Census Profile, 2016 Census
Lanaudière [Economic region], Quebec and Manitoba [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Lanaudière Quebec [Economic region]			Manitoba [Province]
	Data quality , Lanaudière [Economic region], Quebec Map : Lanaudière [Economic region], Quebec Change geography 1			Data quality : Manitoba [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	494,796	...	...	1,278,365	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	471,748	...	...	1,208,268	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	4.9	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	222,662	...	...	539,748	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	202,142	...	...	489,050	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	39.8	...	...	2.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	12,423.38	...	...	552,370.99	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	494,795	245,315	249,480	1,278,365	631,400	646,970
0 to 14 years	86,345	44,270	42,070	243,820	125,110	118,710
0 to 4 years	27,850	14,315	13,535	81,065	41,710	39,355
5 to 9 years	31,330	16,070	15,265	83,375	42,565	40,805
10 to 14 years	27,160	13,890	13,270	79,380	40,835	38,545
15 to 64 years	323,945	161,555	162,390	835,580	417,260	418,320
15 to 19 years	27,705	14,205	13,500	82,440	42,555	39,890
20 to 24 years	28,470	14,670	13,805	86,760	44,465	42,295
25 to 29 years	26,310	13,155	13,150	86,695	43,570	43,125
30 to 34 years	28,760	14,150	14,610	85,185	42,210	42,975
35 to 39 years	33,040	16,175	16,860	81,105	39,885	41,215
40 to 44 years	31,195	15,565	15,635	79,325	39,530	39,795
45 to 49 years	32,330	16,060	16,270	79,350	39,220	40,130
50 to 54 years	40,055	19,970	20,085	89,840	44,485	45,355
55 to 59 years	41,010	20,285	20,725	87,765	43,555	44,210
60 to 64 years	35,070	17,320	17,750	77,110	37,780	39,325
65 years and over	84,515	39,495	45,020	198,965	89,025	109,945
65 to 69 years	29,930	14,660	15,270	64,905	31,280	33,625
70 to 74 years	22,875	11,265	11,615	45,980	21,940	24,040
75 to 79 years	14,340	6,810	7,530	33,555	15,250	18,305
80 to 84 years	9,335	4,050	5,285	25,315	10,740	14,575
85 years and over	8,030	2,710	5,320	29,210	9,810	19,395
85 to 89 years	5,350	2,035	3,315	17,335	6,460	10,875
90 to 94 years	2,110	585	1,530	8,945	2,710	6,230
95 to 99 years	505	85	415	2,520	580	1,940
100 years and over	60	10	55	415	60	350
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.5	18.0	16.9	19.1	19.8	18.3
15 to 64 years	65.5	65.9	65.1	65.4	66.1	64.7
65 years and over	17.1	16.1	18.0	15.6	14.1	17.0
85 years and over	1.6	1.1	2.1	2.3	1.6	3.0
Average age of the population	41.3	40.6	42.0	39.2	38.2	40.2
Median age of the population	42.6	41.9	43.4	38.3	37.2	39.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	202,140	...	...	489,050	...	...
Single-detached house	135,110	...	...	331,420	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,800	...	...	39,080	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	63,815	...	...	108,120	...	...
Semi-detached house	9,965	...	...	15,865	...	...
Row house	2,875	...	...	17,225	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	9,635	...	...	7,065	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	40,445	...	...	67,205	...	...
Other single-attached house	900	...	...	755	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	1,415	...	...	10,435	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	202,140	...	...	489,050	...	...
1 person	54,565	...	...	135,500	...	...
2 persons	73,935	...	...	164,880	...	...
3 persons	31,735	...	...	71,065	...	...
4 persons	27,695	...	...	66,675	...	...
5 or more persons	14,205	...	...	50,930	...	...
Number of persons in private households	486,285	...	...	1,240,700	...	...
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	408,455	201,050	207,410	1,034,545	506,280	528,260
Married or living common law	244,580	122,155	122,420	593,615	297,280	296,335
Married	135,095	67,510	67,585	503,390	252,210	251,175
Living common law	109,485	54,645	54,835	90,230	45,075	45,155
Not married and not living common law	163,875	78,890	84,985	440,925	209,000	231,930
Never married	109,855	59,965	49,890	300,415	162,440	137,980
Separated	5,400	2,490	2,910	24,845	11,080	13,765
Divorced	27,170	11,365	15,805	54,860	22,780	32,080
Widowed	21,460	5,075	16,380	60,805	12,700	48,100
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	144,355	...	...	346,160	...	...
2 persons	75,705	...	...	171,435	...	...
3 persons	30,800	...	...	71,630	...	...
4 persons	26,830	...	...	65,500	...	...
5 or more persons	11,025	...	...	37,600	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	144,360	...	...	346,160	...	...
Total couple families	120,590	...	...	287,200	...	...
Married couples	65,865	...	...	242,100	...	...
Common-law couples	54,725	...	...	45,100	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	23,770	...	...	58,960	...	...
Female parent	17,320	...	...	45,930	...	...
Male parent	6,450	...	...	13,025	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	120,595	...	...	287,205	...	...
Couples without children	61,480	...	...	137,135	...	...
Couples with children	59,110	...	...	150,070	...	...
1 child	23,625	...	...	55,730	...	...
2 children	25,025	...	...	59,965	...	...
3 or more children	10,460	...	...	34,375	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	23,770	...	...	58,960	...	...
1 child	14,220	...	...	34,305	...	...
2 children	7,175	...	...	15,895	...	...
3 or more children	2,370	...	...	8,765	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	76,300	38,500	37,800	212,415	104,435	107,980
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	202,140	...	...	489,050	...	...
One-census-family households	139,625	...	...	323,125	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	59,640	...	...	130,475	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	79,985	...	...	192,650	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	2,335	...	...	11,110	...	...
Non-census-family households	60,185	...	...	154,815	...	...
One-person households	54,565	...	...	135,495	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	5,615	...	...	19,315	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	490,285	243,665	246,625	1,261,620	624,095	637,520
English only	1,890	985	900	1,135,395	566,980	568,410
French only	311,305	146,200	165,100	1,485	680	800
English and French	175,965	96,010	79,955	108,460	49,205	59,255
Neither English nor French	1,130	465	665	16,285	7,235	9,050
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	490,290	243,665	246,625	1,261,620	624,100	637,520
English	11,835	6,070	5,765	1,203,025	596,475	606,550
French	473,070	234,865	238,200	39,200	18,880	20,325
English and French	4,305	2,290	2,015	3,545	1,755	1,790
Neither English nor French	1,075	440	640	15,840	6,985	8,860
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	13,990	7,220	6,770	40,975	19,760	21,215
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	2.9	3.0	2.7	3.2	3.2	3.3
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	490,290	243,665	246,620	1,261,620	624,095	637,520
Single responses	484,345	240,650	243,695	1,230,115	608,820	621,300
Official languages	461,005	229,055	231,955	941,130	468,430	472,705
English	8,940	4,525	4,415	900,610	448,960	451,645
French	452,070	224,530	227,540	40,520	19,465	21,055
Non-official languages	23,335	11,600	11,735	288,985	140,395	148,590
Aboriginal languages	2,260	1,120	1,140	29,710	14,265	15,440
Algonquian languages	2,255	1,115	1,135	28,070	13,505	14,565
Blackfoot	5	0	0	5	0	5
Cree-Montagnais languages	2,245	1,120	1,130	14,820	7,085	7,740
Atikamekw	2,235	1,115	1,120	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	10	0	10	5	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	5
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	30	5	20
Plains Cree	0	0	0	70	25	40
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	745	305	440
Woods Cree	0	0	0	65	20	40
Cree, n.o.s.	0	5	0	13,915	6,725	7,195
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Malecite	0	0	0	0	5	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	10	5	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	5	0	13,235	6,410	6,825
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	6,730	3,180	3,550
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	6,505	3,235	3,265
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	815	375	445
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	815	380	440
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	810	375	435
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	5	80	20	60
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	65	20	45
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	10
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	5	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	80	40	40
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	5
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	630	305	330
Dakota	0	0	0	630	305	325
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	5	0	0	15	10	5
Non-Aboriginal languages	21,080	10,485	10,600	259,280	126,130	133,155
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,475	1,865	1,605	10,700	5,580	5,120
Berber languages	705	370	340	40	25	15
Kabyle	375	195	175	35	15	10
Berber languages, n.i.e.	335	170	160	10	10	5
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	1,750	875	875
Bilen	0	0	0	155	85	70
Oromo	0	0	0	345	175	170
Somali	0	0	0	1,245	610	640
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Semitic languages	2,760	1,490	1,265	8,840	4,640	4,200
Amharic	5	0	5	1,770	885	885
Arabic	2,745	1,485	1,260	4,695	2,500	2,190
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	5	5	545	320	225
Maltese	0	0	0	40	20	25
Tigrigna	0	0	0	1,770	905	865
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	65	35	30
Austro-Asiatic languages	415	190	225	4,180	1,970	2,205
Khmer (Cambodian)	225	100	120	280	135	145
Vietnamese	185	85	100	3,895	1,840	2,060
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	5	0	0
Austronesian languages	115	40	80	52,905	24,685	28,220
Bikol	0	0	0	175	80	95
Cebuano	10	0	5	1,245	565	675
Fijian	0	0	0	35	15	15
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	390	170	220
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,365	630	730
Malagasy	25	10	10	0	0	5
Malay	5	0	0	175	65	105
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	655	315	340
Pangasinan	0	0	0	135	65	70
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	75	20	50	48,530	22,670	25,855
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	50	30	25
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	150	70	85
Creole languages	3,815	1,665	2,150	570	275	305
Haitian Creole	125	55	70	20	10	10
Creole, n.o.s.	3,660	1,590	2,070	290	140	145
Creole languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	265	120	145
Dravidian languages	20	10	10	1,565	825	735
Kannada	0	0	0	95	50	40
Malayalam	0	0	0	790	410	380
Tamil	15	10	5	480	255	230
Telugu	0	0	0	195	115	80
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Indo-European languages	11,490	5,845	5,645	158,350	77,605	80,750
Albanian	60	35	25	350	170	180
Armenian	50	30	15	65	35	30
Balto-Slavic languages	955	445	510	34,450	15,845	18,605
Baltic languages	10	5	5	165	65	95
Latvian	0	0	0	80	35	45
Lithuanian	10	5	5	85	35	45
Slavic languages	940	445	500	34,280	15,775	18,510
Belarusan	0	0	0	40	20	25
Bosnian	20	10	10	575	285	290
Bulgarian	75	35	35	140	70	65
Croatian	30	20	15	1,030	505	530
Czech	35	20	15	615	310	310
Macedonian	5	5	0	145	70	75
Polish	325	155	165	6,455	2,905	3,545
Russian	285	115	175	9,130	4,495	4,640
Serbian	25	15	10	655	335	320
Serbo-Croatian	25	15	10	240	110	130
Slovak	15	10	5	405	175	225
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	10	10	270	130	140
Ukrainian	75	30	40	14,505	6,325	8,180
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	75	40	30
Celtic languages	5	5	5	115	60	55
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	50	25	20
Welsh	0	0	0	60	30	30
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	10	10	0
Germanic languages	315	160	165	68,670	33,310	35,360
Afrikaans	0	0	0	420	220	205
Danish	0	5	0	280	145	135
Dutch	45	20	25	2,675	1,335	1,335
Frisian	0	0	0	55	30	25
German	230	115	115	63,825	30,940	32,890
Icelandic	0	0	0	475	210	260
Norwegian	5	5	5	115	45	65
Swedish	10	5	0	135	70	70
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	10	10	310	125	180
Yiddish	0	0	0	355	175	180
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	25	10	10
Greek	270	170	100	1,285	665	615
Indo-Iranian languages	315	160	150	32,325	17,135	15,195
Indo-Aryan languages	165	85	80	29,520	15,700	13,820
Bengali	10	5	5	1,170	675	495
Gujarati	5	5	5	3,115	1,660	1,455
Hindi	15	5	5	2,270	1,215	1,060
Kashmiri	0	0	0	5	5	5
Konkani	0	0	0	35	20	15
Marathi	0	0	0	135	80	50
Nepali	90	40	50	720	355	365
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	10	5	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	10	10	18,320	9,650	8,670
Sindhi	0	0	5	60	30	30
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	0	670	345	320
Urdu	15	10	5	3,015	1,655	1,355
Iranian languages	140	75	70	2,705	1,365	1,335
Kurdish	30	15	15	415	210	200
Pashto	0	0	0	275	130	150
Persian (Farsi)	110	55	55	2,020	1,030	990
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	100	60	40
Italic (Romance) languages	9,525	4,840	4,680	21,100	10,385	10,710
Catalan	0	5	0	0	0	5
Italian	2,705	1,555	1,150	3,840	1,910	1,930
Portuguese	1,070	520	550	6,585	3,190	3,390
Romanian	695	350	345	645	310	335
Spanish	5,050	2,410	2,640	10,005	4,965	5,040
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	15	5	10
Japanese	35	15	25	540	185	350
Kartvelian languages	0	0	5	15	10	10
Georgian	0	0	5	15	5	5
Korean	25	10	15	3,760	1,810	1,950
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	20	5	15
Mongolian	0	0	0	20	5	15
Niger-Congo languages	690	330	355	3,895	1,965	1,930
Akan (Twi)	15	5	10	150	90	65
Bamanankan	25	15	10	75	25	45
Edo	0	0	0	40	20	15
Ewe	15	5	10	30	20	10
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	50	25	25	65	35	30
Ga	0	0	0	15	10	5
Ganda	0	0	0	50	20	30
Igbo	0	0	0	280	155	130
Lingala	100	55	50	75	30	40
Rundi (Kirundi)	95	45	50	135	60	65
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	85	35	45	250	125	120
Shona	0	0	0	110	50	60
Swahili	80	35	45	870	420	455
Wolof	65	30	35	75	50	25
Yoruba	5	5	5	1,030	525	505
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	140	70	70	640	315	325
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	10	15	395	215	180
Dinka	0	0	0	175	90	80
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	225	125	100
Sign languages	90	55	35	440	230	210
American Sign Language	0	0	0	240	125	115
Quebec Sign Language	55	30	20	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	35	20	15	195	100	95
Sino-Tibetan languages	435	205	225	18,880	9,320	9,565
Chinese languages	430	205	225	18,305	9,025	9,280
Cantonese	65	35	30	6,625	3,140	3,485
Hakka	0	0	0	55	30	25
Mandarin	295	140	155	10,170	5,110	5,060
Min Dong	0	0	0	5	5	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	10	10	325	150	165
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	0	110	55	50
Chinese, n.o.s.	45	20	20	1,010	530	475
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	575	295	285
Burmese	0	0	0	85	50	30
Karenic languages	0	0	0	430	215	220
Tibetan	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	20	35
Tai-Kadai languages	150	70	80	1,120	525	595
Lao	135	65	70	875	445	430
Thai	15	5	10	240	85	165
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	5	0	0
Turkic languages	215	120	95	340	190	150
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	30	20	15
Turkish	215	115	95	210	120	95
Uyghur	0	0	0	10	5	10
Uzbek	0	0	0	40	25	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	25	20
Uralic languages	90	50	40	1,440	655	790
Estonian	5	0	5	30	10	15
Finnish	5	0	0	225	85	135
Hungarian	80	50	35	1,185	550	635
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	155	85	70
Multiple responses	5,945	3,010	2,935	31,505	15,280	16,220
English and French	2,835	1,415	1,420	4,365	2,140	2,230
English and non-official language	300	170	135	25,965	12,530	13,440
French and non-official language	2,430	1,225	1,205	695	380	315
English, French and non-official language	385	205	180	470	230	245
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	490,285	243,665	246,620	1,261,620	624,100	637,520
Single responses	480,710	238,915	241,800	1,197,145	593,020	604,120
Official languages	470,950	234,180	236,770	1,052,345	521,280	531,065
English	8,790	4,440	4,345	1,035,475	513,465	522,010
French	462,165	229,740	232,425	16,865	7,815	9,055
Non-official languages	9,760	4,730	5,030	144,800	71,740	73,060
Aboriginal languages	2,080	1,025	1,055	15,770	8,020	7,750
Algonquian languages	2,080	1,030	1,055	15,070	7,675	7,390
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	2,075	1,025	1,050	7,570	3,860	3,715
Atikamekw	2,075	1,030	1,045	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	10	5	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	10	5	5
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	120	45	75
Woods Cree	0	0	0	15	10	5
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	7,415	3,790	3,620
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	7,495	3,820	3,675
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	2,505	1,280	1,225
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	4,990	2,545	2,455
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	635	305	330
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	635	305	330
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	630	305	330
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	15	5	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	5	10	5	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	10	5	10
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	35	25	10
Dakota	0	0	0	35	25	10
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	7,680	3,700	3,975	129,035	63,725	65,310
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,065	530	535	6,875	3,475	3,400
Berber languages	250	125	135	20	15	5
Kabyle	135	60	75	15	10	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	120	60	60	0	5	5
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	1,185	550	630
Bilen	0	0	0	120	65	55
Oromo	0	0	0	210	95	115
Somali	0	0	0	845	385	460
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	10	0
Semitic languages	810	410	400	5,650	2,895	2,750
Amharic	0	0	0	1,045	520	525
Arabic	810	410	400	3,105	1,600	1,505
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	5	0	5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	355	195	160
Maltese	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tigrigna	0	0	0	1,135	580	555
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	190	95	100	2,900	1,370	1,530
Khmer (Cambodian)	110	55	55	125	55	70
Vietnamese	85	40	40	2,775	1,315	1,460
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	30	25	10	27,215	13,065	14,155
Bikol	0	0	0	30	15	15
Cebuano	0	0	0	495	250	245
Fijian	0	0	0	15	5	10
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	125	55	75
Ilocano	0	0	0	390	190	200
Malagasy	15	5	5	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	55	25	30
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	245	120	130
Pangasinan	0	0	0	30	15	15
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	15	0	25,790	12,375	13,420
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	10	5	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	30	15	15
Creole languages	1,015	395	630	290	120	165
Haitian Creole	50	20	30	10	5	5
Creole, n.o.s.	950	360	590	165	75	85
Creole languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	115	45	75
Dravidian languages	5	5	0	800	400	400
Kannada	0	0	0	45	25	25
Malayalam	0	0	0	405	195	205
Tamil	10	5	5	240	120	120
Telugu	0	0	0	110	60	50
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	4,545	2,255	2,290	70,820	35,325	35,495
Albanian	40	25	20	155	80	75
Armenian	10	5	10	20	10	5
Balto-Slavic languages	410	200	210	11,685	5,670	6,015
Baltic languages	0	0	0	25	10	15
Latvian	0	0	0	15	5	5
Lithuanian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Slavic languages	410	200	210	11,660	5,660	6,000
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	5	0
Bosnian	5	0	0	285	145	140
Bulgarian	45	25	25	65	30	30
Croatian	5	0	0	320	145	180
Czech	10	5	10	115	55	60
Macedonian	5	5	0	85	35	45
Polish	115	55	65	2,010	910	1,105
Russian	160	75	80	5,530	2,780	2,745
Serbian	15	5	10	335	170	170
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	5	90	40	50
Slovak	10	5	5	70	35	35
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	0	55	20	30
Ukrainian	20	5	15	2,690	1,285	1,405
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	10	5	5
Celtic languages	0	0	0	20	15	10
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	5	5	0
Welsh	0	0	0	10	5	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	35	20	15	25,825	12,700	13,125
Afrikaans	0	0	0	200	100	100
Danish	0	0	0	10	5	5
Dutch	0	5	0	270	135	130
Frisian	0	0	0	10	5	5
German	30	15	10	24,795	12,185	12,615
Icelandic	0	0	0	35	15	20
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Swedish	0	0	5	10	5	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	5	15	5	10
Yiddish	0	0	0	10	5	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	465	240	225
Greek	85	45	40	535	255	280
Indo-Iranian languages	195	95	100	22,810	11,920	10,890
Indo-Aryan languages	125	60	65	21,010	11,055	9,950
Bengali	10	5	5	690	390	305
Gujarati	0	0	0	2,100	1,095	1,005
Hindi	5	0	5	1,335	715	620
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	10	5	5
Marathi	0	0	0	40	25	20
Nepali	85	40	45	540	265	280
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	10	5	14,000	7,330	6,670
Sindhi	0	0	0	30	10	15
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	0	360	190	170
Urdu	15	5	5	1,895	1,035	860
Iranian languages	65	35	30	1,755	835	920
Kurdish	15	10	5	275	135	140
Pashto	0	0	0	165	70	95
Persian (Farsi)	50	25	25	1,315	635	685
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	50	25	20
Italic (Romance) languages	3,770	1,865	1,900	9,765	4,670	5,090
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	385	200	180	1,035	450	590
Portuguese	260	120	140	2,800	1,305	1,500
Romanian	465	230	235	235	110	125
Spanish	2,660	1,310	1,345	5,695	2,810	2,885
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	10	5	5	175	75	105
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	10	5	0
Georgian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Korean	10	5	5	2,915	1,430	1,490
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Mongolian	0	0	0	5	5	5
Niger-Congo languages	145	65	80	1,410	695	720
Akan (Twi)	5	5	5	45	30	20
Bamanankan	0	0	0	15	5	5
Edo	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ewe	0	0	0	5	5	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	5	5	35	15	15
Ga	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	5	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	75	40	35
Lingala	10	5	5	40	20	20
Rundi (Kirundi)	40	15	25	65	35	35
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	5	105	55	50
Shona	0	0	0	10	5	10
Swahili	25	10	10	500	240	265
Wolof	10	5	5	25	20	10
Yoruba	0	0	5	345	175	170
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	15	15	125	50	75
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	130	60	70
Dinka	0	0	0	80	35	45
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	55	30	25
Sign languages	110	60	50	560	310	255
American Sign Language	0	0	0	255	135	120
Quebec Sign Language	50	30	25	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	60	35	25	305	170	135
Sino-Tibetan languages	300	150	145	13,910	6,920	6,985
Chinese languages	300	155	145	13,445	6,685	6,765
Cantonese	30	15	20	4,455	2,105	2,350
Hakka	0	0	0	25	10	15
Mandarin	230	120	115	8,080	4,105	3,975
Min Dong	0	0	0	5	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	135	65	70
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	65	30	35
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	15	10	675	365	315
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	465	235	225
Burmese	0	0	0	55	30	25
Karenic languages	0	0	0	370	190	180
Tibetan	0	0	0	5	0	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	20
Tai-Kadai languages	75	35	45	535	250	280
Lao	70	35	40	430	210	220
Thai	5	0	5	105	40	65
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	150	70	80	135	70	65
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	10	5	10
Turkish	150	75	80	65	35	35
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	35	20	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15
Uralic languages	15	15	10	305	140	165
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	5	0	0	35	15	15
Hungarian	20	10	5	270	125	145
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	25	20
Multiple responses	9,575	4,750	4,825	64,475	31,080	33,400
English and French	3,110	1,605	1,505	3,090	1,440	1,645
English and non-official language	360	175	180	60,090	28,995	31,090
French and non-official language	5,130	2,465	2,670	415	215	205
English, French and non-official language	985	515	470	885	420	455
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	490,290	243,665	246,625	1,261,615	624,095	637,520
None	449,920	223,135	226,780	1,079,050	535,990	543,065
English	20,440	10,735	9,705	76,350	37,795	38,550
French	7,945	3,910	4,035	20,200	9,130	11,075
Non-official language	10,130	4,945	5,185	83,315	39,860	43,455
Aboriginal	125	70	55	16,105	7,590	8,515
Non-Aboriginal	10,000	4,875	5,125	67,215	32,275	34,940
English and French	370	185	190	305	150	150
English and non-official language	1,100	545	555	1,610	815	790
French and non-official language	370	200	175	770	345	420
English, French and non-official language	15	10	5	20	5	10
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	400,015	198,115	201,900	1,001,305	491,590	509,715
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	385,300	191,565	193,735	954,035	467,790	486,250
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,033	39,969	28,385	34,188	40,379	29,220
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	385,415	191,570	193,845	954,205	467,820	486,390
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,263	34,683	25,940	30,465	35,150	26,561
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	341,400	174,845	166,555	859,545	431,145	428,400
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,665	37,099	24,812	32,592	39,229	26,692
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	295,540	137,055	158,490	701,840	309,530	392,310
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,848	7,038	8,458	4,268	1,890	5,434
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	280,405	146,745	133,655	722,785	374,850	347,935
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,278	37,947	27,315	33,677	39,365	28,679
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	400,015	198,085	201,930	1,001,305	491,580	509,725
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	385,280	191,520	193,765	953,960	467,575	486,385
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,842	47,081	34,676	43,767	51,068	36,747
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	385,390	191,530	193,860	954,175	467,605	486,565
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,923	38,257	29,642	35,957	41,013	31,097
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	341,670	175,085	166,585	859,575	431,035	428,540
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,280	44,892	31,329	42,776	50,803	34,704
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	294,990	137,105	157,880	701,830	308,940	392,890
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	9,006	8,438	9,499	7,099	6,411	7,640
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	280,400	146,850	133,550	722,785	374,535	348,250
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,776	44,128	32,891	42,551	49,417	35,168
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	400,015	198,085	201,930	1,001,310	491,580	509,725
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	122,835	66,800	56,035	350,580	201,335	149,245
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	46,540	52,682	40,873	50,026	54,580	44,818
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	52,886	58,873	45,748	59,523	65,410	51,581
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	83.1	87.3	77.6	88.0	91.7	83.1
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	69.0	71.8	65.2	73.6	77.4	68.6
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	16.9	12.7	22.4	12.0	8.3	16.9
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	400,015	198,120	201,895	1,001,310	491,585	509,720
Without total income	14,715	6,555	8,160	47,270	23,800	23,470
With total income	385,300	191,560	193,740	954,040	467,790	486,245
Percentage with total income	96.3	96.7	96.0	95.3	95.2	95.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	44,115	18,475	25,645	137,700	62,550	75,150
$10,000 to $19,999	68,845	26,155	42,690	150,320	58,320	91,995
$20,000 to $29,999	58,615	25,600	33,025	136,510	54,950	81,560
$30,000 to $39,999	52,885	25,640	27,245	123,685	55,805	67,885
$40,000 to $49,999	47,155	24,205	22,945	109,710	54,650	55,060
$50,000 to $59,999	34,580	19,475	15,100	80,625	45,170	35,460
$60,000 to $69,999	24,560	15,125	9,435	58,785	35,250	23,535
$70,000 to $79,999	18,985	11,740	7,245	43,365	26,465	16,895
$80,000 to $89,999	11,985	7,770	4,210	34,000	20,100	13,905
$90,000 to $99,999	7,285	5,145	2,140	21,980	13,545	8,440
$100,000 and over	16,290	12,230	4,060	57,355	40,985	16,370
$100,000 to $149,999	12,005	8,905	3,095	40,870	28,585	12,285
$150,000 and over	4,290	3,325	965	16,490	12,395	4,090
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	400,015	198,115	201,900	1,001,305	491,585	509,720
Without after-tax income	14,595	6,545	8,055	47,100	23,770	23,330
With after-tax income	385,415	191,575	193,845	954,205	467,820	486,390
Percentage with after-tax income	96.4	96.7	96.0	95.3	95.2	95.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	46,255	18,950	27,305	142,035	63,525	78,510
$10,000 to $19,999	72,615	27,980	44,635	161,865	63,410	98,460
$20,000 to $29,999	72,020	32,355	39,665	165,880	68,985	96,895
$30,000 to $39,999	68,200	34,940	33,255	153,680	73,335	80,350
$40,000 to $49,999	50,850	28,450	22,395	116,415	63,755	52,660
$50,000 to $59,999	32,955	20,170	12,790	78,105	46,940	31,160
$60,000 to $69,999	19,965	12,470	7,495	53,870	32,165	21,705
$70,000 to $79,999	9,545	6,570	2,970	31,690	19,680	12,010
$80,000 and over	13,015	9,690	3,325	50,655	36,025	14,630
$80,000 to $89,999	4,890	3,520	1,370	18,025	12,260	5,760
$90,000 to $99,999	2,580	1,950	625	10,325	7,305	3,015
$100,000 and over	5,545	4,215	1,325	22,305	16,460	5,850
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	400,015	198,115	201,895	1,001,305	491,590	509,720
Without employment income	119,610	51,370	68,245	278,525	116,740	161,775
With employment income	280,400	146,745	133,655	722,785	374,845	347,940
Percentage with employment income	70.1	74.1	66.2	72.2	76.3	68.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	34,630	18,070	16,555	90,045	42,675	47,375
$5,000 to $9,999	20,775	8,900	11,875	54,560	23,875	30,690
$10,000 to $19,999	41,315	17,485	23,830	94,460	41,920	52,535
$20,000 to $29,999	35,440	15,840	19,605	89,540	39,650	49,895
$30,000 to $39,999	35,145	16,530	18,615	88,340	41,905	46,440
$40,000 to $49,999	30,220	15,490	14,725	77,755	40,205	37,550
$50,000 to $59,999	23,280	13,835	9,445	58,900	34,355	24,550
$60,000 to $69,999	17,765	11,375	6,390	44,085	27,115	16,970
$70,000 to $79,999	15,325	9,575	5,750	34,450	21,375	13,075
$80,000 and over	26,500	19,640	6,860	90,650	61,780	28,865
$80,000 to $89,999	8,895	6,215	2,685	28,365	16,860	11,505
$90,000 to $99,999	5,645	4,175	1,470	17,635	11,355	6,275
$100,000 and over	11,960	9,255	2,710	44,650	33,560	11,095
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	202,140	...	...	489,050	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	65,435	...	...	68,147	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	56,599	...	...	59,093	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	54,570	...	...	135,495	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	32,739	...	...	35,846	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	29,302	...	...	31,538	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	147,575	...	...	353,550	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	80,600	...	...	84,532	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	68,967	...	...	72,688	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	202,145	...	...	489,050	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	77,845	...	...	85,373	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	64,676	...	...	70,154	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	54,525	...	...	135,440	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	39,490	...	...	44,208	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	33,012	...	...	36,503	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	147,620	...	...	353,605	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	92,012	...	...	101,140	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	76,372	...	...	83,044	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	202,140	...	...	489,050	...	...
Under $5,000	1,590	...	...	9,250	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	2,240	...	...	8,175	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5,010	...	...	11,450	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	8,340	...	...	18,260	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	9,055	...	...	21,395	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	7,590	...	...	19,035	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	10,180	...	...	21,090	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	10,065	...	...	21,745	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	10,025	...	...	21,605	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	9,600	...	...	21,225	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	18,070	...	...	40,240	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	16,615	...	...	37,910	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	15,210	...	...	34,275	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	13,410	...	...	31,555	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	11,485	...	...	27,215	...	...
$100,000 and over	53,640	...	...	144,620	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	22,150	...	...	52,495	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	13,700	...	...	34,595	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	11,910	...	...	34,670	...	...
$200,000 and over	5,875	...	...	22,865	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	202,145	...	...	489,050	...	...
Under $5,000	1,790	...	...	9,725	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	2,295	...	...	8,315	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5,075	...	...	11,860	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	8,830	...	...	19,325	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	10,150	...	...	24,370	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	9,280	...	...	22,665	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	12,620	...	...	25,915	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	12,245	...	...	26,725	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	12,200	...	...	25,965	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	11,850	...	...	25,290	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	21,995	...	...	48,610	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	19,550	...	...	44,280	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	16,320	...	...	38,890	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	13,855	...	...	32,370	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	11,280	...	...	26,890	...	...
$100,000 and over	32,805	...	...	97,850	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	18,125	...	...	46,355	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	8,045	...	...	24,795	...	...
$150,000 and over	6,635	...	...	26,705	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	143,660	...	...	341,205	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	80,645	...	...	84,441	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	68,931	...	...	72,563	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	58,210	...	...	127,580	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	68,514	...	...	79,103	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	58,942	...	...	67,596	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	59,495	...	...	150,585	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	106,696	...	...	104,902	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	89,864	...	...	89,307	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.9	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	22,565	...	...	52,215	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	53,652	...	...	49,922	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	48,363	...	...	46,048	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	143,695	...	...	341,235	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	92,153	...	...	101,410	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	76,395	...	...	83,132	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	58,110	...	...	127,710	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	79,559	...	...	95,583	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	65,784	...	...	77,743	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	59,580	...	...	150,695	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	116,928	...	...	122,176	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	96,068	...	...	99,399	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	22,575	...	...	52,130	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	60,425	...	...	60,006	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	52,396	...	...	52,307	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	66,865	34,405	32,460	175,270	86,935	88,335
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	30,424	34,118	26,946	32,927	35,568	30,818
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	27,526	30,052	25,196	29,429	31,130	28,062
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	66,515	33,850	32,665	174,945	86,380	88,565
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	37,492	40,774	34,090	40,853	43,332	38,434
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	31,514	33,516	29,439	33,961	35,291	32,663
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	486,290	242,335	243,950	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
In the bottom half of the distribution	271,855	132,290	139,565	687,930	332,640	355,290
In the bottom decile	34,970	17,165	17,805	151,750	74,825	76,930
In the second decile	50,355	22,870	27,480	135,485	62,035	73,450
In the third decile	60,660	29,610	31,055	135,395	64,805	70,590
In the fourth decile	63,460	31,385	32,075	132,755	65,185	67,575
In the fifth decile	62,415	31,265	31,155	132,540	65,790	66,750
In the top half of the distribution	214,430	110,040	104,390	552,770	281,805	270,965
In the sixth decile	60,780	31,045	29,735	127,575	64,305	63,265
In the seventh decile	55,445	28,290	27,155	123,505	62,770	60,735
In the eighth decile	46,440	23,905	22,540	116,805	59,460	57,350
In the ninth decile	33,045	17,070	15,975	104,820	53,835	50,980
In the top decile	18,720	9,740	8,980	80,070	41,435	38,640
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	484,225	241,295	242,935	1,175,720	581,585	594,135
0 to 17 years	101,895	52,140	49,755	260,905	134,075	126,830
0 to 5 years	33,630	17,245	16,390	85,935	44,240	41,695
18 to 64 years	305,125	151,965	153,160	737,035	365,965	371,070
65 years and over	77,210	37,190	40,020	177,780	81,540	96,235
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	56,705	26,280	30,425	180,880	85,185	95,690
0 to 17 years	12,225	6,315	5,905	57,185	29,390	27,790
0 to 5 years	3,740	1,935	1,800	21,325	10,970	10,355
18 to 64 years	31,705	15,105	16,605	98,920	46,630	52,285
65 years and over	12,780	4,860	7,915	24,785	9,165	15,615
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.7	10.9	12.5	15.4	14.6	16.1
0 to 17 years (%)	12.0	12.1	11.9	21.9	21.9	21.9
0 to 5 years (%)	11.1	11.2	11.0	24.8	24.8	24.8
18 to 64 years (%)	10.4	9.9	10.8	13.4	12.7	14.1
65 years and over (%)	16.6	13.1	19.8	13.9	11.2	16.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	27,645	13,560	14,085	115,965	56,255	59,705
0 to 17 years	5,375	2,825	2,550	33,260	17,040	16,220
0 to 5 years	1,580	830	750	12,310	6,325	5,985
18 to 64 years	19,190	9,765	9,430	73,655	35,895	37,760
65 years and over	3,085	980	2,105	9,045	3,325	5,725
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.7	5.6	5.8	9.9	9.7	10.0
0 to 17 years (%)	5.3	5.4	5.1	12.7	12.7	12.8
0 to 5 years (%)	4.7	4.8	4.6	14.3	14.3	14.4
18 to 64 years (%)	6.3	6.4	6.2	10.0	9.8	10.2
65 years and over (%)	4.0	2.6	5.3	5.1	4.1	5.9
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	486,285	242,335	243,950	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Official languages	485,190	241,910	243,285	1,224,985	607,375	617,605
English	176,885	96,305	80,575	1,223,665	606,760	616,905
French	483,450	241,035	242,420	108,560	49,435	59,130
Non-official languages	43,525	20,975	22,550	340,250	165,150	175,100
Aboriginal languages	2,395	1,170	1,225	40,465	19,410	21,050
Algonquian languages	2,385	1,160	1,225	38,305	18,375	19,930
Blackfoot	0	0	0	10	0	10
Cree-Montagnais languages	2,375	1,155	1,220	20,975	10,025	10,955
Atikamekw	2,355	1,155	1,200	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	25	0	15	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	10
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	85	25	55
Plains Cree	0	0	0	190	90	100
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	1,140	505	640
Woods Cree	0	0	0	130	65	65
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	19,435	9,340	10,095
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Malecite	0	0	0	10	10	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	10	0	17,710	8,520	9,185
Algonquin	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ojibway	10	0	0	9,685	4,560	5,125
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	8,045	3,975	4,070
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	1,120	525	595
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	1,110	520	590
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	1,110	520	595
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	10	0	10	110	55	55
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Inuktitut	10	0	0	80	35	45
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	10
Iroquoian languages	10	0	0	15	10	10
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	10	10	0	15	10	10
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	10
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	210	115	95
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	10	0	10
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	760	365	395
Dakota	0	0	0	760	360	400
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35	15	20
Non-Aboriginal languages	41,130	19,810	21,325	299,900	145,795	154,110
Afro-Asiatic languages	5,160	2,725	2,435	15,730	8,320	7,410
Berber languages	940	490	455	85	50	40
Kabyle	300	160	135	45	25	20
Berber languages, n.i.e.	645	325	320	50	35	10
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	2,300	1,195	1,105
Bilen	0	0	0	210	120	85
Oromo	0	0	0	535	275	260
Somali	0	0	0	1,550	790	760
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	15	10
Semitic languages	4,635	2,445	2,190	13,685	7,300	6,390
Amharic	0	0	0	2,475	1,370	1,105
Arabic	4,595	2,415	2,180	6,650	3,590	3,055
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	15	0	10
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	10	0
Hebrew	40	30	15	3,370	1,735	1,635
Maltese	0	0	0	65	30	35
Tigrigna	0	0	0	2,225	1,175	1,050
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	155	80	80
Austro-Asiatic languages	550	260	295	5,230	2,545	2,685
Khmer (Cambodian)	250	130	115	335	185	150
Vietnamese	310	125	190	4,905	2,370	2,535
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	120	35	90	65,305	30,220	35,090
Bikol	0	0	0	225	100	125
Cebuano	20	0	20	1,615	805	810
Fijian	0	0	0	65	35	30
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	425	180	245
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,875	880	990
Malagasy	15	0	15	0	0	0
Malay	20	10	10	375	180	195
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	945	415	530
Pangasinan	0	0	10	205	100	110
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	80	15	60	64,165	29,640	34,520
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	115	55	55
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	200	80	120
Creole languages	8,240	3,755	4,485	1,310	605	705
Haitian Creole	340	150	180	25	10	15
Creole, n.o.s.	7,840	3,560	4,285	635	310	315
Creole languages, n.i.e.	100	55	45	680	305	375
Dravidian languages	25	10	15	1,840	945	895
Kannada	0	0	0	175	95	80
Malayalam	0	0	0	830	400	430
Tamil	25	10	10	655	330	325
Telugu	0	0	0	255	150	110
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	24,750	11,995	12,755	175,950	86,435	89,510
Albanian	95	50	40	390	195	195
Armenian	45	35	10	65	50	15
Balto-Slavic languages	1,310	635	675	39,530	18,780	20,745
Baltic languages	10	0	10	230	90	140
Latvian	0	0	0	115	45	70
Lithuanian	0	0	0	120	50	65
Slavic languages	1,305	635	670	39,360	18,720	20,640
Belarusan	0	0	0	65	25	45
Bosnian	10	0	0	835	405	430
Bulgarian	90	45	40	155	95	60
Croatian	35	20	10	1,595	765	825
Czech	30	0	20	735	335	395
Macedonian	10	0	0	140	75	60
Polish	405	220	180	7,655	3,625	4,035
Russian	595	280	320	13,455	6,715	6,740
Serbian	50	35	15	870	470	400
Serbo-Croatian	45	15	30	190	75	115
Slovak	20	10	20	480	215	260
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	10	10	275	100	175
Ukrainian	110	45	65	17,095	7,795	9,305
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	70	35	30
Celtic languages	10	0	10	225	125	100
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	90	65	25
Welsh	0	0	0	90	45	45
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	45	15	25
Germanic languages	915	500	420	68,285	33,250	35,035
Afrikaans	0	0	0	715	330	385
Danish	0	10	0	270	120	150
Dutch	110	55	55	3,120	1,555	1,565
Frisian	0	0	0	90	65	30
German	760	405	350	61,760	30,170	31,600
Icelandic	0	0	0	560	225	335
Norwegian	10	10	10	290	115	175
Swedish	25	20	0	270	125	150
Vlaams (Flemish)	25	20	10	270	120	155
Yiddish	0	0	0	545	235	315
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	2,490	1,285	1,205
Greek	385	220	170	2,010	1,015	1,000
Indo-Iranian languages	420	210	210	38,760	20,480	18,280
Indo-Aryan languages	210	105	105	35,830	18,990	16,835
Bengali	0	0	10	1,520	885	635
Gujarati	15	0	10	3,905	2,065	1,840
Hindi	35	15	25	12,900	6,900	6,000
Kashmiri	0	0	0	20	15	10
Konkani	0	0	0	40	30	10
Marathi	0	0	0	275	170	105
Nepali	85	30	55	600	285	315
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	15	10	10
Punjabi (Panjabi)	30	15	10	22,900	12,035	10,865
Sindhi	10	10	10	150	85	65
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	0	0	920	500	420
Urdu	50	40	15	4,600	2,540	2,060
Iranian languages	210	105	105	3,035	1,525	1,515
Kurdish	45	20	20	600	295	305
Pashto	0	0	0	290	135	150
Persian (Farsi)	165	85	80	2,295	1,175	1,120
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	230	125	105
Italic (Romance) languages	22,055	10,585	11,465	34,360	16,630	17,735
Catalan	10	0	0	15	10	10
Italian	5,285	2,950	2,340	5,350	2,610	2,735
Portuguese	1,755	900	850	8,460	4,125	4,335
Romanian	825	410	415	785	395	390
Spanish	15,140	6,795	8,340	20,605	9,910	10,695
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	20	15	0	60	45	15
Japanese	90	45	45	1,160	550	605
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	10	0	15
Georgian	0	0	0	15	0	15
Korean	35	10	25	4,240	2,100	2,145
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	55	20	35
Mongolian	0	0	0	55	20	30
Niger-Congo languages	1,195	585	610	7,970	4,125	3,845
Akan (Twi)	20	15	0	260	165	95
Bamanankan	15	15	0	160	95	65
Edo	0	0	0	95	60	30
Ewe	25	10	15	50	30	20
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	30	10	20	50	25	25
Ga	0	10	0	30	10	15
Ganda	0	0	0	230	110	120
Igbo	0	0	0	665	345	325
Lingala	455	210	245	655	315	345
Rundi (Kirundi)	135	60	75	205	105	105
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	55	20	35	305	155	155
Shona	0	0	0	250	110	140
Swahili	235	115	120	1,930	1,020	905
Wolof	115	45	65	150	85	70
Yoruba	20	10	0	2,630	1,330	1,295
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	315	180	135	1,440	765	680
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	410	225	185
Dinka	0	0	0	180	105	75
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	225	120	105
Sign languages	570	270	300	2,670	985	1,685
American Sign Language	10	0	0	1,710	625	1,090
Quebec Sign Language	330	150	170	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	240	115	125	975	365	610
Sino-Tibetan languages	510	250	260	21,130	10,490	10,650
Chinese languages	510	245	265	20,475	10,185	10,285
Cantonese	135	60	70	8,310	3,920	4,390
Hakka	0	0	0	50	30	20
Mandarin	415	200	210	12,825	6,460	6,365
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	15	10	480	230	250
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	0	10	185	95	85
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	10	1,115	600	510
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	675	310	370
Burmese	0	0	0	185	115	70
Karenic languages	0	0	0	465	200	265
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	145	60	80
Tai-Kadai languages	335	165	170	1,565	730	835
Lao	315	155	155	1,120	520	600
Thai	50	15	30	575	270	305
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Turkic languages	265	140	125	510	250	265
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	50	25	30
Turkish	265	140	125	365	180	185
Uyghur	0	0	0	30	15	10
Uzbek	0	0	0	40	20	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	15	30
Uralic languages	125	70	60	1,550	730	815
Estonian	0	0	10	45	20	25
Finnish	10	0	0	265	105	160
Hungarian	115	60	55	1,235	600	635
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	40	15	25	445	290	150
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	486,285	242,335	243,955	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	480,655	239,535	241,120	1,133,080	560,165	572,920
Canadian citizens aged under 18	102,085	52,155	49,925	266,225	136,640	129,585
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	378,565	187,380	191,195	866,855	423,520	443,335
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	5,630	2,800	2,835	107,620	54,280	53,340
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	486,285	242,335	243,955	1,240,700	614,445	626,255
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	459,585	229,100	230,490	996,860	494,285	502,570
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	25,955	12,800	13,160	227,465	111,095	116,365
Before 1981	5,630	3,070	2,555	50,025	23,340	26,680
1981 to 1990	3,440	1,715	1,725	20,205	10,190	10,010
1991 to 2000	5,155	2,420	2,730	23,040	11,165	11,875
2001 to 2010	9,070	4,285	4,780	70,985	35,305	35,680
2001 to 2005	4,655	2,200	2,455	22,570	11,195	11,370
2006 to 2010	4,415	2,095	2,320	48,415	24,110	24,305
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	2,665	1,310	1,365	63,210	31,095	32,120
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	745	435	305	16,375	9,055	7,320
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	25,955	12,805	13,155	227,470	111,100	116,370
Under 5 years	3,555	1,640	1,920	25,595	12,975	12,625
5 to 14 years	4,925	2,395	2,530	45,570	23,305	22,265
15 to 24 years	5,210	2,530	2,670	44,585	20,820	23,770
25 to 44 years	10,860	5,650	5,210	93,700	45,160	48,540
45 years and over	1,405	585	825	18,010	8,845	9,170
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	25,955	12,805	13,155	227,465	111,095	116,365
Americas	10,635	4,840	5,795	31,980	15,285	16,700
Brazil	80	35	40	435	170	265
Colombia	760	325	435	1,050	510	545
El Salvador	350	165	190	2,480	1,325	1,155
Guyana	0	0	10	1,135	515	620
Haiti	5,800	2,560	3,240	155	75	80
Jamaica	30	15	10	1,810	835	970
Mexico	395	140	255	6,655	3,330	3,320
Peru	550	255	295	235	85	150
Trinidad and Tobago	25	0	15	1,505	785	720
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	725	350	375	7,100	3,100	4,000
Other places of birth in Americas	1,925	990	940	9,425	4,550	4,875
Europe	7,270	4,050	3,215	56,705	27,815	28,890
Bosnia and Herzegovina	35	15	20	1,055	530	525
Croatia	20	10	10	975	445	535
France	2,760	1,535	1,225	795	425	365
Germany	215	100	115	10,390	5,215	5,175
Greece	95	70	20	820	445	375
Hungary	35	20	10	815	435	375
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	10	10	0	650	310	340
Italy	1,110	750	365	2,755	1,405	1,350
Netherlands	35	20	20	2,250	1,185	1,060
Poland	240	140	105	5,280	2,455	2,820
Portugal	630	350	280	4,380	2,170	2,210
Romania	570	265	305	720	345	375
Russian Federation	140	55	85	4,245	2,035	2,210
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	30	20	0	355	175	175
Ukraine	85	30	60	4,765	2,250	2,515
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	110	65	45	11,665	5,655	6,015
Other places of birth in Europe	1,150	595	555	4,790	2,325	2,470
Africa	5,495	2,820	2,675	17,975	9,495	8,485
Algeria	1,705	910	795	115	60	55
Egypt	140	80	65	980	525	455
Ethiopia	10	0	10	2,525	1,360	1,165
Kenya	0	0	0	935	470	465
Morocco	1,570	815	755	250	140	110
Nigeria	15	10	0	3,820	2,070	1,750
Somalia	0	0	0	755	350	415
South Africa, Republic of	0	10	0	975	465	505
Other places of birth in Africa	2,060	1,005	1,055	7,630	4,055	3,570
Asia	2,535	1,070	1,460	120,230	58,215	62,015
Afghanistan	35	15	25	615	285	330
Bangladesh	0	0	0	880	475	400
China^{Census data footnote 59}	670	130	545	9,250	4,460	4,790
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	10	10	0	1,460	715	735
India	40	15	20	21,990	11,395	10,595
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	75	55	15	1,180	655	530
Iraq	10	10	0	860	460	400
Japan	15	10	10	225	70	150
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	60	45	20	2,880	1,415	1,470
Lebanon	290	170	125	265	165	100
Pakistan	40	25	15	3,125	1,675	1,450
Philippines	90	25	70	61,950	28,800	33,150
Sri Lanka	20	10	15	1,015	515	505
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	95	60	30	805	390	410
Taiwan	20	10	15	215	110	110
Viet Nam	250	125	135	4,225	2,035	2,185
Other places of birth in Asia	810	390	425	9,285	4,590	4,695
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	30	20	10	575	290	280
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	2,670	1,305	1,365	63,210	31,095	32,115
Americas	1,370	670	700	4,130	1,840	2,290
Brazil	0	0	0	100	35	65
Colombia	205	80	125	185	70	120
Cuba	120	55	60	75	25	55
Haiti	695	335	355	15	10	0
Jamaica	20	15	10	340	175	165
Mexico	55	20	40	875	415	465
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	50	40	10	970	445	525
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	15	10	10	75	30	40
Other places of birth in Americas	210	120	90	1,490	640	850
Europe	335	200	140	5,155	2,650	2,505
France	245	150	100	135	70	75
Germany	10	10	0	580	310	265
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	135	80	60
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	160	85	70
Romania	0	0	10	70	30	35
Russian Federation	0	0	0	1,145	530	610
Ukraine	0	10	0	1,320	670	650
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	15	0	0	550	290	265
Other places of birth in Europe	60	35	30	1,060	590	470
Africa	640	280	360	7,860	4,120	3,735
Algeria	170	95	75	20	10	10
Cameroon	50	20	30	65	45	20
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	15	10	10	740	360	380
Côte d'Ivoire	15	10	0	95	35	60
Egypt	35	15	25	415	220	190
Eritrea	0	0	0	795	430	360
Ethiopia	0	0	0	810	425	380
Morocco	130	45	90	70	30	35
Nigeria	10	0	10	2,630	1,415	1,215
Somalia	0	0	0	385	160	215
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	0	225	110	120
Tunisia	15	0	10	65	45	20
Other places of birth in Africa	190	80	110	1,555	820	735
Asia	315	155	165	45,915	22,395	23,520
Afghanistan	0	0	0	60	35	25
Bangladesh	0	0	0	360	195	170
China^{Census data footnote 59}	35	25	15	3,390	1,635	1,760
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	185	105	80
India	25	0	15	10,915	5,675	5,240
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	425	230	195
Iraq	0	0	0	330	175	155
Israel	10	10	0	595	340	260
Japan	10	0	10	45	25	25
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	10	10	0	1,300	665	640
Lebanon	10	0	10	140	100	35
Nepal	30	10	20	210	70	140
Pakistan	0	0	0	1,535	800	735
Philippines	30	10	20	22,885	10,645	12,245
Saudi Arabia	0	10	0	325	145	180
Sri Lanka	0	10	0	250	140	115
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	50	35	10	635	325	310
Taiwan	0	0	0	20	0	10
Turkey	0	0	10	40	30	10
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	110	55	55
Viet Nam	25	10	20	495	220	275
Other places of birth in Asia	75	35	40	1,650	785	870
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	0	10	0	150	80	70
Australia	0	0	0	80	25	60
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	10	0	65	55	15
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	486,285	242,335	243,950	1,240,695	614,440	626,260
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	27,340	13,540	13,795	249,625	123,035	126,585
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	30,260	15,455	14,805	197,530	97,135	100,395
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	428,685	213,340	215,345	793,545	394,265	399,280
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	20,725	9,930	10,795	180,810	89,380	91,425
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	9,050	4,720	4,330	119,845	60,680	59,165
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	4,045	2,725	1,320	44,415	27,435	16,980
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	5,000	1,995	3,010	75,430	33,250	42,185
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	7,935	3,345	4,590	39,875	17,355	22,525
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	3,510	1,735	1,775	20,550	11,155	9,395
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	225	130	95	540	195	345
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	486,290	242,335	243,955	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	8,170	3,980	4,195	223,310	108,495	114,815
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	7,805	3,815	3,990	220,470	107,145	113,330
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	4,805	2,310	2,495	130,510	62,955	67,550
Métis	2,970	1,495	1,475	89,355	43,895	45,465
Inuk (Inuit)	35	10	20	610	295	310
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	155	70	80	2,020	985	1,030
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	210	90	120	820	365	450
Non-Aboriginal identity	478,115	238,355	239,760	1,017,385	505,945	511,445
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	486,285	242,335	243,950	1,240,700	614,440	626,255
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	3,735	1,825	1,905	127,250	61,300	65,950
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	482,555	240,510	242,045	1,113,450	553,140	560,305
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	486,285	242,335	243,955	1,240,700	614,440	626,255
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	6,970	3,410	3,565	110,630	53,980	56,645
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	6,795	3,325	3,470	108,055	52,775	55,285
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	6,005	2,895	3,110	93,070	45,490	47,580
Métis single ancestry	715	395	320	14,835	7,210	7,625
Inuit single ancestry	75	30	40	155	75	80
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	180	85	90	2,570	1,205	1,365
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	165	85	80	2,495	1,160	1,335
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	10	0	10	50	30	15
Métis and Inuit ancestries	10	0	0	15	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	10	10	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	13,910	6,450	7,460	114,605	55,480	59,120
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	13,620	6,280	7,345	107,535	52,250	55,285
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	11,985	5,525	6,455	40,265	19,440	20,820
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,525	725	805	66,810	32,600	34,215
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	110	35	75	460	210	250
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	290	175	115	7,070	3,235	3,835
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	275	175	105	6,800	3,100	3,705
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	0	10	120	65	55
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	0	10	130	55	80
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	10	10	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	465,400	232,475	232,925	1,015,465	504,980	510,485
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	486,285	242,335	243,950	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	29,885	14,350	15,535	216,850	108,315	108,530
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	390	190	200	42,060	22,200	19,855
Chinese	1,000	280	720	22,540	11,340	11,195
Black	17,080	8,310	8,770	30,335	15,790	14,550
Filipino	175	70	100	79,815	37,935	41,885
Latin American	4,835	2,285	2,550	9,895	4,840	5,050
Arab	4,170	2,170	2,000	5,030	2,705	2,325
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	1,305	620	690	8,565	4,155	4,410
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	185	95	90	2,695	1,420	1,270
Korean	140	90	50	4,375	2,195	2,180
Japanese	20	0	20	1,850	880	975
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	150	55	95	3,195	1,610	1,590
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	440	185	250	6,485	3,235	3,250
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	456,400	227,985	228,420	1,023,850	506,125	517,725
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	486,290	242,335	243,955	1,240,700	614,440	626,255
North American Aboriginal origins	20,885	9,860	11,025	225,230	109,465	115,770
First Nations (North American Indian)	18,445	8,680	9,770	142,820	69,305	73,510
Inuit	210	65	145	955	460	500
Métis	2,700	1,375	1,325	91,120	44,150	46,970
Other North American origins	358,980	178,435	180,540	247,670	123,075	124,600
Acadian	2,865	1,345	1,520	645	325	320
American	2,295	1,095	1,195	9,220	4,605	4,615
Canadian	341,740	169,680	172,065	240,835	119,610	121,225
New Brunswicker	65	40	25	10	0	10
Newfoundlander	0	10	0	215	130	90
Nova Scotian	20	10	20	20	15	0
Ontarian	85	45	45	20	20	0
Québécois	16,210	8,150	8,065	280	150	125
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	10	10	0	30	10	25
European origins	161,845	81,235	80,615	826,210	406,770	419,445
British Isles origins	35,460	17,145	18,315	421,515	206,840	214,675
Channel Islander	50	20	25	45	25	25
Cornish	0	0	0	85	45	40
English	7,050	3,270	3,780	245,960	119,975	125,985
Irish	24,510	11,715	12,790	156,145	74,290	81,850
Manx	0	0	0	200	100	100
Scottish	7,740	3,750	3,990	208,065	100,790	107,265
Welsh	100	40	55	17,760	8,575	9,180
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	735	360	375	19,610	9,260	10,355
French origins	111,595	56,120	55,475	148,810	72,060	76,750
Alsatian	85	40	45	20	15	15
Breton	795	355	440	120	40	75
Corsican	60	30	30	0	10	0
French	110,905	55,790	55,115	148,740	72,020	76,720
Western European origins (except French origins)	10,610	5,230	5,380	286,985	141,285	145,705
Austrian	285	115	165	12,325	6,190	6,135
Bavarian	10	0	0	15	10	0
Belgian	3,300	1,710	1,590	21,510	10,495	11,020
Dutch	625	300	325	55,525	27,375	28,150
Flemish	90	50	45	965	445	515
Frisian	0	0	0	140	75	55
German	5,670	2,690	2,980	220,735	108,650	112,080
Luxembourger	25	15	10	155	65	90
Swiss	975	525	450	5,475	2,660	2,810
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	140	65	75
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	780	310	470	80,295	38,580	41,720
Danish	125	60	65	7,895	3,850	4,050
Finnish	50	25	25	4,000	1,905	2,095
Icelandic	20	15	0	31,090	15,265	15,825
Norwegian	240	75	165	19,600	9,145	10,455
Swedish	225	80	145	22,470	10,530	11,945
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	135	65	75	2,540	1,260	1,285
Eastern European origins	5,975	3,055	2,915	287,695	141,310	146,380
Bulgarian	135	70	60	330	190	145
Byelorussian	40	15	25	885	430	455
Czech	135	70	70	4,590	2,165	2,425
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	85	45	40	2,155	1,120	1,040
Estonian	10	0	10	190	80	115
Hungarian	620	315	305	10,120	4,990	5,125
Latvian	50	20	30	1,365	655	715
Lithuanian	185	80	105	1,455	750	705
Moldovan	145	70	70	325	170	160
Polish	2,190	1,145	1,045	88,090	42,670	45,420
Romanian	1,025	540	485	5,835	2,790	3,045
Russian	735	350	385	58,225	28,625	29,605
Slovak	140	65	75	2,190	1,055	1,135
Ukrainian	1,280	665	615	180,055	88,615	91,445
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	25	10	15	895	415	480
Southern European origins	25,755	13,045	12,710	59,915	29,445	30,470
Albanian	55	25	30	415	220	195
Bosnian	15	10	10	1,030	505	520
Catalan	0	0	0	15	0	15
Croatian	110	60	55	2,930	1,430	1,500
Cypriot	0	0	0	45	25	15
Greek	1,120	615	505	4,130	2,070	2,060
Italian	18,375	9,230	9,140	23,210	11,675	11,530
Kosovar	45	25	20	45	20	25
Macedonian	0	0	0	225	120	110
Maltese	30	15	20	360	165	195
Montenegrin	0	0	0	40	10	30
Portuguese	3,155	1,690	1,465	14,540	7,215	7,320
Serbian	55	30	20	1,240	660	580
Sicilian	180	90	90	235	110	125
Slovenian	40	20	20	1,005	485	520
Spanish	3,775	1,885	1,895	12,625	5,680	6,945
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	155	60	95	1,060	540	525
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	10	10	0	65	40	30
Other European origins	825	400	425	10,950	5,550	5,400
Basque	185	80	110	100	65	35
Jewish	270	155	120	8,455	4,250	4,200
Roma (Gypsy)	15	15	10	155	70	85
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	185	100	85
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	360	160	195	2,130	1,090	1,040
Caribbean origins	13,780	6,755	7,025	10,805	5,355	5,450
Antiguan	0	0	0	60	20	40
Bahamian	20	20	10	60	35	25
Barbadian	50	20	30	740	390	350
Bermudan	10	10	0	40	30	15
Carib	10	0	0	65	30	40
Cuban	660	355	305	340	155	190
Dominican	605	270	330	275	145	135
Grenadian	0	0	0	160	85	80
Guadeloupean	40	30	15	0	0	0
Haitian	12,345	6,020	6,330	235	90	150
Jamaican	140	85	60	4,585	2,250	2,335
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Martinican	50	45	10	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	20	15	10	70	25	45
St. Lucian	10	0	0	30	20	15
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	65	25	40	2,395	1,240	1,160
Vincentian/Grenadinian	10	0	0	190	90	105
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	75	40	40	1,465	705	760
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	80	40	40	665	360	305
Latin, Central and South American origins	6,350	3,010	3,345	23,115	11,555	11,565
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	280	160	120	650	330	320
Arawak	0	0	0	10	10	10
Argentinian	355	180	175	475	230	245
Belizean	0	0	10	200	105	100
Bolivian	60	25	35	300	160	140
Brazilian	190	75	110	830	375	455
Chilean	505	260	240	1,520	720	795
Colombian	995	465	535	1,400	680	715
Costa Rican	60	30	35	65	40	25
Ecuadorian	95	30	65	125	70	55
Guatemalan	550	305	245	505	240	260
Guyanese	15	10	0	1,485	770	715
Hispanic	60	25	35	425	210	220
Honduran	305	160	145	520	245	280
Maya	35	20	15	220	135	80
Mexican	870	360	510	8,790	4,440	4,350
Nicaraguan	95	35	55	370	200	170
Panamanian	55	30	25	50	10	40
Paraguayan	0	0	0	2,080	1,070	1,010
Peruvian	910	410	500	350	130	225
Salvadorean	845	380	460	2,735	1,425	1,315
Uruguayan	150	65	90	35	10	20
Venezuelan	210	95	115	240	95	150
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	245	125	120	1,045	525	520
African origins	10,760	5,355	5,405	28,860	14,980	13,885
Central and West African origins	2,230	1,120	1,115	8,665	4,585	4,085
Akan	0	0	0	35	10	25
Angolan	115	60	60	10	10	0
Ashanti	0	0	10	25	10	10
Beninese	30	20	10	55	45	0
Burkinabe	40	20	20	20	10	10
Cameroonian	320	160	165	145	80	70
Chadian	0	0	10	10	10	0
Congolese	940	430	510	1,575	785	790
Edo	0	0	0	130	85	45
Ewe	0	0	0	15	10	10
Gabonese	10	0	0	25	20	10
Gambian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Ghanaian	60	35	30	380	220	170
Guinean	205	125	75	70	20	50
Ibo	0	0	0	435	205	225
Ivorian	210	120	85	120	45	75
Liberian	0	0	0	80	20	55
Malian	50	25	20	140	85	55
Malinké	10	10	0	35	20	10
Nigerian	35	10	25	3,860	2,130	1,735
Peulh	35	20	10	25	15	15
Senegalese	200	110	90	115	70	40
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	320	155	165
Togolese	75	40	35	115	60	55
Wolof	0	0	0	25	10	15
Yoruba	0	0	0	1,050	540	510
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	85	45	40	545	260	285
North African origins	5,795	3,035	2,760	3,690	1,980	1,705
Algerian	1,770	895	880	100	35	60
Berber	1,150	595	555	150	90	55
Coptic	25	15	10	85	45	40
Dinka	20	10	15	30	25	10
Egyptian	370	205	165	1,335	720	620
Libyan	0	0	0	360	175	185
Maure	10	0	0	100	70	30
Moroccan	2,255	1,175	1,075	350	190	160
Sudanese	0	0	0	1,075	580	500
Tunisian	430	265	160	130	65	60
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	105	60	45	75	40	35
Southern and East African origins	770	340	430	10,500	5,420	5,080
Afrikaner	0	0	0	65	40	30
Amhara	0	0	0	140	100	45
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	220	105	115	150	90	65
Burundian	225	100	125	235	110	125
Djiboutian	10	0	10	45	30	15
Eritrean	0	0	0	2,300	1,240	1,055
Ethiopian	10	0	10	2,900	1,505	1,395
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	335	165	170
Malagasy	55	20	35	25	15	10
Mauritian	115	45	60	245	125	115
Oromo	0	0	0	325	185	140
Rwandan	95	50	50	300	145	155
Seychellois	0	0	0	45	20	30
Somali	10	0	10	1,740	900	845
South African	0	0	0	730	310	420
Tanzanian	10	0	10	90	55	30
Tigrian	0	0	0	320	200	120
Ugandan	15	0	0	255	125	130
Zambian	0	0	0	200	95	110
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	310	150	160
Zulu	10	10	0	30	15	10
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	20	0	15	440	230	210
Other African origins	2,160	945	1,215	6,670	3,350	3,325
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	90	45	40	825	405	415
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	2,135	930	1,195	5,925	2,965	2,965
Asian origins	6,325	2,955	3,370	178,655	88,885	89,765
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	2,865	1,505	1,360	11,850	6,130	5,715
Afghan	65	15	45	1,010	485	530
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	890	485	400	1,755	975	785
Armenian	175	115	65	495	250	250
Assyrian	0	0	0	40	30	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	55	35	20
Georgian	0	0	0	110	60	45
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	115	75	35	1,885	1,015	870
Iraqi	10	10	0	925	480	450
Israeli	15	0	0	775	410	360
Jordanian	0	0	0	235	100	135
Kazakh	0	0	0	335	185	145
Kurd	95	45	45	305	145	160
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	40	20	25
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	45	30	20
Lebanese	875	425	450	1,375	700	675
Palestinian	20	10	10	620	340	275
Pashtun	0	0	0	65	25	40
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	170	95	70
Syrian	355	185	175	1,115	535	580
Tajik	0	0	0	55	20	40
Tatar	0	0	0	310	155	155
Turk	260	130	135	655	315	340
Turkmen	0	0	0	10	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	10	10	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	70	45	20
Yemeni	0	0	0	100	45	55
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	40	20	15	305	145	155
South Asian origins	475	235	240	43,155	22,710	20,440
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	880	500	385
Bengali	0	0	0	200	115	85
Bhutanese	70	30	40	140	55	85
East Indian	245	120	125	34,470	18,110	16,355
Goan	0	0	0	50	30	30
Gujarati	0	0	0	220	120	100
Kashmiri	0	0	0	30	10	15
Nepali	30	0	25	500	250	250
Pakistani	80	60	25	3,370	1,795	1,575
Punjabi	0	0	0	3,830	1,995	1,840
Sinhalese	0	0	0	280	145	135
Sri Lankan	45	20	25	1,090	545	545
Tamil	0	0	0	245	145	105
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	0	0	725	415	305
East and Southeast Asian origins	2,990	1,230	1,765	124,100	60,175	63,925
Burmese	0	0	0	260	125	135
Cambodian (Khmer)	395	200	190	525	280	240
Chinese	1,390	505	890	30,150	14,980	15,170
Filipino	230	90	140	83,530	39,955	43,580
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	20	0	15	530	265	265
Japanese	60	20	35	2,675	1,305	1,365
Karen	0	0	0	455	195	255
Korean	135	75	60	4,545	2,300	2,240
Laotian	450	220	230	1,730	820	910
Malaysian	10	0	0	470	240	230
Mongolian	0	0	0	150	60	90
Singaporean	0	0	0	20	10	10
Taiwanese	30	15	15	150	90	60
Thai	90	35	50	750	335	420
Tibetan	0	0	0	15	10	10
Vietnamese	555	250	305	5,850	2,915	2,935
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	10	0	0	145	70	80
Other Asian origins	25	10	20	575	320	260
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	25	10	20	575	320	260
Oceania origins	80	55	30	1,525	740	785
Australian	65	40	25	910	415	495
New Zealander	10	10	0	315	170	140
Pacific Islands origins	10	10	0	345	180	165
Fijian	0	0	0	80	45	30
Hawaiian	0	0	0	60	30	30
Maori	10	10	10	55	30	25
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	95	45	45
Samoan	0	0	0	25	0	15
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	65	30	35
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	202,140	...	...	489,050	...	...
Owner	151,230	...	...	336,170	...	...
Renter	50,595	...	...	140,260	...	...
Band housing	315	...	...	12,620	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	202,145	...	...	489,050	...	...
Condominium	17,820	...	...	33,325	...	...
Not condominium	184,325	...	...	455,725	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	202,140	...	...	489,050	...	...
No bedrooms	320	...	...	3,745	...	...
1 bedroom	19,880	...	...	63,040	...	...
2 bedrooms	64,695	...	...	121,520	...	...
3 bedrooms	72,350	...	...	175,500	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	44,890	...	...	125,240	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	202,145	...	...	489,050	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	54,740	...	...	132,410	...	...
5 rooms	33,565	...	...	82,935	...	...
6 rooms	28,670	...	...	78,750	...	...
7 rooms	29,075	...	...	64,560	...	...
8 or more rooms	56,090	...	...	130,400	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	202,140	...	...	489,050	...	...
One person or fewer per room	201,150	...	...	473,625	...	...
More than 1 person per room	985	...	...	15,420	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	202,140	...	...	489,050	...	...
Suitable	197,025	...	...	456,365	...	...
Not suitable	5,120	...	...	32,680	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	202,145	...	...	489,050	...	...
1960 or before	25,625	...	...	142,200	...	...
1961 to 1980	58,490	...	...	158,180	...	...
1981 to 1990	34,760	...	...	65,190	...	...
1991 to 2000	27,135	...	...	42,740	...	...
2001 to 2005	17,415	...	...	20,815	...	...
2006 to 2010	23,455	...	...	27,880	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	15,265	...	...	32,035	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	202,140	...	...	489,050	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	191,775	...	...	444,995	...	...
Major repairs needed	10,365	...	...	44,055	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	202,145	...	...	489,050	...	...
1 household maintainer	119,235	...	...	290,830	...	...
2 household maintainers	80,850	...	...	187,775	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	2,065	...	...	10,445	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	202,140	...	...	489,050	...	...
15 to 24 years	4,675	...	...	17,240	...	...
25 to 34 years	25,905	...	...	74,950	...	...
35 to 44 years	36,125	...	...	84,800	...	...
45 to 54 years	42,090	...	...	95,135	...	...
55 to 64 years	44,305	...	...	96,255	...	...
65 to 74 years	32,000	...	...	67,475	...	...
75 to 84 years	13,855	...	...	37,760	...	...
85 years and over	3,185	...	...	15,440	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	200,590	...	...	461,870	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	163,350	...	...	373,860	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	37,235	...	...	88,010	...	...
30% to less than 100%	34,090	...	...	76,075	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	150,320	...	...	324,120	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	67.4	...	...	60.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	13.1	...	...	11.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,035	...	...	973	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,075	...	...	1,085	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	234,906	...	...	275,473	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	250,753	...	...	297,444	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	50,445	...	...	138,905	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	6.7	...	...	19.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	34.9	...	...	36.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	737	...	...	868	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	767	...	...	891	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	400,015	198,085	201,930	1,001,305	491,580	509,725
No certificate, diploma or degree	90,820	47,845	42,980	220,390	116,570	103,820
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	94,695	44,155	50,545	296,355	147,040	149,320
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	214,495	106,085	108,410	484,555	227,975	256,585
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	87,990	54,310	33,685	77,000	54,090	22,910
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	62,190	33,010	29,180	37,490	21,985	15,500
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	25,800	21,300	4,500	39,515	32,110	7,410
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	66,750	27,260	39,490	177,620	72,785	104,840
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	13,230	5,085	8,150	28,940	12,075	16,860
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	46,520	19,430	27,090	200,990	89,020	111,970
Bachelor's degree	33,985	13,650	20,340	143,780	61,350	82,430
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	4,190	1,765	2,425	16,040	6,675	9,365
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,335	670	670	6,105	3,515	2,595
Master's degree	6,220	2,915	3,305	29,305	13,830	15,470
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	790	435	355	5,765	3,645	2,115
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	266,680	131,900	134,780	654,670	323,300	331,370
No certificate, diploma or degree	42,885	24,435	18,455	94,310	54,700	39,610
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	56,580	27,035	29,545	182,335	93,000	89,330
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	167,220	80,430	86,785	378,030	175,595	202,435
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	69,200	41,235	27,965	53,800	38,185	15,620
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	49,185	24,775	24,410	25,955	15,460	10,490
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	20,015	16,460	3,555	27,850	22,725	5,125
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	49,785	20,265	29,515	137,930	57,445	80,485
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	9,790	3,760	6,030	21,215	8,995	12,220
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	38,445	15,175	23,275	165,085	70,970	94,115
Bachelor's degree	28,320	10,890	17,425	119,150	50,120	69,035
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	3,280	1,265	2,015	12,185	4,840	7,350
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,075	445	630	5,075	2,705	2,370
Master's degree	5,135	2,250	2,880	24,410	10,815	13,595
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	645	325	320	4,270	2,495	1,770
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	400,015	198,085	201,930	1,001,305	491,585	509,725
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	185,520	92,000	93,520	516,750	263,605	253,140
Education	16,365	3,555	12,815	44,855	11,705	33,145
13. Education	16,370	3,555	12,815	44,855	11,710	33,145
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	6,955	3,235	3,725	13,170	6,230	6,940
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,525	1,185	335	2,415	1,860	550
50. Visual and performing arts	5,430	2,050	3,385	10,755	4,365	6,390
Humanities	8,335	3,235	5,100	23,030	9,915	13,110
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	735	110	630	1,775	400	1,380
23. English language and literature/letters	195	75	120	3,905	1,110	2,795
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	5,170	2,070	3,105	7,065	2,820	4,240
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	25	10	10	60	25	30
38. Philosophy and religious studies	200	140	60	1,590	940	650
39. Theology and religious vocations	490	270	220	4,510	2,590	1,925
54. History	500	310	190	3,410	1,855	1,555
55. French language and literature/letters	1,035	255	775	705	175	530
Social and behavioural sciences and law	15,550	3,945	11,605	46,555	15,805	30,750
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	110	30	75	880	220	660
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,470	440	1,030	3,115	1,225	1,890
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	4,870	265	4,600	10,760	795	9,965
22. Legal professions and studies	2,995	850	2,145	7,130	2,365	4,760
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	400	120	285	955	305	650
42. Psychology	2,615	585	2,030	8,155	2,385	5,770
45. Social sciences	3,090	1,650	1,440	15,565	8,510	7,055
Business, management and public administration	45,875	14,560	31,320	95,115	34,865	60,255
30.16 Accounting and computer science	50	20	35	320	105	210
44. Public administration and social service professions	2,235	505	1,735	7,670	1,875	5,790
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	43,590	14,035	29,555	87,125	32,875	54,250
Physical and life sciences and technologies	4,935	2,715	2,225	16,120	8,165	7,950
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,375	545	830	6,625	2,990	3,640
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	795	520	275	4,325	2,285	2,040
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	1,105	475	625	470	70	395
40. Physical sciences	1,110	845	265	3,685	2,585	1,095
41. Science technologies/technicians	550	330	225	1,020	240	780
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	6,525	4,420	2,105	18,425	11,380	7,050
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	5,700	4,090	1,605	15,225	10,050	5,175
25. Library science	455	75	380	1,140	175	965
27. Mathematics and statistics	340	230	110	1,945	1,080	865
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	35	30	10	120	75	40
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	55,170	52,020	3,150	96,625	89,275	7,350
04. Architecture and related services	1,140	735	405	2,420	1,380	1,040
14. Engineering	3,920	3,485	435	16,205	13,530	2,675
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	9,670	8,740	930	17,815	15,975	1,845
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	16,355	15,925	435	22,160	21,705	450
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	13,975	13,530	440	27,485	26,650	830
48. Precision production	10,120	9,615	500	10,530	10,030	505
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	3,955	2,610	1,345	14,540	10,260	4,275
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	2,815	1,675	1,140	11,380	8,280	3,100
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,140	930	205	3,160	1,980	1,180
Health and related fields	28,855	4,515	24,345	87,795	16,505	71,290
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	1,515	705	810	4,105	1,945	2,155
51. Health professions and related programs	27,085	3,670	23,410	81,865	13,450	68,415
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	260	135	120	1,825	1,110	715
Personal, protective and transportation services	21,950	11,265	10,685	28,275	13,845	14,435
12. Personal and culinary services	11,480	2,465	9,015	16,750	4,095	12,655
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	15	0	90	85	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	45	35	10	240	230	10
43. Security and protective services	5,165	4,010	1,155	5,005	3,680	1,330
49. Transportation and materials moving	5,245	4,745	505	6,185	5,750	435
Other	10	10	0	60	30	35
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	10	0	60	25	35
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	266,680	131,895	134,780	654,670	323,300	331,375
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	99,465	51,465	47,995	276,645	147,710	128,935
Education	11,460	2,330	9,130	31,645	7,860	23,785
13. Education	11,465	2,330	9,130	31,650	7,865	23,785
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	5,360	2,400	2,960	10,350	4,875	5,475
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,210	920	290	1,815	1,335	480
50. Visual and performing arts	4,150	1,480	2,675	8,540	3,545	4,990
Humanities	5,180	1,975	3,205	17,250	7,370	9,880
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	595	85	510	1,485	330	1,155
23. English language and literature/letters	150	65	90	2,930	810	2,120
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,990	1,255	1,735	5,420	2,245	3,180
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	10	0	10	55	30	30
38. Philosophy and religious studies	110	80	30	1,230	715	515
39. Theology and religious vocations	240	115	125	3,255	1,835	1,420
54. History	365	215	150	2,365	1,275	1,090
55. French language and literature/letters	720	170	550	505	135	370
Social and behavioural sciences and law	12,925	3,090	9,835	38,120	12,380	25,740
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	70	30	50	740	185	555
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,155	350	805	2,575	965	1,610
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	4,175	200	3,975	8,805	605	8,195
22. Legal professions and studies	2,485	625	1,860	6,085	1,795	4,285
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	270	75	195	815	265	550
42. Psychology	2,170	450	1,720	6,370	1,720	4,645
45. Social sciences	2,590	1,360	1,230	12,730	6,835	5,895
Business, management and public administration	37,305	11,120	26,175	76,370	27,865	48,495
30.16 Accounting and computer science	30	10	25	270	95	175
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,790	355	1,435	6,145	1,335	4,810
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	35,475	10,760	24,720	69,950	26,440	43,510
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,190	1,820	1,370	12,195	5,930	6,270
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,160	450	715	5,290	2,265	3,025
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	535	365	170	3,005	1,595	1,405
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	170	95	75	405	65	345
40. Physical sciences	865	635	230	2,805	1,855	950
41. Science technologies/technicians	460	275	185	690	150	545
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	5,440	3,635	1,805	15,955	9,965	5,985
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	4,785	3,380	1,405	13,600	9,015	4,585
25. Library science	375	65	310	790	135	650
27. Mathematics and statistics	265	175	90	1,465	760	700
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	15	15	0	100	60	45
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	42,555	39,785	2,765	73,680	67,440	6,240
04. Architecture and related services	960	615	340	2,025	1,160	865
14. Engineering	3,345	2,935	410	13,705	11,305	2,405
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	7,530	6,725	810	13,840	12,265	1,575
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	12,115	11,730	385	16,060	15,690	365
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	10,840	10,465	370	20,395	19,765	625
48. Precision production	7,765	7,320	450	7,655	7,250	405
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	3,155	1,995	1,160	11,450	7,800	3,645
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	2,230	1,260	965	8,760	6,170	2,590
03. Natural resources and conservation	925	735	190	2,695	1,635	1,060
Health and related fields	23,110	3,535	19,580	69,600	13,415	56,185
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	1,250	560	685	3,310	1,585	1,715
51. Health professions and related programs	21,685	2,905	18,775	64,870	11,020	53,850
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	180	70	110	1,430	810	620
Personal, protective and transportation services	17,530	8,730	8,800	21,365	10,660	10,705
12. Personal and culinary services	9,180	1,790	7,390	12,255	2,980	9,275
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	90	85	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	10	10	110	105	0
43. Security and protective services	3,965	2,985	980	4,025	2,945	1,080
49. Transportation and materials moving	4,360	3,935	425	4,885	4,545	340
Other	10	0	0	50	30	25
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	10	0	50	25	25
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	400,015	198,085	201,930	1,001,305	491,585	509,725
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	185,520	92,000	93,520	516,750	263,610	253,145
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	214,500	106,085	108,410	484,555	227,975	256,585
Location of study inside Canada	208,325	102,540	105,785	403,775	188,230	215,540
Same as province or territory of residence	206,120	101,400	104,715	352,390	162,050	190,340
Different than province or territory of residence	2,205	1,140	1,070	51,385	26,185	25,200
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	6,170	3,545	2,625	80,785	39,745	41,040
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	525	355	170	9,155	4,910	4,245
Philippines	30	10	15	26,450	11,595	14,860
India	20	10	15	10,365	5,300	5,070
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	65	35	30	4,180	2,350	1,825
China^{Census data footnote 162}	155	70	85	2,865	1,330	1,535
France	1,415	970	440	395	235	165
Other	3,955	2,090	1,865	27,375	14,030	13,345
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	266,680	131,900	134,785	654,670	323,300	331,375
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	99,465	51,465	47,995	276,640	147,705	128,935
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	167,220	80,435	86,790	378,035	175,595	202,440
Location of study inside Canada	162,115	77,595	84,520	309,655	142,710	166,950
Same as province or territory of residence	160,555	76,815	83,735	270,435	123,090	147,340
Different than province or territory of residence	1,560	775	785	39,225	19,615	19,610
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	5,110	2,840	2,265	68,375	32,885	35,485
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	365	235	130	6,215	3,005	3,210
Philippines	25	15	15	24,495	10,775	13,720
India	20	0	15	9,430	4,770	4,660
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	65	35	25	2,465	1,385	1,080
China^{Census data footnote 162}	140	60	80	2,630	1,210	1,420
France	1,025	685	340	340	195	145
Other	3,470	1,805	1,660	22,805	11,555	11,255
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	400,015	198,085	201,930	1,001,305	491,580	509,725
In the labour force	258,750	134,685	124,065	662,155	347,685	314,465
Employed	241,745	124,675	117,070	617,465	322,130	295,335
Unemployed	17,005	10,010	6,990	44,690	25,560	19,130
Not in the labour force	141,265	63,400	77,870	339,155	143,895	195,260
Participation rate	64.7	68.0	61.4	66.1	70.7	61.7
Employment rate	60.4	62.9	58.0	61.7	65.5	57.9
Unemployment rate	6.6	7.4	5.6	6.7	7.4	6.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	400,015	198,085	201,930	1,001,310	491,585	509,725
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	133,690	59,150	74,540	312,495	131,600	180,900
Worked	266,330	138,940	127,390	688,810	359,980	328,830
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	125,545	68,530	57,010	358,800	206,460	152,330
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	140,790	70,405	70,380	330,010	153,520	176,495
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.0	43.0	43.0	42.9	43.5	42.3
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	258,750	134,685	124,060	662,155	347,685	314,465
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	5,960	3,015	2,940	12,625	6,125	6,505
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	252,790	131,665	121,120	649,530	341,560	307,965
Employee	221,925	112,530	109,400	580,885	296,560	284,325
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	30,865	19,140	11,725	68,645	45,000	23,640
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	258,745	134,685	124,065	662,155	347,690	314,470
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	5,960	3,020	2,940	12,625	6,125	6,505
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	252,785	131,670	121,125	649,525	341,565	307,965
0 Management occupations	24,135	15,320	8,820	71,455	45,945	25,510
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	38,330	10,340	27,985	96,050	27,530	68,515
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	11,475	8,915	2,555	34,135	26,895	7,240
3 Health occupations	18,560	2,755	15,800	52,280	10,830	41,450
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	29,740	7,640	22,105	86,055	27,425	58,630
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	5,475	2,555	2,920	14,355	6,025	8,325
6 Sales and service occupations	58,590	24,490	34,100	144,490	62,735	81,760
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	49,405	46,730	2,675	102,660	97,500	5,160
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	3,600	2,985	615	18,400	14,490	3,910
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	13,480	9,935	3,545	29,650	22,180	7,475
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	258,745	134,685	124,060	662,155	347,685	314,465
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	5,960	3,020	2,940	12,625	6,120	6,500
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	252,790	131,665	121,125	649,525	341,560	307,965
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	4,130	2,880	1,250	28,680	20,765	7,920
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	385	325	60	5,460	4,830	635
22 Utilities	1,695	1,275	425	7,390	5,625	1,765
23 Construction	24,895	21,990	2,905	49,575	43,990	5,585
31-33 Manufacturing	29,360	21,900	7,460	54,645	40,800	13,845
41 Wholesale trade	10,290	7,090	3,200	21,890	16,040	5,850
44-45 Retail trade	34,620	15,795	18,820	69,700	33,960	35,740
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	12,635	9,610	3,025	35,490	28,350	7,145
51 Information and cultural industries	3,985	2,400	1,585	10,875	6,085	4,790
52 Finance and insurance	8,145	2,655	5,485	25,885	9,615	16,270
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	3,485	2,115	1,365	8,235	4,565	3,670
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	12,260	6,135	6,125	28,470	14,790	13,680
55 Management of companies and enterprises	140	30	105	635	250	380
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	10,300	6,540	3,755	22,285	13,105	9,170
61 Educational services	16,680	4,240	12,440	55,025	17,480	37,540
62 Health care and social assistance	35,330	5,400	29,930	93,960	18,345	75,615
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	4,535	2,420	2,115	12,980	6,620	6,360
72 Accommodation and food services	14,055	5,370	8,680	43,655	17,430	26,230
81 Other services (except public administration)	12,685	6,220	6,465	28,055	13,740	14,315
91 Public administration	13,175	7,260	5,915	46,645	25,180	21,465
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	241,740	124,670	117,070	617,465	322,125	295,335
Worked at home	15,300	7,245	8,060	42,530	23,485	19,050
Worked outside Canada	350	240	110	1,935	1,305	630
No fixed workplace address	27,855	21,990	5,865	68,420	52,715	15,710
Worked at usual place	198,230	95,195	103,035	504,580	244,620	259,960
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	198,230	95,195	103,030	504,580	244,620	259,960
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	45,380	19,250	26,130	384,465	181,650	202,820
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	30,020	12,755	17,265	50,350	23,760	26,580
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	122,545	63,000	59,545	66,495	37,055	29,435
Commute to a different province or territory	290	190	100	3,275	2,150	1,120
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	226,085	117,185	108,900	573,005	297,335	275,665
Car, truck, van - as a driver	198,380	105,195	93,190	431,755	237,860	193,895
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	7,645	3,105	4,545	40,595	14,520	26,070
Public transit	9,625	3,845	5,780	53,740	21,780	31,955
Walked	7,735	3,350	4,385	32,330	13,815	18,520
Bicycle	1,070	845	225	8,175	5,670	2,505
Other method	1,620	850	775	6,410	3,695	2,715
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	226,085	117,190	108,895	573,000	297,340	275,665
Less than 15 minutes	53,740	23,500	30,240	185,120	87,795	97,320
15 to 29 minutes	61,395	29,690	31,705	208,570	108,680	99,890
30 to 44 minutes	51,300	28,585	22,720	115,090	63,555	51,535
45 to 59 minutes	26,670	15,990	10,685	36,755	20,485	16,270
60 minutes and over	32,980	19,420	13,555	27,470	16,820	10,650
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	226,085	117,185	108,900	573,000	297,335	275,665
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	29,250	22,515	6,735	28,060	20,145	7,915
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	46,410	26,895	19,515	104,545	65,630	38,925
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	56,535	24,280	32,260	168,760	90,125	78,630
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	35,475	12,510	22,970	126,090	50,885	75,200
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	18,345	7,000	11,345	53,120	22,305	30,810
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	40,065	23,990	16,075	92,430	48,240	44,190
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	273,850	142,520	131,330	710,830	370,255	340,575
Single responses	263,340	136,465	126,875	702,445	366,000	336,445
Official languages	262,755	136,145	126,610	694,855	361,770	333,090
English	7,455	4,390	3,070	688,400	359,660	328,730
French	255,300	131,760	123,540	6,455	2,100	4,355
Non-official languages	590	320	265	7,590	4,235	3,360
Aboriginal languages	315	175	140	1,815	1,025	800
Algonquian languages	315	175	140	1,755	990	755
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	315	175	140	985	565	420
Atikamekw	315	175	140	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	980	565	415
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	770	430	335
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	230	125	110
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	535	310	230
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	55	25	30
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	60	25	30
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	55	30	30
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	10
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	10	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	270	150	125	5,770	3,215	2,560
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	10	15	300	155	145
Berber languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	30	10	20
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	30	10	20
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	0	10	270	145	125
Amharic	0	0	0	15	0	10
Arabic	0	0	0	105	70	40
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	115	50	65
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	35	25	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	10	10	140	35	100
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	140	35	100
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	485	245	240
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	10	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	10	10	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	470	235	240
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	20	0	10	10	0	10
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	10	15	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	180	110	70	3,115	1,865	1,255
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	10	0	480	245	235
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	10	0	480	245	235
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	65	50	20
Russian	0	0	0	280	145	135
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	110	40	70
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	0	10	1,300	790	505
Afrikaans	0	0	0	10	10	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	40	10	30
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	10	10	10	950	585	370
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Swedish	0	0	0	0	10	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	290	185	105
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	755	505	260
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	685	455	225
Bengali	0	0	0	20	0	15
Gujarati	0	0	0	10	10	10
Hindi	0	0	0	40	40	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	10	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	605	400	210
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	10	0	10
Iranian languages	0	0	0	75	45	30
Kurdish	0	0	0	10	10	10
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	65	45	20
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	170	100	65	580	330	245
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	25	20	10	20	10	10
Portuguese	15	15	0	330	215	115
Romanian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Spanish	130	70	55	220	100	125
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	10	0	0	305	150	150
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	15	15	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	10	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	10	210	80	135
American Sign Language	0	0	0	155	65	95
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	10	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	55	15	45
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	15	10	1,170	650	515
Chinese languages	20	15	10	1,160	650	515
Cantonese	10	10	0	690	380	315
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	15	0	10	440	255	185
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	10	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	10	10	10
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	15	0	10
Lao	0	0	0	10	0	10
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	10,505	6,055	4,455	8,390	4,255	4,125
English and French	9,850	5,760	4,090	2,655	1,150	1,505
English and non-official language	35	10	20	5,680	3,085	2,590
French and non-official language	340	150	195	10	0	0
English, French and non-official language	280	125	150	45	20	30
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	273,850	142,520	131,325	710,835	370,255	340,575
None	213,080	108,185	104,900	662,595	346,710	315,885
English	52,845	29,830	23,020	8,550	3,690	4,855
French	5,855	3,370	2,480	13,320	5,825	7,495
Non-official language	1,290	690	600	25,960	13,815	12,145
Aboriginal	175	90	80	6,500	3,245	3,255
Non-Aboriginal	1,110	595	515	19,460	10,575	8,890
English and French	20	25	0	10	0	10
English and non-official language	645	350	295	65	45	20
French and non-official language	105	75	35	335	160	175
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	10	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	481,115	239,685	241,435	1,225,480	606,585	618,895
Non-movers	433,380	216,490	216,890	1,064,380	527,020	537,360
Movers	47,735	23,195	24,540	161,100	79,570	81,535
Non-migrants	20,330	9,765	10,565	105,090	52,025	53,065
Migrants	27,405	13,430	13,975	56,010	27,545	28,465
Internal migrants	26,860	13,155	13,705	41,305	20,285	21,020
Intraprovincial migrants	26,520	12,955	13,560	30,395	14,720	15,675
Interprovincial migrants	340	200	140	10,915	5,565	5,345
External migrants	545	275	270	14,705	7,260	7,445
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	458,320	227,760	230,560	1,161,240	573,310	587,930
Non-movers	304,310	152,605	151,700	718,640	355,585	363,050
Movers	154,015	75,155	78,860	442,600	217,725	224,875
Non-migrants	63,160	30,420	32,740	261,015	128,560	132,455
Migrants	90,855	44,735	46,120	181,585	89,165	92,420
Internal migrants	88,510	43,560	44,945	117,135	56,880	60,260
Intraprovincial migrants	87,730	43,180	44,550	86,295	41,295	45,000
Interprovincial migrants	780	385	395	30,840	15,580	15,260
External migrants	2,345	1,175	1,175	64,445	32,285	32,165

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

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Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

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Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

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Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

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Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 40 referrer

Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Lanaudière [Economic region], Quebec and Manitoba [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 8, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Lanaudière [Economic region], Quebec and Manitoba [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Lanaudière [Economic region], Quebec and Manitoba [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Lanaudière [Economic region], Quebec and Manitoba [Province]