Census Profile, 2016 Census
Laurentides [Economic region], Quebec and Yukon [Territory]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Laurentides Quebec [Economic region]			Yukon [Territory]
	Data quality , Laurentides [Economic region], Quebec Map : Laurentides [Economic region], Quebec Change geography 1			Data quality : Yukon [Territory] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	589,400	...	...	35,874	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	559,700	...	...	33,897	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	5.3	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	290,274	...	...	17,987	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	249,083	...	...	15,215	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	28.4	...	...	0.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	20,779.19	...	...	474,712.68	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	589,400	292,060	297,345	35,875	18,075	17,795
0 to 14 years	98,990	50,800	48,185	6,280	3,355	2,920
0 to 4 years	31,215	16,055	15,155	2,135	1,155	985
5 to 9 years	34,955	17,855	17,105	2,120	1,130	995
10 to 14 years	32,815	16,890	15,925	2,020	1,075	945
15 to 64 years	387,630	192,970	194,655	25,340	12,500	12,835
15 to 19 years	32,865	16,690	16,175	1,935	1,000	930
20 to 24 years	33,575	17,155	16,420	1,965	1,035	930
25 to 29 years	31,100	15,685	15,415	2,550	1,245	1,310
30 to 34 years	33,090	16,420	16,665	2,890	1,395	1,495
35 to 39 years	37,715	18,575	19,140	2,590	1,235	1,355
40 to 44 years	37,395	18,570	18,825	2,540	1,170	1,370
45 to 49 years	40,310	19,900	20,405	2,465	1,210	1,245
50 to 54 years	49,355	24,400	24,955	2,880	1,390	1,495
55 to 59 years	49,640	24,525	25,115	2,995	1,505	1,490
60 to 64 years	42,580	21,045	21,535	2,530	1,315	1,220
65 years and over	102,785	48,285	54,500	4,260	2,220	2,040
65 to 69 years	36,485	17,885	18,600	1,845	980	870
70 to 74 years	27,785	13,530	14,260	1,090	605	485
75 to 79 years	17,400	8,385	9,020	645	350	295
80 to 84 years	11,370	5,090	6,275	375	160	215
85 years and over	9,740	3,400	6,345	300	125	175
85 to 89 years	6,510	2,525	3,985	195	90	105
90 to 94 years	2,600	720	1,885	80	30	50
95 to 99 years	565	150	415	20	5	20
100 years and over	70	5	60	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.8	17.4	16.2	17.5	18.6	16.4
15 to 64 years	65.8	66.1	65.5	70.6	69.2	72.1
65 years and over	17.4	16.5	18.3	11.9	12.3	11.5
85 years and over	1.7	1.2	2.1	0.8	0.7	1.0
Average age of the population	41.8	41.2	42.5	39.1	38.8	39.4
Median age of the population	43.6	42.9	44.4	39.5	39.0	39.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	249,080	...	...	15,215	...	...
Single-detached house	156,320	...	...	9,430	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	2,365	...	...	50	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	89,305	...	...	4,550	...	...
Semi-detached house	10,005	...	...	1,160	...	...
Row house	4,385	...	...	950	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	20,215	...	...	605	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	53,730	...	...	1,770	...	...
Other single-attached house	970	...	...	65	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	1,090	...	...	1,185	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	249,080	...	...	15,215	...	...
1 person	73,340	...	...	4,900	...	...
2 persons	91,555	...	...	5,180	...	...
3 persons	36,890	...	...	2,255	...	...
4 persons	32,350	...	...	1,860	...	...
5 or more persons	14,950	...	...	1,025	...	...
Number of persons in private households	577,855	...	...	35,110	...	...
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	490,410	241,260	249,155	29,595	14,725	14,870
Married or living common law	289,995	145,160	144,835	16,445	8,210	8,235
Married	159,585	80,100	79,480	11,345	5,680	5,670
Living common law	130,415	65,065	65,350	5,095	2,530	2,570
Not married and not living common law	200,415	96,095	104,320	13,150	6,515	6,635
Never married	132,430	71,775	60,660	9,150	4,905	4,245
Separated	6,945	3,255	3,685	845	370	470
Divorced	36,145	15,060	21,085	2,105	975	1,130
Widowed	24,895	6,005	18,890	1,060	265	795
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	170,590	...	...	9,845	...	...
2 persons	92,080	...	...	5,330	...	...
3 persons	35,370	...	...	2,060	...	...
4 persons	31,180	...	...	1,745	...	...
5 or more persons	11,960	...	...	710	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	170,590	...	...	9,845	...	...
Total couple families	142,395	...	...	7,970	...	...
Married couples	77,265	...	...	5,425	...	...
Common-law couples	65,130	...	...	2,545	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	28,195	...	...	1,875	...	...
Female parent	20,265	...	...	1,390	...	...
Male parent	7,935	...	...	480	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	142,395	...	...	7,970	...	...
Couples without children	74,800	...	...	4,130	...	...
Couples with children	67,595	...	...	3,840	...	...
1 child	26,785	...	...	1,575	...	...
2 children	29,280	...	...	1,600	...	...
3 or more children	11,525	...	...	660	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	28,200	...	...	1,875	...	...
1 child	17,280	...	...	1,195	...	...
2 children	8,585	...	...	485	...	...
3 or more children	2,330	...	...	195	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	98,935	49,125	49,815	7,505	3,895	3,610
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	249,085	...	...	15,215	...	...
One-census-family households	166,045	...	...	9,345	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	72,795	...	...	3,915	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	93,250	...	...	5,430	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	2,255	...	...	245	...	...
Non-census-family households	80,785	...	...	5,620	...	...
One-person households	73,340	...	...	4,900	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	7,445	...	...	720	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	584,495	289,530	294,960	35,555	17,895	17,660
English only	8,820	4,530	4,285	30,430	15,530	14,895
French only	303,730	141,000	162,730	85	40	45
English and French	270,305	143,145	127,160	4,900	2,260	2,640
Neither English nor French	1,645	860	785	140	65	75
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	584,495	289,530	294,955	35,555	17,895	17,660
English	34,590	17,815	16,770	33,720	16,960	16,760
French	541,525	267,410	274,110	1,575	815	755
English and French	6,805	3,480	3,320	125	55	70
Neither English nor French	1,575	820	755	140	65	75
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	37,985	19,560	18,430	1,635	845	790
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	6.5	6.8	6.2	4.6	4.7	4.5
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	584,490	289,535	294,960	35,560	17,900	17,660
Single responses	575,970	285,250	290,715	34,885	17,555	17,330
Official languages	550,515	272,450	278,060	30,675	15,585	15,095
English	26,690	13,790	12,905	29,105	14,775	14,335
French	523,820	258,660	265,155	1,570	810	755
Non-official languages	25,455	12,805	12,660	4,210	1,970	2,235
Aboriginal languages	70	30	40	675	295	380
Algonquian languages	20	10	10	25	5	20
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	0	10	20	5	20
Atikamekw	0	5	5	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	5	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	5	20	5	20
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	10	5	5	5	0
Algonquin	10	5	0	5	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	5	5	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	560	250	305
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	545	245	300
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	10	0	5
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	80	40	45
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	5	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	170	85	85
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	165	85	85
Tahltan	0	0	0	5	5	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	285	115	165
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	210	90	125
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	70	30	35
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	25	10	20	20	10	15
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	10	5	5
Inuktitut	20	5	15	5	5	5
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	25	10	10	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	25	5	10	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	5	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	65	25	40
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	5	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	25,390	12,770	12,615	3,530	1,675	1,860
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,640	1,915	1,725	50	25	25
Berber languages	290	150	140	0	0	0
Kabyle	165	80	80	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	125	70	60	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	5	0	0	10	5	5
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	5	5	5	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	3,345	1,760	1,585	40	25	20
Amharic	0	0	0	5	0	0
Arabic	3,250	1,715	1,535	35	20	15
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	90	50	40	5	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	5	0	5
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	655	305	350	50	30	25
Khmer (Cambodian)	355	165	185	0	0	0
Vietnamese	305	140	165	50	25	25
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	205	45	160	990	415	575
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	30	10	20	80	35	45
Fijian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	40	15	25
Ilocano	5	0	5	35	15	20
Malagasy	25	10	10	0	0	0
Malay	20	5	15	15	5	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	125	15	105	805	335	465
Waray-Waray	5	0	0	5	5	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5
Creole languages	905	425	475	25	10	15
Haitian Creole	35	15	20	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	850	400	450	15	5	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	20	5	10	15	0	10
Dravidian languages	40	25	15	55	30	25
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	5	0	5	25	10	15
Tamil	30	20	10	25	10	10
Telugu	0	0	0	5	5	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	17,655	9,030	8,625	1,715	885	825
Albanian	105	55	45	5	0	5
Armenian	335	185	150	0	0	5
Balto-Slavic languages	1,795	840	950	295	150	150
Baltic languages	35	25	10	5	5	0
Latvian	15	10	5	0	5	0
Lithuanian	25	15	5	0	0	0
Slavic languages	1,755	820	935	290	145	145
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	15	5	10	5	0	5
Bulgarian	170	90	80	5	0	0
Croatian	65	35	30	5	5	5
Czech	75	40	40	55	30	25
Macedonian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Polish	475	215	265	65	35	30
Russian	680	310	370	75	35	45
Serbian	35	25	15	5	5	0
Serbo-Croatian	30	15	10	5	5	5
Slovak	50	20	25	5	0	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	10	5	15	5	10
Ukrainian	135	55	80	50	25	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	10	5	5	10	5	5
Scottish Gaelic	0	5	0	0	5	0
Welsh	0	0	0	5	0	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	5	0	0
Germanic languages	3,140	1,595	1,550	945	495	445
Afrikaans	10	5	5	10	5	5
Danish	20	10	10	20	10	5
Dutch	185	95	90	115	50	60
Frisian	0	0	0	0	5	0
German	845	405	440	765	415	355
Icelandic	0	0	0	5	5	0
Norwegian	10	5	10	10	5	5
Swedish	25	15	10	15	10	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	45	25	25	5	0	0
Yiddish	1,995	1,030	960	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Greek	845	475	370	10	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages	580	305	275	215	115	100
Indo-Aryan languages	275	145	135	190	100	95
Bengali	20	10	10	25	5	15
Gujarati	10	5	5	20	20	5
Hindi	30	15	10	35	20	15
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	5	5	0	0	0	0
Marathi	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	100	45	55	0	0	5
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	40	20	20	85	40	45
Sindhi	5	0	5	0	5	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	10	5	5	0	5
Urdu	65	40	30	20	10	10
Iranian languages	295	160	140	25	20	10
Kurdish	20	10	10	0	0	0
Pashto	15	15	5	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	260	135	120	25	20	5
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10,850	5,570	5,280	225	105	120
Catalan	10	5	5	5	0	5
Italian	2,710	1,575	1,135	25	15	10
Portuguese	1,980	995	985	15	5	5
Romanian	1,410	690	720	10	10	5
Spanish	4,740	2,305	2,435	170	75	95
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Japanese	45	5	40	95	40	55
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	5	0	0	0
Korean	105	50	50	45	10	30
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Mongolian	0	0	0	5	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	500	245	255	25	15	10
Akan (Twi)	15	5	10	0	0	0
Bamanankan	10	5	5	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	15	10	5	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	80	35	40	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	45	20	20	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	65	25	40	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25	10	20	5	0	0
Shona	5	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	40	15	20	0	0	0
Wolof	30	20	15	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	165	80	80	10	5	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	5	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	105	55	50	20	10	5
American Sign Language	0	0	0	10	5	5
Quebec Sign Language	75	35	40	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	25	15	10	5	5	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	670	280	390	350	150	195
Chinese languages	665	280	390	350	155	195
Cantonese	145	60	85	225	100	120
Hakka	0	5	0	0	0	5
Mandarin	430	175	255	95	40	60
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	35	10	25	15	10	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	0	5	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	45	25	20	15	5	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	5	0	5	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	5	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	455	195	260	30	5	25
Lao	415	190	225	5	5	5
Thai	40	5	35	25	5	25
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	140	75	60	0	5	0
Azerbaijani	5	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	130	70	65	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	5	5	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	265	130	140	75	40	35
Estonian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Finnish	10	5	10	25	15	10
Hungarian	255	125	125	45	30	20
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	5	0	0
Multiple responses	8,525	4,280	4,245	675	345	330
English and French	5,375	2,700	2,675	220	115	100
English and non-official language	650	335	320	420	210	215
French and non-official language	1,980	975	1,005	15	10	10
English, French and non-official language	510	270	240	15	10	10
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	584,495	289,535	294,960	35,560	17,900	17,660
Single responses	572,520	283,610	288,915	34,730	17,510	17,220
Official languages	561,655	278,170	283,485	33,135	16,735	16,400
English	29,280	14,940	14,340	32,270	16,315	15,960
French	532,375	263,225	269,150	860	420	435
Non-official languages	10,870	5,440	5,430	1,600	775	825
Aboriginal languages	5	5	5	75	45	35
Algonquian languages	5	0	0	0	5	5
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	65	35	35
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	65	35	35
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	15	10	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	20	10	10
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	30	15	15
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	25	15	10
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	5	0	5
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	5	5	5	0	5	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	10	5	5	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	5	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	5	5
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	10,860	5,435	5,425	1,520	730	785
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,245	630	620	30	15	15
Berber languages	55	30	30	0	0	0
Kabyle	45	20	20	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	5	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,190	600	590	20	10	10
Amharic	0	0	0	5	0	0
Arabic	1,125	570	555	20	10	10
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	65	35	30	5	0	5
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	270	130	135	25	15	15
Khmer (Cambodian)	170	85	85	0	0	0
Vietnamese	100	50	50	30	15	15
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	25	10	15	555	255	305
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	5	5	0	35	20	15
Fijian	0	0	0	5	0	5
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	20	5	10
Ilocano	0	0	0	15	5	10
Malagasy	10	5	5	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	5	5	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	5	475	215	260
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	195	70	125	5	0	0
Haitian Creole	10	5	10	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	180	65	120	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	5
Dravidian languages	15	10	10	35	20	15
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	15	10	10
Tamil	20	10	5	15	10	5
Telugu	0	0	0	0	5	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	8,065	4,080	3,985	540	280	260
Albanian	60	35	30	0	0	0
Armenian	165	85	80	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	815	405	410	85	40	45
Baltic languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	815	400	410	85	40	40
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	140	70	70	0	0	0
Croatian	10	5	5	5	0	0
Czech	20	10	15	15	5	5
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	145	75	70	20	15	10
Russian	445	225	220	30	15	15
Serbian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	5	5	0	0
Slovak	15	5	10	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ukrainian	30	10	20	0	0	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	2,095	1,085	1,010	245	125	115
Afrikaans	5	5	0	10	5	5
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	15	10	10	10	0	5
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	120	55	65	225	115	105
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	5	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	5	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	10	5	0	0	0
Yiddish	1,935	1,005	925	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	220	95	120	5	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages	345	170	170	100	55	45
Indo-Aryan languages	175	85	90	90	45	40
Bengali	10	5	5	15	5	10
Gujarati	0	0	0	15	10	0
Hindi	15	5	5	15	10	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	90	40	50	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	10	10	45	20	25
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	45	20	20	10	5	5
Iranian languages	170	85	80	15	10	5
Kurdish	20	10	5	0	0	0
Pashto	10	5	5	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	145	75	70	15	15	5
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,370	2,205	2,160	110	50	60
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	345	175	170	5	0	0
Portuguese	560	280	285	0	0	0
Romanian	955	470	480	5	5	5
Spanish	2,510	1,285	1,230	100	45	50
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	5	0	5	50	25	25
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	70	40	35	25	10	10
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	95	35	60	5	0	0
Akan (Twi)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Bamanankan	5	5	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	15	0	5	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	10	5	10	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	5	0	0
Swahili	20	10	10	0	0	0
Wolof	15	5	10	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	145	80	65	15	10	5
American Sign Language	5	0	5	10	5	5
Quebec Sign Language	70	35	30	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	70	45	30	5	0	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	370	180	185	220	100	120
Chinese languages	370	180	185	215	95	120
Cantonese	60	30	30	155	70	90
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	275	130	140	55	25	30
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	5	5	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	5	5	5	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	225	100	120	10	0	5
Lao	215	100	120	5	0	0
Thai	5	0	0	10	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	70	30	35	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	65	30	35	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	55	30	25	10	5	5
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	5	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	55	30	25	10	5	5
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	5	0	0
Multiple responses	11,970	5,925	6,040	830	385	445
English and French	5,940	3,020	2,915	120	60	60
English and non-official language	935	450	490	680	315	370
French and non-official language	3,980	1,885	2,095	5	0	5
English, French and non-official language	1,115	570	545	15	10	10
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	584,490	289,530	294,960	35,555	17,895	17,660
None	521,645	257,660	263,985	31,490	15,990	15,500
English	37,755	19,420	18,335	1,250	590	660
French	13,250	6,645	6,605	890	425	470
Non-official language	9,070	4,425	4,645	1,830	845	985
Aboriginal	50	25	25	585	275	315
Non-Aboriginal	9,020	4,400	4,620	1,245	575	675
English and French	610	305	300	20	10	10
English and non-official language	1,385	695	690	35	15	20
French and non-official language	750	365	385	45	25	25
English, French and non-official language	30	20	15	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	479,010	236,360	242,650	28,895	14,325	14,565
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	462,785	228,925	233,865	27,975	13,845	14,135
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,117	40,002	28,779	45,804	48,685	43,192
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	462,930	228,940	233,995	27,975	13,840	14,130
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,296	34,621	26,157	41,235	43,240	39,353
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	414,125	209,755	204,375	26,300	13,005	13,295
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,675	37,234	24,893	43,961	47,135	40,806
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	351,335	161,615	189,720	17,670	8,205	9,465
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,598	6,827	8,117	4,724	4,742	4,708
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	341,575	177,280	164,290	23,940	11,925	12,015
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,255	36,676	26,795	43,341	45,938	40,804
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	479,010	236,370	242,640	28,880	14,315	14,565
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	462,950	228,810	234,145	27,920	13,860	14,060
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,150	50,596	35,874	53,809	57,649	50,023
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	463,075	228,815	234,255	27,925	13,860	14,065
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,372	40,515	30,348	45,994	48,598	43,429
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	414,570	209,835	204,735	26,255	13,035	13,220
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,741	48,804	32,476	52,102	56,529	47,736
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	351,650	161,790	189,865	17,700	8,290	9,415
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,778	8,258	9,220	7,595	7,499	7,680
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	341,575	177,240	164,330	23,940	11,940	12,005
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,248	46,597	33,400	50,089	53,885	46,314
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	479,010	236,375	242,635	28,880	14,315	14,565
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	147,400	79,965	67,435	10,655	5,325	5,330
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	47,695	53,751	41,610	67,699	72,122	64,301
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	55,414	62,440	47,082	70,536	75,141	65,936
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	84.6	88.5	79.2	91.1	92.4	89.7
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	68.8	71.2	65.5	78.7	79.2	78.0
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	15.4	11.5	20.8	8.9	7.6	10.3
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	479,015	236,365	242,650	28,895	14,325	14,570
Without total income	16,230	7,440	8,785	920	485	435
With total income	462,785	228,920	233,860	27,975	13,840	14,130
Percentage with total income	96.6	96.9	96.4	96.8	96.6	97.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	53,105	22,375	30,730	2,875	1,460	1,415
$10,000 to $19,999	82,620	32,450	50,170	3,350	1,575	1,775
$20,000 to $29,999	70,350	30,210	40,145	3,455	1,605	1,845
$30,000 to $39,999	61,885	29,415	32,470	2,815	1,240	1,575
$40,000 to $49,999	54,435	27,600	26,835	2,545	1,195	1,345
$50,000 to $59,999	40,200	22,005	18,200	2,340	1,115	1,225
$60,000 to $69,999	28,110	16,585	11,530	2,370	1,115	1,255
$70,000 to $79,999	22,705	13,635	9,070	2,095	1,010	1,085
$80,000 to $89,999	14,840	9,450	5,395	1,725	885	840
$90,000 to $99,999	9,415	6,520	2,895	1,340	710	630
$100,000 and over	25,110	18,685	6,430	3,065	1,930	1,135
$100,000 to $149,999	17,110	12,500	4,610	2,325	1,410	910
$150,000 and over	8,000	6,185	1,820	740	520	225
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	479,015	236,365	242,650	28,890	14,325	14,565
Without after-tax income	16,080	7,420	8,660	920	485	435
With after-tax income	462,935	228,940	233,990	27,975	13,840	14,135
Percentage with after-tax income	96.6	96.9	96.4	96.8	96.6	97.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	55,865	23,005	32,860	2,935	1,485	1,445
$10,000 to $19,999	87,305	34,625	52,675	3,525	1,660	1,860
$20,000 to $29,999	85,965	38,120	47,850	3,860	1,800	2,065
$30,000 to $39,999	79,540	39,820	39,725	3,285	1,480	1,810
$40,000 to $49,999	58,840	32,185	26,655	3,080	1,450	1,630
$50,000 to $59,999	38,050	22,340	15,715	3,045	1,445	1,600
$60,000 to $69,999	24,295	15,045	9,245	2,685	1,305	1,380
$70,000 to $79,999	12,575	8,590	3,985	2,095	1,085	1,010
$80,000 and over	20,500	15,215	5,285	3,475	2,125	1,345
$80,000 to $89,999	6,620	4,770	1,850	1,285	710	580
$90,000 to $99,999	3,970	2,950	1,025	780	490	290
$100,000 and over	9,910	7,495	2,410	1,405	930	480
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	479,010	236,360	242,650	28,890	14,325	14,570
Without employment income	137,440	59,075	78,355	4,950	2,400	2,550
With employment income	341,575	177,280	164,295	23,945	11,930	12,015
Percentage with employment income	71.3	75.0	67.7	82.9	83.3	82.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	45,105	23,725	21,380	2,715	1,355	1,360
$5,000 to $9,999	26,435	11,365	15,065	1,605	745	860
$10,000 to $19,999	51,350	22,295	29,055	2,635	1,245	1,390
$20,000 to $29,999	42,685	18,840	23,840	2,275	1,050	1,225
$30,000 to $39,999	40,525	18,875	21,655	2,060	995	1,065
$40,000 to $49,999	33,755	17,010	16,750	1,985	940	1,040
$50,000 to $59,999	26,575	15,115	11,460	1,875	855	1,025
$60,000 to $69,999	20,115	12,035	8,085	1,980	885	1,095
$70,000 to $79,999	18,150	10,845	7,305	1,750	845	905
$80,000 and over	36,885	27,185	9,700	5,065	3,015	2,055
$80,000 to $89,999	11,010	7,655	3,355	1,495	810	680
$90,000 to $99,999	7,370	5,330	2,045	1,135	610	530
$100,000 and over	18,505	14,205	4,305	2,435	1,590	845
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	249,085	...	...	15,215	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	63,980	...	...	84,521	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	55,265	...	...	73,935	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	73,340	...	...	4,900	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,970	...	...	42,170	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	28,718	...	...	38,536	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	175,745	...	...	10,315	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	80,962	...	...	110,664	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	68,981	...	...	96,068	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	249,080	...	...	15,215	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	80,200	...	...	98,739	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	65,760	...	...	84,412	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	73,325	...	...	4,920	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	39,837	...	...	50,317	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	33,126	...	...	43,443	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	175,755	...	...	10,295	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	97,040	...	...	121,861	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	79,376	...	...	103,975	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	249,080	...	...	15,215	...	...
Under $5,000	2,160	...	...	225	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	3,130	...	...	155	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	6,895	...	...	290	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	11,330	...	...	555	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	11,970	...	...	670	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	9,995	...	...	480	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	12,395	...	...	510	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	12,525	...	...	505	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	12,120	...	...	510	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	11,810	...	...	455	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	22,255	...	...	910	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	19,430	...	...	965	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	18,080	...	...	935	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	15,650	...	...	960	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	13,415	...	...	860	...	...
$100,000 and over	65,915	...	...	6,220	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	25,155	...	...	1,725	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	15,815	...	...	1,400	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	15,115	...	...	1,850	...	...
$200,000 and over	9,830	...	...	1,250	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	249,085	...	...	15,215	...	...
Under $5,000	2,455	...	...	235	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	3,210	...	...	160	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	6,995	...	...	295	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	11,965	...	...	580	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	13,600	...	...	680	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	12,040	...	...	555	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	15,460	...	...	575	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	15,480	...	...	605	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	14,585	...	...	575	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	14,525	...	...	510	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	26,265	...	...	1,190	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	23,175	...	...	1,185	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	19,305	...	...	1,150	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	15,940	...	...	1,005	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	12,640	...	...	885	...	...
$100,000 and over	41,445	...	...	5,045	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	20,925	...	...	1,840	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	10,025	...	...	1,420	...	...
$150,000 and over	10,495	...	...	1,785	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	170,325	...	...	9,795	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	81,231	...	...	108,816	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	69,134	...	...	94,853	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	71,280	...	...	3,890	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	70,260	...	...	104,425	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	60,173	...	...	90,825	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	68,055	...	...	3,860	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	108,814	...	...	139,567	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	90,842	...	...	119,060	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	27,130	...	...	1,765	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	53,513	...	...	62,816	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	48,149	...	...	58,386	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	170,370	...	...	9,795	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	97,399	...	...	120,618	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	79,539	...	...	102,755	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	71,185	...	...	3,900	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	83,871	...	...	113,004	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	68,408	...	...	95,932	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	68,165	...	...	3,885	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	126,451	...	...	151,228	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	102,279	...	...	127,809	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	27,120	...	...	1,750	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	61,173	...	...	72,156	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	52,313	...	...	64,133	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	89,205	44,830	44,370	6,685	3,505	3,180
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	29,957	33,452	27,177	39,951	36,718	42,449
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	27,191	29,632	25,310	36,618	33,829	39,148
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	89,020	44,440	44,585	6,705	3,630	3,070
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	37,997	41,052	34,950	47,879	46,673	49,305
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	31,775	33,540	30,016	41,460	40,111	43,054
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	577,855	287,070	290,785	35,110	17,645	17,470
In the bottom half of the distribution	319,200	154,430	164,770	12,840	6,500	6,340
In the bottom decile	43,530	21,225	22,310	2,530	1,440	1,090
In the second decile	61,050	27,665	33,380	2,705	1,345	1,360
In the third decile	71,140	34,170	36,975	2,315	1,110	1,205
In the fourth decile	73,145	36,125	37,020	2,420	1,145	1,275
In the fifth decile	70,335	35,250	35,085	2,870	1,455	1,415
In the top half of the distribution	258,660	132,640	126,020	22,270	11,145	11,130
In the sixth decile	68,130	34,645	33,490	3,005	1,500	1,505
In the seventh decile	62,340	31,770	30,565	3,535	1,745	1,790
In the eighth decile	54,995	28,455	26,535	4,495	2,200	2,300
In the ninth decile	42,260	21,785	20,485	5,420	2,755	2,670
In the top decile	30,930	15,985	14,945	5,810	2,950	2,860
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	577,855	287,075	290,785	0	0	0
0 to 17 years	118,415	60,600	57,815	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	37,895	19,470	18,425	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	365,030	180,920	184,110	0	0	0
65 years and over	94,410	45,550	48,860	0	0	0
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	71,855	33,200	38,655	0	0	0
0 to 17 years	14,495	7,290	7,200	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	4,465	2,245	2,220	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	41,140	19,705	21,435	0	0	0
65 years and over	16,230	6,210	10,020	0	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.4	11.6	13.3	...	...	...
0 to 17 years (%)	12.2	12.0	12.5	...	...	...
0 to 5 years (%)	11.8	11.5	12.0	...	...	...
18 to 64 years (%)	11.3	10.9	11.6	...	...	...
65 years and over (%)	17.2	13.6	20.5	...	...	...
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	35,305	17,130	18,175	0	0	0
0 to 17 years	6,405	3,240	3,170	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	1,910	955	955	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	24,910	12,610	12,300	0	0	0
65 years and over	3,995	1,285	2,705	0	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.1	6.0	6.3	...	...	...
0 to 17 years (%)	5.4	5.3	5.5	...	...	...
0 to 5 years (%)	5.0	4.9	5.2	...	...	...
18 to 64 years (%)	6.8	7.0	6.7	...	...	...
65 years and over (%)	4.2	2.8	5.5	...	...	...
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	577,860	287,070	290,785	35,110	17,640	17,465
Official languages	576,265	286,305	289,965	35,010	17,605	17,405
English	277,245	146,685	130,565	34,930	17,570	17,365
French	567,675	281,825	285,850	4,910	2,270	2,640
Non-official languages	49,635	23,915	25,720	6,255	2,970	3,285
Aboriginal languages	145	60	80	1,165	535	630
Algonquian languages	50	25	20	40	15	25
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	20	10	15	30	10	15
Atikamekw	0	10	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	0	0	25	10	15
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	30	20	10	10	10	10
Algonquin	25	15	10	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	10	0	10	10	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	870	400	470
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	860	395	465
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	10
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	15	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	95	45	50
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	20	10	10
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	10	15
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	335	185	150
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	330	180	150
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	10	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	405	160	245
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	275	115	160
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	135	50	90
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	35	10	25	50	10	35
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	30	10	25
Inuktitut	35	10	25	20	10	10
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	50	25	30	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	50	25	30	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	10	10	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	10	10	10
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	10	10	10
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	195	95	100
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	10	0	10	25	10	15
Non-Aboriginal languages	49,505	23,860	25,645	5,105	2,440	2,665
Afro-Asiatic languages	5,910	3,010	2,900	70	50	20
Berber languages	340	160	180	0	0	0
Kabyle	155	85	70	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	185	75	105	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	20	20	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	20	20	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	5,710	2,925	2,790	50	35	20
Amharic	0	0	10	10	0	10
Arabic	5,445	2,755	2,695	30	25	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	270	175	85	15	0	10
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	10	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	960	465	500	60	35	30
Khmer (Cambodian)	605	295	310	0	0	0
Vietnamese	370	175	195	60	30	30
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	385	110	275	1,225	490	730
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	10
Cebuano	75	30	45	115	55	60
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	10	0	10	20	0	15
Ilocano	10	0	10	20	10	15
Malagasy	50	15	40	0	0	0
Malay	70	25	45	35	15	20
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	210	50	160	1,095	445	650
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	20	0	15
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	10	0
Creole languages	2,260	1,030	1,230	15	0	10
Haitian Creole	80	45	35	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	2,165	975	1,185	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	15	10	10
Dravidian languages	40	25	15	50	25	20
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	10	10	0
Tamil	35	20	15	45	20	20
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	37,230	17,985	19,245	3,060	1,540	1,515
Albanian	80	45	40	10	0	0
Armenian	405	185	220	15	10	15
Balto-Slavic languages	2,150	1,085	1,065	375	195	185
Baltic languages	50	35	20	0	0	0
Latvian	20	15	10	10	10	0
Lithuanian	35	20	15	0	0	0
Slavic languages	2,100	1,050	1,050	375	190	180
Belarusan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Bosnian	30	10	15	0	0	0
Bulgarian	195	95	95	10	0	10
Croatian	100	50	45	25	20	10
Czech	120	70	55	80	55	25
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	575	270	305	50	25	30
Russian	935	475	460	145	65	75
Serbian	30	20	10	10	10	0
Serbo-Croatian	25	10	10	0	0	0
Slovak	45	25	20	15	10	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	10	10	30	10	25
Ukrainian	185	70	120	40	25	20
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Celtic languages	25	20	0	20	10	10
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	0	10	10	0
Welsh	0	0	0	10	10	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	20	15	0	10	10	0
Germanic languages	5,065	2,570	2,495	1,360	715	650
Afrikaans	20	10	0	45	25	25
Danish	30	0	30	10	10	0
Dutch	265	135	130	155	75	75
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	2,400	1,175	1,225	1,125	585	540
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	25	10	15	30	15	15
Swedish	85	50	30	25	15	15
Vlaams (Flemish)	35	10	20	0	0	0
Yiddish	2,270	1,210	1,055	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	20	0	0	0
Greek	1,320	690	630	10	10	10
Indo-Iranian languages	655	380	275	315	190	125
Indo-Aryan languages	360	200	160	300	180	120
Bengali	10	10	0	20	10	10
Gujarati	30	0	20	50	45	10
Hindi	95	55	40	170	115	55
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	115	60	55	10	10	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	60	40	25	150	70	80
Sindhi	0	0	10	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	35	10	25	0	0	0
Urdu	85	60	25	50	25	25
Iranian languages	315	195	125	15	10	0
Kurdish	10	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	15	10	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	300	180	120	15	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	28,580	13,475	15,105	1,130	490	635
Catalan	35	25	10	0	0	0
Italian	5,880	3,170	2,710	130	45	85
Portuguese	3,125	1,550	1,575	55	30	30
Romanian	1,660	805	855	15	0	10
Spanish	19,335	8,655	10,685	975	435	535
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0	0	0
Japanese	175	90	90	105	55	45
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	65	30	35	70	20	50
Mongolic languages	10	0	10	10	0	0
Mongolian	10	0	10	10	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	1,110	590	520	65	40	25
Akan (Twi)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	55	30	20	0	0	10
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	25	20	10	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	210	105	105	0	0	0
Ga	0	10	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	145	80	70	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	130	65	65	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	40	10	25	0	0	10
Shona	0	0	0	0	10	0
Swahili	125	65	65	15	10	10
Wolof	130	65	60	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	10	0	10	10	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	385	220	160	30	10	20
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	600	250	345	55	25	35
American Sign Language	30	10	25	40	20	15
Quebec Sign Language	360	145	215	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	225	105	120	15	0	15
Sino-Tibetan languages	990	465	530	305	150	155
Chinese languages	985	455	525	300	145	155
Cantonese	220	100	120	180	105	75
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	715	340	380	185	80	105
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	40	10	30	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	40	20	20	10	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	610	265	345	40	25	15
Lao	490	215	275	10	0	0
Thai	180	65	110	40	20	15
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	215	110	105	20	15	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	205	100	100	10	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	10	10	10	10	10	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	255	125	135	115	65	50
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	10	0	0	45	15	25
Hungarian	245	120	120	75	45	25
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	35	25	15	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	577,860	287,070	290,785	35,110	17,640	17,465
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	570,160	283,370	286,790	32,955	16,610	16,350
Canadian citizens aged under 18	117,340	60,295	57,055	7,085	3,700	3,390
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	452,815	223,080	229,735	25,875	12,910	12,965
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	7,695	3,705	4,000	2,155	1,035	1,120
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	577,855	287,075	290,785	35,110	17,645	17,465
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	546,035	271,180	274,860	30,260	15,305	14,950
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	30,705	15,290	15,410	4,410	2,075	2,330
Before 1981	8,575	4,795	3,775	1,325	695	630
1981 to 1990	3,890	1,860	2,030	385	200	185
1991 to 2000	5,305	2,525	2,780	530	235	295
2001 to 2010	9,320	4,420	4,895	1,055	480	575
2001 to 2005	4,460	2,195	2,265	330	130	205
2006 to 2010	4,855	2,225	2,630	725	350	375
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	3,620	1,690	1,925	1,115	470	645
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	1,120	605	510	435	255	185
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	30,705	15,295	15,415	4,410	2,080	2,330
Under 5 years	4,185	1,935	2,250	460	205	255
5 to 14 years	5,915	3,115	2,795	765	375	390
15 to 24 years	6,290	3,095	3,190	915	420	490
25 to 44 years	12,655	6,365	6,290	1,970	935	1,035
45 years and over	1,665	780	880	310	145	160
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	30,705	15,290	15,415	4,410	2,080	2,330
Americas	6,790	3,180	3,610	700	295	410
Brazil	265	135	135	10	10	10
Colombia	850	355	495	15	10	0
El Salvador	250	115	140	10	0	0
Guyana	20	0	15	10	0	10
Haiti	1,505	640	865	0	0	0
Jamaica	30	15	15	15	0	15
Mexico	550	205	345	45	20	20
Peru	250	135	115	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	35	10	25	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	1,330	720	610	560	235	320
Other places of birth in Americas	1,700	845	850	45	20	30
Europe	13,830	7,310	6,520	1,730	945	785
Bosnia and Herzegovina	40	20	20	10	10	0
Croatia	55	40	15	10	10	0
France	5,540	2,940	2,600	80	50	30
Germany	665	310	350	440	245	195
Greece	255	145	110	0	0	0
Hungary	95	65	30	40	25	20
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	30	15	10	35	25	15
Italy	1,045	690	360	40	20	15
Netherlands	120	55	65	135	70	65
Poland	310	130	170	35	10	15
Portugal	1,170	590	580	10	10	0
Romania	1,250	645	605	10	0	10
Russian Federation	310	145	165	25	10	20
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	25	15	10	0	0	0
Ukraine	185	75	110	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	630	345	285	520	260	250
Other places of birth in Europe	2,110	1,085	1,025	355	215	140
Africa	5,000	2,540	2,465	175	125	50
Algeria	935	470	465	10	0	0
Egypt	480	290	190	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	10	10	0
Kenya	10	0	0	10	10	0
Morocco	1,600	820	780	10	10	0
Nigeria	10	0	0	15	10	0
Somalia	0	0	0	20	15	10
South Africa, Republic of	25	15	0	50	25	25
Other places of birth in Africa	1,940	930	1,010	45	35	15
Asia	4,990	2,210	2,775	1,695	675	1,010
Afghanistan	80	30	45	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	10	10	10
China^{Census data footnote 59}	930	230	700	230	80	150
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	50	20	30	15	10	0
India	90	55	35	110	50	60
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	160	105	60	15	10	10
Iraq	10	0	10	0	0	0
Japan	35	0	30	20	10	10
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	140	80	65	50	25	30
Lebanon	1,110	595	515	0	0	0
Pakistan	70	55	15	25	10	15
Philippines	260	75	190	1,010	385	625
Sri Lanka	60	30	25	15	0	10
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	250	135	115	10	0	0
Taiwan	55	15	35	10	0	0
Viet Nam	365	165	190	60	25	35
Other places of birth in Asia	1,315	605	710	120	55	70
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	100	45	50	110	40	70
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	3,615	1,690	1,925	1,115	470	640
Americas	1,115	510	615	85	25	55
Brazil	100	50	45	10	0	10
Colombia	140	55	80	0	0	0
Cuba	160	60	100	10	0	10
Haiti	285	110	175	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	115	40	70	25	10	15
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	170	100	70	35	15	25
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	35	10	20	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	120	75	40	0	0	0
Europe	1,195	565	630	170	85	85
France	825	415	405	40	20	20
Germany	35	10	30	60	25	35
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	15	10	10
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	35	15	20	10	0	0
Romania	80	30	45	0	0	0
Russian Federation	30	10	25	10	0	10
Ukraine	15	10	10	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	20	0	10	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	155	75	80	35	20	20
Africa	800	410	390	15	10	0
Algeria	150	90	65	0	0	0
Cameroon	75	35	40	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	30	15	20	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	30	10	20	0	0	0
Egypt	40	20	25	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	170	70	100	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	10	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	15	10	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	270	155	110	10	10	0
Asia	500	205	290	835	345	495
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	120	45	75	40	20	25
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	40	10	25
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	15	10	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	15	10	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	10	10	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	15	10	10	25	15	10
Lebanon	40	25	15	0	0	0
Nepal	10	15	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	20	10	10
Philippines	100	35	65	635	245	390
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	10	0	10	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	90	40	55	0	0	0
Taiwan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	20	20	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	10	0	15	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	55	10	45	50	20	30
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	10	10	10	10
Australia	0	0	0	10	0	10
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	10	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	577,855	287,075	290,785	35,110	17,640	17,470
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	33,130	16,570	16,555	5,055	2,460	2,590
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	36,370	18,525	17,845	5,570	2,735	2,835
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	508,360	251,980	256,380	24,490	12,450	12,045
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	22,665	10,745	11,920	3,155	1,420	1,740
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	11,890	6,070	5,815	2,045	990	1,055
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	5,390	3,390	2,000	1,015	565	450
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	6,500	2,680	3,815	1,030	420	605
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	7,205	2,935	4,270	980	340	635
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	3,405	1,685	1,720	125	85	45
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	170	55	115	10	10	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	577,855	287,075	290,785	35,115	17,645	17,465
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	9,810	4,730	5,080	8,195	3,960	4,230
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	9,310	4,510	4,800	7,925	3,815	4,110
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	3,775	1,795	1,980	6,685	3,315	3,370
Métis	5,425	2,675	2,750	1,015	430	590
Inuk (Inuit)	105	35	70	230	75	150
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	210	115	100	160	85	75
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	290	110	180	105	60	45
Non-Aboriginal identity	568,045	282,335	285,705	26,915	13,685	13,235
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	577,860	287,075	290,785	35,110	17,645	17,465
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	2,375	1,105	1,270	5,910	2,990	2,920
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	575,485	285,970	289,515	29,200	14,655	14,550
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	577,860	287,075	290,785	35,115	17,645	17,470
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	6,660	3,110	3,550	3,740	1,860	1,880
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	6,535	3,040	3,495	3,650	1,810	1,840
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	4,970	2,270	2,705	3,405	1,705	1,695
Métis single ancestry	1,495	755	740	150	65	90
Inuit single ancestry	75	15	55	95	35	55
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	125	70	50	85	50	35
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	110	60	45	30	10	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	55	35	15
Métis and Inuit ancestries	10	10	10	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	20,995	9,860	11,135	4,585	2,140	2,440
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	20,645	9,705	10,945	4,325	2,035	2,295
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	17,750	8,310	9,445	3,515	1,680	1,840
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,720	1,305	1,410	660	285	375
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	175	90	90	145	70	80
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	345	155	190	260	110	155
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	300	150	150	160	65	105
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	40	10	30	90	40	50
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	0	0	10	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	550,200	274,100	276,100	26,790	13,645	13,145
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	577,855	287,070	290,785	35,115	17,645	17,470
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	21,925	10,495	11,435	3,000	1,345	1,650
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	750	370	380	500	275	225
Chinese	1,650	585	1,070	415	170	240
Black	7,395	3,635	3,760	270	120	150
Filipino	340	110	230	1,190	480	710
Latin American	3,930	1,875	2,055	130	75	60
Arab	4,325	2,205	2,120	10	10	10
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	2,205	1,060	1,150	180	80	100
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	345	205	140	30	20	10
Korean	170	105	65	70	20	50
Japanese	85	35	50	65	35	30
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	160	60	100	15	10	10
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	565	255	310	120	60	60
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	555,930	276,580	279,350	32,110	16,295	15,815
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	577,855	287,075	290,785	35,115	17,645	17,470
North American Aboriginal origins	27,655	12,975	14,685	8,320	4,000	4,325
First Nations (North American Indian)	23,180	10,805	12,380	7,255	3,535	3,725
Inuit	310	125	185	390	195	200
Métis	4,635	2,280	2,360	1,020	430	590
Other North American origins	412,275	203,455	208,820	9,335	4,775	4,565
Acadian	2,515	1,170	1,345	165	65	95
American	3,255	1,530	1,725	675	310	365
Canadian	394,130	194,325	199,805	8,635	4,460	4,180
New Brunswicker	40	20	20	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	45	15	30	65	30	35
Nova Scotian	30	10	25	10	0	0
Ontarian	180	105	80	0	0	10
Québécois	16,835	8,660	8,180	85	40	50
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	15	10	10	0	0	0
European origins	226,725	114,025	112,695	24,990	12,525	12,465
British Isles origins	58,715	28,910	29,810	17,525	8,740	8,780
Channel Islander	45	25	20	0	0	0
Cornish	0	0	10	0	0	0
English	15,520	7,635	7,885	9,680	4,850	4,825
Irish	37,840	18,490	19,350	6,930	3,310	3,615
Manx	20	10	10	10	0	10
Scottish	15,125	7,495	7,635	8,290	4,065	4,235
Welsh	590	325	260	905	425	480
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	1,815	860	955	1,235	595	640
French origins	150,600	75,975	74,625	5,060	2,455	2,605
Alsatian	75	55	25	0	10	0
Breton	1,160	590	565	15	10	10
Corsican	120	60	65	0	0	0
French	149,730	75,505	74,225	5,035	2,440	2,600
Western European origins (except French origins)	19,150	9,350	9,800	7,690	3,805	3,885
Austrian	845	370	480	365	180	185
Bavarian	0	10	0	10	10	0
Belgian	5,585	2,715	2,870	175	85	90
Dutch	1,650	785	865	1,765	815	945
Flemish	90	45	50	10	0	10
Frisian	0	0	0	15	0	15
German	10,110	4,920	5,190	5,575	2,765	2,810
Luxembourger	90	45	45	10	0	0
Swiss	1,790	1,005	790	435	265	170
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	30	0	30
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	1,410	735	680	3,335	1,625	1,710
Danish	265	130	130	555	275	280
Finnish	115	60	60	275	135	145
Icelandic	65	30	35	215	125	85
Norwegian	460	230	230	1,380	690	690
Swedish	380	190	190	1,100	510	585
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	175	130	45	205	110	95
Eastern European origins	12,430	6,145	6,285	4,495	2,190	2,305
Bulgarian	290	140	150	45	15	30
Byelorussian	45	10	35	20	10	0
Czech	420	215	205	180	110	70
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	160	70	90	40	10	30
Estonian	25	15	10	15	15	0
Hungarian	2,195	1,090	1,105	485	250	235
Latvian	80	40	40	50	25	20
Lithuanian	290	140	145	35	15	25
Moldovan	165	85	75	0	0	0
Polish	3,980	1,995	1,985	1,140	530	605
Romanian	2,220	1,105	1,115	130	60	75
Russian	1,785	885	905	820	365	460
Slovak	325	190	140	110	60	55
Ukrainian	2,115	995	1,120	2,205	1,055	1,145
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	35	20	10	35	20	20
Southern European origins	32,775	16,530	16,245	1,490	690	795
Albanian	60	25	30	10	0	0
Bosnian	60	30	30	20	15	10
Catalan	30	20	10	0	0	0
Croatian	225	100	125	55	25	35
Cypriot	15	15	10	0	0	0
Greek	2,695	1,395	1,295	90	50	40
Italian	21,310	10,715	10,595	915	400	520
Kosovar	65	45	25	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	10	0	15	15	0
Maltese	70	40	25	10	0	0
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	5,100	2,560	2,540	70	30	35
Serbian	85	60	25	10	0	0
Sicilian	100	50	55	10	0	10
Slovenian	75	45	30	45	15	30
Spanish	4,255	2,095	2,160	270	140	130
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	185	80	95	30	15	15
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	15	0	10	0	0	0
Other European origins	2,295	1,245	1,055	450	175	280
Basque	310	175	135	20	0	20
Jewish	1,280	695	580	150	50	100
Roma (Gypsy)	35	0	30	10	10	10
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	30	10	20
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	670	365	310	250	115	130
Caribbean origins	5,285	2,560	2,730	165	70	95
Antiguan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	10	0	0	10	0	0
Barbadian	80	50	35	10	0	0
Bermudan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	565	265	300	15	0	0
Dominican	260	145	110	0	0	0
Grenadian	30	10	25	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	25	15	10	0	0	0
Haitian	3,715	1,750	1,960	0	0	0
Jamaican	315	155	160	95	40	50
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	75	45	30	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	20	10	10	0	0	0
St. Lucian	40	25	15	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	155	85	75	20	0	15
Vincentian/Grenadinian	10	0	10	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	90	35	60	15	10	10
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	40	20	15	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	5,945	2,920	3,025	215	110	105
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	200	110	95	0	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	155	65	90	35	15	20
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	60	30	30	0	0	0
Brazilian	350	155	190	20	10	10
Chilean	605	335	270	25	20	10
Colombian	1,175	510	665	25	15	10
Costa Rican	45	15	35	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	100	65	35	0	0	0
Guatemalan	340	195	145	0	10	0
Guyanese	35	20	20	10	0	10
Hispanic	30	15	15	0	0	0
Honduran	100	55	40	10	0	10
Maya	45	25	20	0	0	0
Mexican	1,260	650	610	90	50	40
Nicaraguan	85	35	50	0	0	0
Panamanian	80	40	45	10	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	515	230	285	0	0	0
Salvadorean	655	325	330	0	0	0
Uruguayan	145	65	80	0	0	0
Venezuelan	210	95	115	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	140	85	60	0	0	0
African origins	9,030	4,525	4,505	350	165	185
Central and West African origins	2,030	1,045	980	60	30	25
Akan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Angolan	25	10	15	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	125	80	45	0	0	0
Burkinabe	50	35	20	0	0	0
Cameroonian	415	225	190	0	0	0
Chadian	35	10	30	0	0	0
Congolese	435	205	230	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	10	10	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	20	0	10	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	20	10	0	10	10	10
Guinean	295	150	150	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	155	85	70	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	45	20	25	0	0	0
Malinké	30	25	10	0	0	0
Nigerian	20	0	10	15	10	10
Peulh	130	65	65	0	0	0
Senegalese	220	125	100	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	125	75	50	0	0	0
Wolof	15	10	10	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	10	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	60	25	35	30	20	10
North African origins	5,265	2,660	2,605	35	15	20
Algerian	1,090	545	545	0	0	0
Berber	470	220	255	10	10	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	1,040	555	480	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maure	10	0	10	20	0	15
Moroccan	2,275	1,125	1,155	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	10	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	455	240	210	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	55	25	25	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	590	255	330	125	60	65
Afrikaner	10	10	10	0	0	10
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	35	15	20	0	0	0
Burundian	130	60	70	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	10	10	0	15	10	10
Malagasy	155	75	80	0	0	0
Mauritian	75	25	50	10	10	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	90	30	55	0	0	0
Seychellois	15	10	10	15	10	0
Somali	10	10	0	15	15	10
South African	10	0	0	60	20	35
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	15	10	10	0	10	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	35	15	25	10	0	10
Other African origins	1,230	600	630	135	60	75
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	120	65	55	0	0	10
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	1,130	555	575	130	55	75
Asian origins	12,465	5,930	6,530	2,855	1,260	1,595
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	6,335	3,230	3,110	195	110	85
Afghan	115	60	60	0	10	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	1,045	540	500	15	10	10
Armenian	725	355	365	25	15	15
Assyrian	15	10	10	10	0	0
Azerbaijani	20	10	0	0	0	0
Georgian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	325	190	130	20	10	10
Iraqi	10	0	10	10	0	0
Israeli	155	85	70	0	0	0
Jordanian	30	20	10	0	0	0
Kazakh	30	10	20	0	0	0
Kurd	30	15	15	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	10	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	2,790	1,435	1,355	60	45	15
Palestinian	45	20	25	0	0	0
Pashtun	25	15	10	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	860	405	445	0	0	10
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	30	15	15	10	0	0
Turk	505	250	260	30	15	15
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	25	10	15	20	10	10
Yemeni	25	10	10	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	90	50	35	0	0	10
South Asian origins	955	485	470	460	265	200
Bangladeshi	20	10	15	30	15	0
Bengali	0	0	10	0	0	0
Bhutanese	40	30	20	0	0	0
East Indian	590	285	305	315	160	160
Goan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	10	0	0	40	40	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	65	30	35	0	10	0
Pakistani	105	65	35	60	25	30
Punjabi	15	10	10	0	0	0
Sinhalese	15	10	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	80	35	45	20	20	10
Tamil	10	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	20	15	0	0	10	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	5,190	2,215	2,975	2,180	890	1,285
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	850	405	440	0	0	0
Chinese	2,430	920	1,515	625	240	380
Filipino	405	125	280	1,330	550	780
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	70	30	40	20	0	15
Japanese	195	115	80	95	50	45
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	185	100	85	80	25	55
Laotian	665	330	335	0	0	0
Malaysian	10	10	0	45	10	40
Mongolian	70	40	25	10	10	10
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	60	35	25	0	0	0
Thai	230	95	135	25	10	15
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	930	440	490	85	50	40
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	10	0	0
Other Asian origins	50	30	25	25	0	25
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	50	30	25	25	0	25
Oceania origins	190	80	110	170	80	90
Australian	85	40	50	80	35	50
New Zealander	45	15	30	65	30	35
Pacific Islands origins	65	30	40	35	25	10
Fijian	10	0	10	0	0	10
Hawaiian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Maori	10	0	10	20	20	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	35	15	20	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	10	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	249,080	...	...	15,215	...	...
Owner	178,570	...	...	9,680	...	...
Renter	70,510	...	...	5,005	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	530	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	249,080	...	...	15,215	...	...
Condominium	21,725	...	...	1,495	...	...
Not condominium	227,360	...	...	13,720	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	249,080	...	...	15,215	...	...
No bedrooms	540	...	...	125	...	...
1 bedroom	27,780	...	...	2,515	...	...
2 bedrooms	78,630	...	...	4,290	...	...
3 bedrooms	89,700	...	...	5,065	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	52,440	...	...	3,215	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	249,080	...	...	15,215	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	70,510	...	...	5,160	...	...
5 rooms	41,840	...	...	2,675	...	...
6 rooms	33,140	...	...	2,340	...	...
7 rooms	32,880	...	...	1,755	...	...
8 or more rooms	70,710	...	...	3,285	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	249,085	...	...	15,215	...	...
One person or fewer per room	248,105	...	...	14,970	...	...
More than 1 person per room	980	...	...	245	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	249,085	...	...	15,215	...	...
Suitable	243,390	...	...	14,490	...	...
Not suitable	5,695	...	...	725	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	249,080	...	...	15,215	...	...
1960 or before	36,985	...	...	1,315	...	...
1961 to 1980	66,435	...	...	4,625	...	...
1981 to 1990	37,930	...	...	2,330	...	...
1991 to 2000	36,920	...	...	2,625	...	...
2001 to 2005	22,785	...	...	1,045	...	...
2006 to 2010	26,775	...	...	1,435	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	21,260	...	...	1,840	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	249,080	...	...	15,215	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	235,195	...	...	13,315	...	...
Major repairs needed	13,885	...	...	1,900	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	249,085	...	...	15,215	...	...
1 household maintainer	149,540	...	...	9,070	...	...
2 household maintainers	96,975	...	...	5,690	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	2,560	...	...	460	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	249,080	...	...	15,215	...	...
15 to 24 years	6,305	...	...	420	...	...
25 to 34 years	30,845	...	...	2,390	...	...
35 to 44 years	41,925	...	...	2,810	...	...
45 to 54 years	52,960	...	...	3,275	...	...
55 to 64 years	55,175	...	...	3,605	...	...
65 to 74 years	40,055	...	...	1,875	...	...
75 to 84 years	17,620	...	...	680	...	...
85 years and over	4,195	...	...	155	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	247,990	...	...	14,550	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	197,400	...	...	11,865	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	50,590	...	...	2,680	...	...
30% to less than 100%	46,075	...	...	2,345	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	177,725	...	...	9,590	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	67.0	...	...	59.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	13.9	...	...	12.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,051	...	...	1,239	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,101	...	...	1,325	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	250,310	...	...	358,721	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	280,498	...	...	371,716	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	70,470	...	...	5,005	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	6.7	...	...	25.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	36.8	...	...	29.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	741	...	...	967	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	783	...	...	1,038	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	479,010	236,375	242,635	28,875	14,310	14,565
No certificate, diploma or degree	100,725	53,530	47,195	4,715	2,635	2,080
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	109,800	51,535	58,265	6,835	3,325	3,505
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	268,485	131,305	137,180	17,335	8,350	8,985
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	95,760	57,750	38,010	3,145	2,450	695
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	68,605	35,825	32,780	1,230	785	445
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	27,155	21,925	5,230	1,915	1,665	255
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	84,610	35,910	48,695	6,120	2,520	3,600
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	17,730	7,020	10,705	825	320	500
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	70,390	30,620	39,765	7,250	3,060	4,195
Bachelor's degree	49,810	20,975	28,840	4,790	1,955	2,835
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	6,270	2,675	3,595	435	175	260
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,875	935	935	190	115	75
Master's degree	10,910	5,165	5,745	1,695	745	955
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	1,520	870	650	135	65	70
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	318,370	156,730	161,640	21,030	10,190	10,845
No certificate, diploma or degree	47,245	27,060	20,180	2,255	1,400	855
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	64,225	30,570	33,655	4,400	2,065	2,340
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	206,900	99,095	107,805	14,375	6,730	7,650
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	74,960	44,170	30,790	2,400	1,875	520
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	54,305	27,420	26,885	885	560	325
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	20,650	16,745	3,910	1,510	1,320	190
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	62,580	26,745	35,835	4,975	2,020	2,955
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	12,730	5,075	7,655	665	250	410
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	56,635	23,110	33,520	6,340	2,575	3,765
Bachelor's degree	40,700	16,415	24,280	4,190	1,660	2,530
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	4,740	1,745	3,000	380	140	235
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,425	565	865	165	90	75
Master's degree	8,640	3,830	4,815	1,500	625	870
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	1,125	570	560	110	55	60
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	479,010	236,370	242,640	28,880	14,315	14,565
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	210,530	105,070	105,455	11,545	5,960	5,585
Education	20,465	4,745	15,720	1,545	505	1,040
13. Education	20,465	4,750	15,720	1,545	505	1,040
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	9,395	4,000	5,395	525	215	305
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,575	1,095	475	60	50	10
50. Visual and performing arts	7,820	2,900	4,915	465	170	295
Humanities	12,905	4,890	8,010	840	375	470
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	1,645	295	1,355	90	15	70
23. English language and literature/letters	365	120	240	215	100	115
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	7,625	3,055	4,575	230	95	135
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	25	10	15	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	450	270	180	70	45	20
39. Theology and religious vocations	590	325	265	95	70	25
54. History	755	445	310	120	40	80
55. French language and literature/letters	1,445	370	1,070	20	0	20
Social and behavioural sciences and law	20,845	5,590	15,255	2,095	705	1,390
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	145	30	120	60	10	60
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,315	655	1,665	170	45	125
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	5,545	340	5,200	400	30	365
22. Legal professions and studies	3,730	1,345	2,385	290	140	150
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	540	75	465	45	10	35
42. Psychology	3,560	765	2,790	285	80	200
45. Social sciences	5,015	2,380	2,635	845	395	455
Business, management and public administration	60,855	21,275	39,585	3,310	960	2,350
30.16 Accounting and computer science	65	15	55	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	2,965	575	2,385	525	125	395
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	57,830	20,685	37,150	2,785	835	1,955
Physical and life sciences and technologies	7,575	4,050	3,520	690	360	330
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	2,305	925	1,380	380	195	190
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,445	890	555	95	45	50
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	1,620	725	900	10	0	10
40. Physical sciences	1,790	1,345	440	185	100	80
41. Science technologies/technicians	415	175	245	30	20	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	8,380	5,520	2,860	405	200	200
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	7,000	5,010	1,995	285	170	120
25. Library science	720	80	640	45	0	40
27. Mathematics and statistics	550	345	205	70	25	45
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	110	90	20	10	10	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	61,935	57,405	4,530	3,575	3,250	325
04. Architecture and related services	1,625	975	645	90	70	25
14. Engineering	6,995	6,050	945	470	365	100
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	11,700	10,350	1,355	520	455	65
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	10	0	10	0	10
46. Construction trades	16,205	15,740	465	1,210	1,150	55
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	15,615	14,980	640	990	955	40
48. Precision production	9,795	9,310	485	280	255	20
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	5,195	3,105	2,090	815	465	355
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	3,225	1,555	1,670	125	70	55
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,970	1,555	425	695	395	300
Health and related fields	33,745	5,845	27,905	2,200	515	1,690
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	2,390	1,240	1,150	215	90	125
51. Health professions and related programs	31,005	4,390	26,615	1,945	405	1,545
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	350	215	135	40	25	15
Personal, protective and transportation services	27,145	14,860	12,285	1,330	800	525
12. Personal and culinary services	13,245	3,275	9,965	640	215	425
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	100	85	10	10	0	0
43. Security and protective services	6,210	4,715	1,490	225	160	70
49. Transportation and materials moving	7,600	6,780	820	455	420	35
Other	30	10	20	0	10	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	30	15	20	10	10	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	318,370	156,730	161,640	21,030	10,190	10,845
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	111,470	57,630	53,835	6,655	3,460	3,195
Education	14,055	2,790	11,265	1,245	380	860
13. Education	14,055	2,795	11,260	1,250	385	865
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	7,200	2,930	4,265	480	200	275
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,235	830	405	55	50	10
50. Visual and performing arts	5,960	2,100	3,865	425	150	270
Humanities	8,055	2,865	5,190	675	300	380
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	1,185	175	1,015	70	20	55
23. English language and literature/letters	250	90	155	190	90	100
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	4,545	1,825	2,720	165	65	100
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	15	10	10	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	240	140	105	55	35	20
39. Theology and religious vocations	290	150	140	85	70	15
54. History	495	265	235	95	25	70
55. French language and literature/letters	1,020	205	810	20	0	15
Social and behavioural sciences and law	16,805	4,180	12,625	1,845	620	1,225
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	125	10	110	55	10	45
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,860	520	1,340	150	40	110
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	4,530	195	4,330	320	20	300
22. Legal professions and studies	2,985	950	2,040	280	130	145
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	320	65	255	40	10	35
42. Psychology	2,940	575	2,365	245	70	175
45. Social sciences	4,045	1,865	2,185	755	340	415
Business, management and public administration	48,385	16,095	32,290	2,750	750	1,995
30.16 Accounting and computer science	55	10	40	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	2,400	415	1,985	430	95	340
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	45,935	15,675	30,265	2,315	655	1,660
Physical and life sciences and technologies	4,800	2,580	2,225	615	310	310
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,925	735	1,190	330	165	165
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	900	540	365	85	40	45
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	330	185	145	10	0	10
40. Physical sciences	1,345	995	350	165	85	80
41. Science technologies/technicians	300	125	175	30	20	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	7,220	4,765	2,450	335	165	170
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	6,205	4,430	1,775	265	150	115
25. Library science	585	70	510	35	10	25
27. Mathematics and statistics	385	235	150	30	0	25
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	50	35	15	10	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	48,000	44,005	3,995	2,815	2,525	285
04. Architecture and related services	1,395	810	585	75	55	25
14. Engineering	5,850	4,975	880	385	295	85
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	9,125	7,955	1,175	415	360	60
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	10	0	10	0	15
46. Construction trades	12,115	11,715	405	1,000	940	55
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	12,015	11,495	520	735	695	35
48. Precision production	7,490	7,050	435	190	175	15
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	4,265	2,500	1,765	735	405	330
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	2,600	1,200	1,400	115	60	55
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,665	1,305	365	625	350	280
Health and related fields	26,330	4,460	21,875	1,840	435	1,400
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	1,900	955	950	185	75	115
51. Health professions and related programs	24,180	3,385	20,800	1,620	350	1,275
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	250	125	130	30	15	15
Personal, protective and transportation services	21,765	11,910	9,850	1,040	625	415
12. Personal and culinary services	10,305	2,385	7,915	510	175	330
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	10	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	65	50	10	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	4,955	3,730	1,225	180	125	55
49. Transportation and materials moving	6,440	5,740	705	345	320	25
Other	25	15	15	10	10	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	25	10	15	10	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	479,010	236,370	242,640	28,880	14,315	14,565
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	210,525	105,070	105,460	11,545	5,960	5,585
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	268,485	131,305	137,180	17,335	8,350	8,985
Location of study inside Canada	258,180	125,700	132,475	14,515	6,955	7,560
Same as province or territory of residence	251,560	122,050	129,505	3,915	1,885	2,030
Different than province or territory of residence	6,625	3,655	2,970	10,600	5,065	5,535
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	10,300	5,600	4,705	2,815	1,400	1,425
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	1,100	700	395	635	345	285
Philippines	95	10	85	570	210	360
India	10	10	0	105	65	40
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	415	235	180	265	115	150
China^{Census data footnote 162}	190	85	105	40	15	20
France	3,200	1,880	1,320	65	35	25
Other	5,295	2,680	2,610	1,145	610	535
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	318,375	156,730	161,640	21,035	10,190	10,845
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	111,470	57,630	53,840	6,655	3,460	3,195
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	206,905	99,100	107,805	14,380	6,730	7,650
Location of study inside Canada	199,035	95,095	103,935	12,045	5,585	6,465
Same as province or territory of residence	194,355	92,645	101,705	3,120	1,450	1,665
Different than province or territory of residence	4,675	2,445	2,225	8,925	4,130	4,795
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	7,870	4,005	3,870	2,335	1,145	1,185
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	685	405	285	460	245	215
Philippines	90	10	80	550	205	340
India	0	10	0	85	55	30
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	235	120	120	185	90	90
China^{Census data footnote 162}	185	80	105	25	10	20
France	2,400	1,340	1,065	55	30	20
Other	4,270	2,055	2,215	975	505	470
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	479,010	236,375	242,640	28,880	14,315	14,565
In the labour force	312,945	162,090	150,855	21,795	11,005	10,795
Employed	291,910	149,895	142,015	19,790	9,765	10,025
Unemployed	21,035	12,195	8,840	2,010	1,240	765
Not in the labour force	166,065	74,280	91,785	7,085	3,310	3,775
Participation rate	65.3	68.6	62.2	75.5	76.9	74.1
Employment rate	60.9	63.4	58.5	68.5	68.2	68.8
Unemployment rate	6.7	7.5	5.9	9.2	11.3	7.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	479,010	236,375	242,640	28,880	14,310	14,570
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	154,075	68,075	85,995	5,980	2,790	3,190
Worked	324,940	168,300	156,640	22,900	11,525	11,375
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	150,920	82,425	68,495	10,865	5,465	5,405
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	174,015	85,870	88,150	12,030	6,060	5,975
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.7	42.7	42.6	41.1	40.3	41.9
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	312,945	162,090	150,855	21,800	11,005	10,790
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	6,235	3,290	2,945	395	220	175
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	306,710	158,800	147,910	21,405	10,785	10,615
Employee	263,710	132,495	131,220	18,810	9,165	9,645
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	43,000	26,305	16,695	2,595	1,620	975
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	312,945	162,095	150,855	21,795	11,005	10,795
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	6,235	3,290	2,945	395	220	175
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	306,710	158,800	147,910	21,405	10,790	10,615
0 Management occupations	32,935	21,115	11,815	2,460	1,325	1,135
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	47,665	13,130	34,540	3,465	740	2,725
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	17,825	13,820	4,005	1,385	1,055	330
3 Health occupations	20,730	3,320	17,410	1,230	255	970
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	34,875	9,485	25,390	3,625	1,280	2,345
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	8,000	3,495	4,510	790	345	450
6 Sales and service occupations	74,520	32,085	42,435	3,955	1,660	2,300
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	51,250	48,045	3,200	3,650	3,400	250
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	4,755	3,975	780	505	450	50
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	14,160	10,325	3,835	350	285	60
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	312,950	162,090	150,855	21,795	11,005	10,790
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	6,235	3,290	2,945	395	220	175
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	306,710	158,800	147,910	21,405	10,785	10,620
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	4,685	3,190	1,500	245	190	55
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	780	680	100	505	440	70
22 Utilities	2,350	1,635	705	160	115	50
23 Construction	27,460	23,665	3,795	2,055	1,810	240
31-33 Manufacturing	34,420	24,800	9,620	335	230	105
41 Wholesale trade	12,715	8,585	4,130	325	240	85
44-45 Retail trade	42,420	19,935	22,485	1,975	1,015	960
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	15,665	11,150	4,520	1,060	765	300
51 Information and cultural industries	5,590	3,295	2,300	535	300	235
52 Finance and insurance	9,085	3,380	5,705	305	95	210
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	4,855	2,715	2,145	195	105	90
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	18,760	9,545	9,215	1,295	645	645
55 Management of companies and enterprises	160	65	100	20	10	15
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	13,285	8,095	5,190	565	330	235
61 Educational services	20,685	5,600	15,085	1,630	520	1,115
62 Health care and social assistance	37,405	5,840	31,565	2,070	400	1,670
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	7,315	3,915	3,400	600	285	310
72 Accommodation and food services	19,955	7,820	12,140	1,545	605	940
81 Other services (except public administration)	13,740	6,445	7,295	775	415	355
91 Public administration	15,370	8,440	6,920	5,205	2,280	2,925
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	291,910	149,895	142,015	19,790	9,765	10,025
Worked at home	21,990	10,645	11,345	1,420	770	655
Worked outside Canada	600	470	130	25	10	20
No fixed workplace address	32,930	25,620	7,305	2,330	1,795	540
Worked at usual place	236,395	113,160	123,235	16,010	7,200	8,815
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	236,395	113,160	123,235	16,010	7,195	8,815
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	57,225	24,980	32,250	13,510	6,025	7,485
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	39,605	16,170	23,435	2,265	1,040	1,225
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	137,595	71,010	66,590	0	0	0
Commute to a different province or territory	1,970	1,005	965	235	135	100
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	269,325	138,780	130,545	18,340	8,990	9,350
Car, truck, van - as a driver	233,415	122,195	111,220	13,990	7,130	6,860
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	9,350	3,765	5,585	1,095	385	710
Public transit	13,855	6,490	7,370	720	315	405
Walked	8,815	3,885	4,935	1,735	645	1,090
Bicycle	1,435	1,025	410	470	285	190
Other method	2,450	1,425	1,025	320	225	90
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	269,325	138,785	130,545	18,340	8,985	9,355
Less than 15 minutes	69,395	31,035	38,355	9,735	4,695	5,040
15 to 29 minutes	81,445	39,020	42,425	6,195	3,045	3,150
30 to 44 minutes	55,635	31,335	24,300	1,400	625	770
45 to 59 minutes	28,155	16,750	11,410	465	215	245
60 minutes and over	34,695	20,640	14,050	550	405	150
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	269,325	138,780	130,540	18,340	8,990	9,355
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	30,030	23,080	6,950	520	335	180
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	53,720	32,600	21,120	1,930	1,150	780
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	72,925	32,005	40,920	6,185	3,220	2,965
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	45,190	16,955	28,235	5,785	2,450	3,335
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	25,265	9,715	15,550	1,905	805	1,100
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	42,200	24,435	17,765	2,015	1,020	990
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	333,580	172,450	161,130	23,495	11,810	11,685
Single responses	314,195	161,780	152,415	23,325	11,735	11,595
Official languages	313,560	161,415	152,140	23,230	11,695	11,540
English	19,860	11,650	8,210	22,970	11,600	11,370
French	293,695	149,765	143,930	260	95	165
Non-official languages	640	365	270	95	35	55
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	25	10	15
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	20	10	15
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	10	10
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	640	365	270	70	30	40
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	15	0	10	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	10	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	580	335	240	25	10	15
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	30	15	15	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	30	15	15	10	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	20	10	10	10	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	330	160	170	20	10	10
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	10	10	0	15	10	10
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	10	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	315	150	165	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	10	0	10	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	15	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	10	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	10	0	10	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	10	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	200	150	50	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	15	0	15	0	0	0
Spanish	185	145	35	0	0	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	10	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	15	0	10	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	10	0	10	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	15	0	25	15	15
Chinese languages	15	15	10	25	15	15
Cantonese	0	0	0	20	15	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	15	10	10	10	0	10
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	10	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	10	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	19,385	10,670	8,715	165	75	90
English and French	18,795	10,380	8,415	75	35	40
English and non-official language	100	45	55	80	35	45
French and non-official language	200	100	100	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	285	145	140	10	0	10
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	333,580	172,455	161,130	23,495	11,810	11,685
None	225,210	113,700	111,510	21,950	11,185	10,765
English	92,200	49,470	42,730	210	80	130
French	14,390	8,370	6,020	825	330	500
Non-official language	1,075	575	495	475	205	275
Aboriginal	20	10	20	175	70	105
Non-Aboriginal	1,050	565	485	305	135	170
English and French	15	0	20	0	0	0
English and non-official language	515	240	270	0	0	0
French and non-official language	170	90	80	20	10	15
English, French and non-official language	10	10	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	571,915	284,005	287,910	34,705	17,450	17,250
Non-movers	508,195	253,190	255,005	28,875	14,450	14,430
Movers	63,715	30,810	32,900	5,825	3,005	2,825
Non-migrants	24,800	11,790	13,015	3,635	1,895	1,740
Migrants	38,915	19,025	19,885	2,190	1,110	1,085
Internal migrants	37,830	18,465	19,365	1,945	990	955
Intraprovincial migrants	37,080	18,030	19,050	545	265	285
Interprovincial migrants	755	430	320	1,400	725	670
External migrants	1,080	565	520	250	115	130
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	546,545	270,965	275,575	32,990	16,505	16,480
Non-movers	348,330	174,610	173,720	18,040	9,060	8,980
Movers	198,215	96,360	101,860	14,945	7,450	7,495
Non-migrants	75,365	36,365	39,005	8,245	4,195	4,050
Migrants	122,850	59,990	62,855	6,700	3,260	3,445
Internal migrants	118,840	58,025	60,820	5,515	2,675	2,830
Intraprovincial migrants	116,610	56,915	59,700	1,235	590	640
Interprovincial migrants	2,230	1,110	1,125	4,285	2,090	2,195
External migrants	4,010	1,970	2,040	1,190	575	615

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 179 referrer

Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 180 referrer

Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 181 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Laurentides [Economic region], Quebec and Yukon [Territory] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 10, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Laurentides [Economic region], Quebec and Yukon [Territory]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Laurentides [Economic region], Quebec and Yukon [Territory]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Laurentides [Economic region], Quebec and Yukon [Territory]