Census Profile, 2016 Census
Outaouais [Economic region], Quebec and Manitoba [Province]

Feedback

Charts (using rates) Download Hierarchies

The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Outaouais Quebec [Economic region]			Manitoba [Province]
	Data quality , Outaouais [Economic region], Quebec Map : Outaouais [Economic region], Quebec Change geography 1			Data quality : Manitoba [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	382,604	...	...	1,278,365	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	369,171	...	...	1,208,268	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	3.6	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	190,236	...	...	539,748	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	163,137	...	...	489,050	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	12.4	...	...	2.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	30,808.69	...	...	552,370.99	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	382,600	188,195	194,410	1,278,365	631,400	646,970
0 to 14 years	67,905	34,730	33,170	243,820	125,110	118,710
0 to 4 years	22,650	11,535	11,115	81,065	41,710	39,355
5 to 9 years	23,930	12,210	11,720	83,375	42,565	40,805
10 to 14 years	21,325	10,985	10,345	79,380	40,835	38,545
15 to 64 years	256,390	126,595	129,790	835,580	417,260	418,320
15 to 19 years	21,170	10,820	10,355	82,440	42,555	39,890
20 to 24 years	23,210	11,650	11,555	86,760	44,465	42,295
25 to 29 years	23,020	11,395	11,620	86,695	43,570	43,125
30 to 34 years	24,375	11,835	12,545	85,185	42,210	42,975
35 to 39 years	25,565	12,450	13,110	81,105	39,885	41,215
40 to 44 years	25,175	12,500	12,680	79,325	39,530	39,795
45 to 49 years	26,145	12,840	13,305	79,350	39,220	40,130
50 to 54 years	31,110	15,350	15,760	89,840	44,485	45,355
55 to 59 years	30,875	15,000	15,870	87,765	43,555	44,210
60 to 64 years	25,745	12,750	12,995	77,110	37,780	39,325
65 years and over	58,315	26,865	31,445	198,965	89,025	109,945
65 to 69 years	21,110	10,380	10,730	64,905	31,280	33,625
70 to 74 years	15,110	7,370	7,740	45,980	21,940	24,040
75 to 79 years	9,740	4,475	5,265	33,555	15,250	18,305
80 to 84 years	6,435	2,730	3,705	25,315	10,740	14,575
85 years and over	5,920	1,915	4,005	29,210	9,810	19,395
85 to 89 years	3,910	1,390	2,520	17,335	6,460	10,875
90 to 94 years	1,575	440	1,140	8,945	2,710	6,230
95 to 99 years	365	75	300	2,520	580	1,940
100 years and over	60	10	50	415	60	350
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.7	18.5	17.1	19.1	19.8	18.3
15 to 64 years	67.0	67.3	66.8	65.4	66.1	64.7
65 years and over	15.2	14.3	16.2	15.6	14.1	17.0
85 years and over	1.5	1.0	2.1	2.3	1.6	3.0
Average age of the population	40.3	39.6	41.1	39.2	38.2	40.2
Median age of the population	41.2	40.5	41.9	38.3	37.2	39.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	163,140	...	...	489,050	...	...
Single-detached house	84,075	...	...	331,420	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	6,530	...	...	39,080	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	72,105	...	...	108,120	...	...
Semi-detached house	18,620	...	...	15,865	...	...
Row house	8,150	...	...	17,225	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	8,720	...	...	7,065	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	36,200	...	...	67,205	...	...
Other single-attached house	425	...	...	755	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	425	...	...	10,435	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	163,140	...	...	489,050	...	...
1 person	50,380	...	...	135,500	...	...
2 persons	57,295	...	...	164,880	...	...
3 persons	24,530	...	...	71,065	...	...
4 persons	20,695	...	...	66,675	...	...
5 or more persons	10,240	...	...	50,930	...	...
Number of persons in private households	376,905	...	...	1,240,700	...	...
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	314,700	153,465	161,235	1,034,545	506,280	528,260
Married or living common law	179,220	89,520	89,695	593,615	297,280	296,335
Married	116,555	58,205	58,355	503,390	252,210	251,175
Living common law	62,655	31,315	31,345	90,230	45,075	45,155
Not married and not living common law	135,485	63,945	71,540	440,925	209,000	231,930
Never married	90,650	48,230	42,420	300,415	162,440	137,980
Separated	6,055	2,735	3,325	24,845	11,080	13,765
Divorced	22,675	9,305	13,370	54,860	22,780	32,080
Widowed	16,100	3,680	12,425	60,805	12,700	48,100
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	108,555	...	...	346,160	...	...
2 persons	57,105	...	...	171,435	...	...
3 persons	23,485	...	...	71,630	...	...
4 persons	19,725	...	...	65,500	...	...
5 or more persons	8,240	...	...	37,600	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	108,560	...	...	346,160	...	...
Total couple families	88,020	...	...	287,200	...	...
Married couples	56,705	...	...	242,100	...	...
Common-law couples	31,325	...	...	45,100	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	20,535	...	...	58,960	...	...
Female parent	15,205	...	...	45,930	...	...
Male parent	5,330	...	...	13,025	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	88,025	...	...	287,205	...	...
Couples without children	44,400	...	...	137,135	...	...
Couples with children	43,625	...	...	150,070	...	...
1 child	17,455	...	...	55,730	...	...
2 children	18,295	...	...	59,965	...	...
3 or more children	7,875	...	...	34,375	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	20,535	...	...	58,960	...	...
1 child	12,710	...	...	34,305	...	...
2 children	6,025	...	...	15,895	...	...
3 or more children	1,800	...	...	8,765	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	69,380	33,960	35,415	212,415	104,435	107,980
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	163,135	...	...	489,050	...	...
One-census-family households	105,335	...	...	323,125	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	43,070	...	...	130,475	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	62,265	...	...	192,650	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	1,595	...	...	11,110	...	...
Non-census-family households	56,205	...	...	154,815	...	...
One-person households	50,375	...	...	135,495	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	5,830	...	...	19,315	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	379,035	186,855	192,175	1,261,620	624,095	637,520
English only	32,870	17,415	15,455	1,135,395	566,980	568,410
French only	113,235	51,610	61,625	1,485	680	800
English and French	231,100	117,010	114,090	108,460	49,205	59,255
Neither English nor French	1,830	820	1,010	16,285	7,235	9,050
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	379,030	186,860	192,175	1,261,620	624,100	637,520
English	65,960	33,585	32,380	1,203,025	596,475	606,550
French	301,475	147,580	153,900	39,200	18,880	20,325
English and French	9,845	4,920	4,930	3,545	1,755	1,790
Neither English nor French	1,750	780	975	15,840	6,985	8,860
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	70,885	36,040	34,840	40,975	19,760	21,215
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	18.7	19.3	18.1	3.2	3.2	3.3
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	379,030	186,860	192,175	1,261,620	624,095	637,520
Single responses	369,070	181,920	187,150	1,230,115	608,820	621,300
Official languages	337,655	166,580	171,075	941,130	468,430	472,705
English	53,770	27,455	26,315	900,610	448,960	451,645
French	283,885	139,125	144,760	40,520	19,465	21,055
Non-official languages	31,415	15,335	16,080	288,985	140,395	148,590
Aboriginal languages	620	280	340	29,710	14,265	15,440
Algonquian languages	585	260	315	28,070	13,505	14,565
Blackfoot	0	0	0	5	0	5
Cree-Montagnais languages	295	135	155	14,820	7,085	7,740
Atikamekw	10	5	5	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	5	5	0	5	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	5
Naskapi	5	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	35	15	25	30	5	20
Plains Cree	0	5	0	70	25	40
Southern East Cree	5	0	5	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	745	305	440
Woods Cree	5	5	5	65	20	40
Cree, n.o.s.	220	110	115	13,915	6,725	7,195
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	0	0	10	5	5
Malecite	0	0	0	0	5	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	10	5	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	285	125	160	13,235	6,410	6,825
Algonquin	280	125	160	0	0	0
Ojibway	5	0	0	6,730	3,180	3,550
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	6,505	3,235	3,265
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	5	0	5	815	375	445
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	5	815	380	440
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	810	375	435
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	30	10	15	80	20	60
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Inuktitut	25	15	15	65	20	45
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	10
Iroquoian languages	5	0	5	0	0	5
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	5	0	5	5	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	80	40	40
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	5
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	630	305	330
Dakota	0	0	0	630	305	325
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	5	5	5	15	10	5
Non-Aboriginal languages	30,790	15,055	15,735	259,280	126,130	133,155
Afro-Asiatic languages	7,915	4,160	3,760	10,700	5,580	5,120
Berber languages	550	310	240	40	25	15
Kabyle	365	200	165	35	15	10
Berber languages, n.i.e.	185	110	70	10	10	5
Cushitic languages	285	140	150	1,750	875	875
Bilen	0	0	0	155	85	70
Oromo	10	5	5	345	175	170
Somali	275	135	140	1,245	610	640
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	10	10	0
Semitic languages	7,060	3,690	3,365	8,840	4,640	4,200
Amharic	60	25	35	1,770	885	885
Arabic	6,930	3,630	3,305	4,695	2,500	2,190
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15	10	5	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	15	15	5	545	320	225
Maltese	0	0	0	40	20	25
Tigrigna	35	20	15	1,770	905	865
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	65	35	30
Austro-Asiatic languages	620	300	320	4,180	1,970	2,205
Khmer (Cambodian)	210	100	115	280	135	145
Vietnamese	405	195	205	3,895	1,840	2,060
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5	0	0	5	0	0
Austronesian languages	355	90	265	52,905	24,685	28,220
Bikol	5	0	0	175	80	95
Cebuano	20	5	15	1,245	565	675
Fijian	0	0	0	35	15	15
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	390	170	220
Ilocano	10	5	5	1,365	630	730
Malagasy	55	25	30	0	0	5
Malay	35	5	30	175	65	105
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	655	315	340
Pangasinan	0	0	0	135	65	70
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	220	45	175	48,530	22,670	25,855
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	50	30	25
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	150	70	85
Creole languages	1,230	555	675	570	275	305
Haitian Creole	125	60	65	20	10	10
Creole, n.o.s.	1,085	490	595	290	140	145
Creole languages, n.i.e.	20	5	15	265	120	145
Dravidian languages	55	30	20	1,565	825	735
Kannada	0	0	0	95	50	40
Malayalam	5	0	0	790	410	380
Tamil	45	25	15	480	255	230
Telugu	5	5	5	195	115	80
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	10	0	5
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Indo-European languages	14,730	7,115	7,610	158,350	77,605	80,750
Albanian	50	20	25	350	170	180
Armenian	60	25	30	65	35	30
Balto-Slavic languages	3,060	1,440	1,625	34,450	15,845	18,605
Baltic languages	30	15	15	165	65	95
Latvian	15	10	5	80	35	45
Lithuanian	15	10	5	85	35	45
Slavic languages	3,030	1,420	1,610	34,280	15,775	18,510
Belarusan	10	5	5	40	20	25
Bosnian	160	85	75	575	285	290
Bulgarian	225	110	115	140	70	65
Croatian	180	95	85	1,030	505	530
Czech	85	35	50	615	310	310
Macedonian	10	5	5	145	70	75
Polish	475	200	270	6,455	2,905	3,545
Russian	705	305	395	9,130	4,495	4,640
Serbian	580	305	275	655	335	320
Serbo-Croatian	370	185	190	240	110	130
Slovak	50	20	30	405	175	225
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	5	270	130	140
Ukrainian	165	65	100	14,505	6,325	8,180
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	75	40	30
Celtic languages	5	5	0	115	60	55
Scottish Gaelic	0	5	0	50	25	20
Welsh	5	5	0	60	30	30
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Germanic languages	1,065	465	595	68,670	33,310	35,360
Afrikaans	10	5	0	420	220	205
Danish	25	20	10	280	145	135
Dutch	230	105	125	2,675	1,335	1,335
Frisian	0	0	0	55	30	25
German	715	310	410	63,825	30,940	32,890
Icelandic	0	0	0	475	210	260
Norwegian	15	0	10	115	45	65
Swedish	25	10	15	135	70	70
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	10	15	310	125	180
Yiddish	5	0	0	355	175	180
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	25	10	10
Greek	165	100	65	1,285	665	615
Indo-Iranian languages	1,080	575	505	32,325	17,135	15,195
Indo-Aryan languages	370	205	170	29,520	15,700	13,820
Bengali	80	45	40	1,170	675	495
Gujarati	15	5	10	3,115	1,660	1,455
Hindi	55	25	25	2,270	1,215	1,060
Kashmiri	0	0	0	5	5	5
Konkani	5	5	0	35	20	15
Marathi	10	0	5	135	80	50
Nepali	5	5	0	720	355	365
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	10	5	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	70	35	30	18,320	9,650	8,670
Sindhi	0	0	0	60	30	30
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	5	5	670	345	320
Urdu	120	70	55	3,015	1,655	1,355
Iranian languages	700	370	330	2,705	1,365	1,335
Kurdish	80	50	30	415	210	200
Pashto	30	15	15	275	130	150
Persian (Farsi)	590	300	290	2,020	1,030	990
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	100	60	40
Italic (Romance) languages	9,245	4,485	4,760	21,100	10,385	10,710
Catalan	10	5	0	0	0	5
Italian	460	265	190	3,840	1,910	1,930
Portuguese	2,755	1,360	1,400	6,585	3,190	3,390
Romanian	1,065	515	545	645	310	335
Spanish	4,955	2,335	2,620	10,005	4,965	5,040
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	15	5	10
Japanese	115	35	80	540	185	350
Kartvelian languages	5	0	0	15	10	10
Georgian	0	0	0	15	5	5
Korean	135	50	85	3,760	1,810	1,950
Mongolic languages	5	5	5	20	5	15
Mongolian	0	5	0	20	5	15
Niger-Congo languages	3,150	1,560	1,595	3,895	1,965	1,930
Akan (Twi)	30	15	15	150	90	65
Bamanankan	70	35	35	75	25	45
Edo	10	5	5	40	20	15
Ewe	90	50	40	30	20	10
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	160	80	75	65	35	30
Ga	0	0	0	15	10	5
Ganda	15	5	10	50	20	30
Igbo	20	15	5	280	155	130
Lingala	190	95	95	75	30	40
Rundi (Kirundi)	660	315	345	135	60	65
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	500	225	280	250	125	120
Shona	10	0	5	110	50	60
Swahili	485	245	245	870	420	455
Wolof	200	100	100	75	50	25
Yoruba	30	15	15	1,030	525	505
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	695	365	330	640	315	325
Nilo-Saharan languages	35	15	15	395	215	180
Dinka	0	0	0	175	90	80
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	225	125	100
Sign languages	60	25	30	440	230	210
American Sign Language	10	5	10	240	125	115
Quebec Sign Language	25	10	15	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	25	15	10	195	100	95
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,865	860	1,010	18,880	9,320	9,565
Chinese languages	1,855	855	1,000	18,305	9,025	9,280
Cantonese	300	135	160	6,625	3,140	3,485
Hakka	0	0	0	55	30	25
Mandarin	1,395	645	750	10,170	5,110	5,060
Min Dong	0	0	0	5	5	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	55	20	30	325	150	165
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	5	5	110	55	50
Chinese, n.o.s.	90	45	45	1,010	530	475
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	5	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	5	5	575	295	285
Burmese	10	0	5	85	50	30
Karenic languages	0	0	0	430	215	220
Tibetan	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	55	20	35
Tai-Kadai languages	170	65	105	1,120	525	595
Lao	120	55	60	875	445	430
Thai	55	15	40	240	85	165
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	5	0	0
Turkic languages	125	65	60	340	190	150
Azerbaijani	0	5	0	30	20	15
Turkish	95	55	40	210	120	95
Uyghur	5	0	5	10	5	10
Uzbek	15	5	10	40	25	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	40	25	20
Uralic languages	180	100	80	1,440	655	790
Estonian	10	5	5	30	10	15
Finnish	25	10	10	225	85	135
Hungarian	150	85	65	1,185	550	635
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	50	25	30	155	85	70
Multiple responses	9,960	4,940	5,020	31,505	15,280	16,220
English and French	6,310	3,130	3,180	4,365	2,140	2,230
English and non-official language	830	405	420	25,965	12,530	13,440
French and non-official language	2,200	1,085	1,115	695	380	315
English, French and non-official language	625	315	300	470	230	245
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	379,030	186,860	192,170	1,261,620	624,100	637,520
Single responses	364,765	179,995	184,770	1,197,145	593,020	604,120
Official languages	348,835	172,235	176,600	1,052,345	521,280	531,065
English	64,470	33,025	31,450	1,035,475	513,465	522,010
French	284,360	139,210	145,155	16,865	7,815	9,055
Non-official languages	15,935	7,765	8,165	144,800	71,740	73,060
Aboriginal languages	265	125	140	15,770	8,020	7,750
Algonquian languages	260	120	145	15,070	7,675	7,390
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	190	95	100	7,570	3,860	3,715
Atikamekw	5	0	5	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	20	10	15	10	5	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	10	5	5
Southern East Cree	0	0	5	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	5	0	5	120	45	75
Woods Cree	0	0	0	15	10	5
Cree, n.o.s.	160	85	80	7,415	3,790	3,620
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	65	25	40	7,495	3,820	3,675
Algonquin	65	25	40	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	2,505	1,280	1,225
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	4,990	2,545	2,455
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	635	305	330
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	635	305	330
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	630	305	330
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	15	5	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	5	0	10	5	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	5	5	0	10	5	10
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	35	25	10
Dakota	0	0	0	35	25	10
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	15,670	7,640	8,025	129,035	63,725	65,310
Afro-Asiatic languages	4,295	2,155	2,140	6,875	3,475	3,400
Berber languages	250	135	120	20	15	5
Kabyle	200	105	95	15	10	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	50	25	25	0	5	5
Cushitic languages	145	70	75	1,185	550	630
Bilen	0	0	0	120	65	55
Oromo	0	0	0	210	95	115
Somali	140	70	75	845	385	460
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	10	0
Semitic languages	3,890	1,945	1,945	5,650	2,895	2,750
Amharic	25	5	20	1,045	520	525
Arabic	3,840	1,925	1,915	3,105	1,600	1,505
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	5	0	5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	15	5	5	355	195	160
Maltese	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tigrigna	10	5	5	1,135	580	555
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	25	15	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	375	185	190	2,900	1,370	1,530
Khmer (Cambodian)	125	70	60	125	55	70
Vietnamese	250	120	130	2,775	1,315	1,460
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	55	25	35	27,215	13,065	14,155
Bikol	0	0	0	30	15	15
Cebuano	0	0	0	495	250	245
Fijian	0	0	0	15	5	10
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	125	55	75
Ilocano	0	0	0	390	190	200
Malagasy	5	0	5	0	0	0
Malay	5	0	5	55	25	30
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	245	120	130
Pangasinan	0	0	0	30	15	15
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	15	20	25,790	12,375	13,420
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	10	5	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	30	15	15
Creole languages	395	170	225	290	120	165
Haitian Creole	60	25	35	10	5	5
Creole, n.o.s.	335	140	190	165	75	85
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	115	45	75
Dravidian languages	35	15	15	800	400	400
Kannada	0	0	0	45	25	25
Malayalam	0	0	0	405	195	205
Tamil	25	15	5	240	120	120
Telugu	5	0	0	110	60	50
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	7,935	3,850	4,090	70,820	35,325	35,495
Albanian	25	10	15	155	80	75
Armenian	45	20	25	20	10	5
Balto-Slavic languages	1,890	910	980	11,685	5,670	6,015
Baltic languages	0	0	5	25	10	15
Latvian	0	0	0	15	5	5
Lithuanian	0	0	5	10	5	5
Slavic languages	1,890	910	980	11,660	5,660	6,000
Belarusan	10	5	5	0	5	0
Bosnian	120	60	55	285	145	140
Bulgarian	160	75	90	65	30	30
Croatian	100	45	55	320	145	180
Czech	25	10	15	115	55	60
Macedonian	5	5	0	85	35	45
Polish	160	65	95	2,010	910	1,105
Russian	480	215	260	5,530	2,780	2,745
Serbian	480	255	225	335	170	170
Serbo-Croatian	265	140	130	90	40	50
Slovak	15	5	10	70	35	35
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	55	20	30
Ukrainian	65	30	35	2,690	1,285	1,405
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	10	5	5
Celtic languages	0	0	0	20	15	10
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	5	5	0
Welsh	0	0	0	10	5	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	165	70	90	25,825	12,700	13,125
Afrikaans	0	0	0	200	100	100
Danish	5	0	5	10	5	5
Dutch	25	10	15	270	135	130
Frisian	0	0	0	10	5	5
German	115	50	65	24,795	12,185	12,615
Icelandic	0	0	5	35	15	20
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Swedish	15	5	10	10	5	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	15	5	10
Yiddish	0	0	0	10	5	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	465	240	225
Greek	40	20	20	535	255	280
Indo-Iranian languages	600	300	295	22,810	11,920	10,890
Indo-Aryan languages	175	90	90	21,010	11,055	9,950
Bengali	35	20	15	690	390	305
Gujarati	5	5	0	2,100	1,095	1,005
Hindi	20	10	15	1,335	715	620
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	10	5	5
Marathi	5	5	0	40	25	20
Nepali	5	5	0	540	265	280
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	30	20	10	14,000	7,330	6,670
Sindhi	0	0	0	30	10	15
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	5	360	190	170
Urdu	65	35	30	1,895	1,035	860
Iranian languages	415	205	210	1,755	835	920
Kurdish	60	35	30	275	135	140
Pashto	10	10	5	165	70	95
Persian (Farsi)	335	160	170	1,315	635	685
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	50	25	20
Italic (Romance) languages	5,170	2,510	2,660	9,765	4,670	5,090
Catalan	0	5	0	0	0	0
Italian	60	40	25	1,035	450	590
Portuguese	1,160	565	600	2,800	1,305	1,500
Romanian	670	325	345	235	110	125
Spanish	3,275	1,585	1,690	5,695	2,810	2,885
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	50	15	30	175	75	105
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	10	5	0
Georgian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Korean	70	35	40	2,915	1,430	1,490
Mongolic languages	5	0	0	5	0	5
Mongolian	5	5	5	5	5	5
Niger-Congo languages	795	370	420	1,410	695	720
Akan (Twi)	5	0	0	45	30	20
Bamanankan	15	10	10	15	5	5
Edo	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ewe	10	5	5	5	5	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	35	15	15	35	15	15
Ga	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ganda	5	0	0	5	0	0
Igbo	0	0	5	75	40	35
Lingala	45	20	20	40	20	20
Rundi (Kirundi)	215	100	115	65	35	35
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	105	45	60	105	55	50
Shona	0	0	0	10	5	10
Swahili	180	85	95	500	240	265
Wolof	70	30	35	25	20	10
Yoruba	10	0	5	345	175	170
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	105	45	55	125	50	75
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	0	5	130	60	70
Dinka	0	0	0	80	35	45
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	55	30	25
Sign languages	80	45	35	560	310	255
American Sign Language	10	0	10	255	135	120
Quebec Sign Language	25	15	10	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	40	25	15	305	170	135
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,375	680	695	13,910	6,920	6,985
Chinese languages	1,370	675	695	13,445	6,685	6,765
Cantonese	150	75	75	4,455	2,105	2,350
Hakka	0	0	0	25	10	15
Mandarin	1,145	570	575	8,080	4,105	3,975
Min Dong	0	0	0	5	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	5	15	135	65	70
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	65	30	35
Chinese, n.o.s.	55	20	35	675	365	315
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	0	465	235	225
Burmese	5	0	0	55	30	25
Karenic languages	0	0	0	370	190	180
Tibetan	0	0	0	5	0	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	20
Tai-Kadai languages	70	30	40	535	250	280
Lao	60	30	30	430	210	220
Thai	10	0	5	105	40	65
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	65	30	35	135	70	65
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	10	5	10
Turkish	50	25	25	65	35	35
Uyghur	5	0	5	0	0	0
Uzbek	10	5	0	35	20	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	25	10	15
Uralic languages	50	25	25	305	140	165
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	5	5	0	35	15	15
Hungarian	45	25	25	270	125	145
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	40	25	20
Multiple responses	14,265	6,860	7,400	64,475	31,080	33,400
English and French	7,115	3,435	3,685	3,090	1,440	1,645
English and non-official language	1,765	865	900	60,090	28,995	31,090
French and non-official language	3,785	1,780	2,005	415	215	205
English, French and non-official language	1,595	780	810	885	420	455
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	379,035	186,860	192,170	1,261,615	624,095	637,520
None	295,565	145,725	149,845	1,079,050	535,990	543,065
English	47,465	23,435	24,030	76,350	37,795	38,550
French	21,460	10,620	10,835	20,200	9,130	11,075
Non-official language	11,090	5,375	5,715	83,315	39,860	43,455
Aboriginal	310	130	180	16,105	7,590	8,515
Non-Aboriginal	10,775	5,240	5,530	67,215	32,275	34,940
English and French	1,350	675	680	305	150	150
English and non-official language	1,330	655	670	1,610	815	790
French and non-official language	740	355	390	770	345	420
English, French and non-official language	30	20	15	20	5	10
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	309,065	151,385	157,685	1,001,305	491,590	509,715
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	297,515	145,645	151,870	954,035	467,790	486,250
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,195	40,371	34,172	34,188	40,379	29,220
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	297,610	145,650	151,960	954,205	467,820	486,390
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,519	34,809	30,304	30,465	35,150	26,561
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	264,810	131,850	132,965	859,545	431,145	428,400
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,056	38,731	31,386	32,592	39,229	26,692
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	221,450	101,525	119,925	701,840	309,530	392,310
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,164	5,887	7,986	4,268	1,890	5,434
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	217,940	110,945	107,000	722,785	374,850	347,935
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,727	38,078	33,313	33,677	39,365	28,679
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	309,055	151,375	157,680	1,001,305	491,580	509,725
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	297,445	145,480	151,960	953,960	467,575	486,385
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	44,868	48,842	41,064	43,767	51,068	36,747
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	297,530	145,495	152,040	954,175	467,605	486,565
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,612	39,298	34,041	35,957	41,013	31,097
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	264,850	131,810	133,040	859,575	431,035	428,540
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,267	47,915	38,662	42,776	50,803	34,704
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	221,045	101,210	119,830	701,830	308,940	392,890
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,536	7,807	9,151	7,099	6,411	7,640
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	217,935	110,745	107,185	722,785	374,535	348,250
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,044	46,332	39,646	42,551	49,417	35,168
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	309,050	151,375	157,680	1,001,310	491,580	509,725
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	104,790	54,880	49,905	350,580	201,335	149,245
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	54,947	57,280	52,539	50,026	54,580	44,818
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	59,659	63,144	55,827	59,523	65,410	51,581
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	85.9	88.9	82.4	88.0	91.7	83.1
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	70.3	72.2	68.2	73.6	77.4	68.6
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	14.1	11.1	17.6	12.0	8.3	16.9
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	309,065	151,380	157,680	1,001,310	491,585	509,720
Without total income	11,550	5,740	5,805	47,270	23,800	23,470
With total income	297,515	145,640	151,875	954,040	467,790	486,245
Percentage with total income	96.3	96.2	96.3	95.3	95.2	95.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	34,980	16,440	18,540	137,700	62,550	75,150
$10,000 to $19,999	48,975	20,905	28,070	150,320	58,320	91,995
$20,000 to $29,999	39,650	17,905	21,745	136,510	54,950	81,560
$30,000 to $39,999	34,965	16,900	18,060	123,685	55,805	67,885
$40,000 to $49,999	32,430	15,995	16,435	109,710	54,650	55,060
$50,000 to $59,999	27,660	13,815	13,850	80,625	45,170	35,460
$60,000 to $69,999	22,300	11,375	10,925	58,785	35,250	23,535
$70,000 to $79,999	16,680	8,590	8,090	43,365	26,465	16,895
$80,000 to $89,999	12,385	6,670	5,715	34,000	20,100	13,905
$90,000 to $99,999	8,605	4,795	3,810	21,980	13,545	8,440
$100,000 and over	18,885	12,255	6,630	57,355	40,985	16,370
$100,000 to $149,999	14,940	9,480	5,465	40,870	28,585	12,285
$150,000 and over	3,940	2,775	1,165	16,490	12,395	4,090
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	309,065	151,385	157,680	1,001,305	491,585	509,720
Without after-tax income	11,455	5,735	5,725	47,100	23,770	23,330
With after-tax income	297,610	145,650	151,960	954,205	467,820	486,390
Percentage with after-tax income	96.3	96.2	96.4	95.3	95.2	95.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	36,710	16,810	19,900	142,035	63,525	78,510
$10,000 to $19,999	51,540	22,325	29,220	161,865	63,410	98,460
$20,000 to $29,999	48,605	22,505	26,100	165,880	68,985	96,895
$30,000 to $39,999	46,425	22,890	23,530	153,680	73,335	80,350
$40,000 to $49,999	39,775	20,100	19,675	116,415	63,755	52,660
$50,000 to $59,999	28,710	14,630	14,080	78,105	46,940	31,160
$60,000 to $69,999	19,250	10,060	9,195	53,870	32,165	21,705
$70,000 to $79,999	11,695	6,650	5,050	31,690	19,680	12,010
$80,000 and over	14,885	9,685	5,200	50,655	36,025	14,630
$80,000 to $89,999	6,300	3,935	2,365	18,025	12,260	5,760
$90,000 to $99,999	3,155	2,025	1,135	10,325	7,305	3,015
$100,000 and over	5,430	3,725	1,710	22,305	16,460	5,850
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	309,070	151,385	157,685	1,001,305	491,590	509,720
Without employment income	91,125	40,440	50,680	278,525	116,740	161,775
With employment income	217,945	110,945	107,000	722,785	374,845	347,940
Percentage with employment income	70.5	73.3	67.9	72.2	76.3	68.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	25,555	13,115	12,445	90,045	42,675	47,375
$5,000 to $9,999	16,075	7,250	8,825	54,560	23,875	30,690
$10,000 to $19,999	29,700	13,975	15,725	94,460	41,920	52,535
$20,000 to $29,999	24,680	11,930	12,750	89,540	39,650	49,895
$30,000 to $39,999	22,760	11,340	11,415	88,340	41,905	46,440
$40,000 to $49,999	20,475	10,205	10,265	77,755	40,205	37,550
$50,000 to $59,999	19,405	9,570	9,835	58,900	34,355	24,550
$60,000 to $69,999	16,120	8,165	7,950	44,085	27,115	16,970
$70,000 to $79,999	12,580	6,595	5,990	34,450	21,375	13,075
$80,000 and over	30,595	18,800	11,795	90,650	61,780	28,865
$80,000 to $89,999	9,810	5,480	4,330	28,365	16,860	11,505
$90,000 to $99,999	6,690	3,960	2,730	17,635	11,355	6,275
$100,000 and over	14,095	9,365	4,730	44,650	33,560	11,095
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	163,135	...	...	489,050	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	67,230	...	...	68,147	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	57,248	...	...	59,093	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	50,380	...	...	135,495	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	36,090	...	...	35,846	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,660	...	...	31,538	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	112,760	...	...	353,550	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	86,275	...	...	84,532	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	72,721	...	...	72,688	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	163,140	...	...	489,050	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	81,808	...	...	85,373	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	66,772	...	...	70,154	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	50,385	...	...	135,440	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	43,178	...	...	44,208	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	35,466	...	...	36,503	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	112,750	...	...	353,605	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	99,072	...	...	101,140	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	80,763	...	...	83,044	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	163,135	...	...	489,050	...	...
Under $5,000	1,960	...	...	9,250	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	2,425	...	...	8,175	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	4,935	...	...	11,450	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	6,980	...	...	18,260	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	7,110	...	...	21,395	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	6,240	...	...	19,035	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	7,255	...	...	21,090	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	7,345	...	...	21,745	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	7,195	...	...	21,605	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	7,105	...	...	21,225	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	13,740	...	...	40,240	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	12,660	...	...	37,910	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	11,170	...	...	34,275	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	10,225	...	...	31,555	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	8,765	...	...	27,215	...	...
$100,000 and over	48,030	...	...	144,620	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	17,285	...	...	52,495	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	11,625	...	...	34,595	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	12,235	...	...	34,670	...	...
$200,000 and over	6,885	...	...	22,865	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	163,140	...	...	489,050	...	...
Under $5,000	2,070	...	...	9,725	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	2,475	...	...	8,315	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5,000	...	...	11,860	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	7,370	...	...	19,325	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	7,960	...	...	24,370	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	7,590	...	...	22,665	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	9,305	...	...	25,915	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	9,335	...	...	26,725	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	9,180	...	...	25,965	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	8,990	...	...	25,290	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	16,630	...	...	48,610	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	14,700	...	...	44,280	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	12,500	...	...	38,890	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	10,500	...	...	32,370	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	8,625	...	...	26,890	...	...
$100,000 and over	30,905	...	...	97,850	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	15,190	...	...	46,355	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	8,155	...	...	24,795	...	...
$150,000 and over	7,570	...	...	26,705	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	108,680	...	...	341,205	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	86,923	...	...	84,441	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	73,104	...	...	72,563	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	42,110	...	...	127,580	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	78,574	...	...	79,103	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	65,965	...	...	67,596	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	43,935	...	...	150,585	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	116,432	...	...	104,902	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	96,243	...	...	89,307	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.9	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	19,735	...	...	52,215	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	56,981	...	...	49,922	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	50,345	...	...	46,048	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	108,615	...	...	341,235	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	99,839	...	...	101,410	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	81,231	...	...	83,132	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	42,035	...	...	127,710	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	90,244	...	...	95,583	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	72,913	...	...	77,743	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	44,040	...	...	150,695	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	126,619	...	...	122,176	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	102,253	...	...	99,399	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	19,650	...	...	52,130	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	63,037	...	...	60,006	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	53,605	...	...	52,307	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	61,930	30,650	31,275	175,270	86,935	88,335
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	33,136	33,648	32,626	32,927	35,568	30,818
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	29,538	29,798	29,323	29,429	31,130	28,062
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	61,985	30,780	31,205	174,945	86,380	88,565
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	40,362	41,145	39,590	40,853	43,332	38,434
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	33,397	33,820	32,979	33,961	35,291	32,663
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	376,905	186,080	190,830	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
In the bottom half of the distribution	192,605	93,525	99,085	687,930	332,640	355,290
In the bottom decile	33,885	16,870	17,015	151,750	74,825	76,930
In the second decile	36,730	17,255	19,470	135,485	62,035	73,450
In the third decile	39,785	19,180	20,605	135,395	64,805	70,590
In the fourth decile	41,120	19,880	21,240	132,755	65,185	67,575
In the fifth decile	41,090	20,335	20,750	132,540	65,790	66,750
In the top half of the distribution	184,300	92,555	91,750	552,770	281,805	270,965
In the sixth decile	42,265	20,950	21,315	127,575	64,305	63,265
In the seventh decile	42,185	20,980	21,210	123,505	62,770	60,735
In the eighth decile	41,190	20,760	20,425	116,805	59,460	57,350
In the ninth decile	36,265	18,435	17,830	104,820	53,835	50,980
In the top decile	22,400	11,435	10,965	80,070	41,435	38,640
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	375,695	185,465	190,225	1,175,720	581,585	594,135
0 to 17 years	80,000	40,875	39,125	260,905	134,075	126,830
0 to 5 years	27,195	13,855	13,340	85,935	44,240	41,695
18 to 64 years	242,000	119,125	122,870	737,035	365,965	371,070
65 years and over	53,690	25,465	28,230	177,780	81,540	96,235
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	50,520	24,285	26,240	180,880	85,185	95,690
0 to 17 years	11,375	5,925	5,450	57,185	29,390	27,790
0 to 5 years	4,095	2,170	1,925	21,325	10,970	10,355
18 to 64 years	30,540	14,940	15,600	98,920	46,630	52,285
65 years and over	8,605	3,420	5,185	24,785	9,165	15,615
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	13.4	13.1	13.8	15.4	14.6	16.1
0 to 17 years (%)	14.2	14.5	13.9	21.9	21.9	21.9
0 to 5 years (%)	15.1	15.7	14.4	24.8	24.8	24.8
18 to 64 years (%)	12.6	12.5	12.7	13.4	12.7	14.1
65 years and over (%)	16.0	13.4	18.4	13.9	11.2	16.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	32,645	16,085	16,560	115,965	56,255	59,705
0 to 17 years	6,880	3,575	3,305	33,260	17,040	16,220
0 to 5 years	2,560	1,335	1,220	12,310	6,325	5,985
18 to 64 years	22,525	11,360	11,170	73,655	35,895	37,760
65 years and over	3,235	1,150	2,095	9,045	3,325	5,725
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	8.7	8.7	8.7	9.9	9.7	10.0
0 to 17 years (%)	8.6	8.7	8.4	12.7	12.7	12.8
0 to 5 years (%)	9.4	9.6	9.1	14.3	14.3	14.4
18 to 64 years (%)	9.3	9.5	9.1	10.0	9.8	10.2
65 years and over (%)	6.0	4.5	7.4	5.1	4.1	5.9
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	376,910	186,090	190,815	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Official languages	375,135	185,315	189,820	1,224,985	607,375	617,605
English	262,960	133,665	129,295	1,223,665	606,760	616,905
French	342,240	167,890	174,350	108,560	49,435	59,130
Non-official languages	53,725	25,815	27,905	340,250	165,150	175,100
Aboriginal languages	980	400	575	40,465	19,410	21,050
Algonquian languages	945	385	555	38,305	18,375	19,930
Blackfoot	0	0	0	10	0	10
Cree-Montagnais languages	380	140	245	20,975	10,025	10,955
Atikamekw	10	0	10	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	10
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	50	25	30	85	25	55
Plains Cree	0	0	0	190	90	100
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	10	1,140	505	640
Woods Cree	0	0	0	130	65	65
Cree, n.o.s.	290	100	190	19,435	9,340	10,095
Eastern Algonquian languages	25	20	10	10	10	0
Malecite	0	0	0	10	10	0
Mi'kmaq	30	20	10	10	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	530	225	305	17,710	8,520	9,185
Algonquin	500	210	285	10	0	0
Ojibway	35	20	20	9,685	4,560	5,125
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	8,045	3,975	4,070
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	1,120	525	595
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	0	10	1,110	520	590
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	1,110	520	595
Dogrib (Tlicho)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	20	10	0	110	55	55
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Inuktitut	15	0	0	80	35	45
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	20	15	10
Iroquoian languages	0	0	10	15	10	10
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	15	10	10
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	0	0	10
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	10	10	0	210	115	95
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	10	0	10
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	760	365	395
Dakota	0	0	0	760	360	400
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	10	0	0	35	15	20
Non-Aboriginal languages	52,760	25,425	27,340	299,900	145,795	154,110
Afro-Asiatic languages	11,160	5,860	5,300	15,730	8,320	7,410
Berber languages	800	450	350	85	50	40
Kabyle	500	250	250	45	25	20
Berber languages, n.i.e.	305	205	100	50	35	10
Cushitic languages	380	185	195	2,300	1,195	1,105
Bilen	0	0	0	210	120	85
Oromo	15	10	0	535	275	260
Somali	360	165	195	1,550	790	760
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	15	15	10
Semitic languages	10,400	5,485	4,915	13,685	7,300	6,390
Amharic	150	70	85	2,475	1,370	1,105
Arabic	10,145	5,365	4,780	6,650	3,590	3,055
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15	0	15	15	0	10
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	10	0
Hebrew	85	55	30	3,370	1,735	1,635
Maltese	10	0	10	65	30	35
Tigrigna	50	20	30	2,225	1,175	1,050
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	70	40	25	155	80	80
Austro-Asiatic languages	870	425	440	5,230	2,545	2,685
Khmer (Cambodian)	260	130	125	335	185	150
Vietnamese	615	300	315	4,905	2,370	2,535
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	630	210	420	65,305	30,220	35,090
Bikol	0	0	0	225	100	125
Cebuano	20	0	20	1,615	805	810
Fijian	0	0	0	65	35	30
Hiligaynon	25	10	15	425	180	245
Ilocano	10	0	0	1,875	880	990
Malagasy	105	45	55	0	0	0
Malay	90	40	50	375	180	195
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	945	415	530
Pangasinan	0	0	0	205	100	110
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	405	105	300	64,165	29,640	34,520
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	115	55	55
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	200	80	120
Creole languages	2,895	1,375	1,520	1,310	605	705
Haitian Creole	225	115	110	25	10	15
Creole, n.o.s.	2,600	1,220	1,380	635	310	315
Creole languages, n.i.e.	70	35	35	680	305	375
Dravidian languages	75	40	30	1,840	945	895
Kannada	0	0	0	175	95	80
Malayalam	10	10	0	830	400	430
Tamil	55	30	20	655	330	325
Telugu	10	0	0	255	150	110
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	29,180	13,665	15,515	175,950	86,435	89,510
Albanian	80	40	40	390	195	195
Armenian	90	50	35	65	50	15
Balto-Slavic languages	4,040	2,010	2,030	39,530	18,780	20,745
Baltic languages	50	25	25	230	90	140
Latvian	25	15	10	115	45	70
Lithuanian	25	10	15	120	50	65
Slavic languages	4,005	1,985	2,015	39,360	18,720	20,640
Belarusan	40	15	25	65	25	45
Bosnian	240	125	115	835	405	430
Bulgarian	235	120	120	155	95	60
Croatian	280	135	145	1,595	765	825
Czech	100	40	55	735	335	395
Macedonian	25	15	10	140	75	60
Polish	510	225	290	7,655	3,625	4,035
Russian	1,485	750	735	13,455	6,715	6,740
Serbian	705	365	340	870	470	400
Serbo-Croatian	435	245	190	190	75	115
Slovak	110	35	80	480	215	260
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	15	10	275	100	175
Ukrainian	330	150	185	17,095	7,795	9,305
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	35	30
Celtic languages	35	10	20	225	125	100
Scottish Gaelic	20	10	10	90	65	25
Welsh	10	0	10	90	45	45
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	15	25
Germanic languages	2,560	1,315	1,250	68,285	33,250	35,035
Afrikaans	50	20	25	715	330	385
Danish	75	45	25	270	120	150
Dutch	340	170	165	3,120	1,555	1,565
Frisian	0	10	0	90	65	30
German	2,065	1,090	975	61,760	30,170	31,600
Icelandic	15	10	10	560	225	335
Norwegian	35	15	20	290	115	175
Swedish	40	20	25	270	125	150
Vlaams (Flemish)	50	10	35	270	120	155
Yiddish	0	0	0	545	235	315
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	2,490	1,285	1,205
Greek	250	170	80	2,010	1,015	1,000
Indo-Iranian languages	1,390	675	715	38,760	20,480	18,280
Indo-Aryan languages	580	235	340	35,830	18,990	16,835
Bengali	65	30	35	1,520	885	635
Gujarati	20	10	10	3,905	2,065	1,840
Hindi	205	95	115	12,900	6,900	6,000
Kashmiri	0	0	0	20	15	10
Konkani	0	0	0	40	30	10
Marathi	0	0	0	275	170	105
Nepali	30	15	10	600	285	315
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	15	10	10
Punjabi (Panjabi)	150	70	85	22,900	12,035	10,865
Sindhi	10	0	10	150	85	65
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	10	10	920	500	420
Urdu	275	100	175	4,600	2,540	2,060
Iranian languages	850	455	395	3,035	1,525	1,515
Kurdish	140	95	40	600	295	305
Pashto	20	15	10	290	135	150
Persian (Farsi)	755	385	370	2,295	1,175	1,120
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	230	125	105
Italic (Romance) languages	21,960	10,025	11,935	34,360	16,630	17,735
Catalan	15	10	0	15	10	10
Italian	1,860	975	880	5,350	2,610	2,735
Portuguese	3,700	1,745	1,950	8,460	4,125	4,335
Romanian	1,325	665	660	785	395	390
Spanish	16,285	7,205	9,075	20,605	9,910	10,695
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	20	20	10	60	45	15
Japanese	275	160	120	1,160	550	605
Kartvelian languages	10	0	0	10	0	15
Georgian	10	0	0	15	0	15
Korean	215	95	120	4,240	2,100	2,145
Mongolic languages	15	10	10	55	20	35
Mongolian	15	10	0	55	20	30
Niger-Congo languages	5,810	2,895	2,910	7,970	4,125	3,845
Akan (Twi)	70	30	45	260	165	95
Bamanankan	235	105	130	160	95	65
Edo	20	10	10	95	60	30
Ewe	170	105	65	50	30	20
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	275	140	135	50	25	25
Ga	20	10	20	30	10	15
Ganda	15	0	10	230	110	120
Igbo	30	20	0	665	345	325
Lingala	760	365	390	655	315	345
Rundi (Kirundi)	980	485	495	205	105	105
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	835	410	425	305	155	155
Shona	20	15	10	250	110	140
Swahili	1,315	705	610	1,930	1,020	905
Wolof	505	225	280	150	85	70
Yoruba	155	90	65	2,630	1,330	1,295
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	1,645	845	795	1,440	765	680
Nilo-Saharan languages	60	30	30	410	225	185
Dinka	0	0	0	180	105	75
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	55	30	30	225	120	105
Sign languages	445	185	260	2,670	985	1,685
American Sign Language	135	35	95	1,710	625	1,090
Quebec Sign Language	155	55	90	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	195	105	90	975	365	610
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,325	1,175	1,145	21,130	10,490	10,650
Chinese languages	2,310	1,170	1,140	20,475	10,185	10,285
Cantonese	400	220	185	8,310	3,920	4,390
Hakka	0	0	0	50	30	20
Mandarin	1,845	915	935	12,825	6,460	6,365
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	85	40	40	480	230	250
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	0	0	185	95	85
Chinese, n.o.s.	125	65	60	1,115	600	510
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	10	10	675	310	370
Burmese	10	0	10	185	115	70
Karenic languages	0	0	0	465	200	265
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	145	60	80
Tai-Kadai languages	210	95	115	1,565	730	835
Lao	130	65	65	1,120	520	600
Thai	110	55	60	575	270	305
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Turkic languages	325	185	145	510	250	265
Azerbaijani	25	15	10	50	25	30
Turkish	245	145	105	365	180	185
Uyghur	0	0	0	30	15	10
Uzbek	40	20	20	40	20	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	45	15	30
Uralic languages	205	105	100	1,550	730	815
Estonian	10	10	0	45	20	25
Finnish	20	15	10	265	105	160
Hungarian	170	90	80	1,235	600	635
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	180	85	95	445	290	150
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	376,905	186,090	190,820	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	364,865	180,155	184,705	1,133,080	560,165	572,920
Canadian citizens aged under 18	78,225	40,095	38,130	266,225	136,640	129,585
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	286,635	140,060	146,580	866,855	423,520	443,335
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	12,045	5,935	6,105	107,620	54,280	53,340
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	376,905	186,090	190,815	1,240,700	614,445	626,255
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	337,815	166,625	171,190	996,860	494,285	502,570
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	37,040	18,420	18,620	227,465	111,095	116,365
Before 1981	5,975	3,045	2,935	50,025	23,340	26,680
1981 to 1990	3,985	2,150	1,835	20,205	10,190	10,010
1991 to 2000	7,175	3,520	3,645	23,040	11,165	11,875
2001 to 2010	12,205	5,885	6,320	70,985	35,305	35,680
2001 to 2005	5,585	2,670	2,910	22,570	11,195	11,370
2006 to 2010	6,620	3,210	3,410	48,415	24,110	24,305
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	7,700	3,815	3,880	63,210	31,095	32,120
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	2,050	1,045	1,005	16,375	9,055	7,320
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	37,040	18,420	18,615	227,470	111,100	116,370
Under 5 years	4,435	2,115	2,315	25,595	12,975	12,625
5 to 14 years	6,205	3,245	2,960	45,570	23,305	22,265
15 to 24 years	7,110	3,440	3,675	44,585	20,820	23,770
25 to 44 years	17,060	8,550	8,515	93,700	45,160	48,540
45 years and over	2,225	1,070	1,160	18,010	8,845	9,170
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	37,040	18,425	18,620	227,465	111,095	116,365
Americas	7,940	3,825	4,125	31,980	15,285	16,700
Brazil	300	160	145	435	170	265
Colombia	1,470	635	830	1,050	510	545
El Salvador	430	225	205	2,480	1,325	1,155
Guyana	30	15	15	1,135	515	620
Haiti	2,085	995	1,100	155	75	80
Jamaica	155	90	65	1,810	835	970
Mexico	505	185	325	6,655	3,330	3,320
Peru	360	185	170	235	85	150
Trinidad and Tobago	95	35	60	1,505	785	720
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	1,105	615	490	7,100	3,100	4,000
Other places of birth in Americas	1,410	695	720	9,425	4,550	4,875
Europe	10,130	5,015	5,110	56,705	27,815	28,890
Bosnia and Herzegovina	725	365	360	1,055	530	525
Croatia	220	120	105	975	445	535
France	2,305	1,165	1,140	795	425	365
Germany	465	225	235	10,390	5,215	5,175
Greece	70	40	20	820	445	375
Hungary	55	35	20	815	435	375
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	70	55	20	650	310	340
Italy	255	175	85	2,755	1,405	1,350
Netherlands	210	135	75	2,250	1,185	1,060
Poland	325	135	190	5,280	2,455	2,820
Portugal	1,450	670	785	4,380	2,170	2,210
Romania	950	465	480	720	345	375
Russian Federation	295	90	200	4,245	2,035	2,210
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	190	105	85	355	175	175
Ukraine	215	90	120	4,765	2,250	2,515
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	830	410	420	11,665	5,655	6,015
Other places of birth in Europe	1,495	730	765	4,790	2,325	2,470
Africa	10,985	5,770	5,210	17,975	9,495	8,485
Algeria	1,205	660	545	115	60	55
Egypt	340	215	130	980	525	455
Ethiopia	110	60	45	2,525	1,360	1,165
Kenya	95	35	60	935	470	465
Morocco	1,535	800	735	250	140	110
Nigeria	115	75	40	3,820	2,070	1,750
Somalia	90	40	50	755	350	415
South Africa, Republic of	90	55	40	975	465	505
Other places of birth in Africa	7,395	3,840	3,560	7,630	4,055	3,570
Asia	7,890	3,755	4,135	120,230	58,215	62,015
Afghanistan	110	50	60	615	285	330
Bangladesh	40	20	20	880	475	400
China^{Census data footnote 59}	1,445	555	890	9,250	4,460	4,790
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	65	30	40	1,460	715	735
India	120	55	70	21,990	11,395	10,595
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	495	280	220	1,180	655	530
Iraq	315	170	150	860	460	400
Japan	50	15	30	225	70	150
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	165	60	100	2,880	1,415	1,470
Lebanon	2,505	1,345	1,160	265	165	100
Pakistan	130	55	75	3,125	1,675	1,450
Philippines	410	110	300	61,950	28,800	33,150
Sri Lanka	60	45	15	1,015	515	505
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	490	245	245	805	390	410
Taiwan	40	10	35	215	110	110
Viet Nam	375	180	195	4,225	2,035	2,185
Other places of birth in Asia	1,075	550	525	9,285	4,590	4,695
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	90	55	40	575	290	280
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	7,700	3,815	3,880	63,210	31,095	32,115
Americas	1,485	770	715	4,130	1,840	2,290
Brazil	55	35	20	100	35	65
Colombia	325	150	175	185	70	120
Cuba	90	40	55	75	25	55
Haiti	480	240	235	15	10	0
Jamaica	30	20	10	340	175	165
Mexico	75	25	50	875	415	465
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	180	130	50	970	445	525
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	55	35	25	75	30	40
Other places of birth in Americas	185	95	90	1,490	640	850
Europe	1,130	540	585	5,155	2,650	2,505
France	380	195	185	135	70	75
Germany	20	0	15	580	310	265
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	25	20	0	135	80	60
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	35	15	25	160	85	70
Romania	120	50	70	70	30	35
Russian Federation	70	15	55	1,145	530	610
Ukraine	65	30	35	1,320	670	650
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	35	30	10	550	290	265
Other places of birth in Europe	375	190	185	1,060	590	470
Africa	3,625	1,840	1,780	7,860	4,120	3,735
Algeria	250	120	135	20	10	10
Cameroon	425	240	185	65	45	20
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	365	200	160	740	360	380
Côte d'Ivoire	265	135	135	95	35	60
Egypt	70	40	25	415	220	190
Eritrea	0	0	0	795	430	360
Ethiopia	0	0	0	810	425	380
Morocco	315	155	160	70	30	35
Nigeria	60	35	25	2,630	1,415	1,215
Somalia	15	0	10	385	160	215
South Africa, Republic of	0	10	0	225	110	120
Tunisia	110	65	45	65	45	20
Other places of birth in Africa	1,730	835	895	1,555	820	735
Asia	1,460	655	800	45,915	22,395	23,520
Afghanistan	15	10	0	60	35	25
Bangladesh	10	0	0	360	195	170
China^{Census data footnote 59}	270	125	145	3,390	1,635	1,760
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	185	105	80
India	25	15	15	10,915	5,675	5,240
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	100	45	55	425	230	195
Iraq	75	40	40	330	175	155
Israel	15	10	10	595	340	260
Japan	0	0	0	45	25	25
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	35	15	20	1,300	665	640
Lebanon	220	105	115	140	100	35
Nepal	0	0	0	210	70	140
Pakistan	50	30	25	1,535	800	735
Philippines	105	15	95	22,885	10,645	12,245
Saudi Arabia	15	15	0	325	145	180
Sri Lanka	0	0	10	250	140	115
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	315	165	150	635	325	310
Taiwan	10	0	10	20	0	10
Turkey	15	0	10	40	30	10
United Arab Emirates	15	10	0	110	55	55
Viet Nam	10	0	10	495	220	275
Other places of birth in Asia	145	60	85	1,650	785	870
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	10	10	0	150	80	70
Australia	10	10	0	80	25	60
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	65	55	15
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	376,905	186,090	190,815	1,240,695	614,440	626,260
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	40,930	20,390	20,540	249,625	123,035	126,585
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	30,710	15,550	15,155	197,530	97,135	100,395
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	305,265	150,150	155,120	793,545	394,265	399,280
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	31,420	15,585	15,835	180,810	89,380	91,425
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	14,530	7,705	6,820	119,845	60,680	59,165
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	6,640	4,190	2,455	44,415	27,435	16,980
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	7,885	3,515	4,370	75,430	33,250	42,185
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	8,725	3,655	5,070	39,875	17,355	22,525
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	7,865	4,080	3,790	20,550	11,155	9,395
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	305	145	155	540	195	345
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	376,905	186,090	190,820	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	20,685	10,255	10,435	223,310	108,495	114,815
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	19,750	9,785	9,965	220,470	107,145	113,330
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	8,340	4,035	4,305	130,510	62,955	67,550
Métis	11,270	5,685	5,590	89,355	43,895	45,465
Inuk (Inuit)	145	75	70	610	295	310
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	355	175	180	2,020	985	1,030
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	580	285	285	820	365	450
Non-Aboriginal identity	356,220	175,840	180,380	1,017,385	505,945	511,445
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	376,910	186,090	190,815	1,240,700	614,440	626,255
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	5,305	2,650	2,655	127,250	61,300	65,950
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	371,605	183,440	188,160	1,113,450	553,140	560,305
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	376,910	186,090	190,815	1,240,700	614,440	626,255
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	9,350	4,640	4,710	110,630	53,980	56,645
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	9,090	4,535	4,555	108,055	52,775	55,285
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	6,850	3,420	3,435	93,070	45,490	47,580
Métis single ancestry	2,170	1,100	1,070	14,835	7,210	7,625
Inuit single ancestry	70	20	50	155	75	80
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	260	100	155	2,570	1,205	1,365
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	255	100	160	2,495	1,160	1,335
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	50	30	15
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	15	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	10	10	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	27,505	12,900	14,605	114,605	55,480	59,120
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	26,785	12,515	14,270	107,535	52,250	55,285
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	20,190	9,360	10,830	40,265	19,440	20,820
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	6,370	3,050	3,320	66,810	32,600	34,215
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	225	105	115	460	210	250
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	725	380	340	7,070	3,235	3,835
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	650	340	310	6,800	3,100	3,705
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	55	35	20	120	65	55
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	0	10	130	55	80
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	10	10	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	340,050	168,555	171,495	1,015,465	504,980	510,485
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	376,905	186,090	190,815	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	38,200	19,060	19,145	216,850	108,315	108,530
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	1,025	505	520	42,060	22,200	19,855
Chinese	2,655	1,160	1,500	22,540	11,340	11,195
Black	17,145	8,600	8,545	30,335	15,790	14,550
Filipino	605	245	360	79,815	37,935	41,885
Latin American	4,335	2,085	2,250	9,895	4,840	5,050
Arab	8,420	4,545	3,875	5,030	2,705	2,325
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	1,330	625	705	8,565	4,155	4,410
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	915	480	435	2,695	1,420	1,270
Korean	305	125	180	4,375	2,195	2,180
Japanese	195	85	110	1,850	880	975
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	445	210	230	3,195	1,610	1,590
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	825	395	430	6,485	3,235	3,250
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	338,705	167,030	171,675	1,023,850	506,125	517,725
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	376,905	186,090	190,815	1,240,700	614,440	626,255
North American Aboriginal origins	36,855	17,535	19,320	225,230	109,465	115,770
First Nations (North American Indian)	28,005	13,255	14,750	142,820	69,305	73,510
Inuit	370	170	195	955	460	500
Métis	9,465	4,595	4,870	91,120	44,150	46,970
Other North American origins	231,630	113,620	118,010	247,670	123,075	124,600
Acadian	1,610	835	770	645	325	320
American	1,945	940	1,005	9,220	4,605	4,615
Canadian	224,665	109,975	114,695	240,835	119,610	121,225
New Brunswicker	35	25	15	10	0	10
Newfoundlander	55	30	20	215	130	90
Nova Scotian	15	10	10	20	15	0
Ontarian	290	140	150	20	20	0
Québécois	6,220	3,220	3,005	280	150	125
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	30	10	25
European origins	170,390	84,305	86,090	826,210	406,770	419,445
British Isles origins	66,430	32,340	34,090	421,515	206,840	214,675
Channel Islander	15	10	0	45	25	25
Cornish	15	10	10	85	45	40
English	23,170	11,525	11,645	245,960	119,975	125,985
Irish	40,650	19,480	21,170	156,145	74,290	81,850
Manx	10	10	10	200	100	100
Scottish	20,770	9,985	10,790	208,065	100,790	107,265
Welsh	1,040	525	515	17,760	8,575	9,180
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	2,675	1,325	1,350	19,610	9,260	10,355
French origins	111,455	55,365	56,095	148,810	72,060	76,750
Alsatian	50	15	30	20	15	15
Breton	380	190	195	120	40	75
Corsican	40	25	10	0	10	0
French	111,245	55,270	55,980	148,740	72,020	76,720
Western European origins (except French origins)	18,815	9,025	9,790	286,985	141,285	145,705
Austrian	560	285	280	12,325	6,190	6,135
Bavarian	0	0	0	15	10	0
Belgian	2,200	995	1,200	21,510	10,495	11,020
Dutch	2,860	1,420	1,440	55,525	27,375	28,150
Flemish	75	40	40	965	445	515
Frisian	0	0	0	140	75	55
German	12,970	6,220	6,750	220,735	108,650	112,080
Luxembourger	50	25	30	155	65	90
Swiss	1,125	540	590	5,475	2,660	2,810
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	10	10	0	140	65	75
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	2,315	1,130	1,185	80,295	38,580	41,720
Danish	640	375	265	7,895	3,850	4,050
Finnish	300	115	185	4,000	1,905	2,095
Icelandic	115	60	55	31,090	15,265	15,825
Norwegian	630	275	350	19,600	9,145	10,455
Swedish	615	285	330	22,470	10,530	11,945
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	155	85	65	2,540	1,260	1,285
Eastern European origins	10,620	5,120	5,505	287,695	141,310	146,380
Bulgarian	365	180	190	330	190	145
Byelorussian	160	75	85	885	430	455
Czech	245	70	175	4,590	2,165	2,425
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	85	35	50	2,155	1,120	1,040
Estonian	20	10	10	190	80	115
Hungarian	890	375	515	10,120	4,990	5,125
Latvian	100	50	50	1,365	655	715
Lithuanian	165	105	60	1,455	750	705
Moldovan	145	80	65	325	170	160
Polish	4,315	2,080	2,240	88,090	42,670	45,420
Romanian	1,570	765	800	5,835	2,790	3,045
Russian	1,690	855	835	58,225	28,625	29,605
Slovak	255	105	145	2,190	1,055	1,135
Ukrainian	2,300	1,165	1,135	180,055	88,615	91,445
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	40	25	15	895	415	480
Southern European origins	17,575	8,575	9,000	59,915	29,445	30,470
Albanian	105	50	55	415	220	195
Bosnian	400	190	210	1,030	505	520
Catalan	0	0	0	15	0	15
Croatian	540	280	255	2,930	1,430	1,500
Cypriot	0	0	0	45	25	15
Greek	885	445	435	4,130	2,070	2,060
Italian	6,970	3,350	3,620	23,210	11,675	11,530
Kosovar	0	0	0	45	20	25
Macedonian	85	40	40	225	120	110
Maltese	60	10	45	360	165	195
Montenegrin	45	30	15	40	10	30
Portuguese	5,155	2,465	2,685	14,540	7,215	7,320
Serbian	975	530	450	1,240	660	580
Sicilian	40	10	35	235	110	125
Slovenian	100	40	55	1,005	485	520
Spanish	3,195	1,620	1,575	12,625	5,680	6,945
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	370	195	180	1,060	540	525
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	15	10	10	65	40	30
Other European origins	1,190	665	530	10,950	5,550	5,400
Basque	125	55	70	100	65	35
Jewish	425	250	175	8,455	4,250	4,200
Roma (Gypsy)	25	10	20	155	70	85
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	50	30	20	185	100	85
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	580	320	260	2,130	1,090	1,040
Caribbean origins	5,710	2,905	2,800	10,805	5,355	5,450
Antiguan	10	0	10	60	20	40
Bahamian	15	0	10	60	35	25
Barbadian	140	65	80	740	390	350
Bermudan	10	0	10	40	30	15
Carib	30	15	20	65	30	40
Cuban	450	260	195	340	155	190
Dominican	255	115	140	275	145	135
Grenadian	20	15	10	160	85	80
Guadeloupean	15	0	10	0	0	0
Haitian	3,725	1,840	1,880	235	90	150
Jamaican	745	405	345	4,585	2,250	2,335
Kittitian/Nevisian	20	20	0	10	10	0
Martinican	20	0	15	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	30	25	10	70	25	45
St. Lucian	55	50	10	30	20	15
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	205	90	115	2,395	1,240	1,160
Vincentian/Grenadinian	15	10	0	190	90	105
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	125	75	50	1,465	705	760
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	155	70	80	665	360	305
Latin, Central and South American origins	6,015	2,960	3,050	23,115	11,555	11,565
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	325	145	175	650	330	320
Arawak	20	10	10	10	10	10
Argentinian	130	70	70	475	230	245
Belizean	0	0	0	200	105	100
Bolivian	75	30	45	300	160	140
Brazilian	300	165	130	830	375	455
Chilean	315	150	165	1,520	720	795
Colombian	1,800	845	955	1,400	680	715
Costa Rican	35	20	20	65	40	25
Ecuadorian	20	15	10	125	70	55
Guatemalan	150	50	100	505	240	260
Guyanese	110	45	65	1,485	770	715
Hispanic	75	35	40	425	210	220
Honduran	65	25	40	520	245	280
Maya	110	65	45	220	135	80
Mexican	1,130	595	535	8,790	4,440	4,350
Nicaraguan	160	95	70	370	200	170
Panamanian	20	10	10	50	10	40
Paraguayan	10	0	0	2,080	1,070	1,010
Peruvian	485	260	225	350	130	225
Salvadorean	510	240	270	2,735	1,425	1,315
Uruguayan	45	20	30	35	10	20
Venezuelan	285	150	140	240	95	150
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	235	120	115	1,045	525	520
African origins	18,625	9,450	9,170	28,860	14,980	13,885
Central and West African origins	6,945	3,440	3,505	8,665	4,585	4,085
Akan	20	0	15	35	10	25
Angolan	50	25	20	10	10	0
Ashanti	10	0	0	25	10	10
Beninese	500	260	245	55	45	0
Burkinabe	225	115	110	20	10	10
Cameroonian	980	490	490	145	80	70
Chadian	75	50	30	10	10	0
Congolese	2,070	1,040	1,025	1,575	785	790
Edo	0	0	0	130	85	45
Ewe	60	40	20	15	10	10
Gabonese	140	60	70	25	20	10
Gambian	10	10	0	10	0	10
Ghanaian	185	80	105	380	220	170
Guinean	355	165	195	70	20	50
Ibo	10	10	0	435	205	225
Ivorian	655	315	335	120	45	75
Liberian	0	0	0	80	20	55
Malian	420	185	235	140	85	55
Malinké	50	20	30	35	20	10
Nigerian	280	130	150	3,860	2,130	1,735
Peulh	135	60	75	25	15	15
Senegalese	535	220	320	115	70	40
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	320	155	165
Togolese	495	275	220	115	60	55
Wolof	30	15	15	25	10	15
Yoruba	95	35	60	1,050	540	510
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	670	325	340	545	260	285
North African origins	5,590	2,970	2,615	3,690	1,980	1,705
Algerian	1,245	620	620	100	35	60
Berber	950	500	445	150	90	55
Coptic	0	0	0	85	45	40
Dinka	0	0	0	30	25	10
Egyptian	705	390	315	1,335	720	620
Libyan	80	50	35	360	175	185
Maure	65	30	35	100	70	30
Moroccan	2,225	1,165	1,055	350	190	160
Sudanese	20	10	10	1,075	580	500
Tunisian	520	325	195	130	65	60
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	195	85	110	75	40	35
Southern and East African origins	3,910	1,925	1,980	10,500	5,420	5,080
Afrikaner	0	10	0	65	40	30
Amhara	25	10	15	140	100	45
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	220	105	110	150	90	65
Burundian	1,275	635	640	235	110	125
Djiboutian	155	65	90	45	30	15
Eritrean	45	15	25	2,300	1,240	1,055
Ethiopian	175	80	95	2,900	1,505	1,395
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	60	35	30	335	165	170
Malagasy	190	80	115	25	15	10
Mauritian	50	30	15	245	125	115
Oromo	0	0	0	325	185	140
Rwandan	1,130	560	565	300	145	155
Seychellois	0	0	0	45	20	30
Somali	325	145	175	1,740	900	845
South African	110	55	60	730	310	420
Tanzanian	70	30	40	90	55	30
Tigrian	25	10	10	320	200	120
Ugandan	30	15	15	255	125	130
Zambian	10	0	0	200	95	110
Zimbabwean	20	10	10	310	150	160
Zulu	15	10	10	30	15	10
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	215	120	95	440	230	210
Other African origins	2,835	1,445	1,385	6,670	3,350	3,325
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	275	130	145	825	405	415
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	2,620	1,345	1,265	5,925	2,965	2,965
Asian origins	17,215	8,470	8,745	178,655	88,885	89,765
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	9,960	5,205	4,750	11,850	6,130	5,715
Afghan	165	65	95	1,010	485	530
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	1,340	750	585	1,755	975	785
Armenian	270	125	150	495	250	250
Assyrian	0	0	0	40	30	10
Azerbaijani	30	20	15	55	35	20
Georgian	25	15	10	110	60	45
Hazara	10	10	0	0	0	0
Iranian	760	390	370	1,885	1,015	870
Iraqi	335	200	140	925	480	450
Israeli	45	25	20	775	410	360
Jordanian	180	75	105	235	100	135
Kazakh	10	10	10	335	185	145
Kurd	85	65	20	305	145	160
Kuwaiti	15	10	0	40	20	25
Kyrgyz	10	0	10	45	30	20
Lebanese	5,600	2,850	2,750	1,375	700	675
Palestinian	265	115	150	620	340	275
Pashtun	0	0	10	65	25	40
Saudi Arabian	10	10	0	170	95	70
Syrian	690	360	330	1,115	535	580
Tajik	25	10	10	55	20	40
Tatar	15	0	15	310	155	155
Turk	335	205	130	655	315	340
Turkmen	25	20	10	10	0	0
Uighur	20	15	10	10	10	0
Uzbek	45	25	20	70	45	20
Yemeni	15	10	10	100	45	55
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	110	65	50	305	145	155
South Asian origins	1,330	640	690	43,155	22,710	20,440
Bangladeshi	30	10	25	880	500	385
Bengali	20	10	10	200	115	85
Bhutanese	0	0	0	140	55	85
East Indian	1,070	505	565	34,470	18,110	16,355
Goan	0	0	0	50	30	30
Gujarati	0	0	0	220	120	100
Kashmiri	0	0	0	30	10	15
Nepali	20	15	10	500	250	250
Pakistani	165	80	90	3,370	1,795	1,575
Punjabi	10	0	0	3,830	1,995	1,840
Sinhalese	0	0	0	280	145	135
Sri Lankan	85	50	35	1,090	545	545
Tamil	20	15	10	245	145	105
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	20	15	10	725	415	305
East and Southeast Asian origins	6,045	2,685	3,360	124,100	60,175	63,925
Burmese	25	0	20	260	125	135
Cambodian (Khmer)	355	185	175	525	280	240
Chinese	3,430	1,540	1,890	30,150	14,980	15,170
Filipino	790	315	475	83,530	39,955	43,580
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	100	50	50	530	265	265
Japanese	260	120	140	2,675	1,305	1,365
Karen	0	0	0	455	195	255
Korean	360	130	230	4,545	2,300	2,240
Laotian	205	105	100	1,730	820	910
Malaysian	50	20	25	470	240	230
Mongolian	50	25	30	150	60	90
Singaporean	0	0	0	20	10	10
Taiwanese	65	20	40	150	90	60
Thai	135	65	65	750	335	420
Tibetan	0	0	0	15	10	10
Vietnamese	850	385	460	5,850	2,915	2,935
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	25	10	20	145	70	80
Other Asian origins	40	25	15	575	320	260
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	35	20	15	575	320	260
Oceania origins	230	110	125	1,525	740	785
Australian	160	65	95	910	415	495
New Zealander	25	10	15	315	170	140
Pacific Islands origins	45	30	15	345	180	165
Fijian	0	0	0	80	45	30
Hawaiian	0	0	10	60	30	30
Maori	10	10	0	55	30	25
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	15	0	10	95	45	45
Samoan	0	0	0	25	0	15
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	15	15	10	65	30	35
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	163,140	...	...	489,050	...	...
Owner	110,910	...	...	336,170	...	...
Renter	52,190	...	...	140,260	...	...
Band housing	35	...	...	12,620	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	163,135	...	...	489,050	...	...
Condominium	16,270	...	...	33,325	...	...
Not condominium	146,870	...	...	455,725	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	163,140	...	...	489,050	...	...
No bedrooms	625	...	...	3,745	...	...
1 bedroom	17,735	...	...	63,040	...	...
2 bedrooms	47,875	...	...	121,520	...	...
3 bedrooms	63,520	...	...	175,500	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	33,385	...	...	125,240	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	163,135	...	...	489,050	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	43,035	...	...	132,410	...	...
5 rooms	28,250	...	...	82,935	...	...
6 rooms	25,510	...	...	78,750	...	...
7 rooms	21,915	...	...	64,560	...	...
8 or more rooms	44,430	...	...	130,400	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	163,135	...	...	489,050	...	...
One person or fewer per room	162,065	...	...	473,625	...	...
More than 1 person per room	1,070	...	...	15,420	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	163,135	...	...	489,050	...	...
Suitable	158,420	...	...	456,365	...	...
Not suitable	4,715	...	...	32,680	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	163,140	...	...	489,050	...	...
1960 or before	26,490	...	...	142,200	...	...
1961 to 1980	46,990	...	...	158,180	...	...
1981 to 1990	25,815	...	...	65,190	...	...
1991 to 2000	23,410	...	...	42,740	...	...
2001 to 2005	12,975	...	...	20,815	...	...
2006 to 2010	15,240	...	...	27,880	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	12,220	...	...	32,035	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	163,135	...	...	489,050	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	151,830	...	...	444,995	...	...
Major repairs needed	11,310	...	...	44,055	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	163,135	...	...	489,050	...	...
1 household maintainer	98,120	...	...	290,830	...	...
2 household maintainers	63,170	...	...	187,775	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	1,840	...	...	10,445	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	163,140	...	...	489,050	...	...
15 to 24 years	5,820	...	...	17,240	...	...
25 to 34 years	23,755	...	...	74,950	...	...
35 to 44 years	29,155	...	...	84,800	...	...
45 to 54 years	34,300	...	...	95,135	...	...
55 to 64 years	34,220	...	...	96,255	...	...
65 to 74 years	23,005	...	...	67,475	...	...
75 to 84 years	10,010	...	...	37,760	...	...
85 years and over	2,875	...	...	15,440	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	161,740	...	...	461,870	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	130,250	...	...	373,860	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	31,485	...	...	88,010	...	...
30% to less than 100%	27,560	...	...	76,075	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	109,755	...	...	324,120	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	65.7	...	...	60.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	11.8	...	...	11.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,077	...	...	973	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,131	...	...	1,085	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	249,964	...	...	275,473	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	268,365	...	...	297,444	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	52,110	...	...	138,905	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	10.8	...	...	19.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	35.6	...	...	36.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	772	...	...	868	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	819	...	...	891	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	309,055	151,375	157,680	1,001,305	491,580	509,725
No certificate, diploma or degree	65,380	35,305	30,075	220,390	116,570	103,820
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	69,395	32,985	36,410	296,355	147,040	149,320
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	174,275	83,080	91,195	484,555	227,975	256,585
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	43,390	24,980	18,410	77,000	54,090	22,910
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	29,895	14,780	15,115	37,490	21,985	15,500
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	13,495	10,205	3,295	39,515	32,110	7,410
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	54,775	24,280	30,495	177,620	72,785	104,840
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	8,925	3,465	5,460	28,940	12,075	16,860
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	67,180	30,350	36,830	200,990	89,020	111,970
Bachelor's degree	42,795	18,015	24,775	143,780	61,350	82,430
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	4,680	2,120	2,560	16,040	6,675	9,365
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,170	590	580	6,105	3,515	2,595
Master's degree	15,950	8,005	7,945	29,305	13,830	15,470
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	2,585	1,620	965	5,765	3,645	2,115
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	210,995	103,205	107,790	654,670	323,300	331,370
No certificate, diploma or degree	30,995	18,280	12,715	94,310	54,700	39,610
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	42,100	20,225	21,875	182,335	93,000	89,330
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	137,895	64,700	73,200	378,030	175,595	202,435
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	33,920	18,990	14,930	53,800	38,185	15,620
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	23,570	11,240	12,330	25,955	15,460	10,490
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	10,350	7,750	2,600	27,850	22,725	5,125
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	41,015	18,380	22,640	137,930	57,445	80,485
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	6,380	2,530	3,850	21,215	8,995	12,220
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	56,580	24,800	31,780	165,085	70,970	94,115
Bachelor's degree	35,765	14,775	20,995	119,150	50,120	69,035
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	3,775	1,625	2,150	12,185	4,840	7,350
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	995	460	535	5,075	2,705	2,370
Master's degree	13,940	6,705	7,230	24,410	10,815	13,595
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	2,100	1,235	865	4,270	2,495	1,770
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	309,050	151,375	157,680	1,001,305	491,585	509,725
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	134,775	68,295	66,485	516,750	263,605	253,140
Education	12,420	3,200	9,220	44,855	11,705	33,145
13. Education	12,415	3,195	9,220	44,855	11,710	33,145
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	5,245	2,305	2,940	13,170	6,230	6,940
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,005	655	345	2,415	1,860	550
50. Visual and performing arts	4,240	1,650	2,590	10,755	4,365	6,390
Humanities	10,240	4,180	6,060	23,030	9,915	13,110
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	2,195	565	1,635	1,775	400	1,380
23. English language and literature/letters	660	235	420	3,905	1,110	2,795
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	3,850	1,520	2,330	7,065	2,820	4,240
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	85	30	50	60	25	30
38. Philosophy and religious studies	560	400	160	1,590	940	650
39. Theology and religious vocations	550	355	195	4,510	2,590	1,925
54. History	1,090	685	400	3,410	1,855	1,555
55. French language and literature/letters	1,250	385	865	705	175	530
Social and behavioural sciences and law	22,310	8,245	14,060	46,555	15,805	30,750
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	250	60	190	880	220	660
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,725	980	1,740	3,115	1,225	1,890
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	3,140	255	2,890	10,760	795	9,965
22. Legal professions and studies	3,470	1,275	2,200	7,130	2,365	4,760
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	545	125	420	955	305	650
42. Psychology	3,210	790	2,420	8,155	2,385	5,770
45. Social sciences	8,970	4,770	4,205	15,565	8,510	7,055
Business, management and public administration	41,675	14,380	27,290	95,115	34,865	60,255
30.16 Accounting and computer science	50	25	20	320	105	210
44. Public administration and social service professions	3,555	1,050	2,505	7,670	1,875	5,790
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	38,070	13,305	24,765	87,125	32,875	54,250
Physical and life sciences and technologies	5,615	3,025	2,590	16,120	8,165	7,950
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	2,090	895	1,190	6,625	2,990	3,640
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	990	585	410	4,325	2,285	2,040
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	690	355	335	470	70	395
40. Physical sciences	1,505	1,030	470	3,685	2,585	1,095
41. Science technologies/technicians	345	160	185	1,020	240	780
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	9,095	5,995	3,100	18,425	11,380	7,050
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	7,330	5,330	2,005	15,225	10,050	5,175
25. Library science	895	165	735	1,140	175	965
27. Mathematics and statistics	780	435	345	1,945	1,080	865
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	90	75	10	120	75	40
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	30,295	28,180	2,110	96,625	89,275	7,350
04. Architecture and related services	1,160	750	410	2,420	1,380	1,040
14. Engineering	4,745	3,965	780	16,205	13,530	2,675
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	5,710	5,250	460	17,815	15,975	1,845
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	10	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	8,890	8,720	165	22,160	21,705	450
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	6,225	6,060	165	27,485	26,650	830
48. Precision production	3,565	3,435	135	10,530	10,030	505
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	3,805	2,545	1,260	14,540	10,260	4,275
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	1,830	1,070	760	11,380	8,280	3,100
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,975	1,470	505	3,160	1,980	1,180
Health and related fields	20,235	3,870	16,360	87,795	16,505	71,290
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	1,570	815	755	4,105	1,945	2,155
51. Health professions and related programs	18,380	2,910	15,475	81,865	13,450	68,415
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	280	145	130	1,825	1,110	715
Personal, protective and transportation services	13,325	7,145	6,180	28,275	13,845	14,435
12. Personal and culinary services	7,525	2,210	5,315	16,750	4,095	12,655
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	45	45	0	90	85	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	135	115	15	240	230	10
43. Security and protective services	3,615	2,910	705	5,005	3,680	1,330
49. Transportation and materials moving	2,005	1,870	140	6,185	5,750	435
Other	30	10	25	60	30	35
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	25	10	25	60	25	35
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	210,990	103,205	107,790	654,670	323,300	331,375
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	73,095	38,505	34,590	276,645	147,710	128,935
Education	8,575	2,065	6,510	31,645	7,860	23,785
13. Education	8,575	2,070	6,515	31,650	7,865	23,785
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	4,115	1,805	2,305	10,350	4,875	5,475
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	725	460	265	1,815	1,335	480
50. Visual and performing arts	3,395	1,350	2,040	8,540	3,545	4,990
Humanities	6,685	2,675	4,005	17,250	7,370	9,880
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	1,810	455	1,355	1,485	330	1,155
23. English language and literature/letters	455	165	295	2,930	810	2,120
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,000	845	1,155	5,420	2,245	3,180
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	65	25	40	55	30	30
38. Philosophy and religious studies	390	265	125	1,230	715	515
39. Theology and religious vocations	285	185	100	3,255	1,835	1,420
54. History	805	500	305	2,365	1,275	1,090
55. French language and literature/letters	870	235	630	505	135	370
Social and behavioural sciences and law	18,410	6,660	11,755	38,120	12,380	25,740
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	220	60	160	740	185	555
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,265	815	1,445	2,575	965	1,610
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	2,700	210	2,490	8,805	605	8,195
22. Legal professions and studies	2,830	965	1,870	6,085	1,795	4,285
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	400	100	305	815	265	550
42. Psychology	2,600	580	2,020	6,370	1,720	4,645
45. Social sciences	7,395	3,935	3,455	12,730	6,835	5,895
Business, management and public administration	34,700	11,610	23,095	76,370	27,865	48,495
30.16 Accounting and computer science	40	25	15	270	95	175
44. Public administration and social service professions	2,995	850	2,140	6,145	1,335	4,810
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	31,670	10,735	20,935	69,950	26,440	43,510
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,925	2,040	1,885	12,195	5,930	6,270
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,840	790	1,050	5,290	2,265	3,025
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	550	325	225	3,005	1,595	1,405
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	130	65	60	405	65	345
40. Physical sciences	1,165	750	415	2,805	1,855	950
41. Science technologies/technicians	245	110	135	690	150	545
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	8,080	5,355	2,720	15,955	9,965	5,985
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	6,650	4,830	1,820	13,600	9,015	4,585
25. Library science	710	115	595	790	135	650
27. Mathematics and statistics	640	340	295	1,465	760	700
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	80	65	15	100	60	45
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	23,470	21,655	1,815	73,680	67,440	6,240
04. Architecture and related services	1,000	620	380	2,025	1,160	865
14. Engineering	4,045	3,345	700	13,705	11,305	2,405
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	4,430	4,060	365	13,840	12,265	1,575
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	6,520	6,400	125	16,060	15,690	365
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	4,845	4,715	130	20,395	19,765	625
48. Precision production	2,625	2,510	110	7,655	7,250	405
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	3,195	2,085	1,110	11,450	7,800	3,645
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	1,455	815	640	8,760	6,170	2,590
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,745	1,275	465	2,695	1,635	1,060
Health and related fields	16,150	3,200	12,960	69,600	13,415	56,185
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	1,325	665	665	3,310	1,585	1,715
51. Health professions and related programs	14,580	2,395	12,185	64,870	11,020	53,850
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	240	135	110	1,430	810	620
Personal, protective and transportation services	10,555	5,535	5,020	21,365	10,660	10,705
12. Personal and culinary services	5,985	1,705	4,280	12,255	2,980	9,275
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	45	45	0	90	85	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	95	85	10	110	105	0
43. Security and protective services	2,840	2,220	615	4,025	2,945	1,080
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,595	1,490	100	4,885	4,545	340
Other	30	10	25	50	30	25
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	30	10	25	50	25	25
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	309,055	151,375	157,680	1,001,305	491,585	509,725
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	134,775	68,290	66,485	516,750	263,610	253,145
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	174,275	83,085	91,190	484,555	227,975	256,585
Location of study inside Canada	162,160	77,050	85,110	403,775	188,230	215,540
Same as province or territory of residence	108,775	50,795	57,985	352,390	162,050	190,340
Different than province or territory of residence	53,385	26,260	27,125	51,385	26,185	25,200
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	12,110	6,030	6,080	80,785	39,745	41,040
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	1,325	765	560	9,155	4,910	4,245
Philippines	165	30	135	26,450	11,595	14,860
India	55	25	30	10,365	5,300	5,070
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	580	310	270	4,180	2,350	1,825
China^{Census data footnote 162}	485	200	285	2,865	1,330	1,535
France	1,765	1,025	735	395	235	165
Other	7,740	3,680	4,065	27,375	14,030	13,345
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	210,990	103,205	107,790	654,670	323,300	331,375
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	73,095	38,505	34,590	276,640	147,705	128,935
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	137,895	64,700	73,200	378,035	175,595	202,440
Location of study inside Canada	127,710	59,760	67,955	309,655	142,710	166,950
Same as province or territory of residence	85,660	39,215	46,450	270,435	123,090	147,340
Different than province or territory of residence	42,050	20,545	21,505	39,225	19,615	19,610
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	10,190	4,940	5,250	68,375	32,885	35,485
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	935	495	435	6,215	3,005	3,210
Philippines	155	20	125	24,495	10,775	13,720
India	50	20	35	9,430	4,770	4,660
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	405	230	175	2,465	1,385	1,080
China^{Census data footnote 162}	455	190	270	2,630	1,210	1,420
France	1,415	820	595	340	195	145
Other	6,770	3,160	3,610	22,805	11,555	11,255
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	309,055	151,375	157,675	1,001,305	491,580	509,725
In the labour force	203,860	104,600	99,260	662,155	347,685	314,465
Employed	189,605	96,115	93,490	617,465	322,130	295,335
Unemployed	14,255	8,490	5,770	44,690	25,560	19,130
Not in the labour force	105,190	46,770	58,415	339,155	143,895	195,260
Participation rate	66.0	69.1	63.0	66.1	70.7	61.7
Employment rate	61.3	63.5	59.3	61.7	65.5	57.9
Unemployment rate	7.0	8.1	5.8	6.7	7.4	6.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	309,055	151,375	157,680	1,001,310	491,585	509,725
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	99,830	44,435	55,395	312,495	131,600	180,900
Worked	209,220	106,940	102,280	688,810	359,980	328,830
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	107,420	56,575	50,845	358,800	206,460	152,330
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	101,805	50,365	51,440	330,010	153,520	176,495
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.1	43.1	43.0	42.9	43.5	42.3
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	203,860	104,605	99,255	662,155	347,685	314,465
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	4,885	2,580	2,305	12,625	6,125	6,505
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	198,975	102,020	96,955	649,530	341,560	307,965
Employee	177,050	88,475	88,570	580,885	296,560	284,325
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	21,930	13,540	8,385	68,645	45,000	23,640
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	203,860	104,605	99,260	662,155	347,690	314,470
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	4,890	2,585	2,300	12,625	6,125	6,505
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	198,975	102,020	96,955	649,525	341,565	307,965
0 Management occupations	20,220	12,095	8,120	71,455	45,945	25,510
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	38,655	11,555	27,100	96,050	27,530	68,515
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	13,380	10,300	3,085	34,135	26,895	7,240
3 Health occupations	12,110	2,385	9,725	52,280	10,830	41,450
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	29,650	9,610	20,035	86,055	27,425	58,630
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	5,970	2,560	3,415	14,355	6,025	8,325
6 Sales and service occupations	46,040	22,370	23,670	144,490	62,735	81,760
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	26,665	25,570	1,095	102,660	97,500	5,160
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,675	2,340	335	18,400	14,490	3,910
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,605	3,235	370	29,650	22,180	7,475
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	203,860	104,605	99,260	662,155	347,685	314,465
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	4,890	2,585	2,305	12,625	6,120	6,500
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	198,975	102,020	96,955	649,525	341,560	307,965
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,415	1,855	560	28,680	20,765	7,920
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	425	380	40	5,460	4,830	635
22 Utilities	1,015	805	210	7,390	5,625	1,765
23 Construction	16,265	14,880	1,385	49,575	43,990	5,585
31-33 Manufacturing	7,075	5,825	1,255	54,645	40,800	13,845
41 Wholesale trade	3,315	2,550	760	21,890	16,040	5,850
44-45 Retail trade	22,410	11,515	10,900	69,700	33,960	35,740
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	6,255	4,910	1,345	35,490	28,350	7,145
51 Information and cultural industries	3,595	2,070	1,530	10,875	6,085	4,790
52 Finance and insurance	4,775	1,900	2,880	25,885	9,615	16,270
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	2,570	1,655	905	8,235	4,565	3,670
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	9,410	5,350	4,060	28,470	14,790	13,680
55 Management of companies and enterprises	40	30	10	635	250	380
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	9,660	6,435	3,225	22,285	13,105	9,170
61 Educational services	15,745	5,020	10,730	55,025	17,480	37,540
62 Health care and social assistance	23,410	4,455	18,955	93,960	18,345	75,615
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	4,690	2,480	2,215	12,980	6,620	6,360
72 Accommodation and food services	13,575	6,085	7,490	43,655	17,430	26,230
81 Other services (except public administration)	8,585	3,720	4,865	28,055	13,740	14,315
91 Public administration	43,745	20,105	23,640	46,645	25,180	21,465
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	189,605	96,115	93,490	617,465	322,125	295,335
Worked at home	11,400	5,685	5,715	42,530	23,485	19,050
Worked outside Canada	380	225	150	1,935	1,305	630
No fixed workplace address	19,105	15,330	3,775	68,420	52,715	15,710
Worked at usual place	158,730	74,875	83,850	504,580	244,620	259,960
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	158,730	74,875	83,855	504,580	244,620	259,960
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	77,650	34,240	43,410	384,465	181,650	202,820
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	7,120	3,125	3,995	50,350	23,760	26,580
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	19,090	9,285	9,800	66,495	37,055	29,435
Commute to a different province or territory	54,875	28,225	26,645	3,275	2,150	1,120
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	177,830	90,205	87,620	573,005	297,335	275,665
Car, truck, van - as a driver	132,040	70,335	61,705	431,755	237,860	193,895
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	10,435	3,445	6,990	40,595	14,520	26,070
Public transit	23,280	9,815	13,470	53,740	21,780	31,955
Walked	7,205	3,355	3,850	32,330	13,815	18,520
Bicycle	3,385	2,435	945	8,175	5,670	2,505
Other method	1,495	825	670	6,410	3,695	2,715
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	177,835	90,210	87,625	573,000	297,340	275,665
Less than 15 minutes	39,070	17,915	21,150	185,120	87,795	97,320
15 to 29 minutes	58,455	29,585	28,865	208,570	108,680	99,890
30 to 44 minutes	45,335	23,820	21,515	115,090	63,555	51,535
45 to 59 minutes	20,095	10,705	9,395	36,755	20,485	16,270
60 minutes and over	14,880	8,185	6,695	27,470	16,820	10,650
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	177,835	90,210	87,625	573,000	297,335	275,665
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	14,455	10,365	4,090	28,060	20,145	7,915
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	42,315	24,115	18,200	104,545	65,630	38,925
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	54,980	24,745	30,235	168,760	90,125	78,630
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	30,665	12,840	17,830	126,090	50,885	75,200
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	13,125	5,750	7,375	53,120	22,305	30,810
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	22,295	12,395	9,900	92,430	48,240	44,190
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	215,215	109,880	105,335	710,830	370,255	340,575
Single responses	195,600	99,770	95,825	702,445	366,000	336,445
Official languages	194,980	99,450	95,530	694,855	361,770	333,090
English	67,210	37,410	29,800	688,400	359,660	328,730
French	127,770	62,040	65,730	6,455	2,100	4,355
Non-official languages	615	320	295	7,590	4,235	3,360
Aboriginal languages	70	30	40	1,815	1,025	800
Algonquian languages	70	30	40	1,755	990	755
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	55	25	30	985	565	420
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	15	10	10	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	35	15	20	980	565	415
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	0	0	770	430	335
Algonquin	10	10	10	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	230	125	110
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	535	310	230
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	55	25	30
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	60	25	30
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	55	30	30
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	10
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	10	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	550	295	255	5,770	3,215	2,560
Afro-Asiatic languages	70	45	20	300	155	145
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	30	10	20
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	30	10	20
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	70	45	20	270	145	125
Amharic	0	0	0	15	0	10
Arabic	65	45	20	105	70	40
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	115	50	65
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	35	25	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	15	20	140	35	100
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	30	15	20	140	35	100
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	485	245	240
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	10	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	10	10	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	470	235	240
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	310	165	145	3,115	1,865	1,255
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	30	20	10	480	245	235
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	30	20	10	480	245	235
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Bulgarian	15	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	65	50	20
Russian	10	10	10	280	145	135
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	110	40	70
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	25	10	15	1,300	790	505
Afrikaans	0	0	0	10	10	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	40	10	30
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	20	10	15	950	585	370
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Swedish	0	0	0	0	10	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	290	185	105
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	10	0	755	505	260
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	685	455	225
Bengali	0	0	0	20	0	15
Gujarati	0	0	0	10	10	10
Hindi	0	0	0	40	40	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	10	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	605	400	210
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	10	0	10
Iranian languages	10	10	0	75	45	30
Kurdish	10	0	10	10	10	10
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	10	10	0	65	45	20
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	240	125	115	580	330	245
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Portuguese	40	20	25	330	215	115
Romanian	10	0	0	10	10	0
Spanish	185	95	90	220	100	125
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	10	0	0	305	150	150
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	0	10	15	15	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	10	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	10	10	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	25	0	15	210	80	135
American Sign Language	10	0	0	155	65	95
Quebec Sign Language	10	0	10	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	10	10	0	55	15	45
Sino-Tibetan languages	65	35	30	1,170	650	515
Chinese languages	65	35	30	1,160	650	515
Cantonese	10	0	10	690	380	315
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	60	35	25	440	255	185
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	10	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	10	10	10
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	10	10	15	0	10
Lao	0	10	0	10	0	10
Thai	15	0	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	10	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	10	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	19,615	10,110	9,505	8,390	4,255	4,125
English and French	18,975	9,765	9,205	2,655	1,150	1,505
English and non-official language	235	110	125	5,680	3,085	2,590
French and non-official language	110	60	45	10	0	0
English, French and non-official language	300	170	130	45	20	30
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	215,215	109,880	105,335	710,835	370,255	340,575
None	109,055	56,450	52,615	662,595	346,710	315,885
English	64,760	31,420	33,335	8,550	3,690	4,855
French	39,220	20,940	18,280	13,320	5,825	7,495
Non-official language	1,485	745	740	25,960	13,815	12,145
Aboriginal	105	20	85	6,500	3,245	3,255
Non-Aboriginal	1,385	725	660	19,460	10,575	8,890
English and French	45	25	25	10	0	10
English and non-official language	300	140	165	65	45	20
French and non-official language	330	155	180	335	160	175
English, French and non-official language	10	10	0	10	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	372,680	184,040	188,640	1,225,480	606,585	618,895
Non-movers	325,435	160,980	164,450	1,064,380	527,020	537,360
Movers	47,245	23,055	24,190	161,100	79,570	81,535
Non-migrants	29,905	14,470	15,435	105,090	52,025	53,065
Migrants	17,335	8,585	8,755	56,010	27,545	28,465
Internal migrants	14,810	7,355	7,455	41,305	20,285	21,020
Intraprovincial migrants	9,985	4,775	5,205	30,395	14,720	15,675
Interprovincial migrants	4,825	2,580	2,250	10,915	5,565	5,345
External migrants	2,530	1,225	1,300	14,705	7,260	7,445
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	354,265	174,680	179,585	1,161,240	573,310	587,930
Non-movers	222,935	110,595	112,340	718,640	355,585	363,050
Movers	131,330	64,085	67,240	442,600	217,725	224,875
Non-migrants	80,310	38,785	41,525	261,015	128,560	132,455
Migrants	51,020	25,295	25,720	181,585	89,165	92,420
Internal migrants	42,610	21,115	21,490	117,135	56,880	60,260
Intraprovincial migrants	30,095	14,545	15,550	86,295	41,295	45,000
Interprovincial migrants	12,515	6,570	5,940	30,840	15,580	15,260
External migrants	8,410	4,185	4,225	64,445	32,285	32,165

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 40 referrer

Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 41 referrer

Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 42 referrer

Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Return to footnote 43 referrer

Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 44 referrer

Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 45 referrer

Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Return to footnote 46 referrer

Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Return to footnote 47 referrer

Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 48 referrer

Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Return to footnote 49 referrer

Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 50 referrer

Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 51 referrer

Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Return to footnote 52 referrer

Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 53 referrer

Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 54 referrer

Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Return to footnote 55 referrer

Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Return to footnote 56 referrer

Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Return to footnote 57 referrer

Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Return to footnote 58 referrer

Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Return to footnote 59 referrer

Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Return to footnote 60 referrer

Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Return to footnote 61 referrer

Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Return to footnote 62 referrer

Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Return to footnote 63 referrer

Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Return to footnote 64 referrer

Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Return to footnote 65 referrer

Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Return to footnote 66 referrer

Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Return to footnote 67 referrer

Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 68 referrer

Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Return to footnote 69 referrer

Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Return to footnote 70 referrer

Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Return to footnote 71 referrer

Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 72 referrer

Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Return to footnote 73 referrer

Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Return to footnote 74 referrer

Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Return to footnote 75 referrer

Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Return to footnote 76 referrer

Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Return to footnote 77 referrer

Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Return to footnote 78 referrer

Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 79 referrer

Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Return to footnote 80 referrer

Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Return to footnote 81 referrer

Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 82 referrer

Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Return to footnote 83 referrer

Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Return to footnote 84 referrer

Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 85 referrer

Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Return to footnote 86 referrer

Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 87 referrer

Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 88 referrer

Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 89 referrer

Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 90 referrer

Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 91 referrer

Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 92 referrer

Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 93 referrer

Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Return to footnote 94 referrer

Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 95 referrer

Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Return to footnote 96 referrer

Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Return to footnote 97 referrer

Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Return to footnote 98 referrer

Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Return to footnote 99 referrer

Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Return to footnote 100 referrer

Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Return to footnote 101 referrer

Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Return to footnote 102 referrer

Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 103 referrer

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Return to footnote 104 referrer

Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Return to footnote 105 referrer

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Return to footnote 106 referrer

Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Return to footnote 107 referrer

Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 108 referrer

Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Return to footnote 109 referrer

Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 110 referrer

Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Return to footnote 111 referrer

Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 112 referrer

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Return to footnote 113 referrer

Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 114 referrer

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Return to footnote 115 referrer

Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Return to footnote 116 referrer

Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Return to footnote 117 referrer

Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Return to footnote 118 referrer

Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 119 referrer

Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Return to footnote 120 referrer

Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 121 referrer

Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Return to footnote 122 referrer

Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 123 referrer

Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Return to footnote 124 referrer

Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Return to footnote 125 referrer

Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Return to footnote 126 referrer

Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Return to footnote 127 referrer

Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 128 referrer

Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Return to footnote 129 referrer

Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

Return to footnote 130 referrer

Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

Return to footnote 131 referrer

Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

Return to footnote 132 referrer

Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

Return to footnote 133 referrer

Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

Return to footnote 134 referrer

Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

Return to footnote 135 referrer

Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

Return to footnote 136 referrer

Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 137 referrer

Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

Return to footnote 138 referrer

Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

Return to footnote 139 referrer

Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

Return to footnote 140 referrer

Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

Return to footnote 141 referrer

Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

Return to footnote 142 referrer

Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

Return to footnote 143 referrer

Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

Return to footnote 144 referrer

Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

Return to footnote 145 referrer

Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Return to footnote 146 referrer

Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Return to footnote 147 referrer

Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Return to footnote 148 referrer

Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Return to footnote 149 referrer

Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Return to footnote 150 referrer

Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Return to footnote 151 referrer

Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Return to footnote 152 referrer

Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Return to footnote 153 referrer

Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Return to footnote 154 referrer

Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Return to footnote 155 referrer

Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Return to footnote 156 referrer

Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Return to footnote 157 referrer

Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Return to footnote 158 referrer

Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Return to footnote 159 referrer

Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Return to footnote 160 referrer

Footnote 161

Return to footnote 161 referrer

Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Return to footnote 162 referrer

Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Return to footnote 163 referrer

Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Return to footnote 164 referrer

Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Return to footnote 165 referrer

Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Return to footnote 166 referrer

Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Return to footnote 167 referrer

Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

Return to footnote 168 referrer

Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

Return to footnote 169 referrer

Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

Return to footnote 170 referrer

Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

Return to footnote 171 referrer

Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Return to footnote 172 referrer

Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

Return to footnote 173 referrer

Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Return to footnote 174 referrer

Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Return to footnote 175 referrer

Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Return to footnote 176 referrer

Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Return to footnote 177 referrer

Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

Return to footnote 178 referrer

Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 179 referrer

Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 180 referrer

Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 181 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Outaouais [Economic region], Quebec and Manitoba [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 8, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Outaouais [Economic region], Quebec and Manitoba [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Outaouais [Economic region], Quebec and Manitoba [Province]

Source

How to cite

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Outaouais [Economic region], Quebec and Manitoba [Province]