Census Profile, 2016 Census
Montérégie [Economic region], Quebec and Yukon [Territory]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Montérégie Quebec [Economic region]			Yukon [Territory]
	Data quality , Montérégie [Economic region], Quebec Map : Montérégie [Economic region], Quebec Change geography 1			Data quality : Yukon [Territory] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	1,507,070	...	...	35,874	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	1,442,433	...	...	33,897	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	4.5	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	657,344	...	...	17,987	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	626,077	...	...	15,215	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	135.4	...	...	0.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	11,132.34	...	...	474,712.68	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	1,507,070	741,455	765,615	35,875	18,075	17,795
0 to 14 years	258,825	132,555	126,265	6,280	3,355	2,920
0 to 4 years	83,415	42,750	40,665	2,135	1,155	985
5 to 9 years	91,610	47,000	44,610	2,120	1,130	995
10 to 14 years	83,800	42,810	40,995	2,020	1,075	945
15 to 64 years	977,470	486,190	491,285	25,340	12,500	12,835
15 to 19 years	83,280	42,565	40,715	1,935	1,000	930
20 to 24 years	86,680	44,415	42,270	1,965	1,035	930
25 to 29 years	80,250	40,305	39,945	2,550	1,245	1,310
30 to 34 years	87,625	43,170	44,460	2,890	1,395	1,495
35 to 39 years	101,380	50,110	51,275	2,590	1,235	1,355
40 to 44 years	96,765	48,095	48,665	2,540	1,170	1,370
45 to 49 years	100,295	49,910	50,390	2,465	1,210	1,245
50 to 54 years	118,685	58,630	60,055	2,880	1,390	1,495
55 to 59 years	119,035	58,540	60,495	2,995	1,505	1,490
60 to 64 years	103,460	50,460	53,005	2,530	1,315	1,220
65 years and over	270,775	122,705	148,065	4,260	2,220	2,040
65 to 69 years	91,110	43,580	47,535	1,845	980	870
70 to 74 years	71,365	34,190	37,170	1,090	605	485
75 to 79 years	46,595	21,465	25,130	645	350	295
80 to 84 years	31,550	13,455	18,100	375	160	215
85 years and over	30,150	10,015	20,135	300	125	175
85 to 89 years	19,605	7,275	12,330	195	90	105
90 to 94 years	8,220	2,300	5,920	80	30	50
95 to 99 years	2,060	410	1,650	20	5	20
100 years and over	270	30	235	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.2	17.9	16.5	17.5	18.6	16.4
15 to 64 years	64.9	65.6	64.2	70.6	69.2	72.1
65 years and over	18.0	16.5	19.3	11.9	12.3	11.5
85 years and over	2.0	1.4	2.6	0.8	0.7	1.0
Average age of the population	41.7	40.7	42.6	39.1	38.8	39.4
Median age of the population	42.8	41.8	43.9	39.5	39.0	39.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	626,080	...	...	15,215	...	...
Single-detached house	348,535	...	...	9,430	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	11,240	...	...	50	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	260,740	...	...	4,550	...	...
Semi-detached house	34,665	...	...	1,160	...	...
Row house	16,170	...	...	950	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	29,025	...	...	605	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	177,340	...	...	1,770	...	...
Other single-attached house	3,540	...	...	65	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	5,565	...	...	1,185	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	626,075	...	...	15,215	...	...
1 person	182,495	...	...	4,900	...	...
2 persons	223,740	...	...	5,180	...	...
3 persons	92,945	...	...	2,255	...	...
4 persons	85,660	...	...	1,860	...	...
5 or more persons	41,235	...	...	1,025	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,474,525	...	...	35,110	...	...
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	1,248,250	608,895	639,345	29,595	14,725	14,870
Married or living common law	739,545	369,700	369,840	16,445	8,210	8,235
Married	440,600	220,365	220,230	11,345	5,680	5,670
Living common law	298,945	149,335	149,605	5,095	2,530	2,570
Not married and not living common law	508,700	239,195	269,505	13,150	6,515	6,635
Never married	337,030	182,150	154,880	9,150	4,905	4,245
Separated	16,645	7,480	9,165	845	370	470
Divorced	87,680	34,665	53,015	2,105	975	1,130
Widowed	67,345	14,900	52,445	1,060	265	795
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	432,715	...	...	9,845	...	...
2 persons	225,635	...	...	5,330	...	...
3 persons	90,105	...	...	2,060	...	...
4 persons	83,335	...	...	1,745	...	...
5 or more persons	33,640	...	...	710	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	432,720	...	...	9,845	...	...
Total couple families	362,940	...	...	7,970	...	...
Married couples	213,685	...	...	5,425	...	...
Common-law couples	149,255	...	...	2,545	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	69,775	...	...	1,875	...	...
Female parent	51,080	...	...	1,390	...	...
Male parent	18,690	...	...	480	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	362,945	...	...	7,970	...	...
Couples without children	183,285	...	...	4,130	...	...
Couples with children	179,660	...	...	3,840	...	...
1 child	69,010	...	...	1,575	...	...
2 children	78,310	...	...	1,600	...	...
3 or more children	32,335	...	...	660	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	69,775	...	...	1,875	...	...
1 child	42,350	...	...	1,195	...	...
2 children	21,095	...	...	485	...	...
3 or more children	6,325	...	...	195	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	241,435	116,535	124,895	7,505	3,895	3,610
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	626,075	...	...	15,215	...	...
One-census-family households	420,690	...	...	9,345	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	178,200	...	...	3,915	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	242,495	...	...	5,430	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	5,925	...	...	245	...	...
Non-census-family households	199,460	...	...	5,620	...	...
One-person households	182,500	...	...	4,900	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	16,965	...	...	720	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	1,491,970	735,650	756,325	35,555	17,895	17,660
English only	48,350	24,350	24,005	30,430	15,530	14,895
French only	717,125	331,285	385,835	85	40	45
English and French	717,805	376,180	341,625	4,900	2,260	2,640
Neither English nor French	8,695	3,835	4,855	140	65	75
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	1,491,970	735,650	756,320	35,555	17,895	17,660
English	151,265	75,885	75,375	33,720	16,960	16,760
French	1,293,645	636,090	657,555	1,575	815	755
English and French	38,665	20,000	18,665	125	55	70
Neither English nor French	8,395	3,670	4,720	140	65	75
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	170,600	85,890	84,710	1,635	845	790
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	11.4	11.7	11.2	4.6	4.7	4.5
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	1,491,970	735,650	756,320	35,560	17,900	17,660
Single responses	1,462,465	720,875	741,590	34,885	17,555	17,330
Official languages	1,338,810	659,870	678,940	30,675	15,585	15,095
English	114,710	57,470	57,240	29,105	14,775	14,335
French	1,224,105	602,400	621,700	1,570	810	755
Non-official languages	123,650	61,005	62,645	4,210	1,970	2,235
Aboriginal languages	430	185	245	675	295	380
Algonquian languages	55	25	30	25	5	20
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	40	20	25	20	5	20
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	25	10	15	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	5	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	5	5	20	5	20
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	5	5	5	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	5	5	5	5	0
Algonquin	5	0	0	5	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	5	5	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	5	5	0	560	250	305
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	5	0	545	245	300
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	10	0	5
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	80	40	45
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	5	5	0	5	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	5	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	5	5	0	5	0	5
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	170	85	85
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	165	85	85
Tahltan	0	0	0	5	5	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	285	115	165
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	210	90	125
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	70	30	35
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	60	20	40	20	10	15
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	10	5	5
Inuktitut	45	15	35	5	5	5
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	310	135	175	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	310	135	175	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	5	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	65	25	40
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	10	0	5	10	5	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	123,220	60,820	62,400	3,530	1,675	1,860
Afro-Asiatic languages	17,560	9,385	8,175	50	25	25
Berber languages	2,005	1,060	945	0	0	0
Kabyle	1,190	610	575	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	815	450	365	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	60	35	30	10	5	5
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	55	35	30	5	5	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages	15,455	8,270	7,185	40	25	20
Amharic	40	15	20	5	0	0
Arabic	15,265	8,165	7,095	35	20	15
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	5	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	115	65	50	5	0	0
Maltese	10	5	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	20	10	10	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	40	25	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	4,150	1,955	2,200	50	30	25
Khmer (Cambodian)	830	375	455	0	0	0
Vietnamese	3,315	1,575	1,740	50	25	25
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	5	5	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	1,970	725	1,245	990	415	575
Bikol	5	0	5	0	0	0
Cebuano	80	20	60	80	35	45
Fijian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Hiligaynon	10	0	10	40	15	25
Ilocano	95	35	65	35	15	20
Malagasy	305	150	155	0	0	0
Malay	95	35	60	15	5	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	10	5	5	5	0
Pangasinan	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,325	460	865	805	335	465
Waray-Waray	5	0	0	5	5	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	10	0	5
Creole languages	5,275	2,450	2,825	25	10	15
Haitian Creole	250	120	135	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	4,715	2,190	2,520	15	5	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	310	145	165	15	0	10
Dravidian languages	750	365	385	55	30	25
Kannada	30	15	10	0	0	0
Malayalam	70	30	40	25	10	15
Tamil	600	290	305	25	10	10
Telugu	55	30	25	5	5	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	70,795	35,125	35,675	1,715	885	825
Albanian	150	80	75	5	0	5
Armenian	600	300	300	0	0	5
Balto-Slavic languages	10,640	4,985	5,655	295	150	150
Baltic languages	135	55	75	5	5	0
Latvian	25	10	20	0	5	0
Lithuanian	100	50	60	0	0	0
Slavic languages	10,510	4,930	5,580	290	145	145
Belarusan	20	10	5	0	0	0
Bosnian	115	60	60	5	0	5
Bulgarian	1,340	670	670	5	0	0
Croatian	275	145	130	5	5	5
Czech	255	125	130	55	30	25
Macedonian	40	25	20	0	0	0
Polish	2,330	1,040	1,290	65	35	30
Russian	4,685	2,160	2,520	75	35	45
Serbian	250	130	120	5	5	0
Serbo-Croatian	100	50	50	5	5	5
Slovak	165	80	90	5	0	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	220	100	115	15	5	10
Ukrainian	695	325	370	50	25	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	35	15	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages	35	20	15	10	5	5
Scottish Gaelic	0	5	0	0	5	0
Welsh	15	10	10	5	0	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	5	0	0
Germanic languages	4,175	2,080	2,095	945	495	445
Afrikaans	15	5	10	10	5	5
Danish	95	55	45	20	10	5
Dutch	705	350	350	115	50	60
Frisian	5	0	5	0	5	0
German	2,990	1,490	1,505	765	415	355
Icelandic	5	0	5	5	5	0
Norwegian	35	15	15	10	5	5
Swedish	85	40	50	15	10	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	210	105	105	5	0	0
Yiddish	15	10	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0	0	0
Greek	3,070	1,650	1,420	10	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages	10,120	5,190	4,930	215	115	100
Indo-Aryan languages	4,635	2,330	2,305	190	100	95
Bengali	705	360	345	25	5	15
Gujarati	440	215	225	20	20	5
Hindi	410	210	200	35	20	15
Kashmiri	5	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	15	5	15	0	0	0
Marathi	35	15	20	0	0	0
Nepali	30	15	15	0	0	5
Oriya (Odia)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,545	775	775	85	40	45
Sindhi	30	15	15	0	5	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	80	45	40	5	0	5
Urdu	1,325	675	650	20	10	10
Iranian languages	5,435	2,830	2,600	25	20	10
Kurdish	75	45	25	0	0	0
Pashto	140	70	65	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	5,225	2,715	2,510	25	20	5
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	50	30	25	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	42,005	20,825	21,180	225	105	120
Catalan	35	20	10	5	0	5
Italian	6,275	3,465	2,810	25	15	10
Portuguese	4,915	2,380	2,535	15	5	5
Romanian	6,655	3,205	3,450	10	10	5
Spanish	24,120	11,750	12,370	170	75	95
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0	0	0
Japanese	270	70	200	95	40	55
Kartvelian languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Georgian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Korean	515	220	300	45	10	30
Mongolic languages	5	5	5	0	0	5
Mongolian	10	0	5	5	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	3,535	1,815	1,720	25	15	10
Akan (Twi)	85	40	40	0	0	0
Bamanankan	185	90	90	0	0	0
Edo	5	5	5	0	0	0
Ewe	105	60	45	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	240	125	110	0	0	0
Ga	15	5	10	0	0	0
Ganda	5	5	5	0	0	0
Igbo	15	10	10	0	0	0
Lingala	205	110	95	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	445	210	240	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	270	120	145	5	0	0
Shona	15	5	10	0	0	0
Swahili	405	205	205	0	0	0
Wolof	505	270	230	0	0	0
Yoruba	35	20	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	1,010	535	480	10	5	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	35	15	15	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	35	15	15	0	0	0
Sign languages	225	115	115	20	10	5
American Sign Language	10	10	5	10	5	5
Quebec Sign Language	140	65	70	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	75	40	35	5	5	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	15,645	7,345	8,300	350	150	195
Chinese languages	15,570	7,310	8,260	350	155	195
Cantonese	6,510	3,090	3,420	225	100	120
Hakka	150	65	80	0	0	5
Mandarin	7,685	3,570	4,115	95	40	60
Min Dong	5	0	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	445	210	235	15	10	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	245	110	135	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	525	260	270	15	5	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	75	40	35	0	0	0
Burmese	5	0	5	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	70	40	30	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	735	345	395	30	5	25
Lao	640	315	320	5	5	5
Thai	100	25	70	25	5	25
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	5	0	0	0
Turkic languages	780	395	385	0	5	0
Azerbaijani	30	15	20	0	0	0
Turkish	685	350	335	0	0	0
Uyghur	50	20	25	0	0	0
Uzbek	5	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages	885	440	450	75	40	35
Estonian	20	10	15	0	0	0
Finnish	60	15	40	25	15	10
Hungarian	800	410	390	45	30	20
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	70	50	15	5	0	0
Multiple responses	29,510	14,775	14,735	675	345	330
English and French	15,985	8,040	7,940	220	115	100
English and non-official language	2,845	1,425	1,420	420	210	215
French and non-official language	8,210	4,040	4,165	15	10	10
English, French and non-official language	2,470	1,260	1,210	15	10	10
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	1,491,970	735,650	756,320	35,560	17,900	17,660
Single responses	1,446,355	713,345	733,010	34,730	17,510	17,220
Official languages	1,379,495	680,545	698,950	33,135	16,735	16,400
English	133,220	66,750	66,470	32,270	16,315	15,960
French	1,246,275	613,795	632,480	860	420	435
Non-official languages	66,860	32,800	34,060	1,600	775	825
Aboriginal languages	80	35	45	75	45	35
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	5	5
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	5	5	0	0	0	5
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	5	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	65	35	35
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	65	35	35
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	15	10	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	20	10	10
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	30	15	15
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	25	15	10
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	5	0	5
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	10	5	10	0	5	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	10	0	10	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Iroquoian languages	55	30	30	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	60	30	30	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	5	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	5	5
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	66,785	32,770	34,020	1,520	730	785
Afro-Asiatic languages	6,890	3,485	3,405	30	15	15
Berber languages	590	300	290	0	0	0
Kabyle	395	195	200	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	195	105	95	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	25	10	15	5	5	5
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	25	15	15	0	5	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	6,270	3,170	3,095	20	10	10
Amharic	0	0	5	5	0	0
Arabic	6,225	3,150	3,080	20	10	10
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	35	20	15	5	0	5
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	5	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,540	1,215	1,330	25	15	15
Khmer (Cambodian)	420	195	230	0	0	0
Vietnamese	2,125	1,025	1,100	30	15	15
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	575	265	310	555	255	305
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	5	0	0	35	20	15
Fijian	0	0	0	5	0	5
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	20	5	10
Ilocano	30	10	20	15	5	10
Malagasy	95	50	45	0	0	0
Malay	15	5	10	5	5	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	410	185	220	475	215	260
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	1,895	825	1,070	5	0	0
Haitian Creole	90	35	55	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	1,645	715	930	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	165	80	85	0	0	5
Dravidian languages	495	235	255	35	20	15
Kannada	20	10	10	0	0	0
Malayalam	35	20	15	15	10	10
Tamil	405	190	215	15	10	5
Telugu	35	20	15	0	5	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	39,020	19,270	19,745	540	280	260
Albanian	95	40	50	0	0	0
Armenian	255	120	130	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	6,580	3,220	3,360	85	40	45
Baltic languages	25	10	10	0	0	0
Latvian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Lithuanian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Slavic languages	6,560	3,210	3,345	85	40	40
Belarusan	5	0	5	0	0	0
Bosnian	75	40	35	0	0	0
Bulgarian	1,035	510	530	0	0	0
Croatian	90	45	45	5	0	0
Czech	90	50	45	15	5	5
Macedonian	30	15	10	0	0	0
Polish	1,035	495	535	20	15	10
Russian	3,610	1,775	1,835	30	15	15
Serbian	130	65	65	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	25	10	15	5	0	0
Slovak	45	25	20	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	75	30	45	5	0	0
Ukrainian	305	145	160	0	0	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	10	5	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	700	325	370	245	125	115
Afrikaans	0	0	0	10	5	5
Danish	15	5	10	0	0	0
Dutch	80	25	50	10	0	5
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	575	280	295	225	115	105
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	5	5	5	5	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	1,235	610	625	5	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages	6,730	3,355	3,375	100	55	45
Indo-Aryan languages	2,810	1,360	1,450	90	45	40
Bengali	450	220	225	15	5	10
Gujarati	235	110	125	15	10	0
Hindi	235	115	120	15	10	0
Kashmiri	5	5	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	15	5	5	0	0	0
Nepali	25	10	15	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,050	510	540	45	20	25
Sindhi	30	15	15	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	45	30	25	0	0	0
Urdu	715	345	375	10	5	5
Iranian languages	3,910	1,990	1,920	15	10	5
Kurdish	20	15	5	0	0	0
Pashto	85	35	55	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	3,800	1,940	1,865	15	15	5
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	23,425	11,585	11,835	110	50	60
Catalan	10	5	5	0	0	0
Italian	995	450	545	5	0	0
Portuguese	2,165	1,050	1,120	0	0	0
Romanian	4,600	2,270	2,330	5	5	5
Spanish	15,645	7,815	7,835	100	45	50
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	100	35	60	50	25	25
Kartvelian languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Georgian	10	5	0	0	0	0
Korean	335	155	180	25	10	10
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	875	425	450	5	0	0
Akan (Twi)	30	10	15	0	0	0
Bamanankan	35	20	15	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	20	10	10	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	55	25	30	0	0	0
Ga	5	0	5	0	0	0
Ganda	5	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	55	30	25	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	155	75	80	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	45	20	30	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	5	0	0
Swahili	175	85	95	0	0	0
Wolof	160	85	70	0	0	0
Yoruba	5	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	130	60	65	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sign languages	295	160	130	15	10	5
American Sign Language	15	5	10	10	5	5
Quebec Sign Language	110	55	50	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	165	95	70	5	0	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	12,725	6,185	6,550	220	100	120
Chinese languages	12,670	6,145	6,525	215	95	120
Cantonese	5,055	2,440	2,620	155	70	90
Hakka	50	20	30	0	0	0
Mandarin	6,775	3,315	3,465	55	25	30
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	235	105	130	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	160	75	90	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	385	195	190	5	5	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	60	35	25	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	55	30	25	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	300	150	155	10	0	5
Lao	280	140	145	5	0	0
Thai	15	10	10	10	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	510	250	260	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	10	5	10	0	0	0
Turkish	455	225	230	0	0	0
Uyghur	35	15	20	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	225	110	110	10	5	5
Estonian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	5	5	5	0	0	0
Hungarian	210	105	105	10	5	5
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	5	0	0
Multiple responses	45,615	22,305	23,315	830	385	445
English and French	17,560	8,715	8,845	120	60	60
English and non-official language	5,510	2,675	2,835	680	315	370
French and non-official language	17,085	8,180	8,905	5	0	5
English, French and non-official language	5,460	2,730	2,730	15	10	10
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	1,491,970	735,650	756,320	35,555	17,895	17,660
None	1,285,150	631,905	653,245	31,490	15,990	15,500
English	101,945	52,115	49,830	1,250	590	660
French	55,865	27,715	28,150	890	425	470
Non-official language	36,445	17,680	18,765	1,830	845	985
Aboriginal	350	160	190	585	275	315
Non-Aboriginal	36,090	17,515	18,575	1,245	575	675
English and French	5,345	2,725	2,625	20	10	10
English and non-official language	4,345	2,130	2,215	35	15	20
French and non-official language	2,705	1,290	1,415	45	25	25
English, French and non-official language	180	95	85	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	1,216,115	597,030	619,085	28,895	14,325	14,565
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	1,175,710	578,295	597,415	27,975	13,845	14,135
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,561	41,173	30,272	45,804	48,685	43,192
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	1,176,000	578,325	597,670	27,975	13,840	14,130
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,392	35,484	27,371	41,235	43,240	39,353
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	1,061,180	534,280	526,905	26,300	13,005	13,295
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,345	38,759	26,342	43,961	47,135	40,806
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	880,410	398,605	481,805	17,670	8,205	9,465
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,400	6,072	8,212	4,724	4,742	4,708
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	870,700	451,140	419,560	23,940	11,925	12,015
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,773	38,990	28,988	43,341	45,938	40,804
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	1,216,110	597,040	619,075	28,880	14,315	14,565
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,175,195	577,750	597,445	27,920	13,860	14,060
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	44,724	52,318	37,380	53,809	57,649	50,023
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,175,490	577,770	597,720	27,925	13,860	14,065
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,388	41,515	31,432	45,994	48,598	43,429
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,060,705	533,315	527,385	26,255	13,035	13,220
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,376	50,760	33,898	52,102	56,529	47,736
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	880,815	398,750	482,065	17,700	8,290	9,415
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,641	7,914	9,242	7,595	7,499	7,680
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	870,705	450,445	420,260	23,940	11,940	12,005
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,491	49,118	35,388	50,089	53,885	46,314
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	1,216,115	597,035	619,075	28,880	14,315	14,565
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	402,780	220,590	182,190	10,655	5,325	5,330
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	48,921	54,496	43,119	67,699	72,122	64,301
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	58,494	65,839	49,600	70,536	75,141	65,936
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	85.6	89.5	80.2	91.1	92.4	89.7
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	70.3	73.1	66.5	78.7	79.2	78.0
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	14.4	10.5	19.8	8.9	7.6	10.3
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	1,216,110	597,030	619,085	28,895	14,325	14,570
Without total income	40,405	18,735	21,665	920	485	435
With total income	1,175,710	578,295	597,415	27,975	13,840	14,130
Percentage with total income	96.7	96.9	96.5	96.8	96.6	97.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	132,580	56,660	75,925	2,875	1,460	1,415
$10,000 to $19,999	198,855	76,835	122,025	3,350	1,575	1,775
$20,000 to $29,999	171,190	72,770	98,415	3,455	1,605	1,845
$30,000 to $39,999	155,030	73,780	81,250	2,815	1,240	1,575
$40,000 to $49,999	141,170	70,550	70,625	2,545	1,195	1,345
$50,000 to $59,999	105,230	56,930	48,300	2,340	1,115	1,225
$60,000 to $69,999	75,475	43,300	32,175	2,370	1,115	1,255
$70,000 to $79,999	58,980	34,390	24,590	2,095	1,010	1,085
$80,000 to $89,999	39,375	24,190	15,185	1,725	885	840
$90,000 to $99,999	25,995	17,280	8,720	1,340	710	630
$100,000 and over	71,830	51,615	20,215	3,065	1,930	1,135
$100,000 to $149,999	49,495	34,910	14,590	2,325	1,410	910
$150,000 and over	22,330	16,710	5,625	740	520	225
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	1,216,110	597,030	619,085	28,890	14,325	14,565
Without after-tax income	40,115	18,705	21,410	920	485	435
With after-tax income	1,175,995	578,330	597,675	27,975	13,840	14,135
Percentage with after-tax income	96.7	96.9	96.5	96.8	96.6	97.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	139,360	57,985	81,375	2,935	1,485	1,445
$10,000 to $19,999	209,740	82,045	127,705	3,525	1,660	1,860
$20,000 to $29,999	210,315	92,640	117,675	3,860	1,800	2,065
$30,000 to $39,999	203,905	101,770	102,140	3,285	1,480	1,810
$40,000 to $49,999	153,410	82,060	71,345	3,080	1,450	1,630
$50,000 to $59,999	100,930	58,120	42,805	3,045	1,445	1,600
$60,000 to $69,999	64,120	38,370	25,750	2,685	1,305	1,380
$70,000 to $79,999	35,020	22,955	12,060	2,095	1,085	1,010
$80,000 and over	59,210	42,395	16,815	3,475	2,125	1,345
$80,000 to $89,999	19,795	13,645	6,155	1,285	710	580
$90,000 to $99,999	11,440	8,165	3,275	780	490	290
$100,000 and over	27,970	20,585	7,385	1,405	930	480
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	1,216,110	597,030	619,085	28,890	14,325	14,570
Without employment income	345,410	145,890	199,520	4,950	2,400	2,550
With employment income	870,705	451,140	419,560	23,945	11,930	12,015
Percentage with employment income	71.6	75.6	67.8	82.9	83.3	82.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	108,805	56,125	52,680	2,715	1,355	1,360
$5,000 to $9,999	64,140	27,775	36,370	1,605	745	860
$10,000 to $19,999	119,965	51,790	68,180	2,635	1,245	1,390
$20,000 to $29,999	103,860	45,640	58,225	2,275	1,050	1,225
$30,000 to $39,999	105,195	49,375	55,815	2,060	995	1,065
$40,000 to $49,999	91,910	46,825	45,085	1,985	940	1,040
$50,000 to $59,999	71,380	40,195	31,185	1,875	855	1,025
$60,000 to $69,999	54,140	31,865	22,275	1,980	885	1,095
$70,000 to $79,999	46,745	27,495	19,250	1,750	845	905
$80,000 and over	104,555	74,055	30,505	5,065	3,015	2,055
$80,000 to $89,999	29,485	19,570	9,920	1,495	810	680
$90,000 to $99,999	20,195	13,985	6,210	1,135	610	530
$100,000 and over	54,875	40,500	14,375	2,435	1,590	845
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	626,080	...	...	15,215	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	67,165	...	...	84,521	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	57,679	...	...	73,935	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	182,500	...	...	4,900	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	34,138	...	...	42,170	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	30,253	...	...	38,536	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	443,575	...	...	10,315	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	84,760	...	...	110,664	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	71,857	...	...	96,068	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	626,075	...	...	15,215	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	83,950	...	...	98,739	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	68,320	...	...	84,412	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	182,490	...	...	4,920	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	41,980	...	...	50,317	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	34,644	...	...	43,443	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	443,590	...	...	10,295	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	101,216	...	...	121,861	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	82,174	...	...	103,975	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	626,080	...	...	15,215	...	...
Under $5,000	4,980	...	...	225	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	7,130	...	...	155	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	16,275	...	...	290	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	25,145	...	...	555	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	27,990	...	...	670	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	23,095	...	...	480	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	28,800	...	...	510	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	30,390	...	...	505	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	30,030	...	...	510	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	29,155	...	...	455	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	54,405	...	...	910	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	49,125	...	...	965	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	45,080	...	...	935	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	40,015	...	...	960	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	34,790	...	...	860	...	...
$100,000 and over	179,680	...	...	6,220	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	66,765	...	...	1,725	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	42,905	...	...	1,400	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	41,295	...	...	1,850	...	...
$200,000 and over	28,715	...	...	1,250	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	626,080	...	...	15,215	...	...
Under $5,000	5,590	...	...	235	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	7,340	...	...	160	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	16,470	...	...	295	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	26,600	...	...	580	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	31,650	...	...	680	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	28,500	...	...	555	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	37,025	...	...	575	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	37,600	...	...	605	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	36,285	...	...	575	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	35,360	...	...	510	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	65,350	...	...	1,190	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	57,895	...	...	1,185	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	49,645	...	...	1,150	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	41,705	...	...	1,005	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	34,225	...	...	885	...	...
$100,000 and over	114,825	...	...	5,045	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	56,210	...	...	1,840	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	28,050	...	...	1,420	...	...
$150,000 and over	30,565	...	...	1,785	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	431,740	...	...	9,795	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	85,007	...	...	108,816	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	71,994	...	...	94,853	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	174,745	...	...	3,890	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	73,452	...	...	104,425	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	62,505	...	...	90,825	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	180,580	...	...	3,860	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	111,848	...	...	139,567	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	93,178	...	...	119,060	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	67,080	...	...	1,765	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	55,727	...	...	62,816	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	49,822	...	...	58,386	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	431,760	...	...	9,795	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	101,635	...	...	120,618	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	82,396	...	...	102,755	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	174,875	...	...	3,900	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	88,238	...	...	113,004	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	71,583	...	...	95,932	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	180,530	...	...	3,885	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	128,827	...	...	151,228	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	103,249	...	...	127,809	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	67,070	...	...	1,750	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	65,244	...	...	72,156	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	55,477	...	...	64,133	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	217,045	105,995	111,050	6,685	3,505	3,180
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	32,236	35,655	29,206	39,951	36,718	42,449
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	28,888	31,121	26,860	36,618	33,829	39,148
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	216,680	105,120	111,560	6,705	3,630	3,070
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	40,050	43,195	37,087	47,879	46,673	49,305
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	33,223	35,082	31,472	41,460	40,111	43,054
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	1,474,530	729,325	745,205	35,110	17,645	17,470
In the bottom half of the distribution	773,445	372,320	401,125	12,840	6,500	6,340
In the bottom decile	100,920	48,640	52,280	2,530	1,440	1,090
In the second decile	139,560	62,385	77,170	2,705	1,345	1,360
In the third decile	171,100	82,320	88,775	2,315	1,110	1,205
In the fourth decile	181,950	89,435	92,515	2,420	1,145	1,275
In the fifth decile	179,920	89,535	90,385	2,870	1,455	1,415
In the top half of the distribution	701,085	357,005	344,080	22,270	11,145	11,130
In the sixth decile	176,750	89,220	87,530	3,005	1,500	1,505
In the seventh decile	165,875	84,280	81,595	3,535	1,745	1,790
In the eighth decile	148,555	75,895	72,660	4,495	2,200	2,300
In the ninth decile	118,935	60,970	57,965	5,420	2,755	2,670
In the top decile	90,965	46,640	44,325	5,810	2,950	2,860
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	1,473,340	728,760	744,580	0	0	0
0 to 17 years	306,870	157,010	149,855	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	101,145	51,855	49,285	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	922,235	457,300	464,935	0	0	0
65 years and over	244,245	114,455	129,790	0	0	0
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	164,360	74,725	89,640	0	0	0
0 to 17 years	34,335	17,590	16,745	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	10,880	5,530	5,355	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	92,710	43,780	48,930	0	0	0
65 years and over	37,315	13,350	23,965	0	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.2	10.3	12.0	...	...	...
0 to 17 years (%)	11.2	11.2	11.2	...	...	...
0 to 5 years (%)	10.8	10.7	10.9	...	...	...
18 to 64 years (%)	10.1	9.6	10.5	...	...	...
65 years and over (%)	15.3	11.7	18.5	...	...	...
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	91,940	44,025	47,920	0	0	0
0 to 17 years	18,080	9,240	8,830	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	5,825	2,955	2,870	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	62,495	30,995	31,500	0	0	0
65 years and over	11,375	3,785	7,585	0	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.2	6.0	6.4	...	...	...
0 to 17 years (%)	5.9	5.9	5.9	...	...	...
0 to 5 years (%)	5.8	5.7	5.8	...	...	...
18 to 64 years (%)	6.8	6.8	6.8	...	...	...
65 years and over (%)	4.7	3.3	5.8	...	...	...
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	1,474,530	729,320	745,205	35,110	17,640	17,465
Official languages	1,465,990	725,650	740,340	35,010	17,605	17,405
English	761,225	398,540	362,685	34,930	17,570	17,365
French	1,418,005	701,455	716,555	4,910	2,270	2,640
Non-official languages	199,100	96,305	102,795	6,255	2,970	3,285
Aboriginal languages	750	375	375	1,165	535	630
Algonquian languages	100	65	40	40	15	25
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	75	45	35	30	10	15
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	50	40	15	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	10	0	10	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	15	0	10	25	10	15
Eastern Algonquian languages	15	15	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	0	10	10	10
Algonquin	0	10	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	10	10	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	870	400	470
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	10	0	860	395	465
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	10
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	15	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	95	45	50
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	10	0	20	10	10
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	10	15
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	335	185	150
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	330	180	150
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	10	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	405	160	245
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	275	115	160
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	135	50	90
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	65	35	30	50	10	35
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	30	10	25
Inuktitut	50	25	25	20	10	10
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	570	265	300	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	565	265	295	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	10	10	10
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	10	10	10
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Dakota	10	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	195	95	100
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	10	15
Non-Aboriginal languages	198,375	95,960	102,420	5,105	2,440	2,665
Afro-Asiatic languages	26,465	14,085	12,380	70	50	20
Berber languages	2,705	1,425	1,280	0	0	0
Kabyle	1,650	855	800	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	1,065	575	485	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	55	25	30	20	20	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	55	25	25	20	20	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	24,995	13,335	11,660	50	35	20
Amharic	70	30	40	10	0	10
Arabic	24,265	12,955	11,310	30	25	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	630	350	275	15	0	10
Maltese	20	0	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	60	25	30	0	0	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	10	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	95	55	45	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5,135	2,465	2,675	60	35	30
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,080	480	605	0	0	0
Vietnamese	4,070	1,995	2,075	60	30	30
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	2,800	1,065	1,735	1,225	490	730
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	10
Cebuano	150	35	115	115	55	60
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	35	10	30	20	0	15
Ilocano	120	35	80	20	10	15
Malagasy	520	240	280	0	0	0
Malay	120	55	70	35	15	20
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,050	735	1,320	1,095	445	650
Waray-Waray	10	0	0	20	0	15
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	75	40	30	0	10	0
Creole languages	12,125	5,695	6,435	15	0	10
Haitian Creole	530	220	310	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10,905	5,130	5,775	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	800	400	400	15	10	10
Dravidian languages	1,105	530	575	50	25	20
Kannada	50	30	20	0	0	0
Malayalam	85	45	40	10	10	0
Tamil	955	445	505	45	20	20
Telugu	55	35	25	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	125,565	60,525	65,035	3,060	1,540	1,515
Albanian	255	125	130	10	0	0
Armenian	840	410	430	15	10	15
Balto-Slavic languages	13,640	6,610	7,030	375	195	185
Baltic languages	180	70	120	0	0	0
Latvian	25	0	25	10	10	0
Lithuanian	155	65	95	0	0	0
Slavic languages	13,485	6,565	6,925	375	190	180
Belarusan	80	30	45	0	0	0
Bosnian	130	60	75	0	0	0
Bulgarian	1,490	770	720	10	0	10
Croatian	455	245	210	25	20	10
Czech	275	135	140	80	55	25
Macedonian	75	30	40	0	0	0
Polish	3,130	1,475	1,660	50	25	30
Russian	7,210	3,530	3,675	145	65	75
Serbian	265	150	115	10	10	0
Serbo-Croatian	190	85	105	0	0	0
Slovak	225	105	120	15	10	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	275	135	140	30	10	25
Ukrainian	1,385	610	775	40	25	20
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	30	20	10	0	10	0
Celtic languages	90	60	35	20	10	10
Scottish Gaelic	25	15	15	10	10	0
Welsh	20	10	10	10	10	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	45	30	15	10	10	0
Germanic languages	8,815	4,585	4,230	1,360	715	650
Afrikaans	80	35	40	45	25	25
Danish	140	80	60	10	10	0
Dutch	1,010	525	480	155	75	75
Frisian	0	0	10	0	0	0
German	7,285	3,845	3,435	1,125	585	540
Icelandic	20	10	15	0	0	0
Norwegian	40	25	15	30	15	15
Swedish	225	120	105	25	15	15
Vlaams (Flemish)	285	110	170	0	0	0
Yiddish	50	35	15	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0	0	0
Greek	4,450	2,330	2,125	10	10	10
Indo-Iranian languages	12,885	6,540	6,340	315	190	125
Indo-Aryan languages	7,040	3,470	3,570	300	180	120
Bengali	1,015	510	500	20	10	10
Gujarati	775	365	415	50	45	10
Hindi	2,000	975	1,020	170	115	55
Kashmiri	10	0	10	0	0	0
Konkani	30	20	15	0	0	0
Marathi	80	40	40	0	0	0
Nepali	50	20	30	10	10	0
Oriya (Odia)	20	10	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,230	1,125	1,105	150	70	80
Sindhi	95	60	40	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	170	80	90	0	0	0
Urdu	2,440	1,240	1,200	50	25	25
Iranian languages	6,240	3,250	2,995	15	10	0
Kurdish	100	60	45	0	0	0
Pashto	345	200	150	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	5,975	3,110	2,870	15	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	110	60	50	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	89,205	42,175	47,025	1,130	490	635
Catalan	100	70	30	0	0	0
Italian	14,215	7,270	6,945	130	45	85
Portuguese	7,245	3,645	3,600	55	30	30
Romanian	7,585	3,715	3,865	15	0	10
Spanish	64,420	29,685	34,730	975	435	535
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	0	0	0
Japanese	915	480	430	105	55	45
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	730	295	440	70	20	50
Mongolic languages	25	10	10	10	0	0
Mongolian	25	0	10	10	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	6,430	3,085	3,350	65	40	25
Akan (Twi)	120	65	50	0	0	0
Bamanankan	275	130	145	0	0	10
Edo	10	15	0	0	0	0
Ewe	225	110	115	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	335	160	170	0	0	0
Ga	30	10	20	0	0	0
Ganda	10	10	10	0	0	0
Igbo	20	10	10	0	0	0
Lingala	1,030	465	570	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	385	190	195	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	375	165	215	0	0	10
Shona	25	0	20	0	10	0
Swahili	1,130	510	620	15	10	10
Wolof	1,020	550	470	0	0	0
Yoruba	75	30	45	10	10	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	2,335	1,150	1,190	30	10	20
Nilo-Saharan languages	60	25	35	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	60	25	35	0	0	0
Sign languages	1,520	595	930	55	25	35
American Sign Language	155	65	90	40	20	15
Quebec Sign Language	900	295	610	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	530	255	270	15	0	15
Sino-Tibetan languages	17,915	8,390	9,525	305	150	155
Chinese languages	17,845	8,360	9,485	300	145	155
Cantonese	7,995	3,725	4,270	180	105	75
Hakka	145	50	90	0	0	0
Mandarin	10,975	5,005	5,965	185	80	105
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	650	285	365	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	230	80	145	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	760	390	365	10	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	70	35	40	0	0	0
Burmese	10	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	25	20	10	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	40	15	30	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	1,250	600	655	40	25	15
Lao	1,025	520	505	10	0	0
Thai	390	150	235	40	20	15
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	1,140	600	540	20	15	10
Azerbaijani	35	20	15	0	0	0
Turkish	1,035	545	485	10	0	0
Uyghur	55	25	30	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	10	10	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages	1,085	525	560	115	65	50
Estonian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Finnish	100	45	55	45	15	25
Hungarian	975	480	495	75	45	25
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	285	180	100	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	1,474,525	729,325	745,205	35,110	17,640	17,465
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	1,435,165	710,360	724,810	32,955	16,610	16,350
Canadian citizens aged under 18	300,295	154,070	146,225	7,085	3,700	3,390
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	1,134,865	556,285	578,585	25,875	12,910	12,965
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	39,365	18,970	20,395	2,155	1,035	1,120
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	1,474,530	729,325	745,205	35,110	17,645	17,465
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	1,322,090	654,425	667,660	30,260	15,305	14,950
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	147,110	72,100	75,010	4,410	2,075	2,330
Before 1981	34,905	17,945	16,960	1,325	695	630
1981 to 1990	16,725	8,455	8,270	385	200	185
1991 to 2000	25,155	11,970	13,180	530	235	295
2001 to 2010	46,555	22,425	24,130	1,055	480	575
2001 to 2005	21,540	10,420	11,120	330	130	205
2006 to 2010	25,015	12,005	13,015	725	350	375
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	23,775	11,315	12,465	1,115	470	645
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	5,330	2,795	2,535	435	255	185
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	147,110	72,100	75,010	4,410	2,080	2,330
Under 5 years	16,850	8,095	8,755	460	205	255
5 to 14 years	25,150	12,935	12,220	765	375	390
15 to 24 years	27,935	12,855	15,080	915	420	490
25 to 44 years	67,975	33,870	34,105	1,970	935	1,035
45 years and over	9,200	4,355	4,850	310	145	160
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	147,110	72,105	75,005	4,410	2,080	2,330
Americas	34,760	15,800	18,955	700	295	410
Brazil	1,025	500	530	10	10	10
Colombia	5,695	2,520	3,175	15	10	0
El Salvador	970	510	460	10	0	0
Guyana	505	250	255	10	0	10
Haiti	6,845	3,010	3,835	0	0	0
Jamaica	675	300	375	15	0	15
Mexico	2,375	980	1,400	45	20	20
Peru	2,625	1,200	1,430	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	815	415	410	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	4,270	1,840	2,435	560	235	320
Other places of birth in Americas	8,945	4,285	4,665	45	20	30
Europe	45,320	23,560	21,760	1,730	945	785
Bosnia and Herzegovina	180	90	90	10	10	0
Croatia	265	145	125	10	10	0
France	13,145	7,330	5,820	80	50	30
Germany	1,980	965	1,015	440	245	195
Greece	1,475	795	685	0	0	0
Hungary	425	230	190	40	25	20
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	155	90	65	35	25	15
Italy	2,810	1,665	1,150	40	20	15
Netherlands	450	230	220	135	70	65
Poland	1,780	800	980	35	10	15
Portugal	2,420	1,300	1,130	10	10	0
Romania	5,255	2,525	2,725	10	0	10
Russian Federation	1,760	785	975	25	10	20
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	170	70	95	0	0	0
Ukraine	1,465	685	770	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	3,110	1,545	1,565	520	260	250
Other places of birth in Europe	8,475	4,320	4,160	355	215	140
Africa	30,765	16,025	14,740	175	125	50
Algeria	5,700	3,010	2,690	10	0	0
Egypt	2,695	1,500	1,200	0	0	0
Ethiopia	60	25	40	10	10	0
Kenya	165	70	95	10	10	0
Morocco	6,930	3,730	3,200	10	10	0
Nigeria	145	55	90	15	10	0
Somalia	35	15	20	20	15	10
South Africa, Republic of	125	65	60	50	25	25
Other places of birth in Africa	14,905	7,550	7,355	45	35	15
Asia	36,085	16,635	19,455	1,695	675	1,010
Afghanistan	2,685	1,370	1,310	0	0	0
Bangladesh	565	285	280	10	10	10
China^{Census data footnote 59}	9,995	4,015	5,980	230	80	150
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	1,600	805	790	15	10	0
India	2,265	1,150	1,115	110	50	60
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	1,450	780	670	15	10	10
Iraq	395	220	175	0	0	0
Japan	240	50	190	20	10	10
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	580	280	305	50	25	30
Lebanon	2,225	1,195	1,030	0	0	0
Pakistan	1,440	715	725	25	10	15
Philippines	1,995	710	1,280	1,010	385	625
Sri Lanka	685	320	365	15	0	10
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	635	295	335	10	0	0
Taiwan	710	290	420	10	0	0
Viet Nam	3,255	1,515	1,745	60	25	35
Other places of birth in Asia	5,375	2,635	2,740	120	55	70
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	180	80	100	110	40	70
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	23,780	11,315	12,465	1,115	470	640
Americas	6,030	2,825	3,205	85	25	55
Brazil	330	160	175	10	0	10
Colombia	1,655	735	920	0	0	0
Cuba	410	220	185	10	0	10
Haiti	1,055	485	570	0	0	0
Jamaica	15	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	555	240	315	25	10	15
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	480	250	225	35	15	25
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	440	220	225	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	1,085	520	570	0	0	0
Europe	4,510	2,210	2,300	170	85	85
France	1,920	1,035	880	40	20	20
Germany	85	30	50	60	25	35
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	20	10	10	15	10	10
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	330	140	190	10	0	0
Romania	485	200	285	0	0	0
Russian Federation	280	100	180	10	0	10
Ukraine	425	210	215	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	160	95	70	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	805	385	425	35	20	20
Africa	8,270	4,030	4,240	15	10	0
Algeria	1,065	520	545	0	0	0
Cameroon	1,090	525	570	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	385	175	210	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	770	360	410	0	0	0
Egypt	420	190	235	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	10	0	0	0
Morocco	1,170	595	575	0	0	0
Nigeria	60	20	40	10	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	20	15	10	0	0	0
Tunisia	535	280	255	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	2,740	1,350	1,390	10	10	0
Asia	4,935	2,245	2,690	835	345	495
Afghanistan	465	210	260	0	0	0
Bangladesh	40	25	15	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	1,675	725	940	40	20	25
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	20	15	0	0	0	0
India	270	125	145	40	10	25
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	310	140	165	15	10	0
Iraq	25	0	20	0	0	0
Israel	75	50	20	0	0	0
Japan	40	10	35	10	10	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	45	35	10	25	15	10
Lebanon	165	90	80	0	0	0
Nepal	20	0	20	0	0	0
Pakistan	245	100	145	20	10	10
Philippines	305	130	175	635	245	390
Saudi Arabia	40	15	25	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	35	15	20	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	345	200	145	0	0	0
Taiwan	10	0	15	0	0	0
Turkey	65	25	35	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	50	30	15	0	0	0
Viet Nam	240	95	145	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	450	195	250	50	20	30
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	35	10	25	10	10	10
Australia	25	10	15	10	0	10
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	10	0	10	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	1,474,525	729,320	745,205	35,110	17,640	17,470
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	157,025	77,245	79,785	5,055	2,460	2,590
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	123,800	63,105	60,690	5,570	2,735	2,835
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	1,193,705	588,975	604,725	24,490	12,450	12,045
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	114,555	55,280	59,275	3,155	1,420	1,740
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	64,145	33,420	30,730	2,045	990	1,055
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	28,525	18,165	10,360	1,015	565	450
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	35,625	15,255	20,370	1,030	420	605
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	31,355	12,345	19,005	980	340	635
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	17,880	8,915	8,975	125	85	45
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	1,175	605	570	10	10	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	1,474,525	729,320	745,205	35,115	17,645	17,465
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	17,390	8,650	8,745	8,195	3,960	4,230
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	16,315	8,170	8,145	7,925	3,815	4,110
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	9,210	4,595	4,615	6,685	3,315	3,370
Métis	6,860	3,465	3,395	1,015	430	590
Inuk (Inuit)	245	115	130	230	75	150
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	380	155	225	160	85	75
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	695	325	375	105	60	45
Non-Aboriginal identity	1,457,140	720,670	736,465	26,915	13,685	13,235
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	1,474,530	729,320	745,205	35,110	17,645	17,465
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	5,390	2,775	2,615	5,910	2,990	2,920
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,469,135	726,550	742,585	29,200	14,655	14,550
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	1,474,525	729,320	745,205	35,115	17,645	17,470
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	11,620	5,660	5,965	3,740	1,860	1,880
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	11,395	5,545	5,845	3,650	1,810	1,840
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	9,615	4,655	4,955	3,405	1,705	1,695
Métis single ancestry	1,630	815	815	150	65	90
Inuit single ancestry	155	80	75	95	35	55
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	230	115	120	85	50	35
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	195	100	95	30	10	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	30	10	20	55	35	15
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	44,145	20,660	23,490	4,585	2,140	2,440
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	43,540	20,350	23,190	4,325	2,035	2,295
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	38,100	17,735	20,370	3,515	1,680	1,840
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	5,095	2,475	2,620	660	285	375
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	345	145	200	145	70	80
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	600	300	300	260	110	155
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	475	245	230	160	65	105
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	115	50	60	90	40	50
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	20	15	10	10	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	1,418,760	703,005	715,755	26,790	13,645	13,145
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	1,474,530	729,320	745,205	35,115	17,645	17,470
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	138,395	67,695	70,705	3,000	1,345	1,650
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	11,020	5,495	5,525	500	275	225
Chinese	20,895	9,350	11,540	415	170	240
Black	38,930	19,125	19,805	270	120	150
Filipino	3,265	1,390	1,875	1,190	480	710
Latin American	21,855	10,460	11,395	130	75	60
Arab	21,130	11,440	9,690	10	10	10
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	8,240	3,995	4,240	180	80	100
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	5,430	2,820	2,610	30	20	10
Korean	1,030	475	555	70	20	50
Japanese	600	240	360	65	35	30
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	2,175	1,060	1,115	15	10	10
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	3,840	1,850	1,990	120	60	60
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	1,336,130	661,630	674,500	32,110	16,295	15,815
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	1,474,530	729,320	745,205	35,115	17,645	17,470
North American Aboriginal origins	55,765	26,315	29,455	8,320	4,000	4,325
First Nations (North American Indian)	48,525	22,795	25,735	7,255	3,535	3,725
Inuit	655	290	365	390	195	200
Métis	7,415	3,645	3,770	1,020	430	590
Other North American origins	979,105	481,865	497,240	9,335	4,775	4,565
Acadian	6,285	3,020	3,265	165	65	95
American	9,310	4,455	4,855	675	310	365
Canadian	939,575	462,060	477,520	8,635	4,460	4,180
New Brunswicker	180	95	90	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	70	30	45	65	30	35
Nova Scotian	55	25	30	10	0	0
Ontarian	245	110	140	0	0	10
Québécois	37,140	18,830	18,310	85	40	50
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	45	25	25	0	0	0
European origins	578,910	288,265	290,640	24,990	12,525	12,465
British Isles origins	161,030	77,945	83,090	17,525	8,740	8,780
Channel Islander	125	65	55	0	0	0
Cornish	15	0	10	0	0	0
English	52,195	25,595	26,600	9,680	4,850	4,825
Irish	94,425	44,975	49,445	6,930	3,310	3,615
Manx	50	20	30	10	0	10
Scottish	45,670	21,965	23,700	8,290	4,065	4,235
Welsh	2,180	995	1,185	905	425	480
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	7,465	3,445	4,025	1,235	595	640
French origins	378,175	188,590	189,580	5,060	2,455	2,605
Alsatian	210	105	105	0	10	0
Breton	2,270	1,080	1,195	15	10	10
Corsican	120	65	60	0	0	0
French	376,610	187,820	188,785	5,035	2,440	2,600
Western European origins (except French origins)	52,830	26,120	26,705	7,690	3,805	3,885
Austrian	2,255	1,185	1,065	365	180	185
Bavarian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Belgian	12,800	6,435	6,370	175	85	90
Dutch	6,120	2,995	3,120	1,765	815	945
Flemish	280	100	180	10	0	10
Frisian	0	0	0	15	0	15
German	28,635	13,955	14,680	5,575	2,765	2,810
Luxembourger	130	50	75	10	0	0
Swiss	5,840	2,995	2,840	435	265	170
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	20	10	10	30	0	30
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	4,380	2,160	2,215	3,335	1,625	1,710
Danish	1,210	610	600	555	275	280
Finnish	570	290	285	275	135	145
Icelandic	120	60	60	215	125	85
Norwegian	1,295	595	700	1,380	690	690
Swedish	980	485	490	1,100	510	585
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	425	195	230	205	110	95
Eastern European origins	40,155	19,975	20,180	4,495	2,190	2,305
Bulgarian	1,880	985	895	45	15	30
Byelorussian	360	160	200	20	10	0
Czech	910	380	535	180	110	70
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	380	190	190	40	10	30
Estonian	150	75	75	15	15	0
Hungarian	4,185	2,165	2,025	485	250	235
Latvian	170	80	90	50	25	20
Lithuanian	1,120	545	575	35	15	25
Moldovan	950	475	475	0	0	0
Polish	11,965	5,885	6,080	1,140	530	605
Romanian	8,745	4,300	4,445	130	60	75
Russian	6,985	3,490	3,495	820	365	460
Slovak	900	430	465	110	60	55
Ukrainian	7,865	3,900	3,970	2,205	1,055	1,145
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	150	90	55	35	20	20
Southern European origins	79,885	40,600	39,285	1,490	690	795
Albanian	340	185	160	10	0	0
Bosnian	205	105	100	20	15	10
Catalan	100	65	30	0	0	0
Croatian	1,155	570	585	55	25	35
Cypriot	85	30	50	0	0	0
Greek	7,875	4,110	3,765	90	50	40
Italian	47,050	23,950	23,095	915	400	520
Kosovar	25	15	10	0	0	0
Macedonian	145	70	80	15	15	0
Maltese	285	140	145	10	0	0
Montenegrin	50	20	30	0	0	0
Portuguese	11,030	5,535	5,495	70	30	35
Serbian	500	255	245	10	0	0
Sicilian	275	110	160	10	0	10
Slovenian	635	295	335	45	15	30
Spanish	14,630	7,290	7,345	270	140	130
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	500	260	235	30	15	15
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	40	15	20	0	0	0
Other European origins	3,715	1,875	1,840	450	175	280
Basque	460	225	240	20	0	20
Jewish	1,705	870	835	150	50	100
Roma (Gypsy)	50	35	15	10	10	10
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	50	30	25	30	10	20
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	1,470	730	740	250	115	130
Caribbean origins	24,045	11,450	12,595	165	70	95
Antiguan	120	35	85	0	0	0
Bahamian	95	35	60	10	0	0
Barbadian	1,160	605	550	10	0	0
Bermudan	30	20	10	0	0	0
Carib	45	10	35	0	0	0
Cuban	1,565	775	790	15	0	0
Dominican	1,575	680	890	0	0	0
Grenadian	310	125	195	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	175	90	75	0	0	0
Haitian	14,505	6,650	7,855	0	0	0
Jamaican	2,245	1,165	1,080	95	40	50
Kittitian/Nevisian	55	40	10	0	0	0
Martinican	230	115	115	0	0	0
Montserratan	80	45	35	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	80	30	50	0	0	0
St. Lucian	135	75	60	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	1,455	620	830	20	0	15
Vincentian/Grenadinian	570	285	280	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	1,085	600	480	15	10	10
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	455	245	215	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	29,435	14,210	15,220	215	110	105
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	890	390	500	0	0	0
Arawak	20	10	15	0	0	0
Argentinian	725	370	360	35	15	20
Belizean	35	15	20	0	0	0
Bolivian	230	95	130	0	0	0
Brazilian	1,265	645	620	20	10	10
Chilean	3,190	1,535	1,655	25	20	10
Colombian	7,640	3,485	4,155	25	15	10
Costa Rican	175	70	105	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	460	210	245	0	0	0
Guatemalan	1,420	850	570	0	10	0
Guyanese	830	420	410	10	0	10
Hispanic	120	50	75	0	0	0
Honduran	370	185	185	10	0	10
Maya	280	140	140	0	0	0
Mexican	4,355	2,090	2,265	90	50	40
Nicaraguan	360	185	175	0	0	0
Panamanian	325	165	160	10	0	0
Paraguayan	80	40	45	0	0	0
Peruvian	4,210	1,990	2,215	0	0	0
Salvadorean	1,875	1,030	845	0	0	0
Uruguayan	195	85	105	0	0	0
Venezuelan	1,660	765	895	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	775	400	380	0	0	0
African origins	46,825	24,100	22,725	350	165	185
Central and West African origins	11,865	6,065	5,800	60	30	25
Akan	75	30	40	0	0	0
Angolan	95	40	60	0	0	0
Ashanti	30	15	20	0	0	0
Beninese	595	335	265	0	0	0
Burkinabe	405	205	200	0	0	0
Cameroonian	2,915	1,435	1,480	0	0	0
Chadian	50	30	25	0	0	0
Congolese	2,540	1,200	1,340	0	0	0
Edo	10	15	0	0	0	0
Ewe	90	40	50	0	0	0
Gabonese	160	95	65	0	0	0
Gambian	45	30	15	0	0	0
Ghanaian	310	180	130	10	10	10
Guinean	580	345	235	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	1,185	600	580	0	0	0
Liberian	35	15	20	0	0	0
Malian	470	220	250	0	0	0
Malinké	20	10	10	0	0	0
Nigerian	270	140	130	15	10	10
Peulh	180	90	95	0	0	0
Senegalese	1,250	645	600	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	10	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	645	345	300	0	0	0
Wolof	95	55	40	0	0	0
Yoruba	60	30	30	0	10	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	855	500	350	30	20	10
North African origins	24,795	13,130	11,665	35	15	20
Algerian	5,760	3,005	2,755	0	0	0
Berber	3,630	1,860	1,770	10	10	0
Coptic	130	70	55	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	4,635	2,455	2,175	0	0	0
Libyan	105	75	30	0	0	0
Maure	25	0	15	20	0	15
Moroccan	9,260	4,900	4,355	0	0	0
Sudanese	60	35	30	0	0	0
Tunisian	2,180	1,205	975	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	255	150	105	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	4,485	2,165	2,320	125	60	65
Afrikaner	20	0	20	0	0	10
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	150	80	75	0	0	0
Burundian	620	280	340	0	0	0
Djiboutian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Eritrean	125	55	65	0	0	0
Ethiopian	125	65	60	10	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	110	75	35	15	10	10
Malagasy	915	440	475	0	0	0
Mauritian	1,285	585	700	10	10	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	640	320	330	0	0	0
Seychellois	75	40	35	15	10	0
Somali	120	75	40	15	15	10
South African	135	85	50	60	20	35
Tanzanian	35	15	20	0	0	0
Tigrian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ugandan	50	30	20	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	35	15	20	0	10	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	170	90	80	10	0	10
Other African origins	6,460	3,160	3,300	135	60	75
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	560	260	295	0	0	10
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	6,020	2,945	3,075	130	55	75
Asian origins	74,045	35,930	38,110	2,855	1,260	1,595
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	24,595	12,915	11,685	195	110	85
Afghan	4,025	2,095	1,935	0	10	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	4,980	2,600	2,385	15	10	10
Armenian	1,980	990	990	25	15	15
Assyrian	40	25	10	10	0	0
Azerbaijani	35	25	10	0	0	0
Georgian	25	15	15	0	0	0
Hazara	265	130	135	0	0	0
Iranian	2,350	1,260	1,090	20	10	10
Iraqi	590	290	305	10	0	0
Israeli	345	190	150	0	0	0
Jordanian	210	115	95	0	0	0
Kazakh	90	35	55	0	0	0
Kurd	225	135	80	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	10	10	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	45	25	15	0	0	0
Lebanese	6,500	3,410	3,090	60	45	15
Palestinian	995	535	465	0	0	0
Pashtun	75	40	30	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	55	30	20	0	0	0
Syrian	1,870	950	925	0	0	10
Tajik	80	30	40	0	0	0
Tatar	90	35	60	10	0	0
Turk	1,335	730	605	30	15	15
Turkmen	10	10	0	0	0	0
Uighur	30	20	10	0	0	0
Uzbek	45	10	40	20	10	10
Yemeni	95	65	30	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	210	130	80	0	0	10
South Asian origins	12,360	6,210	6,150	460	265	200
Bangladeshi	475	220	250	30	15	0
Bengali	320	175	150	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	8,315	4,165	4,145	315	160	160
Goan	50	25	20	0	0	0
Gujarati	70	40	35	40	40	0
Kashmiri	15	10	10	0	0	0
Nepali	65	30	40	0	10	0
Pakistani	1,935	1,000	940	60	25	30
Punjabi	310	165	145	0	0	0
Sinhalese	40	15	25	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	1,075	540	540	20	20	10
Tamil	110	45	70	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	260	145	110	0	10	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	37,800	17,235	20,565	2,180	890	1,285
Burmese	50	35	20	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	1,635	750	885	0	0	0
Chinese	24,340	10,920	13,425	625	240	380
Filipino	3,855	1,695	2,165	1,330	550	780
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	170	55	115	20	0	15
Japanese	930	385	545	95	50	45
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	1,170	540	630	80	25	55
Laotian	1,300	660	635	0	0	0
Malaysian	85	55	30	45	10	40
Mongolian	160	70	85	10	10	10
Singaporean	10	10	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	490	220	270	0	0	0
Thai	420	145	275	25	10	15
Tibetan	30	20	10	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5,845	2,865	2,980	85	50	40
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	10	0	0
Other Asian origins	255	100	155	25	0	25
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	255	100	160	25	0	25
Oceania origins	360	210	150	170	80	90
Australian	270	165	105	80	35	50
New Zealander	70	40	35	65	30	35
Pacific Islands origins	30	10	15	35	25	10
Fijian	10	10	0	0	0	10
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	20	20	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	15	0	10	10	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	626,075	...	...	15,215	...	...
Owner	437,695	...	...	9,680	...	...
Renter	188,325	...	...	5,005	...	...
Band housing	60	...	...	530	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	626,080	...	...	15,215	...	...
Condominium	71,825	...	...	1,495	...	...
Not condominium	554,250	...	...	13,720	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	626,075	...	...	15,215	...	...
No bedrooms	1,555	...	...	125	...	...
1 bedroom	68,365	...	...	2,515	...	...
2 bedrooms	187,585	...	...	4,290	...	...
3 bedrooms	225,530	...	...	5,065	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	143,040	...	...	3,215	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	626,075	...	...	15,215	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	179,210	...	...	5,160	...	...
5 rooms	104,570	...	...	2,675	...	...
6 rooms	76,955	...	...	2,340	...	...
7 rooms	81,710	...	...	1,755	...	...
8 or more rooms	183,630	...	...	3,285	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	626,075	...	...	15,215	...	...
One person or fewer per room	622,535	...	...	14,970	...	...
More than 1 person per room	3,540	...	...	245	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	626,075	...	...	15,215	...	...
Suitable	610,500	...	...	14,490	...	...
Not suitable	15,575	...	...	725	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	626,080	...	...	15,215	...	...
1960 or before	115,405	...	...	1,315	...	...
1961 to 1980	204,900	...	...	4,625	...	...
1981 to 1990	97,535	...	...	2,330	...	...
1991 to 2000	71,770	...	...	2,625	...	...
2001 to 2005	43,250	...	...	1,045	...	...
2006 to 2010	51,715	...	...	1,435	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	41,505	...	...	1,840	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	626,080	...	...	15,215	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	590,335	...	...	13,315	...	...
Major repairs needed	35,745	...	...	1,900	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	626,075	...	...	15,215	...	...
1 household maintainer	373,965	...	...	9,070	...	...
2 household maintainers	245,560	...	...	5,690	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	6,555	...	...	460	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	626,075	...	...	15,215	...	...
15 to 24 years	15,540	...	...	420	...	...
25 to 34 years	79,315	...	...	2,390	...	...
35 to 44 years	110,520	...	...	2,810	...	...
45 to 54 years	128,960	...	...	3,275	...	...
55 to 64 years	132,545	...	...	3,605	...	...
65 to 74 years	99,625	...	...	1,875	...	...
75 to 84 years	46,840	...	...	680	...	...
85 years and over	12,730	...	...	155	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	620,140	...	...	14,550	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	506,735	...	...	11,865	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	113,410	...	...	2,680	...	...
30% to less than 100%	103,350	...	...	2,345	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	432,870	...	...	9,590	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	64.5	...	...	59.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	12.1	...	...	12.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,063	...	...	1,239	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,119	...	...	1,325	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	264,520	...	...	358,721	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	297,705	...	...	371,716	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	187,810	...	...	5,005	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	7.5	...	...	25.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	32.6	...	...	29.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	721	...	...	967	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	761	...	...	1,038	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	1,216,110	597,040	619,070	28,875	14,310	14,565
No certificate, diploma or degree	240,500	125,500	115,005	4,715	2,635	2,080
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	280,795	132,760	148,035	6,835	3,325	3,505
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	694,815	338,780	356,035	17,335	8,350	8,985
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	208,725	126,040	82,690	3,145	2,450	695
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	149,520	79,005	70,520	1,230	785	445
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	59,200	47,035	12,165	1,915	1,665	255
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	218,735	93,760	124,975	6,120	2,520	3,600
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	44,320	17,840	26,480	825	320	500
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	223,040	101,140	121,900	7,250	3,060	4,195
Bachelor's degree	150,435	65,315	85,115	4,790	1,955	2,835
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	19,830	8,825	10,995	435	175	260
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	5,585	2,805	2,775	190	115	75
Master's degree	41,550	20,705	20,845	1,695	745	955
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	5,645	3,485	2,160	135	65	70
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	802,580	395,325	407,260	21,030	10,190	10,845
No certificate, diploma or degree	106,030	60,915	45,115	2,255	1,400	855
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	163,595	79,360	84,235	4,400	2,065	2,340
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	532,955	255,050	277,910	14,375	6,730	7,650
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	160,740	94,615	66,130	2,400	1,875	520
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	116,555	59,640	56,910	885	560	325
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	44,190	34,975	9,220	1,510	1,320	190
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	157,640	68,055	89,580	4,975	2,020	2,955
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	31,745	12,820	18,925	665	250	410
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	182,830	79,555	103,275	6,340	2,575	3,765
Bachelor's degree	124,195	52,710	71,490	4,190	1,660	2,530
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	15,785	6,505	9,280	380	140	235
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	4,320	1,805	2,510	165	90	75
Master's degree	34,195	16,030	18,160	1,500	625	870
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	4,340	2,505	1,840	110	55	60
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	1,216,110	597,040	619,075	28,880	14,315	14,565
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	521,295	258,255	263,040	11,545	5,960	5,585
Education	48,725	10,340	38,385	1,545	505	1,040
13. Education	48,725	10,340	38,385	1,545	505	1,040
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	25,275	11,320	13,955	525	215	305
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	4,590	3,415	1,175	60	50	10
50. Visual and performing arts	20,685	7,905	12,780	465	170	295
Humanities	34,750	13,045	21,700	840	375	470
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	4,560	845	3,715	90	15	70
23. English language and literature/letters	1,460	440	1,020	215	100	115
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	19,520	7,750	11,775	230	95	135
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	130	65	70	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,200	760	435	70	45	20
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,490	830	660	95	70	25
54. History	2,370	1,280	1,090	120	40	80
55. French language and literature/letters	4,015	1,085	2,935	20	0	20
Social and behavioural sciences and law	60,740	18,335	42,405	2,095	705	1,390
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	570	150	420	60	10	60
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	7,605	2,365	5,235	170	45	125
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	14,305	1,060	13,250	400	30	365
22. Legal professions and studies	11,520	4,145	7,375	290	140	150
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	1,425	270	1,155	45	10	35
42. Psychology	8,905	2,095	6,815	285	80	200
45. Social sciences	16,410	8,255	8,150	845	395	455
Business, management and public administration	165,195	59,420	105,775	3,310	960	2,350
30.16 Accounting and computer science	125	50	75	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	7,040	1,365	5,675	525	125	395
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	158,035	58,010	100,025	2,785	835	1,955
Physical and life sciences and technologies	22,905	12,825	10,080	690	360	330
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	7,035	2,780	4,260	380	195	190
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	4,685	2,870	1,820	95	45	50
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	2,795	1,395	1,400	10	0	10
40. Physical sciences	6,920	4,980	1,940	185	100	80
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,465	810	660	30	20	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	26,945	18,490	8,455	405	200	200
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	22,810	16,625	6,185	285	170	120
25. Library science	1,660	305	1,355	45	0	40
27. Mathematics and statistics	2,140	1,305	830	70	25	45
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	340	250	90	10	10	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	156,640	144,170	12,470	3,575	3,250	325
04. Architecture and related services	4,575	2,605	1,970	90	70	25
14. Engineering	26,640	22,465	4,170	470	365	100
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	29,910	26,860	3,055	520	455	65
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	10	10	0	10
46. Construction trades	35,145	34,180	965	1,210	1,150	55
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	34,930	33,805	1,125	990	955	40
48. Precision production	25,425	24,260	1,165	280	255	20
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	14,485	8,850	5,635	815	465	355
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	11,945	7,220	4,725	125	70	55
03. Natural resources and conservation	2,545	1,630	910	695	395	300
Health and related fields	84,975	14,755	70,220	2,200	515	1,690
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	4,970	2,415	2,555	215	90	125
51. Health professions and related programs	78,705	11,625	67,080	1,945	405	1,545
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,300	720	585	40	25	15
Personal, protective and transportation services	54,060	27,165	26,900	1,330	800	525
12. Personal and culinary services	30,520	7,410	23,110	640	215	425
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	65	60	10	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	340	305	30	10	0	0
43. Security and protective services	11,335	8,785	2,550	225	160	70
49. Transportation and materials moving	11,805	10,600	1,200	455	420	35
Other	125	65	65	0	10	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	130	65	65	10	10	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	802,580	395,325	407,260	21,030	10,190	10,845
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	269,620	140,270	129,350	6,655	3,460	3,195
Education	31,750	6,120	25,635	1,245	380	860
13. Education	31,755	6,120	25,635	1,250	385	865
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	19,410	8,460	10,955	480	200	275
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	3,540	2,540	1,000	55	50	10
50. Visual and performing arts	15,870	5,915	9,950	425	150	270
Humanities	21,850	8,020	13,835	675	300	380
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	3,510	575	2,935	70	20	55
23. English language and literature/letters	1,085	305	775	190	90	100
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	11,080	4,640	6,440	165	65	100
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	85	35	55	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	775	480	290	55	35	20
39. Theology and religious vocations	770	445	320	85	70	15
54. History	1,665	900	760	95	25	70
55. French language and literature/letters	2,885	640	2,245	20	0	15
Social and behavioural sciences and law	48,430	13,695	34,730	1,845	620	1,225
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	460	105	355	55	10	45
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	6,260	1,905	4,350	150	40	110
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	11,840	735	11,105	320	20	300
22. Legal professions and studies	9,175	3,000	6,180	280	130	145
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	920	145	775	40	10	35
42. Psychology	7,055	1,495	5,565	245	70	175
45. Social sciences	12,710	6,305	6,400	755	340	415
Business, management and public administration	132,480	45,785	86,695	2,750	750	1,995
30.16 Accounting and computer science	85	35	55	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	5,575	970	4,610	430	95	340
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	126,815	44,780	82,035	2,315	655	1,660
Physical and life sciences and technologies	15,130	8,095	7,030	615	310	310
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	5,870	2,215	3,650	330	165	165
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	2,520	1,490	1,030	85	40	45
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	540	300	245	10	0	10
40. Physical sciences	5,150	3,540	1,610	165	85	80
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,045	555	490	30	20	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	23,600	16,185	7,415	335	165	170
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	20,525	14,910	5,615	265	150	115
25. Library science	1,310	220	1,090	35	10	25
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,520	880	640	30	0	25
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	250	175	70	10	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	120,420	109,370	11,045	2,815	2,525	285
04. Architecture and related services	3,780	2,120	1,660	75	55	25
14. Engineering	22,370	18,510	3,860	385	295	85
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	23,175	20,485	2,685	415	360	60
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	10	0	15
46. Construction trades	25,660	24,835	820	1,000	940	55
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	26,380	25,385	990	735	695	35
48. Precision production	19,055	18,030	1,025	190	175	15
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	11,780	6,900	4,875	735	405	330
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	9,655	5,565	4,085	115	60	55
03. Natural resources and conservation	2,130	1,330	795	625	350	280
Health and related fields	65,045	10,940	54,100	1,840	435	1,400
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	3,995	1,850	2,145	185	75	115
51. Health professions and related programs	60,055	8,625	51,430	1,620	350	1,275
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	995	470	525	30	15	15
Personal, protective and transportation services	42,970	21,435	21,540	1,040	625	415
12. Personal and culinary services	23,935	5,605	18,330	510	175	330
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	55	50	10	10	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	215	190	25	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	9,015	6,890	2,125	180	125	55
49. Transportation and materials moving	9,755	8,700	1,055	345	320	25
Other	95	45	50	10	10	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	95	45	50	10	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	1,216,110	597,035	619,075	28,880	14,315	14,565
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	521,295	258,260	263,040	11,545	5,960	5,585
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	694,820	338,780	356,035	17,335	8,350	8,985
Location of study inside Canada	645,160	312,940	332,220	14,515	6,955	7,560
Same as province or territory of residence	628,365	303,740	324,625	3,915	1,885	2,030
Different than province or territory of residence	16,790	9,200	7,595	10,600	5,065	5,535
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	49,655	25,845	23,810	2,815	1,400	1,425
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	4,275	2,450	1,820	635	345	285
Philippines	980	315	665	570	210	360
India	835	405	435	105	65	40
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	1,970	1,175	790	265	115	150
China^{Census data footnote 162}	3,000	1,390	1,615	40	15	20
France	8,485	4,980	3,505	65	35	25
Other	30,110	15,125	14,985	1,145	610	535
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	802,580	395,320	407,260	21,035	10,190	10,845
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	269,620	140,270	129,350	6,655	3,460	3,195
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	532,960	255,050	277,910	14,380	6,730	7,650
Location of study inside Canada	493,870	235,615	258,255	12,045	5,585	6,465
Same as province or territory of residence	481,480	229,010	252,470	3,120	1,450	1,665
Different than province or territory of residence	12,395	6,610	5,785	8,925	4,130	4,795
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	39,085	19,430	19,655	2,335	1,145	1,185
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	2,950	1,560	1,395	460	245	215
Philippines	680	205	470	550	205	340
India	515	245	265	85	55	30
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	1,140	640	500	185	90	90
China^{Census data footnote 162}	2,640	1,200	1,440	25	10	20
France	6,510	3,685	2,820	55	30	20
Other	24,655	11,895	12,755	975	505	470
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	1,216,110	597,040	619,075	28,880	14,315	14,565
In the labour force	802,340	415,295	387,045	21,795	11,005	10,795
Employed	754,960	388,835	366,125	19,790	9,765	10,025
Unemployed	47,380	26,460	20,920	2,010	1,240	765
Not in the labour force	413,770	181,745	232,025	7,085	3,310	3,775
Participation rate	66.0	69.6	62.5	75.5	76.9	74.1
Employment rate	62.1	65.1	59.1	68.5	68.2	68.8
Unemployment rate	5.9	6.4	5.4	9.2	11.3	7.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	1,216,115	597,035	619,075	28,880	14,310	14,570
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	385,735	167,330	218,405	5,980	2,790	3,190
Worked	830,380	429,710	400,670	22,900	11,525	11,375
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	411,435	226,515	184,915	10,865	5,465	5,405
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	418,945	203,190	215,755	12,030	6,060	5,975
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.2	43.5	42.9	41.1	40.3	41.9
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	802,340	415,295	387,045	21,800	11,005	10,790
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	15,740	7,800	7,940	395	220	175
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	786,600	407,500	379,105	21,405	10,785	10,615
Employee	690,515	348,960	341,560	18,810	9,165	9,645
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	96,085	58,535	37,545	2,595	1,620	975
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	802,340	415,295	387,045	21,795	11,005	10,795
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	15,745	7,800	7,940	395	220	175
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	786,600	407,495	379,100	21,405	10,790	10,615
0 Management occupations	87,060	55,190	31,870	2,460	1,325	1,135
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	129,730	38,255	91,475	3,465	740	2,725
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	53,440	40,950	12,495	1,385	1,055	330
3 Health occupations	53,300	8,430	44,870	1,230	255	970
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	86,770	23,170	63,600	3,625	1,280	2,345
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	21,955	10,090	11,870	790	345	450
6 Sales and service occupations	179,580	79,375	100,200	3,955	1,660	2,300
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	119,285	112,565	6,715	3,650	3,400	250
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	12,565	9,750	2,815	505	450	50
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	42,920	29,720	13,200	350	285	60
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	802,340	415,295	387,045	21,795	11,005	10,790
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	15,740	7,800	7,945	395	220	175
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	786,600	407,495	379,105	21,405	10,785	10,620
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	18,285	12,330	5,955	245	190	55
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,760	1,400	360	505	440	70
22 Utilities	7,075	4,780	2,290	160	115	50
23 Construction	50,605	44,310	6,295	2,055	1,810	240
31-33 Manufacturing	101,495	71,925	29,570	335	230	105
41 Wholesale trade	35,660	23,640	12,020	325	240	85
44-45 Retail trade	98,435	45,950	52,480	1,975	1,015	960
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	41,040	30,545	10,490	1,060	765	300
51 Information and cultural industries	18,975	10,950	8,020	535	300	235
52 Finance and insurance	34,260	13,075	21,180	305	95	210
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	11,065	6,500	4,570	195	105	90
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	53,815	28,655	25,160	1,295	645	645
55 Management of companies and enterprises	630	230	400	20	10	15
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	30,925	19,090	11,835	565	330	235
61 Educational services	52,425	14,520	37,900	1,630	520	1,115
62 Health care and social assistance	94,045	14,425	79,620	2,070	400	1,670
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	15,470	8,075	7,395	600	285	310
72 Accommodation and food services	46,350	19,900	26,450	1,545	605	940
81 Other services (except public administration)	35,730	16,615	19,115	775	415	355
91 Public administration	38,560	20,575	17,985	5,205	2,280	2,925
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	754,960	388,835	366,120	19,790	9,765	10,025
Worked at home	53,505	26,785	26,720	1,420	770	655
Worked outside Canada	1,890	1,400	490	25	10	20
No fixed workplace address	67,015	51,355	15,660	2,330	1,795	540
Worked at usual place	632,550	309,295	323,255	16,010	7,200	8,815
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	632,545	309,295	323,255	16,010	7,195	8,815
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	187,215	83,720	103,495	13,510	6,025	7,485
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	110,360	51,325	59,035	2,265	1,040	1,225
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	332,975	173,100	159,875	0	0	0
Commute to a different province or territory	1,995	1,145	850	235	135	100
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	699,565	360,650	338,910	18,340	8,990	9,350
Car, truck, van - as a driver	565,455	301,805	263,650	13,990	7,130	6,860
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	24,450	9,445	15,000	1,095	385	710
Public transit	70,600	29,905	40,700	720	315	405
Walked	26,925	11,890	15,040	1,735	645	1,090
Bicycle	6,465	4,645	1,825	470	285	190
Other method	5,660	2,960	2,700	320	225	90
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	699,560	360,650	338,915	18,340	8,985	9,355
Less than 15 minutes	190,605	88,500	102,105	9,735	4,695	5,040
15 to 29 minutes	215,005	108,465	106,540	6,195	3,045	3,150
30 to 44 minutes	148,445	83,350	65,095	1,400	625	770
45 to 59 minutes	76,995	42,905	34,090	465	215	245
60 minutes and over	68,515	37,435	31,085	550	405	150
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	699,565	360,650	338,915	18,340	8,990	9,355
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	57,305	43,580	13,720	520	335	180
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	142,745	87,685	55,055	1,930	1,150	780
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	213,375	97,875	115,500	6,185	3,220	2,965
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	120,610	47,860	72,755	5,785	2,450	3,335
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	61,745	24,545	37,200	1,905	805	1,100
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	103,780	59,100	44,675	2,015	1,020	990
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	851,290	439,615	411,675	23,495	11,810	11,685
Single responses	789,810	407,090	382,720	23,325	11,735	11,595
Official languages	786,390	405,260	381,130	23,230	11,695	11,540
English	80,270	43,515	36,760	22,970	11,600	11,370
French	706,120	361,745	344,375	260	95	165
Non-official languages	3,415	1,830	1,590	95	35	55
Aboriginal languages	15	10	15	25	10	15
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	20	10	15
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	10	10
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	10	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	15	0	10	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	10	0	10	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	3,400	1,830	1,575	70	30	40
Afro-Asiatic languages	120	65	55	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	120	70	55	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	110	65	45	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	0	10	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	0	10	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	150	75	70	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	35	15	15	0	0	0
Vietnamese	115	65	55	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	15	0	10	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	15	0	10	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	15	0	15	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,300	775	525	25	10	15
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	15	0	10	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	120	45	75	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	120	45	70	10	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	15	0	15	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	100	45	60	10	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	70	35	30	20	10	10
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	60	35	25	15	10	10
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	10	0	10	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	40	20	20	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	145	75	65	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	85	30	55	0	0	0
Bengali	15	10	10	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	60	25	40	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	10	0	0	0
Iranian languages	55	45	10	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	60	45	15	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	920	595	325	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	20	15	10	0	0	0
Portuguese	60	25	40	0	0	0
Romanian	30	15	15	0	0	0
Spanish	805	535	265	0	0	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	40	10	30	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	10	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	10	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	40	15	20	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	30	10	25	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,680	860	820	25	15	15
Chinese languages	1,680	865	820	25	15	15
Cantonese	935	480	460	20	15	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	690	345	345	10	0	10
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	15	10	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	40	25	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	10	15	0	0	0
Lao	25	10	10	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	10	0	0	0	0
Turkish	10	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	61,485	32,530	28,955	165	75	90
English and French	58,190	30,870	27,320	75	35	40
English and non-official language	820	455	365	80	35	45
French and non-official language	940	425	520	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	1,535	780	755	10	0	10
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	851,295	439,615	411,675	23,495	11,810	11,685
None	557,395	283,425	273,965	21,950	11,185	10,765
English	233,005	123,885	109,120	210	80	130
French	52,045	27,780	24,270	825	330	500
Non-official language	5,765	3,015	2,750	475	205	275
Aboriginal	80	30	50	175	70	105
Non-Aboriginal	5,685	2,985	2,700	305	135	170
English and French	205	85	115	0	0	0
English and non-official language	2,200	1,055	1,150	0	0	0
French and non-official language	660	350	305	20	10	15
English, French and non-official language	15	10	10	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	1,459,045	721,340	737,705	34,705	17,450	17,250
Non-movers	1,303,950	645,930	658,015	28,875	14,450	14,430
Movers	155,100	75,410	79,690	5,825	3,005	2,825
Non-migrants	74,475	36,060	38,415	3,635	1,895	1,740
Migrants	80,625	39,350	41,270	2,190	1,110	1,085
Internal migrants	75,180	36,480	38,700	1,945	990	955
Intraprovincial migrants	72,755	35,225	37,530	545	265	285
Interprovincial migrants	2,425	1,255	1,170	1,400	725	670
External migrants	5,445	2,870	2,570	250	115	130
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	1,391,245	687,070	704,170	32,990	16,505	16,480
Non-movers	916,100	455,840	460,260	18,040	9,060	8,980
Movers	475,145	231,230	243,915	14,945	7,450	7,495
Non-migrants	219,275	106,605	112,675	8,245	4,195	4,050
Migrants	255,865	124,630	131,240	6,700	3,260	3,445
Internal migrants	232,880	113,460	119,425	5,515	2,675	2,830
Intraprovincial migrants	226,290	110,140	116,150	1,235	590	640
Interprovincial migrants	6,590	3,320	3,270	4,285	2,090	2,195
External migrants	22,990	11,170	11,815	1,190	575	615

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 42 referrer

Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Return to footnote 43 referrer

Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 44 referrer

Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 45 referrer

Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Return to footnote 46 referrer

Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Return to footnote 47 referrer

Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 48 referrer

Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Montérégie [Economic region], Quebec and Yukon [Territory] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 9, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Montérégie [Economic region], Quebec and Yukon [Territory]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Montérégie [Economic region], Quebec and Yukon [Territory]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Montérégie [Economic region], Quebec and Yukon [Territory]