Census Profile, 2016 Census
Durham-Sud, Municipalité [Census subdivision], Quebec and Saint-Léonard--Saint-Michel [Federal electoral district], Quebec

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Durham-Sud, MÉ Quebec [Census subdivision]			Saint-Léonard--Saint-Michel Quebec [Federal electoral district]
	Data quality , Durham-Sud, Municipalité [Census subdivision], Quebec Map : Durham-Sud, Municipalité [Census subdivision], Quebec Change geography 1			Data quality : Saint-Léonard--Saint-Michel [Federal electoral district], Quebec Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	1,043	...	...	113,212	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	1,008	...	...	110,649	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	3.5	...	...	2.3	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	467	...	...	46,926	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	415	...	...	44,313	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	11.3	...	...	5,592.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	92.67	...	...	20.24	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	1,045	545	500	113,210	53,800	59,410
0 to 14 years	210	110	95	23,100	11,560	11,535
0 to 4 years	55	30	25	8,735	4,375	4,355
5 to 9 years	80	40	40	8,165	4,055	4,100
10 to 14 years	75	40	35	6,205	3,130	3,075
15 to 64 years	645	330	315	69,800	33,735	36,070
15 to 19 years	60	25	30	6,190	3,095	3,090
20 to 24 years	45	30	20	6,435	3,105	3,325
25 to 29 years	50	25	20	6,390	2,900	3,490
30 to 34 years	60	30	30	7,230	3,095	4,135
35 to 39 years	95	40	45	8,035	3,700	4,340
40 to 44 years	50	30	25	8,140	4,200	3,940
45 to 49 years	55	30	25	8,120	4,305	3,815
50 to 54 years	70	35	35	7,260	3,710	3,550
55 to 59 years	85	40	45	6,605	3,175	3,430
60 to 64 years	85	40	40	5,390	2,440	2,950
65 years and over	185	100	90	20,310	8,505	11,800
65 to 69 years	80	40	35	5,280	2,335	2,940
70 to 74 years	40	30	10	4,275	1,820	2,455
75 to 79 years	35	15	20	4,195	1,770	2,420
80 to 84 years	15	10	10	3,445	1,440	2,005
85 years and over	15	5	10	3,120	1,140	1,980
85 to 89 years	10	5	5	2,075	815	1,260
90 to 94 years	5	0	5	830	275	555
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	180	45	140
100 years and over	0	0	0	30	5	25
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	20.1	20.2	19.0	20.4	21.5	19.4
15 to 64 years	61.7	60.6	63.0	61.7	62.7	60.7
65 years and over	17.7	18.3	18.0	17.9	15.8	19.9
85 years and over	1.4	0.9	2.0	2.8	2.1	3.3
Average age of the population	40.9	40.9	40.9	39.8	38.7	40.8
Median age of the population	40.8	40.8	40.8	39.5	39.3	39.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	415	...	...	44,315	...	...
Single-detached house	350	...	...	2,310	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	2,455	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	65	...	...	39,540	...	...
Semi-detached house	5	...	...	890	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	215	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	35	...	...	7,105	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	15	...	...	31,155	...	...
Other single-attached house	5	...	...	180	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	0	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	415	...	...	44,315	...	...
1 person	105	...	...	13,200	...	...
2 persons	155	...	...	12,560	...	...
3 persons	60	...	...	7,250	...	...
4 persons	60	...	...	6,715	...	...
5 or more persons	40	...	...	4,580	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,040	...	...	111,745	...	...
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	835	430	405	90,115	42,240	47,875
Married or living common law	520	260	260	47,140	23,610	23,535
Married	295	145	150	41,055	20,560	20,490
Living common law	225	120	115	6,090	3,045	3,040
Not married and not living common law	310	175	140	42,970	18,630	24,340
Never married	220	135	85	27,305	13,940	13,360
Separated	10	5	0	2,200	825	1,375
Divorced	40	25	20	7,295	2,750	4,545
Widowed	40	10	30	6,170	1,115	5,060
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	300	...	...	30,080	...	...
2 persons	160	...	...	12,745	...	...
3 persons	60	...	...	7,100	...	...
4 persons	55	...	...	6,530	...	...
5 or more persons	30	...	...	3,710	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	300	...	...	30,085	...	...
Total couple families	255	...	...	22,705	...	...
Married couples	145	...	...	19,665	...	...
Common-law couples	115	...	...	3,045	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	45	...	...	7,375	...	...
Female parent	35	...	...	6,230	...	...
Male parent	10	...	...	1,145	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	255	...	...	22,710	...	...
Couples without children	130	...	...	8,300	...	...
Couples with children	130	...	...	14,410	...	...
1 child	50	...	...	5,005	...	...
2 children	50	...	...	5,925	...	...
3 or more children	30	...	...	3,475	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	40	...	...	7,375	...	...
1 child	25	...	...	4,445	...	...
2 children	10	...	...	2,090	...	...
3 or more children	5	...	...	845	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	165	95	70	19,220	8,780	10,440
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	415	...	...	44,315	...	...
One-census-family households	290	...	...	28,780	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	120	...	...	7,930	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	170	...	...	20,855	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	5	...	...	645	...	...
Non-census-family households	120	...	...	14,890	...	...
One-person households	105	...	...	13,195	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	20	...	...	1,690	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	1,040	540	500	112,615	53,610	59,005
English only	25	10	10	5,130	2,625	2,510
French only	670	330	340	50,185	22,145	28,040
English and French	350	200	150	52,150	27,010	25,140
Neither English nor French	0	0	0	5,155	1,830	3,325
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	1,045	545	500	112,620	53,610	59,005
English	100	55	50	20,900	10,395	10,495
French	925	480	450	73,665	34,365	39,300
English and French	15	10	0	13,040	7,080	5,960
Neither English nor French	0	0	0	5,015	1,770	3,250
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	110	55	50	27,420	13,940	13,480
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	10.5	10.1	10.0	24.3	26.0	22.8
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	1,045	540	500	112,615	53,610	59,005
Single responses	1,015	525	490	104,785	49,790	54,990
Official languages	1,005	520	485	42,080	20,015	22,065
English	100	50	45	7,085	3,620	3,465
French	905	465	440	35,000	16,400	18,605
Non-official languages	15	10	5	62,700	29,775	32,925
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	10	5	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Algonquin	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	15	10	5	62,695	29,770	32,920
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	15,395	7,940	7,460
Berber languages	0	0	0	2,745	1,440	1,300
Kabyle	0	0	0	1,705	885	825
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,040	560	480
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	10	5	5
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	12,635	6,485	6,150
Amharic	0	0	0	10	5	5
Arabic	0	0	0	12,620	6,480	6,140
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	5	0	5
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	4,095	1,935	2,160
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	1,135	530	600
Vietnamese	0	0	0	2,965	1,405	1,560
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	115	30	85
Bikol	0	0	0	5	0	5
Cebuano	0	0	0	5	0	5
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	5
Ilocano	0	0	0	5	0	5
Malagasy	0	0	0	10	5	10
Malay	0	0	0	5	0	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	75	15	60
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Creole languages	0	0	0	6,480	2,825	3,655
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	240	110	130
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	6,235	2,715	3,520
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	955	470	485
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	950	465	485
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	5
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	15	10	5	31,790	14,755	17,030
Albanian	0	0	0	60	25	35
Armenian	0	0	0	30	15	15
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	1,205	500	710
Baltic languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Slavic languages	0	0	0	1,195	495	705
Belarusan	0	0	0	5	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	20	15	10
Bulgarian	0	0	0	105	45	60
Croatian	0	0	0	55	25	25
Czech	0	5	0	5	5	5
Macedonian	0	0	0	5	5	5
Polish	0	0	0	325	120	210
Russian	0	0	0	255	105	155
Serbian	0	0	0	45	15	30
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Slovak	0	0	0	15	0	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	65	25	40
Ukrainian	0	0	0	285	130	160
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	5	5	75	35	40
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	10	5	10
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	10	5	5	60	30	25
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	325	150	180
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	1,280	620	655
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	900	440	455
Bengali	0	0	0	490	235	250
Gujarati	0	0	0	120	60	65
Hindi	0	0	0	20	10	10
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	5	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	15	5	5
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	70	30	35
Sindhi	0	0	0	10	5	5
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	25	10	15
Urdu	0	0	0	140	70	70
Iranian languages	0	0	0	375	175	200
Kurdish	0	0	0	125	55	65
Pashto	0	0	0	20	10	15
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	225	100	120
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	28,815	13,420	15,395
Catalan	0	0	0	10	5	5
Italian	0	0	0	17,860	8,300	9,565
Portuguese	0	0	0	1,440	650	785
Romanian	0	0	0	545	255	290
Spanish	5	5	0	8,960	4,210	4,755
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Japanese	0	0	5	20	0	20
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	5	0
Korean	0	0	0	10	5	5
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	5	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	705	340	360
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	10	5	5
Bamanankan	0	0	0	20	10	10
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	30	20	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	55	25	30
Ga	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	5	0
Lingala	0	0	0	150	65	75
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	45	20	25
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	60	20	35
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	50	25	30
Wolof	0	0	0	55	30	20
Yoruba	0	0	0	5	0	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	225	110	115
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	20	15	5
American Sign Language	0	0	0	5	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	10	5	5
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	10	5	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	1,935	895	1,040
Chinese languages	0	0	0	1,930	895	1,035
Cantonese	0	0	0	970	470	500
Hakka	0	0	0	5	5	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	405	175	230
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	450	195	250
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	5	5	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	100	50	50
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	225	115	110
Lao	0	0	0	205	110	100
Thai	0	0	0	20	5	15
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	870	410	460
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	865	410	460
Uyghur	0	0	0	5	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Uralic languages	0	0	0	50	25	30
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	50	25	25
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	10
Multiple responses	25	15	10	7,835	3,815	4,020
English and French	20	10	5	905	465	440
English and non-official language	0	0	0	885	430	455
French and non-official language	5	0	5	5,165	2,465	2,695
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	890	460	430
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	1,040	545	500	112,615	53,610	59,005
Single responses	1,020	530	490	94,115	44,615	49,505
Official languages	1,015	525	490	59,600	28,570	31,030
English	90	50	40	16,245	8,050	8,195
French	920	475	445	43,360	20,525	22,840
Non-official languages	5	0	0	34,515	16,045	18,470
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	5	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	5	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	5	0	5	34,510	16,035	18,470
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	7,215	3,665	3,550
Berber languages	0	0	0	1,200	615	580
Kabyle	0	0	0	800	410	385
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	400	205	200
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	10	5	5
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	6,010	3,045	2,965
Amharic	0	0	0	5	5	0
Arabic	0	0	0	6,005	3,045	2,960
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	3,335	1,535	1,805
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	855	385	470
Vietnamese	0	0	0	2,485	1,150	1,335
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	20	5	10
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	5	0	5
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	5	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	15	5	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	2,650	1,165	1,485
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	120	55	60
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,525	1,110	1,415
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	850	420	430
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	850	415	430
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	5	0	0	17,800	8,010	9,790
Albanian	0	0	0	35	10	25
Armenian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	660	285	375
Baltic languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	5	0	5
Slavic languages	0	0	0	655	285	375
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	15	5	5
Bulgarian	0	0	0	65	30	35
Croatian	0	0	0	15	5	10
Czech	0	0	0	5	5	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	5	0
Polish	0	0	0	155	65	95
Russian	0	0	0	175	75	95
Serbian	0	0	0	30	10	20
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	5	5	0
Slovak	0	0	0	5	0	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	35	10	20
Ukrainian	0	0	0	145	65	85
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	5	0	0	5	5	5
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	5	0	5	5	5	5
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	140	50	90
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	870	405	470
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	635	305	330
Bengali	0	0	0	380	175	205
Gujarati	0	0	0	70	35	35
Hindi	0	0	0	10	10	5
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	5	5	5
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	15	10	5
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	35	15	20
Sindhi	0	0	0	10	5	5
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Urdu	0	0	0	95	45	45
Iranian languages	0	0	0	235	95	140
Kurdish	0	0	0	55	25	30
Pashto	0	0	0	20	10	10
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	160	65	95
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	16,075	7,250	8,830
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	8,520	3,680	4,835
Portuguese	0	0	0	750	350	395
Romanian	0	0	0	375	175	205
Spanish	0	0	0	6,430	3,045	3,390
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Japanese	5	0	0	5	5	5
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	10	5	5
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	225	100	125
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	10	5	5
Bamanankan	0	0	0	10	0	5
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	15	10	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	25	15	15
Ga	0	0	0	0	5	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	80	30	50
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	10	5	5
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	20	10	10
Wolof	0	0	0	15	10	10
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Sign languages	0	0	0	20	10	5
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	10	5	5
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	10	10	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	1,575	735	840
Chinese languages	0	0	0	1,575	730	840
Cantonese	0	0	0	775	370	405
Hakka	0	0	0	0	5	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	350	165	185
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	345	155	195
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	95	45	55
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	125	65	55
Lao	0	0	0	120	65	55
Thai	0	0	0	5	5	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	655	305	355
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	650	300	350
Uyghur	0	0	0	5	5	5
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	20	5	10
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Multiple responses	20	10	10	18,505	9,000	9,505
English and French	20	15	10	1,550	770	785
English and non-official language	0	0	0	1,855	905	955
French and non-official language	0	0	0	12,725	6,125	6,600
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	2,375	1,200	1,175
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	1,040	540	500	112,620	53,610	59,005
None	945	490	455	71,260	33,505	37,755
English	55	30	25	5,535	2,750	2,790
French	35	15	15	13,950	6,780	7,170
Non-official language	10	5	5	17,785	8,565	9,225
Aboriginal	0	0	0	5	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	5	5	5	17,785	8,560	9,220
English and French	0	0	0	1,625	840	785
English and non-official language	0	5	0	895	435	460
French and non-official language	0	0	0	1,530	720	810
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	35	15	20
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	830	430	400	88,655	41,735	46,915
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	810	425	380	84,570	39,820	44,755
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	25,152	27,712	22,176	24,741	27,179	22,912
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	810	430	380	84,575	39,815	44,760
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	23,504	25,472	21,280	23,607	25,476	22,184
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	680	370	310	70,365	34,505	35,860
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	19,952	22,464	18,144	20,548	24,194	17,116
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	705	370	340	73,620	33,470	40,150
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,408	7,781	8,896	7,784	4,591	10,132
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	550	310	245	53,900	27,945	25,950
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	20,800	22,464	19,328	23,909	26,379	21,501
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	835	445	390	88,655	41,790	46,865
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	810	435	380	84,590	39,855	44,735
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,710	30,194	31,300	31,321	33,981	28,951
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	810	430	380	84,600	39,855	44,745
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	26,976	27,071	26,868	27,242	28,914	25,753
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	675	375	300	70,430	34,350	36,080
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	25,832	24,476	27,529	28,117	32,157	24,270
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	715	365	345	73,670	33,625	40,050
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	10,282	10,290	10,273	9,083	7,426	10,475
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	550	330	220	53,925	27,900	26,020
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	26,844	23,383	32,059	30,229	33,181	27,065
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	840	445	395	88,655	41,790	46,860
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	170	105	65	21,195	11,770	9,425
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	26,826	26,096	32,459	38,671	40,084	37,115
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	31,425	29,679	34,299	45,350	48,512	41,401
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	72.5	76.4	66.5	74.8	81.8	67.4
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	59.7	64.1	56.2	61.7	68.4	54.7
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	27.2	23.5	32.0	25.2	18.2	32.6
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	835	430	405	88,655	41,735	46,915
Without total income	25	5	20	4,080	1,920	2,160
With total income	805	430	380	84,570	39,820	44,755
Percentage with total income	96.4	100.0	93.8	95.4	95.4	95.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	125	55	65	13,485	6,625	6,855
$10,000 to $19,999	200	100	105	19,810	7,725	12,080
$20,000 to $29,999	150	80	70	17,005	7,515	9,490
$30,000 to $39,999	130	75	55	12,035	5,950	6,080
$40,000 to $49,999	85	45	35	8,550	4,245	4,300
$50,000 to $59,999	50	30	20	5,160	2,680	2,480
$60,000 to $69,999	30	15	15	2,880	1,600	1,280
$70,000 to $79,999	25	20	5	1,865	1,070	795
$80,000 to $89,999	10	5	5	1,195	690	505
$90,000 to $99,999	5	0	0	750	470	280
$100,000 and over	15	5	5	1,840	1,235	610
$100,000 to $149,999	10	5	5	1,280	830	450
$150,000 and over	5	5	0	565	400	160
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	830	430	400	88,655	41,735	46,915
Without after-tax income	25	5	20	4,075	1,920	2,155
With after-tax income	805	425	380	84,575	39,815	44,755
Percentage with after-tax income	97.0	98.8	95.0	95.4	95.4	95.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	125	55	65	13,745	6,710	7,035
$10,000 to $19,999	215	105	105	20,655	8,135	12,520
$20,000 to $29,999	180	100	75	19,485	8,905	10,580
$30,000 to $39,999	145	80	70	14,175	7,140	7,040
$40,000 to $49,999	75	40	30	8,140	4,095	4,045
$50,000 to $59,999	45	30	20	3,860	2,075	1,780
$60,000 to $69,999	10	10	5	2,000	1,130	870
$70,000 to $79,999	10	5	5	990	595	395
$80,000 and over	10	5	5	1,525	1,030	495
$80,000 to $89,999	5	5	0	555	360	200
$90,000 to $99,999	5	0	0	280	190	95
$100,000 and over	0	0	0	680	480	200
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	830	430	400	88,655	41,740	46,915
Without employment income	280	125	155	34,755	13,795	20,960
With employment income	550	310	245	53,900	27,950	25,955
Percentage with employment income	66.3	72.1	61.3	60.8	67.0	55.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	90	50	40	7,840	3,695	4,145
$5,000 to $9,999	70	45	25	5,375	2,480	2,890
$10,000 to $19,999	105	50	55	10,175	4,920	5,255
$20,000 to $29,999	90	40	50	8,690	4,400	4,295
$30,000 to $39,999	65	35	25	7,350	3,955	3,400
$40,000 to $49,999	55	35	15	5,180	2,805	2,375
$50,000 to $59,999	30	20	10	3,195	1,860	1,340
$60,000 to $69,999	20	10	5	1,975	1,190	785
$70,000 to $79,999	10	10	5	1,435	850	585
$80,000 and over	15	10	10	2,680	1,790	890
$80,000 to $89,999	5	5	5	855	535	315
$90,000 to $99,999	0	0	0	525	345	185
$100,000 and over	10	5	5	1,300	905	390
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	415	...	...	44,315	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	51,008	...	...	48,731	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	46,720	...	...	44,889	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	100	...	...	13,200	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	20,416	...	...	26,615	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	19,947	...	...	25,071	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	310	...	...	31,115	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	60,416	...	...	59,059	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	55,360	...	...	54,401	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	415	...	...	44,325	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	59,907	...	...	59,776	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	52,623	...	...	51,996	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	95	...	...	13,215	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	26,498	...	...	33,301	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	24,236	...	...	28,687	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	320	...	...	31,105	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	69,838	...	...	71,022	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	61,061	...	...	61,897	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	415	...	...	44,315	...	...
Under $5,000	5	...	...	645	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	5	...	...	835	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	25	...	...	1,475	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	25	...	...	2,700	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	20	...	...	2,905	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	20	...	...	2,630	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	35	...	...	2,830	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	30	...	...	3,130	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	20	...	...	2,965	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	15	...	...	2,665	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	50	...	...	4,910	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	30	...	...	3,890	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	30	...	...	2,915	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	15	...	...	2,225	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	30	...	...	1,765	...	...
$100,000 and over	55	...	...	5,820	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	30	...	...	2,585	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	15	...	...	1,360	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	10	...	...	1,105	...	...
$200,000 and over	0	...	...	770	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	415	...	...	44,315	...	...
Under $5,000	5	...	...	715	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	5	...	...	845	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	25	...	...	1,495	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	25	...	...	2,805	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	25	...	...	3,195	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	20	...	...	2,985	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	30	...	...	3,430	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	40	...	...	3,455	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	25	...	...	3,305	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	15	...	...	3,095	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	65	...	...	5,355	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	35	...	...	3,910	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	30	...	...	2,800	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	20	...	...	1,985	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	15	...	...	1,395	...	...
$100,000 and over	30	...	...	3,530	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	25	...	...	1,865	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	10	...	...	820	...	...
$150,000 and over	5	...	...	845	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	300	...	...	30,125	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	61,312	...	...	59,028	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	55,488	...	...	54,412	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	120	...	...	7,645	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	52,864	...	...	52,019	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	49,664	...	...	47,852	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	130	...	...	14,450	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	74,496	...	...	69,989	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	67,840	...	...	64,174	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	40	...	...	7,000	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	38,784	...	...	45,858	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	38,272	...	...	43,392	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	310	...	...	30,060	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	70,665	...	...	71,118	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	61,651	...	...	61,932	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	130	...	...	7,560	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	61,662	...	...	63,060	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	53,627	...	...	54,243	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	130	...	...	14,480	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	88,889	...	...	84,743	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	77,090	...	...	73,243	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	40	...	...	6,975	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	0	...	...	52,420	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	0	...	...	47,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	135	85	50	16,075	7,445	8,630
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	19,904	19,776	20,160	25,004	25,933	24,552
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	19,776	19,648	19,968	23,882	24,082	23,722
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	120	85	40	16,220	7,635	8,590
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	24,455	23,118	27,216	31,554	31,487	31,614
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	22,559	21,544	24,654	27,319	26,949	27,648
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	1,040	540	500	111,740	53,300	58,450
In the bottom half of the distribution	795	405	390	86,440	40,800	45,640
In the bottom decile	120	60	60	16,970	8,140	8,835
In the second decile	215	105	110	19,880	9,010	10,870
In the third decile	185	100	90	21,350	10,125	11,230
In the fourth decile	150	75	75	16,480	7,895	8,580
In the fifth decile	125	65	60	11,760	5,635	6,125
In the top half of the distribution	250	140	110	25,305	12,495	12,810
In the sixth decile	100	60	40	8,335	4,060	4,275
In the seventh decile	70	40	35	6,295	3,120	3,180
In the eighth decile	35	20	15	4,850	2,410	2,440
In the ninth decile	35	15	15	3,455	1,735	1,715
In the top decile	5	0	5	2,370	1,170	1,200
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	1,040	540	500	111,745	53,295	58,450
0 to 17 years	240	120	115	26,750	13,390	13,360
0 to 5 years	70	35	35	10,445	5,255	5,185
18 to 64 years	615	320	295	65,970	31,810	34,160
65 years and over	185	100	90	19,025	8,100	10,920
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	205	100	100	27,070	12,510	14,560
0 to 17 years	55	25	30	8,345	4,245	4,095
0 to 5 years	10	5	10	3,415	1,715	1,700
18 to 64 years	115	60	55	15,150	7,070	8,080
65 years and over	40	20	15	3,580	1,195	2,385
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	19.7	18.5	20.0	24.2	23.5	24.9
0 to 17 years (%)	22.9	20.8	26.1	31.2	31.7	30.7
0 to 5 years (%)	14.3	14.3	28.6	32.7	32.6	32.8
18 to 64 years (%)	18.7	18.8	18.6	23.0	22.2	23.7
65 years and over (%)	21.6	20.0	16.7	18.8	14.8	21.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	60	30	35	20,330	9,580	10,750
0 to 17 years	5	0	10	6,195	3,165	3,025
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	2,565	1,275	1,295
18 to 64 years	40	25	20	11,855	5,700	6,150
65 years and over	5	5	5	2,280	710	1,575
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.8	5.6	7.0	18.2	18.0	18.4
0 to 17 years (%)	2.1	0.0	8.7	23.2	23.6	22.6
0 to 5 years (%)	0.0	0.0	0.0	24.6	24.3	25.0
18 to 64 years (%)	6.5	7.8	6.8	18.0	17.9	18.0
65 years and over (%)	2.7	5.0	5.6	12.0	8.8	14.4
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	1,040	540	500	111,765	53,370	58,395
Official languages	1,045	540	500	106,655	51,565	55,090
English	370	215	160	57,075	29,425	27,650
French	1,020	525	490	101,675	49,055	52,620
Non-official languages	25	15	15	82,685	39,465	43,220
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	25	10	10	82,675	39,465	43,210
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	21,600	11,080	10,525
Berber languages	0	0	0	3,850	2,020	1,825
Kabyle	0	0	0	2,355	1,205	1,150
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,535	835	700
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	20	10	10
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	15	0	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	19,885	10,155	9,725
Amharic	0	0	0	20	15	0
Arabic	0	0	0	19,855	10,145	9,710
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	20	10	10
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	20	25
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	5,335	2,575	2,760
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	1,435	675	760
Vietnamese	0	0	0	3,950	1,920	2,030
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	145	30	110
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	10	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	25	10	15
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	110	20	90
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	11,100	4,945	6,155
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	540	270	275
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10,595	4,695	5,900
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	15	10
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	1,135	605	530
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	1,135	605	530
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	25	10	10	39,780	18,640	21,140
Albanian	0	0	0	75	35	40
Armenian	0	0	0	45	30	15
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	1,510	715	790
Baltic languages	0	0	0	10	10	10
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	10	10	10
Slavic languages	10	0	0	1,500	710	785
Belarusan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	110	45	60
Croatian	0	0	0	80	45	30
Czech	0	10	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	385	170	220
Russian	0	0	0	555	285	270
Serbian	0	0	0	30	10	20
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	45	25	20
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	80	30	50
Ukrainian	0	0	0	410	185	225
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	10	0	270	130	135
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	20	0	25
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	10	10	0	235	120	115
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	10	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	350	160	185
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	1,460	695	765
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	1,145	560	585
Bengali	0	0	0	600	300	305
Gujarati	0	0	0	80	35	45
Hindi	0	0	0	105	50	60
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	45	25	20
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	150	70	75
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	10	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	90	40	50
Urdu	0	0	0	220	110	110
Iranian languages	0	0	0	315	135	180
Kurdish	0	0	0	175	80	100
Pashto	0	0	0	15	0	10
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	130	65	65
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Italic (Romance) languages	15	10	15	36,540	17,090	19,450
Catalan	0	0	0	15	10	10
Italian	0	0	0	22,760	10,465	12,290
Portuguese	10	0	0	1,815	830	985
Romanian	0	0	0	610	270	340
Spanish	20	0	15	12,950	6,175	6,775
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10
Japanese	0	0	0	55	30	20
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	20	10	10
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	15	10	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	1,300	630	670
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	25	15	10
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	45	25	20
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	70	35	35
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	480	210	270
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	55	30	25
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	70	25	45
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	125	70	60
Wolof	0	0	0	100	45	50
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	495	255	240
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	125	60	65
American Sign Language	0	0	0	15	0	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	55	25	35
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	65	35	35
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	2,460	1,100	1,360
Chinese languages	0	0	0	2,450	1,100	1,355
Cantonese	0	0	0	1,395	620	775
Hakka	0	0	0	10	10	10
Mandarin	0	0	0	730	290	430
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	630	260	365
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	245	140	105
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	290	145	150
Lao	0	0	0	275	135	140
Thai	0	0	0	30	0	20
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	1,285	630	655
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	1,255	605	650
Uyghur	0	0	0	25	15	10
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	50	25	25
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	50	25	25
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	1,040	540	500	111,765	53,370	58,390
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	1,035	535	500	95,210	45,495	49,720
Canadian citizens aged under 18	235	110	125	23,585	11,800	11,785
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	800	425	375	71,630	33,695	37,935
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	0	10	0	16,550	7,880	8,670
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	1,040	540	500	111,760	53,375	58,395
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	1,015	525	495	54,970	26,500	28,470
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	20	20	10	55,290	26,130	29,160
Before 1981	20	10	0	14,540	6,505	8,035
1981 to 1990	0	0	0	5,775	2,920	2,855
1991 to 2000	0	0	0	8,550	3,975	4,570
2001 to 2010	0	10	0	15,210	7,370	7,840
2001 to 2005	0	0	0	5,830	2,870	2,960
2006 to 2010	10	10	0	9,385	4,500	4,885
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	0	0	0	11,215	5,355	5,860
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	0	0	0	1,510	745	760
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	25	20	0	55,290	26,130	29,160
Under 5 years	10	0	10	5,045	2,505	2,535
5 to 14 years	0	10	0	8,435	4,055	4,385
15 to 24 years	10	0	0	13,165	5,640	7,530
25 to 44 years	10	10	0	25,350	12,400	12,950
45 years and over	0	0	0	3,290	1,535	1,755
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	20	15	0	55,290	26,130	29,160
Americas	0	0	0	16,250	7,375	8,875
Brazil	0	0	0	50	15	35
Colombia	0	0	0	770	385	385
El Salvador	0	0	0	1,065	515	550
Guyana	0	0	0	45	25	20
Haiti	0	0	0	8,635	3,795	4,840
Jamaica	0	0	0	20	15	0
Mexico	0	0	0	645	235	410
Peru	0	0	0	1,065	465	600
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	10	10	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	0	0	0	575	305	270
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	3,385	1,615	1,765
Europe	20	15	0	13,840	6,180	7,655
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	30	15	15
Croatia	0	0	0	65	25	35
France	10	0	10	580	270	310
Germany	0	0	0	55	35	20
Greece	0	0	0	115	50	60
Hungary	0	0	0	25	10	15
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	10	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	10,405	4,675	5,735
Netherlands	0	0	0	10	0	10
Poland	0	0	0	225	85	135
Portugal	0	0	0	965	410	555
Romania	0	0	0	475	205	265
Russian Federation	0	0	0	85	40	45
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	0	0	0	20	10	15
Ukraine	0	0	0	200	90	105
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	0	0	0	65	35	25
Other places of birth in Europe	10	10	0	525	220	305
Africa	0	0	0	16,735	8,550	8,185
Algeria	0	0	0	8,475	4,345	4,130
Egypt	0	0	0	180	100	75
Ethiopia	0	0	0	10	0	10
Kenya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	4,995	2,565	2,430
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	3,075	1,535	1,540
Asia	0	0	0	8,460	4,020	4,440
Afghanistan	0	0	0	35	0	25
Bangladesh	0	0	0	310	155	155
China^{Census data footnote 59}	0	0	0	580	210	375
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	50	25	20
India	0	0	0	115	45	70
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	75	40	30
Iraq	0	0	0	35	20	20
Japan	0	0	0	15	10	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	30	15	15
Lebanon	0	0	0	900	465	435
Pakistan	0	0	0	145	85	65
Philippines	0	0	0	105	15	90
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	715	365	345
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	170	85	85
Taiwan	0	0	0	15	10	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	2,595	1,220	1,375
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	2,585	1,260	1,325
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	0	0	0	11,215	5,355	5,860
Americas	0	0	0	3,860	1,865	1,990
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	240	120	125
Cuba	0	0	0	170	95	70
Haiti	0	0	0	2,355	1,100	1,250
Jamaica	0	0	0	15	10	0
Mexico	0	0	0	175	70	100
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	0	0	0	215	120	95
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	25	10	15
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	665	335	330
Europe	0	0	0	450	250	205
France	0	0	0	130	60	65
Germany	0	0	0	10	10	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	10	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	45	20	25
Romania	0	0	0	40	15	25
Russian Federation	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	75	50	30
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	0	0	0	10	10	10
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	120	75	45
Africa	0	0	0	6,115	2,925	3,190
Algeria	0	0	0	3,155	1,485	1,665
Cameroon	0	0	0	255	120	130
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	140	85	50
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	115	55	65
Egypt	0	0	0	45	15	25
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	10	10	10
Morocco	0	0	0	1,640	795	850
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	405	180	225
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	350	180	175
Asia	0	0	0	795	315	480
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	15	0	10
China^{Census data footnote 59}	0	0	0	45	10	35
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	15	0	10
Iraq	0	0	0	25	10	10
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	10	0	10
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	85	50	30
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	30	20	10
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	10
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	90	25	65
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	50	20	35
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	80	50	30
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	10	0	10
Viet Nam	0	0	0	180	55	125
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	160	65	100
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	1,040	540	500	111,765	53,370	58,390
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	25	20	10	57,095	27,015	30,080
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	75	30	50	32,895	16,260	16,635
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	940	495	445	21,775	10,095	11,675
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	10	10	0	41,425	19,970	21,450
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	0	0	0	17,960	9,825	8,135
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	0	0	0	8,620	5,870	2,755
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	0	0	0	9,340	3,950	5,385
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	0	10	0	14,375	5,390	8,990
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	0	0	0	8,200	4,300	3,895
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	0	0	0	890	465	430
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	1,045	540	500	111,760	53,370	58,390
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	0	0	0	420	150	270
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	0	0	0	405	150	255
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	0	0	0	175	65	100
Métis	0	0	0	215	80	135
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	15	0	15
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	0	0	0	10	10	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	1,040	540	500	111,345	53,215	58,125
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	1,045	545	500	111,765	53,370	58,390
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	0	0	0	55	20	35
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,040	540	500	111,705	53,355	58,355
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	1,040	540	500	111,760	53,375	58,390
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	0	0	0	185	85	105
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	0	0	0	180	85	105
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	0	0	0	155	70	85
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	15	10	10
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	10	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	0	0	0	0	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	35	20	15	750	245	505
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	35	20	15	750	245	505
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	35	20	15	640	220	420
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	105	25	80
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	10	0	10
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	1,005	520	485	110,830	53,040	57,785
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	1,040	540	500	111,765	53,370	58,390
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	0	10	0	55,885	27,235	28,655
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	0	0	0	2,430	1,255	1,170
Chinese	0	0	0	1,895	850	1,050
Black	10	0	0	17,240	8,060	9,175
Filipino	0	0	0	130	40	95
Latin American	0	0	0	9,010	4,355	4,655
Arab	0	0	0	17,880	9,150	8,725
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	0	0	0	5,670	2,775	2,895
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	0	0	0	380	165	215
Korean	0	0	0	35	25	15
Japanese	0	0	0	35	10	30
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	0	0	0	225	125	105
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	0	0	0	955	440	520
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	1,040	540	500	55,875	26,140	29,740
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	1,045	540	500	111,765	53,370	58,395
North American Aboriginal origins	35	20	15	935	330	605
First Nations (North American Indian)	35	20	15	800	295	500
Inuit	0	0	0	15	0	10
Métis	0	0	0	130	35	90
Other North American origins	690	340	355	16,780	7,730	9,060
Acadian	0	0	0	160	80	80
American	10	0	0	255	135	120
Canadian	670	330	335	15,355	7,055	8,305
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	10	10	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Québécois	25	10	15	1,265	580	685
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	515	285	230	40,320	18,715	21,605
British Isles origins	150	100	50	2,845	1,305	1,545
Channel Islander	0	0	0	10	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0	0	0
English	35	30	10	1,055	495	560
Irish	75	45	30	1,525	660	865
Manx	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish	75	50	30	640	300	345
Welsh	0	0	0	10	0	0
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	0	0	0	80	55	25
French origins	410	215	195	7,525	3,255	4,265
Alsatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	45	10	35
Corsican	0	0	0	10	10	0
French	410	215	200	7,485	3,240	4,245
Western European origins (except French origins)	20	10	10	1,045	460	585
Austrian	0	0	0	60	35	20
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	0	0	0	190	80	110
Dutch	0	0	0	130	55	75
Flemish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	10	0	645	275	365
Luxembourger	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss	15	10	0	70	35	30
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	25	20	0	120	80	45
Danish	0	0	0	15	10	0
Finnish	20	15	10	35	25	10
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	20	15	0
Swedish	25	15	10	40	25	15
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	0	0	0	10	10	0
Eastern European origins	30	15	10	2,415	1,115	1,305
Bulgarian	10	0	0	120	60	60
Byelorussian	0	0	0	35	20	10
Czech	0	0	0	15	10	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	110	50	65
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	30	15	15
Moldovan	0	0	0	65	30	35
Polish	20	15	10	715	345	370
Romanian	0	0	0	625	290	335
Russian	0	0	0	330	150	175
Slovak	10	0	10	25	15	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	740	335	400
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins	10	10	0	29,995	14,185	15,810
Albanian	0	0	0	50	30	25
Bosnian	0	0	0	20	10	15
Catalan	0	0	0	15	0	10
Croatian	0	0	0	140	80	55
Cypriot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	650	335	315
Italian	10	10	0	25,510	12,040	13,470
Kosovar	0	0	0	45	20	25
Macedonian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	2,095	975	1,125
Serbian	0	0	0	75	40	35
Sicilian	0	0	0	65	40	25
Slovenian	0	0	0	110	50	55
Spanish	0	0	0	2,280	1,075	1,205
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	0	0	0	80	25	55
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	0	0	0	160	75	85
Basque	0	0	0	35	15	20
Jewish	0	0	0	65	35	30
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	0	0	0	55	20	30
Caribbean origins	0	0	0	14,625	6,750	7,875
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Barbadian	0	0	0	30	20	15
Bermudan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	560	285	275
Dominican	0	0	0	1,165	500	665
Grenadian	0	0	0	20	0	15
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	25	10	15
Haitian	0	0	0	12,745	5,855	6,895
Jamaican	0	0	0	120	70	50
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	35	10	25
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	10	10	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	20	10	15
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	35	20	15
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	0	0	0	115	65	45
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	0	0	0	125	50	80
Latin, Central and South American origins	0	0	0	8,585	4,130	4,455
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	0	0	0	280	150	130
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	145	70	80
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	15	15	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	80	30	50
Chilean	0	0	0	420	185	230
Colombian	0	0	0	1,080	535	540
Costa Rican	0	0	0	45	20	25
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	210	90	120
Guatemalan	0	0	0	1,130	595	535
Guyanese	0	0	0	40	20	15
Hispanic	0	0	0	70	45	25
Honduran	0	0	0	650	335	315
Maya	0	0	0	120	50	70
Mexican	0	0	0	1,005	435	570
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	210	85	125
Panamanian	0	0	0	80	55	25
Paraguayan	0	0	0	20	0	15
Peruvian	0	0	0	1,390	650	740
Salvadorean	0	0	0	1,770	860	905
Uruguayan	0	0	0	85	35	50
Venezuelan	0	0	0	170	65	105
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	0	0	0	455	260	195
African origins	10	0	0	24,480	12,440	12,040
Central and West African origins	0	0	0	2,275	1,125	1,145
Akan	0	0	0	10	10	10
Angolan	0	0	0	55	15	40
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	75	45	35
Burkinabe	0	0	0	55	30	25
Cameroonian	0	0	0	430	200	225
Chadian	0	0	0	20	15	0
Congolese	0	0	0	895	415	480
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	15	0	10
Gabonese	0	0	0	10	10	0
Gambian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Guinean	0	0	0	100	55	45
Ibo	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	160	90	75
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	10	10	10
Malinké	0	0	0	10	10	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Peulh	0	0	0	45	15	30
Senegalese	0	0	0	135	75	60
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	85	50	35
Wolof	0	0	0	20	10	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	15	10	10
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	0	0	0	200	100	100
North African origins	0	10	0	19,735	10,115	9,615
Algerian	0	0	0	8,360	4,260	4,095
Berber	0	0	0	3,900	1,960	1,945
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	315	170	145
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	6,235	3,175	3,060
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	1,470	835	635
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	345	170	170
Southern and East African origins	0	0	0	430	210	220
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	165	80	80
Burundian	0	0	0	65	40	25
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	25	10	10
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	25	0	20
Mauritian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	40	20	25
Seychellois	0	0	0	30	0	20
Somali	0	0	0	20	0	10
South African	0	0	0	10	10	10
Tanzanian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	0	0	0	35	20	15
Other African origins	0	0	0	2,150	1,040	1,105
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	0	0	0	115	45	70
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	0	0	0	2,065	1,005	1,055
Asian origins	0	0	0	18,370	8,960	9,410
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	0	0	0	7,645	3,795	3,850
Afghan	0	0	0	50	20	35
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	0	0	0	3,770	1,860	1,915
Armenian	0	0	0	145	100	45
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	20	15	10
Georgian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	140	80	65
Iraqi	0	0	0	55	25	30
Israeli	0	0	0	20	10	15
Jordanian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	15	10	0
Kurd	0	0	0	455	215	245
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	0	0	0	1,695	855	845
Palestinian	0	0	0	70	45	20
Pashtun	0	0	0	10	0	10
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Syrian	0	0	0	330	155	175
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	0	0	0	1,100	525	575
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	50	30	20
Uzbek	0	0	0	10	0	10
Yemeni	0	0	0	40	25	15
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins	0	0	0	2,370	1,215	1,155
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	365	180	190
Bengali	0	0	0	200	105	90
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	0	0	0	450	195	255
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	35	20	15
Pakistani	0	0	0	270	145	125
Punjabi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	1,005	540	460
Tamil	0	0	0	170	85	80
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	0	0	50	30	25
East and Southeast Asian origins	0	0	0	8,400	3,970	4,435
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	1,490	700	795
Chinese	0	0	0	3,335	1,505	1,835
Filipino	0	0	0	160	55	105
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Japanese	0	0	0	40	10	30
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	40	20	25
Laotian	0	0	0	370	205	165
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	15	10	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	10	10	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	10	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	80	35	40
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	4,055	2,000	2,060
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oceania origins	0	0	0	15	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	15	10	10
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	415	...	...	44,325	...	...
Owner	325	...	...	14,490	...	...
Renter	90	...	...	29,830	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	415	...	...	44,325	...	...
Condominium	0	...	...	4,825	...	...
Not condominium	415	...	...	39,495	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	415	...	...	44,325	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	120	...	...
1 bedroom	35	...	...	7,410	...	...
2 bedrooms	115	...	...	16,485	...	...
3 bedrooms	140	...	...	17,545	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	130	...	...	2,755	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	415	...	...	44,325	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	70	...	...	21,915	...	...
5 rooms	65	...	...	12,575	...	...
6 rooms	80	...	...	3,360	...	...
7 rooms	75	...	...	2,785	...	...
8 or more rooms	125	...	...	3,690	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.6	...	...	4.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	415	...	...	44,320	...	...
One person or fewer per room	415	...	...	41,910	...	...
More than 1 person per room	10	...	...	2,415	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	415	...	...	44,325	...	...
Suitable	410	...	...	38,565	...	...
Not suitable	10	...	...	5,760	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	415	...	...	44,325	...	...
1960 or before	205	...	...	9,030	...	...
1961 to 1980	90	...	...	26,035	...	...
1981 to 1990	25	...	...	3,705	...	...
1991 to 2000	60	...	...	2,285	...	...
2001 to 2005	0	...	...	970	...	...
2006 to 2010	20	...	...	1,445	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	15	...	...	860	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	415	...	...	44,325	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	365	...	...	41,340	...	...
Major repairs needed	50	...	...	2,985	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	415	...	...	44,325	...	...
1 household maintainer	290	...	...	30,085	...	...
2 household maintainers	100	...	...	12,975	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	20	...	...	1,265	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	415	...	...	44,325	...	...
15 to 24 years	0	...	...	900	...	...
25 to 34 years	15	...	...	5,060	...	...
35 to 44 years	90	...	...	8,975	...	...
45 to 54 years	60	...	...	9,260	...	...
55 to 64 years	100	...	...	7,470	...	...
65 to 74 years	75	...	...	5,845	...	...
75 to 84 years	60	...	...	5,050	...	...
85 years and over	0	...	...	1,765	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	375	...	...	44,255	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	325	...	...	31,215	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	50	...	...	13,040	...	...
30% to less than 100%	45	...	...	11,735	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	290	...	...	14,485	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	52.6	...	...	48.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	8.8	...	...	26.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	500	...	...	1,002	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	633	...	...	1,268	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	149,667	...	...	499,731	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	174,805	...	...	486,073	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	85	...	...	29,835	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	0.0	...	...	6.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	23.5	...	...	30.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	451	...	...	766	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	477	...	...	798	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	835	445	395	88,655	41,790	46,865
No certificate, diploma or degree	220	155	70	25,830	11,645	14,185
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	190	90	100	20,100	9,495	10,600
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	420	200	225	42,730	20,655	22,075
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	175	100	80	12,600	6,645	5,955
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	135	60	75	9,180	4,435	4,745
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	40	35	10	3,420	2,210	1,215
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	150	65	85	13,210	5,805	7,405
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	10	10	10	3,095	1,250	1,845
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	85	30	55	13,825	6,955	6,865
Bachelor's degree	60	20	45	9,300	4,440	4,860
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	10	0	10	1,770	950	820
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	325	140	185
Master's degree	10	10	10	2,085	1,180	910
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	10	0	0	340	245	90
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	525	270	250	57,045	27,395	29,650
No certificate, diploma or degree	110	80	30	10,850	5,295	5,555
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	95	40	55	12,035	5,830	6,205
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	325	155	165	34,155	16,270	17,890
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	145	80	65	9,475	4,720	4,760
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	115	55	60	7,145	3,300	3,845
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	25	25	0	2,335	1,415	915
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	115	55	65	9,850	4,395	5,455
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	10	10	10	2,605	1,065	1,540
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	55	25	35	12,230	6,090	6,140
Bachelor's degree	45	10	35	8,200	3,905	4,290
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	1,615	860	755
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	265	90	170
Master's degree	0	10	0	1,840	1,020	825
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	0	10	0	310	215	95
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	835	440	390	88,660	41,795	46,860
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	415	245	170	45,925	21,140	24,785
Education	45	0	45	2,130	435	1,690
13. Education	45	0	45	2,130	435	1,690
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	1,365	690	670
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	295	230	65
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	1,070	460	610
Humanities	10	10	0	2,450	880	1,565
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	0	10	0	530	130	410
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	230	75	155
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	1,060	405	655
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	65	40	25
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	55	50	0
54. History	0	0	0	185	95	95
55. French language and literature/letters	10	0	0	315	100	220
Social and behavioural sciences and law	40	10	25	5,040	1,555	3,495
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	25	0	20
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	10	0	10	320	155	165
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	15	0	10	1,515	100	1,420
22. Legal professions and studies	10	0	0	930	320	610
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	0	0	0	75	20	60
42. Psychology	10	0	0	330	75	255
45. Social sciences	10	15	0	1,840	880	965
Business, management and public administration	50	20	35	10,105	4,045	6,060
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	10	285	75	215
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	50	20	30	9,820	3,970	5,850
Physical and life sciences and technologies	10	0	10	1,850	1,000	855
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	585	235	350
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	315	190	125
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	185	110	75
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	655	410	245
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	10	0	110	55	60
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	15	10	0	2,375	1,670	710
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	0	10	0	2,050	1,510	535
25. Library science	0	0	0	90	10	80
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	10	0	205	120	85
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	35	30	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	110	100	10	8,120	7,350	775
04. Architecture and related services	10	0	0	200	140	60
14. Engineering	0	0	0	2,230	1,830	400
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	10	15	0	1,520	1,365	160
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	40	40	0	1,780	1,710	70
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	30	25	0	1,590	1,530	60
48. Precision production	20	20	0	800	770	25
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	35	20	10	355	205	145
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	40	25	15	290	160	130
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	70	50	20
Health and related fields	45	0	35	5,575	1,160	4,420
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	0	0	0	165	70	95
51. Health professions and related programs	40	10	35	5,335	1,055	4,285
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	0	0	0	75	35	40
Personal, protective and transportation services	65	10	50	3,335	1,665	1,675
12. Personal and culinary services	45	0	45	2,255	675	1,575
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	10	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	565	495	75
49. Transportation and materials moving	15	15	0	520	490	30
Other	0	0	0	15	0	10
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	10	0	10
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	525	270	250	57,045	27,395	29,645
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	200	115	80	22,885	11,125	11,755
Education	20	0	20	1,605	300	1,310
13. Education	15	0	20	1,605	300	1,305
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	1,060	535	525
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	220	170	55
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	830	365	470
Humanities	0	0	0	1,725	585	1,140
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	0	10	0	460	105	355
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	195	60	130
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	590	230	355
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	40	15	20
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	40	25	0
54. History	0	0	0	160	75	80
55. French language and literature/letters	10	0	0	250	70	180
Social and behavioural sciences and law	25	0	25	4,115	1,245	2,865
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	20	0	25
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	290	135	155
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	10	0	15	1,230	60	1,175
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	800	260	540
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	0	0	0	65	20	45
42. Psychology	0	0	10	255	60	200
45. Social sciences	0	0	0	1,450	710	735
Business, management and public administration	50	25	25	8,290	3,290	5,000
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	10	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	230	60	165
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	45	20	20	8,060	3,230	4,830
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	1,380	700	675
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	515	205	310
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	180	100	85
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	50	40	10
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	530	305	225
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	105	55	50
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	15	10	0	2,200	1,555	645
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10	10	0	1,920	1,430	490
25. Library science	0	0	0	80	10	70
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	10	0	165	90	75
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	30	25	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	80	75	10	6,360	5,655	700
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	165	115	50
14. Engineering	0	0	0	2,035	1,645	385
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	0	0	0	1,280	1,145	140
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	30	30	0	1,175	1,110	60
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	20	25	0	1,230	1,175	55
48. Precision production	20	20	0	480	460	15
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	35	25	10	305	175	135
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	35	25	10	260	140	120
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	50	40	10
Health and related fields	35	0	30	4,545	930	3,615
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	0	0	0	145	55	90
51. Health professions and related programs	40	0	30	4,350	860	3,490
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	0	0	0	55	15	40
Personal, protective and transportation services	55	10	45	2,555	1,285	1,275
12. Personal and culinary services	40	0	40	1,680	465	1,215
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	10	0	0	450	405	45
49. Transportation and materials moving	10	15	0	425	410	15
Other	0	0	0	10	10	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	15	10	10
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	835	445	390	88,660	41,790	46,865
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	415	240	170	45,930	21,140	24,785
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	425	200	225	42,730	20,655	22,075
Location of study inside Canada	415	190	225	31,785	14,765	17,025
Same as province or territory of residence	405	185	215	31,275	14,520	16,760
Different than province or territory of residence	15	10	10	510	240	265
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	0	10	0	10,945	5,895	5,055
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	0	0	0	275	165	110
Philippines	0	0	0	60	10	55
India	0	0	0	30	10	20
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	0	0	0	65	50	15
China^{Census data footnote 162}	0	0	0	135	50	85
France	0	0	0	650	470	180
Other	0	0	0	9,720	5,140	4,585
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	525	275	255	57,045	27,395	29,650
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	205	115	85	22,885	11,125	11,760
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	320	155	170	34,155	16,265	17,890
Location of study inside Canada	325	155	170	24,480	11,170	13,305
Same as province or territory of residence	320	150	170	24,115	10,990	13,130
Different than province or territory of residence	10	0	0	360	185	180
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	0	0	0	9,675	5,090	4,580
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	0	0	0	200	120	80
Philippines	0	0	0	25	0	30
India	0	0	0	30	10	20
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	0	0	0	45	35	10
China^{Census data footnote 162}	0	0	0	115	45	75
France	0	0	0	575	410	165
Other	0	0	0	8,685	4,480	4,210
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	835	445	395	88,660	41,790	46,865
In the labour force	475	275	200	52,120	27,245	24,870
Employed	430	230	195	45,705	23,820	21,880
Unemployed	50	40	0	6,415	3,425	2,990
Not in the labour force	355	170	190	36,535	14,545	21,990
Participation rate	56.9	61.8	50.6	58.8	65.2	53.1
Employment rate	51.5	51.7	49.4	51.6	57.0	46.7
Unemployment rate	10.5	14.5	0.0	12.3	12.6	12.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	835	445	390	88,655	41,790	46,865
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	325	150	175	37,585	15,155	22,435
Worked	510	290	220	51,070	26,640	24,430
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	175	105	70	21,785	12,175	9,610
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	330	180	150	29,285	14,465	14,825
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.4	42.2	40.4	40.9	41.3	40.4
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	475	275	200	52,120	27,250	24,870
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	15	10	10	3,135	1,535	1,605
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	460	265	195	48,985	25,715	23,270
Employee	385	210	170	44,080	22,370	21,710
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	75	55	25	4,905	3,345	1,560
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	475	275	200	52,120	27,250	24,870
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	15	10	0	3,135	1,535	1,600
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	465	265	195	48,985	25,715	23,270
0 Management occupations	70	50	25	3,335	2,100	1,235
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	60	30	35	8,400	2,980	5,420
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	10	0	10	2,750	2,280	465
3 Health occupations	20	0	15	3,640	760	2,885
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	50	0	45	4,740	1,055	3,680
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	0	0	0	820	465	355
6 Sales and service occupations	85	50	30	15,255	7,745	7,505
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	90	75	10	5,765	5,510	250
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	30	15	10	355	290	60
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	40	45	0	3,925	2,520	1,405
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	475	275	200	52,120	27,245	24,870
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	15	10	10	3,135	1,530	1,600
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	465	265	195	48,985	25,715	23,275
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	90	70	20	215	125	90
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	20	15	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0	125	85	40
23 Construction	35	30	10	1,815	1,660	160
31-33 Manufacturing	80	55	30	6,300	4,265	2,035
41 Wholesale trade	10	0	0	2,490	1,570	925
44-45 Retail trade	60	30	30	6,175	2,915	3,265
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	40	35	10	2,730	2,210	525
51 Information and cultural industries	0	0	0	1,145	760	385
52 Finance and insurance	15	10	0	2,225	920	1,305
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	845	530	315
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	0	0	0	2,700	1,560	1,140
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	45	20	30
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	20	15	10	3,940	2,430	1,510
61 Educational services	35	10	30	2,795	820	1,975
62 Health care and social assistance	35	0	35	6,910	1,345	5,565
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	10	10	0	570	300	270
72 Accommodation and food services	0	0	0	3,960	2,185	1,770
81 Other services (except public administration)	15	10	0	2,305	1,115	1,195
91 Public administration	15	10	10	1,675	895	780
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	430	235	195	45,705	23,825	21,885
Worked at home	80	45	35	1,820	935	885
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	125	85	40
No fixed workplace address	35	30	0	4,930	3,595	1,335
Worked at usual place	310	155	155	38,830	19,205	19,625
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	310	160	160	38,830	19,200	19,630
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	30	15	15	32,685	15,285	17,400
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	75	55	20	2,175	1,365	810
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	205	90	115	3,880	2,500	1,380
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	90	50	35
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	350	185	160	43,765	22,800	20,960
Car, truck, van - as a driver	325	175	150	25,265	15,630	9,635
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	20	10	10	1,690	485	1,205
Public transit	0	0	0	14,515	5,735	8,770
Walked	0	0	0	1,720	565	1,155
Bicycle	0	0	0	225	180	45
Other method	0	0	0	350	205	150
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	345	185	160	43,760	22,800	20,960
Less than 15 minutes	55	35	25	6,565	3,095	3,470
15 to 29 minutes	160	95	65	12,125	6,610	5,515
30 to 44 minutes	65	30	35	11,035	6,350	4,685
45 to 59 minutes	40	20	25	7,300	3,560	3,740
60 minutes and over	25	10	10	6,735	3,180	3,555
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	345	185	160	43,760	22,800	20,960
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	10	10	0	3,310	2,380	940
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	95	50	45	8,145	4,705	3,440
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	125	60	60	11,545	5,205	6,345
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	35	15	20	7,210	3,115	4,095
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	15	10	15	5,415	2,565	2,845
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	70	55	20	8,130	4,835	3,300
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	525	300	225	53,440	27,795	25,645
Single responses	510	285	225	43,865	22,690	21,175
Official languages	510	290	225	42,885	22,230	20,655
English	35	20	15	8,320	4,420	3,905
French	470	265	210	34,565	17,820	16,745
Non-official languages	0	0	0	980	455	525
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	980	455	525
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	75	40	40
Berber languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Kabyle	0	0	0	10	0	10
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	65	40	25
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	70	40	30
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	260	125	135
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	50	20	35
Vietnamese	0	0	0	210	105	105
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	50	20	35
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	10	0	10
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	45	20	25
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	20	15	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	25	15	10
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	310	120	190
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	25	10	25
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	25	0	25
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	10
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	15	0	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	10	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	10	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	260	100	165
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	80	35	45
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	175	60	110
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	225	125	100
Chinese languages	0	0	0	225	120	105
Cantonese	0	0	0	155	95	60
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	50	20	30
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	30	0	25
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	30	10	25
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	15	15	10	9,570	5,100	4,470
English and French	15	15	0	8,175	4,405	3,765
English and non-official language	0	0	0	160	80	85
French and non-official language	0	0	0	505	255	250
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	735	365	365
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	525	300	230	53,435	27,795	25,645
None	405	235	170	31,500	16,020	15,480
English	90	45	45	12,945	7,070	5,870
French	25	10	10	5,430	2,855	2,565
Non-official language	0	10	0	2,415	1,245	1,170
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	10	10	0	2,410	1,250	1,170
English and French	0	0	0	30	15	20
English and non-official language	0	0	0	860	440	425
French and non-official language	0	0	0	265	145	120
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	1,030	530	500	110,025	52,520	57,500
Non-movers	950	490	460	96,740	45,890	50,845
Movers	80	35	45	13,285	6,630	6,655
Non-migrants	30	15	20	10,210	5,155	5,055
Migrants	50	25	25	3,075	1,470	1,600
Internal migrants	45	25	25	1,200	605	595
Intraprovincial migrants	50	25	20	1,025	520	505
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	175	90	85
External migrants	0	0	0	1,870	865	1,005
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	985	515	465	103,015	48,905	54,105
Non-movers	790	420	370	61,640	28,615	33,025
Movers	195	100	95	41,370	20,290	21,075
Non-migrants	85	45	35	29,610	14,545	15,060
Migrants	115	50	60	11,765	5,745	6,020
Internal migrants	115	50	60	2,795	1,420	1,380
Intraprovincial migrants	105	50	55	2,480	1,265	1,220
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	10	315	155	165
External migrants	0	0	0	8,965	4,325	4,640

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Durham-Sud, MÉ [Census subdivision], Quebec and Saint-Léonard--Saint-Michel [Federal electoral district], Quebec (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 5, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Durham-Sud, Municipalité [Census subdivision], Quebec and Saint-Léonard--Saint-Michel [Federal electoral district], Quebec

Census Profile, 2016 Census Durham-Sud, Municipalité [Census subdivision], Quebec and Saint-Léonard--Saint-Michel [Federal electoral district], Quebec

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Durham-Sud, Municipalité [Census subdivision], Quebec and Saint-Léonard--Saint-Michel [Federal electoral district], Quebec