Census Profile, 2016 Census
Saint-Léonard--Saint-Michel [Federal electoral district], Quebec and Mahone Bay, Town [Census subdivision], Nova Scotia

Feedback

Charts (using rates) Download Hierarchies

The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Saint-Léonard--Saint-Michel Quebec [Federal electoral district]			Mahone Bay, T Nova Scotia [Census subdivision]
	Data quality , Saint-Léonard--Saint-Michel [Federal electoral district], Quebec Map : Saint-Léonard--Saint-Michel [Federal electoral district], Quebec Change geography 1			Data quality : Mahone Bay, Town [Census subdivision], Nova Scotia Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	113,212	...	...	1,036	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	110,649	...	...	943	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	2.3	...	...	9.9	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	46,926	...	...	571	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	44,313	...	...	501	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	5,592.8	...	...	332.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	20.24	...	...	3.12	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	113,210	53,800	59,410	1,040	450	585
0 to 14 years	23,100	11,560	11,535	110	55	55
0 to 4 years	8,735	4,375	4,355	35	20	20
5 to 9 years	8,165	4,055	4,100	40	20	20
10 to 14 years	6,205	3,130	3,075	30	15	15
15 to 64 years	69,800	33,735	36,070	535	245	290
15 to 19 years	6,190	3,095	3,090	40	20	20
20 to 24 years	6,435	3,105	3,325	30	15	10
25 to 29 years	6,390	2,900	3,490	30	15	15
30 to 34 years	7,230	3,095	4,135	30	15	20
35 to 39 years	8,035	3,700	4,340	45	25	20
40 to 44 years	8,140	4,200	3,940	30	15	15
45 to 49 years	8,120	4,305	3,815	70	30	45
50 to 54 years	7,260	3,710	3,550	75	30	50
55 to 59 years	6,605	3,175	3,430	90	40	50
60 to 64 years	5,390	2,440	2,950	95	45	55
65 years and over	20,310	8,505	11,800	390	150	240
65 to 69 years	5,280	2,335	2,940	105	45	60
70 to 74 years	4,275	1,820	2,455	95	35	60
75 to 79 years	4,195	1,770	2,420	60	30	35
80 to 84 years	3,445	1,440	2,005	50	20	35
85 years and over	3,120	1,140	1,980	80	15	65
85 to 89 years	2,075	815	1,260	40	10	30
90 to 94 years	830	275	555	25	10	20
95 to 99 years	180	45	140	5	0	10
100 years and over	30	5	25	5	0	5
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	20.4	21.5	19.4	10.6	12.2	9.4
15 to 64 years	61.7	62.7	60.7	51.4	54.4	49.6
65 years and over	17.9	15.8	19.9	37.5	33.3	41.0
85 years and over	2.8	2.1	3.3	7.7	3.3	11.1
Average age of the population	39.8	38.7	40.8	53.4	50.5	55.7
Median age of the population	39.5	39.3	39.8	57.7	55.8	59.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	44,315	...	...	500	...	...
Single-detached house	2,310	...	...	325	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	2,455	...	...	0	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	39,540	...	...	175	...	...
Semi-detached house	890	...	...	15	...	...
Row house	215	...	...	35	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	7,105	...	...	5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	31,155	...	...	120	...	...
Other single-attached house	180	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	10	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	44,315	...	...	500	...	...
1 person	13,200	...	...	200	...	...
2 persons	12,560	...	...	200	...	...
3 persons	7,250	...	...	50	...	...
4 persons	6,715	...	...	45	...	...
5 or more persons	4,580	...	...	10	...	...
Number of persons in private households	111,745	...	...	970	...	...
Average household size	2.5	...	...	1.9	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	90,115	42,240	47,875	925	395	535
Married or living common law	47,140	23,610	23,535	520	260	260
Married	41,055	20,560	20,490	450	225	225
Living common law	6,090	3,045	3,040	70	35	40
Not married and not living common law	42,970	18,630	24,340	405	130	270
Never married	27,305	13,940	13,360	150	70	80
Separated	2,200	825	1,375	30	10	25
Divorced	7,295	2,750	4,545	80	30	50
Widowed	6,170	1,115	5,060	140	20	115
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	30,080	...	...	285	...	...
2 persons	12,745	...	...	195	...	...
3 persons	7,100	...	...	45	...	...
4 persons	6,530	...	...	40	...	...
5 or more persons	3,710	...	...	10	...	...
Average size of census families	3.1	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	30,085	...	...	285	...	...
Total couple families	22,705	...	...	255	...	...
Married couples	19,665	...	...	220	...	...
Common-law couples	3,045	...	...	35	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	7,375	...	...	30	...	...
Female parent	6,230	...	...	30	...	...
Male parent	1,145	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	22,710	...	...	255	...	...
Couples without children	8,300	...	...	175	...	...
Couples with children	14,410	...	...	80	...	...
1 child	5,005	...	...	35	...	...
2 children	5,925	...	...	35	...	...
3 or more children	3,475	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	7,375	...	...	30	...	...
1 child	4,445	...	...	20	...	...
2 children	2,090	...	...	10	...	...
3 or more children	845	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	19,220	8,780	10,440	245	85	165
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	44,315	...	...	500	...	...
One-census-family households	28,780	...	...	285	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	7,930	...	...	175	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	20,855	...	...	110	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	645	...	...	0	...	...
Non-census-family households	14,890	...	...	215	...	...
One-person households	13,195	...	...	200	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	1,690	...	...	15	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	112,615	53,610	59,005	970	435	540
English only	5,130	2,625	2,510	870	395	480
French only	50,185	22,145	28,040	0	0	0
English and French	52,150	27,010	25,140	100	35	60
Neither English nor French	5,155	1,830	3,325	0	0	5
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	112,620	53,610	59,005	975	435	535
English	20,900	10,395	10,495	955	430	530
French	73,665	34,365	39,300	15	5	10
English and French	13,040	7,080	5,960	5	0	0
Neither English nor French	5,015	1,770	3,250	0	0	0
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	27,420	13,940	13,480	15	10	10
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	24.3	26.0	22.8	1.5	2.3	1.9
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	112,615	53,610	59,005	970	435	540
Single responses	104,785	49,790	54,990	960	430	535
Official languages	42,080	20,015	22,065	935	415	520
English	7,085	3,620	3,465	920	410	510
French	35,000	16,400	18,605	15	0	10
Non-official languages	62,700	29,775	32,925	30	10	15
Aboriginal languages	10	5	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Algonquin	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	62,695	29,770	32,920	30	10	15
Afro-Asiatic languages	15,395	7,940	7,460	0	0	0
Berber languages	2,745	1,440	1,300	0	0	0
Kabyle	1,705	885	825	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	1,040	560	480	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	10	5	5	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	12,635	6,485	6,150	0	0	5
Amharic	10	5	5	0	0	0
Arabic	12,620	6,480	6,140	5	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	5	0	5	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	4,095	1,935	2,160	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,135	530	600	0	0	0
Vietnamese	2,965	1,405	1,560	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	115	30	85	0	0	0
Bikol	5	0	5	0	0	0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	5	0	0	0
Ilocano	5	0	5	0	0	0
Malagasy	10	5	10	0	0	0
Malay	5	0	5	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	75	15	60	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Creole languages	6,480	2,825	3,655	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	240	110	130	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	6,235	2,715	3,520	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	955	470	485	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	950	465	485	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	5	5	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	31,790	14,755	17,030	25	5	10
Albanian	60	25	35	0	0	0
Armenian	30	15	15	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,205	500	710	5	0	5
Baltic languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Slavic languages	1,195	495	705	0	5	0
Belarusan	5	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	20	15	10	0	0	0
Bulgarian	105	45	60	0	0	0
Croatian	55	25	25	0	0	0
Czech	5	5	5	5	0	5
Macedonian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Polish	325	120	210	0	0	0
Russian	255	105	155	0	0	5
Serbian	45	15	30	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Slovak	15	0	10	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	65	25	40	0	0	0
Ukrainian	285	130	160	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	75	35	40	10	5	5
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	10	5	10	5	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	60	30	25	15	5	10
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	325	150	180	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,280	620	655	0	0	5
Indo-Aryan languages	900	440	455	0	0	0
Bengali	490	235	250	0	0	0
Gujarati	120	60	65	0	0	0
Hindi	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	5	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	15	5	5	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	70	30	35	0	0	0
Sindhi	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	10	15	0	0	0
Urdu	140	70	70	0	0	0
Iranian languages	375	175	200	5	0	5
Kurdish	125	55	65	0	0	0
Pashto	20	10	15	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	225	100	120	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	28,815	13,420	15,395	5	0	0
Catalan	10	5	5	0	0	0
Italian	17,860	8,300	9,565	0	0	0
Portuguese	1,440	650	785	0	0	0
Romanian	545	255	290	0	0	0
Spanish	8,960	4,210	4,755	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Japanese	20	0	20	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	5	0	0	0	0
Korean	10	5	5	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	705	340	360	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Bamanankan	20	10	10	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	30	20	5	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	55	25	30	0	0	0
Ga	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	5	0	0	0	0
Lingala	150	65	75	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	45	20	25	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	60	20	35	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	50	25	30	0	0	0
Wolof	55	30	20	0	0	0
Yoruba	5	0	5	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	225	110	115	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	20	15	5	0	0	0
American Sign Language	5	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,935	895	1,040	0	0	0
Chinese languages	1,930	895	1,035	0	0	0
Cantonese	970	470	500	0	0	0
Hakka	5	5	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	405	175	230	5	0	5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	450	195	250	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	100	50	50	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	5	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	225	115	110	0	0	0
Lao	205	110	100	0	0	0
Thai	20	5	15	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	870	410	460	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	865	410	460	0	0	0
Uyghur	5	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Uralic languages	50	25	30	0	5	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	50	25	25	5	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0	0	0
Multiple responses	7,835	3,815	4,020	10	5	0
English and French	905	465	440	5	0	0
English and non-official language	885	430	455	5	10	5
French and non-official language	5,165	2,465	2,695	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	890	460	430	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	112,615	53,610	59,005	970	435	540
Single responses	94,115	44,615	49,505	965	435	535
Official languages	59,600	28,570	31,030	960	425	535
English	16,245	8,050	8,195	960	425	530
French	43,360	20,525	22,840	5	0	0
Non-official languages	34,515	16,045	18,470	10	5	5
Aboriginal languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	5	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	5	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	34,510	16,035	18,470	10	5	5
Afro-Asiatic languages	7,215	3,665	3,550	0	0	0
Berber languages	1,200	615	580	0	0	0
Kabyle	800	410	385	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	400	205	200	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	10	5	5	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	6,010	3,045	2,965	0	0	0
Amharic	5	5	0	0	0	0
Arabic	6,005	3,045	2,960	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	3,335	1,535	1,805	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	855	385	470	0	0	0
Vietnamese	2,485	1,150	1,335	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	20	5	10	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	5	0	5	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	5	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	5	10	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	2,650	1,165	1,485	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	120	55	60	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	2,525	1,110	1,415	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	850	420	430	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	850	415	430	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	17,800	8,010	9,790	10	5	5
Albanian	35	10	25	0	0	0
Armenian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	660	285	375	0	0	0
Baltic languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Slavic languages	655	285	375	0	5	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	15	5	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	65	30	35	0	0	0
Croatian	15	5	10	0	0	0
Czech	5	5	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	5	0	0	0	0
Polish	155	65	95	0	0	0
Russian	175	75	95	0	0	0
Serbian	30	10	20	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Slovak	5	0	5	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	35	10	20	0	0	0
Ukrainian	145	65	85	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	5	5	5	5	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	5	5	5	0	5	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	140	50	90	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	870	405	470	5	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	635	305	330	0	0	0
Bengali	380	175	205	0	0	0
Gujarati	70	35	35	0	0	0
Hindi	10	10	5	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	5	5	5	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	15	10	5	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	35	15	20	0	0	0
Sindhi	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Urdu	95	45	45	0	0	0
Iranian languages	235	95	140	0	0	0
Kurdish	55	25	30	0	0	0
Pashto	20	10	10	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	160	65	95	0	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	16,075	7,250	8,830	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	8,520	3,680	4,835	0	0	0
Portuguese	750	350	395	0	0	0
Romanian	375	175	205	0	0	0
Spanish	6,430	3,045	3,390	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Japanese	5	5	5	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	10	5	5	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	225	100	125	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Bamanankan	10	0	5	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	15	10	5	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	25	15	15	0	0	0
Ga	0	5	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	80	30	50	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	20	10	10	0	0	0
Wolof	15	10	10	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Sign languages	20	10	5	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	10	10	5	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,575	735	840	0	0	0
Chinese languages	1,575	730	840	0	0	0
Cantonese	775	370	405	0	0	0
Hakka	0	5	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	350	165	185	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	345	155	195	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	95	45	55	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	125	65	55	0	0	0
Lao	120	65	55	0	0	0
Thai	5	5	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	655	305	355	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	650	300	350	0	0	0
Uyghur	5	5	5	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	20	5	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	18,505	9,000	9,505	5	5	0
English and French	1,550	770	785	0	0	0
English and non-official language	1,855	905	955	5	5	5
French and non-official language	12,725	6,125	6,600	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	2,375	1,200	1,175	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	112,620	53,610	59,005	975	435	535
None	71,260	33,505	37,755	935	420	515
English	5,535	2,750	2,790	10	5	0
French	13,950	6,780	7,170	10	0	10
Non-official language	17,785	8,565	9,225	20	10	10
Aboriginal	5	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	17,785	8,560	9,220	20	10	10
English and French	1,625	840	785	0	0	0
English and non-official language	895	435	460	0	0	0
French and non-official language	1,530	720	810	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	35	15	20	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	88,655	41,735	46,915	860	380	485
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	84,570	39,820	44,755	830	370	460
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	24,741	27,179	22,912	29,973	36,565	25,824
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	84,575	39,815	44,760	830	370	460
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	23,607	25,476	22,184	26,965	32,320	23,392
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	70,365	34,505	35,860	730	330	400
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	20,548	24,194	17,116	26,288	35,520	20,992
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	73,620	33,470	40,150	650	265	380
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,784	4,591	10,132	10,539	10,784	10,144
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	53,900	27,945	25,950	485	235	250
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	23,909	26,379	21,501	21,632	27,840	19,392
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	88,655	41,790	46,865	865	380	485
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	84,590	39,855	44,735	825	370	455
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,321	33,981	28,951	39,169	48,107	32,044
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	84,600	39,855	44,745	830	365	470
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	27,242	28,914	25,753	32,323	39,070	27,035
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	70,430	34,350	36,080	740	340	400
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,117	32,157	24,270	35,007	44,009	27,424
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	73,670	33,625	40,050	670	265	400
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	9,083	7,426	10,475	9,512	10,069	9,142
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	53,925	27,900	26,020	490	250	240
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,229	33,181	27,065	31,144	40,381	21,476
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	88,655	41,790	46,860	860	380	485
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	21,195	11,770	9,425	175	110	70
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	38,671	40,084	37,115	42,836	49,690	41,789
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	45,350	48,512	41,401	53,759	54,597	52,425
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	74.8	81.8	67.4	81.3	84.5	77.0
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	61.7	68.4	54.7	50.1	53.3	46.6
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	25.2	18.2	32.6	19.3	15.5	23.1
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	88,655	41,735	46,915	865	380	485
Without total income	4,080	1,920	2,160	40	10	25
With total income	84,570	39,820	44,755	825	370	460
Percentage with total income	95.4	95.4	95.4	95.4	97.4	94.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	13,485	6,625	6,855	105	40	65
$10,000 to $19,999	19,810	7,725	12,080	155	55	95
$20,000 to $29,999	17,005	7,515	9,490	160	60	100
$30,000 to $39,999	12,035	5,950	6,080	105	35	65
$40,000 to $49,999	8,550	4,245	4,300	80	40	40
$50,000 to $59,999	5,160	2,680	2,480	65	35	30
$60,000 to $69,999	2,880	1,600	1,280	35	25	10
$70,000 to $79,999	1,865	1,070	795	30	15	15
$80,000 to $89,999	1,195	690	505	25	15	15
$90,000 to $99,999	750	470	280	15	5	5
$100,000 and over	1,840	1,235	610	55	35	20
$100,000 to $149,999	1,280	830	450	40	25	20
$150,000 and over	565	400	160	15	10	5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	88,655	41,735	46,915	860	380	485
Without after-tax income	4,075	1,920	2,155	35	15	20
With after-tax income	84,575	39,815	44,755	825	370	460
Percentage with after-tax income	95.4	95.4	95.4	95.9	97.4	94.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	13,745	6,710	7,035	115	45	70
$10,000 to $19,999	20,655	8,135	12,520	170	65	105
$20,000 to $29,999	19,485	8,905	10,580	185	60	125
$30,000 to $39,999	14,175	7,140	7,040	110	60	50
$40,000 to $49,999	8,140	4,095	4,045	80	40	40
$50,000 to $59,999	3,860	2,075	1,780	55	35	20
$60,000 to $69,999	2,000	1,130	870	45	25	15
$70,000 to $79,999	990	595	395	20	10	10
$80,000 and over	1,525	1,030	495	50	35	15
$80,000 to $89,999	555	360	200	20	10	10
$90,000 to $99,999	280	190	95	10	5	5
$100,000 and over	680	480	200	20	10	5
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	88,655	41,740	46,915	865	380	485
Without employment income	34,755	13,795	20,960	375	140	235
With employment income	53,900	27,950	25,955	485	240	250
Percentage with employment income	60.8	67.0	55.3	56.1	63.2	51.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,840	3,695	4,145	105	45	60
$5,000 to $9,999	5,375	2,480	2,890	55	20	30
$10,000 to $19,999	10,175	4,920	5,255	75	40	35
$20,000 to $29,999	8,690	4,400	4,295	50	15	35
$30,000 to $39,999	7,350	3,955	3,400	50	25	25
$40,000 to $49,999	5,180	2,805	2,375	40	25	15
$50,000 to $59,999	3,195	1,860	1,340	20	15	5
$60,000 to $69,999	1,975	1,190	785	20	10	5
$70,000 to $79,999	1,435	850	585	20	10	15
$80,000 and over	2,680	1,790	890	60	30	25
$80,000 to $89,999	855	535	315	20	10	10
$90,000 to $99,999	525	345	185	10	10	0
$100,000 and over	1,300	905	390	30	20	10
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	44,315	...	...	500	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	48,731	...	...	53,035	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	44,889	...	...	46,379	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	13,200	...	...	200	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	26,615	...	...	30,869	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	25,071	...	...	26,987	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	31,115	...	...	300	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	59,059	...	...	67,584	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	54,401	...	...	61,568	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	44,325	...	...	500	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	59,776	...	...	64,499	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	51,996	...	...	53,730	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	13,215	...	...	200	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	33,301	...	...	40,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	28,687	...	...	32,964	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	31,105	...	...	305	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	71,022	...	...	80,466	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	61,897	...	...	67,432	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	44,315	...	...	500	...	...
Under $5,000	645	...	...	5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	835	...	...	15	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,475	...	...	10	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,700	...	...	30	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,905	...	...	40	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,630	...	...	20	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,830	...	...	35	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,130	...	...	25	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,965	...	...	25	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,665	...	...	25	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,910	...	...	40	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,890	...	...	45	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,915	...	...	30	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,225	...	...	30	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,765	...	...	15	...	...
$100,000 and over	5,820	...	...	100	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,585	...	...	45	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,360	...	...	20	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,105	...	...	15	...	...
$200,000 and over	770	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	44,315	...	...	500	...	...
Under $5,000	715	...	...	5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	845	...	...	15	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,495	...	...	10	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,805	...	...	40	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,195	...	...	40	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,985	...	...	35	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,430	...	...	30	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,455	...	...	35	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,305	...	...	30	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,095	...	...	30	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,355	...	...	55	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,910	...	...	35	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,800	...	...	35	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,985	...	...	30	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,395	...	...	20	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,530	...	...	55	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,865	...	...	25	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	820	...	...	15	...	...
$150,000 and over	845	...	...	10	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	30,125	...	...	285	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	59,028	...	...	67,648	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	54,412	...	...	60,992	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.2	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	7,645	...	...	170	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	52,019	...	...	66,048	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	47,852	...	...	59,221	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	14,450	...	...	80	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	69,989	...	...	89,344	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	64,174	...	...	75,520	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.1	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	7,000	...	...	30	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	45,858	...	...	31,552	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	43,392	...	...	31,552	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	30,060	...	...	290	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	71,118	...	...	77,453	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	61,932	...	...	65,477	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	7,560	...	...	175	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	63,060	...	...	71,116	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	54,243	...	...	60,374	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	14,480	...	...	80	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	84,743	...	...	102,504	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	73,243	...	...	85,240	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,975	...	...	25	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	52,420	...	...	49,477	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	47,400	...	...	44,420	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	16,075	7,445	8,630	235	80	155
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	25,004	25,933	24,552	28,256	25,792	29,120
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	23,882	24,082	23,722	26,048	24,768	26,560
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	16,220	7,635	8,590	230	90	145
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	31,554	31,487	31,614	43,188	52,036	37,814
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	27,319	26,949	27,648	34,789	40,000	31,624
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	111,740	53,300	58,450	970	435	535
In the bottom half of the distribution	86,440	40,800	45,640	605	260	345
In the bottom decile	16,970	8,140	8,835	125	50	75
In the second decile	19,880	9,010	10,870	150	65	90
In the third decile	21,350	10,125	11,230	150	60	85
In the fourth decile	16,480	7,895	8,580	90	40	50
In the fifth decile	11,760	5,635	6,125	95	45	45
In the top half of the distribution	25,305	12,495	12,810	365	170	190
In the sixth decile	8,335	4,060	4,275	80	40	40
In the seventh decile	6,295	3,120	3,180	80	35	50
In the eighth decile	4,850	2,410	2,440	85	40	45
In the ninth decile	3,455	1,735	1,715	60	30	30
In the top decile	2,370	1,170	1,200	55	35	20
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	111,745	53,295	58,450	975	435	540
0 to 17 years	26,750	13,390	13,360	135	70	70
0 to 5 years	10,445	5,255	5,185	45	25	20
18 to 64 years	65,970	31,810	34,160	505	230	275
65 years and over	19,025	8,100	10,920	335	135	190
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	27,070	12,510	14,560	195	85	110
0 to 17 years	8,345	4,245	4,095	35	20	15
0 to 5 years	3,415	1,715	1,700	15	10	5
18 to 64 years	15,150	7,070	8,080	105	45	60
65 years and over	3,580	1,195	2,385	60	20	40
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	24.2	23.5	24.9	20.0	19.5	20.4
0 to 17 years (%)	31.2	31.7	30.7	25.9	28.6	21.4
0 to 5 years (%)	32.7	32.6	32.8	33.3	40.0	25.0
18 to 64 years (%)	23.0	22.2	23.7	20.8	19.6	21.8
65 years and over (%)	18.8	14.8	21.8	17.9	14.8	21.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	20,330	9,580	10,750	65	30	40
0 to 17 years	6,195	3,165	3,025	10	5	0
0 to 5 years	2,565	1,275	1,295	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	11,855	5,700	6,150	50	20	30
65 years and over	2,280	710	1,575	5	5	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	18.2	18.0	18.4	6.7	6.9	7.4
0 to 17 years (%)	23.2	23.6	22.6	7.4	7.1	0.0
0 to 5 years (%)	24.6	24.3	25.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
18 to 64 years (%)	18.0	17.9	18.0	9.9	8.7	10.9
65 years and over (%)	12.0	8.8	14.4	1.5	3.7	0.0
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	111,765	53,370	58,395	975	430	540
Official languages	106,655	51,565	55,090	970	430	540
English	57,075	29,425	27,650	975	430	540
French	101,675	49,055	52,620	110	55	55
Non-official languages	82,685	39,465	43,220	65	30	35
Aboriginal languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	82,675	39,465	43,210	60	30	35
Afro-Asiatic languages	21,600	11,080	10,525	0	0	0
Berber languages	3,850	2,020	1,825	0	0	0
Kabyle	2,355	1,205	1,150	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	1,535	835	700	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	15	0	10	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	19,885	10,155	9,725	0	0	0
Amharic	20	15	0	0	0	0
Arabic	19,855	10,145	9,710	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	20	10	10	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	40	20	25	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5,335	2,575	2,760	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,435	675	760	0	0	0
Vietnamese	3,950	1,920	2,030	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	145	30	110	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	25	10	15	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	10	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	110	20	90	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	11,100	4,945	6,155	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	540	270	275	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10,595	4,695	5,900	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	30	15	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	1,135	605	530	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	1,135	605	530	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	39,780	18,640	21,140	60	30	30
Albanian	75	35	40	0	0	0
Armenian	45	30	15	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,510	715	790	0	0	0
Baltic languages	10	10	10	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Slavic languages	1,500	710	785	0	0	0
Belarusan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	110	45	60	0	0	0
Croatian	80	45	30	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	385	170	220	0	0	0
Russian	555	285	270	0	0	0
Serbian	30	10	20	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	45	25	20	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	80	30	50	0	0	0
Ukrainian	410	185	225	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	270	130	135	30	15	20
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	20	0	25	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	235	120	115	35	15	20
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	10	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	350	160	185	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,460	695	765	15	10	10
Indo-Aryan languages	1,145	560	585	0	0	0
Bengali	600	300	305	0	0	0
Gujarati	80	35	45	0	0	0
Hindi	105	50	60	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	45	25	20	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	150	70	75	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	10	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	90	40	50	0	0	0
Urdu	220	110	110	0	0	0
Iranian languages	315	135	180	15	10	10
Kurdish	175	80	100	0	0	0
Pashto	15	0	10	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	130	65	65	15	10	10
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	36,540	17,090	19,450	20	10	10
Catalan	15	10	10	0	0	0
Italian	22,760	10,465	12,290	0	0	0
Portuguese	1,815	830	985	0	0	0
Romanian	610	270	340	0	0	0
Spanish	12,950	6,175	6,775	15	10	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0	0	0
Japanese	55	30	20	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	20	10	10	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	15	10	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	1,300	630	670	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	25	15	10	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	45	25	20	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	70	35	35	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	480	210	270	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	55	30	25	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	70	25	45	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	125	70	60	0	0	0
Wolof	100	45	50	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	495	255	240	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	125	60	65	0	0	10
American Sign Language	15	0	10	0	0	10
Quebec Sign Language	55	25	35	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	65	35	35	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,460	1,100	1,360	0	0	0
Chinese languages	2,450	1,100	1,355	0	0	0
Cantonese	1,395	620	775	0	0	0
Hakka	10	10	10	0	0	0
Mandarin	730	290	430	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	630	260	365	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	245	140	105	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	290	145	150	0	0	0
Lao	275	135	140	0	0	0
Thai	30	0	20	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	1,285	630	655	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	1,255	605	650	0	0	0
Uyghur	25	15	10	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	50	25	25	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	50	25	25	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	111,765	53,370	58,390	975	430	540
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	95,210	45,495	49,720	900	395	505
Canadian citizens aged under 18	23,585	11,800	11,785	125	65	60
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	71,630	33,695	37,935	775	335	445
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	16,550	7,880	8,670	75	40	35
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	111,760	53,375	58,395	975	435	540
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	54,970	26,500	28,470	810	345	470
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	55,290	26,130	29,160	160	90	75
Before 1981	14,540	6,505	8,035	70	40	25
1981 to 1990	5,775	2,920	2,855	0	0	0
1991 to 2000	8,550	3,975	4,570	0	0	0
2001 to 2010	15,210	7,370	7,840	90	40	50
2001 to 2005	5,830	2,870	2,960	10	0	10
2006 to 2010	9,385	4,500	4,885	80	40	40
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	11,215	5,355	5,860	10	10	0
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	1,510	745	760	0	0	0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	55,290	26,130	29,160	160	90	75
Under 5 years	5,045	2,505	2,535	20	10	15
5 to 14 years	8,435	4,055	4,385	40	25	15
15 to 24 years	13,165	5,640	7,530	20	15	0
25 to 44 years	25,350	12,400	12,950	55	30	25
45 years and over	3,290	1,535	1,755	25	10	15
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	55,290	26,130	29,160	165	90	75
Americas	16,250	7,375	8,875	15	10	15
Brazil	50	15	35	0	0	0
Colombia	770	385	385	0	0	0
El Salvador	1,065	515	550	0	0	0
Guyana	45	25	20	0	0	0
Haiti	8,635	3,795	4,840	0	0	10
Jamaica	20	15	0	0	0	0
Mexico	645	235	410	0	0	0
Peru	1,065	465	600	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	10	10	0	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	575	305	270	15	10	10
Other places of birth in Americas	3,385	1,615	1,765	0	0	0
Europe	13,840	6,180	7,655	130	75	60
Bosnia and Herzegovina	30	15	15	0	0	0
Croatia	65	25	35	0	0	0
France	580	270	310	10	15	0
Germany	55	35	20	15	10	10
Greece	115	50	60	0	0	0
Hungary	25	10	15	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Italy	10,405	4,675	5,735	0	0	0
Netherlands	10	0	10	10	0	0
Poland	225	85	135	0	0	0
Portugal	965	410	555	0	0	0
Romania	475	205	265	0	0	0
Russian Federation	85	40	45	0	0	0
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	20	10	15	0	0	0
Ukraine	200	90	105	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	65	35	25	95	55	35
Other places of birth in Europe	525	220	305	10	0	10
Africa	16,735	8,550	8,185	0	0	0
Algeria	8,475	4,345	4,130	0	0	0
Egypt	180	100	75	0	0	0
Ethiopia	10	0	10	0	0	0
Kenya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	4,995	2,565	2,430	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	3,075	1,535	1,540	0	0	0
Asia	8,460	4,020	4,440	10	10	0
Afghanistan	35	0	25	0	0	0
Bangladesh	310	155	155	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	580	210	375	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	50	25	20	0	0	0
India	115	45	70	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	75	40	30	10	10	10
Iraq	35	20	20	0	0	0
Japan	15	10	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	30	15	15	0	0	0
Lebanon	900	465	435	0	0	0
Pakistan	145	85	65	0	0	0
Philippines	105	15	90	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	715	365	345	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	170	85	85	0	0	0
Taiwan	15	10	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	2,595	1,220	1,375	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	2,585	1,260	1,325	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	11,215	5,355	5,860	10	0	0
Americas	3,860	1,865	1,990	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	240	120	125	0	0	0
Cuba	170	95	70	0	0	0
Haiti	2,355	1,100	1,250	0	0	0
Jamaica	15	10	0	0	0	0
Mexico	175	70	100	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	215	120	95	0	0	0
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	25	10	15	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	665	335	330	0	0	0
Europe	450	250	205	0	10	0
France	130	60	65	0	0	0
Germany	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	10	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	45	20	25	0	0	0
Romania	40	15	25	0	0	0
Russian Federation	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	75	50	30	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	10	10	10	0	10	0
Other places of birth in Europe	120	75	45	0	0	0
Africa	6,115	2,925	3,190	0	0	0
Algeria	3,155	1,485	1,665	0	0	0
Cameroon	255	120	130	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	140	85	50	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	115	55	65	0	0	0
Egypt	45	15	25	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	10	10	10	0	0	0
Morocco	1,640	795	850	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	405	180	225	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	350	180	175	0	0	0
Asia	795	315	480	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	15	0	10	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	45	10	35	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	15	0	10	0	0	0
Iraq	25	10	10	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	85	50	30	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	30	20	10	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	10	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	90	25	65	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	50	20	35	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	80	50	30	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	10	0	10	0	0	0
Viet Nam	180	55	125	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	160	65	100	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	111,765	53,370	58,390	970	430	540
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	57,095	27,015	30,080	185	105	80
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	32,895	16,260	16,635	120	50	65
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	21,775	10,095	11,675	670	280	390
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	41,425	19,970	21,450	95	40	50
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	17,960	9,825	8,135	75	35	45
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	8,620	5,870	2,755	30	15	10
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	9,340	3,950	5,385	45	15	30
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	14,375	5,390	8,990	20	10	10
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	8,200	4,300	3,895	0	0	0
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	890	465	430	0	0	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	111,760	53,370	58,390	970	430	540
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	420	150	270	0	10	0
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	405	150	255	10	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	175	65	100	10	0	0
Métis	215	80	135	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	15	0	15	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	111,345	53,215	58,125	965	425	535
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	111,765	53,370	58,390	975	430	540
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	55	20	35	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	111,705	53,355	58,355	970	430	540
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	111,760	53,375	58,390	975	430	540
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	185	85	105	0	0	0
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	180	85	105	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	155	70	85	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	15	10	10	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	0	10	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	750	245	505	10	10	0
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	750	245	505	10	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	640	220	420	10	10	0
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	105	25	80	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	0	10	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	110,830	53,040	57,785	960	425	545
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	111,765	53,370	58,390	970	435	540
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	55,885	27,235	28,655	15	10	10
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	2,430	1,255	1,170	0	0	0
Chinese	1,895	850	1,050	0	0	0
Black	17,240	8,060	9,175	0	0	0
Filipino	130	40	95	0	0	0
Latin American	9,010	4,355	4,655	0	0	0
Arab	17,880	9,150	8,725	0	0	0
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	5,670	2,775	2,895	0	0	0
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	380	165	215	15	10	10
Korean	35	25	15	0	0	0
Japanese	35	10	30	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	225	125	105	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	955	440	520	0	0	0
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	55,875	26,140	29,740	955	420	535
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	111,765	53,370	58,395	970	435	545
North American Aboriginal origins	935	330	605	0	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian)	800	295	500	10	10	0
Inuit	15	0	10	0	0	0
Métis	130	35	90	0	0	0
Other North American origins	16,780	7,730	9,060	230	100	125
Acadian	160	80	80	15	10	10
American	255	135	120	0	0	0
Canadian	15,355	7,055	8,305	220	100	120
New Brunswicker	10	10	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Québécois	1,265	580	685	0	0	0
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	40,320	18,715	21,605	840	375	465
British Isles origins	2,845	1,305	1,545	625	280	350
Channel Islander	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0	0	0
English	1,055	495	560	375	160	215
Irish	1,525	660	865	215	95	120
Manx	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish	640	300	345	295	140	150
Welsh	10	0	0	15	0	10
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	80	55	25	55	35	15
French origins	7,525	3,255	4,265	150	65	85
Alsatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	45	10	35	0	0	0
Corsican	10	10	0	0	0	0
French	7,485	3,240	4,245	150	65	85
Western European origins (except French origins)	1,045	460	585	365	155	215
Austrian	60	35	20	0	0	0
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	190	80	110	0	0	0
Dutch	130	55	75	70	15	55
Flemish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	645	275	365	330	140	195
Luxembourger	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss	70	35	30	0	0	0
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	120	80	45	25	10	20
Danish	15	10	0	10	0	10
Finnish	35	25	10	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	20	15	0	0	0	0
Swedish	40	25	15	15	0	15
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Eastern European origins	2,415	1,115	1,305	50	20	30
Bulgarian	120	60	60	0	0	0
Byelorussian	35	20	10	0	0	0
Czech	15	10	0	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	110	50	65	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	30	15	15	0	0	0
Moldovan	65	30	35	0	0	0
Polish	715	345	370	0	0	10
Romanian	625	290	335	0	0	0
Russian	330	150	175	25	15	10
Slovak	25	15	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	740	335	400	10	0	0
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins	29,995	14,185	15,810	25	0	15
Albanian	50	30	25	0	0	0
Bosnian	20	10	15	0	0	0
Catalan	15	0	10	0	0	0
Croatian	140	80	55	0	0	0
Cypriot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	650	335	315	0	0	0
Italian	25,510	12,040	13,470	20	10	10
Kosovar	45	20	25	0	0	0
Macedonian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	2,095	975	1,125	0	0	0
Serbian	75	40	35	10	0	10
Sicilian	65	40	25	0	0	0
Slovenian	110	50	55	0	0	0
Spanish	2,280	1,075	1,205	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	80	25	55	0	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	160	75	85	0	0	0
Basque	35	15	20	0	0	0
Jewish	65	35	30	0	0	0
Roma (Gypsy)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	55	20	30	0	0	0
Caribbean origins	14,625	6,750	7,875	0	0	0
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Barbadian	30	20	15	0	0	0
Bermudan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	560	285	275	0	0	0
Dominican	1,165	500	665	0	0	0
Grenadian	20	0	15	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	25	10	15	0	0	0
Haitian	12,745	5,855	6,895	0	0	0
Jamaican	120	70	50	0	0	0
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	35	10	25	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	10	10	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	20	10	15	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	35	20	15	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	115	65	45	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	125	50	80	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	8,585	4,130	4,455	0	0	0
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	280	150	130	0	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	145	70	80	0	0	0
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	80	30	50	0	0	0
Chilean	420	185	230	0	0	0
Colombian	1,080	535	540	0	0	0
Costa Rican	45	20	25	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	210	90	120	0	0	0
Guatemalan	1,130	595	535	0	0	0
Guyanese	40	20	15	0	0	0
Hispanic	70	45	25	0	0	0
Honduran	650	335	315	0	0	0
Maya	120	50	70	0	0	0
Mexican	1,005	435	570	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	210	85	125	0	0	0
Panamanian	80	55	25	0	0	0
Paraguayan	20	0	15	0	0	0
Peruvian	1,390	650	740	0	0	0
Salvadorean	1,770	860	905	0	0	0
Uruguayan	85	35	50	0	0	0
Venezuelan	170	65	105	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	455	260	195	0	0	0
African origins	24,480	12,440	12,040	10	0	0
Central and West African origins	2,275	1,125	1,145	0	0	0
Akan	10	10	10	0	0	0
Angolan	55	15	40	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	75	45	35	0	0	0
Burkinabe	55	30	25	0	0	0
Cameroonian	430	200	225	0	0	0
Chadian	20	15	0	0	0	0
Congolese	895	415	480	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	15	0	10	0	0	0
Gabonese	10	10	0	0	0	0
Gambian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Guinean	100	55	45	0	0	0
Ibo	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	160	90	75	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Malinké	10	10	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Peulh	45	15	30	0	0	0
Senegalese	135	75	60	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	85	50	35	0	0	0
Wolof	20	10	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	15	10	10	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	200	100	100	0	0	0
North African origins	19,735	10,115	9,615	0	0	0
Algerian	8,360	4,260	4,095	0	0	0
Berber	3,900	1,960	1,945	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	315	170	145	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	6,235	3,175	3,060	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	1,470	835	635	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	345	170	170	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	430	210	220	10	10	0
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	165	80	80	0	0	0
Burundian	65	40	25	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	25	10	10	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	25	0	20	0	0	0
Mauritian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	40	20	25	0	0	0
Seychellois	30	0	20	0	0	0
Somali	20	0	10	0	0	0
South African	10	10	10	0	10	0
Tanzanian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	35	20	15	0	0	0
Other African origins	2,150	1,040	1,105	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	115	45	70	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	2,065	1,005	1,055	0	0	0
Asian origins	18,370	8,960	9,410	15	10	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	7,645	3,795	3,850	15	10	10
Afghan	50	20	35	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	3,770	1,860	1,915	0	0	0
Armenian	145	100	45	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	20	15	10	0	0	0
Georgian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	140	80	65	15	10	0
Iraqi	55	25	30	0	0	0
Israeli	20	10	15	0	0	0
Jordanian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	15	10	0	0	0	0
Kurd	455	215	245	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	1,695	855	845	0	0	0
Palestinian	70	45	20	0	0	0
Pashtun	10	0	10	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Syrian	330	155	175	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	1,100	525	575	0	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	50	30	20	0	0	0
Uzbek	10	0	10	0	0	0
Yemeni	40	25	15	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins	2,370	1,215	1,155	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	365	180	190	0	0	0
Bengali	200	105	90	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	450	195	255	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	35	20	15	0	0	0
Pakistani	270	145	125	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	1,005	540	460	0	0	0
Tamil	170	85	80	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	50	30	25	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	8,400	3,970	4,435	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	1,490	700	795	0	0	0
Chinese	3,335	1,505	1,835	0	0	0
Filipino	160	55	105	0	0	0
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Japanese	40	10	30	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	40	20	25	0	0	0
Laotian	370	205	165	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	15	10	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	10	10	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	10	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	80	35	40	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	4,055	2,000	2,060	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oceania origins	15	0	0	15	10	0
Australian	15	10	10	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	15	10	0
Pacific Islands origins	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	44,325	...	...	500	...	...
Owner	14,490	...	...	315	...	...
Renter	29,830	...	...	185	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	44,325	...	...	500	...	...
Condominium	4,825	...	...	45	...	...
Not condominium	39,495	...	...	460	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	44,325	...	...	500	...	...
No bedrooms	120	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	7,410	...	...	90	...	...
2 bedrooms	16,485	...	...	160	...	...
3 bedrooms	17,545	...	...	185	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	2,755	...	...	75	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	44,325	...	...	500	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	21,915	...	...	120	...	...
5 rooms	12,575	...	...	105	...	...
6 rooms	3,360	...	...	80	...	...
7 rooms	2,785	...	...	100	...	...
8 or more rooms	3,690	...	...	95	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.8	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	44,320	...	...	500	...	...
One person or fewer per room	41,910	...	...	500	...	...
More than 1 person per room	2,415	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	44,325	...	...	500	...	...
Suitable	38,565	...	...	495	...	...
Not suitable	5,760	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	44,325	...	...	500	...	...
1960 or before	9,030	...	...	275	...	...
1961 to 1980	26,035	...	...	95	...	...
1981 to 1990	3,705	...	...	10	...	...
1991 to 2000	2,285	...	...	20	...	...
2001 to 2005	970	...	...	10	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,445	...	...	70	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	860	...	...	35	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	44,325	...	...	505	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	41,340	...	...	460	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,985	...	...	35	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	44,325	...	...	500	...	...
1 household maintainer	30,085	...	...	330	...	...
2 household maintainers	12,975	...	...	170	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	1,265	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	44,325	...	...	505	...	...
15 to 24 years	900	...	...	10	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,060	...	...	40	...	...
35 to 44 years	8,975	...	...	25	...	...
45 to 54 years	9,260	...	...	105	...	...
55 to 64 years	7,470	...	...	95	...	...
65 to 74 years	5,845	...	...	120	...	...
75 to 84 years	5,050	...	...	60	...	...
85 years and over	1,765	...	...	50	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	44,255	...	...	500	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	31,215	...	...	335	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	13,040	...	...	170	...	...
30% to less than 100%	11,735	...	...	155	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	14,485	...	...	315	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	48.2	...	...	51.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	26.7	...	...	23.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,002	...	...	934	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,268	...	...	1,146	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	499,731	...	...	259,412	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	486,073	...	...	308,114	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	29,835	...	...	180	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	6.5	...	...	13.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	30.8	...	...	48.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	766	...	...	801	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	798	...	...	945	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	88,655	41,790	46,865	865	380	485
No certificate, diploma or degree	25,830	11,645	14,185	110	55	60
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	20,100	9,495	10,600	210	100	110
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	42,730	20,655	22,075	545	225	315
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	12,600	6,645	5,955	100	50	50
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	9,180	4,435	4,745	65	20	45
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	3,420	2,210	1,215	35	30	10
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	13,210	5,805	7,405	160	50	110
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,095	1,250	1,845	45	20	25
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	13,825	6,955	6,865	240	105	130
Bachelor's degree	9,300	4,440	4,860	150	70	85
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,770	950	820	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	325	140	185	20	10	10
Master's degree	2,085	1,180	910	55	20	30
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	340	245	90	10	0	10
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	57,045	27,395	29,650	460	215	245
No certificate, diploma or degree	10,850	5,295	5,555	30	20	10
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	12,035	5,830	6,205	125	55	65
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	34,155	16,270	17,890	305	135	170
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	9,475	4,720	4,760	75	40	30
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	7,145	3,300	3,845	50	15	30
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	2,335	1,415	915	25	25	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	9,850	4,395	5,455	80	30	50
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,605	1,065	1,540	30	20	10
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	12,230	6,090	6,140	125	40	80
Bachelor's degree	8,200	3,905	4,290	70	20	45
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,615	860	755	10	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	265	90	170	15	10	10
Master's degree	1,840	1,020	825	30	10	20
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	310	215	95	10	0	10
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	88,660	41,795	46,860	860	380	485
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	45,925	21,140	24,785	320	155	170
Education	2,130	435	1,690	55	0	50
13. Education	2,130	435	1,690	60	0	55
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,365	690	670	35	0	30
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	295	230	65	10	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	1,070	460	610	35	0	35
Humanities	2,450	880	1,565	30	10	15
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	530	130	410	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	230	75	155	15	0	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,060	405	655	10	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	10	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	65	40	25	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	55	50	0	0	0	0
54. History	185	95	95	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/letters	315	100	220	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,040	1,555	3,495	75	35	40
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	0	20	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	320	155	165	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,515	100	1,420	20	15	10
22. Legal professions and studies	930	320	610	15	0	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	75	20	60	0	0	0
42. Psychology	330	75	255	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	1,840	880	965	40	15	20
Business, management and public administration	10,105	4,045	6,060	80	20	60
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	285	75	215	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,820	3,970	5,850	75	20	60
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,850	1,000	855	15	10	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	585	235	350	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	315	190	125	0	0	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	185	110	75	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	655	410	245	10	10	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	110	55	60	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,375	1,670	710	20	10	10
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,050	1,510	535	15	10	10
25. Library science	90	10	80	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	205	120	85	10	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	35	30	0	0	10	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	8,120	7,350	775	80	75	0
04. Architecture and related services	200	140	60	0	0	0
14. Engineering	2,230	1,830	400	20	25	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,520	1,365	160	10	10	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,780	1,710	70	35	35	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,590	1,530	60	10	10	0
48. Precision production	800	770	25	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	355	205	145	10	10	0
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	290	160	130	10	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	70	50	20	0	0	0
Health and related fields	5,575	1,160	4,420	85	20	65
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	165	70	95	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs	5,335	1,055	4,285	70	10	55
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	75	35	40	10	10	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,335	1,665	1,675	60	30	40
12. Personal and culinary services	2,255	675	1,575	35	10	30
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	10	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	565	495	75	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	520	490	30	20	20	0
Other	15	0	10	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	0	10	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	57,045	27,395	29,645	460	215	250
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	22,885	11,125	11,755	155	80	75
Education	1,605	300	1,310	20	0	25
13. Education	1,605	300	1,305	20	0	25
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,060	535	525	10	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	220	170	55	10	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	830	365	470	0	0	10
Humanities	1,725	585	1,140	10	0	10
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	460	105	355	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	195	60	130	10	0	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	590	230	355	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	40	15	20	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	40	25	0	0	0	0
54. History	160	75	80	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/letters	250	70	180	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,115	1,245	2,865	45	20	25
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	0	25	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	290	135	155	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,230	60	1,175	15	10	0
22. Legal professions and studies	800	260	540	0	0	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	65	20	45	0	0	0
42. Psychology	255	60	200	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	1,450	710	735	20	10	10
Business, management and public administration	8,290	3,290	5,000	35	10	30
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	230	60	165	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,060	3,230	4,830	30	10	30
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,380	700	675	0	0	10
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	515	205	310	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	180	100	85	10	0	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	50	40	10	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	530	305	225	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	105	55	50	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,200	1,555	645	20	15	10
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,920	1,430	490	10	10	0
25. Library science	80	10	70	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	165	90	75	10	0	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	30	25	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	6,360	5,655	700	55	55	0
04. Architecture and related services	165	115	50	0	0	0
14. Engineering	2,035	1,645	385	10	15	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,280	1,145	140	0	10	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,175	1,110	60	35	30	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,230	1,175	55	10	10	0
48. Precision production	480	460	15	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	305	175	135	10	0	0
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	260	140	120	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	50	40	10	0	0	10
Health and related fields	4,545	930	3,615	45	15	35
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	145	55	90	10	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs	4,350	860	3,490	40	10	30
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	55	15	40	10	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,555	1,285	1,275	50	20	30
12. Personal and culinary services	1,680	465	1,215	35	10	30
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	450	405	45	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	425	410	15	15	15	0
Other	10	10	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	15	10	10	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	88,660	41,790	46,865	865	380	485
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	45,930	21,140	24,785	320	155	165
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	42,730	20,655	22,075	545	225	315
Location of study inside Canada	31,785	14,765	17,025	460	190	275
Same as province or territory of residence	31,275	14,520	16,760	300	120	185
Different than province or territory of residence	510	240	265	155	65	95
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	10,945	5,895	5,055	80	40	40
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	275	165	110	30	10	25
Philippines	60	10	55	0	0	0
India	30	10	20	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	65	50	15	30	15	15
China^{Census data footnote 162}	135	50	85	0	0	0
France	650	470	180	0	10	0
Other	9,720	5,140	4,585	15	10	10
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	57,045	27,395	29,650	460	215	250
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	22,885	11,125	11,760	155	80	75
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	34,155	16,265	17,890	300	135	170
Location of study inside Canada	24,480	11,170	13,305	245	105	140
Same as province or territory of residence	24,115	10,990	13,130	170	75	100
Different than province or territory of residence	360	185	180	70	30	40
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	9,675	5,090	4,580	60	25	30
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	200	120	80	30	0	20
Philippines	25	0	30	0	0	0
India	30	10	20	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	45	35	10	20	10	10
China^{Census data footnote 162}	115	45	75	0	0	0
France	575	410	165	0	0	0
Other	8,685	4,480	4,210	10	10	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	88,660	41,790	46,865	860	380	485
In the labour force	52,120	27,245	24,870	435	225	210
Employed	45,705	23,820	21,880	385	205	180
Unemployed	6,415	3,425	2,990	50	20	30
Not in the labour force	36,535	14,545	21,990	430	155	275
Participation rate	58.8	65.2	53.1	50.6	59.2	43.3
Employment rate	51.6	57.0	46.7	44.8	53.9	37.1
Unemployment rate	12.3	12.6	12.0	11.5	8.9	14.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	88,655	41,790	46,865	865	380	485
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	37,585	15,155	22,435	375	130	250
Worked	51,070	26,640	24,430	485	255	235
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	21,785	12,175	9,610	200	120	85
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	29,285	14,465	14,825	285	130	150
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.9	41.3	40.4	41.7	42.9	40.5
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	52,120	27,250	24,870	435	225	215
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	3,135	1,535	1,605	10	0	10
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	48,985	25,715	23,270	425	225	205
Employee	44,080	22,370	21,710	315	155	155
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	4,905	3,345	1,560	115	70	45
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	52,120	27,250	24,870	435	225	210
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	3,135	1,535	1,600	10	0	10
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	48,985	25,715	23,270	425	220	200
0 Management occupations	3,335	2,100	1,235	75	40	40
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	8,400	2,980	5,420	60	30	30
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,750	2,280	465	15	10	0
3 Health occupations	3,640	760	2,885	40	20	15
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	4,740	1,055	3,680	20	10	15
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	820	465	355	10	0	10
6 Sales and service occupations	15,255	7,745	7,505	125	35	80
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	5,765	5,510	250	60	60	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	355	290	60	10	0	10
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,925	2,520	1,405	25	15	15
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	52,120	27,245	24,870	435	225	215
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	3,135	1,530	1,600	10	0	10
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	48,985	25,715	23,275	425	220	200
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	215	125	90	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	20	15	0	0	0	0
22 Utilities	125	85	40	0	0	0
23 Construction	1,815	1,660	160	45	45	0
31-33 Manufacturing	6,300	4,265	2,035	40	35	10
41 Wholesale trade	2,490	1,570	925	15	0	10
44-45 Retail trade	6,175	2,915	3,265	65	25	45
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,730	2,210	525	0	0	0
51 Information and cultural industries	1,145	760	385	15	10	10
52 Finance and insurance	2,225	920	1,305	15	10	10
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	845	530	315	10	0	10
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,700	1,560	1,140	50	30	15
55 Management of companies and enterprises	45	20	30	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,940	2,430	1,510	25	15	10
61 Educational services	2,795	820	1,975	20	10	15
62 Health care and social assistance	6,910	1,345	5,565	70	25	40
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	570	300	270	0	0	0
72 Accommodation and food services	3,960	2,185	1,770	30	10	15
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,305	1,115	1,195	20	0	20
91 Public administration	1,675	895	780	15	10	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	45,705	23,825	21,885	385	205	180
Worked at home	1,820	935	885	75	40	35
Worked outside Canada	125	85	40	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	4,930	3,595	1,335	45	45	10
Worked at usual place	38,830	19,205	19,625	260	120	145
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	38,830	19,200	19,630	265	120	140
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	32,685	15,285	17,400	65	25	45
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,175	1,365	810	175	75	100
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	3,880	2,500	1,380	25	25	0
Commute to a different province or territory	90	50	35	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	43,765	22,800	20,960	310	165	150
Car, truck, van - as a driver	25,265	15,630	9,635	240	145	105
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	1,690	485	1,205	25	0	15
Public transit	14,515	5,735	8,770	0	0	0
Walked	1,720	565	1,155	40	10	30
Bicycle	225	180	45	0	0	0
Other method	350	205	150	10	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	43,760	22,800	20,960	310	165	145
Less than 15 minutes	6,565	3,095	3,470	105	50	55
15 to 29 minutes	12,125	6,610	5,515	150	65	80
30 to 44 minutes	11,035	6,350	4,685	25	20	10
45 to 59 minutes	7,300	3,560	3,740	10	0	0
60 minutes and over	6,735	3,180	3,555	25	20	10
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	43,760	22,800	20,960	310	160	150
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,310	2,380	940	25	20	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	8,145	4,705	3,440	50	40	0
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	11,545	5,205	6,345	65	35	30
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,210	3,115	4,095	75	10	60
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,415	2,565	2,845	60	35	30
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	8,130	4,835	3,300	40	15	25
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	53,440	27,795	25,645	505	265	245
Single responses	43,865	22,690	21,175	510	265	245
Official languages	42,885	22,230	20,655	510	265	245
English	8,320	4,420	3,905	510	265	245
French	34,565	17,820	16,745	0	0	0
Non-official languages	980	455	525	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	980	455	525	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	75	40	40	0	0	0
Berber languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Kabyle	10	0	10	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	65	40	25	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	70	40	30	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	260	125	135	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	50	20	35	0	0	0
Vietnamese	210	105	105	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	50	20	35	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	10	0	10	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	45	20	25	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	20	15	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	25	15	10	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	310	120	190	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	25	10	25	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	25	0	25	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	10	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	15	0	10	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	10	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	10	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	260	100	165	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	80	35	45	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	175	60	110	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	225	125	100	0	0	0
Chinese languages	225	120	105	0	0	0
Cantonese	155	95	60	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	50	20	30	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	30	0	25	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	30	10	25	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	9,570	5,100	4,470	0	0	0
English and French	8,175	4,405	3,765	0	0	0
English and non-official language	160	80	85	0	0	0
French and non-official language	505	255	250	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	735	365	365	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	53,435	27,795	25,645	505	265	245
None	31,500	16,020	15,480	485	245	235
English	12,945	7,070	5,870	0	0	0
French	5,430	2,855	2,565	25	20	10
Non-official language	2,415	1,245	1,170	0	0	0
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	2,410	1,250	1,170	0	0	0
English and French	30	15	20	0	0	0
English and non-official language	860	440	425	0	0	0
French and non-official language	265	145	120	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	110,025	52,520	57,500	955	425	525
Non-movers	96,740	45,890	50,845	870	385	490
Movers	13,285	6,630	6,655	85	45	40
Non-migrants	10,210	5,155	5,055	30	10	20
Migrants	3,075	1,470	1,600	55	35	20
Internal migrants	1,200	605	595	55	35	20
Intraprovincial migrants	1,025	520	505	45	25	15
Interprovincial migrants	175	90	85	10	10	0
External migrants	1,870	865	1,005	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	103,015	48,905	54,105	925	410	515
Non-movers	61,640	28,615	33,025	550	235	310
Movers	41,370	20,290	21,075	380	175	200
Non-migrants	29,610	14,545	15,060	145	70	80
Migrants	11,765	5,745	6,020	235	110	125
Internal migrants	2,795	1,420	1,380	215	95	110
Intraprovincial migrants	2,480	1,265	1,220	140	60	80
Interprovincial migrants	315	155	165	65	40	30
External migrants	8,965	4,325	4,640	25	10	10

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 40 referrer

Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 41 referrer

Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 42 referrer

Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Return to footnote 43 referrer

Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 44 referrer

Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 45 referrer

Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Return to footnote 46 referrer

Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Return to footnote 47 referrer

Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 48 referrer

Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Return to footnote 49 referrer

Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 50 referrer

Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 51 referrer

Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Return to footnote 52 referrer

Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 53 referrer

Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 54 referrer

Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Return to footnote 55 referrer

Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Return to footnote 56 referrer

Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Return to footnote 57 referrer

Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Return to footnote 58 referrer

Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Return to footnote 59 referrer

Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Return to footnote 60 referrer

Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Return to footnote 61 referrer

Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Return to footnote 62 referrer

Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Return to footnote 63 referrer

Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Return to footnote 64 referrer

Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Return to footnote 65 referrer

Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Return to footnote 66 referrer

Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Return to footnote 67 referrer

Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 68 referrer

Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Return to footnote 69 referrer

Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Return to footnote 70 referrer

Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Return to footnote 71 referrer

Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 72 referrer

Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Return to footnote 73 referrer

Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Return to footnote 74 referrer

Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Return to footnote 75 referrer

Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Return to footnote 76 referrer

Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Return to footnote 77 referrer

Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Return to footnote 78 referrer

Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 79 referrer

Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Return to footnote 80 referrer

Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Return to footnote 81 referrer

Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 82 referrer

Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Return to footnote 83 referrer

Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Return to footnote 84 referrer

Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 85 referrer

Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Return to footnote 86 referrer

Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 87 referrer

Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 88 referrer

Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 89 referrer

Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 90 referrer

Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 91 referrer

Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 92 referrer

Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 93 referrer

Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Return to footnote 94 referrer

Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 95 referrer

Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Return to footnote 96 referrer

Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Return to footnote 97 referrer

Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Return to footnote 98 referrer

Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Return to footnote 99 referrer

Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Return to footnote 100 referrer

Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Return to footnote 101 referrer

Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Return to footnote 102 referrer

Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 103 referrer

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Return to footnote 104 referrer

Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Return to footnote 105 referrer

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Return to footnote 106 referrer

Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Return to footnote 107 referrer

Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 108 referrer

Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Return to footnote 109 referrer

Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 110 referrer

Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Return to footnote 111 referrer

Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 112 referrer

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Return to footnote 113 referrer

Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 114 referrer

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Return to footnote 115 referrer

Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Return to footnote 116 referrer

Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Return to footnote 117 referrer

Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Return to footnote 118 referrer

Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 119 referrer

Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Return to footnote 120 referrer

Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 121 referrer

Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Return to footnote 122 referrer

Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 123 referrer

Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Return to footnote 124 referrer

Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Return to footnote 125 referrer

Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Return to footnote 126 referrer

Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Return to footnote 127 referrer

Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 128 referrer

Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Return to footnote 129 referrer

Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

Return to footnote 130 referrer

Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

Return to footnote 131 referrer

Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

Return to footnote 132 referrer

Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

Return to footnote 133 referrer

Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

Return to footnote 134 referrer

Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

Return to footnote 135 referrer

Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

Return to footnote 136 referrer

Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 137 referrer

Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

Return to footnote 138 referrer

Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

Return to footnote 139 referrer

Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

Return to footnote 140 referrer

Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

Return to footnote 141 referrer

Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

Return to footnote 142 referrer

Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

Return to footnote 143 referrer

Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

Return to footnote 144 referrer

Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

Return to footnote 145 referrer

Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Return to footnote 146 referrer

Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Return to footnote 147 referrer

Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Return to footnote 148 referrer

Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Return to footnote 149 referrer

Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Return to footnote 150 referrer

Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Return to footnote 151 referrer

Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Return to footnote 152 referrer

Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Return to footnote 153 referrer

Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Return to footnote 154 referrer

Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Return to footnote 155 referrer

Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Return to footnote 156 referrer

Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Return to footnote 157 referrer

Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Return to footnote 158 referrer

Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Return to footnote 159 referrer

Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Return to footnote 160 referrer

Footnote 161

Return to footnote 161 referrer

Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Return to footnote 162 referrer

Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Return to footnote 163 referrer

Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Return to footnote 164 referrer

Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Return to footnote 165 referrer

Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Return to footnote 166 referrer

Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Return to footnote 167 referrer

Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

Return to footnote 168 referrer

Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

Return to footnote 169 referrer

Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

Return to footnote 170 referrer

Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

Return to footnote 171 referrer

Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Return to footnote 172 referrer

Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

Return to footnote 173 referrer

Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Return to footnote 174 referrer

Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Return to footnote 175 referrer

Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Return to footnote 176 referrer

Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Return to footnote 177 referrer

Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

Return to footnote 178 referrer

Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 179 referrer

Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 180 referrer

Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 181 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Saint-Léonard--Saint-Michel [Federal electoral district], Quebec and Mahone Bay, T [Census subdivision], Nova Scotia (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 2, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Saint-Léonard--Saint-Michel [Federal electoral district], Quebec and Mahone Bay, Town [Census subdivision], Nova Scotia

Census Profile, 2016 Census Saint-Léonard--Saint-Michel [Federal electoral district], Quebec and Mahone Bay, Town [Census subdivision], Nova Scotia

Source

How to cite

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Saint-Léonard--Saint-Michel [Federal electoral district], Quebec and Mahone Bay, Town [Census subdivision], Nova Scotia