Census Profile, 2016 Census
New Brunswick [Province] and Yukon [Territory]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	New Brunswick [Province]			Yukon [Territory]
	Data quality , New Brunswick [Province] Map : New Brunswick [Province] Change geography 1			Data quality : Yukon [Territory] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	747,101	...	...	35,874	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	751,171	...	...	33,897	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	-0.5	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	359,721	...	...	17,987	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	319,773	...	...	15,215	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	10.5	...	...	0.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	71,388.81	...	...	474,712.68	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	747,105	365,355	381,745	35,875	18,075	17,795
0 to 14 years	110,495	56,320	54,180	6,280	3,355	2,920
0 to 4 years	34,365	17,505	16,860	2,135	1,155	985
5 to 9 years	38,250	19,515	18,735	2,120	1,130	995
10 to 14 years	37,880	19,295	18,585	2,020	1,075	945
15 to 64 years	487,820	240,535	247,285	25,340	12,500	12,835
15 to 19 years	40,605	20,905	19,705	1,935	1,000	930
20 to 24 years	41,445	21,280	20,165	1,965	1,035	930
25 to 29 years	39,245	19,745	19,505	2,550	1,245	1,310
30 to 34 years	41,510	20,140	21,365	2,890	1,395	1,495
35 to 39 years	44,435	21,585	22,850	2,590	1,235	1,355
40 to 44 years	48,430	23,520	24,910	2,540	1,170	1,370
45 to 49 years	51,300	25,195	26,105	2,465	1,210	1,245
50 to 54 years	61,055	29,795	31,265	2,880	1,390	1,495
55 to 59 years	61,740	30,210	31,530	2,995	1,505	1,490
60 to 64 years	58,060	28,170	29,895	2,530	1,315	1,220
65 years and over	148,785	68,500	80,280	4,260	2,220	2,040
65 to 69 years	52,160	25,595	26,570	1,845	980	870
70 to 74 years	36,050	17,695	18,360	1,090	605	485
75 to 79 years	25,300	11,835	13,465	645	350	295
80 to 84 years	17,650	7,515	10,135	375	160	215
85 years and over	17,620	5,860	11,765	300	125	175
85 to 89 years	10,670	3,910	6,760	195	90	105
90 to 94 years	5,305	1,595	3,715	80	30	50
95 to 99 years	1,435	330	1,110	20	5	20
100 years and over	205	30	185	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.8	15.4	14.2	17.5	18.6	16.4
15 to 64 years	65.3	65.8	64.8	70.6	69.2	72.1
65 years and over	19.9	18.7	21.0	11.9	12.3	11.5
85 years and over	2.4	1.6	3.1	0.8	0.7	1.0
Average age of the population	43.6	42.7	44.5	39.1	38.8	39.4
Median age of the population	45.7	44.8	46.6	39.5	39.0	39.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	319,770	...	...	15,215	...	...
Single-detached house	221,515	...	...	9,430	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	3,945	...	...	50	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	80,515	...	...	4,550	...	...
Semi-detached house	12,470	...	...	1,160	...	...
Row house	9,015	...	...	950	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	13,545	...	...	605	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	44,260	...	...	1,770	...	...
Other single-attached house	1,230	...	...	65	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	13,795	...	...	1,185	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	319,775	...	...	15,215	...	...
1 person	89,480	...	...	4,900	...	...
2 persons	126,820	...	...	5,180	...	...
3 persons	49,465	...	...	2,255	...	...
4 persons	37,625	...	...	1,860	...	...
5 or more persons	16,385	...	...	1,025	...	...
Number of persons in private households	730,705	...	...	35,110	...	...
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	636,605	309,040	327,570	29,595	14,725	14,870
Married or living common law	379,605	189,790	189,820	16,445	8,210	8,235
Married	302,020	151,100	150,925	11,345	5,680	5,670
Living common law	77,580	38,685	38,895	5,095	2,530	2,570
Not married and not living common law	257,000	119,250	137,745	13,150	6,515	6,635
Never married	158,070	85,640	72,430	9,150	4,905	4,245
Separated	21,290	9,530	11,760	845	370	470
Divorced	35,680	15,275	20,405	2,105	975	1,130
Widowed	41,965	8,805	33,160	1,060	265	795
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	222,865	...	...	9,845	...	...
2 persons	129,065	...	...	5,330	...	...
3 persons	47,015	...	...	2,060	...	...
4 persons	34,860	...	...	1,745	...	...
5 or more persons	11,920	...	...	710	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	222,865	...	...	9,845	...	...
Total couple families	186,680	...	...	7,970	...	...
Married couples	147,900	...	...	5,425	...	...
Common-law couples	38,780	...	...	2,545	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	36,185	...	...	1,875	...	...
Female parent	28,650	...	...	1,390	...	...
Male parent	7,530	...	...	480	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	186,675	...	...	7,970	...	...
Couples without children	105,625	...	...	4,130	...	...
Couples with children	81,060	...	...	3,840	...	...
1 child	37,440	...	...	1,575	...	...
2 children	32,380	...	...	1,600	...	...
3 or more children	11,235	...	...	660	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	36,185	...	...	1,875	...	...
1 child	23,440	...	...	1,195	...	...
2 children	9,570	...	...	485	...	...
3 or more children	3,170	...	...	195	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	128,775	61,010	67,770	7,505	3,895	3,610
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	319,770	...	...	15,215	...	...
One-census-family households	214,235	...	...	9,345	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	102,170	...	...	3,915	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	112,070	...	...	5,430	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	4,280	...	...	245	...	...
Non-census-family households	101,255	...	...	5,620	...	...
One-person households	89,480	...	...	4,900	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	11,775	...	...	720	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	736,280	360,440	375,840	35,555	17,895	17,660
English only	420,820	210,555	210,260	30,430	15,530	14,895
French only	63,140	29,955	33,190	85	40	45
English and French	249,950	118,705	131,245	4,900	2,260	2,640
Neither English nor French	2,370	1,220	1,150	140	65	75
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	736,280	360,440	375,845	35,555	17,895	17,660
English	498,365	244,230	254,135	33,720	16,960	16,760
French	232,450	113,500	118,945	1,575	815	755
English and French	3,210	1,550	1,655	125	55	70
Neither English nor French	2,255	1,150	1,100	140	65	75
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	234,055	114,280	119,775	1,635	845	790
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	31.8	31.7	31.9	4.6	4.7	4.5
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	736,280	360,440	375,845	35,560	17,900	17,660
Single responses	726,990	356,005	370,990	34,885	17,555	17,330
Official languages	703,840	344,285	359,555	30,675	15,585	15,095
English	472,725	231,595	241,135	29,105	14,775	14,335
French	231,110	112,690	118,415	1,570	810	755
Non-official languages	23,150	11,715	11,435	4,210	1,970	2,235
Aboriginal languages	2,165	1,035	1,135	675	295	380
Algonquian languages	2,130	1,020	1,110	25	5	20
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	5	5	20	5	20
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	5	0	20	5	20
Eastern Algonquian languages	2,115	1,010	1,105	0	0	0
Malecite	280	125	155	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	1,835	885	950	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	5	5	5	5	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ojibway	5	5	0	5	5	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	5	0	5	560	250	305
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	545	245	300
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	10	0	5
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	80	40	45
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	5	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	170	85	85
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	165	85	85
Tahltan	0	0	0	5	5	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	285	115	165
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	210	90	125
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	70	30	35
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	15	5	5
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	20	5	15	20	10	15
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	10	5	5
Inuktitut	15	5	10	5	5	5
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	5	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	65	25	40
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	10	0	5	10	5	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	20,990	10,685	10,300	3,530	1,675	1,860
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,190	1,805	1,385	50	25	25
Berber languages	40	25	15	0	0	0
Kabyle	20	10	5	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	30	15	20	10	5	5
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	5	5	5	0	0	0
Somali	25	10	15	5	5	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	3,110	1,760	1,355	40	25	20
Amharic	65	35	25	5	0	0
Arabic	2,855	1,615	1,235	35	20	15
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	170	90	80	5	0	0
Maltese	0	0	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	20	15	10	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	635	305	330	50	30	25
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	10	0	0	0
Vietnamese	620	305	320	50	25	25
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	1,375	510	865	990	415	575
Bikol	5	0	5	0	0	0
Cebuano	105	35	65	80	35	45
Fijian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Hiligaynon	15	5	10	40	15	25
Ilocano	50	15	35	35	15	20
Malagasy	15	5	10	0	0	0
Malay	45	20	30	15	5	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0	5	5	5	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,120	420	700	805	335	465
Waray-Waray	5	0	5	5	5	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	10	0	5
Creole languages	135	70	65	25	10	15
Haitian Creole	15	10	5	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	80	30	50	15	5	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	40	30	10	15	0	10
Dravidian languages	285	155	130	55	30	25
Kannada	20	15	10	0	0	0
Malayalam	40	15	20	25	10	15
Tamil	105	60	50	25	10	10
Telugu	110	60	45	5	5	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	9,325	4,790	4,530	1,715	885	825
Albanian	50	25	25	5	0	5
Armenian	30	15	10	0	0	5
Balto-Slavic languages	1,740	865	875	295	150	150
Baltic languages	55	30	30	5	5	0
Latvian	25	10	10	0	5	0
Lithuanian	35	15	15	0	0	0
Slavic languages	1,685	835	850	290	145	145
Belarusan	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	50	25	25	5	0	5
Bulgarian	20	10	10	5	0	0
Croatian	75	35	40	5	5	5
Czech	55	25	25	55	30	25
Macedonian	15	10	5	0	0	0
Polish	230	105	125	65	35	30
Russian	880	440	435	75	35	45
Serbian	105	55	45	5	5	0
Serbo-Croatian	35	15	20	5	5	5
Slovak	25	15	15	5	0	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	10	10	15	5	10
Ukrainian	170	85	90	50	25	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	30	5	20	10	5	5
Scottish Gaelic	15	5	10	0	5	0
Welsh	10	0	10	5	0	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	5	0	0
Germanic languages	2,875	1,415	1,465	945	495	445
Afrikaans	50	30	25	10	5	5
Danish	125	55	75	20	10	5
Dutch	885	470	410	115	50	60
Frisian	35	25	10	0	5	0
German	1,650	780	865	765	415	355
Icelandic	5	0	0	5	5	0
Norwegian	40	25	20	10	5	5
Swedish	50	15	35	15	10	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	10	10	5	0	0
Yiddish	10	5	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	145	100	50	10	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,850	1,020	835	215	115	100
Indo-Aryan languages	1,175	655	525	190	100	95
Bengali	205	120	85	25	5	15
Gujarati	75	40	30	20	20	5
Hindi	225	135	95	35	20	15
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	10	5	5	0	0	0
Marathi	50	20	25	0	0	0
Nepali	180	90	90	0	0	5
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	125	75	50	85	40	45
Sindhi	25	10	10	0	5	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	30	15	15	5	0	5
Urdu	240	140	100	20	10	10
Iranian languages	655	355	305	25	20	10
Kurdish	55	30	25	0	0	0
Pashto	25	15	10	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	580	310	270	25	20	5
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,605	1,355	1,250	225	105	120
Catalan	5	5	0	5	0	5
Italian	400	225	175	25	15	10
Portuguese	260	130	130	15	5	5
Romanian	485	250	240	10	10	5
Spanish	1,460	755	705	170	75	95
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	110	25	85	95	40	55
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	1,550	800	750	45	10	30
Mongolic languages	5	5	0	0	0	5
Mongolian	5	5	5	5	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	700	385	315	25	15	10
Akan (Twi)	25	10	10	0	0	0
Bamanankan	60	35	25	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	5	5	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	40	30	15	0	0	0
Ga	5	5	5	0	0	0
Ganda	10	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	30	20	10	0	0	0
Lingala	25	15	15	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	45	25	20	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	40	20	20	5	0	0
Shona	20	10	10	0	0	0
Swahili	135	65	70	0	0	0
Wolof	25	20	10	0	0	0
Yoruba	30	15	20	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	195	105	85	10	5	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	145	75	70	20	10	5
American Sign Language	40	20	30	10	5	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	95	55	45	5	5	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,115	1,570	1,545	350	150	195
Chinese languages	3,085	1,555	1,530	350	155	195
Cantonese	440	225	210	225	100	120
Hakka	20	10	10	0	0	5
Mandarin	2,250	1,105	1,150	95	40	60
Min Dong	0	5	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	35	15	15	15	10	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	100	45	55	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	240	150	85	15	5	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	30	15	15	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	5	0	0	0
Karenic languages	25	15	10	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	60	15	50	30	5	25
Lao	5	0	0	5	5	5
Thai	55	10	45	25	5	25
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	105	60	45	0	5	0
Azerbaijani	5	5	5	0	0	0
Turkish	75	50	30	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	10	5	5	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Uralic languages	250	115	135	75	40	35
Estonian	20	5	10	0	0	0
Finnish	45	15	30	25	15	10
Hungarian	185	90	95	45	30	20
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	5	0	0
Multiple responses	9,290	4,440	4,855	675	345	330
English and French	7,285	3,470	3,815	220	115	100
English and non-official language	1,535	725	810	420	210	215
French and non-official language	330	175	155	15	10	10
English, French and non-official language	145	65	75	15	10	10
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	736,280	360,435	375,845	35,560	17,900	17,660
Single responses	724,940	355,025	369,910	34,730	17,510	17,220
Official languages	712,250	348,510	363,740	33,135	16,735	16,400
English	505,935	247,610	258,325	32,270	16,315	15,960
French	206,315	100,900	105,415	860	420	435
Non-official languages	12,690	6,515	6,175	1,600	775	825
Aboriginal languages	820	400	420	75	45	35
Algonquian languages	820	395	420	0	5	5
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	5	0	0	0	5
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	5	0	5	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	815	395	420	0	0	0
Malecite	50	25	25	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	765	370	395	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	65	35	35
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	65	35	35
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	15	10	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	20	10	10
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	30	15	15
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	25	15	10
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	5	0	5
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	5	5	0	0	5	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	5	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	5	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	5	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	5	5
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	11,870	6,115	5,750	1,520	730	785
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,285	1,210	1,075	30	15	15
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	20	10	10	5	5	5
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	20	5	10	0	5	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	2,265	1,200	1,065	20	10	10
Amharic	20	10	10	5	0	0
Arabic	2,110	1,125	990	20	10	10
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	130	60	70	5	0	5
Maltese	0	0	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	5	0	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	525	255	270	25	15	15
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	520	250	270	30	15	15
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	510	235	270	555	255	305
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	40	15	25	35	20	15
Fijian	0	0	0	5	0	5
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	20	5	10
Ilocano	0	0	0	15	5	10
Malagasy	5	0	5	0	0	0
Malay	15	0	5	5	5	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	450	215	235	475	215	260
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Creole languages	65	25	35	5	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	0	15	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	45	20	20	0	0	5
Dravidian languages	110	60	45	35	20	15
Kannada	5	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	20	5	10	15	10	10
Tamil	35	20	20	15	10	5
Telugu	45	30	15	0	5	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	4,160	2,175	1,990	540	280	260
Albanian	30	15	10	0	0	0
Armenian	20	5	10	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	975	505	470	85	40	45
Baltic languages	35	20	15	0	0	0
Latvian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Lithuanian	25	15	10	0	0	0
Slavic languages	935	480	455	85	40	40
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	25	15	10	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Croatian	25	10	15	5	0	0
Czech	5	0	5	15	5	5
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	55	25	30	20	15	10
Russian	620	320	305	30	15	15
Serbian	80	45	35	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	5	5	0	0
Slovak	5	5	5	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ukrainian	90	50	40	0	0	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	10	0	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	5	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	640	320	320	245	125	115
Afrikaans	35	15	20	10	5	5
Danish	5	5	5	0	0	0
Dutch	150	80	75	10	0	5
Frisian	5	0	5	0	0	0
German	425	215	210	225	115	105
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Swedish	5	0	5	5	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	45	25	25	5	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,140	595	545	100	55	45
Indo-Aryan languages	655	335	325	90	45	40
Bengali	130	70	60	15	5	10
Gujarati	40	15	20	15	10	0
Hindi	115	60	50	15	10	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	5	5	0	0	0	0
Marathi	20	10	10	0	0	0
Nepali	135	60	75	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	50	25	25	45	20	25
Sindhi	10	5	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Urdu	140	75	70	10	5	5
Iranian languages	470	255	220	15	10	5
Kurdish	35	25	10	0	0	0
Pashto	15	5	5	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	425	225	195	15	15	5
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,305	705	600	110	50	60
Catalan	5	5	0	0	0	0
Italian	85	40	45	5	0	0
Portuguese	110	50	60	0	0	0
Romanian	290	145	140	5	5	5
Spanish	820	470	350	100	45	50
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	20	10	15	50	25	25
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	1,245	645	605	25	10	10
Mongolic languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	240	125	120	5	0	0
Akan (Twi)	10	5	10	0	0	0
Bamanankan	20	15	5	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	10	5	0	0	0
Ga	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	5	5	0	0	0	0
Lingala	10	5	5	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	20	15	10	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Shona	5	0	5	5	0	0
Swahili	80	35	45	0	0	0
Wolof	5	5	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	5	5	5	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	50	25	25	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	200	115	85	15	10	5
American Sign Language	55	30	25	10	5	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	150	90	60	5	0	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,390	1,210	1,175	220	100	120
Chinese languages	2,365	1,195	1,170	215	95	120
Cantonese	260	130	130	155	70	90
Hakka	5	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	1,855	930	920	55	25	30
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	10	5	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	85	40	45	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	140	80	55	5	5	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	15	10	0	0	0
Burmese	5	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	5	10	0	5
Lao	0	0	0	5	0	0
Thai	10	5	5	10	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	30	15	10	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	25	15	5	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	70	35	40	10	5	5
Estonian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	5	5	5	0	0	0
Hungarian	55	30	30	10	5	5
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Multiple responses	11,345	5,415	5,925	830	385	445
English and French	7,275	3,370	3,905	120	60	60
English and non-official language	3,435	1,715	1,720	680	315	370
French and non-official language	340	185	160	5	0	5
English, French and non-official language	290	140	145	15	10	10
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	736,280	360,435	375,845	35,555	17,895	17,660
None	647,960	318,560	329,400	31,490	15,990	15,500
English	49,925	24,065	25,855	1,250	590	660
French	30,030	13,760	16,275	890	425	470
Non-official language	7,545	3,650	3,895	1,830	845	985
Aboriginal	1,300	625	685	585	275	315
Non-Aboriginal	6,240	3,030	3,210	1,245	575	675
English and French	180	90	90	20	10	10
English and non-official language	300	160	145	35	15	20
French and non-official language	335	155	185	45	25	25
English, French and non-official language	10	5	5	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	620,390	301,645	318,745	28,895	14,325	14,565
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	594,705	289,220	305,485	27,975	13,845	14,135
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,961	37,516	25,796	45,804	48,685	43,192
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	594,920	289,245	305,680	27,975	13,840	14,130
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,107	33,169	23,945	41,235	43,240	39,353
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	516,780	259,945	256,835	26,300	13,005	13,295
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,444	34,830	23,278	43,961	47,135	40,806
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	439,645	193,975	245,675	17,670	8,205	9,465
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,164	9,210	7,321	4,724	4,742	4,708
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	423,915	219,135	204,780	23,940	11,925	12,015
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,124	34,784	24,769	43,341	45,938	40,804
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	620,395	301,650	318,745	28,880	14,315	14,565
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	594,650	289,140	305,510	27,920	13,860	14,060
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,141	46,154	32,504	53,809	57,649	50,023
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	594,870	289,165	305,700	27,925	13,860	14,065
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,022	38,151	28,171	45,994	48,598	43,429
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	516,685	259,855	256,830	26,255	13,035	13,220
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,432	44,240	30,543	52,102	56,529	47,736
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	440,195	194,240	245,955	17,700	8,290	9,415
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,938	9,519	8,480	7,595	7,499	7,680
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	423,915	218,800	205,110	23,940	11,940	12,005
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,611	43,456	31,376	50,089	53,885	46,314
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	620,390	301,645	318,745	28,880	14,315	14,565
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	197,290	104,215	93,075	10,655	5,325	5,330
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	46,349	52,010	41,058	67,699	72,122	64,301
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	54,011	60,796	46,415	70,536	75,141	65,936
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	83.2	86.2	79.0	91.1	92.4	89.7
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	68.5	71.3	64.7	78.7	79.2	78.0
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	16.8	13.8	21.0	8.9	7.6	10.3
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	620,390	301,650	318,745	28,895	14,325	14,570
Without total income	25,680	12,430	13,260	920	485	435
With total income	594,710	289,220	305,490	27,975	13,840	14,130
Percentage with total income	95.9	95.9	95.8	96.8	96.6	97.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	80,700	32,655	48,050	2,875	1,460	1,415
$10,000 to $19,999	109,015	40,415	68,600	3,350	1,575	1,775
$20,000 to $29,999	99,025	40,480	58,540	3,455	1,605	1,845
$30,000 to $39,999	83,770	41,360	42,405	2,815	1,240	1,575
$40,000 to $49,999	65,795	35,080	30,715	2,545	1,195	1,345
$50,000 to $59,999	44,810	26,560	18,250	2,340	1,115	1,225
$60,000 to $69,999	32,185	20,270	11,920	2,370	1,115	1,255
$70,000 to $79,999	24,565	14,130	10,430	2,095	1,010	1,085
$80,000 to $89,999	17,095	9,915	7,180	1,725	885	840
$90,000 to $99,999	10,240	6,980	3,260	1,340	710	630
$100,000 and over	27,515	21,380	6,135	3,065	1,930	1,135
$100,000 to $149,999	19,765	15,195	4,570	2,325	1,410	910
$150,000 and over	7,750	6,185	1,565	740	520	225
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	620,390	301,645	318,750	28,890	14,325	14,565
Without after-tax income	25,470	12,405	13,070	920	485	435
With after-tax income	594,920	289,240	305,680	27,975	13,840	14,135
Percentage with after-tax income	95.9	95.9	95.9	96.8	96.6	97.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	83,590	33,140	50,455	2,935	1,485	1,445
$10,000 to $19,999	115,730	43,245	72,485	3,525	1,660	1,860
$20,000 to $29,999	118,940	51,335	67,610	3,860	1,800	2,065
$30,000 to $39,999	98,230	50,770	47,460	3,285	1,480	1,810
$40,000 to $49,999	67,470	38,665	28,810	3,080	1,450	1,630
$50,000 to $59,999	42,775	26,495	16,280	3,045	1,445	1,600
$60,000 to $69,999	28,790	16,435	12,355	2,685	1,305	1,380
$70,000 to $79,999	14,945	10,205	4,740	2,095	1,085	1,010
$80,000 and over	24,450	18,955	5,500	3,475	2,125	1,345
$80,000 to $89,999	8,385	6,340	2,040	1,285	710	580
$90,000 to $99,999	5,060	3,970	1,090	780	490	290
$100,000 and over	11,005	8,640	2,365	1,405	930	480
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	620,390	301,645	318,745	28,890	14,325	14,570
Without employment income	196,475	82,515	113,965	4,950	2,400	2,550
With employment income	423,910	219,140	204,775	23,945	11,930	12,015
Percentage with employment income	68.3	72.6	64.2	82.9	83.3	82.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	54,590	26,540	28,045	2,715	1,355	1,360
$5,000 to $9,999	36,840	15,720	21,120	1,605	745	860
$10,000 to $19,999	65,895	29,920	35,975	2,635	1,245	1,390
$20,000 to $29,999	59,240	25,955	33,280	2,275	1,050	1,225
$30,000 to $39,999	50,190	24,930	25,260	2,060	995	1,065
$40,000 to $49,999	42,140	22,160	19,980	1,985	940	1,040
$50,000 to $59,999	29,910	18,180	11,730	1,875	855	1,025
$60,000 to $69,999	23,390	14,620	8,770	1,980	885	1,095
$70,000 to $79,999	19,515	10,565	8,950	1,750	845	905
$80,000 and over	42,210	30,540	11,665	5,065	3,015	2,055
$80,000 to $89,999	13,190	7,840	5,345	1,495	810	680
$90,000 to $99,999	8,105	5,685	2,420	1,135	610	530
$100,000 and over	20,915	17,015	3,895	2,435	1,590	845
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	319,770	...	...	15,215	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	59,347	...	...	84,521	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	52,553	...	...	73,935	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	89,480	...	...	4,900	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	28,747	...	...	42,170	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	26,387	...	...	38,536	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	230,290	...	...	10,315	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	74,207	...	...	110,664	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	65,063	...	...	96,068	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	319,775	...	...	15,215	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	72,786	...	...	98,739	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	61,431	...	...	84,412	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	89,455	...	...	4,920	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	36,505	...	...	50,317	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,242	...	...	43,443	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	230,320	...	...	10,295	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	86,878	...	...	121,861	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	73,156	...	...	103,975	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	319,775	...	...	15,215	...	...
Under $5,000	3,940	...	...	225	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	7,800	...	...	155	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	6,835	...	...	290	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	17,765	...	...	555	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	16,400	...	...	670	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	16,335	...	...	480	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	17,830	...	...	510	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	16,875	...	...	505	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	15,365	...	...	510	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	14,845	...	...	455	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	27,735	...	...	910	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	25,205	...	...	965	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	22,750	...	...	935	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	19,415	...	...	960	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	16,030	...	...	860	...	...
$100,000 and over	74,655	...	...	6,220	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	29,535	...	...	1,725	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	18,605	...	...	1,400	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	17,050	...	...	1,850	...	...
$200,000 and over	9,460	...	...	1,250	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	319,770	...	...	15,215	...	...
Under $5,000	4,090	...	...	235	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	7,880	...	...	160	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	6,980	...	...	295	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	18,630	...	...	580	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	18,705	...	...	680	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	18,580	...	...	555	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	20,540	...	...	575	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	19,550	...	...	605	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	18,165	...	...	575	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	17,920	...	...	510	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	32,930	...	...	1,190	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	29,175	...	...	1,185	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	23,970	...	...	1,150	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	19,330	...	...	1,005	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	15,105	...	...	885	...	...
$100,000 and over	48,225	...	...	5,045	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	25,135	...	...	1,840	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	11,980	...	...	1,420	...	...
$150,000 and over	11,110	...	...	1,785	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	221,680	...	...	9,795	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	74,353	...	...	108,816	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	65,100	...	...	94,853	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	99,865	...	...	3,890	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	67,988	...	...	104,425	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	59,801	...	...	90,825	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	82,260	...	...	3,860	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	100,315	...	...	139,567	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	85,717	...	...	119,060	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.8	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	33,580	...	...	1,765	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	42,992	...	...	62,816	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	40,671	...	...	58,386	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	221,740	...	...	9,795	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	87,048	...	...	120,618	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	73,197	...	...	102,755	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	99,840	...	...	3,900	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	79,085	...	...	113,004	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	66,576	...	...	95,932	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	82,415	...	...	3,885	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	111,901	...	...	151,228	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	92,699	...	...	127,809	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	33,455	...	...	1,750	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	51,119	...	...	72,156	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	45,687	...	...	64,133	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	114,825	54,970	59,850	6,685	3,505	3,180
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	27,250	30,122	25,182	39,951	36,718	42,449
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	25,167	27,154	23,916	36,618	33,829	39,148
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	114,375	54,300	60,075	6,705	3,630	3,070
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	34,738	37,330	32,395	47,879	46,673	49,305
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	29,845	31,431	28,411	41,460	40,111	43,054
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	730,710	357,860	372,850	35,110	17,645	17,470
In the bottom half of the distribution	428,180	204,170	224,005	12,840	6,500	6,340
In the bottom decile	80,120	37,430	42,695	2,530	1,440	1,090
In the second decile	94,165	42,190	51,980	2,705	1,345	1,360
In the third decile	87,075	41,905	45,170	2,315	1,110	1,205
In the fourth decile	85,610	42,275	43,335	2,420	1,145	1,275
In the fifth decile	81,200	40,375	40,825	2,870	1,455	1,415
In the top half of the distribution	302,530	153,685	148,845	22,270	11,145	11,130
In the sixth decile	77,345	38,915	38,425	3,005	1,500	1,505
In the seventh decile	73,185	37,190	36,005	3,535	1,745	1,790
In the eighth decile	65,090	32,815	32,275	4,495	2,200	2,300
In the ninth decile	52,050	26,635	25,410	5,420	2,755	2,670
In the top decile	34,860	18,130	16,730	5,810	2,950	2,860
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	722,550	353,870	368,680	0	0	0
0 to 17 years	131,930	67,285	64,645	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	40,900	20,805	20,100	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	452,805	221,675	231,130	0	0	0
65 years and over	137,820	64,915	72,905	0	0	0
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	123,820	55,990	67,825	0	0	0
0 to 17 years	29,250	14,930	14,320	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	10,285	5,260	5,030	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	66,745	29,975	36,770	0	0	0
65 years and over	27,830	11,090	16,745	0	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	17.1	15.8	18.4	...	...	...
0 to 17 years (%)	22.2	22.2	22.2	...	...	...
0 to 5 years (%)	25.1	25.3	25.0	...	...	...
18 to 64 years (%)	14.7	13.5	15.9	...	...	...
65 years and over (%)	20.2	17.1	23.0	...	...	...
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	49,830	24,165	25,660	0	0	0
0 to 17 years	11,520	5,890	5,630	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	4,200	2,145	2,055	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	35,680	17,255	18,425	0	0	0
65 years and over	2,630	1,025	1,605	0	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.9	6.8	7.0	...	...	...
0 to 17 years (%)	8.7	8.8	8.7	...	...	...
0 to 5 years (%)	10.3	10.3	10.2	...	...	...
18 to 64 years (%)	7.9	7.8	8.0	...	...	...
65 years and over (%)	1.9	1.6	2.2	...	...	...
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	730,710	357,855	372,850	35,110	17,640	17,465
Official languages	728,310	356,615	371,690	35,010	17,605	17,405
English	666,315	326,905	339,415	34,930	17,570	17,365
French	310,550	147,845	162,705	4,910	2,270	2,640
Non-official languages	34,880	17,355	17,525	6,255	2,970	3,285
Aboriginal languages	3,065	1,470	1,595	1,165	535	630
Algonquian languages	2,990	1,455	1,540	40	15	25
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	0	10	30	10	15
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	10	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	10	15
Eastern Algonquian languages	2,965	1,435	1,530	0	0	0
Malecite	720	335	385	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	2,265	1,115	1,150	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	15	0	10	10	10
Algonquin	0	10	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	10	10	0	10	10	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	870	400	470
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	860	395	465
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	10
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	15	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	95	45	50
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	20	10	10
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	10	15
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	335	185	150
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	330	180	150
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	10	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	405	160	245
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	275	115	160
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	135	50	90
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	55	10	45	50	10	35
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	30	10	25
Inuktitut	45	10	40	20	10	10
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	10	0	10	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	10	10	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	10	0	10	10	10
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	10	10	10
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	195	95	100
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	10	15
Non-Aboriginal languages	31,865	15,915	15,955	5,105	2,440	2,665
Afro-Asiatic languages	4,355	2,385	1,980	70	50	20
Berber languages	80	40	35	0	0	0
Kabyle	40	20	15	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	40	25	20	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	15	10	0	20	20	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	10	10	0	20	20	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	4,300	2,340	1,960	50	35	20
Amharic	165	100	65	10	0	10
Arabic	3,685	2,030	1,660	30	25	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	435	205	230	15	0	10
Maltese	0	10	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	50	25	25	0	0	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	835	430	400	60	35	30
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	820	435	390	60	30	30
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	1,790	695	1,090	1,225	490	730
Bikol	10	0	10	0	0	10
Cebuano	185	70	115	115	55	60
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	35	10	30	20	0	15
Ilocano	50	10	45	20	10	15
Malagasy	25	10	15	0	0	0
Malay	75	20	55	35	15	20
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,595	625	970	1,095	445	650
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	20	0	15
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	15	0	0	10	0
Creole languages	430	195	235	15	0	10
Haitian Creole	50	20	30	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	240	105	135	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	140	75	65	15	10	10
Dravidian languages	435	245	195	50	25	20
Kannada	60	30	25	0	0	0
Malayalam	55	35	25	10	10	0
Tamil	190	115	75	45	20	20
Telugu	175	90	85	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	16,505	8,155	8,350	3,060	1,540	1,515
Albanian	80	45	35	10	0	0
Armenian	60	35	25	15	10	15
Balto-Slavic languages	2,065	1,100	965	375	195	185
Baltic languages	55	40	20	0	0	0
Latvian	20	10	10	10	10	0
Lithuanian	30	20	10	0	0	0
Slavic languages	2,025	1,070	955	375	190	180
Belarusan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	75	40	40	0	0	0
Bulgarian	45	15	35	10	0	10
Croatian	95	45	55	25	20	10
Czech	115	65	45	80	55	25
Macedonian	35	25	10	0	0	0
Polish	320	165	160	50	25	30
Russian	1,200	630	570	145	65	75
Serbian	90	70	20	10	10	0
Serbo-Croatian	40	30	10	0	0	0
Slovak	45	15	30	15	10	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	10	0	30	10	25
Ukrainian	310	145	165	40	25	20
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	0	10	0
Celtic languages	140	40	100	20	10	10
Scottish Gaelic	95	20	75	10	10	0
Welsh	10	0	10	10	10	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	10	10	0
Germanic languages	4,745	2,360	2,380	1,360	715	650
Afrikaans	130	70	60	45	25	25
Danish	155	60	95	10	10	0
Dutch	1,185	560	625	155	75	75
Frisian	50	40	15	0	0	0
German	3,260	1,675	1,580	1,125	585	540
Icelandic	10	10	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	130	65	65	30	15	15
Swedish	110	45	60	25	15	15
Vlaams (Flemish)	40	20	25	0	0	0
Yiddish	20	20	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	220	125	95	10	10	10
Indo-Iranian languages	2,325	1,275	1,050	315	190	125
Indo-Aryan languages	1,570	875	695	300	180	120
Bengali	225	150	80	20	10	10
Gujarati	110	45	65	50	45	10
Hindi	790	430	355	170	115	55
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	55	20	30	0	0	0
Nepali	185	90	95	10	10	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	205	130	75	150	70	80
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	35	10	20	0	0	0
Urdu	355	215	140	50	25	25
Iranian languages	805	430	375	15	10	0
Kurdish	130	65	60	0	0	0
Pashto	60	45	20	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	620	330	285	15	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	7,600	3,540	4,055	1,130	490	635
Catalan	15	10	0	0	0	0
Italian	825	405	420	130	45	85
Portuguese	450	250	200	55	30	30
Romanian	555	290	265	15	0	10
Spanish	6,065	2,775	3,290	975	435	535
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Japanese	430	190	240	105	55	45
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	1,695	860	835	70	20	50
Mongolic languages	10	10	10	10	0	0
Mongolian	15	10	10	10	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	1,525	890	640	65	40	25
Akan (Twi)	35	15	25	0	0	0
Bamanankan	155	70	85	0	0	10
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	100	85	15	0	0	0
Ga	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ganda	10	10	0	0	0	0
Igbo	60	50	15	0	0	0
Lingala	125	95	35	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	90	55	35	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	70	40	30	0	0	10
Shona	40	15	25	0	10	0
Swahili	355	185	170	15	10	10
Wolof	70	45	25	0	0	0
Yoruba	60	45	20	10	10	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	545	315	230	30	10	20
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	1,155	450	705	55	25	35
American Sign Language	425	150	280	40	20	15
Quebec Sign Language	15	10	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	745	305	435	15	0	15
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,585	1,885	1,700	305	150	155
Chinese languages	3,510	1,855	1,660	300	145	155
Cantonese	610	285	320	180	105	75
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	2,760	1,455	1,310	185	80	105
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	60	30	30	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	140	65	75	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	310	195	115	10	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	40	10	30	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	70	30	40	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	65	25	45	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	85	20	65	40	25	15
Lao	10	0	10	10	0	0
Thai	80	20	60	40	20	15
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	175	105	75	20	15	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	165	105	60	10	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	10	10	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages	270	130	140	115	65	50
Estonian	20	15	0	0	0	0
Finnish	35	15	20	45	15	25
Hungarian	220	105	115	75	45	25
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	100	70	30	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	730,710	357,855	372,855	35,110	17,640	17,465
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	710,775	347,905	362,875	32,955	16,610	16,350
Canadian citizens aged under 18	130,785	66,795	63,990	7,085	3,700	3,390
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	579,995	281,110	298,880	25,875	12,910	12,965
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	19,925	9,950	9,980	2,155	1,035	1,120
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	730,710	357,855	372,850	35,110	17,645	17,465
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	692,535	339,090	353,445	30,260	15,305	14,950
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	33,810	16,175	17,640	4,410	2,075	2,330
Before 1981	11,545	5,265	6,275	1,325	695	630
1981 to 1990	2,735	1,340	1,390	385	200	185
1991 to 2000	2,975	1,490	1,490	530	235	295
2001 to 2010	7,235	3,530	3,710	1,055	480	575
2001 to 2005	2,435	1,110	1,330	330	130	205
2006 to 2010	4,800	2,415	2,385	725	350	375
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	9,330	4,560	4,770	1,115	470	645
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	4,360	2,590	1,770	435	255	185
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	33,815	16,175	17,635	4,410	2,080	2,330
Under 5 years	5,135	2,350	2,790	460	205	255
5 to 14 years	7,290	3,585	3,705	765	375	390
15 to 24 years	5,790	2,525	3,265	915	420	490
25 to 44 years	12,640	6,100	6,535	1,970	935	1,035
45 years and over	2,955	1,615	1,340	310	145	160
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	33,815	16,175	17,635	4,410	2,080	2,330
Americas	9,420	4,205	5,210	700	295	410
Brazil	55	20	30	10	10	10
Colombia	215	85	130	15	10	0
El Salvador	115	85	30	10	0	0
Guyana	80	40	45	10	0	10
Haiti	170	70	100	0	0	0
Jamaica	120	85	40	15	0	15
Mexico	160	50	110	45	20	20
Peru	60	35	25	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	115	70	40	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	7,620	3,315	4,305	560	235	320
Other places of birth in Americas	715	355	360	45	20	30
Europe	10,985	5,335	5,650	1,730	945	785
Bosnia and Herzegovina	100	55	50	10	10	0
Croatia	60	35	25	10	10	0
France	760	425	340	80	50	30
Germany	1,615	740	880	440	245	195
Greece	95	60	40	0	0	0
Hungary	100	35	65	40	25	20
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	160	75	85	35	25	15
Italy	210	125	85	40	20	15
Netherlands	975	505	465	135	70	65
Poland	195	90	100	35	10	15
Portugal	130	85	45	10	10	0
Romania	485	245	240	10	0	10
Russian Federation	245	115	135	25	10	20
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	30	25	10	0	0	0
Ukraine	250	120	130	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	4,600	2,160	2,445	520	260	250
Other places of birth in Europe	970	455	515	355	215	140
Africa	2,565	1,420	1,140	175	125	50
Algeria	165	90	75	10	0	0
Egypt	120	75	45	0	0	0
Ethiopia	120	65	60	10	10	0
Kenya	60	30	30	10	10	0
Morocco	200	120	75	10	10	0
Nigeria	115	65	50	15	10	0
Somalia	15	10	10	20	15	10
South Africa, Republic of	165	85	80	50	25	25
Other places of birth in Africa	1,615	885	725	45	35	15
Asia	10,625	5,105	5,520	1,695	675	1,010
Afghanistan	20	10	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	100	55	50	10	10	10
China^{Census data footnote 59}	2,210	1,040	1,175	230	80	150
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	120	60	55	15	10	0
India	820	435	380	110	50	60
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	490	260	230	15	10	10
Iraq	70	25	45	0	0	0
Japan	90	15	75	20	10	10
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	1,495	775	720	50	25	30
Lebanon	390	225	165	0	0	0
Pakistan	225	130	95	25	10	15
Philippines	1,340	475	870	1,010	385	625
Sri Lanka	40	15	30	15	0	10
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	1,225	605	620	10	0	0
Taiwan	80	25	55	10	0	0
Viet Nam	720	355	365	60	25	35
Other places of birth in Asia	1,195	600	595	120	55	70
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	220	110	110	110	40	70
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	9,325	4,555	4,775	1,115	470	640
Americas	900	430	475	85	25	55
Brazil	20	10	10	10	0	10
Colombia	40	20	15	0	0	0
Cuba	10	10	10	10	0	10
Haiti	45	15	30	0	0	0
Jamaica	40	25	10	0	0	0
Mexico	25	10	20	25	10	15
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	585	285	300	35	15	25
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	25	10	20	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	110	45	70	0	0	0
Europe	1,405	695	710	170	85	85
France	300	165	130	40	20	20
Germany	85	45	45	60	25	35
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	30	15	15	15	10	10
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	25	10	20	10	0	0
Romania	245	130	120	0	0	0
Russian Federation	90	35	55	10	0	10
Ukraine	100	50	50	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	240	145	100	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	280	105	180	35	20	20
Africa	975	550	425	15	10	0
Algeria	15	20	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	45	35	10	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	155	75	80	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	10	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	40	20	20	0	0	0
Eritrea	35	15	25	0	0	0
Ethiopia	45	20	25	0	0	0
Morocco	40	30	10	0	0	0
Nigeria	40	15	25	10	0	0
Somalia	10	0	10	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tunisia	50	30	20	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	455	265	185	10	10	0
Asia	6,015	2,865	3,150	835	345	495
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	25	10	15	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	1,390	690	700	40	20	25
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	10	10	0	0	0	0
India	265	140	125	40	10	25
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	255	130	125	15	10	0
Iraq	45	20	25	0	0	0
Israel	200	90	110	0	0	0
Japan	15	0	15	10	10	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	600	290	310	25	15	10
Lebanon	130	75	55	0	0	0
Nepal	45	15	35	0	0	0
Pakistan	70	40	30	20	10	10
Philippines	925	345	580	635	245	390
Saudi Arabia	45	40	10	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	1,145	550	595	0	0	0
Taiwan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	45	40	10	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	30	20	10	0	0	0
Viet Nam	500	250	255	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	265	100	160	50	20	30
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	40	25	15	10	10	10
Australia	20	10	10	10	0	10
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	20	10	10	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	730,710	357,855	372,850	35,110	17,640	17,470
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	41,395	20,445	20,955	5,055	2,460	2,590
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	43,370	21,150	22,220	5,570	2,735	2,835
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	645,945	316,270	329,675	24,490	12,450	12,045
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	22,665	11,085	11,575	3,155	1,420	1,740
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	13,205	6,735	6,470	2,045	990	1,055
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	5,115	3,595	1,520	1,015	565	450
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	8,090	3,140	4,950	1,030	420	605
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	6,100	2,625	3,475	980	340	635
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	3,240	1,675	1,570	125	85	45
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	110	55	60	10	10	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	730,710	357,860	372,855	35,115	17,645	17,465
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	29,385	14,690	14,695	8,195	3,960	4,230
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	28,160	14,120	14,040	7,925	3,815	4,110
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	17,575	8,555	9,015	6,685	3,315	3,370
Métis	10,200	5,370	4,835	1,015	430	590
Inuk (Inuit)	385	190	190	230	75	150
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	470	210	260	160	85	75
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	750	360	390	105	60	45
Non-Aboriginal identity	701,325	343,170	358,155	26,915	13,685	13,235
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	730,705	357,855	372,850	35,110	17,645	17,465
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	14,305	7,085	7,225	5,910	2,990	2,920
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	716,405	350,775	365,625	29,200	14,655	14,550
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	730,710	357,860	372,850	35,115	17,645	17,470
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	12,785	6,335	6,450	3,740	1,860	1,880
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	12,495	6,175	6,320	3,650	1,810	1,840
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	10,635	5,200	5,435	3,405	1,705	1,695
Métis single ancestry	1,695	900	800	150	65	90
Inuit single ancestry	165	75	85	95	35	55
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	290	165	130	85	50	35
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	235	125	110	30	10	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	25	15	15	55	35	15
Métis and Inuit ancestries	20	20	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	10	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	33,795	16,295	17,500	4,585	2,140	2,440
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	32,505	15,690	16,815	4,325	2,035	2,295
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	24,255	11,640	12,615	3,515	1,680	1,840
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	7,765	3,810	3,955	660	285	375
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	480	240	245	145	70	80
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	1,295	600	690	260	110	155
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,165	540	630	160	65	105
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	60	30	30	90	40	50
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	40	20	25	10	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	25	15	10	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	684,125	335,230	348,895	26,790	13,645	13,145
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	730,710	357,855	372,850	35,115	17,645	17,470
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	24,535	12,470	12,070	3,000	1,345	1,650
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	2,535	1,385	1,150	500	275	225
Chinese	3,925	1,970	1,955	415	170	240
Black	7,000	3,540	3,460	270	120	150
Filipino	1,980	835	1,145	1,190	480	710
Latin American	1,285	650	635	130	75	60
Arab	2,960	1,650	1,310	10	10	10
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	1,230	600	630	180	80	100
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	730	415	320	30	20	10
Korean	1,685	885	800	70	20	50
Japanese	230	70	160	65	35	30
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	305	135	175	15	10	10
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	675	345	330	120	60	60
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	706,170	345,385	360,785	32,110	16,295	15,815
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	730,705	357,860	372,850	35,115	17,645	17,470
North American Aboriginal origins	46,585	22,625	23,955	8,320	4,000	4,325
First Nations (North American Indian)	36,405	17,570	18,840	7,255	3,535	3,725
Inuit	830	420	410	390	195	200
Métis	10,960	5,435	5,530	1,020	430	590
Other North American origins	428,865	209,615	219,250	9,335	4,775	4,565
Acadian	29,505	14,455	15,060	165	65	95
American	7,175	3,575	3,605	675	310	365
Canadian	407,370	199,020	208,350	8,635	4,460	4,180
New Brunswicker	240	135	105	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	445	190	250	65	30	35
Nova Scotian	65	40	25	10	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	10	0	0	10
Québécois	770	410	365	85	40	50
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	20	20	0	0	0	0
European origins	424,850	206,715	218,135	24,990	12,525	12,465
British Isles origins	314,655	151,970	162,690	17,525	8,740	8,780
Channel Islander	125	45	85	0	0	0
Cornish	45	25	20	0	0	0
English	168,205	80,795	87,415	9,680	4,850	4,825
Irish	147,245	69,515	77,730	6,930	3,310	3,615
Manx	45	40	10	10	0	10
Scottish	134,455	64,400	70,055	8,290	4,065	4,235
Welsh	10,110	4,825	5,290	905	425	480
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	10,640	4,885	5,755	1,235	595	640
French origins	163,270	79,105	84,165	5,060	2,455	2,605
Alsatian	15	10	0	0	10	0
Breton	55	30	30	15	10	10
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	163,245	79,090	84,155	5,035	2,440	2,600
Western European origins (except French origins)	49,825	24,100	25,725	7,690	3,805	3,885
Austrian	1,000	530	475	365	180	185
Bavarian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Belgian	1,470	650	815	175	85	90
Dutch	15,230	7,290	7,945	1,765	815	945
Flemish	100	65	40	10	0	10
Frisian	40	25	15	15	0	15
German	34,205	16,575	17,630	5,575	2,765	2,810
Luxembourger	0	10	0	10	0	0
Swiss	1,145	545	595	435	265	170
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	35	20	15	30	0	30
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	10,400	5,080	5,320	3,335	1,625	1,710
Danish	3,960	1,885	2,075	555	275	280
Finnish	465	235	225	275	135	145
Icelandic	250	135	115	215	125	85
Norwegian	3,330	1,650	1,680	1,380	690	690
Swedish	2,010	1,010	1,005	1,100	510	585
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	820	410	410	205	110	95
Eastern European origins	11,590	5,600	5,995	4,495	2,190	2,305
Bulgarian	155	60	100	45	15	30
Byelorussian	85	45	40	20	10	0
Czech	435	215	225	180	110	70
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	175	80	100	40	10	30
Estonian	100	35	60	15	15	0
Hungarian	1,280	615	665	485	250	235
Latvian	185	105	80	50	25	20
Lithuanian	325	165	160	35	15	25
Moldovan	35	20	15	0	0	0
Polish	3,445	1,670	1,780	1,140	530	605
Romanian	945	485	460	130	60	75
Russian	2,260	1,015	1,245	820	365	460
Slovak	250	130	125	110	60	55
Ukrainian	3,535	1,750	1,785	2,205	1,055	1,145
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	70	25	45	35	20	20
Southern European origins	13,450	6,560	6,890	1,490	690	795
Albanian	120	65	55	10	0	0
Bosnian	120	65	55	20	15	10
Catalan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Croatian	310	120	190	55	25	35
Cypriot	30	20	10	0	0	0
Greek	950	485	465	90	50	40
Italian	7,460	3,615	3,845	915	400	520
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	80	35	45	15	15	0
Maltese	115	45	65	10	0	0
Montenegrin	20	20	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	1,785	840	945	70	30	35
Serbian	130	90	35	10	0	0
Sicilian	15	10	0	10	0	10
Slovenian	130	60	60	45	15	30
Spanish	2,555	1,220	1,330	270	140	130
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	120	55	65	30	15	15
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	20	10	10	0	0	0
Other European origins	1,805	960	840	450	175	280
Basque	90	50	40	20	0	20
Jewish	785	410	375	150	50	100
Roma (Gypsy)	30	20	15	10	10	10
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	30	10	15	30	10	20
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	875	480	395	250	115	130
Caribbean origins	2,275	1,045	1,230	165	70	95
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	35	15	15	10	0	0
Barbadian	100	60	40	10	0	0
Bermudan	130	40	90	0	0	0
Carib	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	235	135	100	15	0	0
Dominican	80	35	40	0	0	0
Grenadian	20	0	15	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	35	20	15	0	0	0
Haitian	305	140	160	0	0	0
Jamaican	750	350	395	95	40	50
Kittitian/Nevisian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	85	40	40	0	0	0
St. Lucian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	150	70	75	20	0	15
Vincentian/Grenadinian	45	10	35	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	245	110	135	15	10	10
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	185	65	120	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	2,135	1,110	1,025	215	110	105
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	65	40	25	0	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	30	10	20	35	15	20
Belizean	0	0	10	0	0	0
Bolivian	55	35	20	0	0	0
Brazilian	60	15	45	20	10	10
Chilean	95	40	55	25	20	10
Colombian	265	105	160	25	15	10
Costa Rican	30	15	15	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	30	20	10	0	0	0
Guatemalan	125	40	85	0	10	0
Guyanese	115	50	70	10	0	10
Hispanic	75	35	35	0	0	0
Honduran	50	20	25	10	0	10
Maya	90	45	45	0	0	0
Mexican	700	395	300	90	50	40
Nicaraguan	20	20	0	0	0	0
Panamanian	15	15	0	10	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	90	45	45	0	0	0
Salvadorean	135	95	40	0	0	0
Uruguayan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	60	35	30	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	110	65	50	0	0	0
African origins	6,705	3,535	3,170	350	165	185
Central and West African origins	1,835	1,045	790	60	30	25
Akan	20	10	10	0	0	0
Angolan	25	10	10	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	10	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	75	50	30	0	0	0
Cameroonian	150	110	40	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	415	250	165	0	0	0
Edo	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	15	10	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	90	55	35	10	10	10
Guinean	175	125	50	0	0	0
Ibo	80	55	25	0	0	0
Ivorian	60	30	30	0	0	0
Liberian	80	45	35	0	0	0
Malian	125	55	65	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	230	115	115	15	10	10
Peulh	40	25	20	0	0	0
Senegalese	105	45	60	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	20	0	20	0	0	0
Togolese	40	20	25	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	50	25	25	0	10	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	225	135	90	30	20	10
North African origins	1,200	705	495	35	15	20
Algerian	190	90	90	0	0	0
Berber	180	105	70	10	10	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	210	130	80	0	0	0
Libyan	185	85	100	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	20	0	15
Moroccan	365	255	115	0	0	0
Sudanese	15	10	10	0	0	0
Tunisian	140	80	60	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	15	10	10	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	1,050	565	485	125	60	65
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	10
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	30	25	0	0	0	0
Burundian	105	55	50	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	115	80	40	0	0	0
Ethiopian	180	105	70	10	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	10	0	0	15	10	10
Malagasy	60	20	35	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	10	0	10	10	0
Oromo	30	10	20	0	0	0
Rwandan	105	50	55	0	0	0
Seychellois	10	0	10	15	10	0
Somali	30	25	0	15	15	10
South African	225	95	130	60	20	35
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	25	15	15	0	0	0
Zambian	25	10	15	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	60	30	30	0	10	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	80	40	40	10	0	10
Other African origins	2,850	1,360	1,485	135	60	75
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	385	140	245	0	0	10
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	2,475	1,225	1,245	130	55	75
Asian origins	19,410	9,775	9,635	2,855	1,260	1,595
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	6,835	3,590	3,240	195	110	85
Afghan	25	10	20	0	10	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	590	300	295	15	10	10
Armenian	115	60	50	25	15	15
Assyrian	15	10	0	10	0	0
Azerbaijani	10	0	10	0	0	0
Georgian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	665	365	305	20	10	10
Iraqi	105	50	55	10	0	0
Israeli	175	85	90	0	0	0
Jordanian	180	105	75	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	10	0	0	0	0
Kurd	80	45	30	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	2,825	1,435	1,395	60	45	15
Palestinian	75	40	30	0	0	0
Pashtun	20	10	10	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	85	65	20	0	0	0
Syrian	1,685	865	825	0	0	10
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	25	10	15	10	0	0
Turk	235	150	85	30	15	15
Turkmen	10	15	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	40	25	10	20	10	10
Yemeni	35	20	15	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	50	35	15	0	0	10
South Asian origins	2,975	1,590	1,385	460	265	200
Bangladeshi	150	95	55	30	15	0
Bengali	50	40	10	0	0	0
Bhutanese	35	20	15	0	0	0
East Indian	2,150	1,105	1,045	315	160	160
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	40	40	0
Kashmiri	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	160	75	90	0	10	0
Pakistani	255	160	100	60	25	30
Punjabi	45	35	15	0	0	0
Sinhalese	15	0	10	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	100	45	55	20	20	10
Tamil	25	15	10	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	85	50	35	0	10	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	9,640	4,610	5,030	2,180	890	1,285
Burmese	25	15	10	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	60	30	30	0	0	0
Chinese	4,480	2,230	2,250	625	240	380
Filipino	2,130	870	1,265	1,330	550	780
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	100	30	65	20	0	15
Japanese	305	115	185	95	50	45
Karen	65	30	35	0	0	0
Korean	1,675	875	795	80	25	55
Laotian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	30	15	15	45	10	40
Mongolian	45	30	15	10	10	10
Singaporean	10	10	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	60	30	30	0	0	0
Thai	100	30	70	25	10	15
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	885	450	435	85	50	40
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	10	0	10	10	0	0
Other Asian origins	110	70	45	25	0	25
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	115	65	45	25	0	25
Oceania origins	470	210	260	170	80	90
Australian	290	120	165	80	35	50
New Zealander	135	70	70	65	30	35
Pacific Islands origins	55	30	20	35	25	10
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Hawaiian	30	10	15	0	0	0
Maori	10	10	0	20	20	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	10	0	10	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	10	10	0	10	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	319,770	...	...	15,215	...	...
Owner	238,040	...	...	9,680	...	...
Renter	79,865	...	...	5,005	...	...
Band housing	1,865	...	...	530	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	319,770	...	...	15,215	...	...
Condominium	10,580	...	...	1,495	...	...
Not condominium	309,195	...	...	13,720	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	319,775	...	...	15,215	...	...
No bedrooms	680	...	...	125	...	...
1 bedroom	28,370	...	...	2,515	...	...
2 bedrooms	88,115	...	...	4,290	...	...
3 bedrooms	125,865	...	...	5,065	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	76,745	...	...	3,215	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	319,770	...	...	15,215	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	66,540	...	...	5,160	...	...
5 rooms	56,365	...	...	2,675	...	...
6 rooms	54,070	...	...	2,340	...	...
7 rooms	45,825	...	...	1,755	...	...
8 or more rooms	96,970	...	...	3,285	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	319,770	...	...	15,215	...	...
One person or fewer per room	318,195	...	...	14,970	...	...
More than 1 person per room	1,575	...	...	245	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	319,770	...	...	15,215	...	...
Suitable	312,370	...	...	14,490	...	...
Not suitable	7,405	...	...	725	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	319,770	...	...	15,215	...	...
1960 or before	76,690	...	...	1,315	...	...
1961 to 1980	98,720	...	...	4,625	...	...
1981 to 1990	45,630	...	...	2,330	...	...
1991 to 2000	39,825	...	...	2,625	...	...
2001 to 2005	19,090	...	...	1,045	...	...
2006 to 2010	22,530	...	...	1,435	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	17,290	...	...	1,840	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	319,770	...	...	15,215	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	293,155	...	...	13,315	...	...
Major repairs needed	26,625	...	...	1,900	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	319,770	...	...	15,215	...	...
1 household maintainer	195,585	...	...	9,070	...	...
2 household maintainers	120,195	...	...	5,690	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	3,995	...	...	460	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	319,775	...	...	15,215	...	...
15 to 24 years	10,375	...	...	420	...	...
25 to 34 years	38,585	...	...	2,390	...	...
35 to 44 years	50,050	...	...	2,810	...	...
45 to 54 years	61,860	...	...	3,275	...	...
55 to 64 years	68,145	...	...	3,605	...	...
65 to 74 years	53,435	...	...	1,875	...	...
75 to 84 years	27,655	...	...	680	...	...
85 years and over	9,675	...	...	155	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	314,325	...	...	14,550	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	261,385	...	...	11,865	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	52,935	...	...	2,680	...	...
30% to less than 100%	47,190	...	...	2,345	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	235,950	...	...	9,590	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	55.9	...	...	59.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	10.3	...	...	12.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	741	...	...	1,239	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	876	...	...	1,325	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	150,010	...	...	358,721	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	170,071	...	...	371,716	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	79,370	...	...	5,005	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	14.4	...	...	25.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	36.5	...	...	29.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	704	...	...	967	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	741	...	...	1,038	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	620,395	301,650	318,745	28,875	14,310	14,565
No certificate, diploma or degree	136,745	71,600	65,140	4,715	2,635	2,080
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	176,750	85,345	91,405	6,835	3,325	3,505
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	306,895	144,700	162,200	17,335	8,350	8,985
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	56,595	39,965	16,630	3,145	2,450	695
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	29,630	17,320	12,315	1,230	785	445
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	26,965	22,645	4,320	1,915	1,665	255
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	135,065	56,055	79,005	6,120	2,520	3,600
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	11,610	3,995	7,620	825	320	500
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	103,630	44,685	58,945	7,250	3,060	4,195
Bachelor's degree	73,330	30,165	43,165	4,790	1,955	2,835
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	6,735	2,795	3,935	435	175	260
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	2,755	1,600	1,160	190	115	75
Master's degree	17,745	8,170	9,585	1,695	745	955
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	3,065	1,955	1,110	135	65	70
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	400,785	194,715	206,070	21,030	10,190	10,845
No certificate, diploma or degree	55,645	32,390	23,260	2,255	1,400	855
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	114,330	56,430	57,895	4,400	2,065	2,340
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	230,810	105,890	124,915	14,375	6,730	7,650
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	37,710	26,335	11,375	2,400	1,875	520
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	19,900	11,430	8,475	885	560	325
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	17,805	14,905	2,900	1,510	1,320	190
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	104,595	43,695	60,900	4,975	2,020	2,955
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	7,685	2,660	5,020	665	250	410
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	80,825	33,195	47,625	6,340	2,575	3,765
Bachelor's degree	57,560	23,115	34,450	4,190	1,660	2,530
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	5,160	1,920	3,240	380	140	235
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	2,190	1,110	1,080	165	90	75
Master's degree	13,730	5,770	7,960	1,500	625	870
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	2,190	1,285	905	110	55	60
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	620,395	301,645	318,745	28,880	14,315	14,565
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	313,495	156,945	156,545	11,545	5,960	5,585
Education	25,570	6,725	18,845	1,545	505	1,040
13. Education	25,565	6,720	18,845	1,545	505	1,040
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	6,140	2,800	3,335	525	215	305
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,155	905	250	60	50	10
50. Visual and performing arts	4,990	1,900	3,085	465	170	295
Humanities	12,430	5,245	7,190	840	375	470
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	1,040	255	785	90	15	70
23. English language and literature/letters	2,395	715	1,675	215	100	115
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	3,055	1,065	1,990	230	95	135
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	55	20	35	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	725	455	270	70	45	20
39. Theology and religious vocations	2,150	1,325	825	95	70	25
54. History	2,190	1,185	1,005	120	40	80
55. French language and literature/letters	830	220	605	20	0	20
Social and behavioural sciences and law	23,780	6,945	16,835	2,095	705	1,390
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	190	35	155	60	10	60
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,725	710	1,015	170	45	125
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	6,015	305	5,710	400	30	365
22. Legal professions and studies	3,935	1,325	2,615	290	140	150
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	420	95	325	45	10	35
42. Psychology	5,075	1,355	3,725	285	80	200
45. Social sciences	6,420	3,120	3,300	845	395	455
Business, management and public administration	67,605	19,470	48,135	3,310	960	2,350
30.16 Accounting and computer science	230	35	190	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	5,670	1,010	4,660	525	125	395
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	61,705	18,425	43,285	2,785	835	1,955
Physical and life sciences and technologies	7,625	3,930	3,700	690	360	330
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	3,320	1,525	1,800	380	195	190
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,845	825	1,025	95	45	50
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	130	30	100	10	0	10
40. Physical sciences	1,720	1,265	455	185	100	80
41. Science technologies/technicians	610	285	325	30	20	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	11,275	7,185	4,095	405	200	200
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	9,975	6,640	3,335	285	170	120
25. Library science	620	95	525	45	0	40
27. Mathematics and statistics	620	395	225	70	25	45
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	55	45	10	10	10	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	70,800	67,070	3,735	3,575	3,250	325
04. Architecture and related services	500	365	140	90	70	25
14. Engineering	8,020	7,015	1,010	470	365	100
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	13,010	11,575	1,430	520	455	65
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	10	0	10
46. Construction trades	18,910	18,555	350	1,210	1,150	55
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	20,075	19,570	505	990	955	40
48. Precision production	10,290	9,985	300	280	255	20
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	6,370	4,715	1,650	815	465	355
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	2,970	1,840	1,130	125	70	55
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,395	2,875	520	695	395	300
Health and related fields	49,795	7,490	42,305	2,200	515	1,690
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	2,770	1,325	1,445	215	90	125
51. Health professions and related programs	46,160	5,600	40,550	1,945	405	1,545
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	870	565	305	40	25	15
Personal, protective and transportation services	25,460	13,110	12,355	1,330	800	525
12. Personal and culinary services	13,835	2,735	11,095	640	215	425
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	105	95	10	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	390	355	40	10	0	0
43. Security and protective services	4,665	3,795	875	225	160	70
49. Transportation and materials moving	6,465	6,135	325	455	420	35
Other	50	25	25	0	10	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	45	25	20	10	10	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	400,780	194,710	206,070	21,030	10,190	10,845
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	169,970	88,820	81,150	6,655	3,460	3,195
Education	16,350	3,830	12,520	1,245	380	860
13. Education	16,350	3,835	12,515	1,250	385	865
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	4,690	2,140	2,550	480	200	275
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	830	630	200	55	50	10
50. Visual and performing arts	3,860	1,510	2,350	425	150	270
Humanities	8,810	3,450	5,360	675	300	380
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	820	195	625	70	20	55
23. English language and literature/letters	1,725	490	1,235	190	90	100
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,125	650	1,475	165	65	100
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	35	10	30	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	500	295	215	55	35	20
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,460	860	595	85	70	15
54. History	1,630	855	775	95	25	70
55. French language and literature/letters	520	100	420	20	0	15
Social and behavioural sciences and law	18,970	5,210	13,760	1,845	620	1,225
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	135	20	115	55	10	45
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,500	630	870	150	40	110
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	4,685	235	4,450	320	20	300
22. Legal professions and studies	3,280	940	2,340	280	130	145
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	335	70	260	40	10	35
42. Psychology	4,015	980	3,035	245	70	175
45. Social sciences	5,015	2,330	2,680	755	340	415
Business, management and public administration	52,915	15,055	37,860	2,750	750	1,995
30.16 Accounting and computer science	215	40	175	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	4,505	735	3,770	430	95	340
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	48,190	14,280	33,915	2,315	655	1,660
Physical and life sciences and technologies	5,620	2,710	2,905	615	310	310
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	2,580	1,135	1,445	330	165	165
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,275	540	730	85	40	45
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	110	20	95	10	0	10
40. Physical sciences	1,185	820	370	165	85	80
41. Science technologies/technicians	465	195	270	30	20	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	9,710	6,285	3,425	335	165	170
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	8,815	5,910	2,905	265	150	115
25. Library science	415	70	345	35	10	25
27. Mathematics and statistics	430	265	170	30	0	25
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	55	50	0	10	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	51,150	47,940	3,210	2,815	2,525	285
04. Architecture and related services	395	270	120	75	55	25
14. Engineering	6,230	5,295	935	385	295	85
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	10,405	9,135	1,270	415	360	60
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	10	0	15
46. Construction trades	13,110	12,825	290	1,000	940	55
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	14,025	13,635	395	735	695	35
48. Precision production	6,980	6,770	210	190	175	15
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	5,010	3,575	1,430	735	405	330
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	2,355	1,395	960	115	60	55
03. Natural resources and conservation	2,655	2,185	470	625	350	280
Health and related fields	38,135	5,850	32,285	1,840	435	1,400
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	2,145	1,060	1,085	185	75	115
51. Health professions and related programs	35,295	4,385	30,905	1,620	350	1,275
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	695	405	285	30	15	15
Personal, protective and transportation services	19,415	9,810	9,600	1,040	625	415
12. Personal and culinary services	10,520	1,945	8,575	510	175	330
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	95	85	10	10	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	220	190	35	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	3,460	2,760	705	180	125	55
49. Transportation and materials moving	5,115	4,835	285	345	320	25
Other	45	25	20	10	10	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	40	25	15	10	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	620,390	301,650	318,745	28,880	14,315	14,565
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	313,495	156,945	156,545	11,545	5,960	5,585
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	306,900	144,700	162,200	17,335	8,350	8,985
Location of study inside Canada	290,645	136,490	154,155	14,515	6,955	7,560
Same as province or territory of residence	229,835	106,610	123,230	3,915	1,885	2,030
Different than province or territory of residence	60,810	29,880	30,925	10,600	5,065	5,535
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	16,255	8,205	8,050	2,815	1,400	1,425
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	5,360	2,675	2,685	635	345	285
Philippines	920	285	635	570	210	360
India	460	230	230	105	65	40
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	1,995	1,175	815	265	115	150
China^{Census data footnote 162}	1,105	550	555	40	15	20
France	660	370	290	65	35	25
Other	5,755	2,920	2,835	1,145	610	535
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	400,785	194,715	206,070	21,035	10,190	10,845
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	169,970	88,815	81,155	6,655	3,460	3,195
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	230,815	105,895	124,920	14,380	6,730	7,650
Location of study inside Canada	218,710	100,175	118,535	12,045	5,585	6,465
Same as province or territory of residence	172,760	78,520	94,240	3,120	1,450	1,665
Different than province or territory of residence	45,950	21,660	24,295	8,925	4,130	4,795
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	12,105	5,715	6,380	2,335	1,145	1,185
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	3,460	1,555	1,905	460	245	215
Philippines	875	260	615	550	205	340
India	345	160	180	85	55	30
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	1,070	575	490	185	90	90
China^{Census data footnote 162}	1,025	475	550	25	10	20
France	525	300	225	55	30	20
Other	4,800	2,390	2,415	975	505	470
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	620,390	301,650	318,745	28,880	14,315	14,565
In the labour force	381,790	197,005	184,790	21,795	11,005	10,795
Employed	339,045	170,050	168,995	19,790	9,765	10,025
Unemployed	42,745	26,950	15,795	2,010	1,240	765
Not in the labour force	238,600	104,645	133,955	7,085	3,310	3,775
Participation rate	61.5	65.3	58.0	75.5	76.9	74.1
Employment rate	54.7	56.4	53.0	68.5	68.2	68.8
Unemployment rate	11.2	13.7	8.5	9.2	11.3	7.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	620,390	301,645	318,745	28,880	14,310	14,570
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	217,930	94,105	123,825	5,980	2,790	3,190
Worked	402,465	207,540	194,920	22,900	11,525	11,375
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	201,230	106,785	94,450	10,865	5,465	5,405
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	201,225	100,760	100,475	12,030	6,060	5,975
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.0	40.6	41.5	41.1	40.3	41.9
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	381,795	197,000	184,790	21,800	11,005	10,790
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	7,320	3,790	3,530	395	220	175
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	374,470	193,210	181,260	21,405	10,785	10,615
Employee	342,685	173,560	169,125	18,810	9,165	9,645
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	31,785	19,655	12,130	2,595	1,620	975
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	381,790	197,005	184,790	21,795	11,005	10,795
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	7,320	3,790	3,530	395	220	175
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	374,470	193,215	181,255	21,405	10,790	10,615
0 Management occupations	34,015	20,605	13,415	2,460	1,325	1,135
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	52,695	14,200	38,495	3,465	740	2,725
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	20,705	16,300	4,405	1,385	1,055	330
3 Health occupations	30,730	4,870	25,865	1,230	255	970
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	45,640	15,355	30,285	3,625	1,280	2,345
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	6,610	2,925	3,685	790	345	450
6 Sales and service occupations	91,035	36,535	54,505	3,955	1,660	2,300
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	59,925	57,015	2,910	3,650	3,400	250
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	14,485	12,280	2,205	505	450	50
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	18,620	13,130	5,495	350	285	60
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	381,795	197,000	184,790	21,795	11,005	10,790
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	7,320	3,790	3,530	395	220	175
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	374,470	193,210	181,260	21,405	10,785	10,620
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	15,135	12,025	3,115	245	190	55
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	4,345	3,765	580	505	440	70
22 Utilities	3,350	2,615	735	160	115	50
23 Construction	27,795	25,195	2,595	2,055	1,810	240
31-33 Manufacturing	32,405	23,215	9,195	335	230	105
41 Wholesale trade	11,170	8,180	2,990	325	240	85
44-45 Retail trade	46,180	21,220	24,950	1,975	1,015	960
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	17,680	13,295	4,390	1,060	765	300
51 Information and cultural industries	6,615	3,700	2,915	535	300	235
52 Finance and insurance	12,415	4,090	8,325	305	95	210
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	3,830	2,245	1,585	195	105	90
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	17,240	9,485	7,750	1,295	645	645
55 Management of companies and enterprises	345	145	195	20	10	15
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	18,530	10,060	8,475	565	330	235
61 Educational services	26,090	8,180	17,905	1,630	520	1,115
62 Health care and social assistance	51,380	7,955	43,430	2,070	400	1,670
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	5,950	3,065	2,885	600	285	310
72 Accommodation and food services	24,825	8,460	16,365	1,545	605	940
81 Other services (except public administration)	17,105	8,365	8,745	775	415	355
91 Public administration	32,090	17,960	14,135	5,205	2,280	2,925
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	339,045	170,050	168,995	19,790	9,765	10,025
Worked at home	19,445	9,485	9,955	1,420	770	655
Worked outside Canada	1,315	885	430	25	10	20
No fixed workplace address	37,925	28,630	9,300	2,330	1,795	540
Worked at usual place	280,360	131,055	149,310	16,010	7,200	8,815
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	280,360	131,055	149,310	16,010	7,195	8,815
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	127,230	57,560	69,670	13,510	6,025	7,485
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	97,230	44,565	52,665	2,265	1,040	1,225
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	50,560	25,155	25,410	0	0	0
Commute to a different province or territory	5,345	3,775	1,565	235	135	100
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	318,285	159,680	158,605	18,340	8,990	9,350
Car, truck, van - as a driver	266,035	135,575	130,460	13,990	7,130	6,860
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	24,455	9,855	14,600	1,095	385	710
Public transit	7,290	3,600	3,690	720	315	405
Walked	14,650	6,900	7,755	1,735	645	1,090
Bicycle	1,210	800	405	470	285	190
Other method	4,645	2,950	1,695	320	225	90
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	318,290	159,680	158,605	18,340	8,985	9,355
Less than 15 minutes	135,690	63,885	71,810	9,735	4,695	5,040
15 to 29 minutes	118,075	58,505	59,570	6,195	3,045	3,150
30 to 44 minutes	39,230	21,385	17,845	1,400	625	770
45 to 59 minutes	12,945	7,275	5,670	465	215	245
60 minutes and over	12,345	8,635	3,710	550	405	150
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	318,285	159,680	158,605	18,340	8,990	9,355
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	17,850	12,755	5,100	520	335	180
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	51,825	30,905	20,925	1,930	1,150	780
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	112,460	55,470	56,990	6,185	3,220	2,965
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	64,235	25,835	38,400	5,785	2,450	3,335
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	25,595	9,415	16,180	1,905	805	1,100
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	46,320	25,300	21,020	2,015	1,020	990
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	413,695	212,875	200,820	23,495	11,810	11,685
Single responses	395,120	204,270	190,850	23,325	11,735	11,595
Official languages	394,015	203,660	190,355	23,230	11,695	11,540
English	304,775	160,255	144,515	22,970	11,600	11,370
French	89,240	43,400	45,840	260	95	165
Non-official languages	1,105	615	490	95	35	55
Aboriginal languages	255	140	115	25	10	15
Algonquian languages	250	135	110	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	255	135	110	0	0	0
Malecite	15	10	10	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	240	135	110	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	20	10	15
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	10	10
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	855	475	380	70	30	40
Afro-Asiatic languages	160	105	50	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	160	105	55	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	140	100	45	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	25	10	10	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40	20	20	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	45	20	20	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	15	0	10	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	10	10	0	0	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	170	95	80	25	10	15
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	30	10	20	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	30	10	20	10	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	25	10	15	10	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	25	10	15	20	10	10
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	25	10	15	15	10	10
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	40	30	10	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	35	25	10	0	0	0
Kurdish	15	15	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	25	15	10	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	65	35	25	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	65	35	30	0	0	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	10	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	60	35	25	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	30	20	10	0	0	0
American Sign Language	10	10	10	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	20	20	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	365	185	175	25	15	15
Chinese languages	360	185	175	25	15	15
Cantonese	35	15	25	20	15	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	295	150	150	10	0	10
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	25	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	10	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	18,575	8,605	9,970	165	75	90
English and French	18,045	8,350	9,695	75	35	40
English and non-official language	475	240	235	80	35	45
French and non-official language	10	0	10	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	45	15	35	10	0	10
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	413,690	212,875	200,820	23,495	11,810	11,685
None	322,045	167,900	154,150	21,950	11,185	10,765
English	44,925	21,560	23,360	210	80	130
French	44,415	22,175	22,240	825	330	500
Non-official language	2,090	1,115	975	475	205	275
Aboriginal	615	285	330	175	70	105
Non-Aboriginal	1,475	830	645	305	135	170
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	55	20	35	0	0	0
French and non-official language	160	95	65	20	10	15
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	724,030	354,435	369,600	34,705	17,450	17,250
Non-movers	641,310	314,280	327,020	28,875	14,450	14,430
Movers	82,720	40,150	42,570	5,825	3,005	2,825
Non-migrants	45,630	21,830	23,800	3,635	1,895	1,740
Migrants	37,090	18,320	18,765	2,190	1,110	1,085
Internal migrants	32,585	15,995	16,585	1,945	990	955
Intraprovincial migrants	21,995	10,555	11,445	545	265	285
Interprovincial migrants	10,585	5,445	5,140	1,400	725	670
External migrants	4,505	2,320	2,185	250	115	130
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	696,160	340,310	355,845	32,990	16,505	16,480
Non-movers	480,830	237,150	243,685	18,040	9,060	8,980
Movers	215,325	103,155	112,165	14,945	7,450	7,495
Non-migrants	113,835	53,935	59,900	8,245	4,195	4,050
Migrants	101,490	49,215	52,275	6,700	3,260	3,445
Internal migrants	89,980	43,165	46,815	5,515	2,675	2,830
Intraprovincial migrants	60,645	28,475	32,165	1,235	590	640
Interprovincial migrants	29,335	14,685	14,650	4,285	2,090	2,195
External migrants	11,510	6,050	5,455	1,190	575	615

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 53 referrer

Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 181 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. New Brunswick [Province] and Yukon [Territory] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 3, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
New Brunswick [Province] and Yukon [Territory]

Census Profile, 2016 Census New Brunswick [Province] and Yukon [Territory]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
New Brunswick [Province] and Yukon [Territory]