Census Profile, 2016 Census
Estrie [Economic region], Quebec and Nova Scotia [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Estrie Quebec [Economic region]			Nova Scotia [Province]
	Data quality , Estrie [Economic region], Quebec Map : Estrie [Economic region], Quebec Change geography 1			Data quality : Nova Scotia [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	319,004	...	...	923,598	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	310,684 ^r	...	...	921,727	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	2.7	...	...	0.2	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	164,784	...	...	458,568	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	142,875	...	...	401,990	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	31.2	...	...	17.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	10,212.00	...	...	52,942.27	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	319,005	158,050	160,950	923,600	446,885	476,715
0 to 14 years	51,140	26,585	24,550	133,825	68,370	65,455
0 to 4 years	16,580	8,630	7,950	42,005	21,365	20,640
5 to 9 years	18,035	9,290	8,740	45,980	23,650	22,330
10 to 14 years	16,525	8,660	7,860	45,845	23,350	22,490
15 to 64 years	201,760	101,120	100,645	605,950	295,100	310,845
15 to 19 years	17,100	8,795	8,310	51,255	26,240	25,015
20 to 24 years	19,775	10,030	9,740	56,160	28,150	28,010
25 to 29 years	17,975	9,100	8,875	53,725	26,790	26,940
30 to 34 years	18,210	9,290	8,920	51,730	25,130	26,600
35 to 39 years	19,555	9,880	9,675	52,010	24,560	27,450
40 to 44 years	17,585	8,705	8,875	57,050	27,245	29,805
45 to 49 years	18,545	9,400	9,150	61,890	29,720	32,170
50 to 54 years	23,245	11,400	11,845	75,675	36,615	39,065
55 to 59 years	25,260	12,370	12,895	76,505	36,925	39,580
60 to 64 years	24,505	12,150	12,360	69,960	33,735	36,225
65 years and over	66,105	30,350	35,755	183,820	83,415	100,405
65 to 69 years	22,220	11,000	11,220	63,710	30,810	32,905
70 to 74 years	16,930	8,305	8,625	45,005	21,520	23,485
75 to 79 years	10,835	5,005	5,830	31,545	14,520	17,030
80 to 84 years	7,800	3,365	4,435	21,915	9,425	12,495
85 years and over	8,330	2,680	5,650	21,645	7,140	14,505
85 to 89 years	5,085	1,875	3,210	13,205	4,845	8,360
90 to 94 years	2,515	665	1,845	6,320	1,830	4,485
95 to 99 years	665	130	530	1,855	415	1,430
100 years and over	70	10	65	270	45	225
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.0	16.8	15.3	14.5	15.3	13.7
15 to 64 years	63.2	64.0	62.5	65.6	66.0	65.2
65 years and over	20.7	19.2	22.2	19.9	18.7	21.1
85 years and over	2.6	1.7	3.5	2.3	1.6	3.0
Average age of the population	43.0	42.0	44.1	43.5	42.5	44.4
Median age of the population	44.5	43.0	45.9	45.5	44.5	46.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	142,875	...	...	401,990	...	...
Single-detached house	78,205	...	...	263,470	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	2,005	...	...	21,350	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	61,680	...	...	102,300	...	...
Semi-detached house	5,280	...	...	20,465	...	...
Row house	2,775	...	...	10,215	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	9,100	...	...	12,435	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	43,855	...	...	58,405	...	...
Other single-attached house	665	...	...	780	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	985	...	...	14,870	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	142,875	...	...	401,990	...	...
1 person	49,640	...	...	118,670	...	...
2 persons	53,735	...	...	156,825	...	...
3 persons	16,800	...	...	60,250	...	...
4 persons	14,745	...	...	44,970	...	...
5 or more persons	7,965	...	...	21,275	...	...
Number of persons in private households	310,010	...	...	908,340	...	...
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	267,865	131,465	136,400	789,770	378,515	411,255
Married or living common law	154,125	77,005	77,115	454,970	227,220	227,750
Married	87,595	43,800	43,800	369,695	184,705	184,990
Living common law	66,530	33,210	33,320	85,275	42,515	42,760
Not married and not living common law	113,745	54,460	59,285	334,800	151,295	183,505
Never married	73,885	40,375	33,505	209,455	110,175	99,280
Separated	3,265	1,620	1,645	24,105	10,450	13,655
Divorced	20,815	9,010	11,805	48,835	19,715	29,115
Widowed	15,785	3,455	12,330	52,405	10,955	41,455
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	88,945	...	...	270,965	...	...
2 persons	51,940	...	...	157,600	...	...
3 persons	15,805	...	...	56,625	...	...
4 persons	14,190	...	...	41,095	...	...
5 or more persons	7,005	...	...	15,645	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	88,945	...	...	270,965	...	...
Total couple families	75,625	...	...	224,065	...	...
Married couples	42,385	...	...	181,435	...	...
Common-law couples	33,235	...	...	42,630	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	13,325	...	...	46,900	...	...
Female parent	9,450	...	...	37,595	...	...
Male parent	3,880	...	...	9,305	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	75,620	...	...	224,065	...	...
Couples without children	44,010	...	...	128,125	...	...
Couples with children	31,610	...	...	95,940	...	...
1 child	11,840	...	...	43,810	...	...
2 children	13,070	...	...	37,595	...	...
3 or more children	6,705	...	...	14,535	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	13,325	...	...	46,900	...	...
1 child	7,935	...	...	29,480	...	...
2 children	3,965	...	...	12,810	...	...
3 or more children	1,425	...	...	4,610	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	64,220	32,035	32,190	175,575	81,140	94,435
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	142,875	...	...	401,990	...	...
One-census-family households	87,550	...	...	260,280	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	43,415	...	...	124,000	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	44,135	...	...	136,280	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	690	...	...	5,285	...	...
Non-census-family households	54,635	...	...	136,425	...	...
One-person households	49,640	...	...	118,675	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	5,000	...	...	17,750	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	315,010	156,545	158,470	912,300	442,470	469,830
English only	6,685	3,295	3,390	813,480	398,950	414,530
French only	179,590	84,580	95,010	705	305	400
English and French	127,565	68,125	59,445	95,380	41,925	53,460
Neither English nor French	1,170	545	625	2,735	1,295	1,440
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	315,015	156,545	158,465	912,295	442,470	469,830
English	21,745	10,920	10,825	879,465	426,535	452,930
French	289,040	143,420	145,620	28,490	13,890	14,600
English and French	3,110	1,695	1,415	1,760	825	930
Neither English nor French	1,115	515	605	2,585	1,215	1,365
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	23,300	11,770	11,535	29,370	14,300	15,070
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	7.4	7.5	7.3	3.2	3.2	3.2
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	315,010	156,545	158,465	912,295	442,470	469,830
Single responses	311,405	154,720	156,680	904,240	438,550	465,690
Official languages	299,345	148,690	150,655	859,690	416,245	443,445
English	19,645	9,860	9,785	830,220	401,980	428,240
French	279,700	138,825	140,870	29,465	14,265	15,205
Non-official languages	12,055	6,035	6,020	44,550	22,305	22,245
Aboriginal languages	20	5	10	4,290	2,020	2,270
Algonquian languages	10	5	5	4,210	1,985	2,225
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	5	5	15	10	5
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	5	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	5	5	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	5	5	5	5	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	4,190	1,975	2,215
Malecite	0	0	0	10	5	5
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	4,185	1,970	2,215
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Algonquin	5	5	5	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	10	0	10
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	5	0	0	5	5	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	5	5	5
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	5	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	5	0	0	60	30	35
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Inuktitut	5	0	0	55	30	30
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	10	0	5
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	5	0	5	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	5	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	12,040	6,025	6,015	40,260	20,285	19,975
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,040	1,105	940	7,760	4,275	3,480
Berber languages	150	90	65	10	10	0
Kabyle	100	60	40	5	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	45	35	15	5	5	0
Cushitic languages	10	10	5	130	65	65
Bilen	0	0	0	5	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	60	30	25
Somali	10	5	5	50	20	30
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5
Semitic languages	1,840	985	850	7,615	4,205	3,415
Amharic	5	0	5	115	50	65
Arabic	1,790	965	825	7,110	3,950	3,165
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	5	5	5	5	5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	5
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	0	10	210	115	95
Maltese	0	0	0	15	10	5
Tigrigna	0	0	0	140	65	80
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	10	5	10
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	5	0	5
Austro-Asiatic languages	265	120	145	505	245	260
Khmer (Cambodian)	60	25	35	5	5	5
Vietnamese	195	85	105	490	240	250
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5	0	5	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	95	25	75	2,235	940	1,300
Bikol	0	0	0	5	5	5
Cebuano	10	5	10	150	60	90
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	25	10	15
Ilocano	0	0	0	55	15	40
Malagasy	20	10	10	0	5	0
Malay	5	0	5	55	25	35
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	15	5	5
Pangasinan	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	45	10	40	1,905	810	1,090
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	5	0	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	15
Creole languages	155	70	85	95	60	35
Haitian Creole	10	5	5	5	5	0
Creole, n.o.s.	140	60	80	35	20	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	55	35	20
Dravidian languages	30	20	15	1,010	595	420
Kannada	5	0	5	40	20	15
Malayalam	10	5	5	365	205	165
Tamil	15	10	5	315	185	130
Telugu	5	5	5	285	180	110
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	7,685	3,840	3,845	18,590	9,320	9,270
Albanian	25	10	15	275	130	140
Armenian	20	15	10	35	30	10
Balto-Slavic languages	1,575	755	820	3,470	1,645	1,830
Baltic languages	10	5	0	100	35	60
Latvian	5	0	5	50	20	30
Lithuanian	5	5	5	45	15	30
Slavic languages	1,565	750	815	3,375	1,610	1,765
Belarusan	0	0	0	5	5	5
Bosnian	205	105	105	120	60	65
Bulgarian	30	15	15	55	25	30
Croatian	55	20	35	225	105	115
Czech	25	15	10	205	105	100
Macedonian	5	5	0	20	10	15
Polish	205	90	115	795	365	435
Russian	200	75	120	1,285	615	670
Serbian	400	210	185	115	60	65
Serbo-Croatian	355	180	180	80	40	40
Slovak	25	10	15	100	45	55
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	0	35	15	15
Ukrainian	50	20	25	320	155	170
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	5	5	5
Celtic languages	0	5	0	185	80	100
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	145	65	85
Welsh	0	0	0	30	10	15
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Germanic languages	640	310	330	5,700	2,800	2,900
Afrikaans	0	0	0	120	55	60
Danish	15	5	15	160	105	60
Dutch	115	50	65	1,620	815	805
Frisian	0	0	0	35	20	15
German	465	235	235	3,435	1,645	1,790
Icelandic	0	0	0	45	20	20
Norwegian	5	5	0	110	60	50
Swedish	10	0	5	110	45	65
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	5	10	25	10	10
Yiddish	5	0	0	20	10	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	20	5	15
Greek	85	55	30	760	390	365
Indo-Iranian languages	1,610	820	790	4,835	2,650	2,190
Indo-Aryan languages	270	130	135	3,385	1,895	1,490
Bengali	15	10	5	475	290	185
Gujarati	10	5	5	195	125	70
Hindi	10	5	5	745	445	300
Kashmiri	0	0	0	10	5	5
Konkani	0	0	0	5	5	5
Marathi	10	0	5	70	35	35
Nepali	185	90	95	530	255	275
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	10	5	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	10	5	585	310	270
Sindhi	0	0	0	20	10	5
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	5	165	85	85
Urdu	20	15	10	575	330	245
Iranian languages	1,335	690	645	1,425	740	690
Kurdish	30	15	15	115	65	50
Pashto	50	30	25	80	45	35
Persian (Farsi)	1,260	650	610	1,230	630	605
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	25	10	15
Italic (Romance) languages	3,735	1,875	1,860	3,335	1,605	1,730
Catalan	15	10	5	10	5	5
Italian	275	175	100	745	400	340
Portuguese	265	130	135	520	245	270
Romanian	205	100	105	225	110	120
Spanish	2,980	1,460	1,515	1,830	840	985
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Japanese	50	15	35	360	100	260
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	5	0	0
Korean	40	15	20	1,095	475	620
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	5	0
Niger-Congo languages	1,000	495	505	630	325	305
Akan (Twi)	0	5	0	40	25	25
Bamanankan	25	10	10	15	5	5
Edo	0	0	0	5	0	5
Ewe	25	5	15	40	25	10
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	10	0	5	5	0
Ga	0	0	0	10	5	5
Ganda	0	0	0	20	5	15
Igbo	5	0	0	45	20	20
Lingala	55	30	25	5	0	5
Rundi (Kirundi)	175	85	85	20	10	5
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	115	50	60	50	15	30
Shona	0	0	0	30	15	15
Swahili	205	95	110	135	65	70
Wolof	95	60	35	10	10	0
Yoruba	5	0	0	65	35	30
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	300	140	160	140	75	70
Nilo-Saharan languages	40	15	25	75	40	40
Dinka	5	0	0	20	10	10
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	40	15	25	55	25	25
Sign languages	40	20	20	190	90	100
American Sign Language	0	0	0	85	40	50
Quebec Sign Language	15	10	5	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	20	10	10	105	50	55
Sino-Tibetan languages	420	195	225	6,665	3,335	3,330
Chinese languages	420	195	220	6,635	3,320	3,315
Cantonese	65	30	35	1,145	535	610
Hakka	0	0	0	20	5	15
Mandarin	300	145	155	4,640	2,325	2,315
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	120	50	70
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	5	50	30	20
Chinese, n.o.s.	45	20	20	645	365	280
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	5	5	15	5	10
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	30	15	20
Burmese	0	0	0	15	5	10
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	5	0	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Tai-Kadai languages	45	15	30	155	55	100
Lao	25	15	15	10	0	5
Thai	20	5	15	150	50	100
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	60	30	25	445	240	205
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	10	10	5
Turkish	55	30	20	305	165	140
Uyghur	0	0	0	5	5	5
Uzbek	5	0	5	110	60	50
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Uralic languages	60	35	20	415	180	235
Estonian	5	0	5	40	20	25
Finnish	10	0	0	95	30	60
Hungarian	50	30	20	275	130	150
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	25	10	15
Multiple responses	3,610	1,820	1,785	8,060	3,920	4,140
English and French	2,520	1,270	1,250	3,445	1,600	1,850
English and non-official language	165	80	85	4,180	2,110	2,070
French and non-official language	815	410	400	225	115	105
English, French and non-official language	110	60	50	210	90	120
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	315,010	156,545	158,470	912,300	442,470	469,830
Single responses	309,865	154,010	155,855	900,755	436,755	464,000
Official languages	303,025	150,550	152,475	878,015	425,220	452,795
English	19,560	9,770	9,785	863,550	418,315	445,240
French	283,465	140,775	142,690	14,460	6,910	7,560
Non-official languages	6,845	3,465	3,380	22,740	11,540	11,205
Aboriginal languages	5	0	0	2,570	1,285	1,295
Algonquian languages	5	5	0	2,565	1,280	1,285
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	5	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	2,560	1,280	1,280
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	2,560	1,275	1,280
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	5	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	5	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	5	0	5
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	6,840	3,460	3,380	20,170	10,255	9,915
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,040	540	500	4,630	2,450	2,180
Berber languages	40	25	15	0	0	0
Kabyle	30	15	10	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	5	5	5	85	40	45
Bilen	0	0	0	5	0	5
Oromo	0	0	0	45	20	25
Somali	10	5	5	25	10	15
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	5
Semitic languages	975	505	470	4,540	2,405	2,130
Amharic	0	0	0	55	25	30
Arabic	940	490	450	4,260	2,270	1,990
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	5	5	0	5	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	5	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	125	70	55
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	95	40	55
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	20	5	5	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	155	70	85	330	160	165
Khmer (Cambodian)	30	15	20	0	0	0
Vietnamese	120	55	60	330	165	170
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	10	0	5	1,140	550	585
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	5	55	20	35
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	5	5	5
Ilocano	0	0	0	15	5	5
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	5	1,065	520	545
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	50	30	20	35	20	20
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	50	30	20	15	5	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15
Dravidian languages	15	10	5	425	240	185
Kannada	10	5	5	15	5	10
Malayalam	0	5	0	140	75	60
Tamil	0	5	0	140	80	60
Telugu	0	0	0	125	80	50
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	4,735	2,385	2,350	7,410	3,715	3,690
Albanian	10	5	5	110	60	55
Armenian	5	5	5	15	10	10
Balto-Slavic languages	925	450	480	1,405	680	720
Baltic languages	0	0	5	30	10	15
Latvian	0	0	0	10	5	10
Lithuanian	5	0	5	15	5	10
Slavic languages	925	450	470	1,375	675	700
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	110	55	55	65	30	30
Bulgarian	15	5	10	25	15	10
Croatian	30	10	15	65	25	40
Czech	15	5	5	45	25	20
Macedonian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	90	45	50	235	105	125
Russian	115	50	65	785	385	390
Serbian	295	155	145	60	25	35
Serbo-Croatian	225	110	110	30	15	10
Slovak	10	5	5	20	10	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	15	5	10	55	30	20
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	5	5	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	60	35	30
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	60	35	30
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Germanic languages	140	60	80	1,490	725	760
Afrikaans	0	0	0	30	15	15
Danish	0	0	0	15	0	15
Dutch	10	0	10	135	70	70
Frisian	0	0	0	5	0	0
German	130	55	70	1,225	600	625
Icelandic	0	0	0	30	10	15
Norwegian	0	0	0	20	5	10
Swedish	0	0	0	15	5	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	5	5	5	5
Yiddish	5	0	5	5	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	10
Greek	35	20	15	270	135	130
Indo-Iranian languages	1,270	645	625	2,815	1,475	1,335
Indo-Aryan languages	205	105	100	1,850	995	860
Bengali	5	0	0	250	135	115
Gujarati	0	0	0	100	60	35
Hindi	5	0	5	310	190	120
Kashmiri	0	0	0	5	5	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	5	5	30	15	15
Nepali	170	85	85	475	235	240
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	5	5	250	125	125
Sindhi	0	0	0	5	5	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	0	95	45	50
Urdu	5	5	5	340	175	165
Iranian languages	1,065	545	525	960	475	480
Kurdish	15	10	5	85	50	40
Pashto	25	15	10	45	20	20
Persian (Farsi)	1,025	515	510	825	405	420
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,335	1,190	1,145	1,240	595	645
Catalan	10	5	0	5	0	0
Italian	50	20	30	165	70	85
Portuguese	175	85	85	195	90	105
Romanian	105	55	50	70	35	35
Spanish	2,000	1,020	980	810	390	420
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Japanese	25	10	15	110	35	70
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	30	15	15	710	330	385
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	370	175	190	165	80	85
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Bamanankan	5	5	5	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	15	5	10	15	5	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	5	0	5
Igbo	0	0	0	15	5	5
Lingala	25	15	10	0	5	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	70	30	35	10	5	5
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	10	10	15	10	10
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	100	50	50	60	30	35
Wolof	20	20	10	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	20	10	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	110	45	60	10	5	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	25	15	10	35	20	20
Dinka	0	0	0	10	5	10
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	25	10	15
Sign languages	50	30	20	285	145	140
American Sign Language	0	0	0	110	55	60
Quebec Sign Language	10	10	5	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	40	20	20	175	90	80
Sino-Tibetan languages	280	145	140	4,550	2,345	2,200
Chinese languages	280	145	140	4,545	2,345	2,200
Cantonese	25	15	10	640	335	310
Hakka	0	0	0	5	0	0
Mandarin	230	110	120	3,410	1,740	1,675
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	45	25	25
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	0	25	10	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	20	10	415	235	180
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	10	55	20	35
Lao	5	0	5	0	0	0
Thai	5	5	0	55	15	35
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	35	20	15	215	110	105
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	5	5	0
Turkish	35	20	15	140	70	75
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	5	0	0	70	40	30
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Uralic languages	10	5	10	75	35	40
Estonian	0	0	0	5	5	5
Finnish	0	0	0	15	10	5
Hungarian	10	0	10	55	25	30
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Multiple responses	5,145	2,535	2,610	11,540	5,715	5,825
English and French	2,620	1,310	1,310	2,180	995	1,185
English and non-official language	250	125	130	8,970	4,515	4,450
French and non-official language	1,950	925	1,025	75	40	30
English, French and non-official language	325	175	150	315	155	160
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	315,010	156,545	158,465	912,295	442,470	469,825
None	284,180	140,805	143,375	861,780	418,525	443,260
English	17,615	9,125	8,490	17,005	8,480	8,525
French	8,610	4,325	4,285	16,390	7,210	9,175
Non-official language	3,625	1,805	1,820	16,275	7,850	8,420
Aboriginal	15	10	5	2,135	930	1,205
Non-Aboriginal	3,610	1,800	1,815	14,135	6,920	7,220
English and French	360	185	170	150	70	80
English and non-official language	475	230	245	220	105	115
French and non-official language	140	60	75	470	230	245
English, French and non-official language	10	10	5	5	5	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	259,015	128,345	130,675	774,750	372,455	402,290
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	251,420	124,820	126,605	744,260	358,055	386,205
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,759	35,152	26,747	31,813	38,379	26,750
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	251,495	124,825	126,670	744,545	358,085	386,455
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	27,800	31,038	24,733	28,627	33,642	24,590
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	222,965	112,985	109,985	648,960	320,380	328,580
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	27,154	32,219	22,668	29,938	36,363	24,497
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	199,980	94,945	105,035	554,985	243,860	311,130
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,095	7,143	8,764	7,438	8,175	6,961
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	176,030	92,150	83,880	523,020	264,375	258,645
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,103	32,081	24,638	29,979	35,676	25,405
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	259,025	128,335	130,690	774,750	372,455	402,295
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	251,465	124,790	126,680	744,275	357,820	386,455
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,297	43,029	33,635	41,479	49,413	34,132
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	251,520	124,790	126,730	744,560	357,855	386,710
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,087	35,342	28,880	34,175	39,776	28,993
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	223,100	113,225	109,880	648,910	320,370	328,540
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,131	40,413	29,688	40,299	48,457	32,345
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	199,910	94,900	105,005	555,740	243,445	312,295
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,967	8,366	9,511	8,495	8,859	8,211
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	176,035	92,085	83,950	523,020	264,475	258,545
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,074	38,986	30,783	39,522	46,606	32,275
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	259,025	128,335	130,690	774,750	372,455	402,295
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	75,255	41,505	33,745	245,425	131,095	114,325
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	41,631	45,116	38,350	47,665	53,785	42,236
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	48,832	52,761	44,000	56,820	63,886	48,717
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	81.6	85.5	76.5	84.6	87.7	80.7
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	63.9	66.6	60.5	66.9	69.7	63.3
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	18.4	14.5	23.5	15.4	12.3	19.3
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	259,015	128,345	130,675	774,750	372,455	402,295
Without total income	7,590	3,525	4,070	30,485	14,395	16,090
With total income	251,425	124,815	126,605	744,265	358,060	386,205
Percentage with total income	97.1	97.2	96.9	96.1	96.1	96.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	28,805	12,690	16,115	104,125	43,575	60,545
$10,000 to $19,999	51,015	20,800	30,215	134,355	50,310	84,050
$20,000 to $29,999	43,115	19,645	23,470	114,855	47,195	67,660
$30,000 to $39,999	36,475	18,310	18,165	98,325	45,040	53,280
$40,000 to $49,999	30,545	15,985	14,565	79,435	39,605	39,830
$50,000 to $59,999	20,425	11,650	8,775	57,255	32,255	25,000
$60,000 to $69,999	13,165	7,805	5,355	41,715	25,830	15,885
$70,000 to $79,999	9,320	5,435	3,880	33,195	19,945	13,250
$80,000 to $89,999	5,805	3,660	2,150	25,500	14,900	10,605
$90,000 to $99,999	3,445	2,295	1,150	15,530	10,095	5,435
$100,000 and over	9,305	6,540	2,765	39,965	29,300	10,665
$100,000 to $149,999	6,230	4,285	1,945	28,130	20,205	7,925
$150,000 and over	3,080	2,255	820	11,835	9,095	2,745
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	259,020	128,345	130,670	774,750	372,455	402,295
Without after-tax income	7,525	3,515	4,005	30,205	14,370	15,840
With after-tax income	251,495	124,825	126,670	744,540	358,085	386,455
Percentage with after-tax income	97.1	97.3	96.9	96.1	96.1	96.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	30,070	13,000	17,070	108,630	44,435	64,195
$10,000 to $19,999	53,690	22,025	31,665	142,975	54,160	88,815
$20,000 to $29,999	52,435	24,745	27,690	138,435	58,900	79,535
$30,000 to $39,999	45,885	23,960	21,925	119,130	56,990	62,145
$40,000 to $49,999	30,060	16,790	13,270	84,245	46,675	37,565
$50,000 to $59,999	17,060	9,905	7,155	56,235	34,590	21,645
$60,000 to $69,999	9,705	5,780	3,920	39,320	23,195	16,125
$70,000 to $79,999	4,675	3,070	1,605	21,210	13,950	7,260
$80,000 and over	7,925	5,545	2,380	34,360	25,185	9,170
$80,000 to $89,999	2,490	1,685	805	11,615	8,185	3,430
$90,000 to $99,999	1,500	1,040	460	6,825	4,950	1,875
$100,000 and over	3,930	2,820	1,115	15,915	12,050	3,860
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	259,015	128,340	130,675	774,745	372,455	402,295
Without employment income	82,985	36,195	46,790	251,730	108,080	143,650
With employment income	176,030	92,150	83,885	523,020	264,370	258,640
Percentage with employment income	68.0	71.8	64.2	67.5	71.0	64.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	25,600	13,385	12,210	72,940	34,125	38,820
$5,000 to $9,999	14,900	6,630	8,275	45,820	19,475	26,350
$10,000 to $19,999	27,465	12,375	15,090	76,685	33,555	43,130
$20,000 to $29,999	24,505	11,350	13,155	66,155	29,385	36,770
$30,000 to $39,999	23,595	11,890	11,705	60,485	27,455	33,035
$40,000 to $49,999	18,680	10,290	8,395	49,395	24,470	24,925
$50,000 to $59,999	12,860	7,900	4,960	37,685	21,735	15,955
$60,000 to $69,999	8,515	5,225	3,290	28,695	17,955	10,740
$70,000 to $79,999	7,005	4,070	2,930	24,970	14,750	10,220
$80,000 and over	12,910	9,040	3,870	60,175	41,470	18,705
$80,000 to $89,999	4,085	2,790	1,295	20,175	11,645	8,535
$90,000 to $99,999	2,505	1,700	810	11,685	7,975	3,715
$100,000 and over	6,325	4,560	1,765	28,310	21,850	6,460
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	142,875	...	...	401,990	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	53,336	...	...	60,764	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	47,396	...	...	53,129	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	49,640	...	...	118,670	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	27,363	...	...	30,377	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	25,462	...	...	27,511	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	93,240	...	...	283,320	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	71,212	...	...	77,136	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	62,234	...	...	66,538	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	142,875	...	...	401,990	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	67,404	...	...	76,797	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	56,486	...	...	63,299	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	49,520	...	...	118,705	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	35,256	...	...	39,601	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	30,000	...	...	32,962	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	93,355	...	...	283,285	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	84,459	...	...	92,383	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	70,537	...	...	76,011	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	142,875	...	...	401,990	...	...
Under $5,000	1,560	...	...	6,830	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	2,515	...	...	7,755	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	6,205	...	...	12,330	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	8,380	...	...	20,155	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	8,670	...	...	20,210	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	6,950	...	...	18,700	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	8,690	...	...	21,645	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	8,515	...	...	19,995	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	8,080	...	...	19,285	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	7,335	...	...	18,235	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	12,935	...	...	33,450	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	11,340	...	...	30,470	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	9,750	...	...	27,755	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	8,165	...	...	24,340	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	6,640	...	...	20,240	...	...
$100,000 and over	27,145	...	...	100,600	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	11,685	...	...	38,090	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	6,590	...	...	24,330	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,345	...	...	23,445	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,525	...	...	14,730	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	142,875	...	...	401,990	...	...
Under $5,000	1,670	...	...	7,145	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	2,560	...	...	7,885	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	6,285	...	...	12,545	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	8,815	...	...	21,370	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	9,790	...	...	23,030	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	8,370	...	...	22,365	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	10,700	...	...	25,495	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	10,010	...	...	23,945	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	9,045	...	...	22,630	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	8,470	...	...	21,635	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	15,040	...	...	40,585	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	12,450	...	...	35,920	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	9,950	...	...	29,795	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	7,725	...	...	24,160	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	5,905	...	...	19,275	...	...
$100,000 and over	16,095	...	...	64,210	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	8,690	...	...	31,985	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,630	...	...	15,940	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,775	...	...	16,280	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	89,410	...	...	269,560	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	72,139	...	...	77,529	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	62,774	...	...	66,728	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	42,810	...	...	121,200	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	64,177	...	...	71,495	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	56,075	...	...	61,883	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	31,765	...	...	97,460	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	97,451	...	...	104,981	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	83,251	...	...	88,099	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.0	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	12,975	...	...	43,560	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	48,929	...	...	45,597	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	45,048	...	...	42,309	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	89,410	...	...	269,510	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	85,467	...	...	93,027	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	71,202	...	...	76,371	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	42,810	...	...	121,285	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	77,658	...	...	85,511	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	64,462	...	...	70,143	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	31,875	...	...	97,490	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	108,853	...	...	119,890	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	89,818	...	...	97,021	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,875	...	...	43,470	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	55,576	...	...	54,587	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	48,766	...	...	47,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	59,725	29,890	29,840	157,715	73,825	83,890
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	25,549	27,536	24,173	28,180	30,235	26,673
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	24,171	25,337	23,205	25,848	27,176	24,859
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	59,605	29,690	29,910	157,410	73,440	83,970
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	33,360	35,100	31,634	36,847	38,945	35,012
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	28,589	29,591	27,595	30,893	31,946	29,973
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	310,010	154,840	155,175	908,340	440,700	467,640
In the bottom half of the distribution	198,270	97,430	100,840	519,830	244,725	275,105
In the bottom decile	31,435	15,715	15,715	105,810	49,730	56,080
In the second decile	40,730	18,825	21,905	112,825	49,900	62,920
In the third decile	44,980	21,990	22,985	102,515	48,345	54,175
In the fourth decile	42,705	21,350	21,355	100,645	48,515	52,130
In the fifth decile	38,430	19,545	18,880	98,030	48,235	49,800
In the top half of the distribution	111,740	57,410	54,330	388,510	195,975	192,540
In the sixth decile	34,025	17,505	16,525	94,350	47,240	47,110
In the seventh decile	28,560	14,570	13,990	89,765	45,260	44,505
In the eighth decile	21,985	11,295	10,695	83,140	41,815	41,330
In the ninth decile	15,515	8,045	7,470	69,850	35,450	34,400
In the top decile	11,650	5,995	5,655	51,410	26,210	25,195
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	310,015	154,840	155,175	898,345	435,895	462,450
0 to 17 years	60,990	31,675	29,315	159,820	81,670	78,150
0 to 5 years	20,145	10,510	9,635	49,595	25,280	24,310
18 to 64 years	190,065	94,870	95,190	565,395	274,120	291,275
65 years and over	58,955	28,290	30,670	173,125	80,100	93,025
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	50,665	23,960	26,710	154,955	70,415	84,540
0 to 17 years	9,210	4,790	4,420	35,525	18,145	17,380
0 to 5 years	2,930	1,525	1,400	12,740	6,470	6,275
18 to 64 years	29,745	14,620	15,125	88,355	40,375	47,985
65 years and over	11,710	4,545	7,165	31,075	11,890	19,185
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	16.3	15.5	17.2	17.2	16.2	18.3
0 to 17 years (%)	15.1	15.1	15.1	22.2	22.2	22.2
0 to 5 years (%)	14.5	14.5	14.5	25.7	25.6	25.8
18 to 64 years (%)	15.6	15.4	15.9	15.6	14.7	16.5
65 years and over (%)	19.9	16.1	23.4	17.9	14.8	20.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	22,835	11,700	11,135	70,745	34,290	36,460
0 to 17 years	3,610	1,830	1,785	15,285	7,805	7,485
0 to 5 years	1,130	570	560	5,645	2,870	2,775
18 to 64 years	17,955	9,320	8,635	52,220	25,185	27,030
65 years and over	1,280	555	725	3,240	1,295	1,945
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	7.4	7.6	7.2	7.9	7.9	7.9
0 to 17 years (%)	5.9	5.8	6.1	9.6	9.6	9.6
0 to 5 years (%)	5.6	5.4	5.8	11.4	11.4	11.4
18 to 64 years (%)	9.4	9.8	9.1	9.2	9.2	9.3
65 years and over (%)	2.2	2.0	2.4	1.9	1.6	2.1
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	310,015	154,840	155,175	908,340	440,730	467,605
Official languages	308,815	154,305	154,510	905,700	439,525	466,180
English	132,885	71,195	61,690	905,020	439,215	465,805
French	302,215	151,075	151,145	95,740	42,150	53,585
Non-official languages	23,100	11,175	11,920	64,100	31,380	32,725
Aboriginal languages	25	20	0	5,645	2,685	2,960
Algonquian languages	10	10	0	5,575	2,635	2,935
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	20	15	10
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	10	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5,550	2,625	2,920
Malecite	0	0	0	10	0	10
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	5,540	2,625	2,920
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	10	0	10	0	10
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	10	0	0	10	0	10
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	15	15	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	10	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	10
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	10	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	10	10	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	20	10	10	35	25	15
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	15	10	0	30	15	10
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Iroquoian languages	10	0	10	10	10	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	10	10	10	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	10	0	10
Salish languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	23,075	11,160	11,910	58,490	28,715	29,770
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,685	1,395	1,290	10,730	5,745	4,985
Berber languages	260	170	90	25	15	15
Kabyle	170	115	55	25	15	15
Berber languages, n.i.e.	90	55	30	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	155	65	95
Bilen	0	0	0	20	15	10
Oromo	0	0	0	40	15	20
Somali	0	0	0	75	25	55
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10
Semitic languages	2,590	1,330	1,265	10,635	5,715	4,925
Amharic	0	0	0	260	135	120
Arabic	2,535	1,315	1,225	9,685	5,185	4,500
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15	15	10	10	10	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	40	10	30	630	370	260
Maltese	0	0	0	25	0	25
Tigrigna	0	0	0	140	65	70
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	40	20	20
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	15	10	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	275	145	130	575	260	310
Khmer (Cambodian)	80	35	40	15	0	10
Vietnamese	195	105	90	555	255	300
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	105	30	75	3,035	1,275	1,760
Bikol	0	0	0	10	0	10
Cebuano	30	0	30	185	80	100
Fijian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	45	20	30
Ilocano	10	0	10	70	20	55
Malagasy	30	20	10	10	0	0
Malay	10	10	0	80	25	60
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	55	10	50	2,835	1,195	1,635
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20
Creole languages	400	190	210	360	185	175
Haitian Creole	35	10	25	35	20	15
Creole, n.o.s.	355	185	175	120	60	65
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	210	115	100
Dravidian languages	40	20	15	1,365	785	580
Kannada	0	0	0	75	45	35
Malayalam	0	0	0	560	310	250
Tamil	20	10	15	450	260	190
Telugu	15	10	10	350	215	135
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	17,105	8,220	8,880	30,820	15,070	15,755
Albanian	25	10	15	405	185	215
Armenian	40	25	20	80	45	30
Balto-Slavic languages	2,055	1,005	1,045	4,095	1,935	2,160
Baltic languages	0	0	0	110	35	80
Latvian	0	0	0	50	15	35
Lithuanian	0	0	0	55	15	40
Slavic languages	2,055	1,005	1,045	4,010	1,910	2,105
Belarusan	0	0	0	10	0	10
Bosnian	270	135	140	145	60	80
Bulgarian	80	45	35	75	35	35
Croatian	145	50	95	275	105	165
Czech	65	35	30	210	95	110
Macedonian	0	0	0	90	55	30
Polish	255	130	125	900	410	490
Russian	360	185	175	1,945	970	970
Serbian	540	275	270	180	85	95
Serbo-Croatian	385	190	190	115	70	50
Slovak	55	20	35	145	70	75
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	10	10	35	10	20
Ukrainian	70	20	50	425	180	245
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages	10	10	0	1,070	495	580
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	910	400	505
Welsh	0	0	0	35	25	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	155	80	75
Germanic languages	1,550	865	685	9,225	4,490	4,740
Afrikaans	0	0	0	320	140	175
Danish	30	15	20	235	125	110
Dutch	195	110	80	2,105	935	1,165
Frisian	0	0	0	60	30	30
German	1,285	720	560	6,335	3,180	3,155
Icelandic	0	0	0	100	40	60
Norwegian	20	15	0	150	105	40
Swedish	40	30	10	245	115	130
Vlaams (Flemish)	25	0	20	20	10	15
Yiddish	0	0	0	30	15	15
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	125	45	85
Greek	145	80	65	1,315	670	645
Indo-Iranian languages	1,875	985	890	6,535	3,635	2,900
Indo-Aryan languages	450	260	195	4,935	2,790	2,140
Bengali	20	0	15	625	350	275
Gujarati	20	10	10	240	150	90
Hindi	75	55	20	2,270	1,300	975
Kashmiri	0	0	0	15	0	10
Konkani	0	0	0	15	15	0
Marathi	0	0	0	135	85	45
Nepali	100	65	35	620	315	305
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	20	10	15
Punjabi (Panjabi)	35	20	15	1,010	570	445
Sindhi	0	10	0	10	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	20	10	245	125	120
Urdu	215	95	115	1,090	660	425
Iranian languages	1,595	810	785	1,625	865	755
Kurdish	15	10	0	185	110	75
Pashto	140	70	70	85	55	30
Persian (Farsi)	1,530	780	750	1,385	725	660
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	75	40	35
Italic (Romance) languages	11,980	5,550	6,430	9,365	4,270	5,100
Catalan	35	15	15	15	10	10
Italian	920	435	480	1,665	845	820
Portuguese	545	295	255	910	480	430
Romanian	180	95	85	240	140	105
Spanish	10,715	4,930	5,785	6,990	3,020	3,970
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	20	20	0	70	55	20
Japanese	175	90	85	865	335	530
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Korean	55	25	35	1,530	685	850
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	1,670	850	820	1,340	715	620
Akan (Twi)	0	10	0	65	40	30
Bamanankan	90	60	30	10	10	10
Edo	0	0	0	10	10	0
Ewe	15	10	10	80	50	30
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	15	15	0	10	10	0
Ga	0	0	0	30	15	20
Ganda	0	10	0	60	15	40
Igbo	0	0	0	70	45	30
Lingala	235	110	120	30	15	15
Rundi (Kirundi)	250	140	120	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	110	50	55	130	65	65
Shona	0	0	0	65	40	35
Swahili	440	230	205	370	200	175
Wolof	225	105	115	35	15	20
Yoruba	0	10	0	250	125	125
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	510	255	250	300	175	130
Nilo-Saharan languages	55	10	45	50	30	20
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	10
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	55	15	45	45	30	10
Sign languages	285	95	190	1,605	555	1,045
American Sign Language	10	0	10	795	235	555
Quebec Sign Language	170	65	105	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	120	35	85	815	325	495
Sino-Tibetan languages	410	230	185	7,135	3,615	3,515
Chinese languages	410	225	185	7,115	3,610	3,500
Cantonese	55	20	30	1,555	730	820
Hakka	0	0	0	45	25	25
Mandarin	310	165	150	5,435	2,720	2,710
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	10	20	195	75	120
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	60	35	30
Chinese, n.o.s.	65	50	20	575	340	245
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	20	10	15
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	10	0	20	10	15
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	85	30	55	240	110	130
Lao	70	30	45	20	0	10
Thai	30	0	25	220	100	120
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	95	55	45	620	320	300
Azerbaijani	10	10	0	20	20	0
Turkish	85	50	40	480	225	255
Uyghur	0	0	0	15	0	10
Uzbek	0	0	0	105	60	40
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	10	10	0
Uralic languages	95	55	45	430	200	230
Estonian	0	0	0	50	25	20
Finnish	15	10	10	120	55	70
Hungarian	75	45	35	255	115	140
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	60	30	25	75	40	35
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	310,015	154,840	155,175	908,340	440,735	467,605
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	301,480	150,550	150,925	878,415	425,340	453,070
Canadian citizens aged under 18	59,265	30,790	28,475	159,440	81,575	77,870
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	242,215	119,760	122,455	718,970	343,770	375,200
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	8,530	4,285	4,245	29,930	15,395	14,535
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	310,015	154,840	155,175	908,340	440,730	467,605
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	290,190	144,805	145,380	842,760	407,740	435,015
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	17,580	8,800	8,780	55,675	27,270	28,405
Before 1981	3,730	1,960	1,775	19,200	9,335	9,865
1981 to 1990	1,360	710	645	4,800	2,330	2,470
1991 to 2000	2,885	1,400	1,485	6,705	3,140	3,560
2001 to 2010	5,390	2,680	2,715	13,185	6,540	6,645
2001 to 2005	2,295	1,100	1,195	5,105	2,500	2,600
2006 to 2010	3,100	1,575	1,525	8,080	4,035	4,045
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	4,210	2,055	2,160	11,790	5,925	5,865
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	2,245	1,235	1,010	9,900	5,720	4,185
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	17,580	8,795	8,785	55,675	27,270	28,410
Under 5 years	2,755	1,400	1,350	7,280	3,495	3,785
5 to 14 years	3,235	1,615	1,620	10,445	5,240	5,205
15 to 24 years	3,100	1,430	1,670	10,170	4,670	5,500
25 to 44 years	7,345	3,765	3,575	22,980	11,315	11,660
45 years and over	1,145	575	565	4,800	2,550	2,250
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	17,580	8,795	8,785	55,680	27,270	28,410
Americas	5,085	2,420	2,665	10,610	4,830	5,780
Brazil	155	75	80	175	75	100
Colombia	1,125	550	575	175	90	85
El Salvador	135	60	75	95	50	45
Guyana	0	10	0	170	85	90
Haiti	310	125	180	55	30	30
Jamaica	10	0	10	480	210	275
Mexico	325	165	160	325	155	175
Peru	150	60	90	105	35	75
Trinidad and Tobago	10	0	10	220	120	100
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	1,885	895	985	7,375	3,320	4,055
Other places of birth in Americas	985	485	500	1,430	675	750
Europe	6,135	3,220	2,920	22,110	11,195	10,920
Bosnia and Herzegovina	715	370	345	210	115	100
Croatia	135	65	70	180	75	105
France	2,575	1,380	1,190	610	330	280
Germany	325	175	150	2,600	1,270	1,330
Greece	75	40	30	505	270	235
Hungary	30	20	10	110	40	65
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	10	10	10	475	225	255
Italy	145	95	45	525	310	215
Netherlands	70	20	50	1,645	790	855
Poland	150	75	80	630	265	365
Portugal	30	20	10	220	140	80
Romania	200	105	90	180	100	80
Russian Federation	190	90	100	585	270	315
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	120	40	80	90	45	45
Ukraine	60	25	35	335	145	195
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	290	155	135	11,275	5,815	5,460
Other places of birth in Europe	1,015	530	485	1,930	985	945
Africa	3,455	1,860	1,595	3,525	1,855	1,675
Algeria	540	310	230	25	15	15
Egypt	80	45	35	770	395	370
Ethiopia	0	0	0	185	105	85
Kenya	0	0	0	125	75	50
Morocco	605	355	250	80	50	30
Nigeria	0	0	0	350	185	165
Somalia	0	0	0	65	30	35
South Africa, Republic of	15	10	10	460	205	250
Other places of birth in Africa	2,215	1,135	1,075	1,465	790	675
Asia	2,865	1,275	1,590	18,955	9,100	9,855
Afghanistan	780	400	380	100	40	60
Bangladesh	10	10	10	315	180	135
China^{Census data footnote 59}	415	115	300	2,830	1,140	1,685
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	20	10	10	280	130	155
India	45	20	20	2,225	1,190	1,040
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	150	70	80	970	525	440
Iraq	155	75	80	525	250	285
Japan	10	0	10	225	60	170
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	45	20	20	870	340	530
Lebanon	70	40	30	1,370	755	610
Pakistan	260	135	125	615	315	295
Philippines	60	15	50	2,570	1,035	1,540
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	310	140	175
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	265	115	150	1,150	565	580
Taiwan	35	10	25	225	100	120
Viet Nam	180	85	90	450	205	245
Other places of birth in Asia	350	150	200	3,930	2,130	1,795
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	30	20	15	480	295	180
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	4,210	2,050	2,155	11,785	5,920	5,870
Americas	780	360	415	1,390	675	715
Brazil	45	25	25	95	40	55
Colombia	250	110	140	15	0	15
Cuba	65	30	35	70	40	30
Haiti	50	25	25	20	15	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	195	100	95
Mexico	105	55	50	105	55	45
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	120	65	60	615	310	305
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	25	10	10	15	10	10
Other places of birth in Americas	110	40	75	275	115	165
Europe	630	325	305	2,210	1,165	1,045
France	380	200	185	110	55	55
Germany	0	0	0	215	110	100
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	75	50	25
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	25	10	15
Romania	15	10	10	40	25	15
Russian Federation	55	30	30	180	75	100
Ukraine	30	15	15	140	55	80
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	20	20	0	1,080	620	460
Other places of birth in Europe	125	60	65	355	165	190
Africa	1,530	775	750	1,085	600	485
Algeria	150	90	65	15	0	10
Cameroon	95	60	35	0	0	10
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	215	100	110	55	30	25
Côte d'Ivoire	145	55	90	0	0	0
Egypt	35	15	20	205	105	95
Eritrea	0	0	0	70	40	30
Ethiopia	0	0	0	45	35	10
Morocco	155	80	75	30	15	10
Nigeria	0	0	0	200	100	100
Somalia	0	0	0	10	0	10
South Africa, Republic of	10	10	0	80	35	45
Tunisia	80	45	35	10	10	0
Other places of birth in Africa	645	330	310	365	220	150
Asia	1,265	575	690	7,035	3,435	3,600
Afghanistan	445	215	230	20	0	20
Bangladesh	0	0	0	80	50	30
China^{Census data footnote 59}	75	30	40	985	465	520
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	10	0	0
India	15	10	10	900	490	410
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	75	40	35	260	135	125
Iraq	90	40	50	245	125	120
Israel	0	0	0	280	180	100
Japan	0	0	0	70	25	50
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	10	0	10	225	75	150
Lebanon	25	15	10	75	35	40
Nepal	10	10	0	185	95	85
Pakistan	170	90	85	145	80	65
Philippines	15	0	20	1,500	640	860
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	125	75	50
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	100	55	50
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	235	100	135	890	420	460
Taiwan	30	10	15	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	100	55	40
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	70	45	20
Viet Nam	20	15	10	65	20	45
Other places of birth in Asia	50	15	35	715	370	345
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	10	10	0	70	50	20
Australia	10	0	0	35	30	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	35	15	15
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	310,015	154,835	155,175	908,340	440,735	467,605
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	20,840	10,520	10,320	70,310	35,320	34,990
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	14,660	7,180	7,480	69,125	33,765	35,360
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	274,510	137,145	137,370	768,905	371,645	397,260
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	14,015	6,915	7,105	37,000	18,195	18,805
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	5,715	3,015	2,700	21,830	11,270	10,560
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	2,650	1,700	950	8,710	5,865	2,845
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	3,065	1,315	1,745	13,115	5,405	7,710
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	3,190	1,345	1,840	10,415	4,455	5,955
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	4,955	2,475	2,480	4,520	2,345	2,175
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	160	75	90	235	120	115
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	310,010	154,840	155,175	908,340	440,730	467,605
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	4,045	2,055	1,990	51,495	24,900	26,595
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	3,810	1,960	1,850	49,935	24,175	25,765
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	1,785	860	920	25,830	12,460	13,370
Métis	1,930	1,030	900	23,315	11,325	11,985
Inuk (Inuit)	90	65	30	795	385	410
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	120	45	75	835	425	410
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	110	45	65	725	300	420
Non-Aboriginal identity	305,965	152,780	153,185	856,850	415,835	441,015
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	310,015	154,840	155,175	908,340	440,735	467,610
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	835	445	385	18,940	9,135	9,805
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	309,180	154,395	154,790	889,405	431,595	457,800
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	310,010	154,840	155,175	908,340	440,735	467,610
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	3,005	1,345	1,660	15,055	7,255	7,805
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	2,925	1,310	1,620	14,780	7,120	7,655
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	2,525	1,125	1,395	11,995	5,790	6,210
Métis single ancestry	375	165	210	2,560	1,245	1,315
Inuit single ancestry	30	20	15	220	85	135
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	80	35	45	275	135	145
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	75	40	40	210	95	115
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	10	25	20	10
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	30	20	15
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	10	0	10
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	10,000	5,030	4,970	58,980	27,665	31,315
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	9,825	4,935	4,890	56,830	26,660	30,170
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	8,765	4,395	4,370	34,375	15,975	18,400
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	975	490	480	21,200	10,120	11,080
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	90	50	40	1,255	560	690
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	170	95	80	2,145	1,005	1,140
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	155	80	70	1,850	855	995
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	10	10	135	50	80
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	10	0	130	90	45
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	30	10	20
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	297,010	148,465	148,540	834,300	405,810	428,495
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	310,015	154,840	155,175	908,340	440,735	467,605
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	12,775	6,315	6,460	58,650	29,305	29,350
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	485	255	230	7,910	4,385	3,525
Chinese	665	245	415	8,640	4,210	4,435
Black	3,865	1,905	1,955	21,915	10,735	11,175
Filipino	95	30	70	3,400	1,485	1,920
Latin American	3,000	1,460	1,535	1,685	820	865
Arab	2,055	1,110	950	8,110	4,375	3,735
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	670	325	340	1,195	525	670
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	1,350	680	670	1,540	805	740
Korean	95	40	60	1,540	685	855
Japanese	75	35	35	695	295	405
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	105	60	50	630	300	330
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	320	170	150	1,385	690	695
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	297,240	148,520	148,710	849,690	411,430	438,260
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	310,010	154,840	155,175	908,340	440,730	467,610
North American Aboriginal origins	13,005	6,375	6,635	74,040	34,920	39,115
First Nations (North American Indian)	11,535	5,645	5,885	48,640	22,805	25,835
Inuit	150	80	70	1,840	830	1,010
Métis	1,580	780	800	26,025	12,435	13,585
Other North American origins	229,745	114,375	115,370	410,825	197,970	212,855
Acadian	1,140	515	620	23,700	11,050	12,650
American	2,110	1,010	1,100	7,515	3,730	3,785
Canadian	222,680	110,800	111,880	387,360	186,955	200,405
New Brunswicker	15	10	15	35	15	20
Newfoundlander	10	10	0	1,750	835	910
Nova Scotian	10	10	0	1,295	625	665
Ontarian	20	15	10	95	65	35
Québécois	6,840	3,510	3,330	380	190	185
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	30	15	15	20	0	15
European origins	112,985	56,650	56,335	621,525	299,755	321,760
British Isles origins	32,425	15,620	16,800	513,725	246,085	267,645
Channel Islander	15	0	10	90	25	60
Cornish	0	0	0	105	45	65
English	11,965	5,625	6,340	262,375	124,610	137,765
Irish	18,670	8,820	9,855	195,865	91,260	104,605
Manx	0	0	0	145	70	70
Scottish	8,385	4,185	4,200	272,880	129,640	143,240
Welsh	610	240	375	17,135	8,105	9,030
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	855	435	420	18,975	8,955	10,020
French origins	81,730	41,280	40,445	149,665	70,095	79,570
Alsatian	30	20	10	25	20	10
Breton	670	340	325	15	10	10
Corsican	10	0	10	20	20	0
French	81,355	41,100	40,255	149,625	70,065	79,565
Western European origins (except French origins)	9,130	4,515	4,615	125,110	59,420	65,690
Austrian	270	145	125	1,775	880	895
Bavarian	0	0	0	10	10	10
Belgian	2,155	1,065	1,090	2,615	1,320	1,305
Dutch	1,085	535	550	32,045	14,640	17,410
Flemish	35	20	15	160	80	80
Frisian	10	10	0	50	20	30
German	5,020	2,485	2,530	97,555	46,450	51,100
Luxembourger	20	0	15	30	20	10
Swiss	990	485	500	2,705	1,335	1,375
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	140	75	60
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	955	460	500	14,985	7,075	7,910
Danish	270	140	130	3,700	1,695	2,005
Finnish	50	25	20	1,140	505	630
Icelandic	25	0	15	660	295	370
Norwegian	295	125	170	5,170	2,535	2,635
Swedish	240	115	125	3,565	1,575	1,990
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	110	65	45	1,365	750	620
Eastern European origins	3,130	1,515	1,615	29,685	14,315	15,370
Bulgarian	85	40	40	280	130	145
Byelorussian	50	25	20	195	85	105
Czech	100	55	40	1,165	620	545
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	55	20	40	420	175	245
Estonian	15	10	15	345	185	165
Hungarian	390	185	205	2,700	1,320	1,380
Latvian	15	15	0	380	160	220
Lithuanian	40	15	25	1,150	510	635
Moldovan	10	0	0	10	0	10
Polish	1,125	530	590	11,575	5,525	6,050
Romanian	365	200	165	1,190	540	650
Russian	550	250	300	4,775	2,210	2,570
Slovak	115	60	60	610	320	290
Ukrainian	620	280	340	9,115	4,475	4,640
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	25	0	25	310	150	160
Southern European origins	8,815	4,425	4,385	28,680	13,790	14,890
Albanian	25	0	15	285	140	145
Bosnian	445	210	235	155	75	75
Catalan	35	20	15	0	0	0
Croatian	220	95	115	680	325	360
Cypriot	0	0	0	40	30	15
Greek	440	185	255	3,360	1,705	1,650
Italian	4,735	2,415	2,320	15,620	7,605	8,015
Kosovar	0	0	0	255	115	145
Macedonian	20	10	15	165	90	80
Maltese	20	10	15	440	215	220
Montenegrin	20	0	10	20	10	10
Portuguese	710	325	385	3,580	1,700	1,880
Serbian	650	305	345	255	120	135
Sicilian	65	55	10	40	20	15
Slovenian	40	25	15	150	70	85
Spanish	1,820	930	890	4,300	1,875	2,425
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	225	130	100	400	205	200
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	10	0	0	85	50	40
Other European origins	675	320	355	5,465	2,845	2,625
Basque	160	80	75	160	75	85
Jewish	165	70	95	2,040	1,040	1,000
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	135	110	25
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	25	25	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	340	160	175	3,145	1,610	1,535
Caribbean origins	1,225	615	615	5,220	2,580	2,640
Antiguan	0	0	0	100	50	55
Bahamian	10	0	10	230	105	115
Barbadian	25	15	10	575	300	275
Bermudan	0	0	0	185	90	100
Carib	0	0	0	45	30	10
Cuban	160	75	85	340	145	195
Dominican	150	100	55	150	85	65
Grenadian	20	15	0	35	20	20
Guadeloupean	30	15	10	0	0	0
Haitian	755	355	395	115	50	65
Jamaican	40	15	20	2,075	1,050	1,025
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	45	15	30
Martinican	25	10	15	10	10	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	10	10	0
Puerto Rican	10	0	10	115	40	75
St. Lucian	0	0	0	65	20	50
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	10	325	170	155
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	35	20	15
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	15	15	0	785	420	365
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	45	20	25	330	155	180
Latin, Central and South American origins	3,925	1,890	2,035	3,055	1,525	1,525
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	125	55	60	185	90	100
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	100	65	35	65	40	25
Belizean	0	0	0	25	20	10
Bolivian	40	10	30	40	20	15
Brazilian	230	105	125	280	140	135
Chilean	170	90	80	130	80	45
Colombian	1,410	700	710	430	210	225
Costa Rican	0	0	0	35	10	25
Ecuadorian	20	15	10	50	20	30
Guatemalan	205	90	115	90	65	35
Guyanese	20	15	10	350	160	195
Hispanic	15	10	10	60	35	25
Honduran	100	55	45	50	35	20
Maya	15	0	15	70	35	30
Mexican	660	340	320	810	415	395
Nicaraguan	200	90	110	45	20	25
Panamanian	10	0	10	25	10	15
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	250	105	150	180	85	95
Salvadorean	260	125	135	110	75	35
Uruguayan	45	30	20	15	0	20
Venezuelan	100	40	60	80	50	30
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	120	50	70	185	80	105
African origins	5,460	2,895	2,565	17,655	8,560	9,095
Central and West African origins	1,885	965	920	1,335	700	635
Akan	0	0	0	10	0	10
Angolan	25	20	10	10	0	10
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	10	0
Beninese	70	50	15	20	10	10
Burkinabe	70	30	40	0	0	10
Cameroonian	240	135	110	70	35	35
Chadian	65	30	35	0	0	0
Congolese	560	260	300	180	95	85
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	10	10	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	20	10	10	10	0	0
Gambian	0	10	0	10	0	10
Ghanaian	20	15	10	185	105	85
Guinean	30	15	15	30	20	10
Ibo	0	0	0	90	50	40
Ivorian	80	40	40	10	0	0
Liberian	25	20	10	15	10	10
Malian	105	50	55	10	0	10
Malinké	0	0	0	15	10	10
Nigerian	50	35	20	445	240	210
Peulh	15	15	0	0	10	0
Senegalese	200	95	105	10	10	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	80	45	35
Togolese	105	55	50	70	30	35
Wolof	25	20	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	65	25	45
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	280	150	130	120	65	50
North African origins	2,205	1,210	995	2,030	1,045	980
Algerian	480	245	225	85	45	40
Berber	390	240	150	70	50	20
Coptic	0	0	0	30	10	20
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	250	125	120	1,295	695	600
Libyan	35	15	20	215	105	110
Maure	0	0	0	10	0	10
Moroccan	840	455	385	130	60	70
Sudanese	40	35	10	130	50	80
Tunisian	265	145	120	65	25	35
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	30	15	15	90	40	50
Southern and East African origins	825	420	405	1,865	920	945
Afrikaner	0	0	0	25	10	20
Amhara	0	0	0	10	10	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	95	65	35	10	10	0
Burundian	365	180	190	10	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	160	85	75
Ethiopian	0	0	0	280	120	155
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	160	85	75
Malagasy	120	60	60	20	0	15
Mauritian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	25	15	15
Rwandan	140	65	80	105	55	50
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	10	10	0	180	75	100
South African	20	15	0	520	255	265
Tanzanian	10	10	0	60	45	20
Tigrian	0	0	0	15	0	10
Ugandan	0	0	0	60	25	40
Zambian	0	0	0	80	35	50
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	100	55	45
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	55	35	20	170	100	75
Other African origins	660	370	290	12,620	5,990	6,635
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	40	30	10	2,255	1,060	1,195
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	630	345	280	10,460	4,965	5,495
Asian origins	5,915	2,855	3,060	42,500	21,445	21,050
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	3,555	1,760	1,795	17,205	8,915	8,295
Afghan	1,200	610	595	230	80	150
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	605	310	290	1,600	835	770
Armenian	150	70	80	265	160	110
Assyrian	10	10	0	10	10	0
Azerbaijani	10	0	0	20	20	0
Georgian	10	0	0	20	15	10
Hazara	25	15	10	0	0	0
Iranian	270	135	130	1,405	785	620
Iraqi	225	90	130	595	270	325
Israeli	15	10	10	245	120	120
Jordanian	15	10	0	260	150	115
Kazakh	10	0	10	45	30	20
Kurd	20	10	10	230	120	115
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	245	115	130
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	375	210	165	7,445	3,815	3,630
Palestinian	30	15	10	990	535	455
Pashtun	25	0	15	30	15	10
Saudi Arabian	10	10	0	725	470	255
Syrian	610	275	335	2,190	1,090	1,100
Tajik	25	15	15	20	10	10
Tatar	0	0	0	40	15	25
Turk	130	70	65	690	320	370
Turkmen	0	0	0	10	10	10
Uighur	0	0	0	10	10	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	90	60	30
Yemeni	0	0	0	205	105	95
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	45	20	20	780	410	370
South Asian origins	500	275	225	8,495	4,690	3,805
Bangladeshi	25	10	15	240	135	110
Bengali	0	0	0	65	40	20
Bhutanese	60	35	25	225	100	125
East Indian	265	145	125	6,255	3,460	2,795
Goan	0	0	0	10	10	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	10	0
Nepali	45	30	15	430	220	210
Pakistani	70	30	35	665	405	260
Punjabi	0	0	0	230	110	115
Sinhalese	25	20	10	40	10	30
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	340	150	190
Tamil	15	0	15	60	30	35
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	0	0	470	290	175
East and Southeast Asian origins	1,890	840	1,050	16,715	7,850	8,870
Burmese	0	0	0	15	0	10
Cambodian (Khmer)	135	65	70	55	15	40
Chinese	825	330	495	9,695	4,720	4,980
Filipino	95	30	65	3,580	1,585	1,995
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	15	0	10	140	65	75
Japanese	115	45	65	905	385	515
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	105	40	70	1,590	700	895
Laotian	110	50	60	15	0	10
Malaysian	0	0	0	80	30	45
Mongolian	50	45	10	55	30	30
Singaporean	0	0	0	10	10	0
Taiwanese	40	15	25	240	100	140
Thai	60	25	30	245	85	155
Tibetan	0	0	0	10	0	10
Vietnamese	430	230	200	760	355	410
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	75	45	25
Other Asian origins	30	15	10	410	190	215
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	25	20	10	410	190	215
Oceania origins	70	30	40	895	450	445
Australian	20	0	15	490	255	235
New Zealander	20	10	0	290	155	130
Pacific Islands origins	30	15	15	125	55	70
Fijian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Hawaiian	0	0	0	25	10	15
Maori	0	0	0	40	20	25
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	25	15	15	20	15	10
Samoan	0	0	0	10	0	10
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	10	0	0	30	0	20
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	142,875	...	...	401,990	...	...
Owner	89,260	...	...	276,095	...	...
Renter	53,615	...	...	123,595	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	2,300	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	142,875	...	...	401,990	...	...
Condominium	9,855	...	...	13,370	...	...
Not condominium	133,015	...	...	388,625	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	142,875	...	...	401,990	...	...
No bedrooms	790	...	...	1,140	...	...
1 bedroom	18,615	...	...	45,675	...	...
2 bedrooms	44,415	...	...	105,410	...	...
3 bedrooms	49,605	...	...	158,975	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	29,455	...	...	90,785	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	142,875	...	...	401,990	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	45,880	...	...	87,755	...	...
5 rooms	25,390	...	...	64,655	...	...
6 rooms	18,525	...	...	66,855	...	...
7 rooms	17,470	...	...	57,085	...	...
8 or more rooms	35,595	...	...	125,635	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.0	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	142,875	...	...	401,990	...	...
One person or fewer per room	142,205	...	...	399,855	...	...
More than 1 person per room	665	...	...	2,130	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	142,875	...	...	401,990	...	...
Suitable	140,090	...	...	390,445	...	...
Not suitable	2,785	...	...	11,540	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	142,875	...	...	401,990	...	...
1960 or before	37,475	...	...	112,530	...	...
1961 to 1980	41,090	...	...	113,715	...	...
1981 to 1990	19,985	...	...	59,105	...	...
1991 to 2000	16,290	...	...	49,825	...	...
2001 to 2005	8,470	...	...	23,045	...	...
2006 to 2010	10,120	...	...	23,925	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	9,450	...	...	19,840	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	142,875	...	...	401,990	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	134,255	...	...	366,615	...	...
Major repairs needed	8,620	...	...	35,375	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	142,875	...	...	401,990	...	...
1 household maintainer	89,650	...	...	241,800	...	...
2 household maintainers	51,960	...	...	152,970	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	1,265	...	...	7,220	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	142,875	...	...	401,990	...	...
15 to 24 years	6,675	...	...	14,575	...	...
25 to 34 years	18,955	...	...	49,695	...	...
35 to 44 years	21,795	...	...	59,550	...	...
45 to 54 years	25,510	...	...	77,555	...	...
55 to 64 years	30,240	...	...	85,360	...	...
65 to 74 years	24,870	...	...	66,865	...	...
75 to 84 years	11,325	...	...	35,980	...	...
85 years and over	3,500	...	...	12,405	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	140,880	...	...	395,860	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	113,135	...	...	310,540	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	27,745	...	...	85,315	...	...
30% to less than 100%	25,180	...	...	74,290	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	87,525	...	...	273,525	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	59.9	...	...	55.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	12.1	...	...	12.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	845	...	...	819	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	922	...	...	987	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	200,229	...	...	199,886	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	234,587	...	...	230,441	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	53,460	...	...	123,060	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	8.4	...	...	12.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	32.2	...	...	42.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	610	...	...	849	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	659	...	...	909	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	259,020	128,335	130,690	774,745	372,455	402,295
No certificate, diploma or degree	56,280	29,560	26,725	153,705	79,885	73,825
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	54,900	25,920	28,980	195,900	95,205	100,695
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	147,845	72,855	74,990	425,140	197,365	227,775
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	51,545	31,080	20,460	76,810	54,075	22,735
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	37,090	19,555	17,535	42,625	25,015	17,610
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	14,450	11,525	2,925	34,185	29,060	5,125
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	44,380	18,760	25,625	168,805	67,030	101,775
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	7,700	2,995	4,710	18,380	6,975	11,405
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	44,220	20,015	24,200	161,150	69,290	91,855
Bachelor's degree	26,300	10,970	15,335	108,385	45,185	63,205
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	3,510	1,515	1,995	9,495	4,020	5,475
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,795	935	860	4,700	2,595	2,110
Master's degree	9,945	4,830	5,115	32,645	13,840	18,805
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	2,670	1,770	900	5,925	3,655	2,270
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	163,390	81,025	82,365	494,505	237,795	256,710
No certificate, diploma or degree	24,935	14,060	10,875	60,280	34,820	25,460
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	30,220	14,765	15,460	116,280	57,600	58,675
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	108,235	52,200	56,030	317,950	145,375	172,570
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	39,705	23,095	16,610	52,370	37,255	15,115
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	29,095	14,650	14,445	29,105	17,300	11,810
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	10,610	8,440	2,170	23,265	19,955	3,310
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	29,870	12,875	16,995	128,010	51,890	76,120
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,695	1,710	2,980	11,595	4,325	7,275
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	33,965	14,525	19,445	125,970	51,905	74,065
Bachelor's degree	20,545	8,385	12,165	85,240	34,830	50,410
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,405	860	1,540	6,895	2,610	4,285
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,385	610	775	3,775	1,850	1,925
Master's degree	7,590	3,395	4,195	26,025	10,380	15,640
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	2,040	1,270	770	4,045	2,240	1,805
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	259,025	128,335	130,690	774,750	372,455	402,295
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	111,180	55,480	55,700	349,605	175,090	174,520
Education	11,980	2,925	9,060	31,395	8,460	22,930
13. Education	11,980	2,920	9,055	31,390	8,465	22,930
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	4,315	1,845	2,470	10,700	5,095	5,605
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	720	525	190	2,070	1,565	505
50. Visual and performing arts	3,595	1,315	2,280	8,635	3,530	5,100
Humanities	8,360	3,615	4,745	18,830	7,520	11,310
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	890	225	665	1,175	355	820
23. English language and literature/letters	325	105	225	5,110	1,530	3,580
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	4,130	1,760	2,380	4,545	1,540	3,000
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	35	20	20	65	25	35
38. Philosophy and religious studies	395	260	130	1,240	675	565
39. Theology and religious vocations	695	410	285	2,200	1,340	860
54. History	745	475	275	3,615	1,865	1,755
55. French language and literature/letters	1,135	370	770	880	190	695
Social and behavioural sciences and law	11,970	3,800	8,165	40,155	11,980	28,175
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	215	70	140	635	145	490
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,245	410	835	3,285	1,260	2,025
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	2,825	245	2,580	9,115	750	8,365
22. Legal professions and studies	1,955	805	1,150	6,110	1,920	4,185
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	395	40	350	610	135	475
42. Psychology	2,745	755	1,995	8,170	2,060	6,110
45. Social sciences	2,590	1,470	1,120	12,240	5,710	6,520
Business, management and public administration	30,100	9,855	20,240	93,075	27,030	66,045
30.16 Accounting and computer science	35	20	20	205	55	150
44. Public administration and social service professions	2,065	450	1,610	6,285	1,345	4,940
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	28,000	9,390	18,610	86,590	25,630	60,960
Physical and life sciences and technologies	5,325	3,095	2,235	15,340	7,650	7,685
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	2,070	1,030	1,040	6,910	2,990	3,925
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	560	325	235	3,340	1,455	1,880
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	1,230	690	540	165	35	120
40. Physical sciences	1,145	915	235	4,260	3,005	1,255
41. Science technologies/technicians	315	135	180	665	165	500
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,980	2,675	1,305	15,745	9,355	6,390
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,280	2,335	945	12,750	8,055	4,695
25. Library science	250	55	195	1,210	175	1,040
27. Mathematics and statistics	400	245	155	1,590	995	600
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	50	30	20	200	135	65
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	34,240	32,120	2,115	92,920	87,340	5,580
04. Architecture and related services	520	310	210	1,370	860	510
14. Engineering	3,970	3,415	550	11,925	10,290	1,640
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	6,630	5,970	660	17,805	16,110	1,695
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	10	0	10
46. Construction trades	8,370	8,190	180	24,800	24,235	570
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	8,170	7,980	190	25,465	24,680	780
48. Precision production	6,580	6,260	320	11,545	11,165	380
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	4,770	3,155	1,610	7,630	4,615	3,015
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	3,100	1,905	1,190	4,215	2,160	2,055
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,675	1,255	425	3,410	2,450	960
Health and related fields	21,525	4,355	17,170	66,770	10,595	56,175
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	1,260	770	490	3,560	1,730	1,825
51. Health professions and related programs	19,675	3,270	16,400	61,755	7,955	53,800
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	595	315	275	1,460	910	550
Personal, protective and transportation services	11,130	5,380	5,745	32,535	17,700	14,830
12. Personal and culinary services	7,050	1,760	5,290	17,625	4,455	13,170
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	250	240	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	30	30	0	905	850	50
43. Security and protective services	1,700	1,435	265	4,540	3,535	1,005
49. Transportation and materials moving	2,335	2,145	195	9,220	8,625	600
Other	155	30	130	45	10	40
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	160	30	125	50	10	40
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	163,390	81,025	82,365	494,505	237,795	256,710
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	55,160	28,825	26,335	176,560	92,420	84,135
Education	7,770	1,640	6,130	20,590	4,940	15,650
13. Education	7,770	1,645	6,125	20,585	4,940	15,650
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	3,130	1,305	1,825	8,145	3,855	4,285
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	555	385	170	1,515	1,140	375
50. Visual and performing arts	2,575	920	1,655	6,630	2,715	3,915
Humanities	4,805	2,080	2,720	13,745	5,275	8,465
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	585	130	450	895	280	615
23. English language and literature/letters	200	60	130	3,800	1,095	2,705
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,175	970	1,205	3,425	1,125	2,305
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	10	10	10	60	25	35
38. Philosophy and religious studies	230	150	75	910	490	420
39. Theology and religious vocations	360	220	140	1,330	795	535
54. History	520	340	175	2,710	1,340	1,370
55. French language and literature/letters	735	195	540	620	130	490
Social and behavioural sciences and law	8,905	2,495	6,410	32,650	9,150	23,500
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	185	55	130	520	110	410
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	940	345	600	2,750	1,030	1,720
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	2,340	145	2,200	7,395	580	6,810
22. Legal professions and studies	1,400	495	910	5,225	1,380	3,845
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	275	30	250	460	100	355
42. Psychology	1,960	480	1,480	6,545	1,580	4,970
45. Social sciences	1,805	955	855	9,755	4,360	5,390
Business, management and public administration	22,955	6,850	16,105	69,255	20,285	48,970
30.16 Accounting and computer science	30	15	15	175	40	135
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,585	310	1,275	5,140	1,025	4,120
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	21,345	6,525	14,815	63,935	19,220	44,715
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,050	1,765	1,285	11,075	5,385	5,690
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,585	765	820	5,285	2,240	3,045
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	265	165	105	2,390	1,030	1,360
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	190	135	55	130	30	100
40. Physical sciences	790	595	190	2,910	2,005	905
41. Science technologies/technicians	220	105	115	365	85	275
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,315	2,270	1,050	13,625	8,240	5,385
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,880	2,070	815	11,505	7,330	4,170
25. Library science	155	40	115	815	115	700
27. Mathematics and statistics	235	135	100	1,130	660	470
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	40	20	20	175	125	50
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	25,740	23,920	1,820	67,930	63,180	4,750
04. Architecture and related services	365	205	155	1,020	585	430
14. Engineering	3,365	2,850	515	8,585	7,230	1,355
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	5,125	4,540	580	13,410	11,920	1,495
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	10
46. Construction trades	5,820	5,700	130	18,355	17,835	515
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	6,230	6,080	155	18,540	17,910	625
48. Precision production	4,830	4,545	285	8,020	7,700	325
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	3,785	2,405	1,380	5,995	3,475	2,520
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	2,415	1,415	1,000	3,270	1,570	1,695
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,365	990	380	2,725	1,905	825
Health and related fields	15,755	3,150	12,610	50,220	8,215	42,010
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	945	560	380	2,730	1,350	1,380
51. Health professions and related programs	14,340	2,370	11,975	46,385	6,215	40,165
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	470	215	255	1,110	650	460
Personal, protective and transportation services	8,905	4,300	4,605	24,685	13,375	11,310
12. Personal and culinary services	5,570	1,370	4,200	13,490	3,480	10,000
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	205	200	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	15	0	475	435	40
43. Security and protective services	1,350	1,120	230	3,465	2,655	815
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,965	1,790	180	7,045	6,595	450
Other	120	30	95	45	10	40
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	120	30	90	50	10	35
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	259,025	128,335	130,690	774,745	372,455	402,295
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	111,180	55,485	55,700	349,605	175,090	174,515
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	147,845	72,855	74,990	425,145	197,365	227,775
Location of study inside Canada	141,135	69,165	71,970	396,690	182,875	213,810
Same as province or territory of residence	138,430	67,685	70,745	315,140	141,965	173,175
Different than province or territory of residence	2,705	1,480	1,225	81,550	40,915	40,640
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	6,710	3,685	3,020	28,450	14,485	13,965
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	960	590	375	7,950	4,110	3,840
Philippines	35	0	40	1,530	540	995
India	45	20	20	1,755	935	825
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	215	135	75	5,530	3,225	2,305
China^{Census data footnote 162}	95	40	55	1,080	445	635
France	2,025	1,200	825	350	210	145
Other	3,345	1,700	1,640	10,255	5,030	5,225
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	163,390	81,025	82,365	494,510	237,800	256,710
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	55,160	28,825	26,330	176,560	92,420	84,140
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	108,235	52,205	56,035	317,950	145,380	172,575
Location of study inside Canada	103,170	49,610	53,560	297,430	135,465	161,965
Same as province or territory of residence	101,410	48,715	52,700	236,720	105,480	131,235
Different than province or territory of residence	1,755	895	865	60,710	29,980	30,730
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	5,065	2,590	2,475	20,525	9,915	10,605
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	585	310	275	4,905	2,370	2,540
Philippines	35	0	35	1,415	520	900
India	30	20	10	1,385	725	660
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	110	70	45	3,455	1,930	1,525
China^{Census data footnote 162}	80	30	50	810	335	475
France	1,490	840	650	245	140	100
Other	2,730	1,320	1,410	8,305	3,900	4,405
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	259,025	128,335	130,690	774,750	372,455	402,290
In the labour force	159,015	82,785	76,230	474,595	242,775	231,820
Employed	148,890	76,970	71,920	427,310	215,010	212,305
Unemployed	10,120	5,815	4,310	47,280	27,765	19,520
Not in the labour force	100,005	45,550	54,460	300,155	129,680	170,475
Participation rate	61.4	64.5	58.3	61.3	65.2	57.6
Employment rate	57.5	60.0	55.0	55.2	57.7	52.8
Unemployment rate	6.4	7.0	5.7	10.0	11.4	8.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	259,020	128,335	130,690	774,750	372,455	402,295
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	91,740	40,935	50,800	274,375	117,550	156,825
Worked	167,285	87,395	79,890	500,370	254,905	245,465
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	76,830	42,605	34,225	252,820	135,940	116,880
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	90,460	44,795	45,660	247,550	118,965	128,585
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.4	42.3	42.6	41.6	41.5	41.7
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	159,015	82,790	76,230	474,590	242,775	231,820
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	3,330	1,680	1,655	9,265	4,800	4,470
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	155,685	81,105	74,580	465,330	237,975	227,350
Employee	134,710	68,480	66,225	420,745	210,170	210,570
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	20,975	12,620	8,350	44,585	27,805	16,775
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	159,015	82,785	76,230	474,595	242,775	231,820
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	3,335	1,680	1,655	9,265	4,800	4,470
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	155,685	81,105	74,575	465,330	237,975	227,350
0 Management occupations	14,920	9,610	5,310	45,530	27,170	18,365
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	20,580	5,860	14,715	67,495	17,930	49,565
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	8,420	6,685	1,730	27,450	21,980	5,465
3 Health occupations	13,130	2,570	10,565	37,600	6,290	31,310
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	19,365	5,820	13,545	58,165	20,975	37,185
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	3,975	1,875	2,100	12,490	5,560	6,930
6 Sales and service occupations	35,140	14,645	20,490	113,135	45,385	67,750
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	23,775	22,570	1,200	67,625	64,200	3,430
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	3,720	2,960	760	18,380	15,730	2,650
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	12,670	8,515	4,155	17,460	12,755	4,705
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	159,015	82,785	76,230	474,595	242,775	231,820
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	3,330	1,680	1,650	9,265	4,795	4,465
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	155,685	81,105	74,575	465,330	237,975	227,350
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	5,875	4,215	1,660	17,775	14,165	3,610
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	355	335	20	4,025	3,630	390
22 Utilities	445	360	85	2,880	2,115	760
23 Construction	10,160	9,060	1,100	33,555	30,185	3,370
31-33 Manufacturing	26,020	18,755	7,265	32,375	23,565	8,810
41 Wholesale trade	3,785	2,660	1,120	13,345	9,650	3,690
44-45 Retail trade	18,335	8,270	10,070	59,570	26,295	33,280
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	5,140	4,065	1,080	19,660	14,980	4,680
51 Information and cultural industries	2,005	1,215	790	9,310	5,250	4,055
52 Finance and insurance	3,590	1,165	2,430	15,240	5,690	9,545
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,625	935	695	6,870	3,890	2,980
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	8,020	4,280	3,740	26,065	14,090	11,975
55 Management of companies and enterprises	55	30	25	625	255	365
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	5,895	3,575	2,320	22,240	12,950	9,295
61 Educational services	14,030	4,880	9,145	35,480	11,705	23,780
62 Health care and social assistance	22,735	4,310	18,425	64,390	10,435	53,955
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	2,705	1,505	1,195	9,385	4,555	4,835
72 Accommodation and food services	10,280	3,905	6,380	33,115	12,095	21,025
81 Other services (except public administration)	7,760	3,790	3,970	19,195	8,875	10,320
91 Public administration	6,870	3,810	3,055	40,225	23,590	16,635
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	148,895	76,975	71,920	427,310	215,010	212,300
Worked at home	11,930	6,310	5,625	28,075	13,780	14,300
Worked outside Canada	530	330	200	1,665	1,185	485
No fixed workplace address	12,650	9,780	2,875	51,545	38,965	12,575
Worked at usual place	123,780	60,555	63,225	346,020	161,075	184,945
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	123,775	60,550	63,225	346,020	161,075	184,945
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	73,535	34,555	38,985	251,000	116,125	134,875
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	13,595	6,430	7,165	57,510	23,850	33,655
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	36,415	19,440	16,980	32,230	17,425	14,805
Commute to a different province or territory	225	135	95	5,285	3,675	1,610
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	136,430	70,335	66,095	397,570	200,045	197,525
Car, truck, van - as a driver	116,405	60,945	55,460	310,240	159,660	150,580
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	5,510	2,325	3,185	29,150	12,090	17,055
Public transit	4,055	1,685	2,375	25,315	11,425	13,890
Walked	8,350	3,985	4,365	24,870	11,635	13,235
Bicycle	915	730	190	2,480	1,695	785
Other method	1,190	660	525	5,520	3,535	1,985
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	136,435	70,335	66,095	397,565	200,045	197,525
Less than 15 minutes	54,140	26,750	27,390	136,245	62,375	73,880
15 to 29 minutes	52,685	26,220	26,465	145,310	73,055	72,260
30 to 44 minutes	19,550	10,980	8,570	69,795	37,770	32,025
45 to 59 minutes	5,340	3,055	2,285	24,405	13,070	11,335
60 minutes and over	4,715	3,330	1,380	21,815	13,785	8,030
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	136,430	70,335	66,100	397,570	200,045	197,520
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	6,330	4,610	1,725	23,775	16,345	7,430
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	25,960	17,810	8,145	76,185	44,615	31,570
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	47,120	22,570	24,545	119,920	60,740	59,185
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	26,310	10,390	15,925	83,505	32,835	50,670
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	9,795	3,750	6,045	35,470	14,005	21,465
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	20,910	11,200	9,710	58,715	31,510	27,205
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	172,050	89,525	82,525	514,080	261,365	252,710
Single responses	165,780	86,215	79,565	510,800	259,940	250,860
Official languages	165,465	86,055	79,410	509,100	258,990	250,105
English	9,710	5,210	4,500	502,960	256,380	246,585
French	155,750	80,840	74,915	6,135	2,615	3,525
Non-official languages	315	165	150	1,705	950	755
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	650	350	295
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	650	355	295
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	645	350	290
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	645	355	295
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	315	165	155	1,055	600	455
Afro-Asiatic languages	25	20	0	195	150	45
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	25	25	10	190	150	45
Amharic	0	0	0	10	0	10
Arabic	25	20	10	165	135	30
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	25	15	10
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	10	0	10	0	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	0	10	10	0	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	15	10	15
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	20	0	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	10	0
Indo-European languages	245	120	125	385	225	160
Albanian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	10	30	20	15
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	25	20	10
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	25	20	10
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	40	30	10	190	115	75
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	10	10	10
Dutch	10	10	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	25	20	0	155	85	65
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages	95	40	55	50	30	20
Indo-Aryan languages	15	15	0	20	20	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	15	15	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	15	15	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	85	20	55	30	10	15
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	10	0	10	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	75	25	55	30	10	20
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	95	50	40	105	50	60
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	30	15	15
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	90	50	40	75	30	40
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	35	10	25
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	50	20	25
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	10	10	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	10	10	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	0	10	45	20	25
American Sign Language	0	0	0	20	10	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	10	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	25	15	15
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	10	0	310	165	145
Chinese languages	15	10	0	305	165	145
Cantonese	0	0	0	80	45	35
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	15	10	10	210	105	110
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	15	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	10	0	10
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Multiple responses	6,270	3,310	2,960	3,270	1,420	1,850
English and French	6,040	3,195	2,845	2,295	950	1,345
English and non-official language	35	20	15	930	460	470
French and non-official language	115	45	70	0	0	10
English, French and non-official language	75	45	30	40	15	30
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	172,050	89,525	82,525	514,075	261,365	252,710
None	126,570	65,565	61,010	491,875	250,710	241,170
English	38,830	20,460	18,375	5,115	2,370	2,745
French	5,615	2,985	2,635	13,405	6,555	6,855
Non-official language	615	295	320	3,430	1,600	1,825
Aboriginal	0	0	0	855	365	490
Non-Aboriginal	610	290	320	2,570	1,240	1,330
English and French	20	15	10	10	0	10
English and non-official language	335	175	160	0	10	0
French and non-official language	65	45	25	230	130	105
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	306,860	153,225	153,635	900,450	436,790	463,660
Non-movers	266,880	133,570	133,310	792,100	384,560	407,535
Movers	39,980	19,655	20,325	108,350	52,230	56,120
Non-migrants	23,955	11,840	12,120	68,165	32,930	35,235
Migrants	16,020	7,815	8,210	40,185	19,300	20,885
Internal migrants	13,820	6,700	7,120	33,720	16,055	17,665
Intraprovincial migrants	13,290	6,385	6,900	18,480	8,390	10,090
Interprovincial migrants	530	315	215	15,240	7,665	7,570
External migrants	2,210	1,115	1,090	6,470	3,240	3,225
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	293,505	146,275	147,240	866,425	419,580	446,845
Non-movers	184,780	92,635	92,145	582,705	283,125	299,575
Movers	108,730	53,640	55,095	283,720	136,455	147,265
Non-migrants	61,725	30,505	31,215	169,570	81,405	88,165
Migrants	47,010	23,130	23,875	114,150	55,045	59,100
Internal migrants	41,235	20,315	20,915	94,885	45,015	49,860
Intraprovincial migrants	39,995	19,690	20,300	50,330	23,230	27,095
Interprovincial migrants	1,245	625	615	44,555	21,785	22,770
External migrants	5,770	2,815	2,960	19,270	10,035	9,240

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

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Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 40 referrer

Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 42 referrer

Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Return to footnote 43 referrer

Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 44 referrer

Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Estrie [Economic region], Quebec and Nova Scotia [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 4, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Estrie [Economic region], Quebec and Nova Scotia [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Estrie [Economic region], Quebec and Nova Scotia [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Estrie [Economic region], Quebec and Nova Scotia [Province]