitic languages	4,300	2,340	1,960	13,685	7,300	6,390
Amharic	165	100	65	2,475	1,370	1,105
Arabic	3,685	2,030	1,660	6,650	3,590	3,055
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	15	0	10
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	10	0
Hebrew	435	205	230	3,370	1,735	1,635
Maltese	0	10	0	65	30	35
Tigrigna	50	25	25	2,225	1,175	1,050
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	155	80	80
Austro-Asiatic languages	835	430	400	5,230	2,545	2,685
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	0	335	185	150
Vietnamese	820	435	390	4,905	2,370	2,535
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	1,790	695	1,090	65,305	30,220	35,090
Bikol	10	0	10	225	100	125
Cebuano	185	70	115	1,615	805	810
Fijian	0	0	0	65	35	30
Hiligaynon	35	10	30	425	180	245
Ilocano	50	10	45	1,875	880	990
Malagasy	25	10	15	0	0	0
Malay	75	20	55	375	180	195
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	945	415	530
Pangasinan	0	0	0	205	100	110
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,595	625	970	64,165	29,640	34,520
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	115	55	55
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	15	0	200	80	120
Creole languages	430	195	235	1,310	605	705
Haitian Creole	50	20	30	25	10	15
Creole, n.o.s.	240	105	135	635	310	315
Creole languages, n.i.e.	140	75	65	680	305	375
Dravidian languages	435	245	195	1,840	945	895
Kannada	60	30	25	175	95	80
Malayalam	55	35	25	830	400	430
Tamil	190	115	75	655	330	325
Telugu	175	90	85	255	150	110
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	15	10	10
Hmong-Mien languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	16,505	8,155	8,350	175,950	86,435	89,510
Albanian	80	45	35	390	195	195
Armenian	60	35	25	65	50	15
Balto-Slavic languages	2,065	1,100	965	39,530	18,780	20,745
Baltic languages	55	40	20	230	90	140
Latvian	20	10	10	115	45	70
Lithuanian	30	20	10	120	50	65
Slavic languages	2,025	1,070	955	39,360	18,720	20,640
Belarusan	10	0	0	65	25	45
Bosnian	75	40	40	835	405	430
Bulgarian	45	15	35	155	95	60
Croatian	95	45	55	1,595	765	825
Czech	115	65	45	735	335	395
Macedonian	35	25	10	140	75	60
Polish	320	165	160	7,655	3,625	4,035
Russian	1,200	630	570	13,455	6,715	6,740
Serbian	90	70	20	870	470	400
Serbo-Croatian	40	30	10	190	75	115
Slovak	45	15	30	480	215	260
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	10	0	275	100	175
Ukrainian	310	145	165	17,095	7,795	9,305
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	70	35	30
Celtic languages	140	40	100	225	125	100
Scottish Gaelic	95	20	75	90	65	25
Welsh	10	0	10	90	45	45
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	45	15	25
Germanic languages	4,745	2,360	2,380	68,285	33,250	35,035
Afrikaans	130	70	60	715	330	385
Danish	155	60	95	270	120	150
Dutch	1,185	560	625	3,120	1,555	1,565
Frisian	50	40	15	90	65	30
German	3,260	1,675	1,580	61,760	30,170	31,600
Icelandic	10	10	0	560	225	335
Norwegian	130	65	65	290	115	175
Swedish	110	45	60	270	125	150
Vlaams (Flemish)	40	20	25	270	120	155
Yiddish	20	20	0	545	235	315
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,490	1,285	1,205
Greek	220	125	95	2,010	1,015	1,000
Indo-Iranian languages	2,325	1,275	1,050	38,760	20,480	18,280
Indo-Aryan languages	1,570	875	695	35,830	18,990	16,835
Bengali	225	150	80	1,520	885	635
Gujarati	110	45	65	3,905	2,065	1,840
Hindi	790	430	355	12,900	6,900	6,000
Kashmiri	0	0	0	20	15	10
Konkani	0	0	0	40	30	10
Marathi	55	20	30	275	170	105
Nepali	185	90	95	600	285	315
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	15	10	10
Punjabi (Panjabi)	205	130	75	22,900	12,035	10,865
Sindhi	0	0	0	150	85	65
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	35	10	20	920	500	420
Urdu	355	215	140	4,600	2,540	2,060
Iranian languages	805	430	375	3,035	1,525	1,515
Kurdish	130	65	60	600	295	305
Pashto	60	45	20	290	135	150
Persian (Farsi)	620	330	285	2,295	1,175	1,120
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	230	125	105
Italic (Romance) languages	7,600	3,540	4,055	34,360	16,630	17,735
Catalan	15	10	0	15	10	10
Italian	825	405	420	5,350	2,610	2,735
Portuguese	450	250	200	8,460	4,125	4,335
Romanian	555	290	265	785	395	390
Spanish	6,065	2,775	3,290	20,605	9,910	10,695
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	60	45	15
Japanese	430	190	240	1,160	550	605
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	10	0	15
Georgian	0	0	0	15	0	15
Korean	1,695	860	835	4,240	2,100	2,145
Mongolic languages	10	10	10	55	20	35
Mongolian	15	10	10	55	20	30
Niger-Congo languages	1,525	890	640	7,970	4,125	3,845
Akan (Twi)	35	15	25	260	165	95
Bamanankan	155	70	85	160	95	65
Edo	0	0	0	95	60	30
Ewe	0	0	0	50	30	20
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	100	85	15	50	25	25
Ga	10	10	0	30	10	15
Ganda	10	10	0	230	110	120
Igbo	60	50	15	665	345	325
Lingala	125	95	35	655	315	345
Rundi (Kirundi)	90	55	35	205	105	105
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	70	40	30	305	155	155
Shona	40	15	25	250	110	140
Swahili	355	185	170	1,930	1,020	905
Wolof	70	45	25	150	85	70
Yoruba	60	45	20	2,630	1,330	1,295
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	545	315	230	1,440	765	680
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	0	0	410	225	185
Dinka	0	0	0	180	105	75
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	225	120	105
Sign languages	1,155	450	705	2,670	985	1,685
American Sign Language	425	150	280	1,710	625	1,090
Quebec Sign Language	15	10	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	745	305	435	975	365	610
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,585	1,885	1,700	21,130	10,490	10,650
Chinese languages	3,510	1,855	1,660	20,475	10,185	10,285
Cantonese	610	285	320	8,310	3,920	4,390
Hakka	0	0	0	50	30	20
Mandarin	2,760	1,455	1,310	12,825	6,460	6,365
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	60	30	30	480	230	250
Wu (Shanghainese)	140	65	75	185	95	85
Chinese, n.o.s.	310	195	115	1,115	600	510
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	40	10	30	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	70	30	40	675	310	370
Burmese	0	0	0	185	115	70
Karenic languages	65	25	45	465	200	265
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	145	60	80
Tai-Kadai languages	85	20	65	1,565	730	835
Lao	10	0	10	1,120	520	600
Thai	80	20	60	575	270	305
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Turkic languages	175	105	75	510	250	265
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	50	25	30
Turkish	165	105	60	365	180	185
Uyghur	0	0	0	30	15	10
Uzbek	0	0	0	40	20	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	45	15	30
Uralic languages	270	130	140	1,550	730	815
Estonian	20	15	0	45	20	25
Finnish	35	15	20	265	105	160
Hungarian	220	105	115	1,235	600	635
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	100	70	30	445	290	150
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	730,710	357,855	372,855	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	710,775	347,905	362,875	1,133,080	560,165	572,920
Canadian citizens aged under 18	130,785	66,795	63,990	266,225	136,640	129,585
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	579,995	281,110	298,880	866,855	423,520	443,335
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	19,925	9,950	9,980	107,620	54,280	53,340
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	730,710	357,855	372,850	1,240,700	614,445	626,255
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	692,535	339,090	353,445	996,860	494,285	502,570
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	33,810	16,175	17,640	227,465	111,095	116,365
Before 1981	11,545	5,265	6,275	50,025	23,340	26,680
1981 to 1990	2,735	1,340	1,390	20,205	10,190	10,010
1991 to 2000	2,975	1,490	1,490	23,040	11,165	11,875
2001 to 2010	7,235	3,530	3,710	70,985	35,305	35,680
2001 to 2005	2,435	1,110	1,330	22,570	11,195	11,370
2006 to 2010	4,800	2,415	2,385	48,415	24,110	24,305
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	9,330	4,560	4,770	63,210	31,095	32,120
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	4,360	2,590	1,770	16,375	9,055	7,320
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	33,815	16,175	17,635	227,470	111,100	116,370
Under 5 years	5,135	2,350	2,790	25,595	12,975	12,625
5 to 14 years	7,290	3,585	3,705	45,570	23,305	22,265
15 to 24 years	5,790	2,525	3,265	44,585	20,820	23,770
25 to 44 years	12,640	6,100	6,535	93,700	45,160	48,540
45 years and over	2,955	1,615	1,340	18,010	8,845	9,170
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	33,815	16,175	17,635	227,465	111,095	116,365
Americas	9,420	4,205	5,210	31,980	15,285	16,700
Brazil	55	20	30	435	170	265
Colombia	215	85	130	1,050	510	545
El Salvador	115	85	30	2,480	1,325	1,155
Guyana	80	40	45	1,135	515	620
Haiti	170	70	100	155	75	80
Jamaica	120	85	40	1,810	835	970
Mexico	160	50	110	6,655	3,330	3,320
Peru	60	35	25	235	85	150
Trinidad and Tobago	115	70	40	1,505	785	720
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	7,620	3,315	4,305	7,100	3,100	4,000
Other places of birth in Americas	715	355	360	9,425	4,550	4,875
Europe	10,985	5,335	5,650	56,705	27,815	28,890
Bosnia and Herzegovina	100	55	50	1,055	530	525
Croatia	60	35	25	975	445	535
France	760	425	340	795	425	365
Germany	1,615	740	880	10,390	5,215	5,175
Greece	95	60	40	820	445	375
Hungary	100	35	65	815	435	375
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	160	75	85	650	310	340
Italy	210	125	85	2,755	1,405	1,350
Netherlands	975	505	465	2,250	1,185	1,060
Poland	195	90	100	5,280	2,455	2,820
Portugal	130	85	45	4,380	2,170	2,210
Romania	485	245	240	720	345	375
Russian Federation	245	115	135	4,245	2,035	2,210
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	30	25	10	355	175	175
Ukraine	250	120	130	4,765	2,250	2,515
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	4,600	2,160	2,445	11,665	5,655	6,015
Other places of birth in Europe	970	455	515	4,790	2,325	2,470
Africa	2,565	1,420	1,140	17,975	9,495	8,485
Algeria	165	90	75	115	60	55
Egypt	120	75	45	980	525	455
Ethiopia	120	65	60	2,525	1,360	1,165
Kenya	60	30	30	935	470	465
Morocco	200	120	75	250	140	110
Nigeria	115	65	50	3,820	2,070	1,750
Somalia	15	10	10	755	350	415
South Africa, Republic of	165	85	80	975	465	505
Other places of birth in Africa	1,615	885	725	7,630	4,055	3,570
Asia	10,625	5,105	5,520	120,230	58,215	62,015
Afghanistan	20	10	0	615	285	330
Bangladesh	100	55	50	880	475	400
China^{Census data footnote 59}	2,210	1,040	1,175	9,250	4,460	4,790
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	120	60	55	1,460	715	735
India	820	435	380	21,990	11,395	10,595
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	490	260	230	1,180	655	530
Iraq	70	25	45	860	460	400
Japan	90	15	75	225	70	150
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	1,495	775	720	2,880	1,415	1,470
Lebanon	390	225	165	265	165	100
Pakistan	225	130	95	3,125	1,675	1,450
Philippines	1,340	475	870	61,950	28,800	33,150
Sri Lanka	40	15	30	1,015	515	505
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	1,225	605	620	805	390	410
Taiwan	80	25	55	215	110	110
Viet Nam	720	355	365	4,225	2,035	2,185
Other places of birth in Asia	1,195	600	595	9,285	4,590	4,695
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	220	110	110	575	290	280
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	9,325	4,555	4,775	63,210	31,095	32,115
Americas	900	430	475	4,130	1,840	2,290
Brazil	20	10	10	100	35	65
Colombia	40	20	15	185	70	120
Cuba	10	10	10	75	25	55
Haiti	45	15	30	15	10	0
Jamaica	40	25	10	340	175	165
Mexico	25	10	20	875	415	465
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	585	285	300	970	445	525
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	25	10	20	75	30	40
Other places of birth in Americas	110	45	70	1,490	640	850
Europe	1,405	695	710	5,155	2,650	2,505
France	300	165	130	135	70	75
Germany	85	45	45	580	310	265
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	30	15	15	135	80	60
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	25	10	20	160	85	70
Romania	245	130	120	70	30	35
Russian Federation	90	35	55	1,145	530	610
Ukraine	100	50	50	1,320	670	650
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	240	145	100	550	290	265
Other places of birth in Europe	280	105	180	1,060	590	470
Africa	975	550	425	7,860	4,120	3,735
Algeria	15	20	0	20	10	10
Cameroon	45	35	10	65	45	20
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	155	75	80	740	360	380
Côte d'Ivoire	10	0	0	95	35	60
Egypt	40	20	20	415	220	190
Eritrea	35	15	25	795	430	360
Ethiopia	45	20	25	810	425	380
Morocco	40	30	10	70	30	35
Nigeria	40	15	25	2,630	1,415	1,215
Somalia	10	0	10	385	160	215
South Africa, Republic of	35	20	15	225	110	120
Tunisia	50	30	20	65	45	20
Other places of birth in Africa	455	265	185	1,555	820	735
Asia	6,015	2,865	3,150	45,915	22,395	23,520
Afghanistan	0	0	0	60	35	25
Bangladesh	25	10	15	360	195	170
China^{Census data footnote 59}	1,390	690	700	3,390	1,635	1,760
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	10	10	0	185	105	80
India	265	140	125	10,915	5,675	5,240
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	255	130	125	425	230	195
Iraq	45	20	25	330	175	155
Israel	200	90	110	595	340	260
Japan	15	0	15	45	25	25
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	600	290	310	1,300	665	640
Lebanon	130	75	55	140	100	35
Nepal	45	15	35	210	70	140
Pakistan	70	40	30	1,535	800	735
Philippines	925	345	580	22,885	10,645	12,245
Saudi Arabia	45	40	10	325	145	180
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	250	140	115
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	1,145	550	595	635	325	310
Taiwan	10	0	0	20	0	10
Turkey	45	40	10	40	30	10
United Arab Emirates	30	20	10	110	55	55
Viet Nam	500	250	255	495	220	275
Other places of birth in Asia	265	100	160	1,650	785	870
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	40	25	15	150	80	70
Australia	20	10	10	80	25	60
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	20	10	10	65	55	15
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	730,710	357,855	372,850	1,240,695	614,440	626,260
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	41,395	20,445	20,955	249,625	123,035	126,585
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	43,370	21,150	22,220	197,530	97,135	100,395
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	645,945	316,270	329,675	793,545	394,265	399,280
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	22,665	11,085	11,575	180,810	89,380	91,425
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	13,205	6,735	6,470	119,845	60,680	59,165
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	5,115	3,595	1,520	44,415	27,435	16,980
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	8,090	3,140	4,950	75,430	33,250	42,185
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	6,100	2,625	3,475	39,875	17,355	22,525
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	3,240	1,675	1,570	20,550	11,155	9,395
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	110	55	60	540	195	345
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	730,710	357,860	372,855	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	29,385	14,690	14,695	223,310	108,495	114,815
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	28,160	14,120	14,040	220,470	107,145	113,330
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	17,575	8,555	9,015	130,510	62,955	67,550
Métis	10,200	5,370	4,835	89,355	43,895	45,465
Inuk (Inuit)	385	190	190	610	295	310
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	470	210	260	2,020	985	1,030
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	750	360	390	820	365	450
Non-Aboriginal identity	701,325	343,170	358,155	1,017,385	505,945	511,445
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	730,705	357,855	372,850	1,240,700	614,440	626,255
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	14,305	7,085	7,225	127,250	61,300	65,950
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	716,405	350,775	365,625	1,113,450	553,140	560,305
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	730,710	357,860	372,850	1,240,700	614,440	626,255
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	12,785	6,335	6,450	110,630	53,980	56,645
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	12,495	6,175	6,320	108,055	52,775	55,285
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	10,635	5,200	5,435	93,070	45,490	47,580
Métis single ancestry	1,695	900	800	14,835	7,210	7,625
Inuit single ancestry	165	75	85	155	75	80
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	290	165	130	2,570	1,205	1,365
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	235	125	110	2,495	1,160	1,335
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	25	15	15	50	30	15
Métis and Inuit ancestries	20	20	0	15	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	10	0	0	10	10	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	33,795	16,295	17,500	114,605	55,480	59,120
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	32,505	15,690	16,815	107,535	52,250	55,285
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	24,255	11,640	12,615	40,265	19,440	20,820
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	7,765	3,810	3,955	66,810	32,600	34,215
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	480	240	245	460	210	250
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	1,295	600	690	7,070	3,235	3,835
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,165	540	630	6,800	3,100	3,705
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	60	30	30	120	65	55
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	40	20	25	130	55	80
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	25	15	10	10	10	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	684,125	335,230	348,895	1,015,465	504,980	510,485
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	730,710	357,855	372,850	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	24,535	12,470	12,070	216,850	108,315	108,530
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	2,535	1,385	1,150	42,060	22,200	19,855
Chinese	3,925	1,970	1,955	22,540	11,340	11,195
Black	7,000	3,540	3,460	30,335	15,790	14,550
Filipino	1,980	835	1,145	79,815	37,935	41,885
Latin American	1,285	650	635	9,895	4,840	5,050
Arab	2,960	1,650	1,310	5,030	2,705	2,325
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	1,230	600	630	8,565	4,155	4,410
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	730	415	320	2,695	1,420	1,270
Korean	1,685	885	800	4,375	2,195	2,180
Japanese	230	70	160	1,850	880	975
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	305	135	175	3,195	1,610	1,590
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	675	345	330	6,485	3,235	3,250
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	706,170	345,385	360,785	1,023,850	506,125	517,725
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	730,705	357,860	372,850	1,240,700	614,440	626,255
North American Aboriginal origins	46,585	22,625	23,955	225,230	109,465	115,770
First Nations (North American Indian)	36,405	17,570	18,840	142,820	69,305	73,510
Inuit	830	420	410	955	460	500
Métis	10,960	5,435	5,530	91,120	44,150	46,970
Other North American origins	428,865	209,615	219,250	247,670	123,075	124,600
Acadian	29,505	14,455	15,060	645	325	320
American	7,175	3,575	3,605	9,220	4,605	4,615
Canadian	407,370	199,020	208,350	240,835	119,610	121,225
New Brunswicker	240	135	105	10	0	10
Newfoundlander	445	190	250	215	130	90
Nova Scotian	65	40	25	20	15	0
Ontarian	0	0	10	20	20	0
Québécois	770	410	365	280	150	125
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	20	20	0	30	10	25
European origins	424,850	206,715	218,135	826,210	406,770	419,445
British Isles origins	314,655	151,970	162,690	421,515	206,840	214,675
Channel Islander	125	45	85	45	25	25
Cornish	45	25	20	85	45	40
English	168,205	80,795	87,415	245,960	119,975	125,985
Irish	147,245	69,515	77,730	156,145	74,290	81,850
Manx	45	40	10	200	100	100
Scottish	134,455	64,400	70,055	208,065	100,790	107,265
Welsh	10,110	4,825	5,290	17,760	8,575	9,180
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	10,640	4,885	5,755	19,610	9,260	10,355
French origins	163,270	79,105	84,165	148,810	72,060	76,750
Alsatian	15	10	0	20	15	15
Breton	55	30	30	120	40	75
Corsican	0	0	0	0	10	0
French	163,245	79,090	84,155	148,740	72,020	76,720
Western European origins (except French origins)	49,825	24,100	25,725	286,985	141,285	145,705
Austrian	1,000	530	475	12,325	6,190	6,135
Bavarian	0	0	0	15	10	0
Belgian	1,470	650	815	21,510	10,495	11,020
Dutch	15,230	7,290	7,945	55,525	27,375	28,150
Flemish	100	65	40	965	445	515
Frisian	40	25	15	140	75	55
German	34,205	16,575	17,630	220,735	108,650	112,080
Luxembourger	0	10	0	155	65	90
Swiss	1,145	545	595	5,475	2,660	2,810
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	35	20	15	140	65	75
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	10,400	5,080	5,320	80,295	38,580	41,720
Danish	3,960	1,885	2,075	7,895	3,850	4,050
Finnish	465	235	225	4,000	1,905	2,095
Icelandic	250	135	115	31,090	15,265	15,825
Norwegian	3,330	1,650	1,680	19,600	9,145	10,455
Swedish	2,010	1,010	1,005	22,470	10,530	11,945
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	820	410	410	2,540	1,260	1,285
Eastern European origins	11,590	5,600	5,995	287,695	141,310	146,380
Bulgarian	155	60	100	330	190	145
Byelorussian	85	45	40	885	430	455
Czech	435	215	225	4,590	2,165	2,425
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	175	80	100	2,155	1,120	1,040
Estonian	100	35	60	190	80	115
Hungarian	1,280	615	665	10,120	4,990	5,125
Latvian	185	105	80	1,365	655	715
Lithuanian	325	165	160	1,455	750	705
Moldovan	35	20	15	325	170	160
Polish	3,445	1,670	1,780	88,090	42,670	45,420
Romanian	945	485	460	5,835	2,790	3,045
Russian	2,260	1,015	1,245	58,225	28,625	29,605
Slovak	250	130	125	2,190	1,055	1,135
Ukrainian	3,535	1,750	1,785	180,055	88,615	91,445
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	70	25	45	895	415	480
Southern European origins	13,450	6,560	6,890	59,915	29,445	30,470
Albanian	120	65	55	415	220	195
Bosnian	120	65	55	1,030	505	520
Catalan	10	10	0	15	0	15
Croatian	310	120	190	2,930	1,430	1,500
Cypriot	30	20	10	45	25	15
Greek	950	485	465	4,130	2,070	2,060
Italian	7,460	3,615	3,845	23,210	11,675	11,530
Kosovar	0	0	0	45	20	25
Macedonian	80	35	45	225	120	110
Maltese	115	45	65	360	165	195
Montenegrin	20	20	0	40	10	30
Portuguese	1,785	840	945	14,540	7,215	7,320
Serbian	130	90	35	1,240	660	580
Sicilian	15	10	0	235	110	125
Slovenian	130	60	60	1,005	485	520
Spanish	2,555	1,220	1,330	12,625	5,680	6,945
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	120	55	65	1,060	540	525
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	20	10	10	65	40	30
Other European origins	1,805	960	840	10,950	5,550	5,400
Basque	90	50	40	100	65	35
Jewish	785	410	375	8,455	4,250	4,200
Roma (Gypsy)	30	20	15	155	70	85
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	30	10	15	185	100	85
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	875	480	395	2,130	1,090	1,040
Caribbean origins	2,275	1,045	1,230	10,805	5,355	5,450
Antiguan	0	0	0	60	20	40
Bahamian	35	15	15	60	35	25
Barbadian	100	60	40	740	390	350
Bermudan	130	40	90	40	30	15
Carib	10	0	0	65	30	40
Cuban	235	135	100	340	155	190
Dominican	80	35	40	275	145	135
Grenadian	20	0	15	160	85	80
Guadeloupean	35	20	15	0	0	0
Haitian	305	140	160	235	90	150
Jamaican	750	350	395	4,585	2,250	2,335
Kittitian/Nevisian	10	10	0	10	10	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	85	40	40	70	25	45
St. Lucian	15	10	10	30	20	15
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	150	70	75	2,395	1,240	1,160
Vincentian/Grenadinian	45	10	35	190	90	105
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	245	110	135	1,465	705	760
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	185	65	120	665	360	305
Latin, Central and South American origins	2,135	1,110	1,025	23,115	11,555	11,565
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	65	40	25	650	330	320
Arawak	0	0	0	10	10	10
Argentinian	30	10	20	475	230	245
Belizean	0	0	10	200	105	100
Bolivian	55	35	20	300	160	140
Brazilian	60	15	45	830	375	455
Chilean	95	40	55	1,520	720	795
Colombian	265	105	160	1,400	680	715
Costa Rican	30	15	15	65	40	25
Ecuadorian	30	20	10	125	70	55
Guatemalan	125	40	85	505	240	260
Guyanese	115	50	70	1,485	770	715
Hispanic	75	35	35	425	210	220
Honduran	50	20	25	520	245	280
Maya	90	45	45	220	135	80
Mexican	700	395	300	8,790	4,440	4,350
Nicaraguan	20	20	0	370	200	170
Panamanian	15	15	0	50	10	40
Paraguayan	0	0	0	2,080	1,070	1,010
Peruvian	90	45	45	350	130	225
Salvadorean	135	95	40	2,735	1,425	1,315
Uruguayan	10	0	0	35	10	20
Venezuelan	60	35	30	240	95	150
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	110	65	50	1,045	525	520
African origins	6,705	3,535	3,170	28,860	14,980	13,885
Central and West African origins	1,835	1,045	790	8,665	4,585	4,085
Akan	20	10	10	35	10	25
Angolan	25	10	10	10	10	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	25	10	10
Beninese	0	10	0	55	45	0
Burkinabe	75	50	30	20	10	10
Cameroonian	150	110	40	145	80	70
Chadian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Congolese	415	250	165	1,575	785	790
Edo	10	0	0	130	85	45
Ewe	0	0	0	15	10	10
Gabonese	15	10	0	25	20	10
Gambian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Ghanaian	90	55	35	380	220	170
Guinean	175	125	50	70	20	50
Ibo	80	55	25	435	205	225
Ivorian	60	30	30	120	45	75
Liberian	80	45	35	80	20	55
Malian	125	55	65	140	85	55
Malinké	0	0	0	35	20	10
Nigerian	230	115	115	3,860	2,130	1,735
Peulh	40	25	20	25	15	15
Senegalese	105	45	60	115	70	40
Sierra Leonean	20	0	20	320	155	165
Togolese	40	20	25	115	60	55
Wolof	0	0	0	25	10	15
Yoruba	50	25	25	1,050	540	510
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	225	135	90	545	260	285
North African origins	1,200	705	495	3,690	1,980	1,705
Algerian	190	90	90	100	35	60
Berber	180	105	70	150	90	55
Coptic	0	0	0	85	45	40
Dinka	0	0	0	30	25	10
Egyptian	210	130	80	1,335	720	620
Libyan	185	85	100	360	175	185
Maure	0	0	0	100	70	30
Moroccan	365	255	115	350	190	160
Sudanese	15	10	10	1,075	580	500
Tunisian	140	80	60	130	65	60
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	15	10	10	75	40	35
Southern and East African origins	1,050	565	485	10,500	5,420	5,080
Afrikaner	0	0	0	65	40	30
Amhara	0	0	0	140	100	45
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	30	25	0	150	90	65
Burundian	105	55	50	235	110	125
Djiboutian	0	0	0	45	30	15
Eritrean	115	80	40	2,300	1,240	1,055
Ethiopian	180	105	70	2,900	1,505	1,395
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	10	0	0	335	165	170
Malagasy	60	20	35	25	15	10
Mauritian	0	10	0	245	125	115
Oromo	30	10	20	325	185	140
Rwandan	105	50	55	300	145	155
Seychellois	10	0	10	45	20	30
Somali	30	25	0	1,740	900	845
South African	225	95	130	730	310	420
Tanzanian	0	0	0	90	55	30
Tigrian	0	0	0	320	200	120
Ugandan	25	15	15	255	125	130
Zambian	25	10	15	200	95	110
Zimbabwean	60	30	30	310	150	160
Zulu	0	0	0	30	15	10
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	80	40	40	440	230	210
Other African origins	2,850	1,360	1,485	6,670	3,350	3,325
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	385	140	245	825	405	415
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	2,475	1,225	1,245	5,925	2,965	2,965
Asian origins	19,410	9,775	9,635	178,655	88,885	89,765
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	6,835	3,590	3,240	11,850	6,130	5,715
Afghan	25	10	20	1,010	485	530
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	590	300	295	1,755	975	785
Armenian	115	60	50	495	250	250
Assyrian	15	10	0	40	30	10
Azerbaijani	10	0	10	55	35	20
Georgian	10	10	10	110	60	45
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	665	365	305	1,885	1,015	870
Iraqi	105	50	55	925	480	450
Israeli	175	85	90	775	410	360
Jordanian	180	105	75	235	100	135
Kazakh	0	10	0	335	185	145
Kurd	80	45	30	305	145	160
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	40	20	25
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	45	30	20
Lebanese	2,825	1,435	1,395	1,375	700	675
Palestinian	75	40	30	620	340	275
Pashtun	20	10	10	65	25	40
Saudi Arabian	85	65	20	170	95	70
Syrian	1,685	865	825	1,115	535	580
Tajik	0	0	0	55	20	40
Tatar	25	10	15	310	155	155
Turk	235	150	85	655	315	340
Turkmen	10	15	0	10	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	10	10	0
Uzbek	40	25	10	70	45	20
Yemeni	35	20	15	100	45	55
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	50	35	15	305	145	155
South Asian origins	2,975	1,590	1,385	43,155	22,710	20,440
Bangladeshi	150	95	55	880	500	385
Bengali	50	40	10	200	115	85
Bhutanese	35	20	15	140	55	85
East Indian	2,150	1,105	1,045	34,470	18,110	16,355
Goan	0	0	0	50	30	30
Gujarati	0	0	0	220	120	100
Kashmiri	10	0	0	30	10	15
Nepali	160	75	90	500	250	250
Pakistani	255	160	100	3,370	1,795	1,575
Punjabi	45	35	15	3,830	1,995	1,840
Sinhalese	15	0	10	280	145	135
Sri Lankan	100	45	55	1,090	545	545
Tamil	25	15	10	245	145	105
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	85	50	35	725	415	305
East and Southeast Asian origins	9,640	4,610	5,030	124,100	60,175	63,925
Burmese	25	15	10	260	125	135
Cambodian (Khmer)	60	30	30	525	280	240
Chinese	4,480	2,230	2,250	30,150	14,980	15,170
Filipino	2,130	870	1,265	83,530	39,955	43,580
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	100	30	65	530	265	265
Japanese	305	115	185	2,675	1,305	1,365
Karen	65	30	35	455	195	255
Korean	1,675	875	795	4,545	2,300	2,240
Laotian	0	10	0	1,730	820	910
Malaysian	30	15	15	470	240	230
Mongolian	45	30	15	150	60	90
Singaporean	10	10	0	20	10	10
Taiwanese	60	30	30	150	90	60
Thai	100	30	70	750	335	420
Tibetan	0	0	0	15	10	10
Vietnamese	885	450	435	5,850	2,915	2,935
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	10	0	10	145	70	80
Other Asian origins	110	70	45	575	320	260
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	115	65	45	575	320	260
Oceania origins	470	210	260	1,525	740	785
Australian	290	120	165	910	415	495
New Zealander	135	70	70	315	170	140
Pacific Islands origins	55	30	20	345	180	165
Fijian	0	0	0	80	45	30
Hawaiian	30	10	15	60	30	30
Maori	10	10	0	55	30	25
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	10	0	10	95	45	45
Samoan	0	0	0	25	0	15
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	10	10	0	65	30	35
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	319,770	...	...	489,050	...	...
Owner	238,040	...	...	336,170	...	...
Renter	79,865	...	...	140,260	...	...
Band housing	1,865	...	...	12,620	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	319,770	...	...	489,050	...	...
Condominium	10,580	...	...	33,325	...	...
Not condominium	309,195	...	...	455,725	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	319,775	...	...	489,050	...	...
No bedrooms	680	...	...	3,745	...	...
1 bedroom	28,370	...	...	63,040	...	...
2 bedrooms	88,115	...	...	121,520	...	...
3 bedrooms	125,865	...	...	175,500	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	76,745	...	...	125,240	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	319,770	...	...	489,050	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	66,540	...	...	132,410	...	...
5 rooms	56,365	...	...	82,935	...	...
6 rooms	54,070	...	...	78,750	...	...
7 rooms	45,825	...	...	64,560	...	...
8 or more rooms	96,970	...	...	130,400	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	319,770	...	...	489,050	...	...
One person or fewer per room	318,195	...	...	473,625	...	...
More than 1 person per room	1,575	...	...	15,420	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	319,770	...	...	489,050	...	...
Suitable	312,370	...	...	456,365	...	...
Not suitable	7,405	...	...	32,680	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	319,770	...	...	489,050	...	...
1960 or before	76,690	...	...	142,200	...	...
1961 to 1980	98,720	...	...	158,180	...	...
1981 to 1990	45,630	...	...	65,190	...	...
1991 to 2000	39,825	...	...	42,740	...	...
2001 to 2005	19,090	...	...	20,815	...	...
2006 to 2010	22,530	...	...	27,880	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	17,290	...	...	32,035	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	319,770	...	...	489,050	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	293,155	...	...	444,995	...	...
Major repairs needed	26,625	...	...	44,055	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	319,770	...	...	489,050	...	...
1 household maintainer	195,585	...	...	290,830	...	...
2 household maintainers	120,195	...	...	187,775	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	3,995	...	...	10,445	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	319,775	...	...	489,050	...	...
15 to 24 years	10,375	...	...	17,240	...	...
25 to 34 years	38,585	...	...	74,950	...	...
35 to 44 years	50,050	...	...	84,800	...	...
45 to 54 years	61,860	...	...	95,135	...	...
55 to 64 years	68,145	...	...	96,255	...	...
65 to 74 years	53,435	...	...	67,475	...	...
75 to 84 years	27,655	...	...	37,760	...	...
85 years and over	9,675	...	...	15,440	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	314,325	...	...	461,870	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	261,385	...	...	373,860	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	52,935	...	...	88,010	...	...
30% to less than 100%	47,190	...	...	76,075	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	235,950	...	...	324,120	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	55.9	...	...	60.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	10.3	...	...	11.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	741	...	...	973	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	876	...	...	1,085	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	150,010	...	...	275,473	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	170,071	...	...	297,444	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	79,370	...	...	138,905	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	14.4	...	...	19.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	36.5	...	...	36.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	704	...	...	868	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	741	...	...	891	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	620,395	301,650	318,745	1,001,305	491,580	509,725
No certificate, diploma or degree	136,745	71,600	65,140	220,390	116,570	103,820
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	176,750	85,345	91,405	296,355	147,040	149,320
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	306,895	144,700	162,200	484,555	227,975	256,585
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	56,595	39,965	16,630	77,000	54,090	22,910
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	29,630	17,320	12,315	37,490	21,985	15,500
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	26,965	22,645	4,320	39,515	32,110	7,410
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	135,065	56,055	79,005	177,620	72,785	104,840
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	11,610	3,995	7,620	28,940	12,075	16,860
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	103,630	44,685	58,945	200,990	89,020	111,970
Bachelor's degree	73,330	30,165	43,165	143,780	61,350	82,430
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	6,735	2,795	3,935	16,040	6,675	9,365
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	2,755	1,600	1,160	6,105	3,515	2,595
Master's degree	17,745	8,170	9,585	29,305	13,830	15,470
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	3,065	1,955	1,110	5,765	3,645	2,115
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	400,785	194,715	206,070	654,670	323,300	331,370
No certificate, diploma or degree	55,645	32,390	23,260	94,310	54,700	39,610
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	114,330	56,430	57,895	182,335	93,000	89,330
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	230,810	105,890	124,915	378,030	175,595	202,435
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	37,710	26,335	11,375	53,800	38,185	15,620
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	19,900	11,430	8,475	25,955	15,460	10,490
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	17,805	14,905	2,900	27,850	22,725	5,125
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	104,595	43,695	60,900	137,930	57,445	80,485
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	7,685	2,660	5,020	21,215	8,995	12,220
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	80,825	33,195	47,625	165,085	70,970	94,115
Bachelor's degree	57,560	23,115	34,450	119,150	50,120	69,035
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	5,160	1,920	3,240	12,185	4,840	7,350
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	2,190	1,110	1,080	5,075	2,705	2,370
Master's degree	13,730	5,770	7,960	24,410	10,815	13,595
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	2,190	1,285	905	4,270	2,495	1,770
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	620,395	301,645	318,745	1,001,305	491,585	509,725
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	313,495	156,945	156,545	516,750	263,605	253,140
Education	25,570	6,725	18,845	44,855	11,705	33,145
13. Education	25,565	6,720	18,845	44,855	11,710	33,145
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	6,140	2,800	3,335	13,170	6,230	6,940
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,155	905	250	2,415	1,860	550
50. Visual and performing arts	4,990	1,900	3,085	10,755	4,365	6,390
Humanities	12,430	5,245	7,190	23,030	9,915	13,110
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	1,040	255	785	1,775	400	1,380
23. English language and literature/letters	2,395	715	1,675	3,905	1,110	2,795
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	3,055	1,065	1,990	7,065	2,820	4,240
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	55	20	35	60	25	30
38. Philosophy and religious studies	725	455	270	1,590	940	650
39. Theology and religious vocations	2,150	1,325	825	4,510	2,590	1,925
54. History	2,190	1,185	1,005	3,410	1,855	1,555
55. French language and literature/letters	830	220	605	705	175	530
Social and behavioural sciences and law	23,780	6,945	16,835	46,555	15,805	30,750
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	190	35	155	880	220	660
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,725	710	1,015	3,115	1,225	1,890
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	6,015	305	5,710	10,760	795	9,965
22. Legal professions and studies	3,935	1,325	2,615	7,130	2,365	4,760
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	420	95	325	955	305	650
42. Psychology	5,075	1,355	3,725	8,155	2,385	5,770
45. Social sciences	6,420	3,120	3,300	15,565	8,510	7,055
Business, management and public administration	67,605	19,470	48,135	95,115	34,865	60,255
30.16 Accounting and computer science	230	35	190	320	105	210
44. Public administration and social service professions	5,670	1,010	4,660	7,670	1,875	5,790
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	61,705	18,425	43,285	87,125	32,875	54,250
Physical and life sciences and technologies	7,625	3,930	3,700	16,120	8,165	7,950
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	3,320	1,525	1,800	6,625	2,990	3,640
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,845	825	1,025	4,325	2,285	2,040
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	130	30	100	470	70	395
40. Physical sciences	1,720	1,265	455	3,685	2,585	1,095
41. Science technologies/technicians	610	285	325	1,020	240	780
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	11,275	7,185	4,095	18,425	11,380	7,050
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	9,975	6,640	3,335	15,225	10,050	5,175
25. Library science	620	95	525	1,140	175	965
27. Mathematics and statistics	620	395	225	1,945	1,080	865
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	55	45	10	120	75	40
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	70,800	67,070	3,735	96,625	89,275	7,350
04. Architecture and related services	500	365	140	2,420	1,380	1,040
14. Engineering	8,020	7,015	1,010	16,205	13,530	2,675
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	13,010	11,575	1,430	17,815	15,975	1,845
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	18,910	18,555	350	22,160	21,705	450
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	20,075	19,570	505	27,485	26,650	830
48. Precision production	10,290	9,985	300	10,530	10,030	505
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	6,370	4,715	1,650	14,540	10,260	4,275
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	2,970	1,840	1,130	11,380	8,280	3,100
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,395	2,875	520	3,160	1,980	1,180
Health and related fields	49,795	7,490	42,305	87,795	16,505	71,290
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	2,770	1,325	1,445	4,105	1,945	2,155
51. Health professions and related programs	46,160	5,600	40,550	81,865	13,450	68,415
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	870	565	305	1,825	1,110	715
Personal, protective and transportation services	25,460	13,110	12,355	28,275	13,845	14,435
12. Personal and culinary services	13,835	2,735	11,095	16,750	4,095	12,655
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	105	95	10	90	85	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	390	355	40	240	230	10
43. Security and protective services	4,665	3,795	875	5,005	3,680	1,330
49. Transportation and materials moving	6,465	6,135	325	6,185	5,750	435
Other	50	25	25	60	30	35
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	45	25	20	60	25	35
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	400,780	194,710	206,070	654,670	323,300	331,375
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	169,970	88,820	81,150	276,645	147,710	128,935
Education	16,350	3,830	12,520	31,645	7,860	23,785
13. Education	16,350	3,835	12,515	31,650	7,865	23,785
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	4,690	2,140	2,550	10,350	4,875	5,475
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	830	630	200	1,815	1,335	480
50. Visual and performing arts	3,860	1,510	2,350	8,540	3,545	4,990
Humanities	8,810	3,450	5,360	17,250	7,370	9,880
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	820	195	625	1,485	330	1,155
23. English language and literature/letters	1,725	490	1,235	2,930	810	2,120
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,125	650	1,475	5,420	2,245	3,180
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	35	10	30	55	30	30
38. Philosophy and religious studies	500	295	215	1,230	715	515
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,460	860	595	3,255	1,835	1,420
54. History	1,630	855	775	2,365	1,275	1,090
55. French language and literature/letters	520	100	420	505	135	370
Social and behavioural sciences and law	18,970	5,210	13,760	38,120	12,380	25,740
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	135	20	115	740	185	555
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,500	630	870	2,575	965	1,610
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	4,685	235	4,450	8,805	605	8,195
22. Legal professions and studies	3,280	940	2,340	6,085	1,795	4,285
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	335	70	260	815	265	550
42. Psychology	4,015	980	3,035	6,370	1,720	4,645
45. Social sciences	5,015	2,330	2,680	12,730	6,835	5,895
Business, management and public administration	52,915	15,055	37,860	76,370	27,865	48,495
30.16 Accounting and computer science	215	40	175	270	95	175
44. Public administration and social service professions	4,505	735	3,770	6,145	1,335	4,810
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	48,190	14,280	33,915	69,950	26,440	43,510
Physical and life sciences and technologies	5,620	2,710	2,905	12,195	5,930	6,270
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	2,580	1,135	1,445	5,290	2,265	3,025
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,275	540	730	3,005	1,595	1,405
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	110	20	95	405	65	345
40. Physical sciences	1,185	820	370	2,805	1,855	950
41. Science technologies/technicians	465	195	270	690	150	545
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	9,710	6,285	3,425	15,955	9,965	5,985
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	8,815	5,910	2,905	13,600	9,015	4,585
25. Library science	415	70	345	790	135	650
27. Mathematics and statistics	430	265	170	1,465	760	700
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	55	50	0	100	60	45
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	51,150	47,940	3,210	73,680	67,440	6,240
04. Architecture and related services	395	270	120	2,025	1,160	865
14. Engineering	6,230	5,295	935	13,705	11,305	2,405
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	10,405	9,135	1,270	13,840	12,265	1,575
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	13,110	12,825	290	16,060	15,690	365
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	14,025	13,635	395	20,395	19,765	625
48. Precision production	6,980	6,770	210	7,655	7,250	405
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	5,010	3,575	1,430	11,450	7,800	3,645
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	2,355	1,395	960	8,760	6,170	2,590
03. Natural resources and conservation	2,655	2,185	470	2,695	1,635	1,060
Health and related fields	38,135	5,850	32,285	69,600	13,415	56,185
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	2,145	1,060	1,085	3,310	1,585	1,715
51. Health professions and related programs	35,295	4,385	30,905	64,870	11,020	53,850
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	695	405	285	1,430	810	620
Personal, protective and transportation services	19,415	9,810	9,600	21,365	10,660	10,705
12. Personal and culinary services	10,520	1,945	8,575	12,255	2,980	9,275
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	95	85	10	90	85	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	220	190	35	110	105	0
43. Security and protective services	3,460	2,760	705	4,025	2,945	1,080
49. Transportation and materials moving	5,115	4,835	285	4,885	4,545	340
Other	45	25	20	50	30	25
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	40	25	15	50	25	25
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	620,390	301,650	318,745	1,001,305	491,585	509,725
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	313,495	156,945	156,545	516,750	263,610	253,145
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	306,900	144,700	162,200	484,555	227,975	256,585
Location of study inside Canada	290,645	136,490	154,155	403,775	188,230	215,540
Same as province or territory of residence	229,835	106,610	123,230	352,390	162,050	190,340
Different than province or territory of residence	60,810	29,880	30,925	51,385	26,185	25,200
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	16,255	8,205	8,050	80,785	39,745	41,040
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	5,360	2,675	2,685	9,155	4,910	4,245
Philippines	920	285	635	26,450	11,595	14,860
India	460	230	230	10,365	5,300	5,070
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	1,995	1,175	815	4,180	2,350	1,825
China^{Census data footnote 162}	1,105	550	555	2,865	1,330	1,535
France	660	370	290	395	235	165
Other	5,755	2,920	2,835	27,375	14,030	13,345
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	400,785	194,715	206,070	654,670	323,300	331,375
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	169,970	88,815	81,155	276,640	147,705	128,935
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	230,815	105,895	124,920	378,035	175,595	202,440
Location of study inside Canada	218,710	100,175	118,535	309,655	142,710	166,950
Same as province or territory of residence	172,760	78,520	94,240	270,435	123,090	147,340
Different than province or territory of residence	45,950	21,660	24,295	39,225	19,615	19,610
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	12,105	5,715	6,380	68,375	32,885	35,485
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	3,460	1,555	1,905	6,215	3,005	3,210
Philippines	875	260	615	24,495	10,775	13,720
India	345	160	180	9,430	4,770	4,660
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	1,070	575	490	2,465	1,385	1,080
China^{Census data footnote 162}	1,025	475	550	2,630	1,210	1,420
France	525	300	225	340	195	145
Other	4,800	2,390	2,415	22,805	11,555	11,255
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	620,390	301,650	318,745	1,001,305	491,580	509,725
In the labour force	381,790	197,005	184,790	662,155	347,685	314,465
Employed	339,045	170,050	168,995	617,465	322,130	295,335
Unemployed	42,745	26,950	15,795	44,690	25,560	19,130
Not in the labour force	238,600	104,645	133,955	339,155	143,895	195,260
Participation rate	61.5	65.3	58.0	66.1	70.7	61.7
Employment rate	54.7	56.4	53.0	61.7	65.5	57.9
Unemployment rate	11.2	13.7	8.5	6.7	7.4	6.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	620,390	301,645	318,745	1,001,310	491,585	509,725
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	217,930	94,105	123,825	312,495	131,600	180,900
Worked	402,465	207,540	194,920	688,810	359,980	328,830
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	201,230	106,785	94,450	358,800	206,460	152,330
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	201,225	100,760	100,475	330,010	153,520	176,495
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.0	40.6	41.5	42.9	43.5	42.3
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	381,795	197,000	184,790	662,155	347,685	314,465
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	7,320	3,790	3,530	12,625	6,125	6,505
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	374,470	193,210	181,260	649,530	341,560	307,965
Employee	342,685	173,560	169,125	580,885	296,560	284,325
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	31,785	19,655	12,130	68,645	45,000	23,640
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	381,790	197,005	184,790	662,155	347,690	314,470
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	7,320	3,790	3,530	12,625	6,125	6,505
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	374,470	193,215	181,255	649,525	341,565	307,965
0 Management occupations	34,015	20,605	13,415	71,455	45,945	25,510
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	52,695	14,200	38,495	96,050	27,530	68,515
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	20,705	16,300	4,405	34,135	26,895	7,240
3 Health occupations	30,730	4,870	25,865	52,280	10,830	41,450
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	45,640	15,355	30,285	86,055	27,425	58,630
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	6,610	2,925	3,685	14,355	6,025	8,325
6 Sales and service occupations	91,035	36,535	54,505	144,490	62,735	81,760
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	59,925	57,015	2,910	102,660	97,500	5,160
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	14,485	12,280	2,205	18,400	14,490	3,910
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	18,620	13,130	5,495	29,650	22,180	7,475
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	381,795	197,000	184,790	662,155	347,685	314,465
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	7,320	3,790	3,530	12,625	6,120	6,500
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	374,470	193,210	181,260	649,525	341,560	307,965
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	15,135	12,025	3,115	28,680	20,765	7,920
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	4,345	3,765	580	5,460	4,830	635
22 Utilities	3,350	2,615	735	7,390	5,625	1,765
23 Construction	27,795	25,195	2,595	49,575	43,990	5,585
31-33 Manufacturing	32,405	23,215	9,195	54,645	40,800	13,845
41 Wholesale trade	11,170	8,180	2,990	21,890	16,040	5,850
44-45 Retail trade	46,180	21,220	24,950	69,700	33,960	35,740
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	17,680	13,295	4,390	35,490	28,350	7,145
51 Information and cultural industries	6,615	3,700	2,915	10,875	6,085	4,790
52 Finance and insurance	12,415	4,090	8,325	25,885	9,615	16,270
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	3,830	2,245	1,585	8,235	4,565	3,670
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	17,240	9,485	7,750	28,470	14,790	13,680
55 Management of companies and enterprises	345	145	195	635	250	380
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	18,530	10,060	8,475	22,285	13,105	9,170
61 Educational services	26,090	8,180	17,905	55,025	17,480	37,540
62 Health care and social assistance	51,380	7,955	43,430	93,960	18,345	75,615
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	5,950	3,065	2,885	12,980	6,620	6,360
72 Accommodation and food services	24,825	8,460	16,365	43,655	17,430	26,230
81 Other services (except public administration)	17,105	8,365	8,745	28,055	13,740	14,315
91 Public administration	32,090	17,960	14,135	46,645	25,180	21,465
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	339,045	170,050	168,995	617,465	322,125	295,335
Worked at home	19,445	9,485	9,955	42,530	23,485	19,050
Worked outside Canada	1,315	885	430	1,935	1,305	630
No fixed workplace address	37,925	28,630	9,300	68,420	52,715	15,710
Worked at usual place	280,360	131,055	149,310	504,580	244,620	259,960
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	280,360	131,055	149,310	504,580	244,620	259,960
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	127,230	57,560	69,670	384,465	181,650	202,820
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	97,230	44,565	52,665	50,350	23,760	26,580
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	50,560	25,155	25,410	66,495	37,055	29,435
Commute to a different province or territory	5,345	3,775	1,565	3,275	2,150	1,120
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	318,285	159,680	158,605	573,005	297,335	275,665
Car, truck, van - as a driver	266,035	135,575	130,460	431,755	237,860	193,895
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	24,455	9,855	14,600	40,595	14,520	26,070
Public transit	7,290	3,600	3,690	53,740	21,780	31,955
Walked	14,650	6,900	7,755	32,330	13,815	18,520
Bicycle	1,210	800	405	8,175	5,670	2,505
Other method	4,645	2,950	1,695	6,410	3,695	2,715
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	318,290	159,680	158,605	573,000	297,340	275,665
Less than 15 minutes	135,690	63,885	71,810	185,120	87,795	97,320
15 to 29 minutes	118,075	58,505	59,570	208,570	108,680	99,890
30 to 44 minutes	39,230	21,385	17,845	115,090	63,555	51,535
45 to 59 minutes	12,945	7,275	5,670	36,755	20,485	16,270
60 minutes and over	12,345	8,635	3,710	27,470	16,820	10,650
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	318,285	159,680	158,605	573,000	297,335	275,665
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	17,850	12,755	5,100	28,060	20,145	7,915
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	51,825	30,905	20,925	104,545	65,630	38,925
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	112,460	55,470	56,990	168,760	90,125	78,630
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	64,235	25,835	38,400	126,090	50,885	75,200
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	25,595	9,415	16,180	53,120	22,305	30,810
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	46,320	25,300	21,020	92,430	48,240	44,190
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	413,695	212,875	200,820	710,830	370,255	340,575
Single responses	395,120	204,270	190,850	702,445	366,000	336,445
Official languages	394,015	203,660	190,355	694,855	361,770	333,090
English	304,775	160,255	144,515	688,400	359,660	328,730
French	89,240	43,400	45,840	6,455	2,100	4,355
Non-official languages	1,105	615	490	7,590	4,235	3,360
Aboriginal languages	255	140	115	1,815	1,025	800
Algonquian languages	250	135	110	1,755	990	755
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	985	565	420
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	980	565	415
Eastern Algonquian languages	255	135	110	0	0	0
Malecite	15	10	10	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	240	135	110	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	770	430	335
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	230	125	110
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	535	310	230
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	55	25	30
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	60	25	30
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	55	30	30
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	10
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	10	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	855	475	380	5,770	3,215	2,560
Afro-Asiatic languages	160	105	50	300	155	145
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	30	10	20
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	30	10	20
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	160	105	55	270	145	125
Amharic	0	0	0	15	0	10
Arabic	140	100	45	105	70	40
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	25	10	10	115	50	65
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	35	25	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40	20	20	140	35	100
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	45	20	20	140	35	100
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	15	0	10	485	245	240
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	10	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	10	10	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	10	10	470	235	240
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	170	95	80	3,115	1,865	1,255
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	10	10	10	10	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	30	10	20	480	245	235
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	30	10	20	480	245	235
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	65	50	20
Russian	25	10	15	280	145	135
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	10	0	0	110	40	70
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	25	10	15	1,300	790	505
Afrikaans	0	0	0	10	10	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	40	10	30
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	25	10	15	950	585	370
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Swedish	0	0	0	0	10	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	290	185	105
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	40	30	10	755	505	260
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	685	455	225
Bengali	0	0	0	20	0	15
Gujarati	0	0	0	10	10	10
Hindi	0	0	0	40	40	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	10	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	605	400	210
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	10	0	10
Iranian languages	35	25	10	75	45	30
Kurdish	15	15	0	10	10	10
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	25	15	10	65	45	20
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	65	35	25	580	330	245
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Portuguese	0	0	0	330	215	115
Romanian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Spanish	65	35	30	220	100	125
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	10	0	0	10	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	60	35	25	305	150	150
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	15	15	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	10	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	30	20	10	210	80	135
American Sign Language	10	10	10	155	65	95
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	20	20	0	55	15	45
Sino-Tibetan languages	365	185	175	1,170	650	515
Chinese languages	360	185	175	1,160	650	515
Cantonese	35	15	25	690	380	315
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	295	150	150	440	255	185
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	25	10	25	10	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	10	10	10
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	15	0	10
Lao	0	0	0	10	0	10
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	10	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	18,575	8,605	9,970	8,390	4,255	4,125
English and French	18,045	8,350	9,695	2,655	1,150	1,505
English and non-official language	475	240	235	5,680	3,085	2,590
French and non-official language	10	0	10	10	0	0
English, French and non-official language	45	15	35	45	20	30
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	413,690	212,875	200,820	710,835	370,255	340,575
None	322,045	167,900	154,150	662,595	346,710	315,885
English	44,925	21,560	23,360	8,550	3,690	4,855
French	44,415	22,175	22,240	13,320	5,825	7,495
Non-official language	2,090	1,115	975	25,960	13,815	12,145
Aboriginal	615	285	330	6,500	3,245	3,255
Non-Aboriginal	1,475	830	645	19,460	10,575	8,890
English and French	0	0	0	10	0	10
English and non-official language	55	20	35	65	45	20
French and non-official language	160	95	65	335	160	175
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	10	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	724,030	354,435	369,600	1,225,480	606,585	618,895
Non-movers	641,310	314,280	327,020	1,064,380	527,020	537,360
Movers	82,720	40,150	42,570	161,100	79,570	81,535
Non-migrants	45,630	21,830	23,800	105,090	52,025	53,065
Migrants	37,090	18,320	18,765	56,010	27,545	28,465
Internal migrants	32,585	15,995	16,585	41,305	20,285	21,020
Intraprovincial migrants	21,995	10,555	11,445	30,395	14,720	15,675
Interprovincial migrants	10,585	5,445	5,140	10,915	5,565	5,345
External migrants	4,505	2,320	2,185	14,705	7,260	7,445
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	696,160	340,310	355,845	1,161,240	573,310	587,930
Non-movers	480,830	237,150	243,685	718,640	355,585	363,050
Movers	215,325	103,155	112,165	442,600	217,725	224,875
Non-migrants	113,835	53,935	59,900	261,015	128,560	132,455
Migrants	101,490	49,215	52,275	181,585	89,165	92,420
Internal migrants	89,980	43,165	46,815	117,135	56,880	60,260
Intraprovincial migrants	60,645	28,475	32,165	86,295	41,295	45,000
Interprovincial migrants	29,335	14,685	14,650	30,840	15,580	15,260
External migrants	11,510	6,050	5,455	64,445	32,285	32,165

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

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Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

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Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

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Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

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Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

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Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

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Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

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Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

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Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

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Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

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Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

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Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

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Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. New Brunswick [Province] and Manitoba [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 8, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
New Brunswick [Province] and Manitoba [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
New Brunswick [Province] and Manitoba [Province]