Census Profile, 2016 Census
Laval [Economic region], Quebec and Yukon [Territory]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Laval Quebec [Economic region]			Yukon [Territory]
	Data quality , Laval [Economic region], Quebec Map : Laval [Economic region], Quebec Change geography 1			Data quality : Yukon [Territory] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	422,993	...	...	35,874	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	401,553	...	...	33,897	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	5.3	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	165,686	...	...	17,987	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	160,328	...	...	15,215	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,710.9	...	...	0.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	247.23	...	...	474,712.68	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	422,995	205,510	217,485	35,875	18,075	17,795
0 to 14 years	73,480	37,450	36,035	6,280	3,355	2,920
0 to 4 years	22,415	11,475	10,940	2,135	1,155	985
5 to 9 years	26,385	13,455	12,930	2,120	1,130	995
10 to 14 years	24,680	12,515	12,160	2,020	1,075	945
15 to 64 years	276,920	136,295	140,625	25,340	12,500	12,835
15 to 19 years	25,525	13,075	12,445	1,935	1,000	930
20 to 24 years	26,955	13,550	13,405	1,965	1,035	930
25 to 29 years	23,260	11,520	11,745	2,550	1,245	1,310
30 to 34 years	23,970	11,460	12,515	2,890	1,395	1,495
35 to 39 years	27,190	12,970	14,220	2,590	1,235	1,355
40 to 44 years	28,855	13,965	14,885	2,540	1,170	1,370
45 to 49 years	31,175	15,400	15,775	2,465	1,210	1,245
50 to 54 years	33,630	16,770	16,855	2,880	1,390	1,495
55 to 59 years	31,470	15,635	15,835	2,995	1,505	1,490
60 to 64 years	24,895	11,945	12,950	2,530	1,315	1,220
65 years and over	72,590	31,760	40,825	4,260	2,220	2,040
65 to 69 years	20,610	9,795	10,815	1,845	980	870
70 to 74 years	17,055	7,760	9,295	1,090	605	485
75 to 79 years	13,530	5,960	7,565	645	350	295
80 to 84 years	11,010	4,655	6,360	375	160	215
85 years and over	10,385	3,595	6,795	300	125	175
85 to 89 years	6,890	2,600	4,290	195	90	105
90 to 94 years	2,790	835	1,950	80	30	50
95 to 99 years	610	145	465	20	5	20
100 years and over	95	10	85	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.4	18.2	16.6	17.5	18.6	16.4
15 to 64 years	65.5	66.3	64.7	70.6	69.2	72.1
65 years and over	17.2	15.5	18.8	11.9	12.3	11.5
85 years and over	2.5	1.7	3.1	0.8	0.7	1.0
Average age of the population	41.1	40.0	42.1	39.1	38.8	39.4
Median age of the population	41.9	41.0	42.8	39.5	39.0	39.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	160,325	...	...	15,215	...	...
Single-detached house	75,180	...	...	9,430	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	10,780	...	...	50	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	74,315	...	...	4,550	...	...
Semi-detached house	15,070	...	...	1,160	...	...
Row house	4,790	...	...	950	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	4,775	...	...	605	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	49,345	...	...	1,770	...	...
Other single-attached house	335	...	...	65	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	50	...	...	1,185	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	160,325	...	...	15,215	...	...
1 person	41,915	...	...	4,900	...	...
2 persons	50,365	...	...	5,180	...	...
3 persons	25,905	...	...	2,255	...	...
4 persons	27,180	...	...	1,860	...	...
5 or more persons	14,965	...	...	1,025	...	...
Number of persons in private households	410,850	...	...	35,110	...	...
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	349,510	168,060	181,455	29,595	14,725	14,870
Married or living common law	200,290	100,200	100,090	16,445	8,210	8,235
Married	149,855	75,010	74,845	11,345	5,680	5,670
Living common law	50,440	25,190	25,250	5,095	2,530	2,570
Not married and not living common law	149,220	67,860	81,360	13,150	6,515	6,635
Never married	100,315	53,145	47,170	9,150	4,905	4,245
Separated	5,485	2,245	3,245	845	370	470
Divorced	23,265	8,405	14,860	2,105	975	1,130
Widowed	20,155	4,065	16,090	1,060	265	795
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	117,060	...	...	9,845	...	...
2 persons	52,305	...	...	5,330	...	...
3 persons	25,975	...	...	2,060	...	...
4 persons	27,215	...	...	1,745	...	...
5 or more persons	11,560	...	...	710	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	117,055	...	...	9,845	...	...
Total couple families	96,910	...	...	7,970	...	...
Married couples	71,800	...	...	5,425	...	...
Common-law couples	25,115	...	...	2,545	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	20,145	...	...	1,875	...	...
Female parent	15,710	...	...	1,390	...	...
Male parent	4,435	...	...	480	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	96,915	...	...	7,970	...	...
Couples without children	40,140	...	...	4,130	...	...
Couples with children	56,775	...	...	3,840	...	...
1 child	19,930	...	...	1,575	...	...
2 children	25,705	...	...	1,600	...	...
3 or more children	11,130	...	...	660	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	20,145	...	...	1,875	...	...
1 child	12,165	...	...	1,195	...	...
2 children	6,045	...	...	485	...	...
3 or more children	1,935	...	...	195	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	58,360	26,900	31,460	7,505	3,895	3,610
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	160,330	...	...	15,215	...	...
One-census-family households	111,600	...	...	9,345	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	38,220	...	...	3,915	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	73,375	...	...	5,430	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	2,670	...	...	245	...	...
Non-census-family households	46,065	...	...	5,620	...	...
One-person households	41,920	...	...	4,900	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	4,145	...	...	720	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	417,995	203,310	214,695	35,555	17,895	17,660
English only	21,185	11,080	10,105	30,430	15,530	14,895
French only	144,745	63,360	81,385	85	40	45
English and French	243,630	125,695	117,940	4,900	2,260	2,640
Neither English nor French	8,435	3,170	5,265	140	65	75
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	417,995	203,305	214,695	35,555	17,895	17,660
English	72,525	37,015	35,510	33,720	16,960	16,760
French	300,340	143,750	156,590	1,575	815	755
English and French	36,905	19,465	17,445	125	55	70
Neither English nor French	8,225	3,080	5,150	140	65	75
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	90,980	46,745	44,230	1,635	845	790
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	21.8	23.0	20.6	4.6	4.7	4.5
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	417,995	203,305	214,690	35,560	17,900	17,660
Single responses	398,960	193,715	205,245	34,885	17,555	17,330
Official languages	267,725	129,610	138,115	30,675	15,585	15,095
English	30,295	15,590	14,705	29,105	14,775	14,335
French	237,430	114,020	123,410	1,570	810	755
Non-official languages	131,235	64,105	67,130	4,210	1,970	2,235
Aboriginal languages	20	5	15	675	295	380
Algonquian languages	10	5	5	25	5	20
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	5	5	5	20	5	20
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	0	20	5	20
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	5	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	5	5	5	0
Algonquin	5	5	0	5	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	5	5	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	5	5	560	250	305
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	5	545	245	300
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	10	0	5
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	5	0	80	40	45
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	5	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	170	85	85
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	165	85	85
Tahltan	0	0	0	5	5	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	285	115	165
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	210	90	125
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	70	30	35
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	10	0	5	20	10	15
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	10	5	5
Inuktitut	5	0	10	5	5	5
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	5	5	0	5	0	5
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	5	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	65	25	40
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	5	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	131,215	64,100	67,120	3,530	1,675	1,860
Afro-Asiatic languages	32,140	16,315	15,825	50	25	25
Berber languages	2,240	1,180	1,065	0	0	0
Kabyle	1,175	605	570	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	1,070	565	500	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	20	10	10	10	5	5
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	15	10	10	5	5	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	29,860	15,115	14,740	40	25	20
Amharic	40	20	20	5	0	0
Arabic	29,500	14,945	14,555	35	20	15
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	60	35	30	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	5	5	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	195	95	100	5	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	10	5	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	35	15	15	5	0	5
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	4,105	1,935	2,170	50	30	25
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,670	780	890	0	0	0
Vietnamese	2,430	1,150	1,280	50	25	25
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	690	240	450	990	415	575
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	15	5	15	80	35	45
Fijian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Hiligaynon	10	5	5	40	15	25
Ilocano	30	15	20	35	15	20
Malagasy	60	30	25	0	0	0
Malay	45	15	30	15	5	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	5	5	5	0
Pangasinan	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	505	165	335	805	335	465
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	5	5	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	10	0	5
Creole languages	7,725	3,275	4,445	25	10	15
Haitian Creole	260	120	140	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	7,400	3,120	4,275	15	5	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	65	35	30	15	0	10
Dravidian languages	2,015	960	1,055	55	30	25
Kannada	5	5	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	5	5	0	25	10	15
Tamil	1,995	945	1,050	25	10	10
Telugu	10	5	5	5	5	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	77,290	37,995	39,295	1,715	885	825
Albanian	465	230	230	5	0	5
Armenian	7,815	3,835	3,985	0	0	5
Balto-Slavic languages	4,670	2,145	2,525	295	150	150
Baltic languages	30	15	20	5	5	0
Latvian	10	0	5	0	5	0
Lithuanian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Slavic languages	4,640	2,130	2,505	290	145	145
Belarusan	5	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	120	60	60	5	0	5
Bulgarian	580	280	295	5	0	0
Croatian	360	175	185	5	5	5
Czech	90	35	50	55	30	25
Macedonian	30	15	10	0	0	0
Polish	755	330	435	65	35	30
Russian	2,130	955	1,175	75	35	45
Serbian	155	70	80	5	5	0
Serbo-Croatian	75	40	30	5	5	5
Slovak	55	25	25	5	0	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	70	35	35	15	5	10
Ukrainian	210	100	115	50	25	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	15	15	5	10	5	5
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	5	0
Welsh	0	0	0	5	0	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	5	0	0
Germanic languages	1,010	465	550	945	495	445
Afrikaans	5	5	5	10	5	5
Danish	5	5	0	20	10	5
Dutch	90	50	45	115	50	60
Frisian	0	5	0	0	5	0
German	805	355	450	765	415	355
Icelandic	0	0	0	5	5	0
Norwegian	5	5	0	10	5	5
Swedish	20	15	10	15	10	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	25	10	10	5	0	0
Yiddish	45	20	25	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0	0	0
Greek	13,820	6,875	6,945	10	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages	7,885	4,045	3,840	215	115	100
Indo-Aryan languages	4,330	2,235	2,095	190	100	95
Bengali	460	235	230	25	5	15
Gujarati	450	220	230	20	20	5
Hindi	140	80	60	35	20	15
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	5	5	5	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	80	40	45	0	0	5
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,740	900	840	85	40	45
Sindhi	20	10	10	0	5	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	70	35	35	5	0	5
Urdu	1,365	710	655	20	10	10
Iranian languages	3,530	1,800	1,725	25	20	10
Kurdish	100	60	45	0	0	0
Pashto	145	80	65	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	3,275	1,660	1,615	25	20	5
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	41,615	20,390	21,220	225	105	120
Catalan	15	5	5	5	0	5
Italian	16,540	8,380	8,160	25	15	10
Portuguese	5,170	2,455	2,710	15	5	5
Romanian	6,330	3,070	3,260	10	10	5
Spanish	13,560	6,475	7,080	170	75	95
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Japanese	65	15	45	95	40	55
Kartvelian languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Georgian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Korean	110	35	75	45	10	30
Mongolic languages	20	5	15	0	0	5
Mongolian	20	10	15	5	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	1,385	655	735	25	15	10
Akan (Twi)	100	50	50	0	0	0
Bamanankan	75	30	45	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	5	0	0	0
Ewe	45	25	15	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	105	55	50	0	0	0
Ga	10	5	5	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	5	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	140	65	75	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	100	35	70	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	110	45	60	5	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	120	60	60	0	0	0
Wolof	165	75	90	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	5	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	400	190	205	10	5	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	15	5	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0	0	0
Sign languages	80	40	40	20	10	5
American Sign Language	5	5	0	10	5	5
Quebec Sign Language	45	20	20	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	35	15	20	5	5	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,875	1,310	1,565	350	150	195
Chinese languages	2,860	1,300	1,560	350	155	195
Cantonese	1,045	480	565	225	100	120
Hakka	10	10	0	0	0	5
Mandarin	1,450	645	795	95	40	60
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	225	100	125	15	10	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	100	50	55	15	5	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	10	5	0	0	0
Burmese	5	5	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	1,070	485	585	30	5	25
Lao	1,000	470	530	5	5	5
Thai	70	20	55	25	5	25
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	935	475	460	0	5	0
Azerbaijani	25	10	15	0	0	0
Turkish	900	460	445	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	650	315	335	75	40	35
Estonian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	10	5	10	25	15	10
Hungarian	635	310	320	45	30	20
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	30	15	10	5	0	0
Multiple responses	19,035	9,590	9,445	675	345	330
English and French	4,410	2,255	2,155	220	115	100
English and non-official language	3,260	1,670	1,585	420	210	215
French and non-official language	8,500	4,130	4,365	15	10	10
English, French and non-official language	2,865	1,530	1,340	15	10	10
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	417,995	203,305	214,690	35,560	17,900	17,660
Single responses	379,280	184,345	194,935	34,730	17,510	17,220
Official languages	312,460	152,090	160,370	33,135	16,735	16,400
English	55,310	28,170	27,140	32,270	16,315	15,960
French	257,150	123,920	133,230	860	420	435
Non-official languages	66,820	32,255	34,565	1,600	775	825
Aboriginal languages	10	5	5	75	45	35
Algonquian languages	10	0	5	0	5	5
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	5	0	5	0	0	5
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	5	0	5	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	65	35	35
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	65	35	35
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	15	10	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	20	10	10
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	30	15	15
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	25	15	10
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	5	0	5
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	5	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	5	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	5	5
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	66,810	32,255	34,555	1,520	730	785
Afro-Asiatic languages	15,680	7,795	7,885	30	15	15
Berber languages	685	340	345	0	0	0
Kabyle	450	220	225	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	230	115	120	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	5	0	0	0	5	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	14,990	7,455	7,535	20	10	10
Amharic	20	10	10	5	0	0
Arabic	14,795	7,350	7,445	20	10	10
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	55	35	25	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5	5	5	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	90	45	40	5	0	5
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	5	0	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	5	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,680	1,265	1,420	25	15	15
Khmer (Cambodian)	965	440	525	0	0	0
Vietnamese	1,715	825	890	30	15	15
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	200	90	110	555	255	305
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	5	35	20	15
Fijian	0	0	0	5	0	5
Hiligaynon	10	5	0	20	5	10
Ilocano	15	10	10	15	5	10
Malagasy	10	5	0	0	0	0
Malay	15	5	10	5	5	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	150	70	85	475	215	260
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	2,570	1,015	1,555	5	0	0
Haitian Creole	75	30	45	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	2,465	970	1,500	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	30	10	15	0	0	5
Dravidian languages	1,550	700	850	35	20	15
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	15	10	10
Tamil	1,540	700	845	15	10	5
Telugu	5	0	0	0	5	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	40,010	19,445	20,560	540	280	260
Albanian	290	145	150	0	0	0
Armenian	6,265	3,035	3,230	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,880	1,405	1,475	85	40	45
Baltic languages	10	5	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	2,875	1,400	1,475	85	40	40
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	70	40	30	0	0	0
Bulgarian	460	235	225	0	0	0
Croatian	160	80	85	5	0	0
Czech	35	20	15	15	5	5
Macedonian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Polish	305	135	180	20	15	10
Russian	1,550	755	795	30	15	15
Serbian	85	45	40	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	35	25	10	5	0	0
Slovak	15	5	10	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	10	5	5	0	0
Ukrainian	115	55	55	0	0	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	190	85	100	245	125	115
Afrikaans	0	0	0	10	5	5
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	15	5	10	10	0	5
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	170	75	95	225	115	105
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	5	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	5	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	6,410	3,100	3,310	5	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages	5,690	2,850	2,835	100	55	45
Indo-Aryan languages	3,120	1,565	1,560	90	45	40
Bengali	325	155	170	15	5	10
Gujarati	295	140	155	15	10	0
Hindi	75	40	35	15	10	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	5	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	60	30	30	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,340	685	655	45	20	25
Sindhi	5	5	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	45	25	20	0	0	0
Urdu	965	480	485	10	5	5
Iranian languages	2,555	1,285	1,270	15	10	5
Kurdish	50	35	20	0	0	0
Pashto	110	55	55	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	2,390	1,195	1,200	15	15	5
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	18,280	8,820	9,465	110	50	60
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	2,995	1,405	1,585	5	0	0
Portuguese	2,060	995	1,065	0	0	0
Romanian	4,515	2,230	2,290	5	5	5
Spanish	8,710	4,190	4,525	100	45	50
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Japanese	35	15	20	50	25	25
Kartvelian languages	0	5	0	0	0	0
Georgian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	60	25	30	25	10	10
Mongolic languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
Mongolian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	320	135	190	5	0	0
Akan (Twi)	25	15	15	0	0	0
Bamanankan	5	5	5	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	10	5	5	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	25	10	10	0	0	0
Ga	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	5	0	0	0	0
Lingala	35	10	25	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	25	10	15	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25	10	15	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	5	0	0
Swahili	30	15	10	0	0	0
Wolof	65	25	40	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	5	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	70	20	50	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sign languages	105	50	55	15	10	5
American Sign Language	0	5	0	10	5	5
Quebec Sign Language	45	20	25	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	55	30	30	5	0	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,075	975	1,095	220	100	120
Chinese languages	2,070	970	1,095	215	95	120
Cantonese	655	300	350	155	70	90
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	1,230	585	640	55	25	30
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	120	55	65	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	10	5	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	50	20	25	5	5	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	595	285	310	10	0	5
Lao	560	275	290	5	0	0
Thai	30	15	20	10	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	600	305	295	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	10	5	5	0	0	0
Turkish	580	290	290	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Uralic languages	290	135	155	10	5	5
Estonian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	285	135	150	10	5	5
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	5	0	0
Multiple responses	38,715	18,960	19,760	830	385	445
English and French	6,850	3,465	3,380	120	60	60
English and non-official language	6,505	3,230	3,275	680	315	370
French and non-official language	18,610	8,850	9,760	5	0	5
English, French and non-official language	6,755	3,415	3,340	15	10	10
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	418,000	203,305	214,690	35,555	17,895	17,660
None	302,880	146,520	156,360	31,490	15,990	15,500
English	30,435	15,490	14,950	1,250	590	660
French	30,120	14,745	15,370	890	425	470
Non-official language	42,115	20,465	21,650	1,830	845	985
Aboriginal	10	5	10	585	275	315
Non-Aboriginal	42,105	20,465	21,640	1,245	575	675
English and French	5,175	2,600	2,575	20	10	10
English and non-official language	3,485	1,630	1,855	35	15	20
French and non-official language	3,595	1,760	1,835	45	25	25
English, French and non-official language	185	85	105	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	337,495	163,665	173,825	28,895	14,325	14,565
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	322,565	156,565	166,000	27,975	13,845	14,135
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,789	37,835	30,018	45,804	48,685	43,192
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	322,635	156,575	166,055	27,975	13,840	14,130
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,150	33,129	27,366	41,235	43,240	39,353
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	287,270	142,930	144,340	26,300	13,005	13,295
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,386	36,240	26,844	43,961	47,135	40,806
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	246,000	109,995	136,010	17,670	8,205	9,465
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,020	3,917	7,584	4,724	4,742	4,708
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	239,545	122,645	116,900	23,940	11,925	12,015
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,949	36,321	29,771	43,341	45,938	40,804
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	337,490	163,670	173,825	28,880	14,315	14,565
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	322,765	156,695	166,075	27,920	13,860	14,060
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,879	48,407	37,664	53,809	57,649	50,023
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	322,820	156,700	166,120	27,925	13,860	14,065
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,035	38,643	31,631	45,994	48,598	43,429
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	287,755	143,280	144,480	26,255	13,035	13,220
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,165	47,499	34,884	52,102	56,529	47,736
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	246,120	109,915	136,210	17,700	8,290	9,415
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,103	7,091	8,920	7,595	7,499	7,680
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	239,550	122,770	116,775	23,940	11,940	12,005
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,486	46,221	36,507	50,089	53,885	46,314
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	337,495	163,670	173,825	28,880	14,315	14,565
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	109,375	59,345	50,025	10,655	5,325	5,330
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	48,883	52,914	45,020	67,699	72,122	64,301
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	57,750	62,697	51,881	70,536	75,141	65,936
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	85.6	89.8	80.5	91.1	92.4	89.7
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	71.7	74.5	68.2	78.7	79.2	78.0
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	14.4	10.2	19.5	8.9	7.6	10.3
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	337,495	163,670	173,825	28,895	14,325	14,570
Without total income	14,930	7,100	7,830	920	485	435
With total income	322,560	156,565	166,000	27,975	13,840	14,130
Percentage with total income	95.6	95.7	95.5	96.8	96.6	97.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	42,060	19,205	22,855	2,875	1,460	1,415
$10,000 to $19,999	57,600	23,295	34,305	3,350	1,575	1,775
$20,000 to $29,999	46,450	20,675	25,780	3,455	1,605	1,845
$30,000 to $39,999	40,435	19,315	21,125	2,815	1,240	1,575
$40,000 to $49,999	36,910	17,475	19,430	2,545	1,195	1,345
$50,000 to $59,999	27,505	13,815	13,690	2,340	1,115	1,225
$60,000 to $69,999	19,670	10,535	9,130	2,370	1,115	1,255
$70,000 to $79,999	15,450	8,500	6,955	2,095	1,010	1,085
$80,000 to $89,999	10,705	6,175	4,530	1,725	885	840
$90,000 to $99,999	6,805	4,380	2,425	1,340	710	630
$100,000 and over	18,975	13,190	5,785	3,065	1,930	1,135
$100,000 to $149,999	13,205	8,940	4,260	2,325	1,410	910
$150,000 and over	5,770	4,250	1,520	740	520	225
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	337,495	163,670	173,825	28,890	14,325	14,565
Without after-tax income	14,860	7,090	7,770	920	485	435
With after-tax income	322,630	156,575	166,060	27,975	13,840	14,135
Percentage with after-tax income	95.6	95.7	95.5	96.8	96.6	97.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	43,655	19,555	24,100	2,935	1,485	1,445
$10,000 to $19,999	60,390	24,810	35,575	3,525	1,660	1,860
$20,000 to $29,999	56,465	25,700	30,770	3,860	1,800	2,065
$30,000 to $39,999	53,420	25,830	27,590	3,285	1,480	1,810
$40,000 to $49,999	40,075	20,035	20,035	3,080	1,450	1,630
$50,000 to $59,999	26,495	14,190	12,300	3,045	1,445	1,600
$60,000 to $69,999	17,230	9,665	7,560	2,685	1,305	1,380
$70,000 to $79,999	9,320	5,935	3,385	2,095	1,085	1,010
$80,000 and over	15,590	10,850	4,740	3,475	2,125	1,345
$80,000 to $89,999	5,320	3,505	1,815	1,285	710	580
$90,000 to $99,999	3,105	2,145	965	780	490	290
$100,000 and over	7,170	5,205	1,960	1,405	930	480
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	337,495	163,665	173,825	28,890	14,325	14,570
Without employment income	97,945	41,020	56,925	4,950	2,400	2,550
With employment income	239,545	122,645	116,905	23,945	11,930	12,015
Percentage with employment income	71.0	74.9	67.3	82.9	83.3	82.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	28,815	14,630	14,190	2,715	1,355	1,360
$5,000 to $9,999	18,595	8,395	10,200	1,605	745	860
$10,000 to $19,999	34,815	16,080	18,735	2,635	1,245	1,390
$20,000 to $29,999	29,270	13,615	15,655	2,275	1,050	1,225
$30,000 to $39,999	28,690	13,605	15,085	2,060	995	1,065
$40,000 to $49,999	24,845	11,930	12,910	1,985	940	1,040
$50,000 to $59,999	19,210	10,205	9,005	1,875	855	1,025
$60,000 to $69,999	14,570	8,040	6,530	1,980	885	1,095
$70,000 to $79,999	12,605	7,005	5,600	1,750	845	905
$80,000 and over	28,125	19,130	9,000	5,065	3,015	2,055
$80,000 to $89,999	8,015	5,010	3,005	1,495	810	680
$90,000 to $99,999	5,365	3,620	1,740	1,135	610	530
$100,000 and over	14,750	10,495	4,250	2,435	1,590	845
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	160,325	...	...	15,215	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	70,216	...	...	84,521	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	60,559	...	...	73,935	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	41,920	...	...	4,900	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	35,959	...	...	42,170	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,621	...	...	38,536	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	118,410	...	...	10,315	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	85,924	...	...	110,664	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	73,422	...	...	96,068	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	160,325	...	...	15,215	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	86,322	...	...	98,739	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	70,543	...	...	84,412	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	41,865	...	...	4,920	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	43,802	...	...	50,317	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	35,973	...	...	43,443	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	118,460	...	...	10,295	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	101,350	...	...	121,861	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	82,760	...	...	103,975	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	160,330	...	...	15,215	...	...
Under $5,000	1,605	...	...	225	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	1,565	...	...	155	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	3,400	...	...	290	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	5,565	...	...	555	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	6,405	...	...	670	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	5,620	...	...	480	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	6,770	...	...	510	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	7,230	...	...	505	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	7,350	...	...	510	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	7,495	...	...	455	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	14,065	...	...	910	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	12,835	...	...	965	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	11,725	...	...	935	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	10,465	...	...	960	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	9,125	...	...	860	...	...
$100,000 and over	49,105	...	...	6,220	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	17,790	...	...	1,725	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	11,880	...	...	1,400	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	11,630	...	...	1,850	...	...
$200,000 and over	7,800	...	...	1,250	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	160,330	...	...	15,215	...	...
Under $5,000	1,775	...	...	235	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	1,615	...	...	160	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	3,440	...	...	295	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	5,865	...	...	580	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	7,155	...	...	680	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	6,780	...	...	555	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	8,850	...	...	575	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	9,050	...	...	605	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	8,890	...	...	575	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	8,955	...	...	510	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	16,860	...	...	1,190	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	15,190	...	...	1,185	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	13,040	...	...	1,150	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	11,125	...	...	1,005	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	9,275	...	...	885	...	...
$100,000 and over	32,455	...	...	5,045	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	15,830	...	...	1,840	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	8,110	...	...	1,420	...	...
$150,000 and over	8,515	...	...	1,785	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	115,695	...	...	9,795	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	86,142	...	...	108,816	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	73,570	...	...	94,853	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	37,250	...	...	3,890	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	74,442	...	...	104,425	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	63,225	...	...	90,825	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	56,930	...	...	3,860	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	106,296	...	...	139,567	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	90,025	...	...	119,060	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.0	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	18,830	...	...	1,765	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	59,070	...	...	62,816	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	52,774	...	...	58,386	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	115,685	...	...	9,795	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	101,515	...	...	120,618	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	82,845	...	...	102,755	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	37,280	...	...	3,900	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	88,645	...	...	113,004	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	71,738	...	...	95,932	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	57,065	...	...	3,885	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	121,472	...	...	151,228	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	98,577	...	...	127,809	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	18,665	...	...	1,750	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	68,226	...	...	72,156	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	58,210	...	...	64,133	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	49,795	23,555	26,245	6,685	3,505	3,180
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	34,080	36,669	31,663	39,951	36,718	42,449
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	30,185	31,866	28,712	36,618	33,829	39,148
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	49,680	23,465	26,215	6,705	3,630	3,070
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	42,194	44,948	39,730	47,879	46,673	49,305
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	34,743	36,250	33,394	41,460	40,111	43,054
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	410,845	201,050	209,800	35,110	17,645	17,470
In the bottom half of the distribution	220,075	105,565	114,510	12,840	6,500	6,340
In the bottom decile	27,840	13,540	14,305	2,530	1,440	1,090
In the second decile	40,080	18,395	21,685	2,705	1,345	1,360
In the third decile	50,780	24,290	26,495	2,315	1,110	1,205
In the fourth decile	51,365	24,930	26,435	2,420	1,145	1,275
In the fifth decile	50,005	24,415	25,590	2,870	1,455	1,415
In the top half of the distribution	190,770	95,475	95,290	22,270	11,145	11,130
In the sixth decile	47,690	23,630	24,060	3,005	1,500	1,505
In the seventh decile	44,790	22,300	22,490	3,535	1,745	1,790
In the eighth decile	40,890	20,400	20,490	4,495	2,200	2,300
In the ninth decile	33,375	16,860	16,515	5,420	2,755	2,670
In the top decile	24,030	12,285	11,745	5,810	2,950	2,860
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	410,845	201,045	209,800	0	0	0
0 to 17 years	88,155	45,025	43,135	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	27,480	14,035	13,445	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	260,280	127,370	132,910	0	0	0
65 years and over	62,410	28,650	33,760	0	0	0
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	46,470	21,550	24,920	0	0	0
0 to 17 years	10,840	5,625	5,215	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	3,400	1,765	1,635	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	26,505	12,705	13,795	0	0	0
65 years and over	9,130	3,220	5,905	0	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.3	10.7	11.9	...	...	...
0 to 17 years (%)	12.3	12.5	12.1	...	...	...
0 to 5 years (%)	12.4	12.6	12.2	...	...	...
18 to 64 years (%)	10.2	10.0	10.4	...	...	...
65 years and over (%)	14.6	11.2	17.5	...	...	...
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	34,050	15,995	18,060	0	0	0
0 to 17 years	7,555	3,895	3,660	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	2,360	1,210	1,140	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	21,175	10,480	10,695	0	0	0
65 years and over	5,320	1,620	3,700	0	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	8.3	8.0	8.6	...	...	...
0 to 17 years (%)	8.6	8.7	8.5	...	...	...
0 to 5 years (%)	8.6	8.6	8.5	...	...	...
18 to 64 years (%)	8.1	8.2	8.0	...	...	...
65 years and over (%)	8.5	5.7	11.0	...	...	...
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	410,850	201,045	209,805	35,110	17,640	17,465
Official languages	402,465	197,810	204,655	35,010	17,605	17,405
English	262,550	135,765	126,785	34,930	17,570	17,365
French	381,410	186,690	194,720	4,910	2,270	2,640
Non-official languages	184,525	89,610	94,915	6,255	2,970	3,285
Aboriginal languages	20	10	15	1,165	535	630
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	40	15	25
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	30	10	15
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	10	15
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	10	10	10
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	10	10	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	870	400	470
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	860	395	465
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	10
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	15	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	95	45	50
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	20	10	10
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	10	15
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	335	185	150
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	330	180	150
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	10	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	405	160	245
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	275	115	160
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	135	50	90
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	50	10	35
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	30	10	25
Inuktitut	0	0	0	20	10	10
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	10	10	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	10	10	10
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	10	10	10
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	195	95	100
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	10	0	0	25	10	15
Non-Aboriginal languages	184,500	89,600	94,905	5,105	2,440	2,665
Afro-Asiatic languages	49,025	24,845	24,185	70	50	20
Berber languages	2,695	1,385	1,315	0	0	0
Kabyle	1,530	770	760	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	1,180	625	560	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	10	0	10	20	20	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	10	10	10	20	20	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	47,760	24,215	23,550	50	35	20
Amharic	90	35	50	10	0	10
Arabic	46,970	23,820	23,145	30	25	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	85	50	35	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	10	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	730	375	350	15	0	10
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	45	15	30	0	0	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	75	25	50	10	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	90	45	40	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5,395	2,460	2,940	60	35	30
Khmer (Cambodian)	2,440	1,115	1,325	0	0	0
Vietnamese	3,025	1,380	1,650	60	30	30
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	880	360	515	1,225	490	730
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	10
Cebuano	0	0	10	115	55	60
Fijian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	20	15	10	20	0	15
Ilocano	60	10	50	20	10	15
Malagasy	70	35	35	0	0	0
Malay	85	45	35	35	15	20
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	695	265	425	1,095	445	650
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	20	0	15
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0	10	0
Creole languages	16,745	7,270	9,475	15	0	10
Haitian Creole	605	260	340	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	16,075	6,970	9,100	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	140	80	65	15	10	10
Dravidian languages	2,490	1,185	1,305	50	25	20
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	0	0	10	10	0
Tamil	2,485	1,185	1,305	45	20	20
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	106,840	52,360	54,480	3,060	1,540	1,515
Albanian	480	245	235	10	0	0
Armenian	9,535	4,635	4,900	15	10	15
Balto-Slavic languages	6,770	3,280	3,495	375	195	185
Baltic languages	55	25	35	0	0	0
Latvian	10	10	0	10	10	0
Lithuanian	50	25	25	0	0	0
Slavic languages	6,715	3,255	3,460	375	190	180
Belarusan	35	25	15	0	0	0
Bosnian	165	85	80	0	0	0
Bulgarian	645	310	340	10	0	10
Croatian	515	260	255	25	20	10
Czech	70	40	35	80	55	25
Macedonian	25	15	10	0	0	0
Polish	940	420	520	50	25	30
Russian	3,990	1,980	2,005	145	65	75
Serbian	245	95	140	10	10	0
Serbo-Croatian	170	90	85	0	0	0
Slovak	130	75	55	15	10	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	55	35	20	30	10	25
Ukrainian	425	155	270	40	25	20
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	10	0
Celtic languages	25	10	15	20	10	10
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	10	10	0
Welsh	0	0	0	10	10	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	10	10	0
Germanic languages	2,405	1,125	1,285	1,360	715	650
Afrikaans	0	0	0	45	25	25
Danish	15	10	10	10	10	0
Dutch	160	85	75	155	75	75
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	2,010	940	1,065	1,125	585	540
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	10	0	30	15	15
Swedish	40	40	10	25	15	15
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	10	15	0	0	0
Yiddish	185	70	115	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	30	10	25	0	0	0
Greek	17,630	8,865	8,770	10	10	10
Indo-Iranian languages	9,450	4,790	4,665	315	190	125
Indo-Aryan languages	5,830	2,970	2,860	300	180	120
Bengali	525	280	250	20	10	10
Gujarati	495	220	275	50	45	10
Hindi	1,005	515	495	170	115	55
Kashmiri	10	0	10	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	95	50	45	10	10	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,495	1,250	1,245	150	70	80
Sindhi	15	10	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	150	65	85	0	0	0
Urdu	2,170	1,145	1,025	50	25	25
Iranian languages	4,085	2,030	2,055	15	10	0
Kurdish	185	100	85	0	0	0
Pashto	150	90	60	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	3,780	1,865	1,915	15	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	65	20	45	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	64,165	31,025	33,135	1,130	490	635
Catalan	40	20	20	0	0	0
Italian	25,670	12,775	12,895	130	45	85
Portuguese	7,420	3,735	3,685	55	30	30
Romanian	7,630	3,780	3,850	15	0	10
Spanish	26,865	12,485	14,380	975	435	535
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	55	45	10	0	0	0
Japanese	220	80	140	105	55	45
Kartvelian languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Korean	115	35	75	70	20	50
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	3,035	1,400	1,635	65	40	25
Akan (Twi)	220	100	120	0	0	0
Bamanankan	175	85	90	0	0	10
Edo	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ewe	40	15	25	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	110	50	55	0	0	0
Ga	80	35	45	0	0	0
Ganda	15	10	10	0	0	0
Igbo	40	25	10	0	0	0
Lingala	715	295	425	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	210	85	130	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	165	55	105	0	0	10
Shona	0	0	0	0	10	0
Swahili	325	165	155	15	10	10
Wolof	310	145	165	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	0	10	10	10	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	1,055	515	540	30	10	20
Nilo-Saharan languages	80	35	40	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	75	40	40	0	0	0
Sign languages	350	115	240	55	25	35
American Sign Language	10	0	15	40	20	15
Quebec Sign Language	240	65	175	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	110	45	60	15	0	15
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,650	1,715	1,935	305	150	155
Chinese languages	3,635	1,705	1,925	300	145	155
Cantonese	1,520	725	795	180	105	75
Hakka	0	10	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	2,050	955	1,095	185	80	105
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	350	170	175	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	30	10	20	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	130	45	80	10	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	20	15	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	1,485	720	760	40	25	15
Lao	1,370	680	685	10	0	0
Thai	245	85	160	40	20	15
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	1,940	925	1,020	20	15	10
Azerbaijani	25	0	20	0	0	0
Turkish	1,910	925	995	10	0	0
Uyghur	10	0	10	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	10	10	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	840	445	395	115	65	50
Estonian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	45	15	25
Hungarian	820	440	385	75	45	25
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	105	70	35	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	410,850	201,045	209,800	35,110	17,640	17,465
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	386,705	189,540	197,175	32,955	16,610	16,350
Canadian citizens aged under 18	83,660	42,700	40,955	7,085	3,700	3,390
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	303,050	146,840	156,215	25,875	12,910	12,965
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	24,140	11,510	12,630	2,155	1,035	1,120
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	410,850	201,050	209,800	35,110	17,645	17,465
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	291,635	142,920	148,720	30,260	15,305	14,950
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	116,935	57,005	59,930	4,410	2,075	2,330
Before 1981	27,280	13,590	13,695	1,325	695	630
1981 to 1990	17,690	8,685	9,000	385	200	185
1991 to 2000	23,015	11,240	11,770	530	235	295
2001 to 2010	33,810	16,360	17,450	1,055	480	575
2001 to 2005	16,885	8,275	8,615	330	130	205
2006 to 2010	16,920	8,085	8,840	725	350	375
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	15,140	7,125	8,015	1,115	470	645
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	2,275	1,130	1,150	435	255	185
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	116,935	57,005	59,930	4,410	2,080	2,330
Under 5 years	11,820	5,800	6,020	460	205	255
5 to 14 years	20,430	10,125	10,310	765	375	390
15 to 24 years	25,430	11,565	13,865	915	420	490
25 to 44 years	51,195	25,925	25,270	1,970	935	1,035
45 years and over	8,060	3,590	4,475	310	145	160
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	116,935	57,000	59,930	4,410	2,080	2,330
Americas	24,550	11,015	13,535	700	295	410
Brazil	475	250	225	10	10	10
Colombia	1,950	870	1,085	15	10	0
El Salvador	1,540	745	795	10	0	0
Guyana	80	40	40	10	0	10
Haiti	12,015	5,140	6,880	0	0	0
Jamaica	165	65	100	15	0	15
Mexico	1,140	540	595	45	20	20
Peru	1,305	585	725	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	155	60	90	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	1,275	600	675	560	235	320
Other places of birth in Americas	4,445	2,120	2,325	45	20	30
Europe	30,795	15,495	15,305	1,730	945	785
Bosnia and Herzegovina	195	80	115	10	10	0
Croatia	280	140	135	10	10	0
France	3,325	1,715	1,610	80	50	30
Germany	545	240	305	440	245	195
Greece	5,940	2,920	3,020	0	0	0
Hungary	290	150	145	40	25	20
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	25	25	0	35	25	15
Italy	5,690	3,030	2,655	40	20	15
Netherlands	40	30	10	135	70	65
Poland	570	250	320	35	10	15
Portugal	3,145	1,550	1,595	10	10	0
Romania	5,255	2,625	2,630	10	0	10
Russian Federation	800	380	420	25	10	20
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	130	65	65	0	0	0
Ukraine	450	185	265	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	320	165	155	520	260	250
Other places of birth in Europe	3,795	1,940	1,855	355	215	140
Africa	23,810	12,015	11,795	175	125	50
Algeria	6,530	3,330	3,200	10	0	0
Egypt	2,690	1,430	1,265	0	0	0
Ethiopia	65	35	30	10	10	0
Kenya	50	20	30	10	10	0
Morocco	7,880	3,965	3,910	10	10	0
Nigeria	95	60	35	15	10	0
Somalia	10	0	10	20	15	10
South Africa, Republic of	40	25	20	50	25	25
Other places of birth in Africa	6,450	3,150	3,300	45	35	15
Asia	37,710	18,445	19,265	1,695	675	1,010
Afghanistan	2,000	980	1,015	0	0	0
Bangladesh	320	170	150	10	10	10
China^{Census data footnote 59}	1,840	655	1,180	230	80	150
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	115	65	45	15	10	0
India	1,810	910	905	110	50	60
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	820	410	410	15	10	10
Iraq	615	340	275	0	0	0
Japan	60	0	55	20	10	10
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	110	60	50	50	25	30
Lebanon	12,420	6,470	5,950	0	0	0
Pakistan	1,300	705	600	25	10	15
Philippines	610	235	375	1,010	385	625
Sri Lanka	1,575	800	775	15	0	10
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	5,465	2,645	2,820	10	0	0
Taiwan	85	40	40	10	0	0
Viet Nam	2,035	895	1,145	60	25	35
Other places of birth in Asia	6,525	3,055	3,470	120	55	70
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	60	35	30	110	40	70
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	15,140	7,125	8,015	1,115	470	640
Americas	3,975	1,840	2,145	85	25	55
Brazil	130	70	60	10	0	10
Colombia	515	250	265	0	0	0
Cuba	150	60	90	10	0	10
Haiti	2,050	905	1,145	0	0	0
Jamaica	10	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	310	160	150	25	10	15
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	260	130	130	35	15	25
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	130	60	70	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	425	200	230	0	0	0
Europe	1,750	820	935	170	85	85
France	300	145	155	40	20	20
Germany	35	15	20	60	25	35
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	15	10	10
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	310	140	170	10	0	0
Romania	455	195	265	0	0	0
Russian Federation	60	30	25	10	0	10
Ukraine	120	35	90	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	20	20	0	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	445	240	205	35	20	20
Africa	4,035	1,955	2,080	15	10	0
Algeria	700	340	365	0	0	0
Cameroon	435	200	230	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	210	115	90	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	145	75	65	0	0	0
Egypt	495	240	250	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	870	420	450	0	0	0
Nigeria	10	10	10	10	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	475	220	255	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	700	330	370	10	10	0
Asia	5,365	2,505	2,860	835	345	495
Afghanistan	360	170	190	0	0	0
Bangladesh	15	0	10	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	290	110	185	40	20	25
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	205	90	120	40	10	25
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	55	35	20	15	10	0
Iraq	235	130	105	0	0	0
Israel	15	10	10	0	0	0
Japan	10	0	10	10	10	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	35	30	10	25	15	10
Lebanon	1,135	560	570	0	0	0
Nepal	10	10	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	240	115	135	20	10	10
Philippines	90	35	55	635	245	390
Saudi Arabia	35	10	25	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	125	60	65	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	2,040	980	1,065	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	55	30	25	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	30	20	10	0	0	0
Viet Nam	45	10	35	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	340	115	225	50	20	30
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	10	10	0	10	10	10
Australia	10	0	0	10	0	10
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	410,845	201,045	209,800	35,110	17,640	17,470
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	120,520	58,810	61,705	5,055	2,460	2,590
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	90,385	45,760	44,630	5,570	2,735	2,835
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	199,945	96,475	103,465	24,490	12,450	12,045
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	91,570	44,320	47,245	3,155	1,420	1,740
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	46,880	24,550	22,330	2,045	990	1,055
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	20,060	13,035	7,025	1,015	565	450
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	26,825	11,515	15,310	1,030	420	605
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	25,410	9,710	15,700	980	340	635
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	18,295	9,600	8,695	125	85	45
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	985	470	520	10	10	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	410,845	201,050	209,800	35,115	17,645	17,465
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	2,530	1,160	1,365	8,195	3,960	4,230
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	2,345	1,080	1,265	7,925	3,815	4,110
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	1,145	530	615	6,685	3,315	3,370
Métis	1,175	540	630	1,015	430	590
Inuk (Inuit)	30	10	15	230	75	150
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	65	35	30	160	85	75
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	115	50	70	105	60	45
Non-Aboriginal identity	408,320	199,885	208,435	26,915	13,685	13,235
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	410,845	201,045	209,800	35,110	17,645	17,465
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	575	260	315	5,910	2,990	2,920
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	410,270	200,790	209,480	29,200	14,655	14,550
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	410,850	201,050	209,805	35,115	17,645	17,470
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	1,360	605	755	3,740	1,860	1,880
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	1,350	595	755	3,650	1,810	1,840
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	1,120	500	615	3,405	1,705	1,695
Métis single ancestry	215	90	125	150	65	90
Inuit single ancestry	15	0	15	95	35	55
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	10	10	10	85	50	35
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	10	10	0	30	10	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	55	35	15
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	6,900	3,120	3,780	4,585	2,140	2,440
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	6,815	3,070	3,750	4,325	2,035	2,295
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	5,935	2,690	3,250	3,515	1,680	1,840
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	810	335	475	660	285	375
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	75	40	30	145	70	80
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	85	55	30	260	110	155
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	80	55	25	160	65	105
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	90	40	50
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	10	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	402,585	197,325	205,260	26,790	13,645	13,145
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	410,850	201,050	209,800	35,115	17,645	17,470
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	107,255	52,260	54,995	3,000	1,345	1,650
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	8,800	4,480	4,315	500	275	225
Chinese	3,870	1,770	2,105	415	170	240
Black	32,095	14,875	17,220	270	120	150
Filipino	985	440	545	1,190	480	710
Latin American	12,660	6,205	6,450	130	75	60
Arab	33,695	17,335	16,360	10	10	10
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	7,625	3,610	4,020	180	80	100
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	4,365	2,120	2,250	30	20	10
Korean	210	115	100	70	20	50
Japanese	125	35	95	65	35	30
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	530	225	300	15	10	10
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	2,290	1,060	1,235	120	60	60
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	303,590	148,790	154,810	32,110	16,295	15,815
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	410,850	201,050	209,800	35,115	17,645	17,470
North American Aboriginal origins	8,260	3,720	4,540	8,320	4,000	4,325
First Nations (North American Indian)	7,150	3,250	3,900	7,255	3,535	3,725
Inuit	100	50	45	390	195	200
Métis	1,115	480	630	1,020	430	590
Other North American origins	157,735	75,890	81,845	9,335	4,775	4,565
Acadian	1,075	470	605	165	65	95
American	1,460	610	850	675	310	365
Canadian	148,990	71,570	77,420	8,635	4,460	4,180
New Brunswicker	50	30	20	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	10	10	10	65	30	35
Nova Scotian	15	10	0	10	0	0
Ontarian	45	15	30	0	0	10
Québécois	8,180	4,135	4,045	85	40	50
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	15	10	10	0	0	0
European origins	170,170	84,380	85,790	24,990	12,525	12,465
British Isles origins	24,160	11,655	12,505	17,525	8,740	8,780
Channel Islander	60	25	25	0	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0	0	0
English	6,395	3,215	3,185	9,680	4,850	4,825
Irish	15,010	6,995	8,010	6,930	3,310	3,615
Manx	0	0	0	10	0	10
Scottish	5,985	2,890	3,100	8,290	4,065	4,235
Welsh	185	100	85	905	425	480
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	975	450	525	1,235	595	640
French origins	69,200	33,850	35,345	5,060	2,455	2,605
Alsatian	75	25	50	0	10	0
Breton	340	130	215	15	10	10
Corsican	80	45	30	0	0	0
French	68,905	33,750	35,155	5,035	2,440	2,600
Western European origins (except French origins)	10,110	4,710	5,400	7,690	3,805	3,885
Austrian	650	305	350	365	180	185
Bavarian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Belgian	2,760	1,275	1,490	175	85	90
Dutch	635	330	305	1,765	815	945
Flemish	50	20	30	10	0	10
Frisian	0	0	0	15	0	15
German	5,735	2,655	3,080	5,575	2,765	2,810
Luxembourger	25	15	10	10	0	0
Swiss	775	345	435	435	265	170
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	10	0	0	30	0	30
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	610	330	275	3,335	1,625	1,710
Danish	150	90	60	555	275	280
Finnish	85	35	50	275	135	145
Icelandic	10	0	0	215	125	85
Norwegian	115	45	65	1,380	690	690
Swedish	265	160	105	1,100	510	585
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	40	25	15	205	110	95
Eastern European origins	18,580	9,140	9,440	4,495	2,190	2,305
Bulgarian	755	360	395	45	15	30
Byelorussian	210	130	75	20	10	0
Czech	240	95	145	180	110	70
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	150	100	45	40	10	30
Estonian	25	15	10	15	15	0
Hungarian	1,875	980	895	485	250	235
Latvian	50	10	35	50	25	20
Lithuanian	290	150	135	35	15	25
Moldovan	880	415	465	0	0	0
Polish	3,765	1,825	1,940	1,140	530	605
Romanian	7,575	3,765	3,805	130	60	75
Russian	3,130	1,450	1,685	820	365	460
Slovak	335	190	145	110	60	55
Ukrainian	2,290	1,140	1,150	2,205	1,055	1,145
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	35	10	25	35	20	20
Southern European origins	75,550	38,305	37,245	1,490	690	795
Albanian	570	290	280	10	0	0
Bosnian	195	100	95	20	15	10
Catalan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Croatian	820	400	420	55	25	35
Cypriot	105	50	55	0	0	0
Greek	20,385	10,485	9,895	90	50	40
Italian	40,580	20,620	19,960	915	400	520
Kosovar	35	15	15	0	0	0
Macedonian	45	25	20	15	15	0
Maltese	30	20	10	10	0	0
Montenegrin	70	40	30	0	0	0
Portuguese	9,805	5,035	4,770	70	30	35
Serbian	360	165	195	10	0	0
Sicilian	95	55	45	10	0	10
Slovenian	160	90	70	45	15	30
Spanish	6,485	3,150	3,335	270	140	130
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	205	115	90	30	15	15
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	50	25	25	0	0	0
Other European origins	1,595	785	810	450	175	280
Basque	190	85	100	20	0	20
Jewish	980	495	480	150	50	100
Roma (Gypsy)	50	15	30	10	10	10
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	20	0	15	30	10	20
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	360	185	175	250	115	130
Caribbean origins	24,720	11,245	13,475	165	70	95
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	20	0	10	10	0	0
Barbadian	265	125	140	10	0	0
Bermudan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carib	20	10	0	0	0	0
Cuban	765	365	400	15	0	0
Dominican	950	435	515	0	0	0
Grenadian	75	30	45	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	75	40	35	0	0	0
Haitian	21,610	9,755	11,855	0	0	0
Jamaican	685	345	340	95	40	50
Kittitian/Nevisian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Martinican	130	50	85	0	0	0
Montserratan	25	20	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	55	30	25	0	0	0
St. Lucian	90	40	55	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	285	130	160	20	0	15
Vincentian/Grenadinian	130	45	85	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	345	130	220	15	10	10
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	155	85	70	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	14,905	7,200	7,705	215	110	105
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	390	150	245	0	0	0
Arawak	10	10	10	0	0	0
Argentinian	460	220	230	35	15	20
Belizean	15	10	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	135	95	40	0	0	0
Brazilian	470	240	230	20	10	10
Chilean	1,315	635	685	25	20	10
Colombian	2,620	1,205	1,405	25	15	10
Costa Rican	90	25	65	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	180	85	90	0	0	0
Guatemalan	1,200	595	600	0	10	0
Guyanese	115	70	40	10	0	10
Hispanic	110	45	60	0	0	0
Honduran	415	220	195	10	0	10
Maya	130	65	75	0	0	0
Mexican	1,940	1,020	915	90	50	40
Nicaraguan	220	75	150	0	0	0
Panamanian	95	55	45	10	0	0
Paraguayan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Peruvian	2,040	955	1,095	0	0	0
Salvadorean	2,745	1,335	1,410	0	0	0
Uruguayan	215	120	100	0	0	0
Venezuelan	655	295	365	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	495	240	255	0	0	0
African origins	37,140	18,675	18,465	350	165	185
Central and West African origins	5,245	2,595	2,650	60	30	25
Akan	45	30	20	0	0	0
Angolan	60	30	25	0	0	0
Ashanti	20	15	0	0	0	0
Beninese	265	155	110	0	0	0
Burkinabe	55	35	25	0	0	0
Cameroonian	1,250	605	645	0	0	0
Chadian	75	20	55	0	0	0
Congolese	1,250	585	660	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	15	10	10	0	0	0
Gabonese	55	20	35	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	265	135	130	10	10	10
Guinean	210	75	135	0	0	0
Ibo	30	25	10	0	0	0
Ivorian	450	230	225	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	175	95	80	0	0	0
Malinké	75	40	35	0	0	0
Nigerian	230	145	85	15	10	10
Peulh	100	65	35	0	0	0
Senegalese	385	190	200	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	20	15	10	0	0	0
Togolese	260	145	115	0	0	0
Wolof	55	25	30	0	0	0
Yoruba	20	10	10	0	10	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	420	230	195	30	20	10
North African origins	26,800	13,630	13,165	35	15	20
Algerian	6,540	3,240	3,300	0	0	0
Berber	3,730	1,960	1,770	10	10	0
Coptic	130	70	60	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	3,855	1,965	1,885	0	0	0
Libyan	55	20	30	0	0	0
Maure	40	20	20	20	0	15
Moroccan	11,175	5,660	5,515	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	2,105	1,085	1,020	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	360	185	170	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	1,510	730	780	125	60	65
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	10
Amhara	20	10	10	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	115	70	45	0	0	0
Burundian	300	140	155	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	45	20	20	0	0	0
Ethiopian	115	60	55	10	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	50	15	30	15	10	10
Malagasy	130	65	65	0	0	0
Mauritian	215	115	105	10	10	0
Oromo	10	0	10	0	0	0
Rwandan	325	155	165	0	0	0
Seychellois	180	75	105	15	10	0
Somali	25	0	15	15	15	10
South African	35	10	25	60	20	35
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	10	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	10	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	0	0	0	10	0	10
Other African origins	3,885	1,850	2,035	135	60	75
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	290	155	135	0	0	10
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	3,615	1,705	1,905	130	55	75
Asian origins	69,820	34,695	35,130	2,855	1,260	1,595
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	46,780	23,720	23,060	195	110	85
Afghan	2,810	1,415	1,395	0	10	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	5,850	3,015	2,835	15	10	10
Armenian	10,370	5,140	5,230	25	15	15
Assyrian	110	55	55	10	0	0
Azerbaijani	15	10	10	0	0	0
Georgian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	80	35	40	0	0	0
Iranian	1,185	555	625	20	10	10
Iraqi	715	380	335	10	0	0
Israeli	250	145	105	0	0	0
Jordanian	80	50	35	0	0	0
Kazakh	20	15	0	0	0	0
Kurd	230	120	110	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	15	10	10	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	19,675	10,165	9,510	60	45	15
Palestinian	780	405	380	0	0	0
Pashtun	55	30	25	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	6,335	3,130	3,205	0	0	10
Tajik	130	65	65	0	0	0
Tatar	65	35	35	10	0	0
Turk	2,290	1,180	1,110	30	15	15
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	35	15	20	0	0	0
Uzbek	15	10	10	20	10	10
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	170	95	80	0	0	10
South Asian origins	8,935	4,455	4,485	460	265	200
Bangladeshi	350	180	165	30	15	0
Bengali	185	100	85	0	0	0
Bhutanese	50	30	20	0	0	0
East Indian	3,945	1,965	1,980	315	160	160
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	40	40	0
Kashmiri	20	0	10	0	0	0
Nepali	70	35	35	0	10	0
Pakistani	1,565	820	745	60	25	30
Punjabi	505	260	245	0	0	0
Sinhalese	10	0	10	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	2,175	1,040	1,135	20	20	10
Tamil	435	225	205	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	245	135	110	0	10	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	14,510	6,655	7,860	2,180	890	1,285
Burmese	20	15	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	3,045	1,380	1,665	0	0	0
Chinese	6,370	2,855	3,510	625	240	380
Filipino	1,130	485	645	1,330	550	780
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	55	25	25	20	0	15
Japanese	260	70	185	95	50	45
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	220	115	105	80	25	55
Laotian	1,595	820	775	0	0	0
Malaysian	45	15	30	45	10	40
Mongolian	60	30	30	10	10	10
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	50	20	30	0	0	0
Thai	325	140	190	25	10	15
Tibetan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Vietnamese	3,755	1,795	1,960	85	50	40
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	15	0	10	10	0	0
Other Asian origins	60	45	20	25	0	25
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	60	40	20	25	0	25
Oceania origins	120	60	60	170	80	90
Australian	65	25	40	80	35	50
New Zealander	20	10	10	65	30	35
Pacific Islands origins	40	30	10	35	25	10
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Hawaiian	20	15	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	20	20	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	20	10	10	0	0	0
Samoan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	10	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	160,325	...	...	15,215	...	...
Owner	111,285	...	...	9,680	...	...
Renter	49,045	...	...	5,005	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	530	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	160,330	...	...	15,215	...	...
Condominium	24,570	...	...	1,495	...	...
Not condominium	135,765	...	...	13,720	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	160,330	...	...	15,215	...	...
No bedrooms	535	...	...	125	...	...
1 bedroom	17,140	...	...	2,515	...	...
2 bedrooms	48,305	...	...	4,290	...	...
3 bedrooms	62,715	...	...	5,065	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	31,635	...	...	3,215	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	160,330	...	...	15,215	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	50,400	...	...	5,160	...	...
5 rooms	26,785	...	...	2,675	...	...
6 rooms	21,360	...	...	2,340	...	...
7 rooms	21,595	...	...	1,755	...	...
8 or more rooms	40,200	...	...	3,285	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.0	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	160,330	...	...	15,215	...	...
One person or fewer per room	157,725	...	...	14,970	...	...
More than 1 person per room	2,600	...	...	245	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	160,330	...	...	15,215	...	...
Suitable	152,085	...	...	14,490	...	...
Not suitable	8,240	...	...	725	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	160,330	...	...	15,215	...	...
1960 or before	24,540	...	...	1,315	...	...
1961 to 1980	55,660	...	...	4,625	...	...
1981 to 1990	27,795	...	...	2,330	...	...
1991 to 2000	19,285	...	...	2,625	...	...
2001 to 2005	11,730	...	...	1,045	...	...
2006 to 2010	12,780	...	...	1,435	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	8,540	...	...	1,840	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	160,330	...	...	15,215	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	152,100	...	...	13,315	...	...
Major repairs needed	8,230	...	...	1,900	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	160,330	...	...	15,215	...	...
1 household maintainer	91,220	...	...	9,070	...	...
2 household maintainers	65,920	...	...	5,690	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	3,185	...	...	460	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	160,325	...	...	15,215	...	...
15 to 24 years	2,585	...	...	420	...	...
25 to 34 years	18,125	...	...	2,390	...	...
35 to 44 years	29,520	...	...	2,810	...	...
45 to 54 years	37,390	...	...	3,275	...	...
55 to 64 years	33,585	...	...	3,605	...	...
65 to 74 years	22,000	...	...	1,875	...	...
75 to 84 years	13,170	...	...	680	...	...
85 years and over	3,950	...	...	155	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	160,190	...	...	14,550	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	125,745	...	...	11,865	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	34,445	...	...	2,680	...	...
30% to less than 100%	31,105	...	...	2,345	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	111,220	...	...	9,590	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	65.3	...	...	59.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	15.3	...	...	12.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,190	...	...	1,239	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,231	...	...	1,325	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	300,601	...	...	358,721	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	340,865	...	...	371,716	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	49,040	...	...	5,005	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	6.5	...	...	25.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	35.6	...	...	29.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	800	...	...	967	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	855	...	...	1,038	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	337,495	163,670	173,825	28,875	14,310	14,565
No certificate, diploma or degree	64,060	31,985	32,070	4,715	2,635	2,080
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	76,500	36,570	39,925	6,835	3,325	3,505
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	196,935	95,110	101,825	17,335	8,350	8,985
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	48,220	28,085	20,135	3,145	2,450	695
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	34,745	18,015	16,735	1,230	785	445
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	13,470	10,070	3,400	1,915	1,665	255
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	62,370	27,525	34,840	6,120	2,520	3,600
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	14,350	6,050	8,305	825	320	500
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	72,000	33,455	38,550	7,250	3,060	4,195
Bachelor's degree	48,735	21,680	27,060	4,790	1,955	2,835
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	7,245	3,425	3,815	435	175	260
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,770	875	890	190	115	75
Master's degree	12,475	6,365	6,110	1,695	745	955
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	1,785	1,110	670	135	65	70
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	222,875	108,630	114,245	21,030	10,190	10,845
No certificate, diploma or degree	26,640	14,550	12,090	2,255	1,400	855
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	43,590	21,375	22,215	4,400	2,065	2,340
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	152,650	72,710	79,940	14,375	6,730	7,650
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	36,575	20,555	16,015	2,400	1,875	520
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	26,775	13,265	13,515	885	560	325
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	9,795	7,295	2,505	1,510	1,320	190
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	43,700	19,505	24,195	4,975	2,020	2,955
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	10,865	4,630	6,230	665	250	410
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	61,510	28,015	33,495	6,340	2,575	3,765
Bachelor's degree	41,740	18,460	23,280	4,190	1,660	2,530
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	5,990	2,660	3,330	380	140	235
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,425	630	790	165	90	75
Master's degree	10,840	5,340	5,500	1,500	625	870
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	1,525	930	595	110	55	60
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	337,495	163,665	173,830	28,880	14,315	14,565
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	140,560	68,560	72,000	11,545	5,960	5,585
Education	11,840	2,510	9,335	1,545	505	1,040
13. Education	11,840	2,510	9,335	1,545	505	1,040
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	7,030	3,235	3,795	525	215	305
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,335	1,030	310	60	50	10
50. Visual and performing arts	5,695	2,210	3,485	465	170	295
Humanities	10,675	3,880	6,795	840	375	470
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	1,555	295	1,265	90	15	70
23. English language and literature/letters	610	180	430	215	100	115
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	6,050	2,320	3,725	230	95	135
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	50	35	20	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	370	225	145	70	45	20
39. Theology and religious vocations	320	225	90	95	70	25
54. History	640	365	275	120	40	80
55. French language and literature/letters	1,080	240	845	20	0	20
Social and behavioural sciences and law	20,915	6,340	14,570	2,095	705	1,390
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	215	70	145	60	10	60
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,155	705	1,455	170	45	125
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	4,275	340	3,935	400	30	365
22. Legal professions and studies	3,855	1,260	2,595	290	140	150
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	385	60	325	45	10	35
42. Psychology	2,895	640	2,260	285	80	200
45. Social sciences	7,130	3,275	3,855	845	395	455
Business, management and public administration	51,115	20,090	31,030	3,310	960	2,350
30.16 Accounting and computer science	45	15	25	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,635	360	1,275	525	125	395
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	49,440	19,710	29,725	2,785	835	1,955
Physical and life sciences and technologies	8,580	4,555	4,025	690	360	330
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	2,725	1,160	1,560	380	195	190
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,485	805	690	95	45	50
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	1,455	705	750	10	0	10
40. Physical sciences	2,515	1,690	825	185	100	80
41. Science technologies/technicians	400	200	205	30	20	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	9,630	7,005	2,625	405	200	200
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	8,225	6,365	1,860	285	170	120
25. Library science	455	90	360	45	0	40
27. Mathematics and statistics	805	440	360	70	25	45
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	145	110	40	10	10	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	38,950	35,360	3,595	3,575	3,250	325
04. Architecture and related services	1,550	965	590	90	70	25
14. Engineering	10,165	8,345	1,820	470	365	100
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	7,165	6,580	590	520	455	65
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	10	0	10
46. Construction trades	8,145	7,915	230	1,210	1,150	55
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	7,840	7,630	215	990	955	40
48. Precision production	4,085	3,930	155	280	255	20
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,815	980	840	815	465	355
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	1,435	785	650	125	70	55
03. Natural resources and conservation	375	190	185	695	395	300
Health and related fields	23,235	4,465	18,770	2,200	515	1,690
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	1,130	565	570	215	90	125
51. Health professions and related programs	21,725	3,685	18,040	1,945	405	1,545
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	380	220	160	40	25	15
Personal, protective and transportation services	13,130	6,685	6,445	1,330	800	525
12. Personal and culinary services	7,655	2,015	5,640	640	215	425
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	15	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	25	0	10	0	0
43. Security and protective services	2,930	2,335	600	225	160	70
49. Transportation and materials moving	2,505	2,300	210	455	420	35
Other	20	0	10	0	10	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	20	0	10	10	10	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	222,875	108,630	114,245	21,030	10,190	10,845
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	70,230	35,925	34,305	6,655	3,460	3,195
Education	8,270	1,555	6,715	1,245	380	860
13. Education	8,270	1,555	6,715	1,250	385	865
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	5,310	2,415	2,900	480	200	275
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,010	750	265	55	50	10
50. Visual and performing arts	4,295	1,665	2,630	425	150	270
Humanities	6,765	2,370	4,400	675	300	380
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	1,325	225	1,095	70	20	55
23. English language and literature/letters	450	110	340	190	90	100
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	3,240	1,285	1,955	165	65	100
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	35	25	10	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	260	145	110	55	35	20
39. Theology and religious vocations	205	155	55	85	70	15
54. History	440	265	175	95	25	70
55. French language and literature/letters	810	160	650	20	0	15
Social and behavioural sciences and law	16,265	4,665	11,600	1,845	620	1,225
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	170	55	120	55	10	45
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,725	545	1,175	150	40	110
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	3,340	210	3,125	320	20	300
22. Legal professions and studies	3,070	920	2,145	280	130	145
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	235	30	205	40	10	35
42. Psychology	2,290	460	1,825	245	70	175
45. Social sciences	5,440	2,440	3,000	755	340	415
Business, management and public administration	41,900	16,165	25,735	2,750	750	1,995
30.16 Accounting and computer science	35	0	30	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,350	295	1,055	430	95	340
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	40,515	15,860	24,655	2,315	655	1,660
Physical and life sciences and technologies	5,600	2,910	2,690	615	310	310
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	2,300	930	1,370	330	165	165
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	850	445	410	85	40	45
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	255	145	105	10	0	10
40. Physical sciences	1,940	1,255	685	165	85	80
41. Science technologies/technicians	255	140	115	30	20	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	8,635	6,285	2,350	335	165	170
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	7,525	5,820	1,700	265	150	115
25. Library science	375	55	315	35	10	25
27. Mathematics and statistics	625	325	295	30	0	25
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	115	85	30	10	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	30,270	27,090	3,175	2,815	2,525	285
04. Architecture and related services	1,325	810	515	75	55	25
14. Engineering	9,010	7,315	1,690	385	295	85
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	5,435	4,940	495	415	360	60
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	10	0	15
46. Construction trades	5,730	5,540	185	1,000	940	55
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	5,895	5,715	180	735	695	35
48. Precision production	2,875	2,765	110	190	175	15
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,470	775	695	735	405	330
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	1,140	610	535	115	60	55
03. Natural resources and conservation	330	175	160	625	350	280
Health and related fields	18,080	3,385	14,695	1,840	435	1,400
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	960	475	480	185	75	115
51. Health professions and related programs	16,820	2,750	14,075	1,620	350	1,275
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	300	165	135	30	15	15
Personal, protective and transportation services	10,065	5,090	4,975	1,040	625	415
12. Personal and culinary services	5,760	1,430	4,330	510	175	330
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	10	0	10	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	2,160	1,690	470	180	125	55
49. Transportation and materials moving	2,125	1,945	175	345	320	25
Other	20	0	15	10	10	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	20	10	10	10	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	337,495	163,665	173,830	28,880	14,315	14,565
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	140,560	68,560	72,000	11,545	5,960	5,585
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	196,935	95,110	101,825	17,335	8,350	8,985
Location of study inside Canada	169,280	80,435	88,850	14,515	6,955	7,560
Same as province or territory of residence	166,335	78,910	87,425	3,915	1,885	2,030
Different than province or territory of residence	2,950	1,530	1,425	10,600	5,065	5,535
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	27,655	14,670	12,980	2,815	1,400	1,425
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	1,045	695	350	635	345	285
Philippines	265	85	180	570	210	360
India	325	190	140	105	65	40
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	235	135	100	265	115	150
China^{Census data footnote 162}	530	215	320	40	15	20
France	2,490	1,490	995	65	35	25
Other	22,760	11,860	10,900	1,145	610	535
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	222,875	108,630	114,245	21,035	10,190	10,845
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	70,225	35,925	34,305	6,655	3,460	3,195
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	152,650	72,705	79,940	14,380	6,730	7,650
Location of study inside Canada	129,640	60,925	68,715	12,045	5,585	6,465
Same as province or territory of residence	127,260	59,745	67,515	3,120	1,450	1,665
Different than province or territory of residence	2,380	1,185	1,195	8,925	4,130	4,795
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	23,010	11,780	11,230	2,335	1,145	1,185
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	805	520	280	460	245	215
Philippines	240	80	160	550	205	340
India	260	145	110	85	55	30
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	180	105	75	185	90	90
China^{Census data footnote 162}	470	185	280	25	10	20
France	1,910	1,110	805	55	30	20
Other	19,145	9,635	9,510	975	505	470
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	337,495	163,665	173,830	28,880	14,315	14,565
In the labour force	223,995	115,140	108,855	21,795	11,005	10,795
Employed	208,320	106,755	101,560	19,790	9,765	10,025
Unemployed	15,675	8,380	7,290	2,010	1,240	765
Not in the labour force	113,500	48,525	64,970	7,085	3,310	3,775
Participation rate	66.4	70.4	62.6	75.5	76.9	74.1
Employment rate	61.7	65.2	58.4	68.5	68.2	68.8
Unemployment rate	7.0	7.3	6.7	9.2	11.3	7.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	337,495	163,670	173,830	28,880	14,310	14,570
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	109,115	46,155	62,960	5,980	2,790	3,190
Worked	228,380	117,510	110,865	22,900	11,525	11,375
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	111,870	61,070	50,795	10,865	5,465	5,405
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	116,510	56,440	60,070	12,030	6,060	5,975
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.0	43.3	42.7	41.1	40.3	41.9
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	223,995	115,140	108,855	21,800	11,005	10,790
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	5,805	2,845	2,960	395	220	175
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	218,185	112,295	105,895	21,405	10,785	10,615
Employee	192,745	95,280	97,460	18,810	9,165	9,645
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	25,445	17,010	8,435	2,595	1,620	975
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	224,000	115,140	108,855	21,795	11,005	10,795
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	5,805	2,850	2,960	395	220	175
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	218,185	112,295	105,895	21,405	10,790	10,615
0 Management occupations	24,145	15,575	8,570	2,460	1,325	1,135
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	41,465	13,260	28,205	3,465	740	2,725
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	16,795	13,465	3,330	1,385	1,055	330
3 Health occupations	14,975	2,785	12,195	1,230	255	970
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	22,840	5,790	17,050	3,625	1,280	2,345
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	5,685	2,680	3,005	790	345	450
6 Sales and service occupations	55,970	26,835	29,135	3,955	1,660	2,300
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	25,865	24,535	1,330	3,650	3,400	250
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,435	1,210	225	505	450	50
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	9,010	6,165	2,845	350	285	60
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	223,995	115,140	108,855	21,795	11,005	10,790
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	5,810	2,850	2,960	395	220	175
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	218,185	112,290	105,895	21,405	10,785	10,620
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	795	465	320	245	190	55
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	170	155	10	505	440	70
22 Utilities	1,295	865	430	160	115	50
23 Construction	11,695	10,025	1,670	2,055	1,810	240
31-33 Manufacturing	22,850	15,700	7,145	335	230	105
41 Wholesale trade	11,700	7,040	4,660	325	240	85
44-45 Retail trade	29,930	14,600	15,330	1,975	1,015	960
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	12,645	9,690	2,950	1,060	765	300
51 Information and cultural industries	6,090	3,725	2,365	535	300	235
52 Finance and insurance	11,590	4,525	7,070	305	95	210
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	3,755	2,105	1,645	195	105	90
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	16,695	9,515	7,185	1,295	645	645
55 Management of companies and enterprises	330	90	245	20	10	15
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	10,790	6,310	4,480	565	330	235
61 Educational services	14,320	4,080	10,235	1,630	520	1,115
62 Health care and social assistance	27,100	4,960	22,140	2,070	400	1,670
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	3,335	1,810	1,525	600	285	310
72 Accommodation and food services	14,335	7,525	6,815	1,545	605	940
81 Other services (except public administration)	8,865	4,185	4,680	775	415	355
91 Public administration	9,900	4,910	4,985	5,205	2,280	2,925
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	208,320	106,755	101,565	19,790	9,765	10,025
Worked at home	12,100	6,395	5,705	1,420	770	655
Worked outside Canada	535	410	125	25	10	20
No fixed workplace address	18,475	13,830	4,640	2,330	1,795	540
Worked at usual place	177,215	86,115	91,095	16,010	7,200	8,815
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	177,215	86,120	91,095	16,010	7,195	8,815
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	67,680	29,500	38,180	13,510	6,025	7,485
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0	0	2,265	1,040	1,225
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	109,090	56,315	52,770	0	0	0
Commute to a different province or territory	445	300	145	235	135	100
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	195,685	99,950	95,735	18,340	8,990	9,350
Car, truck, van - as a driver	147,495	80,260	67,240	13,990	7,130	6,860
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	6,550	2,090	4,455	1,095	385	710
Public transit	34,830	14,390	20,435	720	315	405
Walked	4,415	1,720	2,700	1,735	645	1,090
Bicycle	1,040	785	255	470	285	190
Other method	1,360	710	645	320	225	90
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	195,685	99,950	95,735	18,340	8,985	9,355
Less than 15 minutes	32,235	14,705	17,535	9,735	4,695	5,040
15 to 29 minutes	64,150	33,095	31,050	6,195	3,045	3,150
30 to 44 minutes	48,505	27,405	21,105	1,400	625	770
45 to 59 minutes	25,315	12,930	12,380	465	215	245
60 minutes and over	25,485	11,815	13,665	550	405	150
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	195,685	99,950	95,730	18,340	8,990	9,355
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	14,955	11,230	3,725	520	335	180
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	38,970	21,885	17,085	1,930	1,150	780
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	57,085	25,690	31,400	6,185	3,220	2,965
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	34,890	15,075	19,815	5,785	2,450	3,335
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	21,830	10,010	11,825	1,905	805	1,100
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	27,940	16,060	11,885	2,015	1,020	990
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	235,285	120,870	114,410	23,495	11,810	11,685
Single responses	198,760	101,315	97,440	23,325	11,735	11,595
Official languages	196,980	100,425	96,550	23,230	11,695	11,540
English	33,520	18,555	14,970	22,970	11,600	11,370
French	163,460	81,870	81,580	260	95	165
Non-official languages	1,780	895	890	95	35	55
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	25	10	15
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	20	10	15
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	10	10
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,785	890	890	70	30	40
Afro-Asiatic languages	480	265	215	0	0	0
Berber languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	470	260	210	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	455	255	205	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	0	10	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	150	80	75	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	60	35	30	0	0	0
Vietnamese	90	45	45	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	10	0	0	0	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	50	15	30	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	50	15	30	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	10	0	10	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	870	430	445	25	10	15
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	155	70	90	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	25	0	25	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	30	10	25	10	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	10	0	10	0	0	0
Russian	20	0	15	10	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	0	10	20	10	10
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	10	10	0	15	10	10
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	165	85	85	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	160	90	70	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	110	60	50	0	0	0
Bengali	0	10	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	10	0	10	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	105	55	45	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	45	30	20	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	45	30	15	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	350	180	175	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	75	25	50	0	0	0
Portuguese	60	45	20	0	0	0
Romanian	35	15	25	0	0	0
Spanish	180	95	80	0	0	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	10	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	10	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	10	10	10	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	10	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	160	80	75	25	15	15
Chinese languages	155	85	70	25	15	15
Cantonese	65	35	25	20	15	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	80	35	45	10	0	10
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	15	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	0	15	0	0	0
Lao	15	0	15	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	10	0	10	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	0	0	10	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	10	10	10	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	36,525	19,555	16,970	165	75	90
English and French	33,445	17,955	15,495	75	35	40
English and non-official language	620	405	215	80	35	45
French and non-official language	760	345	415	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	1,700	850	850	10	0	10
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	235,285	120,870	114,410	23,495	11,810	11,685
None	136,235	68,310	67,925	21,950	11,185	10,765
English	70,350	36,955	33,385	210	80	130
French	21,605	11,625	9,985	825	330	500
Non-official language	4,890	2,705	2,190	475	205	275
Aboriginal	20	0	15	175	70	105
Non-Aboriginal	4,875	2,700	2,175	305	135	170
English and French	140	75	65	0	0	0
English and non-official language	1,445	790	650	0	0	0
French and non-official language	625	415	215	20	10	15
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	406,590	198,865	207,720	34,705	17,450	17,250
Non-movers	368,800	180,420	188,380	28,875	14,450	14,430
Movers	37,790	18,445	19,350	5,825	3,005	2,825
Non-migrants	21,770	10,520	11,250	3,635	1,895	1,740
Migrants	16,020	7,925	8,095	2,190	1,110	1,085
Internal migrants	11,965	5,940	6,025	1,945	990	955
Intraprovincial migrants	11,455	5,655	5,800	545	265	285
Interprovincial migrants	510	285	225	1,400	725	670
External migrants	4,060	1,985	2,075	250	115	130
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	388,445	189,590	198,850	32,990	16,505	16,480
Non-movers	263,520	129,050	134,475	18,040	9,060	8,980
Movers	124,915	60,540	64,375	14,945	7,450	7,495
Non-migrants	71,375	34,685	36,695	8,245	4,195	4,050
Migrants	53,540	25,860	27,680	6,700	3,260	3,445
Internal migrants	40,185	19,440	20,745	5,515	2,675	2,830
Intraprovincial migrants	38,970	18,820	20,150	1,235	590	640
Interprovincial migrants	1,215	620	595	4,285	2,090	2,195
External migrants	13,350	6,420	6,930	1,190	575	615

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Laval [Economic region], Quebec and Yukon [Territory] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 9, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Laval [Economic region], Quebec and Yukon [Territory]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Laval [Economic region], Quebec and Yukon [Territory]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Laval [Economic region], Quebec and Yukon [Territory]