Census Profile, 2016 Census
Mascouche, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec and Rouyn-Noranda [Population centre], Quebec

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Mascouche, V Quebec [Census subdivision]			Rouyn-Noranda Quebec [Population centre]
	Data quality , Mascouche, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec Map : Mascouche, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec Change geography 1			Data quality : Rouyn-Noranda [Population centre], Quebec Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	46,692	...	...	23,504	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	42,491	...	...	23,137^r	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	9.9	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	18,322	...	...	12,233	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	17,900	...	...	11,359	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	436.4	...	...	1,073.6	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	107.00	...	...	21.89	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	46,690	22,980	23,710	23,505	11,365	12,145
0 to 14 years	9,250	4,765	4,485	3,325	1,655	1,675
0 to 4 years	2,935	1,490	1,445	1,185	595	590
5 to 9 years	3,395	1,725	1,670	1,140	555	585
10 to 14 years	2,915	1,545	1,375	1,000	500	500
15 to 64 years	31,160	15,365	15,795	15,265	7,675	7,590
15 to 19 years	2,750	1,355	1,395	1,255	635	620
20 to 24 years	2,670	1,365	1,305	1,795	895	895
25 to 29 years	2,725	1,365	1,360	1,725	930	795
30 to 34 years	3,145	1,490	1,655	1,420	760	655
35 to 39 years	3,785	1,805	1,985	1,310	685	625
40 to 44 years	3,535	1,760	1,780	1,195	590	600
45 to 49 years	3,240	1,615	1,630	1,295	610	680
50 to 54 years	3,440	1,730	1,710	1,760	885	875
55 to 59 years	3,165	1,580	1,585	1,915	915	1,005
60 to 64 years	2,700	1,295	1,400	1,610	775	835
65 years and over	6,290	2,855	3,430	4,910	2,035	2,875
65 to 69 years	2,345	1,080	1,265	1,385	640	750
70 to 74 years	1,695	830	870	1,125	510	615
75 to 79 years	1,015	500	520	900	360	540
80 to 84 years	680	280	395	740	270	470
85 years and over	550	175	375	760	250	510
85 to 89 years	365	140	230	485	160	320
90 to 94 years	150	25	120	235	75	155
95 to 99 years	30	0	30	35	10	25
100 years and over	5	0	5	5	0	5
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.8	20.7	18.9	14.1	14.6	13.8
15 to 64 years	66.7	66.9	66.6	64.9	67.5	62.5
65 years and over	13.5	12.4	14.5	20.9	17.9	23.7
85 years and over	1.2	0.8	1.6	3.2	2.2	4.2
Average age of the population	38.5	37.7	39.2	43.3	41.6	44.8
Median age of the population	38.7	38.2	39.2	44.0	41.0	46.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	17,900	...	...	11,360	...	...
Single-detached house	11,105	...	...	3,625	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	5	...	...	55	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	6,795	...	...	7,595	...	...
Semi-detached house	995	...	...	900	...	...
Row house	430	...	...	75	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	800	...	...	1,330	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	4,510	...	...	5,165	...	...
Other single-attached house	65	...	...	130	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	0	...	...	85	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	17,900	...	...	11,360	...	...
1 person	4,085	...	...	4,810	...	...
2 persons	6,185	...	...	3,955	...	...
3 persons	3,175	...	...	1,270	...	...
4 persons	3,020	...	...	920	...	...
5 or more persons	1,435	...	...	400	...	...
Number of persons in private households	45,835	...	...	22,375	...	...
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.0	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	37,445	18,220	19,225	20,180	9,710	10,470
Married or living common law	23,100	11,535	11,560	10,415	5,200	5,220
Married	12,125	6,070	6,055	5,285	2,620	2,665
Living common law	10,970	5,465	5,510	5,125	2,580	2,550
Not married and not living common law	14,345	6,685	7,660	9,765	4,510	5,250
Never married	10,025	5,290	4,735	6,325	3,445	2,880
Separated	505	215	290	320	135	185
Divorced	2,150	810	1,340	1,555	620	940
Widowed	1,660	370	1,295	1,560	310	1,245
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	13,630	...	...	6,130	...	...
2 persons	6,465	...	...	3,725	...	...
3 persons	3,085	...	...	1,175	...	...
4 persons	2,940	...	...	875	...	...
5 or more persons	1,140	...	...	355	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	13,635	...	...	6,130	...	...
Total couple families	11,355	...	...	5,020	...	...
Married couples	5,870	...	...	2,460	...	...
Common-law couples	5,485	...	...	2,560	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	2,275	...	...	1,110	...	...
Female parent	1,660	...	...	795	...	...
Male parent	615	...	...	315	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	11,355	...	...	5,020	...	...
Couples without children	5,150	...	...	3,025	...	...
Couples with children	6,210	...	...	1,990	...	...
1 child	2,315	...	...	840	...	...
2 children	2,795	...	...	815	...	...
3 or more children	1,095	...	...	340	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	2,275	...	...	1,115	...	...
1 child	1,315	...	...	695	...	...
2 children	775	...	...	340	...	...
3 or more children	185	...	...	80	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	5,810	2,845	2,970	6,010	2,940	3,065
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	17,900	...	...	11,360	...	...
One-census-family households	13,165	...	...	6,055	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	4,955	...	...	2,995	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	8,215	...	...	3,065	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	230	...	...	40	...	...
Non-census-family households	4,505	...	...	5,265	...	...
One-person households	4,090	...	...	4,805	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	415	...	...	455	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	46,375	22,880	23,495	23,255	11,260	11,995
English only	285	130	160	75	35	45
French only	26,755	12,385	14,365	14,650	6,425	8,225
English and French	19,275	10,340	8,935	8,510	4,790	3,720
Neither English nor French	65	25	35	15	10	5
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	46,380	22,880	23,495	23,260	11,260	11,995
English	1,535	765	775	595	285	310
French	44,340	21,855	22,485	22,525	10,910	11,620
English and French	435	235	205	120	65	60
Neither English nor French	60	25	35	15	10	5
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	1,760	885	875	655	315	335
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	3.8	3.9	3.7	2.8	2.8	2.8
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	46,380	22,880	23,495	23,255	11,260	12,000
Single responses	45,730	22,560	23,175	23,000	11,135	11,870
Official languages	43,890	21,640	22,250	22,565	10,910	11,655
English	1,150	580	575	535	265	275
French	42,740	21,065	21,675	22,025	10,645	11,385
Non-official languages	1,840	915	930	435	225	210
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	25	10	15
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	20	10	10
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	5	0	5	15	10	5
Atikamekw	5	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Algonquin	0	0	0	5	0	5
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,840	915	925	410	215	200
Afro-Asiatic languages	210	105	105	165	95	70
Berber languages	65	35	30	15	10	5
Kabyle	35	15	20	10	10	5
Berber languages, n.i.e.	25	20	10	5	0	5
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	145	70	70	145	85	65
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	145	70	75	150	80	65
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	10	25	5	5	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	0	15	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15	0	15	5	0	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	10	5	10	5	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	5	5	0	0	5	5
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	5	5	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Creole languages	185	80	110	10	5	5
Haitian Creole	10	5	5	0	5	0
Creole, n.o.s.	175	75	100	5	0	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,265	650	615	145	65	80
Albanian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	100	45	55	30	15	20
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	5	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	5	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	100	45	55	30	15	15
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0	0	5
Croatian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Czech	10	5	5	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	25	15	15	10	5	5
Russian	40	20	25	10	5	5
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ukrainian	5	0	5	5	5	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	30	10	15	15	5	10
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	5	5	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	20	10	15	10	5	10
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	20	15	5	5	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	30	15	15	5	5	0
Indo-Aryan languages	20	10	10	0	5	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	5	0	0	0
Hindi	5	0	5	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	5	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	5	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	5	0	0	0
Iranian languages	10	5	5	5	0	0
Kurdish	0	5	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	10	5	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,085	555	520	95	40	60
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	340	205	140	10	5	5
Portuguese	160	70	90	10	5	0
Romanian	90	45	50	10	5	5
Spanish	485	240	245	60	20	40
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	5	5	5	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	45	25	20	60	30	30
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	5	5	0	0	5	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	5	0	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	5	5	5	5	5
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	5	0	5	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	5	5
Wolof	0	0	0	15	5	10
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	30	20	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	0	0	5	5	5
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	5	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	5	0	5	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	15	20	10	5	5
Chinese languages	35	15	15	10	10	5
Cantonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	30	15	15	10	5	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Lao	10	10	5	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	15	5	10	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	20	10	10	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	15	10	5	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	5	0
Hungarian	15	10	5	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	645	320	320	255	130	130
English and French	355	180	175	180	85	95
English and non-official language	40	20	20	10	0	5
French and non-official language	200	100	100	60	35	25
English, French and non-official language	50	25	20	5	10	0
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	46,380	22,880	23,500	23,260	11,260	12,000
Single responses	45,420	22,410	23,010	22,980	11,135	11,840
Official languages	44,820	22,120	22,705	22,835	11,055	11,780
English	1,240	625	615	355	170	185
French	43,585	21,495	22,090	22,480	10,885	11,595
Non-official languages	605	295	310	145	80	60
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	600	295	305	140	80	60
Afro-Asiatic languages	60	30	25	55	30	20
Berber languages	20	10	10	5	0	0
Kabyle	10	5	10	5	5	5
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	40	20	20	55	30	20
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	40	20	20	50	30	20
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	5	0	0	0	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	5	0	5	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	35	10	20	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	30	10	20	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	455	230	220	55	25	30
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	35	20	15	5	5	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	35	15	20	5	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	5
Czech	5	0	5	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	5	5	0	0	0	0
Russian	15	10	10	0	0	5
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	5	5	0	0	5	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	5	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	5	5	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	15	5	10	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	5	0	5	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Urdu	5	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	400	205	195	50	20	25
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	50	30	20	5	0	5
Portuguese	45	25	25	5	0	0
Romanian	55	25	30	5	0	5
Spanish	245	130	120	30	15	20
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	5	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	5	15	10	10
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	5	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	10	0	5
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	5	5	5	0	5
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	5	5	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	5	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	5	10	5	5	0
Chinese languages	20	10	10	10	5	0
Cantonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	20	10	10	5	5	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	15	5	10	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	15	5	10	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	955	465	485	275	125	155
English and French	415	215	200	155	65	90
English and non-official language	55	20	35	10	5	0
French and non-official language	365	170	195	105	50	55
English, French and non-official language	115	60	50	15	5	10
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	46,380	22,880	23,495	23,260	11,260	11,995
None	42,245	20,755	21,490	21,575	10,360	11,220
English	2,400	1,255	1,145	1,170	650	520
French	730	380	345	240	120	120
Non-official language	820	400	420	225	110	120
Aboriginal	0	0	0	10	10	5
Non-Aboriginal	815	395	415	215	100	110
English and French	35	20	15	15	10	10
English and non-official language	105	45	60	25	10	15
French and non-official language	55	25	25	5	5	5
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	36,590	17,955	18,635	19,075	9,335	9,740
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	35,160	17,335	17,825	18,710	9,165	9,545
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,342	46,772	32,841	32,273	39,454	26,691
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	35,170	17,335	17,835	18,720	9,170	9,550
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,181	39,522	29,312	28,869	34,008	24,562
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	32,475	16,415	16,060	16,480	8,300	8,180
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,943	43,760	28,986	29,564	36,616	24,020
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	25,550	11,300	14,255	14,450	6,600	7,855
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,387	4,951	7,159	7,971	7,304	8,411
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	28,140	14,380	13,765	13,515	7,105	6,410
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,330	45,210	31,318	30,752	37,400	25,236
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	36,590	17,955	18,635	19,075	9,350	9,720
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	35,170	17,330	17,845	18,690	9,160	9,530
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	44,908	51,855	38,162	42,364	51,393	33,689
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	35,185	17,330	17,855	18,695	9,160	9,535
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,848	41,605	32,232	34,709	40,815	28,841
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	32,475	16,415	16,060	16,425	8,265	8,170
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,986	49,432	34,376	40,299	49,948	30,537
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	25,645	11,440	14,200	14,350	6,540	7,805
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,428	7,627	9,073	9,049	8,877	9,193
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	28,145	14,500	13,645	13,530	7,135	6,395
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,535	48,691	35,991	40,455	48,790	31,156
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	36,590	17,955	18,635	19,075	9,350	9,720
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	13,015	6,895	6,115	5,485	2,990	2,500
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	50,735	57,836	43,544	45,751	55,832	40,366
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	55,973	62,421	48,703	57,730	67,869	45,615
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	86.5	90.5	81.2	83.4	87.5	77.8
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	75.8	78.3	72.4	69.3	73.6	63.3
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	13.5	9.5	18.8	16.6	12.6	22.2
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	36,590	17,955	18,635	19,075	9,335	9,740
Without total income	1,425	615	810	360	170	195
With total income	35,160	17,335	17,825	18,715	9,170	9,545
Percentage with total income	96.1	96.5	95.7	98.1	98.2	98.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,540	1,425	2,110	2,090	865	1,225
$10,000 to $19,999	5,165	1,855	3,315	3,670	1,395	2,275
$20,000 to $29,999	4,670	1,885	2,780	3,005	1,275	1,730
$30,000 to $39,999	4,500	2,020	2,480	2,375	1,110	1,265
$40,000 to $49,999	4,435	2,150	2,275	2,145	1,040	1,110
$50,000 to $59,999	3,635	1,985	1,650	1,495	800	695
$60,000 to $69,999	2,770	1,620	1,150	1,015	640	375
$70,000 to $79,999	2,305	1,410	895	830	495	330
$80,000 to $89,999	1,445	935	510	575	370	200
$90,000 to $99,999	895	655	245	385	285	100
$100,000 and over	1,805	1,395	410	1,125	890	235
$100,000 to $149,999	1,435	1,110	325	840	670	170
$150,000 and over	375	290	90	290	220	65
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	36,590	17,955	18,635	19,080	9,335	9,740
Without after-tax income	1,420	615	800	360	165	195
With after-tax income	35,175	17,335	17,835	18,715	9,170	9,550
Percentage with after-tax income	96.1	96.5	95.7	98.1	98.2	98.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,720	1,465	2,260	2,170	890	1,275
$10,000 to $19,999	5,435	1,990	3,445	3,865	1,480	2,380
$20,000 to $29,999	5,865	2,450	3,415	3,680	1,630	2,045
$30,000 to $39,999	6,090	2,895	3,195	3,090	1,470	1,625
$40,000 to $49,999	5,270	2,900	2,365	2,200	1,170	1,025
$50,000 to $59,999	3,815	2,260	1,555	1,330	810	515
$60,000 to $69,999	2,425	1,480	945	940	595	350
$70,000 to $79,999	1,165	840	325	540	410	135
$80,000 and over	1,380	1,060	325	905	705	195
$80,000 to $89,999	585	440	140	345	265	75
$90,000 to $99,999	315	245	65	175	150	30
$100,000 and over	485	370	115	385	290	90
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	36,590	17,955	18,635	19,075	9,335	9,740
Without employment income	8,450	3,575	4,870	5,565	2,230	3,335
With employment income	28,145	14,375	13,765	13,510	7,105	6,410
Percentage with employment income	76.9	80.1	73.9	70.8	76.1	65.8
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,885	1,505	1,380	1,760	900	860
$5,000 to $9,999	1,865	725	1,145	1,145	485	655
$10,000 to $19,999	3,685	1,435	2,255	2,000	840	1,160
$20,000 to $29,999	3,190	1,295	1,890	1,735	795	940
$30,000 to $39,999	3,380	1,430	1,945	1,550	715	835
$40,000 to $49,999	3,175	1,520	1,650	1,375	675	700
$50,000 to $59,999	2,650	1,465	1,180	925	545	385
$60,000 to $69,999	2,165	1,355	805	720	485	235
$70,000 to $79,999	1,925	1,185	735	645	380	265
$80,000 and over	3,235	2,455	780	1,660	1,290	370
$80,000 to $89,999	1,080	770	310	395	290	105
$90,000 to $99,999	750	580	175	345	250	90
$100,000 and over	1,400	1,105	295	920	745	170
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	17,900	...	...	11,355	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	78,443	...	...	51,205	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	65,865	...	...	44,687	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	4,085	...	...	4,805	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	41,301	...	...	28,558	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	35,261	...	...	26,187	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	13,815	...	...	6,555	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	91,895	...	...	77,123	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	77,298	...	...	65,771	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	17,900	...	...	11,410	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	88,236	...	...	69,420	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	72,431	...	...	56,875	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	4,085	...	...	4,895	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	46,094	...	...	38,748	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	37,616	...	...	32,184	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	13,815	...	...	6,515	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	100,696	...	...	92,458	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	82,725	...	...	75,421	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	17,900	...	...	11,360	...	...
Under $5,000	100	...	...	130	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	120	...	...	240	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	205	...	...	550	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	400	...	...	805	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	505	...	...	730	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	495	...	...	600	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	645	...	...	680	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	710	...	...	675	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	730	...	...	640	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	795	...	...	505	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,565	...	...	955	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,490	...	...	700	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,420	...	...	670	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,350	...	...	525	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,180	...	...	470	...	...
$100,000 and over	6,185	...	...	2,480	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,465	...	...	905	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,635	...	...	645	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,510	...	...	565	...	...
$200,000 and over	570	...	...	360	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	17,900	...	...	11,360	...	...
Under $5,000	110	...	...	140	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	125	...	...	240	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	215	...	...	560	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	420	...	...	850	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	575	...	...	835	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	630	...	...	760	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	835	...	...	800	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	910	...	...	855	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,050	...	...	675	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,050	...	...	605	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,925	...	...	955	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,860	...	...	855	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,615	...	...	685	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,455	...	...	550	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,240	...	...	455	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,885	...	...	1,535	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,225	...	...	800	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	975	...	...	350	...	...
$150,000 and over	685	...	...	385	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	13,515	...	...	6,185	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	91,643	...	...	78,627	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	76,977	...	...	66,667	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	4,815	...	...	2,960	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	75,546	...	...	70,861	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	63,718	...	...	60,506	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	6,255	...	...	2,000	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	116,264	...	...	119,040	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	96,427	...	...	98,011	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.9	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,165	...	...	1,090	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	60,848	...	...	49,408	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	53,481	...	...	44,715	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	13,545	...	...	6,165	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	100,414	...	...	93,855	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	82,435	...	...	76,388	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	4,820	...	...	2,945	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	82,077	...	...	82,613	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	67,901	...	...	67,869	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	6,315	...	...	1,950	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	125,242	...	...	134,904	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	101,794	...	...	106,698	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,135	...	...	1,090	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	69,902	...	...	54,309	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	58,724	...	...	47,336	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	5,045	2,535	2,505	5,715	2,805	2,910
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	38,656	43,456	34,965	26,816	30,029	24,267
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	33,445	36,437	30,688	24,800	26,715	23,145
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	4,980	2,440	2,540	5,720	2,810	2,910
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	43,998	48,416	39,751	37,287	42,691	32,062
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	36,098	38,825	33,475	31,096	34,595	27,712
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	45,835	22,715	23,120	22,380	10,975	11,405
In the bottom half of the distribution	21,500	10,320	11,175	13,000	6,165	6,840
In the bottom decile	1,765	870	895	2,430	1,155	1,280
In the second decile	3,175	1,380	1,795	2,865	1,245	1,630
In the third decile	4,720	2,285	2,435	2,685	1,285	1,400
In the fourth decile	5,525	2,650	2,880	2,640	1,285	1,350
In the fifth decile	6,315	3,135	3,180	2,380	1,200	1,180
In the top half of the distribution	24,335	12,395	11,940	9,375	4,815	4,560
In the sixth decile	6,485	3,290	3,190	2,245	1,125	1,120
In the seventh decile	6,410	3,210	3,190	2,195	1,110	1,085
In the eighth decile	5,645	2,880	2,765	2,010	1,055	955
In the ninth decile	3,975	2,045	1,925	1,710	895	820
In the top decile	1,820	960	860	1,210	630	580
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	45,830	22,715	23,120	22,375	10,975	11,405
0 to 17 years	10,930	5,575	5,350	3,945	1,965	1,980
0 to 5 years	3,570	1,795	1,770	1,415	705	715
18 to 64 years	29,430	14,515	14,915	14,465	7,260	7,210
65 years and over	5,475	2,620	2,855	3,965	1,745	2,220
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	3,105	1,375	1,730	3,890	1,740	2,155
0 to 17 years	750	370	380	575	290	285
0 to 5 years	175	85	85	225	110	115
18 to 64 years	1,725	810	915	2,340	1,130	1,210
65 years and over	635	200	435	975	320	660
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	6.8	6.1	7.5	17.4	15.9	18.9
0 to 17 years (%)	6.9	6.6	7.1	14.6	14.8	14.4
0 to 5 years (%)	4.9	4.7	4.8	15.9	15.6	16.1
18 to 64 years (%)	5.9	5.6	6.1	16.2	15.6	16.8
65 years and over (%)	11.6	7.6	15.2	24.6	18.3	29.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,130	995	1,130	1,650	835	815
0 to 17 years	445	225	225	200	105	95
0 to 5 years	95	45	45	65	35	30
18 to 64 years	1,330	675	660	1,380	700	680
65 years and over	350	100	245	75	30	45
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.6	4.4	4.9	7.4	7.6	7.1
0 to 17 years (%)	4.1	4.0	4.2	5.1	5.3	4.8
0 to 5 years (%)	2.7	2.5	2.5	4.6	5.0	4.2
18 to 64 years (%)	4.5	4.7	4.4	9.5	9.6	9.4
65 years and over (%)	6.4	3.8	8.6	1.9	1.7	2.0
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	45,835	22,715	23,120	22,295	10,950	11,340
Official languages	45,785	22,695	23,090	22,275	10,940	11,335
English	19,325	10,445	8,885	8,400	4,730	3,665
French	45,560	22,575	22,990	22,195	10,900	11,300
Non-official languages	3,805	1,860	1,950	1,210	625	585
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	70	40	25
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	60	40	20
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	45	30	20
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	45	30	15
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	30	25	10
Algonquin	0	0	0	30	25	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	10	0	10
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	3,805	1,860	1,945	1,140	585	555
Afro-Asiatic languages	275	160	120	275	145	135
Berber languages	75	40	35	35	20	10
Kabyle	10	10	0	20	15	10
Berber languages, n.i.e.	65	35	25	15	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	240	140	105	265	135	130
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	230	130	95	265	140	130
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	65	25	40	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Vietnamese	50	15	30	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	605	295	310	40	10	25
Haitian Creole	10	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	575	265	305	35	10	25
Creole languages, n.i.e.	25	20	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	2,695	1,315	1,385	695	355	335
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	20	15	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	160	80	80	60	40	20
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	155	80	75	55	40	15
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	25	15	10	0	0	0
Croatian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	30	10	15	35	20	10
Russian	85	40	40	25	20	10
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	10	10	0	10	0	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	90	55	45	55	35	20
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	10	0	0	10	10	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	70	35	30	55	25	20
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	25	20	10	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	35	25	10	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	25	20	10	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	10
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	20	15	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,405	1,140	1,265	605	305	305
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	585	325	265	70	30	45
Portuguese	260	140	115	35	25	10
Romanian	65	35	30	10	0	0
Spanish	1,600	705	900	540	275	265
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	10
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	15	0	10	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	55	25	30	90	45	45
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	10	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	20	10	10	20	10	10
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	10	0	10	10	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	20	10	10
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30	15	10	55	30	25
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	65	40	25	15	10	10
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	45	25	15	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	15	10	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	10	10	40	35	10
Chinese languages	20	10	10	45	35	10
Cantonese	10	0	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	10	0	30	25	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	10	0	0	0	0
Lao	20	10	0	10	10	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	30	10	10	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	25	15	10	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	15	0	10	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	15	10	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	45,835	22,710	23,120	22,290	10,950	11,340
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	45,300	22,450	22,845	21,935	10,750	11,185
Canadian citizens aged under 18	10,865	5,550	5,315	3,830	1,915	1,915
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	34,435	16,900	17,535	18,105	8,835	9,270
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	530	265	270	355	200	155
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	45,835	22,715	23,115	22,290	10,950	11,340
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	43,385	21,380	22,010	21,520	10,560	10,960
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	2,400	1,315	1,085	615	295	315
Before 1981	725	420	305	115	75	40
1981 to 1990	315	165	150	25	0	25
1991 to 2000	420	225	195	80	35	45
2001 to 2010	670	390	285	190	80	110
2001 to 2005	365	210	155	55	20	35
2006 to 2010	310	175	130	130	55	75
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	265	115	145	205	105	95
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	45	20	30	155	95	65
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	2,400	1,320	1,085	610	295	315
Under 5 years	340	170	170	115	50	65
5 to 14 years	550	325	220	90	30	55
15 to 24 years	565	315	260	95	25	70
25 to 44 years	860	470	385	295	175	120
45 years and over	80	35	45	20	10	0
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	2,400	1,320	1,085	615	295	315
Americas	950	485	470	70	30	40
Brazil	25	10	15	0	0	0
Colombia	70	20	50	0	0	0
El Salvador	35	25	15	10	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	355	175	185	30	10	20
Jamaica	15	0	10	0	0	0
Mexico	30	10	25	10	0	0
Peru	75	45	35	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	10	0	0	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	110	70	35	20	15	0
Other places of birth in Americas	230	125	100	10	0	0
Europe	825	495	335	195	115	90
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	10	0	0	0
Croatia	0	10	0	0	0	0
France	360	230	130	95	55	40
Germany	25	10	15	25	10	10
Greece	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italy	130	85	45	20	15	10
Netherlands	0	10	0	0	0	0
Poland	15	10	0	10	0	0
Portugal	120	70	45	0	0	0
Romania	45	15	30	10	0	0
Russian Federation	10	10	10	0	0	0
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	10	0	10	10	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	20	10	0	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	90	45	40	30	15	15
Africa	345	205	145	245	125	125
Algeria	135	85	45	50	25	20
Egypt	15	10	10	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	25	10	10	60	30	30
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	170	90	80	145	70	70
Asia	275	130	140	95	30	60
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	50	0	50	30	10	30
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	10	0	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	15	10	10	0	0	0
Lebanon	50	30	20	50	20	25
Pakistan	20	15	0	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	10	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	30	25	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	80	35	45	0	10	0
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	265	120	145	205	105	100
Americas	135	50	90	15	10	10
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	35	10	20	0	0	0
Cuba	10	0	10	0	0	0
Haiti	15	0	20	10	0	10
Jamaica	15	10	0	0	0	0
Mexico	15	0	15	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	10	10	10	10	10	0
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	40	20	20	0	0	0
Europe	20	15	10	50	30	25
France	15	10	0	25	15	10
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	10	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	0	0	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	20	10	15
Africa	80	45	35	135	65	65
Algeria	25	25	0	35	20	10
Cameroon	0	0	0	20	10	15
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	10	0	10	20	15	10
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	15	10	15
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	10	10	0
Other places of birth in Africa	40	25	20	30	15	15
Asia	30	10	15	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	0	0	0	10	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	10	10	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	15	0	10	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	45,835	22,710	23,120	22,290	10,950	11,340
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	2,510	1,355	1,160	795	400	390
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	3,140	1,690	1,445	675	300	370
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	40,185	19,670	20,515	20,820	10,245	10,580
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	1,705	920	780	495	220	275
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	790	455	335	305	155	150
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	355	230	125	145	110	30
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	435	230	210	160	45	115
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	695	345	355	160	50	110
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	205	110	95	30	15	15
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	45,830	22,710	23,120	22,295	10,950	11,340
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	530	225	300	490	260	230
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	485	205	280	480	255	225
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	190	80	115	230	105	120
Métis	285	125	160	240	145	95
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	15	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	0	10	0	10	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	30	15	20	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	45,310	22,485	22,820	21,805	10,690	11,110
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	45,830	22,715	23,120	22,290	10,950	11,345
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	125	60	65	185	95	85
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	45,710	22,655	23,055	22,110	10,855	11,255
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	45,830	22,715	23,120	22,290	10,950	11,340
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	520	235	290	395	195	200
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	500	230	270	385	190	200
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	405	190	215	345	175	170
Métis single ancestry	95	40	50	35	15	20
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	10	10	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	15	0	15	10	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	20	0	15	10	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	1,290	600	690	1,025	525	500
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	1,240	565	680	1,005	515	500
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,105	495	610	800	405	395
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	135	65	70	190	95	90
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	20	10	10
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	45	35	10	15	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	40	40	10	20	15	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	44,025	21,880	22,145	20,870	10,230	10,645
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	45,835	22,710	23,120	22,290	10,950	11,340
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	2,400	1,200	1,200	625	290	340
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	45	35	10	10	0	0
Chinese	70	0	65	55	25	30
Black	1,310	685	625	285	125	160
Filipino	0	0	0	10	0	10
Latin American	550	265	285	20	0	15
Arab	195	115	85	230	125	110
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	90	40	50	10	0	10
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Korean	50	20	30	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	40	15	25	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	40	15	30	10	10	10
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	43,430	21,515	21,920	21,665	10,660	11,000
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	45,835	22,715	23,120	22,290	10,945	11,345
North American Aboriginal origins	1,810	835	975	1,420	720	700
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,570	720	850	1,165	595	570
Inuit	10	10	10	30	10	15
Métis	285	150	140	250	135	120
Other North American origins	33,690	16,615	17,075	16,910	8,230	8,680
Acadian	215	70	145	110	45	65
American	290	170	120	175	95	80
Canadian	32,210	15,860	16,350	16,280	7,875	8,400
New Brunswicker	10	10	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Québécois	1,365	695	665	580	340	240
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	16,350	8,115	8,240	8,010	4,080	3,930
British Isles origins	3,610	1,685	1,925	1,940	940	995
Channel Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0	0	0
English	830	360	470	430	205	225
Irish	2,335	1,060	1,275	1,375	675	700
Manx	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish	830	425	405	455	240	215
Welsh	0	0	0	0	10	0
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	105	55	50	50	15	35
French origins	10,850	5,405	5,445	6,300	3,270	3,030
Alsatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	80	40	35	75	50	25
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	10,780	5,365	5,415	6,260	3,250	3,010
Western European origins (except French origins)	1,095	540	555	525	255	270
Austrian	45	10	35	10	10	10
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	275	145	130	135	65	70
Dutch	90	65	30	20	10	15
Flemish	30	15	20	10	0	10
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	600	285	320	345	175	165
Luxembourger	15	10	0	0	0	0
Swiss	65	35	30	15	0	15
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	130	60	70	70	35	35
Danish	0	0	0	10	10	0
Finnish	0	0	0	30	10	20
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	40	20	20	20	0	15
Swedish	60	20	35	10	10	0
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	30	20	15	0	0	0
Eastern European origins	635	325	310	350	175	175
Bulgarian	30	15	15	10	0	10
Byelorussian	0	0	0	15	0	15
Czech	0	10	0	10	0	10
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	10	0	15	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	80	35	40	15	10	10
Latvian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Lithuanian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Moldovan	20	15	10	0	0	0
Polish	175	85	85	145	85	60
Romanian	95	45	50	20	15	10
Russian	80	35	40	35	20	15
Slovak	10	0	10	10	10	0
Ukrainian	185	110	80	115	50	65
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins	3,350	1,755	1,590	345	205	140
Albanian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Cypriot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	155	60	95	10	0	0
Italian	2,540	1,320	1,220	190	125	70
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	435	260	175	45	25	25
Serbian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Sicilian	50	20	30	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	30	15	10
Spanish	315	155	160	45	20	30
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	45	15	30	30	20	10
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	80	30	45	75	40	30
Basque	25	10	15	10	10	0
Jewish	35	15	20	10	10	0
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	25	15	10	55	20	35
Caribbean origins	1,120	575	545	90	25	60
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	30	15	15	0	0	0
Bermudan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	85	35	50	10	0	10
Dominican	55	20	35	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	925	480	445	80	25	55
Jamaican	40	20	20	0	0	0
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	15	10	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	15	10	10	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	715	365	350	50	20	30
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	35	20	15	0	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	40	15	25	0	0	10
Belizean	0	0	10	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	30	25	10	0	0	0
Chilean	15	10	10	0	0	0
Colombian	90	30	60	0	0	10
Costa Rican	10	0	15	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Guatemalan	25	10	15	10	10	10
Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hispanic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Honduran	40	25	15	0	0	0
Maya	10	0	0	0	0	0
Mexican	50	35	20	10	0	10
Nicaraguan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Panamanian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	155	90	65	15	10	10
Salvadorean	150	80	75	0	0	0
Uruguayan	50	20	30	0	0	0
Venezuelan	20	15	10	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	15	15	0	0	0	0
African origins	700	395	310	500	265	230
Central and West African origins	135	90	50	165	85	85
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	10	10	0	20	10	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	75	50	25	35	15	20
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	15	10	0	20	0	10
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	10	10	0	25	20	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	15	0	10	40	25	10
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	15	15	0	15	0	10
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	0	0	0	40	10	30
North African origins	350	200	155	280	170	115
Algerian	175	95	85	65	35	35
Berber	60	30	30	30	20	10
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	45	30	15	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	10	0	0
Moroccan	55	30	25	100	75	30
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	40	30	10	90	40	50
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	95	60	25	30	0	25
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	20	15	10	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	15	0	10
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	10	0	10
Mauritian	35	30	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	25	10	15	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	0	0	0	10	0	10
Other African origins	145	55	85	30	10	15
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	150	60	85	30	10	15
Asian origins	625	305	315	200	85	110
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	305	180	130	90	45	50
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	10	10	0	15	10	0
Armenian	25	20	10	0	0	0
Assyrian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	40	20	20	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	170	100	75	70	25	40
Palestinian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	45	30	20	10	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	10	0	10	0	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins	45	30	10	25	10	20
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	20	10	10	30	10	20
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	25	20	10	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	0	0	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	275	100	175	85	40	40
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	30	10	20	0	0	0
Chinese	105	20	85	70	35	35
Filipino	0	0	0	10	0	10
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	10	10	0	10
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	45	20	30	0	0	0
Laotian	20	15	10	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	10	10	10	0	0	0
Thai	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	85	35	50	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oceania origins	30	20	0	0	0	0
Australian	25	20	0	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	17,900	...	...	11,405	...	...
Owner	14,235	...	...	5,315	...	...
Renter	3,665	...	...	6,100	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	17,900	...	...	11,405	...	...
Condominium	3,325	...	...	940	...	...
Not condominium	14,575	...	...	10,470	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	17,900	...	...	11,405	...	...
No bedrooms	10	...	...	60	...	...
1 bedroom	1,540	...	...	2,355	...	...
2 bedrooms	5,695	...	...	3,850	...	...
3 bedrooms	6,300	...	...	3,265	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	4,355	...	...	1,875	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	17,900	...	...	11,405	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	4,865	...	...	5,035	...	...
5 rooms	2,335	...	...	2,040	...	...
6 rooms	2,360	...	...	1,030	...	...
7 rooms	2,560	...	...	935	...	...
8 or more rooms	5,780	...	...	2,370	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...	5.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	17,900	...	...	11,405	...	...
One person or fewer per room	17,840	...	...	11,370	...	...
More than 1 person per room	60	...	...	35	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	17,900	...	...	11,410	...	...
Suitable	17,465	...	...	11,195	...	...
Not suitable	430	...	...	210	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	17,900	...	...	11,405	...	...
1960 or before	835	...	...	4,560	...	...
1961 to 1980	4,775	...	...	3,715	...	...
1981 to 1990	2,220	...	...	1,565	...	...
1991 to 2000	2,025	...	...	805	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,985	...	...	125	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,735	...	...	225	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	2,315	...	...	410	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	17,900	...	...	11,410	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	17,200	...	...	10,545	...	...
Major repairs needed	700	...	...	865	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	17,900	...	...	11,405	...	...
1 household maintainer	9,465	...	...	7,835	...	...
2 household maintainers	8,210	...	...	3,495	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	220	...	...	85	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	17,900	...	...	11,405	...	...
15 to 24 years	370	...	...	895	...	...
25 to 34 years	2,935	...	...	1,890	...	...
35 to 44 years	3,995	...	...	1,560	...	...
45 to 54 years	3,960	...	...	2,065	...	...
55 to 64 years	3,295	...	...	2,110	...	...
65 to 74 years	2,365	...	...	1,690	...	...
75 to 84 years	850	...	...	905	...	...
85 years and over	120	...	...	295	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	17,885	...	...	11,405	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	14,895	...	...	8,880	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	2,995	...	...	2,525	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,740	...	...	2,240	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	14,225	...	...	5,310	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	76.9	...	...	59.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	13.4	...	...	10.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,246	...	...	933	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,267	...	...	993	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	250,739	...	...	230,162	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	284,401	...	...	242,140	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	3,665	...	...	6,095	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	2.3	...	...	7.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	29.5	...	...	32.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	869	...	...	625	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	873	...	...	664	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	36,590	17,955	18,635	19,075	9,350	9,720
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,860	3,480	3,375	4,370	2,260	2,115
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	8,610	4,065	4,545	4,145	1,815	2,325
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	21,125	10,410	10,710	10,560	5,275	5,280
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,355	5,185	3,170	3,720	2,275	1,445
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	5,780	2,960	2,820	2,750	1,525	1,225
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	2,575	2,225	350	970	750	215
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	6,885	2,935	3,950	3,050	1,380	1,665
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,215	485	730	630	215	420
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	4,665	1,810	2,855	3,160	1,405	1,760
Bachelor's degree	3,500	1,345	2,155	2,190	935	1,260
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	470	175	295	215	80	135
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	95	25	65	85	40	45
Master's degree	565	250	315	575	285	290
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	35	20	15	95	70	25
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	25,680	12,625	13,060	11,990	6,050	5,940
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,030	1,715	1,315	1,770	1,030	745
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	5,400	2,545	2,850	2,135	985	1,145
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	17,255	8,365	8,890	8,090	4,040	4,045
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,700	4,045	2,660	2,830	1,700	1,125
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	4,635	2,260	2,375	2,125	1,150	975
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	2,065	1,780	280	700	550	150
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	5,430	2,395	3,035	2,155	1,040	1,115
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	945	370	570	440	155	285
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	4,175	1,555	2,620	2,670	1,155	1,515
Bachelor's degree	3,110	1,155	1,965	1,855	795	1,065
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	420	150	275	175	55	120
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	85	20	65	75	35	40
Master's degree	530	220	310	470	210	265
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	35	15	15	80	60	20
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	36,590	17,955	18,635	19,075	9,350	9,725
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	15,470	7,545	7,925	8,515	4,075	4,440
Education	1,420	315	1,095	955	195	755
13. Education	1,420	315	1,100	955	195	755
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	810	335	475	295	125	170
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	200	135	65	30	35	0
50. Visual and performing arts	615	210	410	265	95	170
Humanities	770	300	465	540	265	275
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	85	10	80	40	10	25
23. English language and literature/letters	10	0	0	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	485	195	285	340	145	195
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10	10	0	10	10	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	50	25	20	60	45	10
54. History	40	20	15	20	20	0
55. French language and literature/letters	100	35	60	60	25	35
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,595	340	1,260	650	160	495
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	10	10	0	10	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	185	40	145	65	25	40
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	485	35	455	170	10	165
22. Legal professions and studies	305	60	240	75	25	50
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	15	0	20	15	0	20
42. Psychology	295	40	255	195	35	160
45. Social sciences	290	155	140	125	60	65
Business, management and public administration	4,810	1,520	3,290	2,445	800	1,645
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	10	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	250	50	200	255	50	205
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,555	1,470	3,085	2,175	745	1,435
Physical and life sciences and technologies	480	245	235	305	155	150
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	140	45	85	90	45	50
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	85	45	45	20	15	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	120	55	60	55	25	35
40. Physical sciences	105	90	15	120	70	45
41. Science technologies/technicians	35	10	25	15	0	15
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	720	520	195	155	90	65
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	670	510	160	95	65	30
25. Library science	35	0	30	40	0	35
27. Mathematics and statistics	20	15	10	25	20	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	5,390	5,055	330	2,845	2,650	195
04. Architecture and related services	115	70	45	50	30	25
14. Engineering	435	385	55	385	335	45
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	950	880	70	790	715	80
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,760	1,720	40	575	560	15
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,305	1,245	60	600	580	20
48. Precision production	820	760	60	445	430	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	260	175	85	255	185	65
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	165	100	65	65	40	20
03. Natural resources and conservation	95	75	25	195	145	50
Health and related fields	2,580	375	2,205	1,115	220	895
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	170	60	100	65	30	35
51. Health professions and related programs	2,400	305	2,100	1,005	165	845
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	10	0	10	45	20	20
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,280	1,230	1,060	995	435	565
12. Personal and culinary services	1,030	210	820	595	85	510
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	790	610	185	175	130	45
49. Transportation and materials moving	450	395	50	220	210	10
Other	0	0	0	10	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	10	10	10
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	25,680	12,625	13,060	11,990	6,055	5,940
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	8,430	4,260	4,165	3,900	2,015	1,895
Education	1,110	245	860	615	110	505
13. Education	1,110	250	860	615	110	505
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	620	260	360	250	115	130
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	165	120	50	30	25	0
50. Visual and performing arts	455	145	310	225	90	130
Humanities	505	190	320	335	175	160
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	50	10	45	30	10	25
23. English language and literature/letters	0	10	0	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	295	110	185	200	110	95
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10	10	0	10	10	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	30	15	20	30	25	10
54. History	30	20	15	15	15	0
55. French language and literature/letters	85	30	60	50	15	35
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,375	290	1,085	555	135	420
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	10	10	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	155	40	115	55	20	35
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	405	20	385	135	10	125
22. Legal professions and studies	270	55	215	70	25	45
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	10	0	0	10	0	10
42. Psychology	265	35	235	175	30	145
45. Social sciences	255	135	125	110	50	60
Business, management and public administration	4,090	1,270	2,820	1,985	635	1,350
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0	10	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	205	45	165	215	45	175
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,880	1,225	2,650	1,755	585	1,170
Physical and life sciences and technologies	350	190	160	200	110	95
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	120	35	80	80	40	35
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	70	40	25	10	10	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	45	30	10	10	0	0
40. Physical sciences	85	70	20	100	60	40
41. Science technologies/technicians	35	15	20	15	0	15
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	610	445	170	125	60	65
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	565	435	135	90	60	30
25. Library science	30	10	25	30	0	30
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	10	10	10	10	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	4,405	4,085	325	2,185	2,015	170
04. Architecture and related services	105	60	45	40	20	20
14. Engineering	410	360	55	360	320	40
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	795	730	65	610	545	70
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,400	1,360	45	400	390	15
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,030	965	65	450	425	20
48. Precision production	665	610	60	325	315	15
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	220	145	75	210	155	55
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	140	85	50	45	35	15
03. Natural resources and conservation	85	60	25	160	120	40
Health and related fields	2,095	300	1,795	825	185	640
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	125	45	85	50	20	30
51. Health professions and related programs	1,960	255	1,705	730	140	590
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	10	0	10	45	20	20
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,870	950	925	795	345	450
12. Personal and culinary services	845	145	700	475	65	410
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	10	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	635	465	175	120	90	30
49. Transportation and materials moving	385	335	45	200	190	10
Other	0	0	0	0	10	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	10	0	10
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	36,590	17,955	18,635	19,075	9,350	9,725
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,465	7,540	7,925	8,510	4,070	4,440
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	21,125	10,415	10,710	10,560	5,275	5,285
Location of study inside Canada	20,570	10,070	10,500	10,320	5,130	5,185
Same as province or territory of residence	20,415	9,995	10,425	9,890	4,880	5,010
Different than province or territory of residence	155	75	80	425	255	175
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	550	345	210	245	145	100
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	85	70	15	20	10	10
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	10	0	0	10	10	10
France	165	115	50	80	55	20
Other	295	155	140	140	70	70
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	25,685	12,625	13,060	11,990	6,055	5,940
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	8,430	4,260	4,165	3,900	2,010	1,895
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	17,255	8,360	8,890	8,090	4,040	4,050
Location of study inside Canada	16,795	8,095	8,705	7,890	3,915	3,970
Same as province or territory of residence	16,680	8,035	8,640	7,600	3,745	3,855
Different than province or territory of residence	115	55	60	285	170	115
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	460	275	190	200	125	80
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	65	50	15	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	10	10	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	10	0	0	0	10	0
France	125	75	45	60	45	15
Other	260	140	125	130	70	60
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	36,590	17,955	18,635	19,075	9,350	9,720
In the labour force	26,430	13,505	12,930	11,955	6,280	5,675
Employed	25,150	12,810	12,350	10,955	5,615	5,340
Unemployed	1,280	695	585	995	660	335
Not in the labour force	10,160	4,455	5,705	7,120	3,075	4,050
Participation rate	72.2	75.2	69.4	62.7	67.2	58.4
Employment rate	68.7	71.3	66.3	57.4	60.1	54.9
Unemployment rate	4.8	5.1	4.5	8.3	10.5	5.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	36,590	17,955	18,635	19,075	9,350	9,720
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	9,535	4,115	5,420	6,465	2,760	3,700
Worked	27,060	13,840	13,215	12,610	6,595	6,025
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	13,260	7,060	6,200	5,610	3,045	2,560
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	13,790	6,780	7,015	7,005	3,545	3,460
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.8	43.9	43.6	41.3	41.6	41.1
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	26,435	13,500	12,930	11,950	6,275	5,675
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	405	190	210	275	130	145
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	26,030	13,310	12,720	11,680	6,145	5,530
Employee	22,875	11,455	11,420	10,900	5,775	5,125
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	3,160	1,855	1,300	780	370	410
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	26,435	13,505	12,930	11,955	6,275	5,675
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	400	190	210	270	135	145
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	26,035	13,310	12,720	11,680	6,145	5,535
0 Management occupations	2,880	1,790	1,095	845	480	365
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	4,400	1,175	3,230	1,720	565	1,150
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,350	1,040	310	850	695	150
3 Health occupations	1,695	210	1,480	730	145	585
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	3,335	960	2,375	1,600	435	1,160
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	630	265	365	260	100	160
6 Sales and service occupations	5,540	2,240	3,305	3,180	1,390	1,795
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	4,915	4,650	265	1,630	1,545	90
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	250	220	25	595	565	30
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,040	765	275	275	235	40
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	26,430	13,500	12,930	11,955	6,280	5,675
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	400	190	210	270	130	145
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	26,035	13,310	12,720	11,680	6,150	5,530
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	165	95	70	75	70	10
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	60	50	15	1,050	920	130
22 Utilities	235	160	75	245	200	45
23 Construction	2,975	2,590	375	785	690	95
31-33 Manufacturing	2,755	1,960	800	555	425	125
41 Wholesale trade	1,135	770	365	275	210	65
44-45 Retail trade	3,580	1,670	1,905	1,690	810	885
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,185	925	265	325	250	80
51 Information and cultural industries	495	280	215	150	75	75
52 Finance and insurance	985	300	685	240	80	160
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	350	155	190	130	95	35
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,450	680	770	600	365	240
55 Management of companies and enterprises	20	10	15	10	10	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,070	650	420	555	325	235
61 Educational services	1,760	500	1,260	935	290	645
62 Health care and social assistance	3,270	375	2,890	1,725	325	1,400
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	415	220	195	135	50	80
72 Accommodation and food services	1,280	435	845	930	340	585
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,215	555	655	590	305	290
91 Public administration	1,650	950	700	685	310	370
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	25,150	12,805	12,345	10,960	5,620	5,340
Worked at home	1,605	660	940	485	245	240
Worked outside Canada	25	15	10	15	15	0
No fixed workplace address	2,915	2,275	640	740	615	125
Worked at usual place	20,610	9,855	10,755	9,715	4,745	4,975
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	20,610	9,860	10,755	9,720	4,745	4,970
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	3,270	1,270	2,005	8,965	4,150	4,825
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	3,780	1,565	2,210	0	0	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	13,555	7,020	6,535	695	550	145
Commute to a different province or territory	10	10	0	55	50	10
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	23,525	12,130	11,395	10,455	5,355	5,105
Car, truck, van - as a driver	20,855	11,075	9,780	7,800	4,060	3,740
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	795	290	500	585	270	320
Public transit	1,210	470	740	135	25	110
Walked	400	165	230	1,540	670	870
Bicycle	55	35	25	95	65	25
Other method	210	90	125	305	260	40
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	23,525	12,130	11,395	10,460	5,360	5,100
Less than 15 minutes	4,430	1,745	2,685	7,040	3,260	3,780
15 to 29 minutes	6,700	3,375	3,325	2,065	1,065	1,005
30 to 44 minutes	6,005	3,435	2,560	610	460	150
45 to 59 minutes	3,075	1,825	1,250	245	185	60
60 minutes and over	3,325	1,750	1,570	505	395	105
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	23,530	12,130	11,395	10,460	5,360	5,100
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,555	2,780	775	680	560	125
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	5,105	2,905	2,200	1,310	900	415
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	5,640	2,185	3,450	3,325	1,640	1,690
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	3,490	1,250	2,240	2,535	980	1,555
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,900	710	1,190	1,005	385	615
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	3,845	2,300	1,545	1,605	895	705
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	27,705	14,145	13,555	12,960	6,780	6,180
Single responses	26,375	13,375	13,000	12,645	6,565	6,080
Official languages	26,340	13,365	12,975	12,645	6,560	6,080
English	995	555	445	245	150	100
French	25,345	12,815	12,535	12,400	6,415	5,985
Non-official languages	35	10	25	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	30	0	20	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	30	10	20	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	25	10	20	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Portuguese	10	10	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	15	0	10	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Cantonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	0	0	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,330	775	555	315	215	100
English and French	1,255	745	515	300	205	95
English and non-official language	0	0	0	0	10	0
French and non-official language	50	15	30	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	30	15	15	10	0	10
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	27,705	14,145	13,555	12,960	6,780	6,180
None	19,935	10,050	9,880	10,230	5,205	5,020
English	6,835	3,580	3,255	2,540	1,455	1,080
French	790	415	375	175	110	70
Non-official language	85	60	25	15	10	10
Aboriginal	0	0	0	10	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	85	60	30	10	10	0
English and French	10	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	45	30	15	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	10	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	45,355	22,475	22,880	22,035	10,815	11,215
Non-movers	40,815	20,295	20,520	18,275	8,965	9,310
Movers	4,540	2,180	2,360	3,755	1,850	1,905
Non-migrants	2,025	965	1,060	3,000	1,470	1,530
Migrants	2,510	1,215	1,295	755	385	375
Internal migrants	2,480	1,205	1,275	695	355	345
Intraprovincial migrants	2,460	1,195	1,265	630	300	335
Interprovincial migrants	20	10	15	65	50	10
External migrants	35	10	20	60	30	30
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	42,960	21,225	21,730	21,140	10,385	10,755
Non-movers	27,790	13,900	13,885	12,200	5,875	6,320
Movers	15,165	7,320	7,845	8,945	4,510	4,435
Non-migrants	6,520	3,175	3,345	6,430	3,205	3,225
Migrants	8,645	4,145	4,500	2,510	1,305	1,205
Internal migrants	8,495	4,075	4,415	2,235	1,165	1,075
Intraprovincial migrants	8,430	4,050	4,380	2,085	1,080	1,005
Interprovincial migrants	65	30	35	150	85	65
External migrants	150	65	90	275	140	135

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Mascouche, V [Census subdivision], Quebec and Rouyn-Noranda [Population centre], Quebec (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 19, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Mascouche, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec and Rouyn-Noranda [Population centre], Quebec

Census Profile, 2016 Census Mascouche, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec and Rouyn-Noranda [Population centre], Quebec

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Mascouche, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec and Rouyn-Noranda [Population centre], Quebec