Census Profile, 2016 Census
Estrie [Economic region], Quebec and Manitoba [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Estrie Quebec [Economic region]			Manitoba [Province]
	Data quality , Estrie [Economic region], Quebec Map : Estrie [Economic region], Quebec Change geography 1			Data quality : Manitoba [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	319,004	...	...	1,278,365	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	310,684 ^r	...	...	1,208,268	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	2.7	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	164,784	...	...	539,748	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	142,875	...	...	489,050	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	31.2	...	...	2.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	10,212.00	...	...	552,370.99	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	319,005	158,050	160,950	1,278,365	631,400	646,970
0 to 14 years	51,140	26,585	24,550	243,820	125,110	118,710
0 to 4 years	16,580	8,630	7,950	81,065	41,710	39,355
5 to 9 years	18,035	9,290	8,740	83,375	42,565	40,805
10 to 14 years	16,525	8,660	7,860	79,380	40,835	38,545
15 to 64 years	201,760	101,120	100,645	835,580	417,260	418,320
15 to 19 years	17,100	8,795	8,310	82,440	42,555	39,890
20 to 24 years	19,775	10,030	9,740	86,760	44,465	42,295
25 to 29 years	17,975	9,100	8,875	86,695	43,570	43,125
30 to 34 years	18,210	9,290	8,920	85,185	42,210	42,975
35 to 39 years	19,555	9,880	9,675	81,105	39,885	41,215
40 to 44 years	17,585	8,705	8,875	79,325	39,530	39,795
45 to 49 years	18,545	9,400	9,150	79,350	39,220	40,130
50 to 54 years	23,245	11,400	11,845	89,840	44,485	45,355
55 to 59 years	25,260	12,370	12,895	87,765	43,555	44,210
60 to 64 years	24,505	12,150	12,360	77,110	37,780	39,325
65 years and over	66,105	30,350	35,755	198,965	89,025	109,945
65 to 69 years	22,220	11,000	11,220	64,905	31,280	33,625
70 to 74 years	16,930	8,305	8,625	45,980	21,940	24,040
75 to 79 years	10,835	5,005	5,830	33,555	15,250	18,305
80 to 84 years	7,800	3,365	4,435	25,315	10,740	14,575
85 years and over	8,330	2,680	5,650	29,210	9,810	19,395
85 to 89 years	5,085	1,875	3,210	17,335	6,460	10,875
90 to 94 years	2,515	665	1,845	8,945	2,710	6,230
95 to 99 years	665	130	530	2,520	580	1,940
100 years and over	70	10	65	415	60	350
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.0	16.8	15.3	19.1	19.8	18.3
15 to 64 years	63.2	64.0	62.5	65.4	66.1	64.7
65 years and over	20.7	19.2	22.2	15.6	14.1	17.0
85 years and over	2.6	1.7	3.5	2.3	1.6	3.0
Average age of the population	43.0	42.0	44.1	39.2	38.2	40.2
Median age of the population	44.5	43.0	45.9	38.3	37.2	39.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	142,875	...	...	489,050	...	...
Single-detached house	78,205	...	...	331,420	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	2,005	...	...	39,080	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	61,680	...	...	108,120	...	...
Semi-detached house	5,280	...	...	15,865	...	...
Row house	2,775	...	...	17,225	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	9,100	...	...	7,065	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	43,855	...	...	67,205	...	...
Other single-attached house	665	...	...	755	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	985	...	...	10,435	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	142,875	...	...	489,050	...	...
1 person	49,640	...	...	135,500	...	...
2 persons	53,735	...	...	164,880	...	...
3 persons	16,800	...	...	71,065	...	...
4 persons	14,745	...	...	66,675	...	...
5 or more persons	7,965	...	...	50,930	...	...
Number of persons in private households	310,010	...	...	1,240,700	...	...
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	267,865	131,465	136,400	1,034,545	506,280	528,260
Married or living common law	154,125	77,005	77,115	593,615	297,280	296,335
Married	87,595	43,800	43,800	503,390	252,210	251,175
Living common law	66,530	33,210	33,320	90,230	45,075	45,155
Not married and not living common law	113,745	54,460	59,285	440,925	209,000	231,930
Never married	73,885	40,375	33,505	300,415	162,440	137,980
Separated	3,265	1,620	1,645	24,845	11,080	13,765
Divorced	20,815	9,010	11,805	54,860	22,780	32,080
Widowed	15,785	3,455	12,330	60,805	12,700	48,100
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	88,945	...	...	346,160	...	...
2 persons	51,940	...	...	171,435	...	...
3 persons	15,805	...	...	71,630	...	...
4 persons	14,190	...	...	65,500	...	...
5 or more persons	7,005	...	...	37,600	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	88,945	...	...	346,160	...	...
Total couple families	75,625	...	...	287,200	...	...
Married couples	42,385	...	...	242,100	...	...
Common-law couples	33,235	...	...	45,100	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	13,325	...	...	58,960	...	...
Female parent	9,450	...	...	45,930	...	...
Male parent	3,880	...	...	13,025	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	75,620	...	...	287,205	...	...
Couples without children	44,010	...	...	137,135	...	...
Couples with children	31,610	...	...	150,070	...	...
1 child	11,840	...	...	55,730	...	...
2 children	13,070	...	...	59,965	...	...
3 or more children	6,705	...	...	34,375	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	13,325	...	...	58,960	...	...
1 child	7,935	...	...	34,305	...	...
2 children	3,965	...	...	15,895	...	...
3 or more children	1,425	...	...	8,765	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	64,220	32,035	32,190	212,415	104,435	107,980
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	142,875	...	...	489,050	...	...
One-census-family households	87,550	...	...	323,125	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	43,415	...	...	130,475	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	44,135	...	...	192,650	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	690	...	...	11,110	...	...
Non-census-family households	54,635	...	...	154,815	...	...
One-person households	49,640	...	...	135,495	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	5,000	...	...	19,315	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	315,010	156,545	158,470	1,261,620	624,095	637,520
English only	6,685	3,295	3,390	1,135,395	566,980	568,410
French only	179,590	84,580	95,010	1,485	680	800
English and French	127,565	68,125	59,445	108,460	49,205	59,255
Neither English nor French	1,170	545	625	16,285	7,235	9,050
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	315,015	156,545	158,465	1,261,620	624,100	637,520
English	21,745	10,920	10,825	1,203,025	596,475	606,550
French	289,040	143,420	145,620	39,200	18,880	20,325
English and French	3,110	1,695	1,415	3,545	1,755	1,790
Neither English nor French	1,115	515	605	15,840	6,985	8,860
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	23,300	11,770	11,535	40,975	19,760	21,215
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	7.4	7.5	7.3	3.2	3.2	3.3
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	315,010	156,545	158,465	1,261,620	624,095	637,520
Single responses	311,405	154,720	156,680	1,230,115	608,820	621,300
Official languages	299,345	148,690	150,655	941,130	468,430	472,705
English	19,645	9,860	9,785	900,610	448,960	451,645
French	279,700	138,825	140,870	40,520	19,465	21,055
Non-official languages	12,055	6,035	6,020	288,985	140,395	148,590
Aboriginal languages	20	5	10	29,710	14,265	15,440
Algonquian languages	10	5	5	28,070	13,505	14,565
Blackfoot	0	0	0	5	0	5
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	5	5	14,820	7,085	7,740
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	5
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	30	5	20
Plains Cree	0	0	0	70	25	40
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	745	305	440
Woods Cree	0	0	0	65	20	40
Cree, n.o.s.	5	5	5	13,915	6,725	7,195
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Malecite	0	0	0	0	5	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	10	5	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	13,235	6,410	6,825
Algonquin	5	5	5	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	6,730	3,180	3,550
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	6,505	3,235	3,265
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	5	0	0	815	375	445
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	815	380	440
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	810	375	435
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	5	0	0	5	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	5	0	0	80	20	60
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Inuktitut	5	0	0	65	20	45
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	15	5	10
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	5	0	5	5	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	80	40	40
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	5
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	630	305	330
Dakota	0	0	0	630	305	325
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	5
Non-Aboriginal languages	12,040	6,025	6,015	259,280	126,130	133,155
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,040	1,105	940	10,700	5,580	5,120
Berber languages	150	90	65	40	25	15
Kabyle	100	60	40	35	15	10
Berber languages, n.i.e.	45	35	15	10	10	5
Cushitic languages	10	10	5	1,750	875	875
Bilen	0	0	0	155	85	70
Oromo	0	0	0	345	175	170
Somali	10	5	5	1,245	610	640
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Semitic languages	1,840	985	850	8,840	4,640	4,200
Amharic	5	0	5	1,770	885	885
Arabic	1,790	965	825	4,695	2,500	2,190
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	5	5	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	0	10	545	320	225
Maltese	0	0	0	40	20	25
Tigrigna	0	0	0	1,770	905	865
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	10	5	5
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	65	35	30
Austro-Asiatic languages	265	120	145	4,180	1,970	2,205
Khmer (Cambodian)	60	25	35	280	135	145
Vietnamese	195	85	105	3,895	1,840	2,060
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5	0	5	5	0	0
Austronesian languages	95	25	75	52,905	24,685	28,220
Bikol	0	0	0	175	80	95
Cebuano	10	5	10	1,245	565	675
Fijian	0	0	0	35	15	15
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	390	170	220
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,365	630	730
Malagasy	20	10	10	0	0	5
Malay	5	0	5	175	65	105
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	655	315	340
Pangasinan	0	0	0	135	65	70
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	45	10	40	48,530	22,670	25,855
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	50	30	25
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	150	70	85
Creole languages	155	70	85	570	275	305
Haitian Creole	10	5	5	20	10	10
Creole, n.o.s.	140	60	80	290	140	145
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	265	120	145
Dravidian languages	30	20	15	1,565	825	735
Kannada	5	0	5	95	50	40
Malayalam	10	5	5	790	410	380
Tamil	15	10	5	480	255	230
Telugu	5	5	5	195	115	80
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Indo-European languages	7,685	3,840	3,845	158,350	77,605	80,750
Albanian	25	10	15	350	170	180
Armenian	20	15	10	65	35	30
Balto-Slavic languages	1,575	755	820	34,450	15,845	18,605
Baltic languages	10	5	0	165	65	95
Latvian	5	0	5	80	35	45
Lithuanian	5	5	5	85	35	45
Slavic languages	1,565	750	815	34,280	15,775	18,510
Belarusan	0	0	0	40	20	25
Bosnian	205	105	105	575	285	290
Bulgarian	30	15	15	140	70	65
Croatian	55	20	35	1,030	505	530
Czech	25	15	10	615	310	310
Macedonian	5	5	0	145	70	75
Polish	205	90	115	6,455	2,905	3,545
Russian	200	75	120	9,130	4,495	4,640
Serbian	400	210	185	655	335	320
Serbo-Croatian	355	180	180	240	110	130
Slovak	25	10	15	405	175	225
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	0	270	130	140
Ukrainian	50	20	25	14,505	6,325	8,180
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	75	40	30
Celtic languages	0	5	0	115	60	55
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	50	25	20
Welsh	0	0	0	60	30	30
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Germanic languages	640	310	330	68,670	33,310	35,360
Afrikaans	0	0	0	420	220	205
Danish	15	5	15	280	145	135
Dutch	115	50	65	2,675	1,335	1,335
Frisian	0	0	0	55	30	25
German	465	235	235	63,825	30,940	32,890
Icelandic	0	0	0	475	210	260
Norwegian	5	5	0	115	45	65
Swedish	10	0	5	135	70	70
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	5	10	310	125	180
Yiddish	5	0	0	355	175	180
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	25	10	10
Greek	85	55	30	1,285	665	615
Indo-Iranian languages	1,610	820	790	32,325	17,135	15,195
Indo-Aryan languages	270	130	135	29,520	15,700	13,820
Bengali	15	10	5	1,170	675	495
Gujarati	10	5	5	3,115	1,660	1,455
Hindi	10	5	5	2,270	1,215	1,060
Kashmiri	0	0	0	5	5	5
Konkani	0	0	0	35	20	15
Marathi	10	0	5	135	80	50
Nepali	185	90	95	720	355	365
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	10	5	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	10	5	18,320	9,650	8,670
Sindhi	0	0	0	60	30	30
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	5	670	345	320
Urdu	20	15	10	3,015	1,655	1,355
Iranian languages	1,335	690	645	2,705	1,365	1,335
Kurdish	30	15	15	415	210	200
Pashto	50	30	25	275	130	150
Persian (Farsi)	1,260	650	610	2,020	1,030	990
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	100	60	40
Italic (Romance) languages	3,735	1,875	1,860	21,100	10,385	10,710
Catalan	15	10	5	0	0	5
Italian	275	175	100	3,840	1,910	1,930
Portuguese	265	130	135	6,585	3,190	3,390
Romanian	205	100	105	645	310	335
Spanish	2,980	1,460	1,515	10,005	4,965	5,040
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	10
Japanese	50	15	35	540	185	350
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Georgian	0	0	0	15	5	5
Korean	40	15	20	3,760	1,810	1,950
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	20	5	15
Mongolian	0	0	0	20	5	15
Niger-Congo languages	1,000	495	505	3,895	1,965	1,930
Akan (Twi)	0	5	0	150	90	65
Bamanankan	25	10	10	75	25	45
Edo	0	0	0	40	20	15
Ewe	25	5	15	30	20	10
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	10	0	65	35	30
Ga	0	0	0	15	10	5
Ganda	0	0	0	50	20	30
Igbo	5	0	0	280	155	130
Lingala	55	30	25	75	30	40
Rundi (Kirundi)	175	85	85	135	60	65
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	115	50	60	250	125	120
Shona	0	0	0	110	50	60
Swahili	205	95	110	870	420	455
Wolof	95	60	35	75	50	25
Yoruba	5	0	0	1,030	525	505
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	300	140	160	640	315	325
Nilo-Saharan languages	40	15	25	395	215	180
Dinka	5	0	0	175	90	80
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	40	15	25	225	125	100
Sign languages	40	20	20	440	230	210
American Sign Language	0	0	0	240	125	115
Quebec Sign Language	15	10	5	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	20	10	10	195	100	95
Sino-Tibetan languages	420	195	225	18,880	9,320	9,565
Chinese languages	420	195	220	18,305	9,025	9,280
Cantonese	65	30	35	6,625	3,140	3,485
Hakka	0	0	0	55	30	25
Mandarin	300	145	155	10,170	5,110	5,060
Min Dong	0	0	0	5	5	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	325	150	165
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	5	110	55	50
Chinese, n.o.s.	45	20	20	1,010	530	475
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	5	5	5	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	575	295	285
Burmese	0	0	0	85	50	30
Karenic languages	0	0	0	430	215	220
Tibetan	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	20	35
Tai-Kadai languages	45	15	30	1,120	525	595
Lao	25	15	15	875	445	430
Thai	20	5	15	240	85	165
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	5	0	0
Turkic languages	60	30	25	340	190	150
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	30	20	15
Turkish	55	30	20	210	120	95
Uyghur	0	0	0	10	5	10
Uzbek	5	0	5	40	25	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	25	20
Uralic languages	60	35	20	1,440	655	790
Estonian	5	0	5	30	10	15
Finnish	10	0	0	225	85	135
Hungarian	50	30	20	1,185	550	635
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	155	85	70
Multiple responses	3,610	1,820	1,785	31,505	15,280	16,220
English and French	2,520	1,270	1,250	4,365	2,140	2,230
English and non-official language	165	80	85	25,965	12,530	13,440
French and non-official language	815	410	400	695	380	315
English, French and non-official language	110	60	50	470	230	245
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	315,010	156,545	158,470	1,261,620	624,100	637,520
Single responses	309,865	154,010	155,855	1,197,145	593,020	604,120
Official languages	303,025	150,550	152,475	1,052,345	521,280	531,065
English	19,560	9,770	9,785	1,035,475	513,465	522,010
French	283,465	140,775	142,690	16,865	7,815	9,055
Non-official languages	6,845	3,465	3,380	144,800	71,740	73,060
Aboriginal languages	5	0	0	15,770	8,020	7,750
Algonquian languages	5	5	0	15,070	7,675	7,390
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	7,570	3,860	3,715
Atikamekw	5	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	10	5	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	10	5	5
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	120	45	75
Woods Cree	0	0	0	15	10	5
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	7,415	3,790	3,620
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	7,495	3,820	3,675
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	2,505	1,280	1,225
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	4,990	2,545	2,455
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	635	305	330
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	635	305	330
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	630	305	330
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	15	5	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	10	5	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	10	5	10
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	35	25	10
Dakota	0	0	0	35	25	10
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	6,840	3,460	3,380	129,035	63,725	65,310
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,040	540	500	6,875	3,475	3,400
Berber languages	40	25	15	20	15	5
Kabyle	30	15	10	15	10	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	5	5
Cushitic languages	5	5	5	1,185	550	630
Bilen	0	0	0	120	65	55
Oromo	0	0	0	210	95	115
Somali	10	5	5	845	385	460
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	10	0
Semitic languages	975	505	470	5,650	2,895	2,750
Amharic	0	0	0	1,045	520	525
Arabic	940	490	450	3,105	1,600	1,505
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	5	5	5	0	5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	355	195	160
Maltese	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tigrigna	0	0	0	1,135	580	555
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	20	5	5	25	15	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	155	70	85	2,900	1,370	1,530
Khmer (Cambodian)	30	15	20	125	55	70
Vietnamese	120	55	60	2,775	1,315	1,460
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	10	0	5	27,215	13,065	14,155
Bikol	0	0	0	30	15	15
Cebuano	0	0	5	495	250	245
Fijian	0	0	0	15	5	10
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	125	55	75
Ilocano	0	0	0	390	190	200
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	55	25	30
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	245	120	130
Pangasinan	0	0	0	30	15	15
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	5	25,790	12,375	13,420
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	10	5	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	15	15
Creole languages	50	30	20	290	120	165
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	10	5	5
Creole, n.o.s.	50	30	20	165	75	85
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	115	45	75
Dravidian languages	15	10	5	800	400	400
Kannada	10	5	5	45	25	25
Malayalam	0	5	0	405	195	205
Tamil	0	5	0	240	120	120
Telugu	0	0	0	110	60	50
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	4,735	2,385	2,350	70,820	35,325	35,495
Albanian	10	5	5	155	80	75
Armenian	5	5	5	20	10	5
Balto-Slavic languages	925	450	480	11,685	5,670	6,015
Baltic languages	0	0	5	25	10	15
Latvian	0	0	0	15	5	5
Lithuanian	5	0	5	10	5	5
Slavic languages	925	450	470	11,660	5,660	6,000
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	5	0
Bosnian	110	55	55	285	145	140
Bulgarian	15	5	10	65	30	30
Croatian	30	10	15	320	145	180
Czech	15	5	5	115	55	60
Macedonian	5	0	0	85	35	45
Polish	90	45	50	2,010	910	1,105
Russian	115	50	65	5,530	2,780	2,745
Serbian	295	155	145	335	170	170
Serbo-Croatian	225	110	110	90	40	50
Slovak	10	5	5	70	35	35
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	55	20	30
Ukrainian	15	5	10	2,690	1,285	1,405
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	10	5	5
Celtic languages	0	0	0	20	15	10
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	5	5	0
Welsh	0	0	0	10	5	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	140	60	80	25,825	12,700	13,125
Afrikaans	0	0	0	200	100	100
Danish	0	0	0	10	5	5
Dutch	10	0	10	270	135	130
Frisian	0	0	0	10	5	5
German	130	55	70	24,795	12,185	12,615
Icelandic	0	0	0	35	15	20
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Swedish	0	0	0	10	5	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	5	15	5	10
Yiddish	5	0	5	10	5	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	465	240	225
Greek	35	20	15	535	255	280
Indo-Iranian languages	1,270	645	625	22,810	11,920	10,890
Indo-Aryan languages	205	105	100	21,010	11,055	9,950
Bengali	5	0	0	690	390	305
Gujarati	0	0	0	2,100	1,095	1,005
Hindi	5	0	5	1,335	715	620
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	10	5	5
Marathi	0	5	5	40	25	20
Nepali	170	85	85	540	265	280
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	5	5	14,000	7,330	6,670
Sindhi	0	0	0	30	10	15
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	0	360	190	170
Urdu	5	5	5	1,895	1,035	860
Iranian languages	1,065	545	525	1,755	835	920
Kurdish	15	10	5	275	135	140
Pashto	25	15	10	165	70	95
Persian (Farsi)	1,025	515	510	1,315	635	685
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	25	20
Italic (Romance) languages	2,335	1,190	1,145	9,765	4,670	5,090
Catalan	10	5	0	0	0	0
Italian	50	20	30	1,035	450	590
Portuguese	175	85	85	2,800	1,305	1,500
Romanian	105	55	50	235	110	125
Spanish	2,000	1,020	980	5,695	2,810	2,885
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	25	10	15	175	75	105
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	10	5	0
Georgian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Korean	30	15	15	2,915	1,430	1,490
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Mongolian	0	0	0	5	5	5
Niger-Congo languages	370	175	190	1,410	695	720
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	45	30	20
Bamanankan	5	5	5	15	5	5
Edo	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ewe	15	5	10	5	5	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	35	15	15
Ga	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	5	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	75	40	35
Lingala	25	15	10	40	20	20
Rundi (Kirundi)	70	30	35	65	35	35
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	10	10	105	55	50
Shona	0	0	0	10	5	10
Swahili	100	50	50	500	240	265
Wolof	20	20	10	25	20	10
Yoruba	0	0	0	345	175	170
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	110	45	60	125	50	75
Nilo-Saharan languages	25	15	10	130	60	70
Dinka	0	0	0	80	35	45
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	55	30	25
Sign languages	50	30	20	560	310	255
American Sign Language	0	0	0	255	135	120
Quebec Sign Language	10	10	5	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	40	20	20	305	170	135
Sino-Tibetan languages	280	145	140	13,910	6,920	6,985
Chinese languages	280	145	140	13,445	6,685	6,765
Cantonese	25	15	10	4,455	2,105	2,350
Hakka	0	0	0	25	10	15
Mandarin	230	110	120	8,080	4,105	3,975
Min Dong	0	0	0	5	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	135	65	70
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	0	65	30	35
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	20	10	675	365	315
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	465	235	225
Burmese	0	0	0	55	30	25
Karenic languages	0	0	0	370	190	180
Tibetan	0	0	0	5	0	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	20
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	10	535	250	280
Lao	5	0	5	430	210	220
Thai	5	5	0	105	40	65
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	35	20	15	135	70	65
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	10	5	10
Turkish	35	20	15	65	35	35
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	5	0	0	35	20	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15
Uralic languages	10	5	10	305	140	165
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	35	15	15
Hungarian	10	0	10	270	125	145
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	25	20
Multiple responses	5,145	2,535	2,610	64,475	31,080	33,400
English and French	2,620	1,310	1,310	3,090	1,440	1,645
English and non-official language	250	125	130	60,090	28,995	31,090
French and non-official language	1,950	925	1,025	415	215	205
English, French and non-official language	325	175	150	885	420	455
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	315,010	156,545	158,465	1,261,615	624,095	637,520
None	284,180	140,805	143,375	1,079,050	535,990	543,065
English	17,615	9,125	8,490	76,350	37,795	38,550
French	8,610	4,325	4,285	20,200	9,130	11,075
Non-official language	3,625	1,805	1,820	83,315	39,860	43,455
Aboriginal	15	10	5	16,105	7,590	8,515
Non-Aboriginal	3,610	1,800	1,815	67,215	32,275	34,940
English and French	360	185	170	305	150	150
English and non-official language	475	230	245	1,610	815	790
French and non-official language	140	60	75	770	345	420
English, French and non-official language	10	10	5	20	5	10
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	259,015	128,345	130,675	1,001,305	491,590	509,715
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	251,420	124,820	126,605	954,035	467,790	486,250
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,759	35,152	26,747	34,188	40,379	29,220
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	251,495	124,825	126,670	954,205	467,820	486,390
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	27,800	31,038	24,733	30,465	35,150	26,561
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	222,965	112,985	109,985	859,545	431,145	428,400
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	27,154	32,219	22,668	32,592	39,229	26,692
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	199,980	94,945	105,035	701,840	309,530	392,310
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,095	7,143	8,764	4,268	1,890	5,434
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	176,030	92,150	83,880	722,785	374,850	347,935
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,103	32,081	24,638	33,677	39,365	28,679
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	259,025	128,335	130,690	1,001,305	491,580	509,725
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	251,465	124,790	126,680	953,960	467,575	486,385
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,297	43,029	33,635	43,767	51,068	36,747
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	251,520	124,790	126,730	954,175	467,605	486,565
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,087	35,342	28,880	35,957	41,013	31,097
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	223,100	113,225	109,880	859,575	431,035	428,540
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,131	40,413	29,688	42,776	50,803	34,704
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	199,910	94,900	105,005	701,830	308,940	392,890
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,967	8,366	9,511	7,099	6,411	7,640
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	176,035	92,085	83,950	722,785	374,535	348,250
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,074	38,986	30,783	42,551	49,417	35,168
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	259,025	128,335	130,690	1,001,310	491,580	509,725
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	75,255	41,505	33,745	350,580	201,335	149,245
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	41,631	45,116	38,350	50,026	54,580	44,818
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	48,832	52,761	44,000	59,523	65,410	51,581
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	81.6	85.5	76.5	88.0	91.7	83.1
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	63.9	66.6	60.5	73.6	77.4	68.6
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	18.4	14.5	23.5	12.0	8.3	16.9
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	259,015	128,345	130,675	1,001,310	491,585	509,720
Without total income	7,590	3,525	4,070	47,270	23,800	23,470
With total income	251,425	124,815	126,605	954,040	467,790	486,245
Percentage with total income	97.1	97.2	96.9	95.3	95.2	95.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	28,805	12,690	16,115	137,700	62,550	75,150
$10,000 to $19,999	51,015	20,800	30,215	150,320	58,320	91,995
$20,000 to $29,999	43,115	19,645	23,470	136,510	54,950	81,560
$30,000 to $39,999	36,475	18,310	18,165	123,685	55,805	67,885
$40,000 to $49,999	30,545	15,985	14,565	109,710	54,650	55,060
$50,000 to $59,999	20,425	11,650	8,775	80,625	45,170	35,460
$60,000 to $69,999	13,165	7,805	5,355	58,785	35,250	23,535
$70,000 to $79,999	9,320	5,435	3,880	43,365	26,465	16,895
$80,000 to $89,999	5,805	3,660	2,150	34,000	20,100	13,905
$90,000 to $99,999	3,445	2,295	1,150	21,980	13,545	8,440
$100,000 and over	9,305	6,540	2,765	57,355	40,985	16,370
$100,000 to $149,999	6,230	4,285	1,945	40,870	28,585	12,285
$150,000 and over	3,080	2,255	820	16,490	12,395	4,090
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	259,020	128,345	130,670	1,001,305	491,585	509,720
Without after-tax income	7,525	3,515	4,005	47,100	23,770	23,330
With after-tax income	251,495	124,825	126,670	954,205	467,820	486,390
Percentage with after-tax income	97.1	97.3	96.9	95.3	95.2	95.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	30,070	13,000	17,070	142,035	63,525	78,510
$10,000 to $19,999	53,690	22,025	31,665	161,865	63,410	98,460
$20,000 to $29,999	52,435	24,745	27,690	165,880	68,985	96,895
$30,000 to $39,999	45,885	23,960	21,925	153,680	73,335	80,350
$40,000 to $49,999	30,060	16,790	13,270	116,415	63,755	52,660
$50,000 to $59,999	17,060	9,905	7,155	78,105	46,940	31,160
$60,000 to $69,999	9,705	5,780	3,920	53,870	32,165	21,705
$70,000 to $79,999	4,675	3,070	1,605	31,690	19,680	12,010
$80,000 and over	7,925	5,545	2,380	50,655	36,025	14,630
$80,000 to $89,999	2,490	1,685	805	18,025	12,260	5,760
$90,000 to $99,999	1,500	1,040	460	10,325	7,305	3,015
$100,000 and over	3,930	2,820	1,115	22,305	16,460	5,850
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	259,015	128,340	130,675	1,001,305	491,590	509,720
Without employment income	82,985	36,195	46,790	278,525	116,740	161,775
With employment income	176,030	92,150	83,885	722,785	374,845	347,940
Percentage with employment income	68.0	71.8	64.2	72.2	76.3	68.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	25,600	13,385	12,210	90,045	42,675	47,375
$5,000 to $9,999	14,900	6,630	8,275	54,560	23,875	30,690
$10,000 to $19,999	27,465	12,375	15,090	94,460	41,920	52,535
$20,000 to $29,999	24,505	11,350	13,155	89,540	39,650	49,895
$30,000 to $39,999	23,595	11,890	11,705	88,340	41,905	46,440
$40,000 to $49,999	18,680	10,290	8,395	77,755	40,205	37,550
$50,000 to $59,999	12,860	7,900	4,960	58,900	34,355	24,550
$60,000 to $69,999	8,515	5,225	3,290	44,085	27,115	16,970
$70,000 to $79,999	7,005	4,070	2,930	34,450	21,375	13,075
$80,000 and over	12,910	9,040	3,870	90,650	61,780	28,865
$80,000 to $89,999	4,085	2,790	1,295	28,365	16,860	11,505
$90,000 to $99,999	2,505	1,700	810	17,635	11,355	6,275
$100,000 and over	6,325	4,560	1,765	44,650	33,560	11,095
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	142,875	...	...	489,050	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	53,336	...	...	68,147	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	47,396	...	...	59,093	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	49,640	...	...	135,495	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	27,363	...	...	35,846	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	25,462	...	...	31,538	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	93,240	...	...	353,550	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	71,212	...	...	84,532	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	62,234	...	...	72,688	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	142,875	...	...	489,050	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	67,404	...	...	85,373	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	56,486	...	...	70,154	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	49,520	...	...	135,440	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	35,256	...	...	44,208	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	30,000	...	...	36,503	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	93,355	...	...	353,605	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	84,459	...	...	101,140	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	70,537	...	...	83,044	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	142,875	...	...	489,050	...	...
Under $5,000	1,560	...	...	9,250	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	2,515	...	...	8,175	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	6,205	...	...	11,450	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	8,380	...	...	18,260	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	8,670	...	...	21,395	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	6,950	...	...	19,035	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	8,690	...	...	21,090	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	8,515	...	...	21,745	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	8,080	...	...	21,605	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	7,335	...	...	21,225	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	12,935	...	...	40,240	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	11,340	...	...	37,910	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	9,750	...	...	34,275	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	8,165	...	...	31,555	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	6,640	...	...	27,215	...	...
$100,000 and over	27,145	...	...	144,620	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	11,685	...	...	52,495	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	6,590	...	...	34,595	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,345	...	...	34,670	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,525	...	...	22,865	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	142,875	...	...	489,050	...	...
Under $5,000	1,670	...	...	9,725	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	2,560	...	...	8,315	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	6,285	...	...	11,860	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	8,815	...	...	19,325	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	9,790	...	...	24,370	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	8,370	...	...	22,665	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	10,700	...	...	25,915	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	10,010	...	...	26,725	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	9,045	...	...	25,965	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	8,470	...	...	25,290	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	15,040	...	...	48,610	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	12,450	...	...	44,280	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	9,950	...	...	38,890	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	7,725	...	...	32,370	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	5,905	...	...	26,890	...	...
$100,000 and over	16,095	...	...	97,850	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	8,690	...	...	46,355	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,630	...	...	24,795	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,775	...	...	26,705	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	89,410	...	...	341,205	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	72,139	...	...	84,441	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	62,774	...	...	72,563	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	42,810	...	...	127,580	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	64,177	...	...	79,103	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	56,075	...	...	67,596	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	31,765	...	...	150,585	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	97,451	...	...	104,902	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	83,251	...	...	89,307	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.0	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	12,975	...	...	52,215	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	48,929	...	...	49,922	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	45,048	...	...	46,048	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	89,410	...	...	341,235	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	85,467	...	...	101,410	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	71,202	...	...	83,132	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	42,810	...	...	127,710	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	77,658	...	...	95,583	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	64,462	...	...	77,743	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	31,875	...	...	150,695	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	108,853	...	...	122,176	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	89,818	...	...	99,399	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,875	...	...	52,130	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	55,576	...	...	60,006	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	48,766	...	...	52,307	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	59,725	29,890	29,840	175,270	86,935	88,335
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	25,549	27,536	24,173	32,927	35,568	30,818
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	24,171	25,337	23,205	29,429	31,130	28,062
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	59,605	29,690	29,910	174,945	86,380	88,565
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	33,360	35,100	31,634	40,853	43,332	38,434
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	28,589	29,591	27,595	33,961	35,291	32,663
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	310,010	154,840	155,175	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
In the bottom half of the distribution	198,270	97,430	100,840	687,930	332,640	355,290
In the bottom decile	31,435	15,715	15,715	151,750	74,825	76,930
In the second decile	40,730	18,825	21,905	135,485	62,035	73,450
In the third decile	44,980	21,990	22,985	135,395	64,805	70,590
In the fourth decile	42,705	21,350	21,355	132,755	65,185	67,575
In the fifth decile	38,430	19,545	18,880	132,540	65,790	66,750
In the top half of the distribution	111,740	57,410	54,330	552,770	281,805	270,965
In the sixth decile	34,025	17,505	16,525	127,575	64,305	63,265
In the seventh decile	28,560	14,570	13,990	123,505	62,770	60,735
In the eighth decile	21,985	11,295	10,695	116,805	59,460	57,350
In the ninth decile	15,515	8,045	7,470	104,820	53,835	50,980
In the top decile	11,650	5,995	5,655	80,070	41,435	38,640
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	310,015	154,840	155,175	1,175,720	581,585	594,135
0 to 17 years	60,990	31,675	29,315	260,905	134,075	126,830
0 to 5 years	20,145	10,510	9,635	85,935	44,240	41,695
18 to 64 years	190,065	94,870	95,190	737,035	365,965	371,070
65 years and over	58,955	28,290	30,670	177,780	81,540	96,235
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	50,665	23,960	26,710	180,880	85,185	95,690
0 to 17 years	9,210	4,790	4,420	57,185	29,390	27,790
0 to 5 years	2,930	1,525	1,400	21,325	10,970	10,355
18 to 64 years	29,745	14,620	15,125	98,920	46,630	52,285
65 years and over	11,710	4,545	7,165	24,785	9,165	15,615
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	16.3	15.5	17.2	15.4	14.6	16.1
0 to 17 years (%)	15.1	15.1	15.1	21.9	21.9	21.9
0 to 5 years (%)	14.5	14.5	14.5	24.8	24.8	24.8
18 to 64 years (%)	15.6	15.4	15.9	13.4	12.7	14.1
65 years and over (%)	19.9	16.1	23.4	13.9	11.2	16.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	22,835	11,700	11,135	115,965	56,255	59,705
0 to 17 years	3,610	1,830	1,785	33,260	17,040	16,220
0 to 5 years	1,130	570	560	12,310	6,325	5,985
18 to 64 years	17,955	9,320	8,635	73,655	35,895	37,760
65 years and over	1,280	555	725	9,045	3,325	5,725
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	7.4	7.6	7.2	9.9	9.7	10.0
0 to 17 years (%)	5.9	5.8	6.1	12.7	12.7	12.8
0 to 5 years (%)	5.6	5.4	5.8	14.3	14.3	14.4
18 to 64 years (%)	9.4	9.8	9.1	10.0	9.8	10.2
65 years and over (%)	2.2	2.0	2.4	5.1	4.1	5.9
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	310,015	154,840	155,175	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Official languages	308,815	154,305	154,510	1,224,985	607,375	617,605
English	132,885	71,195	61,690	1,223,665	606,760	616,905
French	302,215	151,075	151,145	108,560	49,435	59,130
Non-official languages	23,100	11,175	11,920	340,250	165,150	175,100
Aboriginal languages	25	20	0	40,465	19,410	21,050
Algonquian languages	10	10	0	38,305	18,375	19,930
Blackfoot	0	0	0	10	0	10
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	20,975	10,025	10,955
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	10
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	85	25	55
Plains Cree	0	0	0	190	90	100
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	1,140	505	640
Woods Cree	0	0	0	130	65	65
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	19,435	9,340	10,095
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Malecite	0	0	0	10	10	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	10	0	17,710	8,520	9,185
Algonquin	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ojibway	10	0	0	9,685	4,560	5,125
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	8,045	3,975	4,070
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	1,120	525	595
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	1,110	520	590
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	1,110	520	595
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	20	10	10	110	55	55
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Inuktitut	15	10	0	80	35	45
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	10
Iroquoian languages	10	0	10	15	10	10
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	10	15	10	10
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	10
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	210	115	95
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	10	0	10
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	760	365	395
Dakota	0	0	0	760	360	400
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35	15	20
Non-Aboriginal languages	23,075	11,160	11,910	299,900	145,795	154,110
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,685	1,395	1,290	15,730	8,320	7,410
Berber languages	260	170	90	85	50	40
Kabyle	170	115	55	45	25	20
Berber languages, n.i.e.	90	55	30	50	35	10
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	2,300	1,195	1,105
Bilen	0	0	0	210	120	85
Oromo	0	0	0	535	275	260
Somali	0	0	0	1,550	790	760
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	15	10
Semitic languages	2,590	1,330	1,265	13,685	7,300	6,390
Amharic	0	0	0	2,475	1,370	1,105
Arabic	2,535	1,315	1,225	6,650	3,590	3,055
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15	15	10	15	0	10
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	10	0
Hebrew	40	10	30	3,370	1,735	1,635
Maltese	0	0	0	65	30	35
Tigrigna	0	0	0	2,225	1,175	1,050
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	15	10	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	155	80	80
Austro-Asiatic languages	275	145	130	5,230	2,545	2,685
Khmer (Cambodian)	80	35	40	335	185	150
Vietnamese	195	105	90	4,905	2,370	2,535
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	105	30	75	65,305	30,220	35,090
Bikol	0	0	0	225	100	125
Cebuano	30	0	30	1,615	805	810
Fijian	0	0	0	65	35	30
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	425	180	245
Ilocano	10	0	10	1,875	880	990
Malagasy	30	20	10	0	0	0
Malay	10	10	0	375	180	195
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	945	415	530
Pangasinan	0	0	0	205	100	110
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	55	10	50	64,165	29,640	34,520
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	115	55	55
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	200	80	120
Creole languages	400	190	210	1,310	605	705
Haitian Creole	35	10	25	25	10	15
Creole, n.o.s.	355	185	175	635	310	315
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	680	305	375
Dravidian languages	40	20	15	1,840	945	895
Kannada	0	0	0	175	95	80
Malayalam	0	0	0	830	400	430
Tamil	20	10	15	655	330	325
Telugu	15	10	10	255	150	110
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	17,105	8,220	8,880	175,950	86,435	89,510
Albanian	25	10	15	390	195	195
Armenian	40	25	20	65	50	15
Balto-Slavic languages	2,055	1,005	1,045	39,530	18,780	20,745
Baltic languages	0	0	0	230	90	140
Latvian	0	0	0	115	45	70
Lithuanian	0	0	0	120	50	65
Slavic languages	2,055	1,005	1,045	39,360	18,720	20,640
Belarusan	0	0	0	65	25	45
Bosnian	270	135	140	835	405	430
Bulgarian	80	45	35	155	95	60
Croatian	145	50	95	1,595	765	825
Czech	65	35	30	735	335	395
Macedonian	0	0	0	140	75	60
Polish	255	130	125	7,655	3,625	4,035
Russian	360	185	175	13,455	6,715	6,740
Serbian	540	275	270	870	470	400
Serbo-Croatian	385	190	190	190	75	115
Slovak	55	20	35	480	215	260
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	10	10	275	100	175
Ukrainian	70	20	50	17,095	7,795	9,305
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	70	35	30
Celtic languages	10	10	0	225	125	100
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	90	65	25
Welsh	0	0	0	90	45	45
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	45	15	25
Germanic languages	1,550	865	685	68,285	33,250	35,035
Afrikaans	0	0	0	715	330	385
Danish	30	15	20	270	120	150
Dutch	195	110	80	3,120	1,555	1,565
Frisian	0	0	0	90	65	30
German	1,285	720	560	61,760	30,170	31,600
Icelandic	0	0	0	560	225	335
Norwegian	20	15	0	290	115	175
Swedish	40	30	10	270	125	150
Vlaams (Flemish)	25	0	20	270	120	155
Yiddish	0	0	0	545	235	315
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	2,490	1,285	1,205
Greek	145	80	65	2,010	1,015	1,000
Indo-Iranian languages	1,875	985	890	38,760	20,480	18,280
Indo-Aryan languages	450	260	195	35,830	18,990	16,835
Bengali	20	0	15	1,520	885	635
Gujarati	20	10	10	3,905	2,065	1,840
Hindi	75	55	20	12,900	6,900	6,000
Kashmiri	0	0	0	20	15	10
Konkani	0	0	0	40	30	10
Marathi	0	0	0	275	170	105
Nepali	100	65	35	600	285	315
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	15	10	10
Punjabi (Panjabi)	35	20	15	22,900	12,035	10,865
Sindhi	0	10	0	150	85	65
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	20	10	920	500	420
Urdu	215	95	115	4,600	2,540	2,060
Iranian languages	1,595	810	785	3,035	1,525	1,515
Kurdish	15	10	0	600	295	305
Pashto	140	70	70	290	135	150
Persian (Farsi)	1,530	780	750	2,295	1,175	1,120
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	230	125	105
Italic (Romance) languages	11,980	5,550	6,430	34,360	16,630	17,735
Catalan	35	15	15	15	10	10
Italian	920	435	480	5,350	2,610	2,735
Portuguese	545	295	255	8,460	4,125	4,335
Romanian	180	95	85	785	395	390
Spanish	10,715	4,930	5,785	20,605	9,910	10,695
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	20	20	0	60	45	15
Japanese	175	90	85	1,160	550	605
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	10	0	15
Georgian	0	0	0	15	0	15
Korean	55	25	35	4,240	2,100	2,145
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	55	20	35
Mongolian	0	0	0	55	20	30
Niger-Congo languages	1,670	850	820	7,970	4,125	3,845
Akan (Twi)	0	10	0	260	165	95
Bamanankan	90	60	30	160	95	65
Edo	0	0	0	95	60	30
Ewe	15	10	10	50	30	20
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	15	15	0	50	25	25
Ga	0	0	0	30	10	15
Ganda	0	10	0	230	110	120
Igbo	0	0	0	665	345	325
Lingala	235	110	120	655	315	345
Rundi (Kirundi)	250	140	120	205	105	105
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	110	50	55	305	155	155
Shona	0	0	0	250	110	140
Swahili	440	230	205	1,930	1,020	905
Wolof	225	105	115	150	85	70
Yoruba	0	10	0	2,630	1,330	1,295
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	510	255	250	1,440	765	680
Nilo-Saharan languages	55	10	45	410	225	185
Dinka	0	0	0	180	105	75
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	55	15	45	225	120	105
Sign languages	285	95	190	2,670	985	1,685
American Sign Language	10	0	10	1,710	625	1,090
Quebec Sign Language	170	65	105	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	120	35	85	975	365	610
Sino-Tibetan languages	410	230	185	21,130	10,490	10,650
Chinese languages	410	225	185	20,475	10,185	10,285
Cantonese	55	20	30	8,310	3,920	4,390
Hakka	0	0	0	50	30	20
Mandarin	310	165	150	12,825	6,460	6,365
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	10	20	480	230	250
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	185	95	85
Chinese, n.o.s.	65	50	20	1,115	600	510
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	675	310	370
Burmese	0	0	0	185	115	70
Karenic languages	0	0	0	465	200	265
Tibetan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	145	60	80
Tai-Kadai languages	85	30	55	1,565	730	835
Lao	70	30	45	1,120	520	600
Thai	30	0	25	575	270	305
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Turkic languages	95	55	45	510	250	265
Azerbaijani	10	10	0	50	25	30
Turkish	85	50	40	365	180	185
Uyghur	0	0	0	30	15	10
Uzbek	0	0	0	40	20	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	45	15	30
Uralic languages	95	55	45	1,550	730	815
Estonian	0	0	0	45	20	25
Finnish	15	10	10	265	105	160
Hungarian	75	45	35	1,235	600	635
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	60	30	25	445	290	150
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	310,015	154,840	155,175	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	301,480	150,550	150,925	1,133,080	560,165	572,920
Canadian citizens aged under 18	59,265	30,790	28,475	266,225	136,640	129,585
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	242,215	119,760	122,455	866,855	423,520	443,335
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	8,530	4,285	4,245	107,620	54,280	53,340
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	310,015	154,840	155,175	1,240,700	614,445	626,255
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	290,190	144,805	145,380	996,860	494,285	502,570
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	17,580	8,800	8,780	227,465	111,095	116,365
Before 1981	3,730	1,960	1,775	50,025	23,340	26,680
1981 to 1990	1,360	710	645	20,205	10,190	10,010
1991 to 2000	2,885	1,400	1,485	23,040	11,165	11,875
2001 to 2010	5,390	2,680	2,715	70,985	35,305	35,680
2001 to 2005	2,295	1,100	1,195	22,570	11,195	11,370
2006 to 2010	3,100	1,575	1,525	48,415	24,110	24,305
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	4,210	2,055	2,160	63,210	31,095	32,120
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	2,245	1,235	1,010	16,375	9,055	7,320
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	17,580	8,795	8,785	227,470	111,100	116,370
Under 5 years	2,755	1,400	1,350	25,595	12,975	12,625
5 to 14 years	3,235	1,615	1,620	45,570	23,305	22,265
15 to 24 years	3,100	1,430	1,670	44,585	20,820	23,770
25 to 44 years	7,345	3,765	3,575	93,700	45,160	48,540
45 years and over	1,145	575	565	18,010	8,845	9,170
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	17,580	8,795	8,785	227,465	111,095	116,365
Americas	5,085	2,420	2,665	31,980	15,285	16,700
Brazil	155	75	80	435	170	265
Colombia	1,125	550	575	1,050	510	545
El Salvador	135	60	75	2,480	1,325	1,155
Guyana	0	10	0	1,135	515	620
Haiti	310	125	180	155	75	80
Jamaica	10	0	10	1,810	835	970
Mexico	325	165	160	6,655	3,330	3,320
Peru	150	60	90	235	85	150
Trinidad and Tobago	10	0	10	1,505	785	720
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	1,885	895	985	7,100	3,100	4,000
Other places of birth in Americas	985	485	500	9,425	4,550	4,875
Europe	6,135	3,220	2,920	56,705	27,815	28,890
Bosnia and Herzegovina	715	370	345	1,055	530	525
Croatia	135	65	70	975	445	535
France	2,575	1,380	1,190	795	425	365
Germany	325	175	150	10,390	5,215	5,175
Greece	75	40	30	820	445	375
Hungary	30	20	10	815	435	375
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	10	10	10	650	310	340
Italy	145	95	45	2,755	1,405	1,350
Netherlands	70	20	50	2,250	1,185	1,060
Poland	150	75	80	5,280	2,455	2,820
Portugal	30	20	10	4,380	2,170	2,210
Romania	200	105	90	720	345	375
Russian Federation	190	90	100	4,245	2,035	2,210
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	120	40	80	355	175	175
Ukraine	60	25	35	4,765	2,250	2,515
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	290	155	135	11,665	5,655	6,015
Other places of birth in Europe	1,015	530	485	4,790	2,325	2,470
Africa	3,455	1,860	1,595	17,975	9,495	8,485
Algeria	540	310	230	115	60	55
Egypt	80	45	35	980	525	455
Ethiopia	0	0	0	2,525	1,360	1,165
Kenya	0	0	0	935	470	465
Morocco	605	355	250	250	140	110
Nigeria	0	0	0	3,820	2,070	1,750
Somalia	0	0	0	755	350	415
South Africa, Republic of	15	10	10	975	465	505
Other places of birth in Africa	2,215	1,135	1,075	7,630	4,055	3,570
Asia	2,865	1,275	1,590	120,230	58,215	62,015
Afghanistan	780	400	380	615	285	330
Bangladesh	10	10	10	880	475	400
China^{Census data footnote 59}	415	115	300	9,250	4,460	4,790
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	20	10	10	1,460	715	735
India	45	20	20	21,990	11,395	10,595
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	150	70	80	1,180	655	530
Iraq	155	75	80	860	460	400
Japan	10	0	10	225	70	150
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	45	20	20	2,880	1,415	1,470
Lebanon	70	40	30	265	165	100
Pakistan	260	135	125	3,125	1,675	1,450
Philippines	60	15	50	61,950	28,800	33,150
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	1,015	515	505
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	265	115	150	805	390	410
Taiwan	35	10	25	215	110	110
Viet Nam	180	85	90	4,225	2,035	2,185
Other places of birth in Asia	350	150	200	9,285	4,590	4,695
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	30	20	15	575	290	280
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	4,210	2,050	2,155	63,210	31,095	32,115
Americas	780	360	415	4,130	1,840	2,290
Brazil	45	25	25	100	35	65
Colombia	250	110	140	185	70	120
Cuba	65	30	35	75	25	55
Haiti	50	25	25	15	10	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	340	175	165
Mexico	105	55	50	875	415	465
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	120	65	60	970	445	525
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	25	10	10	75	30	40
Other places of birth in Americas	110	40	75	1,490	640	850
Europe	630	325	305	5,155	2,650	2,505
France	380	200	185	135	70	75
Germany	0	0	0	580	310	265
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	135	80	60
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	160	85	70
Romania	15	10	10	70	30	35
Russian Federation	55	30	30	1,145	530	610
Ukraine	30	15	15	1,320	670	650
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	20	20	0	550	290	265
Other places of birth in Europe	125	60	65	1,060	590	470
Africa	1,530	775	750	7,860	4,120	3,735
Algeria	150	90	65	20	10	10
Cameroon	95	60	35	65	45	20
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	215	100	110	740	360	380
Côte d'Ivoire	145	55	90	95	35	60
Egypt	35	15	20	415	220	190
Eritrea	0	0	0	795	430	360
Ethiopia	0	0	0	810	425	380
Morocco	155	80	75	70	30	35
Nigeria	0	0	0	2,630	1,415	1,215
Somalia	0	0	0	385	160	215
South Africa, Republic of	10	10	0	225	110	120
Tunisia	80	45	35	65	45	20
Other places of birth in Africa	645	330	310	1,555	820	735
Asia	1,265	575	690	45,915	22,395	23,520
Afghanistan	445	215	230	60	35	25
Bangladesh	0	0	0	360	195	170
China^{Census data footnote 59}	75	30	40	3,390	1,635	1,760
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	185	105	80
India	15	10	10	10,915	5,675	5,240
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	75	40	35	425	230	195
Iraq	90	40	50	330	175	155
Israel	0	0	0	595	340	260
Japan	0	0	0	45	25	25
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	10	0	10	1,300	665	640
Lebanon	25	15	10	140	100	35
Nepal	10	10	0	210	70	140
Pakistan	170	90	85	1,535	800	735
Philippines	15	0	20	22,885	10,645	12,245
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	325	145	180
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	250	140	115
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	235	100	135	635	325	310
Taiwan	30	10	15	20	0	10
Turkey	0	0	0	40	30	10
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	110	55	55
Viet Nam	20	15	10	495	220	275
Other places of birth in Asia	50	15	35	1,650	785	870
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	10	10	0	150	80	70
Australia	10	0	0	80	25	60
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	65	55	15
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	310,015	154,835	155,175	1,240,695	614,440	626,260
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	20,840	10,520	10,320	249,625	123,035	126,585
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	14,660	7,180	7,480	197,530	97,135	100,395
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	274,510	137,145	137,370	793,545	394,265	399,280
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	14,015	6,915	7,105	180,810	89,380	91,425
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	5,715	3,015	2,700	119,845	60,680	59,165
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	2,650	1,700	950	44,415	27,435	16,980
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	3,065	1,315	1,745	75,430	33,250	42,185
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	3,190	1,345	1,840	39,875	17,355	22,525
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	4,955	2,475	2,480	20,550	11,155	9,395
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	160	75	90	540	195	345
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	310,010	154,840	155,175	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	4,045	2,055	1,990	223,310	108,495	114,815
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	3,810	1,960	1,850	220,470	107,145	113,330
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	1,785	860	920	130,510	62,955	67,550
Métis	1,930	1,030	900	89,355	43,895	45,465
Inuk (Inuit)	90	65	30	610	295	310
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	120	45	75	2,020	985	1,030
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	110	45	65	820	365	450
Non-Aboriginal identity	305,965	152,780	153,185	1,017,385	505,945	511,445
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	310,015	154,840	155,175	1,240,700	614,440	626,255
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	835	445	385	127,250	61,300	65,950
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	309,180	154,395	154,790	1,113,450	553,140	560,305
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	310,010	154,840	155,175	1,240,700	614,440	626,255
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	3,005	1,345	1,660	110,630	53,980	56,645
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	2,925	1,310	1,620	108,055	52,775	55,285
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	2,525	1,125	1,395	93,070	45,490	47,580
Métis single ancestry	375	165	210	14,835	7,210	7,625
Inuit single ancestry	30	20	15	155	75	80
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	80	35	45	2,570	1,205	1,365
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	75	40	40	2,495	1,160	1,335
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	10	50	30	15
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	15	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	10	10	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	10,000	5,030	4,970	114,605	55,480	59,120
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	9,825	4,935	4,890	107,535	52,250	55,285
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	8,765	4,395	4,370	40,265	19,440	20,820
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	975	490	480	66,810	32,600	34,215
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	90	50	40	460	210	250
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	170	95	80	7,070	3,235	3,835
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	155	80	70	6,800	3,100	3,705
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	10	10	120	65	55
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	10	0	130	55	80
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	10	10	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	297,010	148,465	148,540	1,015,465	504,980	510,485
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	310,015	154,840	155,175	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	12,775	6,315	6,460	216,850	108,315	108,530
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	485	255	230	42,060	22,200	19,855
Chinese	665	245	415	22,540	11,340	11,195
Black	3,865	1,905	1,955	30,335	15,790	14,550
Filipino	95	30	70	79,815	37,935	41,885
Latin American	3,000	1,460	1,535	9,895	4,840	5,050
Arab	2,055	1,110	950	5,030	2,705	2,325
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	670	325	340	8,565	4,155	4,410
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	1,350	680	670	2,695	1,420	1,270
Korean	95	40	60	4,375	2,195	2,180
Japanese	75	35	35	1,850	880	975
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	105	60	50	3,195	1,610	1,590
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	320	170	150	6,485	3,235	3,250
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	297,240	148,520	148,710	1,023,850	506,125	517,725
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	310,010	154,840	155,175	1,240,700	614,440	626,255
North American Aboriginal origins	13,005	6,375	6,635	225,230	109,465	115,770
First Nations (North American Indian)	11,535	5,645	5,885	142,820	69,305	73,510
Inuit	150	80	70	955	460	500
Métis	1,580	780	800	91,120	44,150	46,970
Other North American origins	229,745	114,375	115,370	247,670	123,075	124,600
Acadian	1,140	515	620	645	325	320
American	2,110	1,010	1,100	9,220	4,605	4,615
Canadian	222,680	110,800	111,880	240,835	119,610	121,225
New Brunswicker	15	10	15	10	0	10
Newfoundlander	10	10	0	215	130	90
Nova Scotian	10	10	0	20	15	0
Ontarian	20	15	10	20	20	0
Québécois	6,840	3,510	3,330	280	150	125
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	30	15	15	30	10	25
European origins	112,985	56,650	56,335	826,210	406,770	419,445
British Isles origins	32,425	15,620	16,800	421,515	206,840	214,675
Channel Islander	15	0	10	45	25	25
Cornish	0	0	0	85	45	40
English	11,965	5,625	6,340	245,960	119,975	125,985
Irish	18,670	8,820	9,855	156,145	74,290	81,850
Manx	0	0	0	200	100	100
Scottish	8,385	4,185	4,200	208,065	100,790	107,265
Welsh	610	240	375	17,760	8,575	9,180
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	855	435	420	19,610	9,260	10,355
French origins	81,730	41,280	40,445	148,810	72,060	76,750
Alsatian	30	20	10	20	15	15
Breton	670	340	325	120	40	75
Corsican	10	0	10	0	10	0
French	81,355	41,100	40,255	148,740	72,020	76,720
Western European origins (except French origins)	9,130	4,515	4,615	286,985	141,285	145,705
Austrian	270	145	125	12,325	6,190	6,135
Bavarian	0	0	0	15	10	0
Belgian	2,155	1,065	1,090	21,510	10,495	11,020
Dutch	1,085	535	550	55,525	27,375	28,150
Flemish	35	20	15	965	445	515
Frisian	10	10	0	140	75	55
German	5,020	2,485	2,530	220,735	108,650	112,080
Luxembourger	20	0	15	155	65	90
Swiss	990	485	500	5,475	2,660	2,810
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	140	65	75
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	955	460	500	80,295	38,580	41,720
Danish	270	140	130	7,895	3,850	4,050
Finnish	50	25	20	4,000	1,905	2,095
Icelandic	25	0	15	31,090	15,265	15,825
Norwegian	295	125	170	19,600	9,145	10,455
Swedish	240	115	125	22,470	10,530	11,945
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	110	65	45	2,540	1,260	1,285
Eastern European origins	3,130	1,515	1,615	287,695	141,310	146,380
Bulgarian	85	40	40	330	190	145
Byelorussian	50	25	20	885	430	455
Czech	100	55	40	4,590	2,165	2,425
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	55	20	40	2,155	1,120	1,040
Estonian	15	10	15	190	80	115
Hungarian	390	185	205	10,120	4,990	5,125
Latvian	15	15	0	1,365	655	715
Lithuanian	40	15	25	1,455	750	705
Moldovan	10	0	0	325	170	160
Polish	1,125	530	590	88,090	42,670	45,420
Romanian	365	200	165	5,835	2,790	3,045
Russian	550	250	300	58,225	28,625	29,605
Slovak	115	60	60	2,190	1,055	1,135
Ukrainian	620	280	340	180,055	88,615	91,445
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	25	0	25	895	415	480
Southern European origins	8,815	4,425	4,385	59,915	29,445	30,470
Albanian	25	0	15	415	220	195
Bosnian	445	210	235	1,030	505	520
Catalan	35	20	15	15	0	15
Croatian	220	95	115	2,930	1,430	1,500
Cypriot	0	0	0	45	25	15
Greek	440	185	255	4,130	2,070	2,060
Italian	4,735	2,415	2,320	23,210	11,675	11,530
Kosovar	0	0	0	45	20	25
Macedonian	20	10	15	225	120	110
Maltese	20	10	15	360	165	195
Montenegrin	20	0	10	40	10	30
Portuguese	710	325	385	14,540	7,215	7,320
Serbian	650	305	345	1,240	660	580
Sicilian	65	55	10	235	110	125
Slovenian	40	25	15	1,005	485	520
Spanish	1,820	930	890	12,625	5,680	6,945
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	225	130	100	1,060	540	525
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	10	0	0	65	40	30
Other European origins	675	320	355	10,950	5,550	5,400
Basque	160	80	75	100	65	35
Jewish	165	70	95	8,455	4,250	4,200
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	155	70	85
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	185	100	85
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	340	160	175	2,130	1,090	1,040
Caribbean origins	1,225	615	615	10,805	5,355	5,450
Antiguan	0	0	0	60	20	40
Bahamian	10	0	10	60	35	25
Barbadian	25	15	10	740	390	350
Bermudan	0	0	0	40	30	15
Carib	0	0	0	65	30	40
Cuban	160	75	85	340	155	190
Dominican	150	100	55	275	145	135
Grenadian	20	15	0	160	85	80
Guadeloupean	30	15	10	0	0	0
Haitian	755	355	395	235	90	150
Jamaican	40	15	20	4,585	2,250	2,335
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Martinican	25	10	15	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	10	0	10	70	25	45
St. Lucian	0	0	0	30	20	15
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	10	2,395	1,240	1,160
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	190	90	105
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	15	15	0	1,465	705	760
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	45	20	25	665	360	305
Latin, Central and South American origins	3,925	1,890	2,035	23,115	11,555	11,565
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	125	55	60	650	330	320
Arawak	0	0	0	10	10	10
Argentinian	100	65	35	475	230	245
Belizean	0	0	0	200	105	100
Bolivian	40	10	30	300	160	140
Brazilian	230	105	125	830	375	455
Chilean	170	90	80	1,520	720	795
Colombian	1,410	700	710	1,400	680	715
Costa Rican	0	0	0	65	40	25
Ecuadorian	20	15	10	125	70	55
Guatemalan	205	90	115	505	240	260
Guyanese	20	15	10	1,485	770	715
Hispanic	15	10	10	425	210	220
Honduran	100	55	45	520	245	280
Maya	15	0	15	220	135	80
Mexican	660	340	320	8,790	4,440	4,350
Nicaraguan	200	90	110	370	200	170
Panamanian	10	0	10	50	10	40
Paraguayan	0	0	0	2,080	1,070	1,010
Peruvian	250	105	150	350	130	225
Salvadorean	260	125	135	2,735	1,425	1,315
Uruguayan	45	30	20	35	10	20
Venezuelan	100	40	60	240	95	150
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	120	50	70	1,045	525	520
African origins	5,460	2,895	2,565	28,860	14,980	13,885
Central and West African origins	1,885	965	920	8,665	4,585	4,085
Akan	0	0	0	35	10	25
Angolan	25	20	10	10	10	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	25	10	10
Beninese	70	50	15	55	45	0
Burkinabe	70	30	40	20	10	10
Cameroonian	240	135	110	145	80	70
Chadian	65	30	35	10	10	0
Congolese	560	260	300	1,575	785	790
Edo	0	0	0	130	85	45
Ewe	10	10	0	15	10	10
Gabonese	20	10	10	25	20	10
Gambian	0	10	0	10	0	10
Ghanaian	20	15	10	380	220	170
Guinean	30	15	15	70	20	50
Ibo	0	0	0	435	205	225
Ivorian	80	40	40	120	45	75
Liberian	25	20	10	80	20	55
Malian	105	50	55	140	85	55
Malinké	0	0	0	35	20	10
Nigerian	50	35	20	3,860	2,130	1,735
Peulh	15	15	0	25	15	15
Senegalese	200	95	105	115	70	40
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	320	155	165
Togolese	105	55	50	115	60	55
Wolof	25	20	0	25	10	15
Yoruba	0	0	0	1,050	540	510
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	280	150	130	545	260	285
North African origins	2,205	1,210	995	3,690	1,980	1,705
Algerian	480	245	225	100	35	60
Berber	390	240	150	150	90	55
Coptic	0	0	0	85	45	40
Dinka	0	0	0	30	25	10
Egyptian	250	125	120	1,335	720	620
Libyan	35	15	20	360	175	185
Maure	0	0	0	100	70	30
Moroccan	840	455	385	350	190	160
Sudanese	40	35	10	1,075	580	500
Tunisian	265	145	120	130	65	60
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	30	15	15	75	40	35
Southern and East African origins	825	420	405	10,500	5,420	5,080
Afrikaner	0	0	0	65	40	30
Amhara	0	0	0	140	100	45
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	95	65	35	150	90	65
Burundian	365	180	190	235	110	125
Djiboutian	0	0	0	45	30	15
Eritrean	0	0	0	2,300	1,240	1,055
Ethiopian	0	0	0	2,900	1,505	1,395
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	335	165	170
Malagasy	120	60	60	25	15	10
Mauritian	10	10	10	245	125	115
Oromo	0	0	0	325	185	140
Rwandan	140	65	80	300	145	155
Seychellois	0	0	0	45	20	30
Somali	10	10	0	1,740	900	845
South African	20	15	0	730	310	420
Tanzanian	10	10	0	90	55	30
Tigrian	0	0	0	320	200	120
Ugandan	0	0	0	255	125	130
Zambian	0	0	0	200	95	110
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	310	150	160
Zulu	0	0	0	30	15	10
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	55	35	20	440	230	210
Other African origins	660	370	290	6,670	3,350	3,325
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	40	30	10	825	405	415
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	630	345	280	5,925	2,965	2,965
Asian origins	5,915	2,855	3,060	178,655	88,885	89,765
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	3,555	1,760	1,795	11,850	6,130	5,715
Afghan	1,200	610	595	1,010	485	530
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	605	310	290	1,755	975	785
Armenian	150	70	80	495	250	250
Assyrian	10	10	0	40	30	10
Azerbaijani	10	0	0	55	35	20
Georgian	10	0	0	110	60	45
Hazara	25	15	10	0	0	0
Iranian	270	135	130	1,885	1,015	870
Iraqi	225	90	130	925	480	450
Israeli	15	10	10	775	410	360
Jordanian	15	10	0	235	100	135
Kazakh	10	0	10	335	185	145
Kurd	20	10	10	305	145	160
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	40	20	25
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	45	30	20
Lebanese	375	210	165	1,375	700	675
Palestinian	30	15	10	620	340	275
Pashtun	25	0	15	65	25	40
Saudi Arabian	10	10	0	170	95	70
Syrian	610	275	335	1,115	535	580
Tajik	25	15	15	55	20	40
Tatar	0	0	0	310	155	155
Turk	130	70	65	655	315	340
Turkmen	0	0	0	10	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	10	10	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	70	45	20
Yemeni	0	0	0	100	45	55
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	45	20	20	305	145	155
South Asian origins	500	275	225	43,155	22,710	20,440
Bangladeshi	25	10	15	880	500	385
Bengali	0	0	0	200	115	85
Bhutanese	60	35	25	140	55	85
East Indian	265	145	125	34,470	18,110	16,355
Goan	0	0	0	50	30	30
Gujarati	0	0	0	220	120	100
Kashmiri	0	0	0	30	10	15
Nepali	45	30	15	500	250	250
Pakistani	70	30	35	3,370	1,795	1,575
Punjabi	0	0	0	3,830	1,995	1,840
Sinhalese	25	20	10	280	145	135
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	1,090	545	545
Tamil	15	0	15	245	145	105
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	0	0	725	415	305
East and Southeast Asian origins	1,890	840	1,050	124,100	60,175	63,925
Burmese	0	0	0	260	125	135
Cambodian (Khmer)	135	65	70	525	280	240
Chinese	825	330	495	30,150	14,980	15,170
Filipino	95	30	65	83,530	39,955	43,580
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	15	0	10	530	265	265
Japanese	115	45	65	2,675	1,305	1,365
Karen	0	0	0	455	195	255
Korean	105	40	70	4,545	2,300	2,240
Laotian	110	50	60	1,730	820	910
Malaysian	0	0	0	470	240	230
Mongolian	50	45	10	150	60	90
Singaporean	0	0	0	20	10	10
Taiwanese	40	15	25	150	90	60
Thai	60	25	30	750	335	420
Tibetan	0	0	0	15	10	10
Vietnamese	430	230	200	5,850	2,915	2,935
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	145	70	80
Other Asian origins	30	15	10	575	320	260
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	25	20	10	575	320	260
Oceania origins	70	30	40	1,525	740	785
Australian	20	0	15	910	415	495
New Zealander	20	10	0	315	170	140
Pacific Islands origins	30	15	15	345	180	165
Fijian	0	0	0	80	45	30
Hawaiian	0	0	0	60	30	30
Maori	0	0	0	55	30	25
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	25	15	15	95	45	45
Samoan	0	0	0	25	0	15
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	10	0	0	65	30	35
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	142,875	...	...	489,050	...	...
Owner	89,260	...	...	336,170	...	...
Renter	53,615	...	...	140,260	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	12,620	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	142,875	...	...	489,050	...	...
Condominium	9,855	...	...	33,325	...	...
Not condominium	133,015	...	...	455,725	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	142,875	...	...	489,050	...	...
No bedrooms	790	...	...	3,745	...	...
1 bedroom	18,615	...	...	63,040	...	...
2 bedrooms	44,415	...	...	121,520	...	...
3 bedrooms	49,605	...	...	175,500	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	29,455	...	...	125,240	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	142,875	...	...	489,050	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	45,880	...	...	132,410	...	...
5 rooms	25,390	...	...	82,935	...	...
6 rooms	18,525	...	...	78,750	...	...
7 rooms	17,470	...	...	64,560	...	...
8 or more rooms	35,595	...	...	130,400	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.0	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	142,875	...	...	489,050	...	...
One person or fewer per room	142,205	...	...	473,625	...	...
More than 1 person per room	665	...	...	15,420	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	142,875	...	...	489,050	...	...
Suitable	140,090	...	...	456,365	...	...
Not suitable	2,785	...	...	32,680	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	142,875	...	...	489,050	...	...
1960 or before	37,475	...	...	142,200	...	...
1961 to 1980	41,090	...	...	158,180	...	...
1981 to 1990	19,985	...	...	65,190	...	...
1991 to 2000	16,290	...	...	42,740	...	...
2001 to 2005	8,470	...	...	20,815	...	...
2006 to 2010	10,120	...	...	27,880	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	9,450	...	...	32,035	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	142,875	...	...	489,050	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	134,255	...	...	444,995	...	...
Major repairs needed	8,620	...	...	44,055	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	142,875	...	...	489,050	...	...
1 household maintainer	89,650	...	...	290,830	...	...
2 household maintainers	51,960	...	...	187,775	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	1,265	...	...	10,445	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	142,875	...	...	489,050	...	...
15 to 24 years	6,675	...	...	17,240	...	...
25 to 34 years	18,955	...	...	74,950	...	...
35 to 44 years	21,795	...	...	84,800	...	...
45 to 54 years	25,510	...	...	95,135	...	...
55 to 64 years	30,240	...	...	96,255	...	...
65 to 74 years	24,870	...	...	67,475	...	...
75 to 84 years	11,325	...	...	37,760	...	...
85 years and over	3,500	...	...	15,440	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	140,880	...	...	461,870	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	113,135	...	...	373,860	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	27,745	...	...	88,010	...	...
30% to less than 100%	25,180	...	...	76,075	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	87,525	...	...	324,120	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	59.9	...	...	60.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	12.1	...	...	11.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	845	...	...	973	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	922	...	...	1,085	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	200,229	...	...	275,473	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	234,587	...	...	297,444	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	53,460	...	...	138,905	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	8.4	...	...	19.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	32.2	...	...	36.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	610	...	...	868	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	659	...	...	891	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	259,020	128,335	130,690	1,001,305	491,580	509,725
No certificate, diploma or degree	56,280	29,560	26,725	220,390	116,570	103,820
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	54,900	25,920	28,980	296,355	147,040	149,320
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	147,845	72,855	74,990	484,555	227,975	256,585
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	51,545	31,080	20,460	77,000	54,090	22,910
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	37,090	19,555	17,535	37,490	21,985	15,500
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	14,450	11,525	2,925	39,515	32,110	7,410
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	44,380	18,760	25,625	177,620	72,785	104,840
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	7,700	2,995	4,710	28,940	12,075	16,860
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	44,220	20,015	24,200	200,990	89,020	111,970
Bachelor's degree	26,300	10,970	15,335	143,780	61,350	82,430
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	3,510	1,515	1,995	16,040	6,675	9,365
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,795	935	860	6,105	3,515	2,595
Master's degree	9,945	4,830	5,115	29,305	13,830	15,470
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	2,670	1,770	900	5,765	3,645	2,115
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	163,390	81,025	82,365	654,670	323,300	331,370
No certificate, diploma or degree	24,935	14,060	10,875	94,310	54,700	39,610
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	30,220	14,765	15,460	182,335	93,000	89,330
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	108,235	52,200	56,030	378,030	175,595	202,435
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	39,705	23,095	16,610	53,800	38,185	15,620
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	29,095	14,650	14,445	25,955	15,460	10,490
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	10,610	8,440	2,170	27,850	22,725	5,125
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	29,870	12,875	16,995	137,930	57,445	80,485
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,695	1,710	2,980	21,215	8,995	12,220
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	33,965	14,525	19,445	165,085	70,970	94,115
Bachelor's degree	20,545	8,385	12,165	119,150	50,120	69,035
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,405	860	1,540	12,185	4,840	7,350
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,385	610	775	5,075	2,705	2,370
Master's degree	7,590	3,395	4,195	24,410	10,815	13,595
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	2,040	1,270	770	4,270	2,495	1,770
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	259,025	128,335	130,690	1,001,305	491,585	509,725
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	111,180	55,480	55,700	516,750	263,605	253,140
Education	11,980	2,925	9,060	44,855	11,705	33,145
13. Education	11,980	2,920	9,055	44,855	11,710	33,145
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	4,315	1,845	2,470	13,170	6,230	6,940
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	720	525	190	2,415	1,860	550
50. Visual and performing arts	3,595	1,315	2,280	10,755	4,365	6,390
Humanities	8,360	3,615	4,745	23,030	9,915	13,110
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	890	225	665	1,775	400	1,380
23. English language and literature/letters	325	105	225	3,905	1,110	2,795
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	4,130	1,760	2,380	7,065	2,820	4,240
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	35	20	20	60	25	30
38. Philosophy and religious studies	395	260	130	1,590	940	650
39. Theology and religious vocations	695	410	285	4,510	2,590	1,925
54. History	745	475	275	3,410	1,855	1,555
55. French language and literature/letters	1,135	370	770	705	175	530
Social and behavioural sciences and law	11,970	3,800	8,165	46,555	15,805	30,750
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	215	70	140	880	220	660
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,245	410	835	3,115	1,225	1,890
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	2,825	245	2,580	10,760	795	9,965
22. Legal professions and studies	1,955	805	1,150	7,130	2,365	4,760
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	395	40	350	955	305	650
42. Psychology	2,745	755	1,995	8,155	2,385	5,770
45. Social sciences	2,590	1,470	1,120	15,565	8,510	7,055
Business, management and public administration	30,100	9,855	20,240	95,115	34,865	60,255
30.16 Accounting and computer science	35	20	20	320	105	210
44. Public administration and social service professions	2,065	450	1,610	7,670	1,875	5,790
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	28,000	9,390	18,610	87,125	32,875	54,250
Physical and life sciences and technologies	5,325	3,095	2,235	16,120	8,165	7,950
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	2,070	1,030	1,040	6,625	2,990	3,640
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	560	325	235	4,325	2,285	2,040
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	1,230	690	540	470	70	395
40. Physical sciences	1,145	915	235	3,685	2,585	1,095
41. Science technologies/technicians	315	135	180	1,020	240	780
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,980	2,675	1,305	18,425	11,380	7,050
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,280	2,335	945	15,225	10,050	5,175
25. Library science	250	55	195	1,140	175	965
27. Mathematics and statistics	400	245	155	1,945	1,080	865
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	50	30	20	120	75	40
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	34,240	32,120	2,115	96,625	89,275	7,350
04. Architecture and related services	520	310	210	2,420	1,380	1,040
14. Engineering	3,970	3,415	550	16,205	13,530	2,675
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	6,630	5,970	660	17,815	15,975	1,845
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	8,370	8,190	180	22,160	21,705	450
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	8,170	7,980	190	27,485	26,650	830
48. Precision production	6,580	6,260	320	10,530	10,030	505
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	4,770	3,155	1,610	14,540	10,260	4,275
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	3,100	1,905	1,190	11,380	8,280	3,100
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,675	1,255	425	3,160	1,980	1,180
Health and related fields	21,525	4,355	17,170	87,795	16,505	71,290
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	1,260	770	490	4,105	1,945	2,155
51. Health professions and related programs	19,675	3,270	16,400	81,865	13,450	68,415
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	595	315	275	1,825	1,110	715
Personal, protective and transportation services	11,130	5,380	5,745	28,275	13,845	14,435
12. Personal and culinary services	7,050	1,760	5,290	16,750	4,095	12,655
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	90	85	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	30	30	0	240	230	10
43. Security and protective services	1,700	1,435	265	5,005	3,680	1,330
49. Transportation and materials moving	2,335	2,145	195	6,185	5,750	435
Other	155	30	130	60	30	35
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	160	30	125	60	25	35
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	163,390	81,025	82,365	654,670	323,300	331,375
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	55,160	28,825	26,335	276,645	147,710	128,935
Education	7,770	1,640	6,130	31,645	7,860	23,785
13. Education	7,770	1,645	6,125	31,650	7,865	23,785
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	3,130	1,305	1,825	10,350	4,875	5,475
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	555	385	170	1,815	1,335	480
50. Visual and performing arts	2,575	920	1,655	8,540	3,545	4,990
Humanities	4,805	2,080	2,720	17,250	7,370	9,880
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	585	130	450	1,485	330	1,155
23. English language and literature/letters	200	60	130	2,930	810	2,120
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,175	970	1,205	5,420	2,245	3,180
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	10	10	10	55	30	30
38. Philosophy and religious studies	230	150	75	1,230	715	515
39. Theology and religious vocations	360	220	140	3,255	1,835	1,420
54. History	520	340	175	2,365	1,275	1,090
55. French language and literature/letters	735	195	540	505	135	370
Social and behavioural sciences and law	8,905	2,495	6,410	38,120	12,380	25,740
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	185	55	130	740	185	555
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	940	345	600	2,575	965	1,610
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	2,340	145	2,200	8,805	605	8,195
22. Legal professions and studies	1,400	495	910	6,085	1,795	4,285
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	275	30	250	815	265	550
42. Psychology	1,960	480	1,480	6,370	1,720	4,645
45. Social sciences	1,805	955	855	12,730	6,835	5,895
Business, management and public administration	22,955	6,850	16,105	76,370	27,865	48,495
30.16 Accounting and computer science	30	15	15	270	95	175
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,585	310	1,275	6,145	1,335	4,810
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	21,345	6,525	14,815	69,950	26,440	43,510
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,050	1,765	1,285	12,195	5,930	6,270
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,585	765	820	5,290	2,265	3,025
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	265	165	105	3,005	1,595	1,405
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	190	135	55	405	65	345
40. Physical sciences	790	595	190	2,805	1,855	950
41. Science technologies/technicians	220	105	115	690	150	545
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,315	2,270	1,050	15,955	9,965	5,985
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,880	2,070	815	13,600	9,015	4,585
25. Library science	155	40	115	790	135	650
27. Mathematics and statistics	235	135	100	1,465	760	700
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	40	20	20	100	60	45
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	25,740	23,920	1,820	73,680	67,440	6,240
04. Architecture and related services	365	205	155	2,025	1,160	865
14. Engineering	3,365	2,850	515	13,705	11,305	2,405
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	5,125	4,540	580	13,840	12,265	1,575
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	5,820	5,700	130	16,060	15,690	365
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	6,230	6,080	155	20,395	19,765	625
48. Precision production	4,830	4,545	285	7,655	7,250	405
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	3,785	2,405	1,380	11,450	7,800	3,645
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	2,415	1,415	1,000	8,760	6,170	2,590
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,365	990	380	2,695	1,635	1,060
Health and related fields	15,755	3,150	12,610	69,600	13,415	56,185
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	945	560	380	3,310	1,585	1,715
51. Health professions and related programs	14,340	2,370	11,975	64,870	11,020	53,850
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	470	215	255	1,430	810	620
Personal, protective and transportation services	8,905	4,300	4,605	21,365	10,660	10,705
12. Personal and culinary services	5,570	1,370	4,200	12,255	2,980	9,275
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	90	85	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	15	0	110	105	0
43. Security and protective services	1,350	1,120	230	4,025	2,945	1,080
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,965	1,790	180	4,885	4,545	340
Other	120	30	95	50	30	25
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	120	30	90	50	25	25
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	259,025	128,335	130,690	1,001,305	491,585	509,725
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	111,180	55,485	55,700	516,750	263,610	253,145
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	147,845	72,855	74,990	484,555	227,975	256,585
Location of study inside Canada	141,135	69,165	71,970	403,775	188,230	215,540
Same as province or territory of residence	138,430	67,685	70,745	352,390	162,050	190,340
Different than province or territory of residence	2,705	1,480	1,225	51,385	26,185	25,200
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	6,710	3,685	3,020	80,785	39,745	41,040
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	960	590	375	9,155	4,910	4,245
Philippines	35	0	40	26,450	11,595	14,860
India	45	20	20	10,365	5,300	5,070
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	215	135	75	4,180	2,350	1,825
China^{Census data footnote 162}	95	40	55	2,865	1,330	1,535
France	2,025	1,200	825	395	235	165
Other	3,345	1,700	1,640	27,375	14,030	13,345
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	163,390	81,025	82,365	654,670	323,300	331,375
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	55,160	28,825	26,330	276,640	147,705	128,935
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	108,235	52,205	56,035	378,035	175,595	202,440
Location of study inside Canada	103,170	49,610	53,560	309,655	142,710	166,950
Same as province or territory of residence	101,410	48,715	52,700	270,435	123,090	147,340
Different than province or territory of residence	1,755	895	865	39,225	19,615	19,610
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	5,065	2,590	2,475	68,375	32,885	35,485
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	585	310	275	6,215	3,005	3,210
Philippines	35	0	35	24,495	10,775	13,720
India	30	20	10	9,430	4,770	4,660
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	110	70	45	2,465	1,385	1,080
China^{Census data footnote 162}	80	30	50	2,630	1,210	1,420
France	1,490	840	650	340	195	145
Other	2,730	1,320	1,410	22,805	11,555	11,255
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	259,025	128,335	130,690	1,001,305	491,580	509,725
In the labour force	159,015	82,785	76,230	662,155	347,685	314,465
Employed	148,890	76,970	71,920	617,465	322,130	295,335
Unemployed	10,120	5,815	4,310	44,690	25,560	19,130
Not in the labour force	100,005	45,550	54,460	339,155	143,895	195,260
Participation rate	61.4	64.5	58.3	66.1	70.7	61.7
Employment rate	57.5	60.0	55.0	61.7	65.5	57.9
Unemployment rate	6.4	7.0	5.7	6.7	7.4	6.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	259,020	128,335	130,690	1,001,310	491,585	509,725
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	91,740	40,935	50,800	312,495	131,600	180,900
Worked	167,285	87,395	79,890	688,810	359,980	328,830
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	76,830	42,605	34,225	358,800	206,460	152,330
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	90,460	44,795	45,660	330,010	153,520	176,495
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.4	42.3	42.6	42.9	43.5	42.3
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	159,015	82,790	76,230	662,155	347,685	314,465
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	3,330	1,680	1,655	12,625	6,125	6,505
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	155,685	81,105	74,580	649,530	341,560	307,965
Employee	134,710	68,480	66,225	580,885	296,560	284,325
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	20,975	12,620	8,350	68,645	45,000	23,640
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	159,015	82,785	76,230	662,155	347,690	314,470
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	3,335	1,680	1,655	12,625	6,125	6,505
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	155,685	81,105	74,575	649,525	341,565	307,965
0 Management occupations	14,920	9,610	5,310	71,455	45,945	25,510
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	20,580	5,860	14,715	96,050	27,530	68,515
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	8,420	6,685	1,730	34,135	26,895	7,240
3 Health occupations	13,130	2,570	10,565	52,280	10,830	41,450
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	19,365	5,820	13,545	86,055	27,425	58,630
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	3,975	1,875	2,100	14,355	6,025	8,325
6 Sales and service occupations	35,140	14,645	20,490	144,490	62,735	81,760
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	23,775	22,570	1,200	102,660	97,500	5,160
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	3,720	2,960	760	18,400	14,490	3,910
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	12,670	8,515	4,155	29,650	22,180	7,475
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	159,015	82,785	76,230	662,155	347,685	314,465
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	3,330	1,680	1,650	12,625	6,120	6,500
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	155,685	81,105	74,575	649,525	341,560	307,965
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	5,875	4,215	1,660	28,680	20,765	7,920
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	355	335	20	5,460	4,830	635
22 Utilities	445	360	85	7,390	5,625	1,765
23 Construction	10,160	9,060	1,100	49,575	43,990	5,585
31-33 Manufacturing	26,020	18,755	7,265	54,645	40,800	13,845
41 Wholesale trade	3,785	2,660	1,120	21,890	16,040	5,850
44-45 Retail trade	18,335	8,270	10,070	69,700	33,960	35,740
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	5,140	4,065	1,080	35,490	28,350	7,145
51 Information and cultural industries	2,005	1,215	790	10,875	6,085	4,790
52 Finance and insurance	3,590	1,165	2,430	25,885	9,615	16,270
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,625	935	695	8,235	4,565	3,670
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	8,020	4,280	3,740	28,470	14,790	13,680
55 Management of companies and enterprises	55	30	25	635	250	380
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	5,895	3,575	2,320	22,285	13,105	9,170
61 Educational services	14,030	4,880	9,145	55,025	17,480	37,540
62 Health care and social assistance	22,735	4,310	18,425	93,960	18,345	75,615
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	2,705	1,505	1,195	12,980	6,620	6,360
72 Accommodation and food services	10,280	3,905	6,380	43,655	17,430	26,230
81 Other services (except public administration)	7,760	3,790	3,970	28,055	13,740	14,315
91 Public administration	6,870	3,810	3,055	46,645	25,180	21,465
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	148,895	76,975	71,920	617,465	322,125	295,335
Worked at home	11,930	6,310	5,625	42,530	23,485	19,050
Worked outside Canada	530	330	200	1,935	1,305	630
No fixed workplace address	12,650	9,780	2,875	68,420	52,715	15,710
Worked at usual place	123,780	60,555	63,225	504,580	244,620	259,960
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	123,775	60,550	63,225	504,580	244,620	259,960
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	73,535	34,555	38,985	384,465	181,650	202,820
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	13,595	6,430	7,165	50,350	23,760	26,580
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	36,415	19,440	16,980	66,495	37,055	29,435
Commute to a different province or territory	225	135	95	3,275	2,150	1,120
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	136,430	70,335	66,095	573,005	297,335	275,665
Car, truck, van - as a driver	116,405	60,945	55,460	431,755	237,860	193,895
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	5,510	2,325	3,185	40,595	14,520	26,070
Public transit	4,055	1,685	2,375	53,740	21,780	31,955
Walked	8,350	3,985	4,365	32,330	13,815	18,520
Bicycle	915	730	190	8,175	5,670	2,505
Other method	1,190	660	525	6,410	3,695	2,715
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	136,435	70,335	66,095	573,000	297,340	275,665
Less than 15 minutes	54,140	26,750	27,390	185,120	87,795	97,320
15 to 29 minutes	52,685	26,220	26,465	208,570	108,680	99,890
30 to 44 minutes	19,550	10,980	8,570	115,090	63,555	51,535
45 to 59 minutes	5,340	3,055	2,285	36,755	20,485	16,270
60 minutes and over	4,715	3,330	1,380	27,470	16,820	10,650
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	136,430	70,335	66,100	573,000	297,335	275,665
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	6,330	4,610	1,725	28,060	20,145	7,915
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	25,960	17,810	8,145	104,545	65,630	38,925
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	47,120	22,570	24,545	168,760	90,125	78,630
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	26,310	10,390	15,925	126,090	50,885	75,200
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	9,795	3,750	6,045	53,120	22,305	30,810
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	20,910	11,200	9,710	92,430	48,240	44,190
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	172,050	89,525	82,525	710,830	370,255	340,575
Single responses	165,780	86,215	79,565	702,445	366,000	336,445
Official languages	165,465	86,055	79,410	694,855	361,770	333,090
English	9,710	5,210	4,500	688,400	359,660	328,730
French	155,750	80,840	74,915	6,455	2,100	4,355
Non-official languages	315	165	150	7,590	4,235	3,360
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	1,815	1,025	800
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	1,755	990	755
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	985	565	420
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	980	565	415
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	770	430	335
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	230	125	110
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	535	310	230
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	55	25	30
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	60	25	30
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	55	30	30
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	10
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	10	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	315	165	155	5,770	3,215	2,560
Afro-Asiatic languages	25	20	0	300	155	145
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	30	10	20
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	30	10	20
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	25	25	10	270	145	125
Amharic	0	0	0	15	0	10
Arabic	25	20	10	105	70	40
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	115	50	65
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	35	25	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	10	0	140	35	100
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	0	10	140	35	100
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	485	245	240
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	10	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	10	10	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	470	235	240
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	245	120	125	3,115	1,865	1,255
Albanian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	10	480	245	235
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	480	245	235
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	65	50	20
Russian	0	0	0	280	145	135
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	110	40	70
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	40	30	10	1,300	790	505
Afrikaans	0	0	0	10	10	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	10	10	0	40	10	30
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	25	20	0	950	585	370
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	0	0	10	0	10
Swedish	0	0	0	0	10	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	290	185	105
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	95	40	55	755	505	260
Indo-Aryan languages	15	15	0	685	455	225
Bengali	0	0	0	20	0	15
Gujarati	0	0	0	10	10	10
Hindi	0	0	0	40	40	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	10	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	605	400	210
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	15	15	0	10	0	10
Iranian languages	85	20	55	75	45	30
Kurdish	0	0	0	10	10	10
Pashto	10	0	10	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	75	25	55	65	45	20
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	95	50	40	580	330	245
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Portuguese	0	0	0	330	215	115
Romanian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Spanish	90	50	40	220	100	125
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	305	150	150
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	10	10	15	15	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	10	10	0	0	10	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	0	10	210	80	135
American Sign Language	0	0	0	155	65	95
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	10	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	55	15	45
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	10	0	1,170	650	515
Chinese languages	15	10	0	1,160	650	515
Cantonese	0	0	0	690	380	315
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	15	10	10	440	255	185
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	10	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	10	10	10
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10	15	0	10
Lao	0	0	0	10	0	10
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	6,270	3,310	2,960	8,390	4,255	4,125
English and French	6,040	3,195	2,845	2,655	1,150	1,505
English and non-official language	35	20	15	5,680	3,085	2,590
French and non-official language	115	45	70	10	0	0
English, French and non-official language	75	45	30	45	20	30
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	172,050	89,525	82,525	710,835	370,255	340,575
None	126,570	65,565	61,010	662,595	346,710	315,885
English	38,830	20,460	18,375	8,550	3,690	4,855
French	5,615	2,985	2,635	13,320	5,825	7,495
Non-official language	615	295	320	25,960	13,815	12,145
Aboriginal	0	0	0	6,500	3,245	3,255
Non-Aboriginal	610	290	320	19,460	10,575	8,890
English and French	20	15	10	10	0	10
English and non-official language	335	175	160	65	45	20
French and non-official language	65	45	25	335	160	175
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	10	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	306,860	153,225	153,635	1,225,480	606,585	618,895
Non-movers	266,880	133,570	133,310	1,064,380	527,020	537,360
Movers	39,980	19,655	20,325	161,100	79,570	81,535
Non-migrants	23,955	11,840	12,120	105,090	52,025	53,065
Migrants	16,020	7,815	8,210	56,010	27,545	28,465
Internal migrants	13,820	6,700	7,120	41,305	20,285	21,020
Intraprovincial migrants	13,290	6,385	6,900	30,395	14,720	15,675
Interprovincial migrants	530	315	215	10,915	5,565	5,345
External migrants	2,210	1,115	1,090	14,705	7,260	7,445
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	293,505	146,275	147,240	1,161,240	573,310	587,930
Non-movers	184,780	92,635	92,145	718,640	355,585	363,050
Movers	108,730	53,640	55,095	442,600	217,725	224,875
Non-migrants	61,725	30,505	31,215	261,015	128,560	132,455
Migrants	47,010	23,130	23,875	181,585	89,165	92,420
Internal migrants	41,235	20,315	20,915	117,135	56,880	60,260
Intraprovincial migrants	39,995	19,690	20,300	86,295	41,295	45,000
Interprovincial migrants	1,245	625	615	30,840	15,580	15,260
External migrants	5,770	2,815	2,960	64,445	32,285	32,165

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

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Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

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Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

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Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

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Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 40 referrer

Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 41 referrer

Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Estrie [Economic region], Quebec and Manitoba [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 8, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Estrie [Economic region], Quebec and Manitoba [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Estrie [Economic region], Quebec and Manitoba [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Estrie [Economic region], Quebec and Manitoba [Province]