Census Profile, 2016 Census
Madawaska--Restigouche [Federal electoral district], New Brunswick and Shawinigan [Population centre], Quebec

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Madawaska--Restigouche New Brunswick [Federal electoral district]			Shawinigan Quebec [Population centre]
	Data quality , Madawaska--Restigouche [Federal electoral district], New Brunswick Map : Madawaska--Restigouche [Federal electoral district], New Brunswick Change geography 1			Data quality : Shawinigan [Population centre], Quebec Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	60,378	...	...	38,211	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	62,540	...	...	39,427^r	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	-3.5	...	...	-3.1	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	29,362	...	...	21,175	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	27,037	...	...	19,400	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	5.2	...	...	1,276.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	11,700.98	...	...	29.94	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	60,380	29,515	30,865	38,220	18,255	19,960
0 to 14 years	7,620	3,895	3,730	4,230	2,175	2,060
0 to 4 years	2,220	1,160	1,060	1,460	730	730
5 to 9 years	2,650	1,340	1,315	1,410	735	675
10 to 14 years	2,750	1,395	1,355	1,365	715	655
15 to 64 years	38,625	19,155	19,465	22,945	11,455	11,490
15 to 19 years	2,865	1,450	1,420	1,650	840	805
20 to 24 years	2,760	1,420	1,340	1,975	1,040	930
25 to 29 years	2,605	1,315	1,290	1,735	885	845
30 to 34 years	2,840	1,385	1,460	1,790	925	860
35 to 39 years	3,155	1,560	1,600	1,845	935	910
40 to 44 years	3,450	1,710	1,745	1,710	830	875
45 to 49 years	3,960	1,920	2,035	1,865	925	940
50 to 54 years	5,440	2,675	2,770	2,895	1,415	1,475
55 to 59 years	6,070	3,030	3,040	3,845	1,860	1,990
60 to 64 years	5,475	2,700	2,770	3,645	1,790	1,850
65 years and over	14,135	6,465	7,670	11,040	4,630	6,415
65 to 69 years	4,970	2,465	2,505	3,160	1,480	1,680
70 to 74 years	3,400	1,660	1,745	2,530	1,175	1,360
75 to 79 years	2,360	1,065	1,300	1,790	735	1,050
80 to 84 years	1,785	735	1,050	1,615	630	980
85 years and over	1,620	540	1,075	1,950	605	1,345
85 to 89 years	1,030	355	670	1,210	420	785
90 to 94 years	485	160	325	610	160	450
95 to 99 years	90	20	65	105	25	80
100 years and over	15	0	10	25	5	20
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	12.6	13.2	12.1	11.1	11.9	10.3
15 to 64 years	64.0	64.9	63.1	60.0	62.7	57.6
65 years and over	23.4	21.9	24.9	28.9	25.4	32.1
85 years and over	2.7	1.8	3.5	5.1	3.3	6.7
Average age of the population	46.7	45.8	47.6	49.3	47.4	51.1
Median age of the population	50.9	50.2	51.6	54.1	52.2	55.7
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	27,040	...	...	19,400	...	...
Single-detached house	20,085	...	...	8,120	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	80	...	...	10	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	6,180	...	...	11,225	...	...
Semi-detached house	690	...	...	505	...	...
Row house	765	...	...	185	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,195	...	...	2,210	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	3,305	...	...	8,040	...	...
Other single-attached house	230	...	...	285	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	690	...	...	45	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	27,040	...	...	19,400	...	...
1 person	8,450	...	...	8,585	...	...
2 persons	10,995	...	...	7,080	...	...
3 persons	3,875	...	...	1,985	...	...
4 persons	2,805	...	...	1,255	...	...
5 or more persons	915	...	...	490	...	...
Number of persons in private households	58,175	...	...	36,405	...	...
Average household size	2.2	...	...	1.9	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	52,755	25,625	27,135	33,990	16,085	17,905
Married or living common law	31,385	15,715	15,670	16,835	8,420	8,415
Married	22,430	11,240	11,190	9,785	4,890	4,900
Living common law	8,955	4,480	4,480	7,045	3,525	3,520
Not married and not living common law	21,375	9,905	11,470	17,155	7,665	9,490
Never married	12,505	6,790	5,715	10,060	5,445	4,610
Separated	1,840	845	995	440	195	245
Divorced	2,770	1,325	1,450	3,405	1,335	2,075
Widowed	4,255	945	3,310	3,250	690	2,555
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	18,215	...	...	10,195	...	...
2 persons	11,265	...	...	6,760	...	...
3 persons	3,725	...	...	1,855	...	...
4 persons	2,585	...	...	1,170	...	...
5 or more persons	645	...	...	405	...	...
Average size of census families	2.6	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	18,215	...	...	10,195	...	...
Total couple families	15,365	...	...	8,185	...	...
Married couples	10,890	...	...	4,675	...	...
Common-law couples	4,475	...	...	3,505	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	2,850	...	...	2,015	...	...
Female parent	2,195	...	...	1,520	...	...
Male parent	650	...	...	495	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	15,370	...	...	8,180	...	...
Couples without children	9,365	...	...	5,450	...	...
Couples with children	5,995	...	...	2,740	...	...
1 child	2,990	...	...	1,295	...	...
2 children	2,415	...	...	1,070	...	...
3 or more children	600	...	...	370	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	2,850	...	...	2,015	...	...
1 child	1,895	...	...	1,315	...	...
2 children	740	...	...	565	...	...
3 or more children	215	...	...	135	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	10,740	5,110	5,630	10,475	4,855	5,615
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	27,040	...	...	19,400	...	...
One-census-family households	17,630	...	...	10,075	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	9,115	...	...	5,405	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	8,515	...	...	4,665	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	290	...	...	60	...	...
Non-census-family households	9,115	...	...	9,265	...	...
One-person households	8,450	...	...	8,585	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	670	...	...	680	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	59,000	28,870	30,135	37,005	17,835	19,170
English only	6,470	3,235	3,230	55	35	20
French only	19,360	9,295	10,060	28,685	13,165	15,510
English and French	33,140	16,320	16,820	8,245	4,625	3,620
Neither English nor French	35	15	15	20	10	15
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	59,000	28,870	30,135	37,005	17,835	19,170
English	10,775	5,225	5,555	375	200	170
French	47,860	23,460	24,400	36,505	17,560	18,940
English and French	330	165	165	110	65	45
Neither English nor French	35	20	20	15	10	10
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	48,025	23,545	24,480	430	235	195
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	81.4	81.6	81.2	1.2	1.3	1.0
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	59,000	28,870	30,135	37,005	17,835	19,170
Single responses	58,055	28,430	29,630	36,770	17,705	19,065
Official languages	57,565	28,165	29,400	36,430	17,525	18,905
English	10,230	4,965	5,265	340	180	160
French	47,335	23,200	24,130	36,090	17,345	18,740
Non-official languages	495	265	230	335	180	160
Aboriginal languages	25	15	15	35	15	20
Algonquian languages	15	10	10	30	15	15
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	30	15	20
Atikamekw	0	0	0	30	10	20
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Malecite	0	5	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	15	5	5	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	5	5	5	0	0	5
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	470	255	215	305	165	140
Afro-Asiatic languages	115	70	40	65	35	30
Berber languages	10	5	5	0	5	0
Kabyle	5	5	0	5	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	5	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	105	65	40	60	35	25
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	105	65	40	60	35	25
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	10	15	5	5	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Vietnamese	20	10	15	5	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	25	10	15	5	5	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	5	5	5	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	10	10	5	5	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	5	5	5	5	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5	10	5	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	5	5	0	5	5	5
Kannada	0	5	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	5	0	5	5	5	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	210	115	95	145	70	75
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	25	20	10	5	0	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	25	15	10	5	5	5
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	5	0	0	0	0
Croatian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	5	0	0	5	0
Russian	5	5	5	0	0	5
Serbian	0	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	5
Slovak	0	0	0	5	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	40	25	20	20	10	10
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	5	5	5	0	0	0
Dutch	15	10	10	5	0	5
Frisian	5	0	0	0	0	0
German	20	10	10	10	5	5
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	5	0	20	15	5
Indo-Iranian languages	45	20	20	5	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	35	20	15	0	0	0
Bengali	5	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	5	5	0	0	0	0
Hindi	15	5	10	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	15	5	5	5	5	0
Iranian languages	5	0	5	5	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	5	5	5	0	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	95	50	50	100	40	55
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	5	5	0	10	0	10
Portuguese	5	0	5	5	0	5
Romanian	55	30	30	5	5	0
Spanish	30	15	10	80	35	40
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	5	0	5
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	5	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	35	20	20	10	10	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	5	5	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	5	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	10	5	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	5	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	5	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	10	5	5	5	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	0	5	0	0	5
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	5	0	5	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	15	10	45	20	25
Chinese languages	30	15	15	45	20	25
Cantonese	20	10	5	5	0	5
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	5	0	5	30	15	15
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	5	5	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10	5	0	0
Lao	0	5	5	5	5	0
Thai	5	5	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	5	0	0	5	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	5	0	5	5	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	5	0	0	0	5
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	5	5	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	5	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	945	435	505	235	130	105
English and French	880	410	470	185	95	85
English and non-official language	30	10	20	10	5	5
French and non-official language	30	15	15	35	25	15
English, French and non-official language	5	5	0	10	5	0
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	59,000	28,870	30,135	37,005	17,835	19,170
Single responses	57,910	28,370	29,545	36,750	17,705	19,045
Official languages	57,690	28,245	29,445	36,620	17,630	18,985
English	11,300	5,530	5,775	235	125	115
French	46,390	22,720	23,675	36,385	17,510	18,875
Non-official languages	220	120	100	130	70	55
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Atikamekw	0	0	0	5	5	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	220	120	95	120	65	55
Afro-Asiatic languages	60	40	20	15	5	10
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	55	40	20	15	5	5
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	60	35	20	15	5	10
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	10	15	5	0	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Vietnamese	20	10	15	5	0	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	5	0	5	5	5	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	5	0	5	5	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	5	5	5	5	5	5
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	5	5	5	5	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	90	50	40	35	20	20
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	10	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	15	10	5	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	5	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	5	0	5	5	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	5	5	5
Indo-Iranian languages	25	10	15	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	20	10	15	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	10	5	5	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	5	5	5	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	55	30	25	35	15	20
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	5	0	0	5	0	0
Portuguese	5	5	5	0	0	0
Romanian	35	20	15	0	0	0
Spanish	15	10	0	25	15	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	0	5	5	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	5	5	0	5	5	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	10	10	50	25	20
Chinese languages	25	15	10	50	25	20
Cantonese	15	10	10	5	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	5	5	5	35	20	15
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0	5	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,090	505	590	255	130	125
English and French	965	445	525	165	90	70
English and non-official language	60	30	35	10	10	0
French and non-official language	40	20	20	70	25	40
English, French and non-official language	25	10	10	15	5	10
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	59,005	28,870	30,135	37,005	17,835	19,170
None	49,115	24,080	25,035	35,620	17,085	18,540
English	7,255	3,520	3,730	1,025	570	455
French	2,375	1,135	1,245	165	75	90
Non-official language	210	115	100	155	90	70
Aboriginal	40	20	20	20	10	10
Non-Aboriginal	170	90	80	130	75	60
English and French	5	5	5	5	5	5
English and non-official language	25	10	10	30	15	20
French and non-official language	15	5	10	10	5	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	50,560	24,705	25,855	32,180	15,480	16,700
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	49,000	24,035	24,965	31,340	15,125	16,215
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,777	35,076	23,593	26,130	31,926	22,063
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	49,010	24,035	24,980	31,355	15,130	16,230
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	26,400	31,230	22,322	24,309	28,789	21,039
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	40,940	20,950	19,990	25,280	12,750	12,535
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	25,727	31,166	21,314	24,078	29,276	19,321
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	38,335	17,570	20,760	26,815	12,610	14,205
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,997	10,091	8,079	9,696	9,014	10,222
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	32,810	17,185	15,620	18,135	9,655	8,475
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	27,323	32,192	23,347	24,768	26,759	22,934
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	50,490	24,670	25,820	32,345	15,455	16,890
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	48,930	24,040	24,885	31,530	15,085	16,440
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,334	41,290	29,578	32,247	36,749	28,116
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	48,945	24,050	24,895	31,530	15,085	16,445
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,426	34,940	26,066	27,995	31,462	24,814
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	40,985	20,985	20,000	25,395	12,630	12,765
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,285	38,718	27,584	29,499	34,516	24,534
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	38,180	17,495	20,680	27,060	12,555	14,505
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	9,548	10,307	8,907	9,885	9,430	10,279
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	32,790	17,355	15,435	18,165	9,545	8,620
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,909	37,949	29,368	29,955	32,147	27,528
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	50,490	24,670	25,820	32,340	15,455	16,890
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	14,425	7,615	6,810	7,225	3,880	3,340
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	42,222	47,274	36,974	39,270	41,983	37,042
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	48,600	54,209	42,326	44,611	48,490	40,097
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	78.5	81.5	74.5	74.1	78.9	67.9
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	64.4	66.4	61.7	53.6	55.2	51.6
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	21.5	18.5	25.5	25.9	21.1	32.1
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	50,560	24,700	25,855	32,180	15,480	16,700
Without total income	1,560	670	890	840	350	485
With total income	49,000	24,035	24,965	31,340	15,125	16,215
Percentage with total income	96.9	97.3	96.6	97.4	97.7	97.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,725	2,575	4,145	3,875	1,610	2,270
$10,000 to $19,999	9,890	3,645	6,245	7,990	3,065	4,925
$20,000 to $29,999	8,895	3,780	5,110	5,610	2,440	3,170
$30,000 to $39,999	7,705	4,105	3,600	4,600	2,380	2,220
$40,000 to $49,999	5,720	3,435	2,285	3,670	2,070	1,605
$50,000 to $59,999	3,325	2,160	1,170	2,150	1,285	865
$60,000 to $69,999	2,080	1,380	705	1,215	755	455
$70,000 to $79,999	1,775	955	815	865	510	360
$80,000 to $89,999	1,050	595	455	460	310	150
$90,000 to $99,999	505	360	145	260	205	55
$100,000 and over	1,335	1,050	285	645	505	140
$100,000 to $149,999	1,005	795	210	485	375	105
$150,000 and over	330	260	70	165	130	35
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	50,560	24,700	25,860	32,185	15,480	16,705
Without after-tax income	1,545	665	880	825	355	475
With after-tax income	49,015	24,035	24,980	31,355	15,125	16,230
Percentage with after-tax income	96.9	97.3	96.6	97.4	97.7	97.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,915	2,605	4,315	4,125	1,625	2,500
$10,000 to $19,999	10,460	3,885	6,580	8,265	3,225	5,045
$20,000 to $29,999	10,780	4,885	5,895	6,770	3,105	3,665
$30,000 to $39,999	8,960	5,140	3,815	5,580	3,005	2,575
$40,000 to $49,999	5,140	3,210	1,930	3,305	1,995	1,310
$50,000 to $59,999	2,875	1,820	1,055	1,590	950	635
$60,000 to $69,999	1,915	1,020	895	805	515	295
$70,000 to $79,999	755	535	220	365	290	75
$80,000 and over	1,215	945	270	550	420	135
$80,000 to $89,999	435	330	100	215	165	50
$90,000 to $99,999	270	205	65	110	85	25
$100,000 and over	515	410	105	225	170	55
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	50,560	24,705	25,860	32,180	15,480	16,700
Without employment income	17,750	7,520	10,235	14,045	5,820	8,225
With employment income	32,810	17,185	15,620	18,135	9,655	8,475
Percentage with employment income	64.9	69.6	60.4	56.4	62.4	50.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	4,425	2,225	2,200	3,015	1,780	1,230
$5,000 to $9,999	3,000	1,185	1,820	1,550	700	850
$10,000 to $19,999	5,345	2,520	2,830	3,090	1,400	1,690
$20,000 to $29,999	4,935	2,200	2,735	2,880	1,425	1,450
$30,000 to $39,999	4,310	2,305	2,010	2,565	1,380	1,190
$40,000 to $49,999	3,535	2,080	1,455	1,690	865	825
$50,000 to $59,999	2,060	1,355	700	1,130	645	490
$60,000 to $69,999	1,525	1,000	520	715	415	300
$70,000 to $79,999	1,530	785	745	615	355	260
$80,000 and over	2,145	1,530	620	885	695	195
$80,000 to $89,999	790	480	315	295	215	80
$90,000 to $99,999	425	305	120	185	155	30
$100,000 and over	930	745	185	410	325	85
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	27,035	...	...	19,400	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	51,281	...	...	41,314	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	46,529	...	...	37,603	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	8,450	...	...	8,585	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	24,807	...	...	22,360	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	23,630	...	...	21,652	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	18,590	...	...	10,815	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	67,322	...	...	61,171	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	60,054	...	...	54,782	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	27,030	...	...	19,495	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	63,964	...	...	52,151	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	55,099	...	...	45,275	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	8,460	...	...	8,600	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,688	...	...	29,088	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	27,757	...	...	25,697	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	18,565	...	...	10,900	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	78,676	...	...	70,347	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	67,562	...	...	60,721	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	27,040	...	...	19,400	...	...
Under $5,000	240	...	...	175	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	935	...	...	555	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	725	...	...	1,365	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,830	...	...	1,935	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,690	...	...	1,550	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,605	...	...	1,175	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,795	...	...	1,435	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,725	...	...	1,175	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,320	...	...	1,185	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,285	...	...	1,015	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,405	...	...	1,735	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,080	...	...	1,335	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,845	...	...	1,055	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,580	...	...	890	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,150	...	...	655	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,805	...	...	2,165	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,150	...	...	1,010	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,265	...	...	545	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	975	...	...	420	...	...
$200,000 and over	415	...	...	200	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	27,035	...	...	19,400	...	...
Under $5,000	255	...	...	185	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	940	...	...	565	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	740	...	...	1,380	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,915	...	...	2,015	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,915	...	...	1,750	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,850	...	...	1,390	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,040	...	...	1,620	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,815	...	...	1,465	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,595	...	...	1,220	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,500	...	...	1,180	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,745	...	...	1,830	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,405	...	...	1,355	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,865	...	...	1,050	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,425	...	...	705	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,080	...	...	470	...	...
$100,000 and over	2,950	...	...	1,235	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,725	...	...	700	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	705	...	...	300	...	...
$150,000 and over	520	...	...	230	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	18,145	...	...	10,315	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	67,337	...	...	61,851	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	60,023	...	...	55,216	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	8,925	...	...	5,330	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	60,092	...	...	58,229	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	53,926	...	...	51,834	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	6,110	...	...	2,760	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	93,915	...	...	91,469	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	81,726	...	...	79,435	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.7	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,660	...	...	1,965	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	41,070	...	...	41,785	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	39,424	...	...	39,566	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	18,145	...	...	10,435	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	78,547	...	...	70,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	67,391	...	...	61,005	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	8,910	...	...	5,395	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	69,687	...	...	65,695	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	59,860	...	...	56,503	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	6,100	...	...	2,780	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	105,019	...	...	99,651	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	88,757	...	...	84,355	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,650	...	...	2,000	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	50,148	...	...	46,227	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	45,318	...	...	41,836	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	9,725	4,680	5,040	9,835	4,560	5,275
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	24,602	29,632	22,128	21,646	22,885	21,093
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	23,424	26,540	21,560	21,143	21,865	20,746
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	9,690	4,565	5,125	9,795	4,475	5,320
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	31,304	34,967	28,042	28,388	29,798	27,203
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	27,470	29,911	25,298	25,135	25,855	24,530
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	58,170	28,590	29,580	36,410	17,650	18,755
In the bottom half of the distribution	37,135	17,685	19,450	26,325	12,435	13,890
In the bottom decile	6,635	2,990	3,645	5,370	2,540	2,830
In the second decile	8,630	3,775	4,855	6,205	2,655	3,550
In the third decile	7,660	3,740	3,915	5,480	2,655	2,820
In the fourth decile	7,330	3,655	3,680	5,180	2,530	2,645
In the fifth decile	6,875	3,525	3,350	4,090	2,050	2,040
In the top half of the distribution	21,040	10,905	10,130	10,085	5,215	4,865
In the sixth decile	6,190	3,165	3,020	3,420	1,755	1,665
In the seventh decile	5,510	2,885	2,630	2,645	1,350	1,290
In the eighth decile	4,495	2,315	2,175	1,995	1,025	965
In the ninth decile	3,065	1,585	1,480	1,250	675	575
In the top decile	1,780	955	825	775	415	365
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	57,545	28,305	29,235	36,410	17,655	18,760
0 to 17 years	9,175	4,665	4,505	5,160	2,645	2,510
0 to 5 years	2,685	1,425	1,260	1,755	895	860
18 to 64 years	35,900	17,725	18,170	21,765	10,835	10,925
65 years and over	12,470	5,905	6,560	9,480	4,165	5,320
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	11,180	4,925	6,250	8,860	3,975	4,890
0 to 17 years	2,140	1,090	1,055	1,255	640	620
0 to 5 years	760	400	360	430	205	220
18 to 64 years	5,870	2,615	3,255	4,995	2,445	2,545
65 years and over	3,165	1,225	1,945	2,610	890	1,725
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	19.4	17.4	21.4	24.3	22.5	26.1
0 to 17 years (%)	23.3	23.4	23.4	24.3	24.2	24.7
0 to 5 years (%)	28.3	28.1	28.6	24.5	22.9	25.6
18 to 64 years (%)	16.4	14.8	17.9	22.9	22.6	23.3
65 years and over (%)	25.4	20.7	29.6	27.5	21.4	32.4
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,590	1,735	1,855	4,280	2,135	2,140
0 to 17 years	640	315	325	605	305	300
0 to 5 years	250	130	120	230	110	120
18 to 64 years	2,745	1,350	1,400	3,375	1,740	1,635
65 years and over	205	70	130	300	95	205
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.2	6.1	6.3	11.8	12.1	11.4
0 to 17 years (%)	7.0	6.8	7.2	11.7	11.5	12.0
0 to 5 years (%)	9.3	9.1	9.5	13.1	12.3	14.0
18 to 64 years (%)	7.6	7.6	7.7	15.5	16.1	15.0
65 years and over (%)	1.6	1.2	2.0	3.2	2.3	3.9
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	58,075	28,575	29,505	36,625	17,695	18,925
Official languages	58,020	28,540	29,480	36,605	17,695	18,915
English	39,215	19,335	19,880	8,250	4,595	3,655
French	51,580	25,465	26,115	36,550	17,670	18,875
Non-official languages	1,220	610	610	900	470	430
Aboriginal languages	100	40	60	50	25	20
Algonquian languages	80	35	50	40	20	15
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	40	25	15
Atikamekw	0	0	0	40	20	10
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	85	30	50	0	0	0
Malecite	10	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	75	30	45	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	15	0	10	10	0	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	15	10	10	10	0	10
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,135	580	555	850	450	405
Afro-Asiatic languages	215	130	85	80	55	25
Berber languages	20	10	10	0	10	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	195	115	75	75	50	25
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	195	120	80	75	50	25
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	45	25	25	10	0	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	40	25	25	0	0	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	45	10	30	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	25	10	10	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	0	20	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	35	15	15	10	10	10
Haitian Creole	15	0	10	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	15	10	10	0	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	10	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	585	295	290	625	320	310
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	30	25	10	10	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	30	25	10	10	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	20	15	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	20	10	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	105	55	50	45	15	35
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	10	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	10	10	10	10	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	85	45	35	35	10	25
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	20	15	10
Indo-Iranian languages	45	25	15	10	10	0
Indo-Aryan languages	45	25	15	10	10	0
Bengali	10	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	10	10	10	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	30	20	10	10	0	0
Iranian languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	10	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	435	205	225	555	285	275
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	35	20	15	40	20	20
Portuguese	0	0	0	25	20	10
Romanian	60	25	40	10	10	0
Spanish	350	165	185	525	270	260
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	10	0	0	15	0	10
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	95	45	50	20	20	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	10	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	30	10	20	10	10	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	20	10	15	0	0	0
Wolof	0	10	0	10	10	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	50	25	30	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	50	15	40	20	0	20
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	10	0	10	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	45	10	35	15	0	20
Sino-Tibetan languages	65	35	30	85	45	30
Chinese languages	65	35	30	85	50	30
Cantonese	45	25	20	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	25	10	15	65	40	25
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	58,080	28,570	29,505	36,625	17,695	18,925
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	57,080	28,115	28,960	36,330	17,510	18,820
Canadian citizens aged under 18	9,175	4,710	4,465	5,200	2,685	2,515
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	47,905	23,410	24,490	31,125	14,830	16,300
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	1,000	455	545	295	180	110
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	58,080	28,575	29,505	36,625	17,695	18,930
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	56,225	27,735	28,495	35,965	17,330	18,635
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	1,640	725	915	555	305	245
Before 1981	785	320	470	175	90	85
1981 to 1990	120	35	85	40	40	0
1991 to 2000	145	75	75	70	25	45
2001 to 2010	295	155	140	160	80	80
2001 to 2005	140	70	75	70	30	35
2006 to 2010	155	90	65	95	50	45
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	290	140	150	110	75	30
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	215	115	95	105	60	40
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	1,645	720	915	550	305	250
Under 5 years	335	180	150	95	30	65
5 to 14 years	315	145	170	65	30	30
15 to 24 years	340	85	250	65	30	30
25 to 44 years	520	230	290	315	205	105
45 years and over	130	80	55	20	10	15
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	1,640	725	920	555	300	245
Americas	990	375	610	155	70	80
Brazil	0	0	0	10	0	10
Colombia	10	0	0	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	35	10	25	25	10	15
Jamaica	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mexico	10	0	0	30	10	25
Peru	0	0	0	10	0	10
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	900	335	565	35	25	15
Other places of birth in Americas	30	25	0	35	20	15
Europe	265	140	125	165	85	80
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	0	0	0
France	35	25	15	80	45	35
Germany	30	15	20	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	15	10	10
Hungary	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	20	10	10
Netherlands	0	0	10	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	10	0
Portugal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	60	25	35	10	10	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	80	45	30	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	40	15	20	35	15	20
Africa	200	110	90	110	90	15
Algeria	10	0	10	30	25	10
Egypt	20	0	15	0	10	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	35	25	10	35	20	10
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	125	75	50	45	40	0
Asia	185	95	90	130	55	70
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	10	10	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	45	25	20	80	25	50
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	10	0	10	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	10	0	0	10	0
Pakistan	15	0	0	10	0	0
Philippines	20	0	20	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	45	25	25	10	10	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	10	0
Viet Nam	30	15	15	20	10	15
Other places of birth in Asia	10	10	0	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	290	140	150	110	75	35
Americas	85	30	55	10	10	10
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuba	10	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	75	30	45	0	0	0
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	10	0	0
Europe	65	35	35	30	25	10
France	10	0	10	30	25	10
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	10	0	0	0
Romania	45	20	25	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	0	10	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	10	10	0	0	0	0
Africa	65	40	20	45	35	0
Algeria	0	0	0	10	10	0
Cameroon	0	10	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	10	10	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	20	0	10	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	10	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	10	15	0
Other places of birth in Africa	30	20	0	10	15	0
Asia	70	40	35	25	10	15
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	15	10	10	20	10	15
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Philippines	10	0	10	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	25	15	15	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	10	10	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	15	10	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	58,080	28,575	29,505	36,625	17,695	18,925
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	2,015	905	1,105	680	375	310
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	2,435	1,235	1,200	780	375	405
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	53,630	26,430	27,205	35,160	16,940	18,215
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	880	415	465	395	220	175
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	375	170	200	185	115	70
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	165	120	50	100	75	30
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	205	55	150	80	35	35
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	440	200	235	165	70	90
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	70	35	30	45	25	15
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	0	10	0	10	0	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	58,080	28,575	29,505	36,625	17,695	18,925
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	3,030	1,540	1,490	655	295	360
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	2,900	1,475	1,425	620	275	340
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	1,485	700	785	305	135	170
Métis	1,395	760	640	305	140	165
Inuk (Inuit)	20	15	10	10	0	10
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	45	25	20	10	0	10
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	90	40	45	25	15	15
Non-Aboriginal identity	55,045	27,030	28,015	35,970	17,400	18,570
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	58,080	28,570	29,505	36,625	17,695	18,930
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	1,310	625	680	195	95	100
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	56,770	27,945	28,825	36,430	17,600	18,830
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	58,075	28,575	29,505	36,620	17,695	18,930
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	1,355	695	660	435	185	250
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	1,310	665	640	410	170	245
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	925	450	475	385	165	220
Métis single ancestry	370	215	155	15	10	15
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	10	10	0	10
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	45	30	20	20	15	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	45	25	20	20	15	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	10	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	2,675	1,310	1,365	950	435	515
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	2,560	1,255	1,310	915	420	500
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,675	780	895	735	320	420
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	885	465	420	170	95	80
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	110	60	55	35	20	15
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	100	50	50	35	20	15
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	10	10	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	54,050	26,570	27,480	35,240	17,075	18,165
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	58,080	28,570	29,505	36,625	17,695	18,925
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	865	445	420	490	260	225
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	80	50	25	10	15	0
Chinese	70	35	40	105	50	50
Black	390	185	205	160	100	60
Filipino	25	0	20	0	0	0
Latin American	20	10	10	90	40	50
Arab	165	105	60	60	40	15
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	65	30	30	35	0	35
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	15	15	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	10	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	20	0	20	15	10	10
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	57,215	28,130	29,085	36,130	17,435	18,705
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	58,080	28,570	29,505	36,625	17,695	18,925
North American Aboriginal origins	4,030	2,010	2,025	1,385	620	765
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,750	1,310	1,435	1,180	515	665
Inuit	40	25	15	15	10	10
Métis	1,405	760	645	250	135	115
Other North American origins	45,570	22,370	23,200	29,970	14,400	15,570
Acadian	1,925	930	995	75	45	30
American	790	360	430	175	75	100
Canadian	44,180	21,730	22,450	28,945	13,870	15,070
New Brunswicker	30	20	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	10	15	0	10
Québécois	150	70	75	1,085	550	535
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	10	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	21,425	10,440	10,985	10,745	5,345	5,400
British Isles origins	8,760	4,230	4,530	2,030	955	1,080
Channel Islander	35	15	25	0	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0	0	0
English	3,970	1,865	2,100	405	225	180
Irish	4,015	1,895	2,120	1,365	615	750
Manx	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish	2,935	1,445	1,495	470	190	275
Welsh	45	40	10	20	10	10
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	155	65	95	0	10	0
French origins	15,865	7,705	8,155	8,810	4,430	4,380
Alsatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	10	10	0	65	30	35
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	15,860	7,705	8,155	8,750	4,395	4,350
Western European origins (except French origins)	670	325	340	425	205	220
Austrian	25	10	15	10	10	10
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	25	0	15	95	35	65
Dutch	125	60	60	45	15	30
Flemish	10	10	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	495	235	260	235	125	105
Luxembourger	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss	30	15	15	45	30	20
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	215	105	110	55	35	20
Danish	45	30	20	0	0	0
Finnish	20	15	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	90	45	45	35	20	10
Swedish	55	25	30	10	0	10
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	10	0	10	10	0	0
Eastern European origins	235	130	105	90	50	40
Bulgarian	10	0	10	10	10	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	30	20	10	10	0	0
Latvian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	70	35	30	25	0	20
Romanian	70	25	45	0	0	0
Russian	30	15	15	20	20	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	60	50	10	25	10	15
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins	530	270	255	550	270	285
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cypriot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	65	35	30
Italian	435	240	200	370	165	205
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	25	10	20	60	30	30
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	50	25	25	50	35	15
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	50	25	25	20	10	15
Basque	10	0	0	0	0	0
Jewish	20	15	10	15	0	10
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	30	10	20	0	10	0
Caribbean origins	130	55	75	95	45	50
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Barbadian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Bermudan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	15	15	0	10	0	10
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	40	15	20	50	20	30
Jamaican	30	10	30	10	0	0
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	10	0	10
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	15	10	10	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	20	10	15	100	60	45
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	10	10	10
Chilean	0	0	0	0	10	0
Colombian	15	0	10	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	10	10	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hispanic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	10	0	10
Maya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0	50	25	25
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Panamanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	10	0	0	0	0	0
African origins	400	215	185	195	135	55
Central and West African origins	115	60	55	60	55	10
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	35	20	15	10	10	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	20	10	15	10	10	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	25	25	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	10	10	0	15	15	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	10	10	0	0	10	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	10	10	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	45	15	30	0	0	0
North African origins	125	75	50	75	50	25
Algerian	15	10	10	30	20	10
Berber	25	15	10	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	25	10	15	10	15	0
Libyan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	55	45	15	20	0	15
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	15	10	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	70	35	40	20	0	10
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	30	15	20	10	10	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	25	10	10	10	0	10
Mauritian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
South African	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other African origins	135	65	65	40	25	15
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	30	10	20	15	0	10
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	105	60	50	25	20	0
Asian origins	510	250	260	310	145	165
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	230	120	110	125	75	50
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	50	35	20	30	15	15
Armenian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	20	10	10
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	115	50	65	70	45	25
Palestinian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	55	30	25	25	15	10
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins	100	55	45	20	10	10
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	10	0	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	70	40	25	10	0	10
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	15	10	0	0	10	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	0	0	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	190	80	110	165	65	100
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	25	15	10	10	0	10
Chinese	100	45	55	115	55	60
Filipino	20	0	25	0	0	0
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	15	10	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	10	10	0	10
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	40	25	20	50	10	40
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oceania origins	15	15	10	0	0	0
Australian	10	10	0	0	0	0
New Zealander	10	10	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	10	10	10	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	27,025	...	...	19,495	...	...
Owner	20,640	...	...	9,820	...	...
Renter	6,330	...	...	9,670	...	...
Band housing	55	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	27,030	...	...	19,490	...	...
Condominium	1,145	...	...	955	...	...
Not condominium	25,880	...	...	18,545	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	27,030	...	...	19,495	...	...
No bedrooms	30	...	...	40	...	...
1 bedroom	2,825	...	...	2,780	...	...
2 bedrooms	8,075	...	...	6,860	...	...
3 bedrooms	10,400	...	...	6,840	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	5,700	...	...	2,975	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	27,030	...	...	19,495	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	5,860	...	...	6,825	...	...
5 rooms	5,805	...	...	4,835	...	...
6 rooms	4,920	...	...	2,280	...	...
7 rooms	3,805	...	...	1,815	...	...
8 or more rooms	6,635	...	...	3,735	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...	5.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	27,025	...	...	19,495	...	...
One person or fewer per room	26,940	...	...	19,470	...	...
More than 1 person per room	85	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	27,025	...	...	19,495	...	...
Suitable	26,560	...	...	19,305	...	...
Not suitable	470	...	...	195	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	27,025	...	...	19,495	...	...
1960 or before	8,235	...	...	9,410	...	...
1961 to 1980	8,990	...	...	5,615	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,150	...	...	2,180	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,175	...	...	1,040	...	...
2001 to 2005	925	...	...	295	...	...
2006 to 2010	895	...	...	425	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	655	...	...	535	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	27,025	...	...	19,490	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	24,770	...	...	18,360	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,255	...	...	1,135	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	27,025	...	...	19,490	...	...
1 household maintainer	18,020	...	...	14,315	...	...
2 household maintainers	8,825	...	...	5,085	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	185	...	...	95	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	27,030	...	...	19,490	...	...
15 to 24 years	635	...	...	705	...	...
25 to 34 years	2,535	...	...	2,065	...	...
35 to 44 years	3,575	...	...	2,155	...	...
45 to 54 years	5,255	...	...	3,055	...	...
55 to 64 years	6,565	...	...	4,720	...	...
65 to 74 years	5,210	...	...	3,775	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,525	...	...	2,140	...	...
85 years and over	720	...	...	870	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	26,635	...	...	19,485	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	22,405	...	...	14,950	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	4,230	...	...	4,535	...	...
30% to less than 100%	3,860	...	...	4,210	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	20,405	...	...	9,820	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	50.3	...	...	53.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	10.4	...	...	11.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	606	...	...	701	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	742	...	...	797	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	100,213	...	...	134,711	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	124,255	...	...	148,690	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	6,280	...	...	9,670	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	19.9	...	...	7.8	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	33.8	...	...	35.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	549	...	...	504	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	571	...	...	570	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	50,495	24,670	25,820	32,345	15,455	16,885
No certificate, diploma or degree	14,560	7,670	6,890	8,130	3,590	4,540
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	13,050	6,125	6,925	7,585	3,425	4,155
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	22,885	10,880	12,005	16,625	8,435	8,190
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,125	3,990	2,140	6,715	4,220	2,495
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	3,605	2,040	1,565	5,085	2,925	2,160
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	2,520	1,955	570	1,630	1,300	330
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	9,745	4,195	5,550	5,630	2,300	3,330
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,040	355	680	970	385	590
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	5,980	2,340	3,635	3,315	1,535	1,780
Bachelor's degree	4,285	1,570	2,715	2,465	1,090	1,375
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	460	155	305	270	160	110
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	315	170	140	110	55	55
Master's degree	800	380	420	425	195	225
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	125	70	50	50	30	20
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	32,345	15,865	16,470	19,120	9,500	9,620
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,335	3,815	2,525	3,440	1,785	1,660
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	8,940	4,255	4,685	4,095	1,950	2,150
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	17,065	7,800	9,265	11,580	5,770	5,810
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,230	2,685	1,545	4,825	2,950	1,870
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	2,590	1,435	1,155	3,755	2,105	1,655
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	1,645	1,250	390	1,065	845	220
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	7,650	3,250	4,400	3,835	1,560	2,275
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	675	200	470	525	225	300
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	4,510	1,665	2,845	2,400	1,035	1,370
Bachelor's degree	3,220	1,135	2,085	1,780	765	1,015
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	360	120	235	165	75	80
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	265	135	130	90	35	55
Master's degree	565	220	345	325	130	195
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	100	55	50	45	25	20
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	50,490	24,670	25,820	32,340	15,455	16,890
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	27,605	13,790	13,815	15,715	7,020	8,700
Education	1,865	475	1,390	1,440	370	1,070
13. Education	1,865	480	1,390	1,440	370	1,070
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	270	115	150	270	120	145
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	30	15	10	55	40	20
50. Visual and performing arts	240	100	135	215	85	130
Humanities	480	205	280	560	230	330
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	65	20	45	30	15	15
23. English language and literature/letters	30	10	25	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	180	60	115	270	100	170
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	20	10	10	55	35	20
39. Theology and religious vocations	55	35	15	45	20	25
54. History	75	50	30	35	15	20
55. French language and literature/letters	55	20	40	120	45	80
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,375	335	1,040	1,160	290	870
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	15	10	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	45	20	25	95	45	50
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	645	45	600	385	10	375
22. Legal professions and studies	190	55	130	160	50	110
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	15	0	15	60	20	40
42. Psychology	230	80	155	285	65	215
45. Social sciences	245	120	120	150	90	65
Business, management and public administration	4,070	1,090	2,980	3,745	1,165	2,580
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	15	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	300	60	245	165	45	120
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,755	1,030	2,725	3,580	1,115	2,460
Physical and life sciences and technologies	275	140	135	395	225	170
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	110	35	70	150	55	100
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	70	40	25	25	25	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	75	40	35
40. Physical sciences	50	45	10	95	75	20
41. Science technologies/technicians	45	20	25	45	30	15
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	500	295	205	350	235	115
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	385	260	125	300	230	75
25. Library science	85	0	80	40	0	40
27. Mathematics and statistics	25	25	0	10	10	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	5,785	5,655	140	4,320	4,095	225
04. Architecture and related services	20	20	10	45	30	15
14. Engineering	325	305	20	230	215	10
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	805	770	35	825	720	105
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,675	1,635	40	1,040	1,025	20
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,015	2,005	10	1,215	1,185	30
48. Precision production	950	920	30	960	915	45
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	735	605	125	460	365	95
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	230	155	70	160	85	80
03. Natural resources and conservation	505	450	55	295	275	20
Health and related fields	5,235	885	4,350	2,335	455	1,885
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	190	125	65	90	40	45
51. Health professions and related programs	4,955	700	4,255	2,235	405	1,830
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	90	60	30	15	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,295	1,085	1,210	1,585	890	695
12. Personal and culinary services	1,410	290	1,120	845	225	620
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	395	315	80	235	175	55
49. Transportation and materials moving	485	480	10	510	485	20
Other	10	0	0	10	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	32,340	15,870	16,475	19,120	9,500	9,620
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	15,275	8,070	7,210	7,540	3,730	3,810
Education	1,150	255	900	700	160	540
13. Education	1,150	255	895	700	160	535
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	215	95	125	225	105	120
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	20	10	10	45	30	20
50. Visual and performing arts	190	85	110	175	70	105
Humanities	315	125	185	325	150	175
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	40	20	15	25	15	10
23. English language and literature/letters	25	10	15	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	110	30	80	180	80	100
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	20	10	10	30	10	15
39. Theology and religious vocations	25	15	10	20	10	10
54. History	60	35	25	25	10	15
55. French language and literature/letters	40	10	30	45	20	25
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,055	260	795	880	205	680
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	10	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	45	20	25	80	45	35
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	505	40	455	280	10	275
22. Legal professions and studies	175	60	120	110	20	90
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	10	0	10	40	10	30
42. Psychology	180	60	120	250	55	195
45. Social sciences	150	80	70	110	55	55
Business, management and public administration	3,170	775	2,395	2,690	805	1,890
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	230	35	195	125	35	90
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,930	735	2,195	2,565	770	1,795
Physical and life sciences and technologies	190	80	105	210	105	105
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	85	30	55	115	40	75
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	35	15	20	10	10	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	10	10	0
40. Physical sciences	40	30	10	65	45	25
41. Science technologies/technicians	25	0	20	15	10	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	420	245	175	290	195	95
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	350	235	115	265	190	70
25. Library science	65	0	65	25	0	25
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	10	0	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	4,170	4,045	125	2,960	2,755	205
04. Architecture and related services	25	15	10	40	25	15
14. Engineering	260	235	25	155	140	15
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	640	610	30	610	515	95
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,165	1,125	35	660	645	20
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,465	1,455	0	865	845	25
48. Precision production	620	590	20	625	590	40
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	595	485	110	350	265	85
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	180	115	65	155	80	80
03. Natural resources and conservation	420	370	50	200	185	10
Health and related fields	4,015	655	3,360	1,715	340	1,370
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	120	70	50	75	35	45
51. Health professions and related programs	3,815	535	3,280	1,615	295	1,320
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	80	55	25	15	10	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,770	795	980	1,235	690	540
12. Personal and culinary services	1,100	205	900	650	155	495
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	265	200	65	175	135	35
49. Transportation and materials moving	395	390	0	410	395	15
Other	10	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	50,490	24,670	25,820	32,345	15,455	16,890
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	27,605	13,790	13,815	15,720	7,015	8,700
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	22,890	10,880	12,005	16,625	8,440	8,190
Location of study inside Canada	22,220	10,580	11,640	16,370	8,275	8,095
Same as province or territory of residence	18,220	8,655	9,565	16,175	8,140	8,035
Different than province or territory of residence	4,005	1,920	2,085	195	130	60
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	665	305	360	255	160	95
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	335	115	225	25	15	10
Philippines	15	0	15	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	35	30	10	10	10	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	15	0	10	30	25	10
France	55	30	25	80	65	20
Other	195	115	80	115	50	60
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	32,345	15,865	16,475	19,120	9,500	9,620
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,275	8,065	7,210	7,540	3,730	3,805
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	17,065	7,805	9,260	11,580	5,770	5,810
Location of study inside Canada	16,545	7,580	8,965	11,405	5,660	5,740
Same as province or territory of residence	13,580	6,210	7,375	11,315	5,615	5,700
Different than province or territory of residence	2,960	1,370	1,595	90	45	40
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	520	225	300	175	110	70
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	240	75	165	15	0	10
Philippines	15	0	10	0	0	0
India	0	10	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	15	10	0	10	10	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	15	10	15	30	20	10
France	55	25	25	50	45	10
Other	180	105	80	70	25	50
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	50,490	24,670	25,820	32,345	15,455	16,890
In the labour force	29,015	15,040	13,980	16,230	8,350	7,875
Employed	25,490	12,730	12,760	14,705	7,370	7,335
Unemployed	3,530	2,310	1,220	1,520	975	540
Not in the labour force	21,475	9,635	11,840	16,120	7,105	9,015
Participation rate	57.5	61.0	54.1	50.2	54.0	46.6
Employment rate	50.5	51.6	49.4	45.5	47.7	43.4
Unemployment rate	12.2	15.4	8.7	9.4	11.7	6.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	50,490	24,670	25,820	32,340	15,455	16,890
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	19,880	8,675	11,210	15,730	6,890	8,845
Worked	30,615	16,000	14,610	16,610	8,570	8,050
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	14,675	7,770	6,910	7,365	3,980	3,375
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	15,935	8,235	7,705	9,250	4,585	4,670
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.7	40.0	41.4	41.8	41.3	42.4
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	29,015	15,035	13,980	16,225	8,345	7,880
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	540	245	300	615	330	285
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	28,470	14,795	13,680	15,610	8,020	7,600
Employee	25,975	13,230	12,745	14,030	7,160	6,870
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	2,500	1,565	935	1,580	855	725
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	29,015	15,040	13,975	16,225	8,350	7,880
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	545	245	300	610	330	285
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	28,475	14,795	13,680	15,610	8,015	7,600
0 Management occupations	2,205	1,340	865	1,140	670	475
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	3,220	685	2,530	2,205	560	1,640
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	995	815	180	625	510	115
3 Health occupations	3,200	595	2,600	1,405	265	1,135
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	3,055	830	2,225	1,780	525	1,260
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	340	145	190	275	165	110
6 Sales and service occupations	6,830	2,675	4,155	4,165	1,785	2,380
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	5,000	4,760	245	2,490	2,375	115
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,215	1,020	195	225	190	40
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,415	1,930	490	1,300	970	330
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	29,015	15,040	13,975	16,225	8,345	7,875
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	540	245	295	615	330	285
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	28,475	14,795	13,680	15,615	8,020	7,600
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,620	1,320	305	170	130	40
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	105	100	0	25	15	10
22 Utilities	155	140	15	105	75	30
23 Construction	1,810	1,650	170	935	840	90
31-33 Manufacturing	4,040	3,265	775	2,200	1,690	510
41 Wholesale trade	455	345	110	270	205	70
44-45 Retail trade	3,605	1,690	1,910	2,190	1,020	1,165
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,205	975	225	560	470	90
51 Information and cultural industries	380	180	195	145	75	65
52 Finance and insurance	540	135	405	310	115	195
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	165	100	65	170	120	50
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	660	360	300	560	350	215
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	10	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	785	465	315	535	370	170
61 Educational services	1,820	480	1,340	970	310	655
62 Health care and social assistance	5,670	995	4,675	2,665	545	2,125
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	380	180	200	320	215	110
72 Accommodation and food services	1,895	640	1,255	1,335	540	790
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,320	640	680	840	380	465
91 Public administration	1,850	1,115	740	1,305	550	750
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	25,490	12,730	12,760	14,710	7,370	7,335
Worked at home	1,310	560	750	705	285	425
Worked outside Canada	125	75	50	25	25	0
No fixed workplace address	2,690	1,980	705	1,250	900	350
Worked at usual place	21,375	10,115	11,255	12,730	6,160	6,565
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	21,370	10,120	11,255	12,725	6,165	6,565
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	9,650	4,320	5,330	9,010	3,905	5,105
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	10,245	4,980	5,265	0	0	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	905	485	415	3,710	2,260	1,450
Commute to a different province or territory	575	325	250	10	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	24,060	12,100	11,960	13,980	7,065	6,915
Car, truck, van - as a driver	21,445	10,775	10,675	11,895	6,140	5,760
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	1,195	510	680	510	230	285
Public transit	120	95	25	175	80	100
Walked	915	455	460	1,100	450	655
Bicycle	45	15	30	100	75	25
Other method	345	250	95	195	105	95
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	24,060	12,100	11,965	13,980	7,060	6,915
Less than 15 minutes	12,845	6,080	6,765	6,845	3,025	3,820
15 to 29 minutes	7,665	3,645	4,020	4,005	2,060	1,945
30 to 44 minutes	2,050	1,245	810	2,225	1,320	905
45 to 59 minutes	610	460	155	490	345	150
60 minutes and over	890	680	210	415	315	95
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	24,060	12,100	11,960	13,980	7,065	6,915
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,990	1,460	525	660	455	200
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	4,275	2,675	1,600	2,635	1,715	920
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	8,735	4,040	4,695	4,770	2,315	2,450
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	4,035	1,435	2,605	2,540	995	1,545
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,540	440	1,100	1,150	420	730
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	3,480	2,050	1,435	2,230	1,160	1,065
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	31,490	16,400	15,090	17,175	8,850	8,325
Single responses	28,405	14,905	13,500	16,905	8,680	8,225
Official languages	28,365	14,880	13,485	16,890	8,675	8,215
English	6,080	3,400	2,680	225	155	75
French	22,285	11,480	10,805	16,660	8,525	8,140
Non-official languages	35	20	20	15	0	10
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	40	20	15	15	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	10	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	15	10	10	10	10
Chinese languages	30	10	15	15	0	0
Cantonese	15	10	10	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	15	10	0	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	0	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	3,085	1,500	1,585	270	170	105
English and French	3,060	1,485	1,575	260	155	105
English and non-official language	15	10	0	10	10	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	10	0	10
English, French and non-official language	10	10	10	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	31,490	16,405	15,090	17,180	8,845	8,325
None	18,320	9,705	8,615	15,265	7,690	7,575
English	10,215	5,125	5,085	1,715	1,030	690
French	2,910	1,545	1,370	170	115	50
Non-official language	50	30	15	10	0	0
Aboriginal	10	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	45	30	15	10	0	10
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	15	10	10
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	57,660	28,355	29,305	36,320	17,560	18,760
Non-movers	52,835	26,030	26,805	32,225	15,540	16,685
Movers	4,825	2,320	2,505	4,095	2,015	2,075
Non-migrants	2,715	1,265	1,450	2,880	1,425	1,455
Migrants	2,105	1,055	1,050	1,215	590	625
Internal migrants	1,980	990	995	1,165	565	600
Intraprovincial migrants	1,465	735	730	1,125	550	575
Interprovincial migrants	520	255	265	40	15	25
External migrants	125	70	55	50	25	25
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	55,890	27,410	28,480	35,200	16,945	18,255
Non-movers	42,660	21,155	21,505	23,125	11,050	12,085
Movers	13,235	6,255	6,975	12,070	5,900	6,170
Non-migrants	7,445	3,415	4,030	8,580	4,190	4,385
Migrants	5,790	2,840	2,945	3,490	1,715	1,780
Internal migrants	5,405	2,660	2,745	3,360	1,635	1,725
Intraprovincial migrants	3,850	1,900	1,955	3,290	1,610	1,680
Interprovincial migrants	1,550	760	790	75	25	50
External migrants	380	180	205	135	75	55

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Madawaska--Restigouche [Federal electoral district], New Brunswick and Shawinigan [Population centre], Quebec (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 6, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Madawaska--Restigouche [Federal electoral district], New Brunswick and Shawinigan [Population centre], Quebec

Census Profile, 2016 Census Madawaska--Restigouche [Federal electoral district], New Brunswick and Shawinigan [Population centre], Quebec

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How to cite

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Madawaska--Restigouche [Federal electoral district], New Brunswick and Shawinigan [Population centre], Quebec