Census Profile, 2016 Census
Montérégie [Economic region], Quebec and Manitoba [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Montérégie Quebec [Economic region]			Manitoba [Province]
	Data quality , Montérégie [Economic region], Quebec Map : Montérégie [Economic region], Quebec Change geography 1			Data quality : Manitoba [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	1,507,070	...	...	1,278,365	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	1,442,433	...	...	1,208,268	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	4.5	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	657,344	...	...	539,748	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	626,077	...	...	489,050	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	135.4	...	...	2.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	11,132.34	...	...	552,370.99	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	1,507,070	741,455	765,615	1,278,365	631,400	646,970
0 to 14 years	258,825	132,555	126,265	243,820	125,110	118,710
0 to 4 years	83,415	42,750	40,665	81,065	41,710	39,355
5 to 9 years	91,610	47,000	44,610	83,375	42,565	40,805
10 to 14 years	83,800	42,810	40,995	79,380	40,835	38,545
15 to 64 years	977,470	486,190	491,285	835,580	417,260	418,320
15 to 19 years	83,280	42,565	40,715	82,440	42,555	39,890
20 to 24 years	86,680	44,415	42,270	86,760	44,465	42,295
25 to 29 years	80,250	40,305	39,945	86,695	43,570	43,125
30 to 34 years	87,625	43,170	44,460	85,185	42,210	42,975
35 to 39 years	101,380	50,110	51,275	81,105	39,885	41,215
40 to 44 years	96,765	48,095	48,665	79,325	39,530	39,795
45 to 49 years	100,295	49,910	50,390	79,350	39,220	40,130
50 to 54 years	118,685	58,630	60,055	89,840	44,485	45,355
55 to 59 years	119,035	58,540	60,495	87,765	43,555	44,210
60 to 64 years	103,460	50,460	53,005	77,110	37,780	39,325
65 years and over	270,775	122,705	148,065	198,965	89,025	109,945
65 to 69 years	91,110	43,580	47,535	64,905	31,280	33,625
70 to 74 years	71,365	34,190	37,170	45,980	21,940	24,040
75 to 79 years	46,595	21,465	25,130	33,555	15,250	18,305
80 to 84 years	31,550	13,455	18,100	25,315	10,740	14,575
85 years and over	30,150	10,015	20,135	29,210	9,810	19,395
85 to 89 years	19,605	7,275	12,330	17,335	6,460	10,875
90 to 94 years	8,220	2,300	5,920	8,945	2,710	6,230
95 to 99 years	2,060	410	1,650	2,520	580	1,940
100 years and over	270	30	235	415	60	350
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.2	17.9	16.5	19.1	19.8	18.3
15 to 64 years	64.9	65.6	64.2	65.4	66.1	64.7
65 years and over	18.0	16.5	19.3	15.6	14.1	17.0
85 years and over	2.0	1.4	2.6	2.3	1.6	3.0
Average age of the population	41.7	40.7	42.6	39.2	38.2	40.2
Median age of the population	42.8	41.8	43.9	38.3	37.2	39.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	626,080	...	...	489,050	...	...
Single-detached house	348,535	...	...	331,420	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	11,240	...	...	39,080	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	260,740	...	...	108,120	...	...
Semi-detached house	34,665	...	...	15,865	...	...
Row house	16,170	...	...	17,225	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	29,025	...	...	7,065	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	177,340	...	...	67,205	...	...
Other single-attached house	3,540	...	...	755	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	5,565	...	...	10,435	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	626,075	...	...	489,050	...	...
1 person	182,495	...	...	135,500	...	...
2 persons	223,740	...	...	164,880	...	...
3 persons	92,945	...	...	71,065	...	...
4 persons	85,660	...	...	66,675	...	...
5 or more persons	41,235	...	...	50,930	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,474,525	...	...	1,240,700	...	...
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	1,248,250	608,895	639,345	1,034,545	506,280	528,260
Married or living common law	739,545	369,700	369,840	593,615	297,280	296,335
Married	440,600	220,365	220,230	503,390	252,210	251,175
Living common law	298,945	149,335	149,605	90,230	45,075	45,155
Not married and not living common law	508,700	239,195	269,505	440,925	209,000	231,930
Never married	337,030	182,150	154,880	300,415	162,440	137,980
Separated	16,645	7,480	9,165	24,845	11,080	13,765
Divorced	87,680	34,665	53,015	54,860	22,780	32,080
Widowed	67,345	14,900	52,445	60,805	12,700	48,100
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	432,715	...	...	346,160	...	...
2 persons	225,635	...	...	171,435	...	...
3 persons	90,105	...	...	71,630	...	...
4 persons	83,335	...	...	65,500	...	...
5 or more persons	33,640	...	...	37,600	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	432,720	...	...	346,160	...	...
Total couple families	362,940	...	...	287,200	...	...
Married couples	213,685	...	...	242,100	...	...
Common-law couples	149,255	...	...	45,100	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	69,775	...	...	58,960	...	...
Female parent	51,080	...	...	45,930	...	...
Male parent	18,690	...	...	13,025	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	362,945	...	...	287,205	...	...
Couples without children	183,285	...	...	137,135	...	...
Couples with children	179,660	...	...	150,070	...	...
1 child	69,010	...	...	55,730	...	...
2 children	78,310	...	...	59,965	...	...
3 or more children	32,335	...	...	34,375	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	69,775	...	...	58,960	...	...
1 child	42,350	...	...	34,305	...	...
2 children	21,095	...	...	15,895	...	...
3 or more children	6,325	...	...	8,765	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	241,435	116,535	124,895	212,415	104,435	107,980
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	626,075	...	...	489,050	...	...
One-census-family households	420,690	...	...	323,125	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	178,200	...	...	130,475	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	242,495	...	...	192,650	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	5,925	...	...	11,110	...	...
Non-census-family households	199,460	...	...	154,815	...	...
One-person households	182,500	...	...	135,495	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	16,965	...	...	19,315	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	1,491,970	735,650	756,325	1,261,620	624,095	637,520
English only	48,350	24,350	24,005	1,135,395	566,980	568,410
French only	717,125	331,285	385,835	1,485	680	800
English and French	717,805	376,180	341,625	108,460	49,205	59,255
Neither English nor French	8,695	3,835	4,855	16,285	7,235	9,050
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	1,491,970	735,650	756,320	1,261,620	624,100	637,520
English	151,265	75,885	75,375	1,203,025	596,475	606,550
French	1,293,645	636,090	657,555	39,200	18,880	20,325
English and French	38,665	20,000	18,665	3,545	1,755	1,790
Neither English nor French	8,395	3,670	4,720	15,840	6,985	8,860
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	170,600	85,890	84,710	40,975	19,760	21,215
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	11.4	11.7	11.2	3.2	3.2	3.3
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	1,491,970	735,650	756,320	1,261,620	624,095	637,520
Single responses	1,462,465	720,875	741,590	1,230,115	608,820	621,300
Official languages	1,338,810	659,870	678,940	941,130	468,430	472,705
English	114,710	57,470	57,240	900,610	448,960	451,645
French	1,224,105	602,400	621,700	40,520	19,465	21,055
Non-official languages	123,650	61,005	62,645	288,985	140,395	148,590
Aboriginal languages	430	185	245	29,710	14,265	15,440
Algonquian languages	55	25	30	28,070	13,505	14,565
Blackfoot	0	0	0	5	0	5
Cree-Montagnais languages	40	20	25	14,820	7,085	7,740
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	25	10	15	5	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	5
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	30	5	20
Plains Cree	0	0	0	70	25	40
Southern East Cree	5	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	745	305	440
Woods Cree	0	0	0	65	20	40
Cree, n.o.s.	10	5	5	13,915	6,725	7,195
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	0	5	10	5	5
Malecite	0	0	0	0	5	0
Mi'kmaq	5	5	5	10	5	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	5	5	13,235	6,410	6,825
Algonquin	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	6,730	3,180	3,550
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	6,505	3,235	3,265
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	5	5	0	815	375	445
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	5	0	815	380	440
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	810	375	435
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	5	5	0	5	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	60	20	40	80	20	60
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Inuktitut	45	15	35	65	20	45
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	15	5	10
Iroquoian languages	310	135	175	0	0	5
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	310	135	175	5	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	80	40	40
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	5
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	630	305	330
Dakota	0	0	0	630	305	325
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	10	0	5	15	10	5
Non-Aboriginal languages	123,220	60,820	62,400	259,280	126,130	133,155
Afro-Asiatic languages	17,560	9,385	8,175	10,700	5,580	5,120
Berber languages	2,005	1,060	945	40	25	15
Kabyle	1,190	610	575	35	15	10
Berber languages, n.i.e.	815	450	365	10	10	5
Cushitic languages	60	35	30	1,750	875	875
Bilen	0	0	0	155	85	70
Oromo	0	0	0	345	175	170
Somali	55	35	30	1,245	610	640
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	10	10	0
Semitic languages	15,455	8,270	7,185	8,840	4,640	4,200
Amharic	40	15	20	1,770	885	885
Arabic	15,265	8,165	7,095	4,695	2,500	2,190
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	5	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	115	65	50	545	320	225
Maltese	10	5	5	40	20	25
Tigrigna	20	10	10	1,770	905	865
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	40	25	15	65	35	30
Austro-Asiatic languages	4,150	1,955	2,200	4,180	1,970	2,205
Khmer (Cambodian)	830	375	455	280	135	145
Vietnamese	3,315	1,575	1,740	3,895	1,840	2,060
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	5	5	5	0	0
Austronesian languages	1,970	725	1,245	52,905	24,685	28,220
Bikol	5	0	5	175	80	95
Cebuano	80	20	60	1,245	565	675
Fijian	0	0	0	35	15	15
Hiligaynon	10	0	10	390	170	220
Ilocano	95	35	65	1,365	630	730
Malagasy	305	150	155	0	0	5
Malay	95	35	60	175	65	105
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	10	5	655	315	340
Pangasinan	5	0	0	135	65	70
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,325	460	865	48,530	22,670	25,855
Waray-Waray	5	0	0	50	30	25
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	150	70	85
Creole languages	5,275	2,450	2,825	570	275	305
Haitian Creole	250	120	135	20	10	10
Creole, n.o.s.	4,715	2,190	2,520	290	140	145
Creole languages, n.i.e.	310	145	165	265	120	145
Dravidian languages	750	365	385	1,565	825	735
Kannada	30	15	10	95	50	40
Malayalam	70	30	40	790	410	380
Tamil	600	290	305	480	255	230
Telugu	55	30	25	195	115	80
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Indo-European languages	70,795	35,125	35,675	158,350	77,605	80,750
Albanian	150	80	75	350	170	180
Armenian	600	300	300	65	35	30
Balto-Slavic languages	10,640	4,985	5,655	34,450	15,845	18,605
Baltic languages	135	55	75	165	65	95
Latvian	25	10	20	80	35	45
Lithuanian	100	50	60	85	35	45
Slavic languages	10,510	4,930	5,580	34,280	15,775	18,510
Belarusan	20	10	5	40	20	25
Bosnian	115	60	60	575	285	290
Bulgarian	1,340	670	670	140	70	65
Croatian	275	145	130	1,030	505	530
Czech	255	125	130	615	310	310
Macedonian	40	25	20	145	70	75
Polish	2,330	1,040	1,290	6,455	2,905	3,545
Russian	4,685	2,160	2,520	9,130	4,495	4,640
Serbian	250	130	120	655	335	320
Serbo-Croatian	100	50	50	240	110	130
Slovak	165	80	90	405	175	225
Slovene (Slovenian)	220	100	115	270	130	140
Ukrainian	695	325	370	14,505	6,325	8,180
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	35	15	15	75	40	30
Celtic languages	35	20	15	115	60	55
Scottish Gaelic	0	5	0	50	25	20
Welsh	15	10	10	60	30	30
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	10	10	0
Germanic languages	4,175	2,080	2,095	68,670	33,310	35,360
Afrikaans	15	5	10	420	220	205
Danish	95	55	45	280	145	135
Dutch	705	350	350	2,675	1,335	1,335
Frisian	5	0	5	55	30	25
German	2,990	1,490	1,505	63,825	30,940	32,890
Icelandic	5	0	5	475	210	260
Norwegian	35	15	15	115	45	65
Swedish	85	40	50	135	70	70
Vlaams (Flemish)	210	105	105	310	125	180
Yiddish	15	10	5	355	175	180
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	25	10	10
Greek	3,070	1,650	1,420	1,285	665	615
Indo-Iranian languages	10,120	5,190	4,930	32,325	17,135	15,195
Indo-Aryan languages	4,635	2,330	2,305	29,520	15,700	13,820
Bengali	705	360	345	1,170	675	495
Gujarati	440	215	225	3,115	1,660	1,455
Hindi	410	210	200	2,270	1,215	1,060
Kashmiri	5	0	0	5	5	5
Konkani	15	5	15	35	20	15
Marathi	35	15	20	135	80	50
Nepali	30	15	15	720	355	365
Oriya (Odia)	10	5	5	10	5	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,545	775	775	18,320	9,650	8,670
Sindhi	30	15	15	60	30	30
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	80	45	40	670	345	320
Urdu	1,325	675	650	3,015	1,655	1,355
Iranian languages	5,435	2,830	2,600	2,705	1,365	1,335
Kurdish	75	45	25	415	210	200
Pashto	140	70	65	275	130	150
Persian (Farsi)	5,225	2,715	2,510	2,020	1,030	990
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	50	30	25	100	60	40
Italic (Romance) languages	42,005	20,825	21,180	21,100	10,385	10,710
Catalan	35	20	10	0	0	5
Italian	6,275	3,465	2,810	3,840	1,910	1,930
Portuguese	4,915	2,380	2,535	6,585	3,190	3,390
Romanian	6,655	3,205	3,450	645	310	335
Spanish	24,120	11,750	12,370	10,005	4,965	5,040
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	15	5	10
Japanese	270	70	200	540	185	350
Kartvelian languages	10	5	5	15	10	10
Georgian	10	5	5	15	5	5
Korean	515	220	300	3,760	1,810	1,950
Mongolic languages	5	5	5	20	5	15
Mongolian	10	0	5	20	5	15
Niger-Congo languages	3,535	1,815	1,720	3,895	1,965	1,930
Akan (Twi)	85	40	40	150	90	65
Bamanankan	185	90	90	75	25	45
Edo	5	5	5	40	20	15
Ewe	105	60	45	30	20	10
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	240	125	110	65	35	30
Ga	15	5	10	15	10	5
Ganda	5	5	5	50	20	30
Igbo	15	10	10	280	155	130
Lingala	205	110	95	75	30	40
Rundi (Kirundi)	445	210	240	135	60	65
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	270	120	145	250	125	120
Shona	15	5	10	110	50	60
Swahili	405	205	205	870	420	455
Wolof	505	270	230	75	50	25
Yoruba	35	20	10	1,030	525	505
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	1,010	535	480	640	315	325
Nilo-Saharan languages	35	15	15	395	215	180
Dinka	0	0	0	175	90	80
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	35	15	15	225	125	100
Sign languages	225	115	115	440	230	210
American Sign Language	10	10	5	240	125	115
Quebec Sign Language	140	65	70	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	75	40	35	195	100	95
Sino-Tibetan languages	15,645	7,345	8,300	18,880	9,320	9,565
Chinese languages	15,570	7,310	8,260	18,305	9,025	9,280
Cantonese	6,510	3,090	3,420	6,625	3,140	3,485
Hakka	150	65	80	55	30	25
Mandarin	7,685	3,570	4,115	10,170	5,110	5,060
Min Dong	5	0	5	5	5	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	445	210	235	325	150	165
Wu (Shanghainese)	245	110	135	110	55	50
Chinese, n.o.s.	525	260	270	1,010	530	475
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	5	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	75	40	35	575	295	285
Burmese	5	0	5	85	50	30
Karenic languages	0	0	0	430	215	220
Tibetan	70	40	30	10	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	55	20	35
Tai-Kadai languages	735	345	395	1,120	525	595
Lao	640	315	320	875	445	430
Thai	100	25	70	240	85	165
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	5	5	0	0
Turkic languages	780	395	385	340	190	150
Azerbaijani	30	15	20	30	20	15
Turkish	685	350	335	210	120	95
Uyghur	50	20	25	10	5	10
Uzbek	5	0	0	40	25	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	40	25	20
Uralic languages	885	440	450	1,440	655	790
Estonian	20	10	15	30	10	15
Finnish	60	15	40	225	85	135
Hungarian	800	410	390	1,185	550	635
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	70	50	15	155	85	70
Multiple responses	29,510	14,775	14,735	31,505	15,280	16,220
English and French	15,985	8,040	7,940	4,365	2,140	2,230
English and non-official language	2,845	1,425	1,420	25,965	12,530	13,440
French and non-official language	8,210	4,040	4,165	695	380	315
English, French and non-official language	2,470	1,260	1,210	470	230	245
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	1,491,970	735,650	756,320	1,261,620	624,100	637,520
Single responses	1,446,355	713,345	733,010	1,197,145	593,020	604,120
Official languages	1,379,495	680,545	698,950	1,052,345	521,280	531,065
English	133,220	66,750	66,470	1,035,475	513,465	522,010
French	1,246,275	613,795	632,480	16,865	7,815	9,055
Non-official languages	66,860	32,800	34,060	144,800	71,740	73,060
Aboriginal languages	80	35	45	15,770	8,020	7,750
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	15,070	7,675	7,390
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	5	5	0	7,570	3,860	3,715
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	5	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	10	5	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	10	5	5
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	120	45	75
Woods Cree	0	0	0	15	10	5
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	7,415	3,790	3,620
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	7,495	3,820	3,675
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	2,505	1,280	1,225
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	4,990	2,545	2,455
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	635	305	330
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	635	305	330
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	630	305	330
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	10	5	10	15	5	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	10	0	10	10	5	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Iroquoian languages	55	30	30	5	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	60	30	30	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	10	5	10
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	35	25	10
Dakota	0	0	0	35	25	10
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	66,785	32,770	34,020	129,035	63,725	65,310
Afro-Asiatic languages	6,890	3,485	3,405	6,875	3,475	3,400
Berber languages	590	300	290	20	15	5
Kabyle	395	195	200	15	10	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	195	105	95	0	5	5
Cushitic languages	25	10	15	1,185	550	630
Bilen	0	0	0	120	65	55
Oromo	0	0	0	210	95	115
Somali	25	15	15	845	385	460
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	10	0
Semitic languages	6,270	3,170	3,095	5,650	2,895	2,750
Amharic	0	0	5	1,045	520	525
Arabic	6,225	3,150	3,080	3,105	1,600	1,505
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	0	5	0	5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	35	20	15	355	195	160
Maltese	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tigrigna	5	0	0	1,135	580	555
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	25	15	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,540	1,215	1,330	2,900	1,370	1,530
Khmer (Cambodian)	420	195	230	125	55	70
Vietnamese	2,125	1,025	1,100	2,775	1,315	1,460
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	575	265	310	27,215	13,065	14,155
Bikol	0	0	0	30	15	15
Cebuano	5	0	0	495	250	245
Fijian	0	0	0	15	5	10
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	125	55	75
Ilocano	30	10	20	390	190	200
Malagasy	95	50	45	0	0	0
Malay	15	5	10	55	25	30
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	5	5	245	120	130
Pangasinan	0	0	0	30	15	15
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	410	185	220	25,790	12,375	13,420
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	10	5	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	30	15	15
Creole languages	1,895	825	1,070	290	120	165
Haitian Creole	90	35	55	10	5	5
Creole, n.o.s.	1,645	715	930	165	75	85
Creole languages, n.i.e.	165	80	85	115	45	75
Dravidian languages	495	235	255	800	400	400
Kannada	20	10	10	45	25	25
Malayalam	35	20	15	405	195	205
Tamil	405	190	215	240	120	120
Telugu	35	20	15	110	60	50
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	39,020	19,270	19,745	70,820	35,325	35,495
Albanian	95	40	50	155	80	75
Armenian	255	120	130	20	10	5
Balto-Slavic languages	6,580	3,220	3,360	11,685	5,670	6,015
Baltic languages	25	10	10	25	10	15
Latvian	5	5	5	15	5	5
Lithuanian	20	10	10	10	5	5
Slavic languages	6,560	3,210	3,345	11,660	5,660	6,000
Belarusan	5	0	5	0	5	0
Bosnian	75	40	35	285	145	140
Bulgarian	1,035	510	530	65	30	30
Croatian	90	45	45	320	145	180
Czech	90	50	45	115	55	60
Macedonian	30	15	10	85	35	45
Polish	1,035	495	535	2,010	910	1,105
Russian	3,610	1,775	1,835	5,530	2,780	2,745
Serbian	130	65	65	335	170	170
Serbo-Croatian	25	10	15	90	40	50
Slovak	45	25	20	70	35	35
Slovene (Slovenian)	75	30	45	55	20	30
Ukrainian	305	145	160	2,690	1,285	1,405
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	10	5	5
Celtic languages	10	5	5	20	15	10
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	5	5	0
Welsh	10	5	0	10	5	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	700	325	370	25,825	12,700	13,125
Afrikaans	0	0	0	200	100	100
Danish	15	5	10	10	5	5
Dutch	80	25	50	270	135	130
Frisian	0	0	0	10	5	5
German	575	280	295	24,795	12,185	12,615
Icelandic	0	0	0	35	15	20
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Swedish	5	5	5	10	5	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	10	10	15	5	10
Yiddish	0	0	0	10	5	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	465	240	225
Greek	1,235	610	625	535	255	280
Indo-Iranian languages	6,730	3,355	3,375	22,810	11,920	10,890
Indo-Aryan languages	2,810	1,360	1,450	21,010	11,055	9,950
Bengali	450	220	225	690	390	305
Gujarati	235	110	125	2,100	1,095	1,005
Hindi	235	115	120	1,335	715	620
Kashmiri	5	5	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	10	5	5
Marathi	15	5	5	40	25	20
Nepali	25	10	15	540	265	280
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,050	510	540	14,000	7,330	6,670
Sindhi	30	15	15	30	10	15
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	45	30	25	360	190	170
Urdu	715	345	375	1,895	1,035	860
Iranian languages	3,910	1,990	1,920	1,755	835	920
Kurdish	20	15	5	275	135	140
Pashto	85	35	55	165	70	95
Persian (Farsi)	3,800	1,940	1,865	1,315	635	685
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	50	25	20
Italic (Romance) languages	23,425	11,585	11,835	9,765	4,670	5,090
Catalan	10	5	5	0	0	0
Italian	995	450	545	1,035	450	590
Portuguese	2,165	1,050	1,120	2,800	1,305	1,500
Romanian	4,600	2,270	2,330	235	110	125
Spanish	15,645	7,815	7,835	5,695	2,810	2,885
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	100	35	60	175	75	105
Kartvelian languages	5	5	5	10	5	0
Georgian	10	5	0	10	5	5
Korean	335	155	180	2,915	1,430	1,490
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Mongolian	0	0	0	5	5	5
Niger-Congo languages	875	425	450	1,410	695	720
Akan (Twi)	30	10	15	45	30	20
Bamanankan	35	20	15	15	5	5
Edo	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ewe	20	10	10	5	5	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	55	25	30	35	15	15
Ga	5	0	5	5	0	0
Ganda	5	0	0	5	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	75	40	35
Lingala	55	30	25	40	20	20
Rundi (Kirundi)	155	75	80	65	35	35
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	45	20	30	105	55	50
Shona	0	0	0	10	5	10
Swahili	175	85	95	500	240	265
Wolof	160	85	70	25	20	10
Yoruba	5	0	0	345	175	170
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	130	60	65	125	50	75
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	5	130	60	70
Dinka	0	0	0	80	35	45
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	55	30	25
Sign languages	295	160	130	560	310	255
American Sign Language	15	5	10	255	135	120
Quebec Sign Language	110	55	50	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	165	95	70	305	170	135
Sino-Tibetan languages	12,725	6,185	6,550	13,910	6,920	6,985
Chinese languages	12,670	6,145	6,525	13,445	6,685	6,765
Cantonese	5,055	2,440	2,620	4,455	2,105	2,350
Hakka	50	20	30	25	10	15
Mandarin	6,775	3,315	3,465	8,080	4,105	3,975
Min Dong	0	0	0	5	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	235	105	130	135	65	70
Wu (Shanghainese)	160	75	90	65	30	35
Chinese, n.o.s.	385	195	190	675	365	315
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	5	5	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	60	35	25	465	235	225
Burmese	0	0	0	55	30	25
Karenic languages	0	0	0	370	190	180
Tibetan	55	30	25	5	0	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	40	15	20
Tai-Kadai languages	300	150	155	535	250	280
Lao	280	140	145	430	210	220
Thai	15	10	10	105	40	65
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	510	250	260	135	70	65
Azerbaijani	10	5	10	10	5	10
Turkish	455	225	230	65	35	35
Uyghur	35	15	20	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	35	20	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	25	10	15
Uralic languages	225	110	110	305	140	165
Estonian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	5	5	5	35	15	15
Hungarian	210	105	105	270	125	145
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	40	25	20
Multiple responses	45,615	22,305	23,315	64,475	31,080	33,400
English and French	17,560	8,715	8,845	3,090	1,440	1,645
English and non-official language	5,510	2,675	2,835	60,090	28,995	31,090
French and non-official language	17,085	8,180	8,905	415	215	205
English, French and non-official language	5,460	2,730	2,730	885	420	455
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	1,491,970	735,650	756,320	1,261,615	624,095	637,520
None	1,285,150	631,905	653,245	1,079,050	535,990	543,065
English	101,945	52,115	49,830	76,350	37,795	38,550
French	55,865	27,715	28,150	20,200	9,130	11,075
Non-official language	36,445	17,680	18,765	83,315	39,860	43,455
Aboriginal	350	160	190	16,105	7,590	8,515
Non-Aboriginal	36,090	17,515	18,575	67,215	32,275	34,940
English and French	5,345	2,725	2,625	305	150	150
English and non-official language	4,345	2,130	2,215	1,610	815	790
French and non-official language	2,705	1,290	1,415	770	345	420
English, French and non-official language	180	95	85	20	5	10
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	1,216,115	597,030	619,085	1,001,305	491,590	509,715
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	1,175,710	578,295	597,415	954,035	467,790	486,250
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,561	41,173	30,272	34,188	40,379	29,220
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	1,176,000	578,325	597,670	954,205	467,820	486,390
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,392	35,484	27,371	30,465	35,150	26,561
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	1,061,180	534,280	526,905	859,545	431,145	428,400
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,345	38,759	26,342	32,592	39,229	26,692
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	880,410	398,605	481,805	701,840	309,530	392,310
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,400	6,072	8,212	4,268	1,890	5,434
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	870,700	451,140	419,560	722,785	374,850	347,935
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,773	38,990	28,988	33,677	39,365	28,679
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	1,216,110	597,040	619,075	1,001,305	491,580	509,725
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,175,195	577,750	597,445	953,960	467,575	486,385
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	44,724	52,318	37,380	43,767	51,068	36,747
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,175,490	577,770	597,720	954,175	467,605	486,565
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,388	41,515	31,432	35,957	41,013	31,097
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,060,705	533,315	527,385	859,575	431,035	428,540
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,376	50,760	33,898	42,776	50,803	34,704
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	880,815	398,750	482,065	701,830	308,940	392,890
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,641	7,914	9,242	7,099	6,411	7,640
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	870,705	450,445	420,260	722,785	374,535	348,250
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,491	49,118	35,388	42,551	49,417	35,168
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	1,216,115	597,035	619,075	1,001,310	491,580	509,725
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	402,780	220,590	182,190	350,580	201,335	149,245
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	48,921	54,496	43,119	50,026	54,580	44,818
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	58,494	65,839	49,600	59,523	65,410	51,581
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	85.6	89.5	80.2	88.0	91.7	83.1
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	70.3	73.1	66.5	73.6	77.4	68.6
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	14.4	10.5	19.8	12.0	8.3	16.9
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	1,216,110	597,030	619,085	1,001,310	491,585	509,720
Without total income	40,405	18,735	21,665	47,270	23,800	23,470
With total income	1,175,710	578,295	597,415	954,040	467,790	486,245
Percentage with total income	96.7	96.9	96.5	95.3	95.2	95.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	132,580	56,660	75,925	137,700	62,550	75,150
$10,000 to $19,999	198,855	76,835	122,025	150,320	58,320	91,995
$20,000 to $29,999	171,190	72,770	98,415	136,510	54,950	81,560
$30,000 to $39,999	155,030	73,780	81,250	123,685	55,805	67,885
$40,000 to $49,999	141,170	70,550	70,625	109,710	54,650	55,060
$50,000 to $59,999	105,230	56,930	48,300	80,625	45,170	35,460
$60,000 to $69,999	75,475	43,300	32,175	58,785	35,250	23,535
$70,000 to $79,999	58,980	34,390	24,590	43,365	26,465	16,895
$80,000 to $89,999	39,375	24,190	15,185	34,000	20,100	13,905
$90,000 to $99,999	25,995	17,280	8,720	21,980	13,545	8,440
$100,000 and over	71,830	51,615	20,215	57,355	40,985	16,370
$100,000 to $149,999	49,495	34,910	14,590	40,870	28,585	12,285
$150,000 and over	22,330	16,710	5,625	16,490	12,395	4,090
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	1,216,110	597,030	619,085	1,001,305	491,585	509,720
Without after-tax income	40,115	18,705	21,410	47,100	23,770	23,330
With after-tax income	1,175,995	578,330	597,675	954,205	467,820	486,390
Percentage with after-tax income	96.7	96.9	96.5	95.3	95.2	95.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	139,360	57,985	81,375	142,035	63,525	78,510
$10,000 to $19,999	209,740	82,045	127,705	161,865	63,410	98,460
$20,000 to $29,999	210,315	92,640	117,675	165,880	68,985	96,895
$30,000 to $39,999	203,905	101,770	102,140	153,680	73,335	80,350
$40,000 to $49,999	153,410	82,060	71,345	116,415	63,755	52,660
$50,000 to $59,999	100,930	58,120	42,805	78,105	46,940	31,160
$60,000 to $69,999	64,120	38,370	25,750	53,870	32,165	21,705
$70,000 to $79,999	35,020	22,955	12,060	31,690	19,680	12,010
$80,000 and over	59,210	42,395	16,815	50,655	36,025	14,630
$80,000 to $89,999	19,795	13,645	6,155	18,025	12,260	5,760
$90,000 to $99,999	11,440	8,165	3,275	10,325	7,305	3,015
$100,000 and over	27,970	20,585	7,385	22,305	16,460	5,850
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	1,216,110	597,030	619,085	1,001,305	491,590	509,720
Without employment income	345,410	145,890	199,520	278,525	116,740	161,775
With employment income	870,705	451,140	419,560	722,785	374,845	347,940
Percentage with employment income	71.6	75.6	67.8	72.2	76.3	68.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	108,805	56,125	52,680	90,045	42,675	47,375
$5,000 to $9,999	64,140	27,775	36,370	54,560	23,875	30,690
$10,000 to $19,999	119,965	51,790	68,180	94,460	41,920	52,535
$20,000 to $29,999	103,860	45,640	58,225	89,540	39,650	49,895
$30,000 to $39,999	105,195	49,375	55,815	88,340	41,905	46,440
$40,000 to $49,999	91,910	46,825	45,085	77,755	40,205	37,550
$50,000 to $59,999	71,380	40,195	31,185	58,900	34,355	24,550
$60,000 to $69,999	54,140	31,865	22,275	44,085	27,115	16,970
$70,000 to $79,999	46,745	27,495	19,250	34,450	21,375	13,075
$80,000 and over	104,555	74,055	30,505	90,650	61,780	28,865
$80,000 to $89,999	29,485	19,570	9,920	28,365	16,860	11,505
$90,000 to $99,999	20,195	13,985	6,210	17,635	11,355	6,275
$100,000 and over	54,875	40,500	14,375	44,650	33,560	11,095
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	626,080	...	...	489,050	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	67,165	...	...	68,147	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	57,679	...	...	59,093	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	182,500	...	...	135,495	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	34,138	...	...	35,846	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	30,253	...	...	31,538	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	443,575	...	...	353,550	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	84,760	...	...	84,532	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	71,857	...	...	72,688	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	626,075	...	...	489,050	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	83,950	...	...	85,373	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	68,320	...	...	70,154	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	182,490	...	...	135,440	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	41,980	...	...	44,208	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	34,644	...	...	36,503	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	443,590	...	...	353,605	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	101,216	...	...	101,140	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	82,174	...	...	83,044	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	626,080	...	...	489,050	...	...
Under $5,000	4,980	...	...	9,250	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	7,130	...	...	8,175	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	16,275	...	...	11,450	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	25,145	...	...	18,260	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	27,990	...	...	21,395	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	23,095	...	...	19,035	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	28,800	...	...	21,090	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	30,390	...	...	21,745	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	30,030	...	...	21,605	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	29,155	...	...	21,225	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	54,405	...	...	40,240	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	49,125	...	...	37,910	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	45,080	...	...	34,275	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	40,015	...	...	31,555	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	34,790	...	...	27,215	...	...
$100,000 and over	179,680	...	...	144,620	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	66,765	...	...	52,495	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	42,905	...	...	34,595	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	41,295	...	...	34,670	...	...
$200,000 and over	28,715	...	...	22,865	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	626,080	...	...	489,050	...	...
Under $5,000	5,590	...	...	9,725	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	7,340	...	...	8,315	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	16,470	...	...	11,860	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	26,600	...	...	19,325	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	31,650	...	...	24,370	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	28,500	...	...	22,665	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	37,025	...	...	25,915	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	37,600	...	...	26,725	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	36,285	...	...	25,965	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	35,360	...	...	25,290	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	65,350	...	...	48,610	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	57,895	...	...	44,280	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	49,645	...	...	38,890	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	41,705	...	...	32,370	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	34,225	...	...	26,890	...	...
$100,000 and over	114,825	...	...	97,850	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	56,210	...	...	46,355	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	28,050	...	...	24,795	...	...
$150,000 and over	30,565	...	...	26,705	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	431,740	...	...	341,205	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	85,007	...	...	84,441	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	71,994	...	...	72,563	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	174,745	...	...	127,580	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	73,452	...	...	79,103	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	62,505	...	...	67,596	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	180,580	...	...	150,585	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	111,848	...	...	104,902	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	93,178	...	...	89,307	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.9	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	67,080	...	...	52,215	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	55,727	...	...	49,922	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	49,822	...	...	46,048	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	431,760	...	...	341,235	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	101,635	...	...	101,410	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	82,396	...	...	83,132	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	174,875	...	...	127,710	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	88,238	...	...	95,583	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	71,583	...	...	77,743	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	180,530	...	...	150,695	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	128,827	...	...	122,176	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	103,249	...	...	99,399	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	67,070	...	...	52,130	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	65,244	...	...	60,006	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	55,477	...	...	52,307	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	217,045	105,995	111,050	175,270	86,935	88,335
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	32,236	35,655	29,206	32,927	35,568	30,818
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	28,888	31,121	26,860	29,429	31,130	28,062
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	216,680	105,120	111,560	174,945	86,380	88,565
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	40,050	43,195	37,087	40,853	43,332	38,434
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	33,223	35,082	31,472	33,961	35,291	32,663
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	1,474,530	729,325	745,205	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
In the bottom half of the distribution	773,445	372,320	401,125	687,930	332,640	355,290
In the bottom decile	100,920	48,640	52,280	151,750	74,825	76,930
In the second decile	139,560	62,385	77,170	135,485	62,035	73,450
In the third decile	171,100	82,320	88,775	135,395	64,805	70,590
In the fourth decile	181,950	89,435	92,515	132,755	65,185	67,575
In the fifth decile	179,920	89,535	90,385	132,540	65,790	66,750
In the top half of the distribution	701,085	357,005	344,080	552,770	281,805	270,965
In the sixth decile	176,750	89,220	87,530	127,575	64,305	63,265
In the seventh decile	165,875	84,280	81,595	123,505	62,770	60,735
In the eighth decile	148,555	75,895	72,660	116,805	59,460	57,350
In the ninth decile	118,935	60,970	57,965	104,820	53,835	50,980
In the top decile	90,965	46,640	44,325	80,070	41,435	38,640
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	1,473,340	728,760	744,580	1,175,720	581,585	594,135
0 to 17 years	306,870	157,010	149,855	260,905	134,075	126,830
0 to 5 years	101,145	51,855	49,285	85,935	44,240	41,695
18 to 64 years	922,235	457,300	464,935	737,035	365,965	371,070
65 years and over	244,245	114,455	129,790	177,780	81,540	96,235
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	164,360	74,725	89,640	180,880	85,185	95,690
0 to 17 years	34,335	17,590	16,745	57,185	29,390	27,790
0 to 5 years	10,880	5,530	5,355	21,325	10,970	10,355
18 to 64 years	92,710	43,780	48,930	98,920	46,630	52,285
65 years and over	37,315	13,350	23,965	24,785	9,165	15,615
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.2	10.3	12.0	15.4	14.6	16.1
0 to 17 years (%)	11.2	11.2	11.2	21.9	21.9	21.9
0 to 5 years (%)	10.8	10.7	10.9	24.8	24.8	24.8
18 to 64 years (%)	10.1	9.6	10.5	13.4	12.7	14.1
65 years and over (%)	15.3	11.7	18.5	13.9	11.2	16.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	91,940	44,025	47,920	115,965	56,255	59,705
0 to 17 years	18,080	9,240	8,830	33,260	17,040	16,220
0 to 5 years	5,825	2,955	2,870	12,310	6,325	5,985
18 to 64 years	62,495	30,995	31,500	73,655	35,895	37,760
65 years and over	11,375	3,785	7,585	9,045	3,325	5,725
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.2	6.0	6.4	9.9	9.7	10.0
0 to 17 years (%)	5.9	5.9	5.9	12.7	12.7	12.8
0 to 5 years (%)	5.8	5.7	5.8	14.3	14.3	14.4
18 to 64 years (%)	6.8	6.8	6.8	10.0	9.8	10.2
65 years and over (%)	4.7	3.3	5.8	5.1	4.1	5.9
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	1,474,530	729,320	745,205	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Official languages	1,465,990	725,650	740,340	1,224,985	607,375	617,605
English	761,225	398,540	362,685	1,223,665	606,760	616,905
French	1,418,005	701,455	716,555	108,560	49,435	59,130
Non-official languages	199,100	96,305	102,795	340,250	165,150	175,100
Aboriginal languages	750	375	375	40,465	19,410	21,050
Algonquian languages	100	65	40	38,305	18,375	19,930
Blackfoot	0	0	0	10	0	10
Cree-Montagnais languages	75	45	35	20,975	10,025	10,955
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	50	40	15	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	10
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	10	0	10	85	25	55
Plains Cree	0	0	0	190	90	100
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	1,140	505	640
Woods Cree	0	0	0	130	65	65
Cree, n.o.s.	15	0	10	19,435	9,340	10,095
Eastern Algonquian languages	15	15	0	10	10	0
Malecite	0	0	0	10	10	0
Mi'kmaq	10	10	0	10	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	0	17,710	8,520	9,185
Algonquin	0	10	0	10	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	9,685	4,560	5,125
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	8,045	3,975	4,070
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	1,120	525	595
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	10	0	1,110	520	590
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	1,110	520	595
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	10	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	65	35	30	110	55	55
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Inuktitut	50	25	25	80	35	45
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	20	15	10
Iroquoian languages	570	265	300	15	10	10
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	565	265	295	15	10	10
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	10
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	210	115	95
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	10	0	10
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	10	0	10	760	365	395
Dakota	10	0	0	760	360	400
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35	15	20
Non-Aboriginal languages	198,375	95,960	102,420	299,900	145,795	154,110
Afro-Asiatic languages	26,465	14,085	12,380	15,730	8,320	7,410
Berber languages	2,705	1,425	1,280	85	50	40
Kabyle	1,650	855	800	45	25	20
Berber languages, n.i.e.	1,065	575	485	50	35	10
Cushitic languages	55	25	30	2,300	1,195	1,105
Bilen	0	0	0	210	120	85
Oromo	0	0	0	535	275	260
Somali	55	25	25	1,550	790	760
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	15	10
Semitic languages	24,995	13,335	11,660	13,685	7,300	6,390
Amharic	70	30	40	2,475	1,370	1,105
Arabic	24,265	12,955	11,310	6,650	3,590	3,055
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	15	0	10
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	10	0
Hebrew	630	350	275	3,370	1,735	1,635
Maltese	20	0	10	65	30	35
Tigrigna	60	25	30	2,225	1,175	1,050
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	15	10	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	95	55	45	155	80	80
Austro-Asiatic languages	5,135	2,465	2,675	5,230	2,545	2,685
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,080	480	605	335	185	150
Vietnamese	4,070	1,995	2,075	4,905	2,370	2,535
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	2,800	1,065	1,735	65,305	30,220	35,090
Bikol	0	0	0	225	100	125
Cebuano	150	35	115	1,615	805	810
Fijian	0	0	0	65	35	30
Hiligaynon	35	10	30	425	180	245
Ilocano	120	35	80	1,875	880	990
Malagasy	520	240	280	0	0	0
Malay	120	55	70	375	180	195
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	0	0	945	415	530
Pangasinan	10	0	10	205	100	110
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,050	735	1,320	64,165	29,640	34,520
Waray-Waray	10	0	0	115	55	55
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	75	40	30	200	80	120
Creole languages	12,125	5,695	6,435	1,310	605	705
Haitian Creole	530	220	310	25	10	15
Creole, n.o.s.	10,905	5,130	5,775	635	310	315
Creole languages, n.i.e.	800	400	400	680	305	375
Dravidian languages	1,105	530	575	1,840	945	895
Kannada	50	30	20	175	95	80
Malayalam	85	45	40	830	400	430
Tamil	955	445	505	655	330	325
Telugu	55	35	25	255	150	110
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10
Hmong-Mien languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	125,565	60,525	65,035	175,950	86,435	89,510
Albanian	255	125	130	390	195	195
Armenian	840	410	430	65	50	15
Balto-Slavic languages	13,640	6,610	7,030	39,530	18,780	20,745
Baltic languages	180	70	120	230	90	140
Latvian	25	0	25	115	45	70
Lithuanian	155	65	95	120	50	65
Slavic languages	13,485	6,565	6,925	39,360	18,720	20,640
Belarusan	80	30	45	65	25	45
Bosnian	130	60	75	835	405	430
Bulgarian	1,490	770	720	155	95	60
Croatian	455	245	210	1,595	765	825
Czech	275	135	140	735	335	395
Macedonian	75	30	40	140	75	60
Polish	3,130	1,475	1,660	7,655	3,625	4,035
Russian	7,210	3,530	3,675	13,455	6,715	6,740
Serbian	265	150	115	870	470	400
Serbo-Croatian	190	85	105	190	75	115
Slovak	225	105	120	480	215	260
Slovene (Slovenian)	275	135	140	275	100	175
Ukrainian	1,385	610	775	17,095	7,795	9,305
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	30	20	10	70	35	30
Celtic languages	90	60	35	225	125	100
Scottish Gaelic	25	15	15	90	65	25
Welsh	20	10	10	90	45	45
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	45	30	15	45	15	25
Germanic languages	8,815	4,585	4,230	68,285	33,250	35,035
Afrikaans	80	35	40	715	330	385
Danish	140	80	60	270	120	150
Dutch	1,010	525	480	3,120	1,555	1,565
Frisian	0	0	10	90	65	30
German	7,285	3,845	3,435	61,760	30,170	31,600
Icelandic	20	10	15	560	225	335
Norwegian	40	25	15	290	115	175
Swedish	225	120	105	270	125	150
Vlaams (Flemish)	285	110	170	270	120	155
Yiddish	50	35	15	545	235	315
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	2,490	1,285	1,205
Greek	4,450	2,330	2,125	2,010	1,015	1,000
Indo-Iranian languages	12,885	6,540	6,340	38,760	20,480	18,280
Indo-Aryan languages	7,040	3,470	3,570	35,830	18,990	16,835
Bengali	1,015	510	500	1,520	885	635
Gujarati	775	365	415	3,905	2,065	1,840
Hindi	2,000	975	1,020	12,900	6,900	6,000
Kashmiri	10	0	10	20	15	10
Konkani	30	20	15	40	30	10
Marathi	80	40	40	275	170	105
Nepali	50	20	30	600	285	315
Oriya (Odia)	20	10	0	15	10	10
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,230	1,125	1,105	22,900	12,035	10,865
Sindhi	95	60	40	150	85	65
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	170	80	90	920	500	420
Urdu	2,440	1,240	1,200	4,600	2,540	2,060
Iranian languages	6,240	3,250	2,995	3,035	1,525	1,515
Kurdish	100	60	45	600	295	305
Pashto	345	200	150	290	135	150
Persian (Farsi)	5,975	3,110	2,870	2,295	1,175	1,120
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	110	60	50	230	125	105
Italic (Romance) languages	89,205	42,175	47,025	34,360	16,630	17,735
Catalan	100	70	30	15	10	10
Italian	14,215	7,270	6,945	5,350	2,610	2,735
Portuguese	7,245	3,645	3,600	8,460	4,125	4,335
Romanian	7,585	3,715	3,865	785	395	390
Spanish	64,420	29,685	34,730	20,605	9,910	10,695
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	60	45	15
Japanese	915	480	430	1,160	550	605
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	10	0	15
Georgian	0	0	0	15	0	15
Korean	730	295	440	4,240	2,100	2,145
Mongolic languages	25	10	10	55	20	35
Mongolian	25	0	10	55	20	30
Niger-Congo languages	6,430	3,085	3,350	7,970	4,125	3,845
Akan (Twi)	120	65	50	260	165	95
Bamanankan	275	130	145	160	95	65
Edo	10	15	0	95	60	30
Ewe	225	110	115	50	30	20
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	335	160	170	50	25	25
Ga	30	10	20	30	10	15
Ganda	10	10	10	230	110	120
Igbo	20	10	10	665	345	325
Lingala	1,030	465	570	655	315	345
Rundi (Kirundi)	385	190	195	205	105	105
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	375	165	215	305	155	155
Shona	25	0	20	250	110	140
Swahili	1,130	510	620	1,930	1,020	905
Wolof	1,020	550	470	150	85	70
Yoruba	75	30	45	2,630	1,330	1,295
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	2,335	1,150	1,190	1,440	765	680
Nilo-Saharan languages	60	25	35	410	225	185
Dinka	0	0	0	180	105	75
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	60	25	35	225	120	105
Sign languages	1,520	595	930	2,670	985	1,685
American Sign Language	155	65	90	1,710	625	1,090
Quebec Sign Language	900	295	610	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	530	255	270	975	365	610
Sino-Tibetan languages	17,915	8,390	9,525	21,130	10,490	10,650
Chinese languages	17,845	8,360	9,485	20,475	10,185	10,285
Cantonese	7,995	3,725	4,270	8,310	3,920	4,390
Hakka	145	50	90	50	30	20
Mandarin	10,975	5,005	5,965	12,825	6,460	6,365
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	650	285	365	480	230	250
Wu (Shanghainese)	230	80	145	185	95	85
Chinese, n.o.s.	760	390	365	1,115	600	510
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	70	35	40	675	310	370
Burmese	10	0	0	185	115	70
Karenic languages	0	0	0	465	200	265
Tibetan	25	20	10	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	40	15	30	145	60	80
Tai-Kadai languages	1,250	600	655	1,565	730	835
Lao	1,025	520	505	1,120	520	600
Thai	390	150	235	575	270	305
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Turkic languages	1,140	600	540	510	250	265
Azerbaijani	35	20	15	50	25	30
Turkish	1,035	545	485	365	180	185
Uyghur	55	25	30	30	15	10
Uzbek	0	0	0	40	20	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	45	15	30
Uralic languages	1,085	525	560	1,550	730	815
Estonian	10	0	10	45	20	25
Finnish	100	45	55	265	105	160
Hungarian	975	480	495	1,235	600	635
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	285	180	100	445	290	150
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	1,474,525	729,325	745,205	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	1,435,165	710,360	724,810	1,133,080	560,165	572,920
Canadian citizens aged under 18	300,295	154,070	146,225	266,225	136,640	129,585
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	1,134,865	556,285	578,585	866,855	423,520	443,335
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	39,365	18,970	20,395	107,620	54,280	53,340
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	1,474,530	729,325	745,205	1,240,700	614,445	626,255
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	1,322,090	654,425	667,660	996,860	494,285	502,570
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	147,110	72,100	75,010	227,465	111,095	116,365
Before 1981	34,905	17,945	16,960	50,025	23,340	26,680
1981 to 1990	16,725	8,455	8,270	20,205	10,190	10,010
1991 to 2000	25,155	11,970	13,180	23,040	11,165	11,875
2001 to 2010	46,555	22,425	24,130	70,985	35,305	35,680
2001 to 2005	21,540	10,420	11,120	22,570	11,195	11,370
2006 to 2010	25,015	12,005	13,015	48,415	24,110	24,305
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	23,775	11,315	12,465	63,210	31,095	32,120
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	5,330	2,795	2,535	16,375	9,055	7,320
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	147,110	72,100	75,010	227,470	111,100	116,370
Under 5 years	16,850	8,095	8,755	25,595	12,975	12,625
5 to 14 years	25,150	12,935	12,220	45,570	23,305	22,265
15 to 24 years	27,935	12,855	15,080	44,585	20,820	23,770
25 to 44 years	67,975	33,870	34,105	93,700	45,160	48,540
45 years and over	9,200	4,355	4,850	18,010	8,845	9,170
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	147,110	72,105	75,005	227,465	111,095	116,365
Americas	34,760	15,800	18,955	31,980	15,285	16,700
Brazil	1,025	500	530	435	170	265
Colombia	5,695	2,520	3,175	1,050	510	545
El Salvador	970	510	460	2,480	1,325	1,155
Guyana	505	250	255	1,135	515	620
Haiti	6,845	3,010	3,835	155	75	80
Jamaica	675	300	375	1,810	835	970
Mexico	2,375	980	1,400	6,655	3,330	3,320
Peru	2,625	1,200	1,430	235	85	150
Trinidad and Tobago	815	415	410	1,505	785	720
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	4,270	1,840	2,435	7,100	3,100	4,000
Other places of birth in Americas	8,945	4,285	4,665	9,425	4,550	4,875
Europe	45,320	23,560	21,760	56,705	27,815	28,890
Bosnia and Herzegovina	180	90	90	1,055	530	525
Croatia	265	145	125	975	445	535
France	13,145	7,330	5,820	795	425	365
Germany	1,980	965	1,015	10,390	5,215	5,175
Greece	1,475	795	685	820	445	375
Hungary	425	230	190	815	435	375
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	155	90	65	650	310	340
Italy	2,810	1,665	1,150	2,755	1,405	1,350
Netherlands	450	230	220	2,250	1,185	1,060
Poland	1,780	800	980	5,280	2,455	2,820
Portugal	2,420	1,300	1,130	4,380	2,170	2,210
Romania	5,255	2,525	2,725	720	345	375
Russian Federation	1,760	785	975	4,245	2,035	2,210
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	170	70	95	355	175	175
Ukraine	1,465	685	770	4,765	2,250	2,515
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	3,110	1,545	1,565	11,665	5,655	6,015
Other places of birth in Europe	8,475	4,320	4,160	4,790	2,325	2,470
Africa	30,765	16,025	14,740	17,975	9,495	8,485
Algeria	5,700	3,010	2,690	115	60	55
Egypt	2,695	1,500	1,200	980	525	455
Ethiopia	60	25	40	2,525	1,360	1,165
Kenya	165	70	95	935	470	465
Morocco	6,930	3,730	3,200	250	140	110
Nigeria	145	55	90	3,820	2,070	1,750
Somalia	35	15	20	755	350	415
South Africa, Republic of	125	65	60	975	465	505
Other places of birth in Africa	14,905	7,550	7,355	7,630	4,055	3,570
Asia	36,085	16,635	19,455	120,230	58,215	62,015
Afghanistan	2,685	1,370	1,310	615	285	330
Bangladesh	565	285	280	880	475	400
China^{Census data footnote 59}	9,995	4,015	5,980	9,250	4,460	4,790
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	1,600	805	790	1,460	715	735
India	2,265	1,150	1,115	21,990	11,395	10,595
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	1,450	780	670	1,180	655	530
Iraq	395	220	175	860	460	400
Japan	240	50	190	225	70	150
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	580	280	305	2,880	1,415	1,470
Lebanon	2,225	1,195	1,030	265	165	100
Pakistan	1,440	715	725	3,125	1,675	1,450
Philippines	1,995	710	1,280	61,950	28,800	33,150
Sri Lanka	685	320	365	1,015	515	505
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	635	295	335	805	390	410
Taiwan	710	290	420	215	110	110
Viet Nam	3,255	1,515	1,745	4,225	2,035	2,185
Other places of birth in Asia	5,375	2,635	2,740	9,285	4,590	4,695
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	180	80	100	575	290	280
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	23,780	11,315	12,465	63,210	31,095	32,115
Americas	6,030	2,825	3,205	4,130	1,840	2,290
Brazil	330	160	175	100	35	65
Colombia	1,655	735	920	185	70	120
Cuba	410	220	185	75	25	55
Haiti	1,055	485	570	15	10	0
Jamaica	15	0	0	340	175	165
Mexico	555	240	315	875	415	465
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	480	250	225	970	445	525
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	440	220	225	75	30	40
Other places of birth in Americas	1,085	520	570	1,490	640	850
Europe	4,510	2,210	2,300	5,155	2,650	2,505
France	1,920	1,035	880	135	70	75
Germany	85	30	50	580	310	265
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	20	10	10	135	80	60
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	330	140	190	160	85	70
Romania	485	200	285	70	30	35
Russian Federation	280	100	180	1,145	530	610
Ukraine	425	210	215	1,320	670	650
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	160	95	70	550	290	265
Other places of birth in Europe	805	385	425	1,060	590	470
Africa	8,270	4,030	4,240	7,860	4,120	3,735
Algeria	1,065	520	545	20	10	10
Cameroon	1,090	525	570	65	45	20
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	385	175	210	740	360	380
Côte d'Ivoire	770	360	410	95	35	60
Egypt	420	190	235	415	220	190
Eritrea	0	0	0	795	430	360
Ethiopia	0	0	10	810	425	380
Morocco	1,170	595	575	70	30	35
Nigeria	60	20	40	2,630	1,415	1,215
Somalia	0	0	0	385	160	215
South Africa, Republic of	20	15	10	225	110	120
Tunisia	535	280	255	65	45	20
Other places of birth in Africa	2,740	1,350	1,390	1,555	820	735
Asia	4,935	2,245	2,690	45,915	22,395	23,520
Afghanistan	465	210	260	60	35	25
Bangladesh	40	25	15	360	195	170
China^{Census data footnote 59}	1,675	725	940	3,390	1,635	1,760
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	20	15	0	185	105	80
India	270	125	145	10,915	5,675	5,240
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	310	140	165	425	230	195
Iraq	25	0	20	330	175	155
Israel	75	50	20	595	340	260
Japan	40	10	35	45	25	25
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	45	35	10	1,300	665	640
Lebanon	165	90	80	140	100	35
Nepal	20	0	20	210	70	140
Pakistan	245	100	145	1,535	800	735
Philippines	305	130	175	22,885	10,645	12,245
Saudi Arabia	40	15	25	325	145	180
Sri Lanka	35	15	20	250	140	115
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	345	200	145	635	325	310
Taiwan	10	0	15	20	0	10
Turkey	65	25	35	40	30	10
United Arab Emirates	50	30	15	110	55	55
Viet Nam	240	95	145	495	220	275
Other places of birth in Asia	450	195	250	1,650	785	870
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	35	10	25	150	80	70
Australia	25	10	15	80	25	60
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	10	0	10	65	55	15
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	1,474,525	729,320	745,205	1,240,695	614,440	626,260
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	157,025	77,245	79,785	249,625	123,035	126,585
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	123,800	63,105	60,690	197,530	97,135	100,395
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	1,193,705	588,975	604,725	793,545	394,265	399,280
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	114,555	55,280	59,275	180,810	89,380	91,425
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	64,145	33,420	30,730	119,845	60,680	59,165
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	28,525	18,165	10,360	44,415	27,435	16,980
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	35,625	15,255	20,370	75,430	33,250	42,185
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	31,355	12,345	19,005	39,875	17,355	22,525
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	17,880	8,915	8,975	20,550	11,155	9,395
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	1,175	605	570	540	195	345
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	1,474,525	729,320	745,205	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	17,390	8,650	8,745	223,310	108,495	114,815
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	16,315	8,170	8,145	220,470	107,145	113,330
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	9,210	4,595	4,615	130,510	62,955	67,550
Métis	6,860	3,465	3,395	89,355	43,895	45,465
Inuk (Inuit)	245	115	130	610	295	310
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	380	155	225	2,020	985	1,030
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	695	325	375	820	365	450
Non-Aboriginal identity	1,457,140	720,670	736,465	1,017,385	505,945	511,445
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	1,474,530	729,320	745,205	1,240,700	614,440	626,255
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	5,390	2,775	2,615	127,250	61,300	65,950
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,469,135	726,550	742,585	1,113,450	553,140	560,305
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	1,474,525	729,320	745,205	1,240,700	614,440	626,255
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	11,620	5,660	5,965	110,630	53,980	56,645
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	11,395	5,545	5,845	108,055	52,775	55,285
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	9,615	4,655	4,955	93,070	45,490	47,580
Métis single ancestry	1,630	815	815	14,835	7,210	7,625
Inuit single ancestry	155	80	75	155	75	80
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	230	115	120	2,570	1,205	1,365
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	195	100	95	2,495	1,160	1,335
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	30	10	20	50	30	15
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	15	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	10	10	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	44,145	20,660	23,490	114,605	55,480	59,120
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	43,540	20,350	23,190	107,535	52,250	55,285
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	38,100	17,735	20,370	40,265	19,440	20,820
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	5,095	2,475	2,620	66,810	32,600	34,215
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	345	145	200	460	210	250
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	600	300	300	7,070	3,235	3,835
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	475	245	230	6,800	3,100	3,705
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	115	50	60	120	65	55
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	20	15	10	130	55	80
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	10	10	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	1,418,760	703,005	715,755	1,015,465	504,980	510,485
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	1,474,530	729,320	745,205	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	138,395	67,695	70,705	216,850	108,315	108,530
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	11,020	5,495	5,525	42,060	22,200	19,855
Chinese	20,895	9,350	11,540	22,540	11,340	11,195
Black	38,930	19,125	19,805	30,335	15,790	14,550
Filipino	3,265	1,390	1,875	79,815	37,935	41,885
Latin American	21,855	10,460	11,395	9,895	4,840	5,050
Arab	21,130	11,440	9,690	5,030	2,705	2,325
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	8,240	3,995	4,240	8,565	4,155	4,410
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	5,430	2,820	2,610	2,695	1,420	1,270
Korean	1,030	475	555	4,375	2,195	2,180
Japanese	600	240	360	1,850	880	975
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	2,175	1,060	1,115	3,195	1,610	1,590
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	3,840	1,850	1,990	6,485	3,235	3,250
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	1,336,130	661,630	674,500	1,023,850	506,125	517,725
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	1,474,530	729,320	745,205	1,240,700	614,440	626,255
North American Aboriginal origins	55,765	26,315	29,455	225,230	109,465	115,770
First Nations (North American Indian)	48,525	22,795	25,735	142,820	69,305	73,510
Inuit	655	290	365	955	460	500
Métis	7,415	3,645	3,770	91,120	44,150	46,970
Other North American origins	979,105	481,865	497,240	247,670	123,075	124,600
Acadian	6,285	3,020	3,265	645	325	320
American	9,310	4,455	4,855	9,220	4,605	4,615
Canadian	939,575	462,060	477,520	240,835	119,610	121,225
New Brunswicker	180	95	90	10	0	10
Newfoundlander	70	30	45	215	130	90
Nova Scotian	55	25	30	20	15	0
Ontarian	245	110	140	20	20	0
Québécois	37,140	18,830	18,310	280	150	125
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	45	25	25	30	10	25
European origins	578,910	288,265	290,640	826,210	406,770	419,445
British Isles origins	161,030	77,945	83,090	421,515	206,840	214,675
Channel Islander	125	65	55	45	25	25
Cornish	15	0	10	85	45	40
English	52,195	25,595	26,600	245,960	119,975	125,985
Irish	94,425	44,975	49,445	156,145	74,290	81,850
Manx	50	20	30	200	100	100
Scottish	45,670	21,965	23,700	208,065	100,790	107,265
Welsh	2,180	995	1,185	17,760	8,575	9,180
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	7,465	3,445	4,025	19,610	9,260	10,355
French origins	378,175	188,590	189,580	148,810	72,060	76,750
Alsatian	210	105	105	20	15	15
Breton	2,270	1,080	1,195	120	40	75
Corsican	120	65	60	0	10	0
French	376,610	187,820	188,785	148,740	72,020	76,720
Western European origins (except French origins)	52,830	26,120	26,705	286,985	141,285	145,705
Austrian	2,255	1,185	1,065	12,325	6,190	6,135
Bavarian	0	0	0	15	10	0
Belgian	12,800	6,435	6,370	21,510	10,495	11,020
Dutch	6,120	2,995	3,120	55,525	27,375	28,150
Flemish	280	100	180	965	445	515
Frisian	0	0	0	140	75	55
German	28,635	13,955	14,680	220,735	108,650	112,080
Luxembourger	130	50	75	155	65	90
Swiss	5,840	2,995	2,840	5,475	2,660	2,810
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	20	10	10	140	65	75
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	4,380	2,160	2,215	80,295	38,580	41,720
Danish	1,210	610	600	7,895	3,850	4,050
Finnish	570	290	285	4,000	1,905	2,095
Icelandic	120	60	60	31,090	15,265	15,825
Norwegian	1,295	595	700	19,600	9,145	10,455
Swedish	980	485	490	22,470	10,530	11,945
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	425	195	230	2,540	1,260	1,285
Eastern European origins	40,155	19,975	20,180	287,695	141,310	146,380
Bulgarian	1,880	985	895	330	190	145
Byelorussian	360	160	200	885	430	455
Czech	910	380	535	4,590	2,165	2,425
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	380	190	190	2,155	1,120	1,040
Estonian	150	75	75	190	80	115
Hungarian	4,185	2,165	2,025	10,120	4,990	5,125
Latvian	170	80	90	1,365	655	715
Lithuanian	1,120	545	575	1,455	750	705
Moldovan	950	475	475	325	170	160
Polish	11,965	5,885	6,080	88,090	42,670	45,420
Romanian	8,745	4,300	4,445	5,835	2,790	3,045
Russian	6,985	3,490	3,495	58,225	28,625	29,605
Slovak	900	430	465	2,190	1,055	1,135
Ukrainian	7,865	3,900	3,970	180,055	88,615	91,445
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	150	90	55	895	415	480
Southern European origins	79,885	40,600	39,285	59,915	29,445	30,470
Albanian	340	185	160	415	220	195
Bosnian	205	105	100	1,030	505	520
Catalan	100	65	30	15	0	15
Croatian	1,155	570	585	2,930	1,430	1,500
Cypriot	85	30	50	45	25	15
Greek	7,875	4,110	3,765	4,130	2,070	2,060
Italian	47,050	23,950	23,095	23,210	11,675	11,530
Kosovar	25	15	10	45	20	25
Macedonian	145	70	80	225	120	110
Maltese	285	140	145	360	165	195
Montenegrin	50	20	30	40	10	30
Portuguese	11,030	5,535	5,495	14,540	7,215	7,320
Serbian	500	255	245	1,240	660	580
Sicilian	275	110	160	235	110	125
Slovenian	635	295	335	1,005	485	520
Spanish	14,630	7,290	7,345	12,625	5,680	6,945
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	500	260	235	1,060	540	525
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	40	15	20	65	40	30
Other European origins	3,715	1,875	1,840	10,950	5,550	5,400
Basque	460	225	240	100	65	35
Jewish	1,705	870	835	8,455	4,250	4,200
Roma (Gypsy)	50	35	15	155	70	85
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	50	30	25	185	100	85
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	1,470	730	740	2,130	1,090	1,040
Caribbean origins	24,045	11,450	12,595	10,805	5,355	5,450
Antiguan	120	35	85	60	20	40
Bahamian	95	35	60	60	35	25
Barbadian	1,160	605	550	740	390	350
Bermudan	30	20	10	40	30	15
Carib	45	10	35	65	30	40
Cuban	1,565	775	790	340	155	190
Dominican	1,575	680	890	275	145	135
Grenadian	310	125	195	160	85	80
Guadeloupean	175	90	75	0	0	0
Haitian	14,505	6,650	7,855	235	90	150
Jamaican	2,245	1,165	1,080	4,585	2,250	2,335
Kittitian/Nevisian	55	40	10	10	10	0
Martinican	230	115	115	0	0	0
Montserratan	80	45	35	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	80	30	50	70	25	45
St. Lucian	135	75	60	30	20	15
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	1,455	620	830	2,395	1,240	1,160
Vincentian/Grenadinian	570	285	280	190	90	105
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	1,085	600	480	1,465	705	760
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	455	245	215	665	360	305
Latin, Central and South American origins	29,435	14,210	15,220	23,115	11,555	11,565
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	890	390	500	650	330	320
Arawak	20	10	15	10	10	10
Argentinian	725	370	360	475	230	245
Belizean	35	15	20	200	105	100
Bolivian	230	95	130	300	160	140
Brazilian	1,265	645	620	830	375	455
Chilean	3,190	1,535	1,655	1,520	720	795
Colombian	7,640	3,485	4,155	1,400	680	715
Costa Rican	175	70	105	65	40	25
Ecuadorian	460	210	245	125	70	55
Guatemalan	1,420	850	570	505	240	260
Guyanese	830	420	410	1,485	770	715
Hispanic	120	50	75	425	210	220
Honduran	370	185	185	520	245	280
Maya	280	140	140	220	135	80
Mexican	4,355	2,090	2,265	8,790	4,440	4,350
Nicaraguan	360	185	175	370	200	170
Panamanian	325	165	160	50	10	40
Paraguayan	80	40	45	2,080	1,070	1,010
Peruvian	4,210	1,990	2,215	350	130	225
Salvadorean	1,875	1,030	845	2,735	1,425	1,315
Uruguayan	195	85	105	35	10	20
Venezuelan	1,660	765	895	240	95	150
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	775	400	380	1,045	525	520
African origins	46,825	24,100	22,725	28,860	14,980	13,885
Central and West African origins	11,865	6,065	5,800	8,665	4,585	4,085
Akan	75	30	40	35	10	25
Angolan	95	40	60	10	10	0
Ashanti	30	15	20	25	10	10
Beninese	595	335	265	55	45	0
Burkinabe	405	205	200	20	10	10
Cameroonian	2,915	1,435	1,480	145	80	70
Chadian	50	30	25	10	10	0
Congolese	2,540	1,200	1,340	1,575	785	790
Edo	10	15	0	130	85	45
Ewe	90	40	50	15	10	10
Gabonese	160	95	65	25	20	10
Gambian	45	30	15	10	0	10
Ghanaian	310	180	130	380	220	170
Guinean	580	345	235	70	20	50
Ibo	0	0	0	435	205	225
Ivorian	1,185	600	580	120	45	75
Liberian	35	15	20	80	20	55
Malian	470	220	250	140	85	55
Malinké	20	10	10	35	20	10
Nigerian	270	140	130	3,860	2,130	1,735
Peulh	180	90	95	25	15	15
Senegalese	1,250	645	600	115	70	40
Sierra Leonean	10	0	0	320	155	165
Togolese	645	345	300	115	60	55
Wolof	95	55	40	25	10	15
Yoruba	60	30	30	1,050	540	510
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	855	500	350	545	260	285
North African origins	24,795	13,130	11,665	3,690	1,980	1,705
Algerian	5,760	3,005	2,755	100	35	60
Berber	3,630	1,860	1,770	150	90	55
Coptic	130	70	55	85	45	40
Dinka	0	0	0	30	25	10
Egyptian	4,635	2,455	2,175	1,335	720	620
Libyan	105	75	30	360	175	185
Maure	25	0	15	100	70	30
Moroccan	9,260	4,900	4,355	350	190	160
Sudanese	60	35	30	1,075	580	500
Tunisian	2,180	1,205	975	130	65	60
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	255	150	105	75	40	35
Southern and East African origins	4,485	2,165	2,320	10,500	5,420	5,080
Afrikaner	20	0	20	65	40	30
Amhara	0	0	0	140	100	45
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	150	80	75	150	90	65
Burundian	620	280	340	235	110	125
Djiboutian	20	10	10	45	30	15
Eritrean	125	55	65	2,300	1,240	1,055
Ethiopian	125	65	60	2,900	1,505	1,395
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	110	75	35	335	165	170
Malagasy	915	440	475	25	15	10
Mauritian	1,285	585	700	245	125	115
Oromo	0	0	0	325	185	140
Rwandan	640	320	330	300	145	155
Seychellois	75	40	35	45	20	30
Somali	120	75	40	1,740	900	845
South African	135	85	50	730	310	420
Tanzanian	35	15	20	90	55	30
Tigrian	10	0	10	320	200	120
Ugandan	50	30	20	255	125	130
Zambian	0	0	0	200	95	110
Zimbabwean	35	15	20	310	150	160
Zulu	0	0	0	30	15	10
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	170	90	80	440	230	210
Other African origins	6,460	3,160	3,300	6,670	3,350	3,325
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	560	260	295	825	405	415
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	6,020	2,945	3,075	5,925	2,965	2,965
Asian origins	74,045	35,930	38,110	178,655	88,885	89,765
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	24,595	12,915	11,685	11,850	6,130	5,715
Afghan	4,025	2,095	1,935	1,010	485	530
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	4,980	2,600	2,385	1,755	975	785
Armenian	1,980	990	990	495	250	250
Assyrian	40	25	10	40	30	10
Azerbaijani	35	25	10	55	35	20
Georgian	25	15	15	110	60	45
Hazara	265	130	135	0	0	0
Iranian	2,350	1,260	1,090	1,885	1,015	870
Iraqi	590	290	305	925	480	450
Israeli	345	190	150	775	410	360
Jordanian	210	115	95	235	100	135
Kazakh	90	35	55	335	185	145
Kurd	225	135	80	305	145	160
Kuwaiti	10	10	0	40	20	25
Kyrgyz	45	25	15	45	30	20
Lebanese	6,500	3,410	3,090	1,375	700	675
Palestinian	995	535	465	620	340	275
Pashtun	75	40	30	65	25	40
Saudi Arabian	55	30	20	170	95	70
Syrian	1,870	950	925	1,115	535	580
Tajik	80	30	40	55	20	40
Tatar	90	35	60	310	155	155
Turk	1,335	730	605	655	315	340
Turkmen	10	10	0	10	0	0
Uighur	30	20	10	10	10	0
Uzbek	45	10	40	70	45	20
Yemeni	95	65	30	100	45	55
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	210	130	80	305	145	155
South Asian origins	12,360	6,210	6,150	43,155	22,710	20,440
Bangladeshi	475	220	250	880	500	385
Bengali	320	175	150	200	115	85
Bhutanese	0	0	0	140	55	85
East Indian	8,315	4,165	4,145	34,470	18,110	16,355
Goan	50	25	20	50	30	30
Gujarati	70	40	35	220	120	100
Kashmiri	15	10	10	30	10	15
Nepali	65	30	40	500	250	250
Pakistani	1,935	1,000	940	3,370	1,795	1,575
Punjabi	310	165	145	3,830	1,995	1,840
Sinhalese	40	15	25	280	145	135
Sri Lankan	1,075	540	540	1,090	545	545
Tamil	110	45	70	245	145	105
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	260	145	110	725	415	305
East and Southeast Asian origins	37,800	17,235	20,565	124,100	60,175	63,925
Burmese	50	35	20	260	125	135
Cambodian (Khmer)	1,635	750	885	525	280	240
Chinese	24,340	10,920	13,425	30,150	14,980	15,170
Filipino	3,855	1,695	2,165	83,530	39,955	43,580
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	170	55	115	530	265	265
Japanese	930	385	545	2,675	1,305	1,365
Karen	0	0	0	455	195	255
Korean	1,170	540	630	4,545	2,300	2,240
Laotian	1,300	660	635	1,730	820	910
Malaysian	85	55	30	470	240	230
Mongolian	160	70	85	150	60	90
Singaporean	10	10	0	20	10	10
Taiwanese	490	220	270	150	90	60
Thai	420	145	275	750	335	420
Tibetan	30	20	10	15	10	10
Vietnamese	5,845	2,865	2,980	5,850	2,915	2,935
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	145	70	80
Other Asian origins	255	100	155	575	320	260
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	255	100	160	575	320	260
Oceania origins	360	210	150	1,525	740	785
Australian	270	165	105	910	415	495
New Zealander	70	40	35	315	170	140
Pacific Islands origins	30	10	15	345	180	165
Fijian	10	10	0	80	45	30
Hawaiian	0	0	0	60	30	30
Maori	0	0	0	55	30	25
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	10	10	0	95	45	45
Samoan	0	0	0	25	0	15
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	15	0	10	65	30	35
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	626,075	...	...	489,050	...	...
Owner	437,695	...	...	336,170	...	...
Renter	188,325	...	...	140,260	...	...
Band housing	60	...	...	12,620	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	626,080	...	...	489,050	...	...
Condominium	71,825	...	...	33,325	...	...
Not condominium	554,250	...	...	455,725	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	626,075	...	...	489,050	...	...
No bedrooms	1,555	...	...	3,745	...	...
1 bedroom	68,365	...	...	63,040	...	...
2 bedrooms	187,585	...	...	121,520	...	...
3 bedrooms	225,530	...	...	175,500	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	143,040	...	...	125,240	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	626,075	...	...	489,050	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	179,210	...	...	132,410	...	...
5 rooms	104,570	...	...	82,935	...	...
6 rooms	76,955	...	...	78,750	...	...
7 rooms	81,710	...	...	64,560	...	...
8 or more rooms	183,630	...	...	130,400	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	626,075	...	...	489,050	...	...
One person or fewer per room	622,535	...	...	473,625	...	...
More than 1 person per room	3,540	...	...	15,420	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	626,075	...	...	489,050	...	...
Suitable	610,500	...	...	456,365	...	...
Not suitable	15,575	...	...	32,680	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	626,080	...	...	489,050	...	...
1960 or before	115,405	...	...	142,200	...	...
1961 to 1980	204,900	...	...	158,180	...	...
1981 to 1990	97,535	...	...	65,190	...	...
1991 to 2000	71,770	...	...	42,740	...	...
2001 to 2005	43,250	...	...	20,815	...	...
2006 to 2010	51,715	...	...	27,880	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	41,505	...	...	32,035	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	626,080	...	...	489,050	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	590,335	...	...	444,995	...	...
Major repairs needed	35,745	...	...	44,055	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	626,075	...	...	489,050	...	...
1 household maintainer	373,965	...	...	290,830	...	...
2 household maintainers	245,560	...	...	187,775	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	6,555	...	...	10,445	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	626,075	...	...	489,050	...	...
15 to 24 years	15,540	...	...	17,240	...	...
25 to 34 years	79,315	...	...	74,950	...	...
35 to 44 years	110,520	...	...	84,800	...	...
45 to 54 years	128,960	...	...	95,135	...	...
55 to 64 years	132,545	...	...	96,255	...	...
65 to 74 years	99,625	...	...	67,475	...	...
75 to 84 years	46,840	...	...	37,760	...	...
85 years and over	12,730	...	...	15,440	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	620,140	...	...	461,870	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	506,735	...	...	373,860	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	113,410	...	...	88,010	...	...
30% to less than 100%	103,350	...	...	76,075	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	432,870	...	...	324,120	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	64.5	...	...	60.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	12.1	...	...	11.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,063	...	...	973	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,119	...	...	1,085	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	264,520	...	...	275,473	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	297,705	...	...	297,444	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	187,810	...	...	138,905	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	7.5	...	...	19.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	32.6	...	...	36.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	721	...	...	868	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	761	...	...	891	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	1,216,110	597,040	619,070	1,001,305	491,580	509,725
No certificate, diploma or degree	240,500	125,500	115,005	220,390	116,570	103,820
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	280,795	132,760	148,035	296,355	147,040	149,320
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	694,815	338,780	356,035	484,555	227,975	256,585
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	208,725	126,040	82,690	77,000	54,090	22,910
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	149,520	79,005	70,520	37,490	21,985	15,500
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	59,200	47,035	12,165	39,515	32,110	7,410
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	218,735	93,760	124,975	177,620	72,785	104,840
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	44,320	17,840	26,480	28,940	12,075	16,860
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	223,040	101,140	121,900	200,990	89,020	111,970
Bachelor's degree	150,435	65,315	85,115	143,780	61,350	82,430
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	19,830	8,825	10,995	16,040	6,675	9,365
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	5,585	2,805	2,775	6,105	3,515	2,595
Master's degree	41,550	20,705	20,845	29,305	13,830	15,470
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	5,645	3,485	2,160	5,765	3,645	2,115
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	802,580	395,325	407,260	654,670	323,300	331,370
No certificate, diploma or degree	106,030	60,915	45,115	94,310	54,700	39,610
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	163,595	79,360	84,235	182,335	93,000	89,330
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	532,955	255,050	277,910	378,030	175,595	202,435
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	160,740	94,615	66,130	53,800	38,185	15,620
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	116,555	59,640	56,910	25,955	15,460	10,490
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	44,190	34,975	9,220	27,850	22,725	5,125
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	157,640	68,055	89,580	137,930	57,445	80,485
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	31,745	12,820	18,925	21,215	8,995	12,220
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	182,830	79,555	103,275	165,085	70,970	94,115
Bachelor's degree	124,195	52,710	71,490	119,150	50,120	69,035
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	15,785	6,505	9,280	12,185	4,840	7,350
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	4,320	1,805	2,510	5,075	2,705	2,370
Master's degree	34,195	16,030	18,160	24,410	10,815	13,595
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	4,340	2,505	1,840	4,270	2,495	1,770
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	1,216,110	597,040	619,075	1,001,305	491,585	509,725
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	521,295	258,255	263,040	516,750	263,605	253,140
Education	48,725	10,340	38,385	44,855	11,705	33,145
13. Education	48,725	10,340	38,385	44,855	11,710	33,145
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	25,275	11,320	13,955	13,170	6,230	6,940
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	4,590	3,415	1,175	2,415	1,860	550
50. Visual and performing arts	20,685	7,905	12,780	10,755	4,365	6,390
Humanities	34,750	13,045	21,700	23,030	9,915	13,110
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	4,560	845	3,715	1,775	400	1,380
23. English language and literature/letters	1,460	440	1,020	3,905	1,110	2,795
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	19,520	7,750	11,775	7,065	2,820	4,240
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	130	65	70	60	25	30
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,200	760	435	1,590	940	650
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,490	830	660	4,510	2,590	1,925
54. History	2,370	1,280	1,090	3,410	1,855	1,555
55. French language and literature/letters	4,015	1,085	2,935	705	175	530
Social and behavioural sciences and law	60,740	18,335	42,405	46,555	15,805	30,750
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	570	150	420	880	220	660
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	7,605	2,365	5,235	3,115	1,225	1,890
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	14,305	1,060	13,250	10,760	795	9,965
22. Legal professions and studies	11,520	4,145	7,375	7,130	2,365	4,760
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	1,425	270	1,155	955	305	650
42. Psychology	8,905	2,095	6,815	8,155	2,385	5,770
45. Social sciences	16,410	8,255	8,150	15,565	8,510	7,055
Business, management and public administration	165,195	59,420	105,775	95,115	34,865	60,255
30.16 Accounting and computer science	125	50	75	320	105	210
44. Public administration and social service professions	7,040	1,365	5,675	7,670	1,875	5,790
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	158,035	58,010	100,025	87,125	32,875	54,250
Physical and life sciences and technologies	22,905	12,825	10,080	16,120	8,165	7,950
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	7,035	2,780	4,260	6,625	2,990	3,640
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	4,685	2,870	1,820	4,325	2,285	2,040
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	2,795	1,395	1,400	470	70	395
40. Physical sciences	6,920	4,980	1,940	3,685	2,585	1,095
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,465	810	660	1,020	240	780
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	26,945	18,490	8,455	18,425	11,380	7,050
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	22,810	16,625	6,185	15,225	10,050	5,175
25. Library science	1,660	305	1,355	1,140	175	965
27. Mathematics and statistics	2,140	1,305	830	1,945	1,080	865
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	340	250	90	120	75	40
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	156,640	144,170	12,470	96,625	89,275	7,350
04. Architecture and related services	4,575	2,605	1,970	2,420	1,380	1,040
14. Engineering	26,640	22,465	4,170	16,205	13,530	2,675
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	29,910	26,860	3,055	17,815	15,975	1,845
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	10	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	35,145	34,180	965	22,160	21,705	450
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	34,930	33,805	1,125	27,485	26,650	830
48. Precision production	25,425	24,260	1,165	10,530	10,030	505
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	14,485	8,850	5,635	14,540	10,260	4,275
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	11,945	7,220	4,725	11,380	8,280	3,100
03. Natural resources and conservation	2,545	1,630	910	3,160	1,980	1,180
Health and related fields	84,975	14,755	70,220	87,795	16,505	71,290
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	4,970	2,415	2,555	4,105	1,945	2,155
51. Health professions and related programs	78,705	11,625	67,080	81,865	13,450	68,415
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,300	720	585	1,825	1,110	715
Personal, protective and transportation services	54,060	27,165	26,900	28,275	13,845	14,435
12. Personal and culinary services	30,520	7,410	23,110	16,750	4,095	12,655
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	65	60	10	90	85	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	340	305	30	240	230	10
43. Security and protective services	11,335	8,785	2,550	5,005	3,680	1,330
49. Transportation and materials moving	11,805	10,600	1,200	6,185	5,750	435
Other	125	65	65	60	30	35
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	130	65	65	60	25	35
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	802,580	395,325	407,260	654,670	323,300	331,375
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	269,620	140,270	129,350	276,645	147,710	128,935
Education	31,750	6,120	25,635	31,645	7,860	23,785
13. Education	31,755	6,120	25,635	31,650	7,865	23,785
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	19,410	8,460	10,955	10,350	4,875	5,475
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	3,540	2,540	1,000	1,815	1,335	480
50. Visual and performing arts	15,870	5,915	9,950	8,540	3,545	4,990
Humanities	21,850	8,020	13,835	17,250	7,370	9,880
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	3,510	575	2,935	1,485	330	1,155
23. English language and literature/letters	1,085	305	775	2,930	810	2,120
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	11,080	4,640	6,440	5,420	2,245	3,180
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	85	35	55	55	30	30
38. Philosophy and religious studies	775	480	290	1,230	715	515
39. Theology and religious vocations	770	445	320	3,255	1,835	1,420
54. History	1,665	900	760	2,365	1,275	1,090
55. French language and literature/letters	2,885	640	2,245	505	135	370
Social and behavioural sciences and law	48,430	13,695	34,730	38,120	12,380	25,740
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	460	105	355	740	185	555
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	6,260	1,905	4,350	2,575	965	1,610
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	11,840	735	11,105	8,805	605	8,195
22. Legal professions and studies	9,175	3,000	6,180	6,085	1,795	4,285
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	920	145	775	815	265	550
42. Psychology	7,055	1,495	5,565	6,370	1,720	4,645
45. Social sciences	12,710	6,305	6,400	12,730	6,835	5,895
Business, management and public administration	132,480	45,785	86,695	76,370	27,865	48,495
30.16 Accounting and computer science	85	35	55	270	95	175
44. Public administration and social service professions	5,575	970	4,610	6,145	1,335	4,810
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	126,815	44,780	82,035	69,950	26,440	43,510
Physical and life sciences and technologies	15,130	8,095	7,030	12,195	5,930	6,270
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	5,870	2,215	3,650	5,290	2,265	3,025
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	2,520	1,490	1,030	3,005	1,595	1,405
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	540	300	245	405	65	345
40. Physical sciences	5,150	3,540	1,610	2,805	1,855	950
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,045	555	490	690	150	545
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	23,600	16,185	7,415	15,955	9,965	5,985
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	20,525	14,910	5,615	13,600	9,015	4,585
25. Library science	1,310	220	1,090	790	135	650
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,520	880	640	1,465	760	700
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	250	175	70	100	60	45
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	120,420	109,370	11,045	73,680	67,440	6,240
04. Architecture and related services	3,780	2,120	1,660	2,025	1,160	865
14. Engineering	22,370	18,510	3,860	13,705	11,305	2,405
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	23,175	20,485	2,685	13,840	12,265	1,575
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	25,660	24,835	820	16,060	15,690	365
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	26,380	25,385	990	20,395	19,765	625
48. Precision production	19,055	18,030	1,025	7,655	7,250	405
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	11,780	6,900	4,875	11,450	7,800	3,645
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	9,655	5,565	4,085	8,760	6,170	2,590
03. Natural resources and conservation	2,130	1,330	795	2,695	1,635	1,060
Health and related fields	65,045	10,940	54,100	69,600	13,415	56,185
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	3,995	1,850	2,145	3,310	1,585	1,715
51. Health professions and related programs	60,055	8,625	51,430	64,870	11,020	53,850
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	995	470	525	1,430	810	620
Personal, protective and transportation services	42,970	21,435	21,540	21,365	10,660	10,705
12. Personal and culinary services	23,935	5,605	18,330	12,255	2,980	9,275
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	55	50	10	90	85	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	215	190	25	110	105	0
43. Security and protective services	9,015	6,890	2,125	4,025	2,945	1,080
49. Transportation and materials moving	9,755	8,700	1,055	4,885	4,545	340
Other	95	45	50	50	30	25
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	95	45	50	50	25	25
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	1,216,110	597,035	619,075	1,001,305	491,585	509,725
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	521,295	258,260	263,040	516,750	263,610	253,145
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	694,820	338,780	356,035	484,555	227,975	256,585
Location of study inside Canada	645,160	312,940	332,220	403,775	188,230	215,540
Same as province or territory of residence	628,365	303,740	324,625	352,390	162,050	190,340
Different than province or territory of residence	16,790	9,200	7,595	51,385	26,185	25,200
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	49,655	25,845	23,810	80,785	39,745	41,040
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	4,275	2,450	1,820	9,155	4,910	4,245
Philippines	980	315	665	26,450	11,595	14,860
India	835	405	435	10,365	5,300	5,070
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	1,970	1,175	790	4,180	2,350	1,825
China^{Census data footnote 162}	3,000	1,390	1,615	2,865	1,330	1,535
France	8,485	4,980	3,505	395	235	165
Other	30,110	15,125	14,985	27,375	14,030	13,345
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	802,580	395,320	407,260	654,670	323,300	331,375
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	269,620	140,270	129,350	276,640	147,705	128,935
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	532,960	255,050	277,910	378,035	175,595	202,440
Location of study inside Canada	493,870	235,615	258,255	309,655	142,710	166,950
Same as province or territory of residence	481,480	229,010	252,470	270,435	123,090	147,340
Different than province or territory of residence	12,395	6,610	5,785	39,225	19,615	19,610
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	39,085	19,430	19,655	68,375	32,885	35,485
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	2,950	1,560	1,395	6,215	3,005	3,210
Philippines	680	205	470	24,495	10,775	13,720
India	515	245	265	9,430	4,770	4,660
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	1,140	640	500	2,465	1,385	1,080
China^{Census data footnote 162}	2,640	1,200	1,440	2,630	1,210	1,420
France	6,510	3,685	2,820	340	195	145
Other	24,655	11,895	12,755	22,805	11,555	11,255
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	1,216,110	597,040	619,075	1,001,305	491,580	509,725
In the labour force	802,340	415,295	387,045	662,155	347,685	314,465
Employed	754,960	388,835	366,125	617,465	322,130	295,335
Unemployed	47,380	26,460	20,920	44,690	25,560	19,130
Not in the labour force	413,770	181,745	232,025	339,155	143,895	195,260
Participation rate	66.0	69.6	62.5	66.1	70.7	61.7
Employment rate	62.1	65.1	59.1	61.7	65.5	57.9
Unemployment rate	5.9	6.4	5.4	6.7	7.4	6.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	1,216,115	597,035	619,075	1,001,310	491,585	509,725
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	385,735	167,330	218,405	312,495	131,600	180,900
Worked	830,380	429,710	400,670	688,810	359,980	328,830
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	411,435	226,515	184,915	358,800	206,460	152,330
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	418,945	203,190	215,755	330,010	153,520	176,495
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.2	43.5	42.9	42.9	43.5	42.3
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	802,340	415,295	387,045	662,155	347,685	314,465
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	15,740	7,800	7,940	12,625	6,125	6,505
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	786,600	407,500	379,105	649,530	341,560	307,965
Employee	690,515	348,960	341,560	580,885	296,560	284,325
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	96,085	58,535	37,545	68,645	45,000	23,640
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	802,340	415,295	387,045	662,155	347,690	314,470
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	15,745	7,800	7,940	12,625	6,125	6,505
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	786,600	407,495	379,100	649,525	341,565	307,965
0 Management occupations	87,060	55,190	31,870	71,455	45,945	25,510
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	129,730	38,255	91,475	96,050	27,530	68,515
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	53,440	40,950	12,495	34,135	26,895	7,240
3 Health occupations	53,300	8,430	44,870	52,280	10,830	41,450
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	86,770	23,170	63,600	86,055	27,425	58,630
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	21,955	10,090	11,870	14,355	6,025	8,325
6 Sales and service occupations	179,580	79,375	100,200	144,490	62,735	81,760
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	119,285	112,565	6,715	102,660	97,500	5,160
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	12,565	9,750	2,815	18,400	14,490	3,910
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	42,920	29,720	13,200	29,650	22,180	7,475
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	802,340	415,295	387,045	662,155	347,685	314,465
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	15,740	7,800	7,945	12,625	6,120	6,500
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	786,600	407,495	379,105	649,525	341,560	307,965
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	18,285	12,330	5,955	28,680	20,765	7,920
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,760	1,400	360	5,460	4,830	635
22 Utilities	7,075	4,780	2,290	7,390	5,625	1,765
23 Construction	50,605	44,310	6,295	49,575	43,990	5,585
31-33 Manufacturing	101,495	71,925	29,570	54,645	40,800	13,845
41 Wholesale trade	35,660	23,640	12,020	21,890	16,040	5,850
44-45 Retail trade	98,435	45,950	52,480	69,700	33,960	35,740
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	41,040	30,545	10,490	35,490	28,350	7,145
51 Information and cultural industries	18,975	10,950	8,020	10,875	6,085	4,790
52 Finance and insurance	34,260	13,075	21,180	25,885	9,615	16,270
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	11,065	6,500	4,570	8,235	4,565	3,670
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	53,815	28,655	25,160	28,470	14,790	13,680
55 Management of companies and enterprises	630	230	400	635	250	380
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	30,925	19,090	11,835	22,285	13,105	9,170
61 Educational services	52,425	14,520	37,900	55,025	17,480	37,540
62 Health care and social assistance	94,045	14,425	79,620	93,960	18,345	75,615
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	15,470	8,075	7,395	12,980	6,620	6,360
72 Accommodation and food services	46,350	19,900	26,450	43,655	17,430	26,230
81 Other services (except public administration)	35,730	16,615	19,115	28,055	13,740	14,315
91 Public administration	38,560	20,575	17,985	46,645	25,180	21,465
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	754,960	388,835	366,120	617,465	322,125	295,335
Worked at home	53,505	26,785	26,720	42,530	23,485	19,050
Worked outside Canada	1,890	1,400	490	1,935	1,305	630
No fixed workplace address	67,015	51,355	15,660	68,420	52,715	15,710
Worked at usual place	632,550	309,295	323,255	504,580	244,620	259,960
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	632,545	309,295	323,255	504,580	244,620	259,960
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	187,215	83,720	103,495	384,465	181,650	202,820
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	110,360	51,325	59,035	50,350	23,760	26,580
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	332,975	173,100	159,875	66,495	37,055	29,435
Commute to a different province or territory	1,995	1,145	850	3,275	2,150	1,120
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	699,565	360,650	338,910	573,005	297,335	275,665
Car, truck, van - as a driver	565,455	301,805	263,650	431,755	237,860	193,895
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	24,450	9,445	15,000	40,595	14,520	26,070
Public transit	70,600	29,905	40,700	53,740	21,780	31,955
Walked	26,925	11,890	15,040	32,330	13,815	18,520
Bicycle	6,465	4,645	1,825	8,175	5,670	2,505
Other method	5,660	2,960	2,700	6,410	3,695	2,715
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	699,560	360,650	338,915	573,000	297,340	275,665
Less than 15 minutes	190,605	88,500	102,105	185,120	87,795	97,320
15 to 29 minutes	215,005	108,465	106,540	208,570	108,680	99,890
30 to 44 minutes	148,445	83,350	65,095	115,090	63,555	51,535
45 to 59 minutes	76,995	42,905	34,090	36,755	20,485	16,270
60 minutes and over	68,515	37,435	31,085	27,470	16,820	10,650
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	699,565	360,650	338,915	573,000	297,335	275,665
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	57,305	43,580	13,720	28,060	20,145	7,915
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	142,745	87,685	55,055	104,545	65,630	38,925
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	213,375	97,875	115,500	168,760	90,125	78,630
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	120,610	47,860	72,755	126,090	50,885	75,200
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	61,745	24,545	37,200	53,120	22,305	30,810
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	103,780	59,100	44,675	92,430	48,240	44,190
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	851,290	439,615	411,675	710,830	370,255	340,575
Single responses	789,810	407,090	382,720	702,445	366,000	336,445
Official languages	786,390	405,260	381,130	694,855	361,770	333,090
English	80,270	43,515	36,760	688,400	359,660	328,730
French	706,120	361,745	344,375	6,455	2,100	4,355
Non-official languages	3,415	1,830	1,590	7,590	4,235	3,360
Aboriginal languages	15	10	15	1,815	1,025	800
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	1,755	990	755
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	985	565	420
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	980	565	415
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	770	430	335
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	230	125	110
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	535	310	230
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	55	25	30
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	60	25	30
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	55	30	30
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	10	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	15	0	10	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	10	0	10	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	10
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	10	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	3,400	1,830	1,575	5,770	3,215	2,560
Afro-Asiatic languages	120	65	55	300	155	145
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	30	10	20
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	30	10	20
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	120	70	55	270	145	125
Amharic	0	0	0	15	0	10
Arabic	110	65	45	105	70	40
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	0	10	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	0	10	115	50	65
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	35	25	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	150	75	70	140	35	100
Khmer (Cambodian)	35	15	15	0	0	0
Vietnamese	115	65	55	140	35	100
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	10	0	0	485	245	240
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	10	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	10	10	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	470	235	240
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	15	0	10	10	0	10
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	15	0	10	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tamil	15	0	15	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,300	775	525	3,115	1,865	1,255
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	15	0	10	10	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	120	45	75	480	245	235
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	120	45	70	480	245	235
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Bulgarian	15	0	15	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	65	50	20
Russian	100	45	60	280	145	135
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	110	40	70
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	70	35	30	1,300	790	505
Afrikaans	0	0	0	10	10	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	40	10	30
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	60	35	25	950	585	370
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Swedish	10	0	10	0	10	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	290	185	105
Greek	40	20	20	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	145	75	65	755	505	260
Indo-Aryan languages	85	30	55	685	455	225
Bengali	15	10	10	20	0	15
Gujarati	0	0	0	10	10	10
Hindi	0	0	0	40	40	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	10	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	60	25	40	605	400	210
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	10	10	0	10
Iranian languages	55	45	10	75	45	30
Kurdish	0	0	0	10	10	10
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	60	45	15	65	45	20
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	920	595	325	580	330	245
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	20	15	10	20	10	10
Portuguese	60	25	40	330	215	115
Romanian	30	15	15	10	10	0
Spanish	805	535	265	220	100	125
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	40	10	30	10	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	10	0	0	305	150	150
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	0	0	15	15	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	10	0	0	0	10	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	40	15	20	210	80	135
American Sign Language	0	0	0	155	65	95
Quebec Sign Language	30	10	25	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	10	0	0	55	15	45
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,680	860	820	1,170	650	515
Chinese languages	1,680	865	820	1,160	650	515
Cantonese	935	480	460	690	380	315
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	690	345	345	440	255	185
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	15	10	10	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	40	25	10	25	10	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	10	10	10
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	10	15	15	0	10
Lao	25	10	10	10	0	10
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	10	0	0	0	0
Turkish	10	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	61,485	32,530	28,955	8,390	4,255	4,125
English and French	58,190	30,870	27,320	2,655	1,150	1,505
English and non-official language	820	455	365	5,680	3,085	2,590
French and non-official language	940	425	520	10	0	0
English, French and non-official language	1,535	780	755	45	20	30
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	851,295	439,615	411,675	710,835	370,255	340,575
None	557,395	283,425	273,965	662,595	346,710	315,885
English	233,005	123,885	109,120	8,550	3,690	4,855
French	52,045	27,780	24,270	13,320	5,825	7,495
Non-official language	5,765	3,015	2,750	25,960	13,815	12,145
Aboriginal	80	30	50	6,500	3,245	3,255
Non-Aboriginal	5,685	2,985	2,700	19,460	10,575	8,890
English and French	205	85	115	10	0	10
English and non-official language	2,200	1,055	1,150	65	45	20
French and non-official language	660	350	305	335	160	175
English, French and non-official language	15	10	10	10	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	1,459,045	721,340	737,705	1,225,480	606,585	618,895
Non-movers	1,303,950	645,930	658,015	1,064,380	527,020	537,360
Movers	155,100	75,410	79,690	161,100	79,570	81,535
Non-migrants	74,475	36,060	38,415	105,090	52,025	53,065
Migrants	80,625	39,350	41,270	56,010	27,545	28,465
Internal migrants	75,180	36,480	38,700	41,305	20,285	21,020
Intraprovincial migrants	72,755	35,225	37,530	30,395	14,720	15,675
Interprovincial migrants	2,425	1,255	1,170	10,915	5,565	5,345
External migrants	5,445	2,870	2,570	14,705	7,260	7,445
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	1,391,245	687,070	704,170	1,161,240	573,310	587,930
Non-movers	916,100	455,840	460,260	718,640	355,585	363,050
Movers	475,145	231,230	243,915	442,600	217,725	224,875
Non-migrants	219,275	106,605	112,675	261,015	128,560	132,455
Migrants	255,865	124,630	131,240	181,585	89,165	92,420
Internal migrants	232,880	113,460	119,425	117,135	56,880	60,260
Intraprovincial migrants	226,290	110,140	116,150	86,295	41,295	45,000
Interprovincial migrants	6,590	3,320	3,270	30,840	15,580	15,260
External migrants	22,990	11,170	11,815	64,445	32,285	32,165

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Montérégie [Economic region], Quebec and Manitoba [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 8, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Montérégie [Economic region], Quebec and Manitoba [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Montérégie [Economic region], Quebec and Manitoba [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Montérégie [Economic region], Quebec and Manitoba [Province]