Census Profile, 2016 Census
Estrie [Economic region], Quebec and Yukon [Territory]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Estrie Quebec [Economic region]			Yukon [Territory]
	Data quality , Estrie [Economic region], Quebec Map : Estrie [Economic region], Quebec Change geography 1			Data quality : Yukon [Territory] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	319,004	...	...	35,874	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	310,684 ^r	...	...	33,897	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	2.7	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	164,784	...	...	17,987	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	142,875	...	...	15,215	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	31.2	...	...	0.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	10,212.00	...	...	474,712.68	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	319,005	158,050	160,950	35,875	18,075	17,795
0 to 14 years	51,140	26,585	24,550	6,280	3,355	2,920
0 to 4 years	16,580	8,630	7,950	2,135	1,155	985
5 to 9 years	18,035	9,290	8,740	2,120	1,130	995
10 to 14 years	16,525	8,660	7,860	2,020	1,075	945
15 to 64 years	201,760	101,120	100,645	25,340	12,500	12,835
15 to 19 years	17,100	8,795	8,310	1,935	1,000	930
20 to 24 years	19,775	10,030	9,740	1,965	1,035	930
25 to 29 years	17,975	9,100	8,875	2,550	1,245	1,310
30 to 34 years	18,210	9,290	8,920	2,890	1,395	1,495
35 to 39 years	19,555	9,880	9,675	2,590	1,235	1,355
40 to 44 years	17,585	8,705	8,875	2,540	1,170	1,370
45 to 49 years	18,545	9,400	9,150	2,465	1,210	1,245
50 to 54 years	23,245	11,400	11,845	2,880	1,390	1,495
55 to 59 years	25,260	12,370	12,895	2,995	1,505	1,490
60 to 64 years	24,505	12,150	12,360	2,530	1,315	1,220
65 years and over	66,105	30,350	35,755	4,260	2,220	2,040
65 to 69 years	22,220	11,000	11,220	1,845	980	870
70 to 74 years	16,930	8,305	8,625	1,090	605	485
75 to 79 years	10,835	5,005	5,830	645	350	295
80 to 84 years	7,800	3,365	4,435	375	160	215
85 years and over	8,330	2,680	5,650	300	125	175
85 to 89 years	5,085	1,875	3,210	195	90	105
90 to 94 years	2,515	665	1,845	80	30	50
95 to 99 years	665	130	530	20	5	20
100 years and over	70	10	65	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.0	16.8	15.3	17.5	18.6	16.4
15 to 64 years	63.2	64.0	62.5	70.6	69.2	72.1
65 years and over	20.7	19.2	22.2	11.9	12.3	11.5
85 years and over	2.6	1.7	3.5	0.8	0.7	1.0
Average age of the population	43.0	42.0	44.1	39.1	38.8	39.4
Median age of the population	44.5	43.0	45.9	39.5	39.0	39.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	142,875	...	...	15,215	...	...
Single-detached house	78,205	...	...	9,430	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	2,005	...	...	50	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	61,680	...	...	4,550	...	...
Semi-detached house	5,280	...	...	1,160	...	...
Row house	2,775	...	...	950	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	9,100	...	...	605	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	43,855	...	...	1,770	...	...
Other single-attached house	665	...	...	65	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	985	...	...	1,185	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	142,875	...	...	15,215	...	...
1 person	49,640	...	...	4,900	...	...
2 persons	53,735	...	...	5,180	...	...
3 persons	16,800	...	...	2,255	...	...
4 persons	14,745	...	...	1,860	...	...
5 or more persons	7,965	...	...	1,025	...	...
Number of persons in private households	310,010	...	...	35,110	...	...
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	267,865	131,465	136,400	29,595	14,725	14,870
Married or living common law	154,125	77,005	77,115	16,445	8,210	8,235
Married	87,595	43,800	43,800	11,345	5,680	5,670
Living common law	66,530	33,210	33,320	5,095	2,530	2,570
Not married and not living common law	113,745	54,460	59,285	13,150	6,515	6,635
Never married	73,885	40,375	33,505	9,150	4,905	4,245
Separated	3,265	1,620	1,645	845	370	470
Divorced	20,815	9,010	11,805	2,105	975	1,130
Widowed	15,785	3,455	12,330	1,060	265	795
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	88,945	...	...	9,845	...	...
2 persons	51,940	...	...	5,330	...	...
3 persons	15,805	...	...	2,060	...	...
4 persons	14,190	...	...	1,745	...	...
5 or more persons	7,005	...	...	710	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	88,945	...	...	9,845	...	...
Total couple families	75,625	...	...	7,970	...	...
Married couples	42,385	...	...	5,425	...	...
Common-law couples	33,235	...	...	2,545	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	13,325	...	...	1,875	...	...
Female parent	9,450	...	...	1,390	...	...
Male parent	3,880	...	...	480	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	75,620	...	...	7,970	...	...
Couples without children	44,010	...	...	4,130	...	...
Couples with children	31,610	...	...	3,840	...	...
1 child	11,840	...	...	1,575	...	...
2 children	13,070	...	...	1,600	...	...
3 or more children	6,705	...	...	660	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	13,325	...	...	1,875	...	...
1 child	7,935	...	...	1,195	...	...
2 children	3,965	...	...	485	...	...
3 or more children	1,425	...	...	195	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	64,220	32,035	32,190	7,505	3,895	3,610
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	142,875	...	...	15,215	...	...
One-census-family households	87,550	...	...	9,345	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	43,415	...	...	3,915	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	44,135	...	...	5,430	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	690	...	...	245	...	...
Non-census-family households	54,635	...	...	5,620	...	...
One-person households	49,640	...	...	4,900	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	5,000	...	...	720	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	315,010	156,545	158,470	35,555	17,895	17,660
English only	6,685	3,295	3,390	30,430	15,530	14,895
French only	179,590	84,580	95,010	85	40	45
English and French	127,565	68,125	59,445	4,900	2,260	2,640
Neither English nor French	1,170	545	625	140	65	75
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	315,015	156,545	158,465	35,555	17,895	17,660
English	21,745	10,920	10,825	33,720	16,960	16,760
French	289,040	143,420	145,620	1,575	815	755
English and French	3,110	1,695	1,415	125	55	70
Neither English nor French	1,115	515	605	140	65	75
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	23,300	11,770	11,535	1,635	845	790
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	7.4	7.5	7.3	4.6	4.7	4.5
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	315,010	156,545	158,465	35,560	17,900	17,660
Single responses	311,405	154,720	156,680	34,885	17,555	17,330
Official languages	299,345	148,690	150,655	30,675	15,585	15,095
English	19,645	9,860	9,785	29,105	14,775	14,335
French	279,700	138,825	140,870	1,570	810	755
Non-official languages	12,055	6,035	6,020	4,210	1,970	2,235
Aboriginal languages	20	5	10	675	295	380
Algonquian languages	10	5	5	25	5	20
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	5	5	20	5	20
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	5	5	20	5	20
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Algonquin	5	5	5	5	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	5	5	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	5	0	0	560	250	305
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	545	245	300
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	10	0	5
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	80	40	45
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	5	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	5	0	0	5	0	5
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	170	85	85
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	165	85	85
Tahltan	0	0	0	5	5	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	285	115	165
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	210	90	125
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	70	30	35
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	5	0	0	20	10	15
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	10	5	5
Inuktitut	5	0	0	5	5	5
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	5	0	5	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	5	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	65	25	40
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	5	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	12,040	6,025	6,015	3,530	1,675	1,860
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,040	1,105	940	50	25	25
Berber languages	150	90	65	0	0	0
Kabyle	100	60	40	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	45	35	15	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	10	10	5	10	5	5
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	10	5	5	5	5	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,840	985	850	40	25	20
Amharic	5	0	5	5	0	0
Arabic	1,790	965	825	35	20	15
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	5	5	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	0	10	5	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	5	0	5
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	265	120	145	50	30	25
Khmer (Cambodian)	60	25	35	0	0	0
Vietnamese	195	85	105	50	25	25
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5	0	5	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	95	25	75	990	415	575
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	5	10	80	35	45
Fijian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	40	15	25
Ilocano	0	0	0	35	15	20
Malagasy	20	10	10	0	0	0
Malay	5	0	5	15	5	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	45	10	40	805	335	465
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	5	5	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5
Creole languages	155	70	85	25	10	15
Haitian Creole	10	5	5	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	140	60	80	15	5	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	15	0	10
Dravidian languages	30	20	15	55	30	25
Kannada	5	0	5	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	5	5	25	10	15
Tamil	15	10	5	25	10	10
Telugu	5	5	5	5	5	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	7,685	3,840	3,845	1,715	885	825
Albanian	25	10	15	5	0	5
Armenian	20	15	10	0	0	5
Balto-Slavic languages	1,575	755	820	295	150	150
Baltic languages	10	5	0	5	5	0
Latvian	5	0	5	0	5	0
Lithuanian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Slavic languages	1,565	750	815	290	145	145
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	205	105	105	5	0	5
Bulgarian	30	15	15	5	0	0
Croatian	55	20	35	5	5	5
Czech	25	15	10	55	30	25
Macedonian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Polish	205	90	115	65	35	30
Russian	200	75	120	75	35	45
Serbian	400	210	185	5	5	0
Serbo-Croatian	355	180	180	5	5	5
Slovak	25	10	15	5	0	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	0	15	5	10
Ukrainian	50	20	25	50	25	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	5	0	10	5	5
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	5	0
Welsh	0	0	0	5	0	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Germanic languages	640	310	330	945	495	445
Afrikaans	0	0	0	10	5	5
Danish	15	5	15	20	10	5
Dutch	115	50	65	115	50	60
Frisian	0	0	0	0	5	0
German	465	235	235	765	415	355
Icelandic	0	0	0	5	5	0
Norwegian	5	5	0	10	5	5
Swedish	10	0	5	15	10	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	5	10	5	0	0
Yiddish	5	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0	0	0
Greek	85	55	30	10	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,610	820	790	215	115	100
Indo-Aryan languages	270	130	135	190	100	95
Bengali	15	10	5	25	5	15
Gujarati	10	5	5	20	20	5
Hindi	10	5	5	35	20	15
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	10	0	5	0	0	0
Nepali	185	90	95	0	0	5
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	10	5	85	40	45
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	5	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	5	5	0	5
Urdu	20	15	10	20	10	10
Iranian languages	1,335	690	645	25	20	10
Kurdish	30	15	15	0	0	0
Pashto	50	30	25	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	1,260	650	610	25	20	5
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,735	1,875	1,860	225	105	120
Catalan	15	10	5	5	0	5
Italian	275	175	100	25	15	10
Portuguese	265	130	135	15	5	5
Romanian	205	100	105	10	10	5
Spanish	2,980	1,460	1,515	170	75	95
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	50	15	35	95	40	55
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	40	15	20	45	10	30
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Mongolian	0	0	0	5	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	1,000	495	505	25	15	10
Akan (Twi)	0	5	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	25	10	10	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	25	5	15	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	5	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	55	30	25	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	175	85	85	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	115	50	60	5	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	205	95	110	0	0	0
Wolof	95	60	35	0	0	0
Yoruba	5	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	300	140	160	10	5	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	40	15	25	0	0	0
Dinka	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	40	15	25	0	0	0
Sign languages	40	20	20	20	10	5
American Sign Language	0	0	0	10	5	5
Quebec Sign Language	15	10	5	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	20	10	10	5	5	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	420	195	225	350	150	195
Chinese languages	420	195	220	350	155	195
Cantonese	65	30	35	225	100	120
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	5
Mandarin	300	145	155	95	40	60
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	15	10	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	45	20	20	15	5	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	5	5	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	45	15	30	30	5	25
Lao	25	15	15	5	5	5
Thai	20	5	15	25	5	25
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	60	30	25	0	5	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	55	30	20	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	5	0	5	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	60	35	20	75	40	35
Estonian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Finnish	10	0	0	25	15	10
Hungarian	50	30	20	45	30	20
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	5	0	0
Multiple responses	3,610	1,820	1,785	675	345	330
English and French	2,520	1,270	1,250	220	115	100
English and non-official language	165	80	85	420	210	215
French and non-official language	815	410	400	15	10	10
English, French and non-official language	110	60	50	15	10	10
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	315,010	156,545	158,470	35,560	17,900	17,660
Single responses	309,865	154,010	155,855	34,730	17,510	17,220
Official languages	303,025	150,550	152,475	33,135	16,735	16,400
English	19,560	9,770	9,785	32,270	16,315	15,960
French	283,465	140,775	142,690	860	420	435
Non-official languages	6,845	3,465	3,380	1,600	775	825
Aboriginal languages	5	0	0	75	45	35
Algonquian languages	5	5	0	0	5	5
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Atikamekw	5	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	65	35	35
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	65	35	35
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	15	10	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	20	10	10
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	30	15	15
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	25	15	10
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	5	0	5
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	5	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	5	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	5	5
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	6,840	3,460	3,380	1,520	730	785
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,040	540	500	30	15	15
Berber languages	40	25	15	0	0	0
Kabyle	30	15	10	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	5	5	5	5	5	5
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	10	5	5	0	5	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	975	505	470	20	10	10
Amharic	0	0	0	5	0	0
Arabic	940	490	450	20	10	10
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	5	5	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	5	0	5
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	20	5	5	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	155	70	85	25	15	15
Khmer (Cambodian)	30	15	20	0	0	0
Vietnamese	120	55	60	30	15	15
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	10	0	5	555	255	305
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	5	35	20	15
Fijian	0	0	0	5	0	5
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	20	5	10
Ilocano	0	0	0	15	5	10
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	5	5	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	5	475	215	260
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	50	30	20	5	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	50	30	20	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Dravidian languages	15	10	5	35	20	15
Kannada	10	5	5	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	5	0	15	10	10
Tamil	0	5	0	15	10	5
Telugu	0	0	0	0	5	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	4,735	2,385	2,350	540	280	260
Albanian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Armenian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	925	450	480	85	40	45
Baltic languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Slavic languages	925	450	470	85	40	40
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	110	55	55	0	0	0
Bulgarian	15	5	10	0	0	0
Croatian	30	10	15	5	0	0
Czech	15	5	5	15	5	5
Macedonian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	90	45	50	20	15	10
Russian	115	50	65	30	15	15
Serbian	295	155	145	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	225	110	110	5	0	0
Slovak	10	5	5	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ukrainian	15	5	10	0	0	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	140	60	80	245	125	115
Afrikaans	0	0	0	10	5	5
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	10	0	10	10	0	5
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	130	55	70	225	115	105
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	5	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Yiddish	5	0	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	35	20	15	5	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,270	645	625	100	55	45
Indo-Aryan languages	205	105	100	90	45	40
Bengali	5	0	0	15	5	10
Gujarati	0	0	0	15	10	0
Hindi	5	0	5	15	10	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	5	5	0	0	0
Nepali	170	85	85	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	5	5	45	20	25
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	5	5	5	10	5	5
Iranian languages	1,065	545	525	15	10	5
Kurdish	15	10	5	0	0	0
Pashto	25	15	10	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	1,025	515	510	15	15	5
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,335	1,190	1,145	110	50	60
Catalan	10	5	0	0	0	0
Italian	50	20	30	5	0	0
Portuguese	175	85	85	0	0	0
Romanian	105	55	50	5	5	5
Spanish	2,000	1,020	980	100	45	50
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	25	10	15	50	25	25
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	30	15	15	25	10	10
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	370	175	190	5	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	5	5	5	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	15	5	10	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	25	15	10	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	70	30	35	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	5	0	0
Swahili	100	50	50	0	0	0
Wolof	20	20	10	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	110	45	60	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	25	15	10	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0	0	0
Sign languages	50	30	20	15	10	5
American Sign Language	0	0	0	10	5	5
Quebec Sign Language	10	10	5	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	40	20	20	5	0	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	280	145	140	220	100	120
Chinese languages	280	145	140	215	95	120
Cantonese	25	15	10	155	70	90
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	230	110	120	55	25	30
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	20	10	5	5	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	10	10	0	5
Lao	5	0	5	5	0	0
Thai	5	5	0	10	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	35	20	15	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	35	20	15	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	5	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	5	10	10	5	5
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	10	0	10	10	5	5
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Multiple responses	5,145	2,535	2,610	830	385	445
English and French	2,620	1,310	1,310	120	60	60
English and non-official language	250	125	130	680	315	370
French and non-official language	1,950	925	1,025	5	0	5
English, French and non-official language	325	175	150	15	10	10
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	315,010	156,545	158,465	35,555	17,895	17,660
None	284,180	140,805	143,375	31,490	15,990	15,500
English	17,615	9,125	8,490	1,250	590	660
French	8,610	4,325	4,285	890	425	470
Non-official language	3,625	1,805	1,820	1,830	845	985
Aboriginal	15	10	5	585	275	315
Non-Aboriginal	3,610	1,800	1,815	1,245	575	675
English and French	360	185	170	20	10	10
English and non-official language	475	230	245	35	15	20
French and non-official language	140	60	75	45	25	25
English, French and non-official language	10	10	5	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	259,015	128,345	130,675	28,895	14,325	14,565
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	251,420	124,820	126,605	27,975	13,845	14,135
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,759	35,152	26,747	45,804	48,685	43,192
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	251,495	124,825	126,670	27,975	13,840	14,130
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	27,800	31,038	24,733	41,235	43,240	39,353
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	222,965	112,985	109,985	26,300	13,005	13,295
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	27,154	32,219	22,668	43,961	47,135	40,806
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	199,980	94,945	105,035	17,670	8,205	9,465
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,095	7,143	8,764	4,724	4,742	4,708
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	176,030	92,150	83,880	23,940	11,925	12,015
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,103	32,081	24,638	43,341	45,938	40,804
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	259,025	128,335	130,690	28,880	14,315	14,565
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	251,465	124,790	126,680	27,920	13,860	14,060
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,297	43,029	33,635	53,809	57,649	50,023
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	251,520	124,790	126,730	27,925	13,860	14,065
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,087	35,342	28,880	45,994	48,598	43,429
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	223,100	113,225	109,880	26,255	13,035	13,220
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,131	40,413	29,688	52,102	56,529	47,736
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	199,910	94,900	105,005	17,700	8,290	9,415
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,967	8,366	9,511	7,595	7,499	7,680
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	176,035	92,085	83,950	23,940	11,940	12,005
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,074	38,986	30,783	50,089	53,885	46,314
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	259,025	128,335	130,690	28,880	14,315	14,565
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	75,255	41,505	33,745	10,655	5,325	5,330
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	41,631	45,116	38,350	67,699	72,122	64,301
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	48,832	52,761	44,000	70,536	75,141	65,936
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	81.6	85.5	76.5	91.1	92.4	89.7
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	63.9	66.6	60.5	78.7	79.2	78.0
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	18.4	14.5	23.5	8.9	7.6	10.3
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	259,015	128,345	130,675	28,895	14,325	14,570
Without total income	7,590	3,525	4,070	920	485	435
With total income	251,425	124,815	126,605	27,975	13,840	14,130
Percentage with total income	97.1	97.2	96.9	96.8	96.6	97.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	28,805	12,690	16,115	2,875	1,460	1,415
$10,000 to $19,999	51,015	20,800	30,215	3,350	1,575	1,775
$20,000 to $29,999	43,115	19,645	23,470	3,455	1,605	1,845
$30,000 to $39,999	36,475	18,310	18,165	2,815	1,240	1,575
$40,000 to $49,999	30,545	15,985	14,565	2,545	1,195	1,345
$50,000 to $59,999	20,425	11,650	8,775	2,340	1,115	1,225
$60,000 to $69,999	13,165	7,805	5,355	2,370	1,115	1,255
$70,000 to $79,999	9,320	5,435	3,880	2,095	1,010	1,085
$80,000 to $89,999	5,805	3,660	2,150	1,725	885	840
$90,000 to $99,999	3,445	2,295	1,150	1,340	710	630
$100,000 and over	9,305	6,540	2,765	3,065	1,930	1,135
$100,000 to $149,999	6,230	4,285	1,945	2,325	1,410	910
$150,000 and over	3,080	2,255	820	740	520	225
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	259,020	128,345	130,670	28,890	14,325	14,565
Without after-tax income	7,525	3,515	4,005	920	485	435
With after-tax income	251,495	124,825	126,670	27,975	13,840	14,135
Percentage with after-tax income	97.1	97.3	96.9	96.8	96.6	97.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	30,070	13,000	17,070	2,935	1,485	1,445
$10,000 to $19,999	53,690	22,025	31,665	3,525	1,660	1,860
$20,000 to $29,999	52,435	24,745	27,690	3,860	1,800	2,065
$30,000 to $39,999	45,885	23,960	21,925	3,285	1,480	1,810
$40,000 to $49,999	30,060	16,790	13,270	3,080	1,450	1,630
$50,000 to $59,999	17,060	9,905	7,155	3,045	1,445	1,600
$60,000 to $69,999	9,705	5,780	3,920	2,685	1,305	1,380
$70,000 to $79,999	4,675	3,070	1,605	2,095	1,085	1,010
$80,000 and over	7,925	5,545	2,380	3,475	2,125	1,345
$80,000 to $89,999	2,490	1,685	805	1,285	710	580
$90,000 to $99,999	1,500	1,040	460	780	490	290
$100,000 and over	3,930	2,820	1,115	1,405	930	480
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	259,015	128,340	130,675	28,890	14,325	14,570
Without employment income	82,985	36,195	46,790	4,950	2,400	2,550
With employment income	176,030	92,150	83,885	23,945	11,930	12,015
Percentage with employment income	68.0	71.8	64.2	82.9	83.3	82.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	25,600	13,385	12,210	2,715	1,355	1,360
$5,000 to $9,999	14,900	6,630	8,275	1,605	745	860
$10,000 to $19,999	27,465	12,375	15,090	2,635	1,245	1,390
$20,000 to $29,999	24,505	11,350	13,155	2,275	1,050	1,225
$30,000 to $39,999	23,595	11,890	11,705	2,060	995	1,065
$40,000 to $49,999	18,680	10,290	8,395	1,985	940	1,040
$50,000 to $59,999	12,860	7,900	4,960	1,875	855	1,025
$60,000 to $69,999	8,515	5,225	3,290	1,980	885	1,095
$70,000 to $79,999	7,005	4,070	2,930	1,750	845	905
$80,000 and over	12,910	9,040	3,870	5,065	3,015	2,055
$80,000 to $89,999	4,085	2,790	1,295	1,495	810	680
$90,000 to $99,999	2,505	1,700	810	1,135	610	530
$100,000 and over	6,325	4,560	1,765	2,435	1,590	845
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	142,875	...	...	15,215	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	53,336	...	...	84,521	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	47,396	...	...	73,935	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	49,640	...	...	4,900	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	27,363	...	...	42,170	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	25,462	...	...	38,536	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	93,240	...	...	10,315	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	71,212	...	...	110,664	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	62,234	...	...	96,068	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	142,875	...	...	15,215	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	67,404	...	...	98,739	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	56,486	...	...	84,412	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	49,520	...	...	4,920	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	35,256	...	...	50,317	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	30,000	...	...	43,443	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	93,355	...	...	10,295	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	84,459	...	...	121,861	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	70,537	...	...	103,975	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	142,875	...	...	15,215	...	...
Under $5,000	1,560	...	...	225	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	2,515	...	...	155	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	6,205	...	...	290	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	8,380	...	...	555	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	8,670	...	...	670	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	6,950	...	...	480	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	8,690	...	...	510	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	8,515	...	...	505	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	8,080	...	...	510	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	7,335	...	...	455	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	12,935	...	...	910	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	11,340	...	...	965	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	9,750	...	...	935	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	8,165	...	...	960	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	6,640	...	...	860	...	...
$100,000 and over	27,145	...	...	6,220	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	11,685	...	...	1,725	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	6,590	...	...	1,400	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,345	...	...	1,850	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,525	...	...	1,250	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	142,875	...	...	15,215	...	...
Under $5,000	1,670	...	...	235	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	2,560	...	...	160	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	6,285	...	...	295	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	8,815	...	...	580	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	9,790	...	...	680	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	8,370	...	...	555	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	10,700	...	...	575	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	10,010	...	...	605	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	9,045	...	...	575	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	8,470	...	...	510	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	15,040	...	...	1,190	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	12,450	...	...	1,185	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	9,950	...	...	1,150	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	7,725	...	...	1,005	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	5,905	...	...	885	...	...
$100,000 and over	16,095	...	...	5,045	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	8,690	...	...	1,840	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,630	...	...	1,420	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,775	...	...	1,785	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	89,410	...	...	9,795	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	72,139	...	...	108,816	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	62,774	...	...	94,853	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	42,810	...	...	3,890	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	64,177	...	...	104,425	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	56,075	...	...	90,825	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	31,765	...	...	3,860	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	97,451	...	...	139,567	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	83,251	...	...	119,060	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.0	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	12,975	...	...	1,765	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	48,929	...	...	62,816	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	45,048	...	...	58,386	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	89,410	...	...	9,795	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	85,467	...	...	120,618	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	71,202	...	...	102,755	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	42,810	...	...	3,900	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	77,658	...	...	113,004	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	64,462	...	...	95,932	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	31,875	...	...	3,885	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	108,853	...	...	151,228	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	89,818	...	...	127,809	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,875	...	...	1,750	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	55,576	...	...	72,156	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	48,766	...	...	64,133	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	59,725	29,890	29,840	6,685	3,505	3,180
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	25,549	27,536	24,173	39,951	36,718	42,449
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	24,171	25,337	23,205	36,618	33,829	39,148
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	59,605	29,690	29,910	6,705	3,630	3,070
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	33,360	35,100	31,634	47,879	46,673	49,305
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	28,589	29,591	27,595	41,460	40,111	43,054
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	310,010	154,840	155,175	35,110	17,645	17,470
In the bottom half of the distribution	198,270	97,430	100,840	12,840	6,500	6,340
In the bottom decile	31,435	15,715	15,715	2,530	1,440	1,090
In the second decile	40,730	18,825	21,905	2,705	1,345	1,360
In the third decile	44,980	21,990	22,985	2,315	1,110	1,205
In the fourth decile	42,705	21,350	21,355	2,420	1,145	1,275
In the fifth decile	38,430	19,545	18,880	2,870	1,455	1,415
In the top half of the distribution	111,740	57,410	54,330	22,270	11,145	11,130
In the sixth decile	34,025	17,505	16,525	3,005	1,500	1,505
In the seventh decile	28,560	14,570	13,990	3,535	1,745	1,790
In the eighth decile	21,985	11,295	10,695	4,495	2,200	2,300
In the ninth decile	15,515	8,045	7,470	5,420	2,755	2,670
In the top decile	11,650	5,995	5,655	5,810	2,950	2,860
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	310,015	154,840	155,175	0	0	0
0 to 17 years	60,990	31,675	29,315	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	20,145	10,510	9,635	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	190,065	94,870	95,190	0	0	0
65 years and over	58,955	28,290	30,670	0	0	0
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	50,665	23,960	26,710	0	0	0
0 to 17 years	9,210	4,790	4,420	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	2,930	1,525	1,400	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	29,745	14,620	15,125	0	0	0
65 years and over	11,710	4,545	7,165	0	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	16.3	15.5	17.2	...	...	...
0 to 17 years (%)	15.1	15.1	15.1	...	...	...
0 to 5 years (%)	14.5	14.5	14.5	...	...	...
18 to 64 years (%)	15.6	15.4	15.9	...	...	...
65 years and over (%)	19.9	16.1	23.4	...	...	...
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	22,835	11,700	11,135	0	0	0
0 to 17 years	3,610	1,830	1,785	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	1,130	570	560	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	17,955	9,320	8,635	0	0	0
65 years and over	1,280	555	725	0	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	7.4	7.6	7.2	...	...	...
0 to 17 years (%)	5.9	5.8	6.1	...	...	...
0 to 5 years (%)	5.6	5.4	5.8	...	...	...
18 to 64 years (%)	9.4	9.8	9.1	...	...	...
65 years and over (%)	2.2	2.0	2.4	...	...	...
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	310,015	154,840	155,175	35,110	17,640	17,465
Official languages	308,815	154,305	154,510	35,010	17,605	17,405
English	132,885	71,195	61,690	34,930	17,570	17,365
French	302,215	151,075	151,145	4,910	2,270	2,640
Non-official languages	23,100	11,175	11,920	6,255	2,970	3,285
Aboriginal languages	25	20	0	1,165	535	630
Algonquian languages	10	10	0	40	15	25
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	30	10	15
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	10	15
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	10	0	10	10	10
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	10	0	0	10	10	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	870	400	470
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	860	395	465
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	10
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	15	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	95	45	50
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	20	10	10
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	10	15
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	335	185	150
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	330	180	150
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	10	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	405	160	245
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	275	115	160
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	135	50	90
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	20	10	10	50	10	35
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	30	10	25
Inuktitut	15	10	0	20	10	10
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	10	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	10	10	10
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	10	10	10
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	195	95	100
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	10	15
Non-Aboriginal languages	23,075	11,160	11,910	5,105	2,440	2,665
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,685	1,395	1,290	70	50	20
Berber languages	260	170	90	0	0	0
Kabyle	170	115	55	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	90	55	30	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	20	20	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	20	20	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	2,590	1,330	1,265	50	35	20
Amharic	0	0	0	10	0	10
Arabic	2,535	1,315	1,225	30	25	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15	15	10	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	40	10	30	15	0	10
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	10	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	275	145	130	60	35	30
Khmer (Cambodian)	80	35	40	0	0	0
Vietnamese	195	105	90	60	30	30
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	105	30	75	1,225	490	730
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	10
Cebuano	30	0	30	115	55	60
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	20	0	15
Ilocano	10	0	10	20	10	15
Malagasy	30	20	10	0	0	0
Malay	10	10	0	35	15	20
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	55	10	50	1,095	445	650
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	20	0	15
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Creole languages	400	190	210	15	0	10
Haitian Creole	35	10	25	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	355	185	175	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	15	10	10
Dravidian languages	40	20	15	50	25	20
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	10	10	0
Tamil	20	10	15	45	20	20
Telugu	15	10	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	17,105	8,220	8,880	3,060	1,540	1,515
Albanian	25	10	15	10	0	0
Armenian	40	25	20	15	10	15
Balto-Slavic languages	2,055	1,005	1,045	375	195	185
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	2,055	1,005	1,045	375	190	180
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	270	135	140	0	0	0
Bulgarian	80	45	35	10	0	10
Croatian	145	50	95	25	20	10
Czech	65	35	30	80	55	25
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	255	130	125	50	25	30
Russian	360	185	175	145	65	75
Serbian	540	275	270	10	10	0
Serbo-Croatian	385	190	190	0	0	0
Slovak	55	20	35	15	10	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	10	10	30	10	25
Ukrainian	70	20	50	40	25	20
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	10	0
Celtic languages	10	10	0	20	10	10
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	10	10	0
Welsh	0	0	0	10	10	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	10	10	0
Germanic languages	1,550	865	685	1,360	715	650
Afrikaans	0	0	0	45	25	25
Danish	30	15	20	10	10	0
Dutch	195	110	80	155	75	75
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	1,285	720	560	1,125	585	540
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	20	15	0	30	15	15
Swedish	40	30	10	25	15	15
Vlaams (Flemish)	25	0	20	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Greek	145	80	65	10	10	10
Indo-Iranian languages	1,875	985	890	315	190	125
Indo-Aryan languages	450	260	195	300	180	120
Bengali	20	0	15	20	10	10
Gujarati	20	10	10	50	45	10
Hindi	75	55	20	170	115	55
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	100	65	35	10	10	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	35	20	15	150	70	80
Sindhi	0	10	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	20	10	0	0	0
Urdu	215	95	115	50	25	25
Iranian languages	1,595	810	785	15	10	0
Kurdish	15	10	0	0	0	0
Pashto	140	70	70	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	1,530	780	750	15	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	11,980	5,550	6,430	1,130	490	635
Catalan	35	15	15	0	0	0
Italian	920	435	480	130	45	85
Portuguese	545	295	255	55	30	30
Romanian	180	95	85	15	0	10
Spanish	10,715	4,930	5,785	975	435	535
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	20	20	0	0	0	0
Japanese	175	90	85	105	55	45
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	55	25	35	70	20	50
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	1,670	850	820	65	40	25
Akan (Twi)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	90	60	30	0	0	10
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	15	10	10	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	15	15	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	10	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	235	110	120	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	250	140	120	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	110	50	55	0	0	10
Shona	0	0	0	0	10	0
Swahili	440	230	205	15	10	10
Wolof	225	105	115	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	10	0	10	10	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	510	255	250	30	10	20
Nilo-Saharan languages	55	10	45	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	55	15	45	0	0	0
Sign languages	285	95	190	55	25	35
American Sign Language	10	0	10	40	20	15
Quebec Sign Language	170	65	105	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	120	35	85	15	0	15
Sino-Tibetan languages	410	230	185	305	150	155
Chinese languages	410	225	185	300	145	155
Cantonese	55	20	30	180	105	75
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	310	165	150	185	80	105
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	10	20	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	65	50	20	10	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	85	30	55	40	25	15
Lao	70	30	45	10	0	0
Thai	30	0	25	40	20	15
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	95	55	45	20	15	10
Azerbaijani	10	10	0	0	0	0
Turkish	85	50	40	10	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	10	10	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages	95	55	45	115	65	50
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	15	10	10	45	15	25
Hungarian	75	45	35	75	45	25
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	60	30	25	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	310,015	154,840	155,175	35,110	17,640	17,465
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	301,480	150,550	150,925	32,955	16,610	16,350
Canadian citizens aged under 18	59,265	30,790	28,475	7,085	3,700	3,390
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	242,215	119,760	122,455	25,875	12,910	12,965
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	8,530	4,285	4,245	2,155	1,035	1,120
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	310,015	154,840	155,175	35,110	17,645	17,465
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	290,190	144,805	145,380	30,260	15,305	14,950
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	17,580	8,800	8,780	4,410	2,075	2,330
Before 1981	3,730	1,960	1,775	1,325	695	630
1981 to 1990	1,360	710	645	385	200	185
1991 to 2000	2,885	1,400	1,485	530	235	295
2001 to 2010	5,390	2,680	2,715	1,055	480	575
2001 to 2005	2,295	1,100	1,195	330	130	205
2006 to 2010	3,100	1,575	1,525	725	350	375
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	4,210	2,055	2,160	1,115	470	645
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	2,245	1,235	1,010	435	255	185
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	17,580	8,795	8,785	4,410	2,080	2,330
Under 5 years	2,755	1,400	1,350	460	205	255
5 to 14 years	3,235	1,615	1,620	765	375	390
15 to 24 years	3,100	1,430	1,670	915	420	490
25 to 44 years	7,345	3,765	3,575	1,970	935	1,035
45 years and over	1,145	575	565	310	145	160
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	17,580	8,795	8,785	4,410	2,080	2,330
Americas	5,085	2,420	2,665	700	295	410
Brazil	155	75	80	10	10	10
Colombia	1,125	550	575	15	10	0
El Salvador	135	60	75	10	0	0
Guyana	0	10	0	10	0	10
Haiti	310	125	180	0	0	0
Jamaica	10	0	10	15	0	15
Mexico	325	165	160	45	20	20
Peru	150	60	90	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	10	0	10	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	1,885	895	985	560	235	320
Other places of birth in Americas	985	485	500	45	20	30
Europe	6,135	3,220	2,920	1,730	945	785
Bosnia and Herzegovina	715	370	345	10	10	0
Croatia	135	65	70	10	10	0
France	2,575	1,380	1,190	80	50	30
Germany	325	175	150	440	245	195
Greece	75	40	30	0	0	0
Hungary	30	20	10	40	25	20
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	10	10	10	35	25	15
Italy	145	95	45	40	20	15
Netherlands	70	20	50	135	70	65
Poland	150	75	80	35	10	15
Portugal	30	20	10	10	10	0
Romania	200	105	90	10	0	10
Russian Federation	190	90	100	25	10	20
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	120	40	80	0	0	0
Ukraine	60	25	35	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	290	155	135	520	260	250
Other places of birth in Europe	1,015	530	485	355	215	140
Africa	3,455	1,860	1,595	175	125	50
Algeria	540	310	230	10	0	0
Egypt	80	45	35	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	10	10	0
Kenya	0	0	0	10	10	0
Morocco	605	355	250	10	10	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	15	10	0
Somalia	0	0	0	20	15	10
South Africa, Republic of	15	10	10	50	25	25
Other places of birth in Africa	2,215	1,135	1,075	45	35	15
Asia	2,865	1,275	1,590	1,695	675	1,010
Afghanistan	780	400	380	0	0	0
Bangladesh	10	10	10	10	10	10
China^{Census data footnote 59}	415	115	300	230	80	150
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	20	10	10	15	10	0
India	45	20	20	110	50	60
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	150	70	80	15	10	10
Iraq	155	75	80	0	0	0
Japan	10	0	10	20	10	10
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	45	20	20	50	25	30
Lebanon	70	40	30	0	0	0
Pakistan	260	135	125	25	10	15
Philippines	60	15	50	1,010	385	625
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	15	0	10
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	265	115	150	10	0	0
Taiwan	35	10	25	10	0	0
Viet Nam	180	85	90	60	25	35
Other places of birth in Asia	350	150	200	120	55	70
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	30	20	15	110	40	70
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	4,210	2,050	2,155	1,115	470	640
Americas	780	360	415	85	25	55
Brazil	45	25	25	10	0	10
Colombia	250	110	140	0	0	0
Cuba	65	30	35	10	0	10
Haiti	50	25	25	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	105	55	50	25	10	15
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	120	65	60	35	15	25
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	25	10	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	110	40	75	0	0	0
Europe	630	325	305	170	85	85
France	380	200	185	40	20	20
Germany	0	0	0	60	25	35
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	15	10	10
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	10	0	0
Romania	15	10	10	0	0	0
Russian Federation	55	30	30	10	0	10
Ukraine	30	15	15	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	20	20	0	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	125	60	65	35	20	20
Africa	1,530	775	750	15	10	0
Algeria	150	90	65	0	0	0
Cameroon	95	60	35	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	215	100	110	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	145	55	90	0	0	0
Egypt	35	15	20	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	155	80	75	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	10	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	80	45	35	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	645	330	310	10	10	0
Asia	1,265	575	690	835	345	495
Afghanistan	445	215	230	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	75	30	40	40	20	25
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	15	10	10	40	10	25
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	75	40	35	15	10	0
Iraq	90	40	50	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	10	10	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	10	0	10	25	15	10
Lebanon	25	15	10	0	0	0
Nepal	10	10	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	170	90	85	20	10	10
Philippines	15	0	20	635	245	390
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	235	100	135	0	0	0
Taiwan	30	10	15	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	20	15	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	50	15	35	50	20	30
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	10	10	0	10	10	10
Australia	10	0	0	10	0	10
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	310,015	154,835	155,175	35,110	17,640	17,470
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	20,840	10,520	10,320	5,055	2,460	2,590
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	14,660	7,180	7,480	5,570	2,735	2,835
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	274,510	137,145	137,370	24,490	12,450	12,045
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	14,015	6,915	7,105	3,155	1,420	1,740
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	5,715	3,015	2,700	2,045	990	1,055
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	2,650	1,700	950	1,015	565	450
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	3,065	1,315	1,745	1,030	420	605
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	3,190	1,345	1,840	980	340	635
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	4,955	2,475	2,480	125	85	45
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	160	75	90	10	10	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	310,010	154,840	155,175	35,115	17,645	17,465
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	4,045	2,055	1,990	8,195	3,960	4,230
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	3,810	1,960	1,850	7,925	3,815	4,110
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	1,785	860	920	6,685	3,315	3,370
Métis	1,930	1,030	900	1,015	430	590
Inuk (Inuit)	90	65	30	230	75	150
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	120	45	75	160	85	75
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	110	45	65	105	60	45
Non-Aboriginal identity	305,965	152,780	153,185	26,915	13,685	13,235
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	310,015	154,840	155,175	35,110	17,645	17,465
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	835	445	385	5,910	2,990	2,920
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	309,180	154,395	154,790	29,200	14,655	14,550
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	310,010	154,840	155,175	35,115	17,645	17,470
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	3,005	1,345	1,660	3,740	1,860	1,880
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	2,925	1,310	1,620	3,650	1,810	1,840
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	2,525	1,125	1,395	3,405	1,705	1,695
Métis single ancestry	375	165	210	150	65	90
Inuit single ancestry	30	20	15	95	35	55
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	80	35	45	85	50	35
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	75	40	40	30	10	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	10	55	35	15
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	10,000	5,030	4,970	4,585	2,140	2,440
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	9,825	4,935	4,890	4,325	2,035	2,295
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	8,765	4,395	4,370	3,515	1,680	1,840
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	975	490	480	660	285	375
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	90	50	40	145	70	80
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	170	95	80	260	110	155
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	155	80	70	160	65	105
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	10	10	90	40	50
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	10	0	10	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	297,010	148,465	148,540	26,790	13,645	13,145
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	310,015	154,840	155,175	35,115	17,645	17,470
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	12,775	6,315	6,460	3,000	1,345	1,650
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	485	255	230	500	275	225
Chinese	665	245	415	415	170	240
Black	3,865	1,905	1,955	270	120	150
Filipino	95	30	70	1,190	480	710
Latin American	3,000	1,460	1,535	130	75	60
Arab	2,055	1,110	950	10	10	10
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	670	325	340	180	80	100
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	1,350	680	670	30	20	10
Korean	95	40	60	70	20	50
Japanese	75	35	35	65	35	30
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	105	60	50	15	10	10
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	320	170	150	120	60	60
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	297,240	148,520	148,710	32,110	16,295	15,815
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	310,010	154,840	155,175	35,115	17,645	17,470
North American Aboriginal origins	13,005	6,375	6,635	8,320	4,000	4,325
First Nations (North American Indian)	11,535	5,645	5,885	7,255	3,535	3,725
Inuit	150	80	70	390	195	200
Métis	1,580	780	800	1,020	430	590
Other North American origins	229,745	114,375	115,370	9,335	4,775	4,565
Acadian	1,140	515	620	165	65	95
American	2,110	1,010	1,100	675	310	365
Canadian	222,680	110,800	111,880	8,635	4,460	4,180
New Brunswicker	15	10	15	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	10	10	0	65	30	35
Nova Scotian	10	10	0	10	0	0
Ontarian	20	15	10	0	0	10
Québécois	6,840	3,510	3,330	85	40	50
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	30	15	15	0	0	0
European origins	112,985	56,650	56,335	24,990	12,525	12,465
British Isles origins	32,425	15,620	16,800	17,525	8,740	8,780
Channel Islander	15	0	10	0	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0	0	0
English	11,965	5,625	6,340	9,680	4,850	4,825
Irish	18,670	8,820	9,855	6,930	3,310	3,615
Manx	0	0	0	10	0	10
Scottish	8,385	4,185	4,200	8,290	4,065	4,235
Welsh	610	240	375	905	425	480
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	855	435	420	1,235	595	640
French origins	81,730	41,280	40,445	5,060	2,455	2,605
Alsatian	30	20	10	0	10	0
Breton	670	340	325	15	10	10
Corsican	10	0	10	0	0	0
French	81,355	41,100	40,255	5,035	2,440	2,600
Western European origins (except French origins)	9,130	4,515	4,615	7,690	3,805	3,885
Austrian	270	145	125	365	180	185
Bavarian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Belgian	2,155	1,065	1,090	175	85	90
Dutch	1,085	535	550	1,765	815	945
Flemish	35	20	15	10	0	10
Frisian	10	10	0	15	0	15
German	5,020	2,485	2,530	5,575	2,765	2,810
Luxembourger	20	0	15	10	0	0
Swiss	990	485	500	435	265	170
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	30	0	30
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	955	460	500	3,335	1,625	1,710
Danish	270	140	130	555	275	280
Finnish	50	25	20	275	135	145
Icelandic	25	0	15	215	125	85
Norwegian	295	125	170	1,380	690	690
Swedish	240	115	125	1,100	510	585
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	110	65	45	205	110	95
Eastern European origins	3,130	1,515	1,615	4,495	2,190	2,305
Bulgarian	85	40	40	45	15	30
Byelorussian	50	25	20	20	10	0
Czech	100	55	40	180	110	70
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	55	20	40	40	10	30
Estonian	15	10	15	15	15	0
Hungarian	390	185	205	485	250	235
Latvian	15	15	0	50	25	20
Lithuanian	40	15	25	35	15	25
Moldovan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	1,125	530	590	1,140	530	605
Romanian	365	200	165	130	60	75
Russian	550	250	300	820	365	460
Slovak	115	60	60	110	60	55
Ukrainian	620	280	340	2,205	1,055	1,145
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	25	0	25	35	20	20
Southern European origins	8,815	4,425	4,385	1,490	690	795
Albanian	25	0	15	10	0	0
Bosnian	445	210	235	20	15	10
Catalan	35	20	15	0	0	0
Croatian	220	95	115	55	25	35
Cypriot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	440	185	255	90	50	40
Italian	4,735	2,415	2,320	915	400	520
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	20	10	15	15	15	0
Maltese	20	10	15	10	0	0
Montenegrin	20	0	10	0	0	0
Portuguese	710	325	385	70	30	35
Serbian	650	305	345	10	0	0
Sicilian	65	55	10	10	0	10
Slovenian	40	25	15	45	15	30
Spanish	1,820	930	890	270	140	130
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	225	130	100	30	15	15
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	675	320	355	450	175	280
Basque	160	80	75	20	0	20
Jewish	165	70	95	150	50	100
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	10	10	10
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	30	10	20
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	340	160	175	250	115	130
Caribbean origins	1,225	615	615	165	70	95
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	10	0	10	10	0	0
Barbadian	25	15	10	10	0	0
Bermudan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	160	75	85	15	0	0
Dominican	150	100	55	0	0	0
Grenadian	20	15	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	30	15	10	0	0	0
Haitian	755	355	395	0	0	0
Jamaican	40	15	20	95	40	50
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	25	10	15	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	10	0	10	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	10	20	0	15
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	15	15	0	15	10	10
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	45	20	25	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	3,925	1,890	2,035	215	110	105
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	125	55	60	0	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	100	65	35	35	15	20
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	40	10	30	0	0	0
Brazilian	230	105	125	20	10	10
Chilean	170	90	80	25	20	10
Colombian	1,410	700	710	25	15	10
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	20	15	10	0	0	0
Guatemalan	205	90	115	0	10	0
Guyanese	20	15	10	10	0	10
Hispanic	15	10	10	0	0	0
Honduran	100	55	45	10	0	10
Maya	15	0	15	0	0	0
Mexican	660	340	320	90	50	40
Nicaraguan	200	90	110	0	0	0
Panamanian	10	0	10	10	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	250	105	150	0	0	0
Salvadorean	260	125	135	0	0	0
Uruguayan	45	30	20	0	0	0
Venezuelan	100	40	60	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	120	50	70	0	0	0
African origins	5,460	2,895	2,565	350	165	185
Central and West African origins	1,885	965	920	60	30	25
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	25	20	10	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	70	50	15	0	0	0
Burkinabe	70	30	40	0	0	0
Cameroonian	240	135	110	0	0	0
Chadian	65	30	35	0	0	0
Congolese	560	260	300	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	10	10	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	20	10	10	0	0	0
Gambian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	20	15	10	10	10	10
Guinean	30	15	15	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	80	40	40	0	0	0
Liberian	25	20	10	0	0	0
Malian	105	50	55	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	50	35	20	15	10	10
Peulh	15	15	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	200	95	105	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	105	55	50	0	0	0
Wolof	25	20	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	10	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	280	150	130	30	20	10
North African origins	2,205	1,210	995	35	15	20
Algerian	480	245	225	0	0	0
Berber	390	240	150	10	10	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	250	125	120	0	0	0
Libyan	35	15	20	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	20	0	15
Moroccan	840	455	385	0	0	0
Sudanese	40	35	10	0	0	0
Tunisian	265	145	120	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	30	15	15	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	825	420	405	125	60	65
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	10
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	95	65	35	0	0	0
Burundian	365	180	190	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	15	10	10
Malagasy	120	60	60	0	0	0
Mauritian	10	10	10	10	10	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	140	65	80	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	15	10	0
Somali	10	10	0	15	15	10
South African	20	15	0	60	20	35
Tanzanian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	10	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	55	35	20	10	0	10
Other African origins	660	370	290	135	60	75
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	40	30	10	0	0	10
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	630	345	280	130	55	75
Asian origins	5,915	2,855	3,060	2,855	1,260	1,595
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	3,555	1,760	1,795	195	110	85
Afghan	1,200	610	595	0	10	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	605	310	290	15	10	10
Armenian	150	70	80	25	15	15
Assyrian	10	10	0	10	0	0
Azerbaijani	10	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	25	15	10	0	0	0
Iranian	270	135	130	20	10	10
Iraqi	225	90	130	10	0	0
Israeli	15	10	10	0	0	0
Jordanian	15	10	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	10	0	10	0	0	0
Kurd	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	375	210	165	60	45	15
Palestinian	30	15	10	0	0	0
Pashtun	25	0	15	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Syrian	610	275	335	0	0	10
Tajik	25	15	15	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	10	0	0
Turk	130	70	65	30	15	15
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	20	10	10
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	45	20	20	0	0	10
South Asian origins	500	275	225	460	265	200
Bangladeshi	25	10	15	30	15	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	60	35	25	0	0	0
East Indian	265	145	125	315	160	160
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	40	40	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	45	30	15	0	10	0
Pakistani	70	30	35	60	25	30
Punjabi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhalese	25	20	10	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	20	20	10
Tamil	15	0	15	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	0	0	0	10	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	1,890	840	1,050	2,180	890	1,285
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	135	65	70	0	0	0
Chinese	825	330	495	625	240	380
Filipino	95	30	65	1,330	550	780
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	15	0	10	20	0	15
Japanese	115	45	65	95	50	45
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	105	40	70	80	25	55
Laotian	110	50	60	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	45	10	40
Mongolian	50	45	10	10	10	10
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	40	15	25	0	0	0
Thai	60	25	30	25	10	15
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	430	230	200	85	50	40
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	10	0	0
Other Asian origins	30	15	10	25	0	25
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	25	20	10	25	0	25
Oceania origins	70	30	40	170	80	90
Australian	20	0	15	80	35	50
New Zealander	20	10	0	65	30	35
Pacific Islands origins	30	15	15	35	25	10
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	20	20	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	25	15	15	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	10	0	0	10	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	142,875	...	...	15,215	...	...
Owner	89,260	...	...	9,680	...	...
Renter	53,615	...	...	5,005	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	530	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	142,875	...	...	15,215	...	...
Condominium	9,855	...	...	1,495	...	...
Not condominium	133,015	...	...	13,720	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	142,875	...	...	15,215	...	...
No bedrooms	790	...	...	125	...	...
1 bedroom	18,615	...	...	2,515	...	...
2 bedrooms	44,415	...	...	4,290	...	...
3 bedrooms	49,605	...	...	5,065	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	29,455	...	...	3,215	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	142,875	...	...	15,215	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	45,880	...	...	5,160	...	...
5 rooms	25,390	...	...	2,675	...	...
6 rooms	18,525	...	...	2,340	...	...
7 rooms	17,470	...	...	1,755	...	...
8 or more rooms	35,595	...	...	3,285	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.0	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	142,875	...	...	15,215	...	...
One person or fewer per room	142,205	...	...	14,970	...	...
More than 1 person per room	665	...	...	245	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	142,875	...	...	15,215	...	...
Suitable	140,090	...	...	14,490	...	...
Not suitable	2,785	...	...	725	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	142,875	...	...	15,215	...	...
1960 or before	37,475	...	...	1,315	...	...
1961 to 1980	41,090	...	...	4,625	...	...
1981 to 1990	19,985	...	...	2,330	...	...
1991 to 2000	16,290	...	...	2,625	...	...
2001 to 2005	8,470	...	...	1,045	...	...
2006 to 2010	10,120	...	...	1,435	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	9,450	...	...	1,840	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	142,875	...	...	15,215	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	134,255	...	...	13,315	...	...
Major repairs needed	8,620	...	...	1,900	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	142,875	...	...	15,215	...	...
1 household maintainer	89,650	...	...	9,070	...	...
2 household maintainers	51,960	...	...	5,690	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	1,265	...	...	460	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	142,875	...	...	15,215	...	...
15 to 24 years	6,675	...	...	420	...	...
25 to 34 years	18,955	...	...	2,390	...	...
35 to 44 years	21,795	...	...	2,810	...	...
45 to 54 years	25,510	...	...	3,275	...	...
55 to 64 years	30,240	...	...	3,605	...	...
65 to 74 years	24,870	...	...	1,875	...	...
75 to 84 years	11,325	...	...	680	...	...
85 years and over	3,500	...	...	155	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	140,880	...	...	14,550	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	113,135	...	...	11,865	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	27,745	...	...	2,680	...	...
30% to less than 100%	25,180	...	...	2,345	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	87,525	...	...	9,590	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	59.9	...	...	59.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	12.1	...	...	12.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	845	...	...	1,239	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	922	...	...	1,325	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	200,229	...	...	358,721	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	234,587	...	...	371,716	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	53,460	...	...	5,005	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	8.4	...	...	25.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	32.2	...	...	29.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	610	...	...	967	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	659	...	...	1,038	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	259,020	128,335	130,690	28,875	14,310	14,565
No certificate, diploma or degree	56,280	29,560	26,725	4,715	2,635	2,080
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	54,900	25,920	28,980	6,835	3,325	3,505
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	147,845	72,855	74,990	17,335	8,350	8,985
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	51,545	31,080	20,460	3,145	2,450	695
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	37,090	19,555	17,535	1,230	785	445
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	14,450	11,525	2,925	1,915	1,665	255
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	44,380	18,760	25,625	6,120	2,520	3,600
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	7,700	2,995	4,710	825	320	500
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	44,220	20,015	24,200	7,250	3,060	4,195
Bachelor's degree	26,300	10,970	15,335	4,790	1,955	2,835
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	3,510	1,515	1,995	435	175	260
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,795	935	860	190	115	75
Master's degree	9,945	4,830	5,115	1,695	745	955
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	2,670	1,770	900	135	65	70
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	163,390	81,025	82,365	21,030	10,190	10,845
No certificate, diploma or degree	24,935	14,060	10,875	2,255	1,400	855
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	30,220	14,765	15,460	4,400	2,065	2,340
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	108,235	52,200	56,030	14,375	6,730	7,650
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	39,705	23,095	16,610	2,400	1,875	520
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	29,095	14,650	14,445	885	560	325
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	10,610	8,440	2,170	1,510	1,320	190
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	29,870	12,875	16,995	4,975	2,020	2,955
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,695	1,710	2,980	665	250	410
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	33,965	14,525	19,445	6,340	2,575	3,765
Bachelor's degree	20,545	8,385	12,165	4,190	1,660	2,530
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,405	860	1,540	380	140	235
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,385	610	775	165	90	75
Master's degree	7,590	3,395	4,195	1,500	625	870
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	2,040	1,270	770	110	55	60
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	259,025	128,335	130,690	28,880	14,315	14,565
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	111,180	55,480	55,700	11,545	5,960	5,585
Education	11,980	2,925	9,060	1,545	505	1,040
13. Education	11,980	2,920	9,055	1,545	505	1,040
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	4,315	1,845	2,470	525	215	305
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	720	525	190	60	50	10
50. Visual and performing arts	3,595	1,315	2,280	465	170	295
Humanities	8,360	3,615	4,745	840	375	470
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	890	225	665	90	15	70
23. English language and literature/letters	325	105	225	215	100	115
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	4,130	1,760	2,380	230	95	135
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	35	20	20	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	395	260	130	70	45	20
39. Theology and religious vocations	695	410	285	95	70	25
54. History	745	475	275	120	40	80
55. French language and literature/letters	1,135	370	770	20	0	20
Social and behavioural sciences and law	11,970	3,800	8,165	2,095	705	1,390
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	215	70	140	60	10	60
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,245	410	835	170	45	125
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	2,825	245	2,580	400	30	365
22. Legal professions and studies	1,955	805	1,150	290	140	150
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	395	40	350	45	10	35
42. Psychology	2,745	755	1,995	285	80	200
45. Social sciences	2,590	1,470	1,120	845	395	455
Business, management and public administration	30,100	9,855	20,240	3,310	960	2,350
30.16 Accounting and computer science	35	20	20	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	2,065	450	1,610	525	125	395
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	28,000	9,390	18,610	2,785	835	1,955
Physical and life sciences and technologies	5,325	3,095	2,235	690	360	330
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	2,070	1,030	1,040	380	195	190
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	560	325	235	95	45	50
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	1,230	690	540	10	0	10
40. Physical sciences	1,145	915	235	185	100	80
41. Science technologies/technicians	315	135	180	30	20	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,980	2,675	1,305	405	200	200
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,280	2,335	945	285	170	120
25. Library science	250	55	195	45	0	40
27. Mathematics and statistics	400	245	155	70	25	45
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	50	30	20	10	10	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	34,240	32,120	2,115	3,575	3,250	325
04. Architecture and related services	520	310	210	90	70	25
14. Engineering	3,970	3,415	550	470	365	100
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	6,630	5,970	660	520	455	65
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	10	0	10
46. Construction trades	8,370	8,190	180	1,210	1,150	55
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	8,170	7,980	190	990	955	40
48. Precision production	6,580	6,260	320	280	255	20
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	4,770	3,155	1,610	815	465	355
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	3,100	1,905	1,190	125	70	55
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,675	1,255	425	695	395	300
Health and related fields	21,525	4,355	17,170	2,200	515	1,690
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	1,260	770	490	215	90	125
51. Health professions and related programs	19,675	3,270	16,400	1,945	405	1,545
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	595	315	275	40	25	15
Personal, protective and transportation services	11,130	5,380	5,745	1,330	800	525
12. Personal and culinary services	7,050	1,760	5,290	640	215	425
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	30	30	0	10	0	0
43. Security and protective services	1,700	1,435	265	225	160	70
49. Transportation and materials moving	2,335	2,145	195	455	420	35
Other	155	30	130	0	10	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	160	30	125	10	10	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	163,390	81,025	82,365	21,030	10,190	10,845
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	55,160	28,825	26,335	6,655	3,460	3,195
Education	7,770	1,640	6,130	1,245	380	860
13. Education	7,770	1,645	6,125	1,250	385	865
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	3,130	1,305	1,825	480	200	275
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	555	385	170	55	50	10
50. Visual and performing arts	2,575	920	1,655	425	150	270
Humanities	4,805	2,080	2,720	675	300	380
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	585	130	450	70	20	55
23. English language and literature/letters	200	60	130	190	90	100
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,175	970	1,205	165	65	100
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	10	10	10	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	230	150	75	55	35	20
39. Theology and religious vocations	360	220	140	85	70	15
54. History	520	340	175	95	25	70
55. French language and literature/letters	735	195	540	20	0	15
Social and behavioural sciences and law	8,905	2,495	6,410	1,845	620	1,225
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	185	55	130	55	10	45
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	940	345	600	150	40	110
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	2,340	145	2,200	320	20	300
22. Legal professions and studies	1,400	495	910	280	130	145
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	275	30	250	40	10	35
42. Psychology	1,960	480	1,480	245	70	175
45. Social sciences	1,805	955	855	755	340	415
Business, management and public administration	22,955	6,850	16,105	2,750	750	1,995
30.16 Accounting and computer science	30	15	15	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,585	310	1,275	430	95	340
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	21,345	6,525	14,815	2,315	655	1,660
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,050	1,765	1,285	615	310	310
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,585	765	820	330	165	165
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	265	165	105	85	40	45
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	190	135	55	10	0	10
40. Physical sciences	790	595	190	165	85	80
41. Science technologies/technicians	220	105	115	30	20	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,315	2,270	1,050	335	165	170
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,880	2,070	815	265	150	115
25. Library science	155	40	115	35	10	25
27. Mathematics and statistics	235	135	100	30	0	25
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	40	20	20	10	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	25,740	23,920	1,820	2,815	2,525	285
04. Architecture and related services	365	205	155	75	55	25
14. Engineering	3,365	2,850	515	385	295	85
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	5,125	4,540	580	415	360	60
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	10	0	15
46. Construction trades	5,820	5,700	130	1,000	940	55
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	6,230	6,080	155	735	695	35
48. Precision production	4,830	4,545	285	190	175	15
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	3,785	2,405	1,380	735	405	330
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	2,415	1,415	1,000	115	60	55
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,365	990	380	625	350	280
Health and related fields	15,755	3,150	12,610	1,840	435	1,400
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	945	560	380	185	75	115
51. Health professions and related programs	14,340	2,370	11,975	1,620	350	1,275
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	470	215	255	30	15	15
Personal, protective and transportation services	8,905	4,300	4,605	1,040	625	415
12. Personal and culinary services	5,570	1,370	4,200	510	175	330
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	10	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	15	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	1,350	1,120	230	180	125	55
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,965	1,790	180	345	320	25
Other	120	30	95	10	10	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	120	30	90	10	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	259,025	128,335	130,690	28,880	14,315	14,565
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	111,180	55,485	55,700	11,545	5,960	5,585
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	147,845	72,855	74,990	17,335	8,350	8,985
Location of study inside Canada	141,135	69,165	71,970	14,515	6,955	7,560
Same as province or territory of residence	138,430	67,685	70,745	3,915	1,885	2,030
Different than province or territory of residence	2,705	1,480	1,225	10,600	5,065	5,535
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	6,710	3,685	3,020	2,815	1,400	1,425
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	960	590	375	635	345	285
Philippines	35	0	40	570	210	360
India	45	20	20	105	65	40
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	215	135	75	265	115	150
China^{Census data footnote 162}	95	40	55	40	15	20
France	2,025	1,200	825	65	35	25
Other	3,345	1,700	1,640	1,145	610	535
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	163,390	81,025	82,365	21,035	10,190	10,845
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	55,160	28,825	26,330	6,655	3,460	3,195
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	108,235	52,205	56,035	14,380	6,730	7,650
Location of study inside Canada	103,170	49,610	53,560	12,045	5,585	6,465
Same as province or territory of residence	101,410	48,715	52,700	3,120	1,450	1,665
Different than province or territory of residence	1,755	895	865	8,925	4,130	4,795
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	5,065	2,590	2,475	2,335	1,145	1,185
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	585	310	275	460	245	215
Philippines	35	0	35	550	205	340
India	30	20	10	85	55	30
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	110	70	45	185	90	90
China^{Census data footnote 162}	80	30	50	25	10	20
France	1,490	840	650	55	30	20
Other	2,730	1,320	1,410	975	505	470
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	259,025	128,335	130,690	28,880	14,315	14,565
In the labour force	159,015	82,785	76,230	21,795	11,005	10,795
Employed	148,890	76,970	71,920	19,790	9,765	10,025
Unemployed	10,120	5,815	4,310	2,010	1,240	765
Not in the labour force	100,005	45,550	54,460	7,085	3,310	3,775
Participation rate	61.4	64.5	58.3	75.5	76.9	74.1
Employment rate	57.5	60.0	55.0	68.5	68.2	68.8
Unemployment rate	6.4	7.0	5.7	9.2	11.3	7.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	259,020	128,335	130,690	28,880	14,310	14,570
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	91,740	40,935	50,800	5,980	2,790	3,190
Worked	167,285	87,395	79,890	22,900	11,525	11,375
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	76,830	42,605	34,225	10,865	5,465	5,405
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	90,460	44,795	45,660	12,030	6,060	5,975
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.4	42.3	42.6	41.1	40.3	41.9
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	159,015	82,790	76,230	21,800	11,005	10,790
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	3,330	1,680	1,655	395	220	175
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	155,685	81,105	74,580	21,405	10,785	10,615
Employee	134,710	68,480	66,225	18,810	9,165	9,645
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	20,975	12,620	8,350	2,595	1,620	975
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	159,015	82,785	76,230	21,795	11,005	10,795
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	3,335	1,680	1,655	395	220	175
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	155,685	81,105	74,575	21,405	10,790	10,615
0 Management occupations	14,920	9,610	5,310	2,460	1,325	1,135
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	20,580	5,860	14,715	3,465	740	2,725
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	8,420	6,685	1,730	1,385	1,055	330
3 Health occupations	13,130	2,570	10,565	1,230	255	970
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	19,365	5,820	13,545	3,625	1,280	2,345
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	3,975	1,875	2,100	790	345	450
6 Sales and service occupations	35,140	14,645	20,490	3,955	1,660	2,300
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	23,775	22,570	1,200	3,650	3,400	250
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	3,720	2,960	760	505	450	50
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	12,670	8,515	4,155	350	285	60
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	159,015	82,785	76,230	21,795	11,005	10,790
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	3,330	1,680	1,650	395	220	175
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	155,685	81,105	74,575	21,405	10,785	10,620
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	5,875	4,215	1,660	245	190	55
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	355	335	20	505	440	70
22 Utilities	445	360	85	160	115	50
23 Construction	10,160	9,060	1,100	2,055	1,810	240
31-33 Manufacturing	26,020	18,755	7,265	335	230	105
41 Wholesale trade	3,785	2,660	1,120	325	240	85
44-45 Retail trade	18,335	8,270	10,070	1,975	1,015	960
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	5,140	4,065	1,080	1,060	765	300
51 Information and cultural industries	2,005	1,215	790	535	300	235
52 Finance and insurance	3,590	1,165	2,430	305	95	210
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,625	935	695	195	105	90
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	8,020	4,280	3,740	1,295	645	645
55 Management of companies and enterprises	55	30	25	20	10	15
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	5,895	3,575	2,320	565	330	235
61 Educational services	14,030	4,880	9,145	1,630	520	1,115
62 Health care and social assistance	22,735	4,310	18,425	2,070	400	1,670
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	2,705	1,505	1,195	600	285	310
72 Accommodation and food services	10,280	3,905	6,380	1,545	605	940
81 Other services (except public administration)	7,760	3,790	3,970	775	415	355
91 Public administration	6,870	3,810	3,055	5,205	2,280	2,925
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	148,895	76,975	71,920	19,790	9,765	10,025
Worked at home	11,930	6,310	5,625	1,420	770	655
Worked outside Canada	530	330	200	25	10	20
No fixed workplace address	12,650	9,780	2,875	2,330	1,795	540
Worked at usual place	123,780	60,555	63,225	16,010	7,200	8,815
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	123,775	60,550	63,225	16,010	7,195	8,815
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	73,535	34,555	38,985	13,510	6,025	7,485
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	13,595	6,430	7,165	2,265	1,040	1,225
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	36,415	19,440	16,980	0	0	0
Commute to a different province or territory	225	135	95	235	135	100
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	136,430	70,335	66,095	18,340	8,990	9,350
Car, truck, van - as a driver	116,405	60,945	55,460	13,990	7,130	6,860
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	5,510	2,325	3,185	1,095	385	710
Public transit	4,055	1,685	2,375	720	315	405
Walked	8,350	3,985	4,365	1,735	645	1,090
Bicycle	915	730	190	470	285	190
Other method	1,190	660	525	320	225	90
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	136,435	70,335	66,095	18,340	8,985	9,355
Less than 15 minutes	54,140	26,750	27,390	9,735	4,695	5,040
15 to 29 minutes	52,685	26,220	26,465	6,195	3,045	3,150
30 to 44 minutes	19,550	10,980	8,570	1,400	625	770
45 to 59 minutes	5,340	3,055	2,285	465	215	245
60 minutes and over	4,715	3,330	1,380	550	405	150
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	136,430	70,335	66,100	18,340	8,990	9,355
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	6,330	4,610	1,725	520	335	180
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	25,960	17,810	8,145	1,930	1,150	780
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	47,120	22,570	24,545	6,185	3,220	2,965
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	26,310	10,390	15,925	5,785	2,450	3,335
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	9,795	3,750	6,045	1,905	805	1,100
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	20,910	11,200	9,710	2,015	1,020	990
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	172,050	89,525	82,525	23,495	11,810	11,685
Single responses	165,780	86,215	79,565	23,325	11,735	11,595
Official languages	165,465	86,055	79,410	23,230	11,695	11,540
English	9,710	5,210	4,500	22,970	11,600	11,370
French	155,750	80,840	74,915	260	95	165
Non-official languages	315	165	150	95	35	55
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	25	10	15
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	20	10	15
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	10	10
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	315	165	155	70	30	40
Afro-Asiatic languages	25	20	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	25	25	10	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	25	20	10	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	10	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	0	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	245	120	125	25	10	15
Albanian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	40	30	10	20	10	10
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	10	10	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	25	20	0	15	10	10
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	95	40	55	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	15	15	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	15	15	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	85	20	55	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	10	0	10	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	75	25	55	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	95	50	40	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	90	50	40	0	0	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	10	10	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	10	10	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	10	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	10	0	25	15	15
Chinese languages	15	10	0	25	15	15
Cantonese	0	0	0	20	15	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	15	10	10	10	0	10
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	6,270	3,310	2,960	165	75	90
English and French	6,040	3,195	2,845	75	35	40
English and non-official language	35	20	15	80	35	45
French and non-official language	115	45	70	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	75	45	30	10	0	10
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	172,050	89,525	82,525	23,495	11,810	11,685
None	126,570	65,565	61,010	21,950	11,185	10,765
English	38,830	20,460	18,375	210	80	130
French	5,615	2,985	2,635	825	330	500
Non-official language	615	295	320	475	205	275
Aboriginal	0	0	0	175	70	105
Non-Aboriginal	610	290	320	305	135	170
English and French	20	15	10	0	0	0
English and non-official language	335	175	160	0	0	0
French and non-official language	65	45	25	20	10	15
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	306,860	153,225	153,635	34,705	17,450	17,250
Non-movers	266,880	133,570	133,310	28,875	14,450	14,430
Movers	39,980	19,655	20,325	5,825	3,005	2,825
Non-migrants	23,955	11,840	12,120	3,635	1,895	1,740
Migrants	16,020	7,815	8,210	2,190	1,110	1,085
Internal migrants	13,820	6,700	7,120	1,945	990	955
Intraprovincial migrants	13,290	6,385	6,900	545	265	285
Interprovincial migrants	530	315	215	1,400	725	670
External migrants	2,210	1,115	1,090	250	115	130
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	293,505	146,275	147,240	32,990	16,505	16,480
Non-movers	184,780	92,635	92,145	18,040	9,060	8,980
Movers	108,730	53,640	55,095	14,945	7,450	7,495
Non-migrants	61,725	30,505	31,215	8,245	4,195	4,050
Migrants	47,010	23,130	23,875	6,700	3,260	3,445
Internal migrants	41,235	20,315	20,915	5,515	2,675	2,830
Intraprovincial migrants	39,995	19,690	20,300	1,235	590	640
Interprovincial migrants	1,245	625	615	4,285	2,090	2,195
External migrants	5,770	2,815	2,960	1,190	575	615

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Return to footnote 43 referrer

Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 180 referrer

Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 181 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Estrie [Economic region], Quebec and Yukon [Territory] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 9, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Estrie [Economic region], Quebec and Yukon [Territory]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Estrie [Economic region], Quebec and Yukon [Territory]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Estrie [Economic region], Quebec and Yukon [Territory]