Census Profile, 2016 Census
Val-d'Or, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec and Truro [Census agglomeration], Nova Scotia

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Val-d'Or, V Quebec [Census subdivision]			Truro Nova Scotia [Census agglomeration]
	Data quality , Val-d'Or, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec Map : Val-d'Or, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec Change geography 1			Data quality : Truro [Census agglomeration], Nova Scotia Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	32,491	...	...	45,753	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	31,862	...	...	45,888	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	2.0	...	...	-0.3	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	15,352	...	...	22,478	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	14,565	...	...	20,095	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	9.2	...	...	16.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	3,550.70	...	...	2,733.13	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	32,490	16,410	16,085	45,750	21,980	23,775
0 to 14 years	5,430	2,815	2,615	6,965	3,505	3,460
0 to 4 years	1,765	870	895	2,105	1,035	1,075
5 to 9 years	1,925	1,045	885	2,445	1,250	1,200
10 to 14 years	1,740	905	840	2,410	1,215	1,190
15 to 64 years	21,715	11,105	10,610	29,055	14,060	14,990
15 to 19 years	1,790	945	845	2,650	1,350	1,305
20 to 24 years	1,940	995	945	2,500	1,240	1,260
25 to 29 years	2,080	1,090	990	2,275	1,100	1,180
30 to 34 years	2,020	1,080	935	2,385	1,105	1,280
35 to 39 years	1,995	980	1,010	2,420	1,130	1,295
40 to 44 years	1,920	985	940	2,820	1,355	1,465
45 to 49 years	2,015	1,005	1,005	3,040	1,490	1,545
50 to 54 years	2,690	1,375	1,315	3,720	1,810	1,910
55 to 59 years	2,880	1,430	1,450	3,815	1,825	1,990
60 to 64 years	2,380	1,205	1,175	3,435	1,660	1,770
65 years and over	5,350	2,485	2,860	9,730	4,420	5,315
65 to 69 years	1,885	950	940	3,130	1,530	1,595
70 to 74 years	1,370	660	715	2,450	1,190	1,260
75 to 79 years	920	430	495	1,690	750	940
80 to 84 years	630	265	365	1,215	550	665
85 years and over	530	185	350	1,250	400	855
85 to 89 years	385	140	245	755	275	480
90 to 94 years	120	40	80	380	100	275
95 to 99 years	25	5	20	105	25	90
100 years and over	0	0	0	10	5	5
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.7	17.2	16.3	15.2	15.9	14.6
15 to 64 years	66.8	67.7	66.0	63.5	64.0	63.0
65 years and over	16.5	15.1	17.8	21.3	20.1	22.4
85 years and over	1.6	1.1	2.2	2.7	1.8	3.6
Average age of the population	41.3	40.5	42.2	44.0	43.1	44.8
Median age of the population	42.5	41.4	43.8	46.4	45.7	47.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	14,565	...	...	20,095	...	...
Single-detached house	7,445	...	...	13,570	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	175	...	...	0	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	6,750	...	...	5,280	...	...
Semi-detached house	595	...	...	595	...	...
Row house	280	...	...	250	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,610	...	...	965	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	4,220	...	...	3,395	...	...
Other single-attached house	45	...	...	75	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	195	...	...	1,245	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	14,565	...	...	20,095	...	...
1 person	5,020	...	...	6,050	...	...
2 persons	5,335	...	...	7,975	...	...
3 persons	1,860	...	...	2,820	...	...
4 persons	1,555	...	...	2,215	...	...
5 or more persons	795	...	...	1,040	...	...
Number of persons in private households	31,790	...	...	44,900	...	...
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	27,060	13,595	13,470	38,785	18,480	20,310
Married or living common law	16,025	8,000	8,025	22,860	11,410	11,450
Married	7,520	3,755	3,770	18,415	9,190	9,220
Living common law	8,500	4,240	4,260	4,445	2,220	2,225
Not married and not living common law	11,035	5,595	5,445	15,930	7,070	8,865
Never married	7,530	4,385	3,145	9,260	4,860	4,400
Separated	320	150	170	1,370	580	790
Divorced	1,715	745	970	2,535	1,060	1,475
Widowed	1,475	320	1,155	2,770	565	2,200
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	9,230	...	...	13,595	...	...
2 persons	5,250	...	...	8,045	...	...
3 persons	1,790	...	...	2,665	...	...
4 persons	1,505	...	...	2,085	...	...
5 or more persons	680	...	...	795	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	9,225	...	...	13,590	...	...
Total couple families	7,880	...	...	11,255	...	...
Married couples	3,635	...	...	9,035	...	...
Common-law couples	4,250	...	...	2,225	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	1,345	...	...	2,340	...	...
Female parent	940	...	...	1,820	...	...
Male parent	405	...	...	520	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	7,880	...	...	11,255	...	...
Couples without children	4,415	...	...	6,570	...	...
Couples with children	3,465	...	...	4,690	...	...
1 child	1,390	...	...	2,050	...	...
2 children	1,415	...	...	1,900	...	...
3 or more children	660	...	...	745	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	1,345	...	...	2,340	...	...
1 child	840	...	...	1,475	...	...
2 children	400	...	...	620	...	...
3 or more children	110	...	...	240	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	6,265	3,345	2,920	8,250	3,760	4,480
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	14,565	...	...	20,095	...	...
One-census-family households	9,100	...	...	13,135	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	4,365	...	...	6,395	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	4,735	...	...	6,740	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	65	...	...	230	...	...
Non-census-family households	5,405	...	...	6,735	...	...
One-person households	5,015	...	...	6,055	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	385	...	...	680	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	32,160	16,280	15,880	45,165	21,780	23,390
English only	285	135	145	42,280	20,635	21,650
French only	21,245	10,165	11,085	5	0	5
English and French	10,615	5,970	4,645	2,845	1,130	1,710
Neither English nor French	20	10	10	40	15	25
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	32,160	16,275	15,880	45,170	21,780	23,385
English	1,100	535	565	44,680	21,570	23,115
French	30,905	15,670	15,240	425	190	235
English and French	135	65	70	30	10	20
Neither English nor French	15	5	5	30	15	15
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	1,165	575	600	440	195	245
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	3.6	3.5	3.8	1.0	0.9	1.0
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	32,160	16,280	15,880	45,165	21,780	23,385
Single responses	31,875	16,140	15,740	44,970	21,695	23,270
Official languages	31,160	15,780	15,380	43,920	21,200	22,720
English	880	435	445	43,445	20,990	22,455
French	30,285	15,355	14,935	470	210	265
Non-official languages	715	355	360	1,050	500	555
Aboriginal languages	235	95	135	110	40	70
Algonquian languages	225	95	130	105	40	65
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	125	55	70	0	0	0
Atikamekw	5	0	5	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	20	10	10	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	5	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	10	5	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	95	45	50	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	110	40	70
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	105	40	70
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	100	35	60	0	0	0
Algonquin	95	35	60	0	0	0
Ojibway	5	0	5	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	10	5	5	0	0	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	5	5	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	480	260	225	940	460	485
Afro-Asiatic languages	130	80	50	60	35	25
Berber languages	20	15	10	0	0	0
Kabyle	10	5	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	110	65	45	60	35	25
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	110	65	45	60	35	25
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0	5	15	5	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	15	5	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	15	0	10	90	35	55
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	5	0	5
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	5	0	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	10	80	35	50
Waray-Waray	5	0	5	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	15	5	10	5	5	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	5	5	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	20	10	10
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	5	5	0
Tamil	0	0	0	5	5	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	5
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	230	125	105	525	255	270
Albanian	0	0	0	5	0	5
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	70	40	25	65	30	35
Baltic languages	0	5	0	5	5	0
Latvian	0	0	0	5	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	5	0
Slavic languages	65	45	30	60	30	30
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	5	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	5	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	5	5	5	0	5
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	50	30	20	20	10	10
Russian	5	5	5	20	5	10
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	5	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	5	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	5	0	5	15	5	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	5	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	30	20	15	275	140	130
Afrikaans	0	0	0	5	5	5
Danish	0	0	0	5	0	0
Dutch	10	5	5	130	80	55
Frisian	0	0	0	5	5	0
German	20	10	10	115	55	65
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	10	5	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	10	5	5	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	5	0	100	45	50
Indo-Aryan languages	5	5	0	70	30	40
Bengali	5	5	0	5	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	5	0	0	0
Hindi	0	5	0	10	5	5
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	5
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	25	10	10
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	5	5	5
Urdu	0	0	0	15	5	10
Iranian languages	5	0	0	25	15	15
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	5	5	0
Persian (Farsi)	5	0	0	20	10	10
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	110	60	55	70	25	45
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	30	15	15	5	5	0
Portuguese	0	0	5	10	5	5
Romanian	15	5	5	5	5	5
Spanish	60	35	30	55	20	40
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	10	5	5
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	5	0	0	20	10	5
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	60	30	30	20	10	15
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Bamanankan	10	5	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	5	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	20	10	5	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	5
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	5	0	5
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	15	5	10	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	5	0	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	5	5	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	0	0	10	5	5
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	5	0	0	10	0	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	0	10	150	65	80
Chinese languages	10	5	10	150	70	80
Cantonese	10	0	5	40	15	20
Hakka	0	0	0	5	0	0
Mandarin	5	0	5	85	35	45
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	5	5	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	10	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5	5	0	0
Lao	5	5	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	5	0	0	5	5	5
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	5	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	20	10	10
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	5	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	15	10	5
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Multiple responses	285	145	140	200	85	115
English and French	190	95	90	75	30	50
English and non-official language	20	10	10	110	50	60
French and non-official language	65	30	30	0	0	5
English, French and non-official language	15	5	10	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	32,160	16,280	15,880	45,165	21,780	23,390
Single responses	31,745	16,055	15,690	44,880	21,655	23,230
Official languages	31,555	15,970	15,585	44,525	21,485	23,045
English	765	375	390	44,425	21,440	22,980
French	30,795	15,595	15,200	105	45	60
Non-official languages	185	85	100	360	165	190
Aboriginal languages	65	25	35	10	5	5
Algonquian languages	65	25	35	15	5	10
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	35	15	20	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	10	5	5	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	25	10	15	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	10	5	10
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	15	5	10
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	30	15	15	0	0	0
Algonquin	30	10	15	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	120	60	65	340	160	180
Afro-Asiatic languages	30	20	15	25	15	5
Berber languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	5	5	5	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	25	10	10	25	15	10
Amharic	0	0	0	0	5	0
Arabic	25	15	10	20	15	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	5	5	5	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	5	5	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	50	20	25
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	50	25	30
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	0	5	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	5	0	5
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	60	30	30	120	55	65
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	5	5	10	5	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	10	5	10	5	5	5
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	10	5	5	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	5	0	0	30	15	15
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	5	0	0	10	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	20	15	10
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	5	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	5	0	60	25	30
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	40	15	25
Bengali	0	0	0	5	5	5
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	10	5	5
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	15	5	5
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	10	5	5
Iranian languages	0	0	0	20	10	10
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	10	5	5
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	15	5	5
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	40	25	20	25	10	15
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	10	10	5	0	0	0
Spanish	25	15	10	25	10	20
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	10	10	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	15	5	10	5	5	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	5	5	5
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	5	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	5	0	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	20	10	15
American Sign Language	0	0	0	5	5	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	5	5	10	5	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	5	0	5	90	45	50
Chinese languages	5	0	5	95	40	50
Cantonese	5	0	0	15	5	10
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	65	30	35
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	0	0	10	5	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	5	0	5
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	415	220	195	285	125	155
English and French	210	120	90	65	30	35
English and non-official language	45	20	25	220	100	120
French and non-official language	135	70	65	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	25	15	10	5	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	32,160	16,280	15,880	45,165	21,780	23,385
None	29,600	14,945	14,655	43,945	21,255	22,695
English	1,800	955	845	225	105	120
French	375	190	190	490	190	300
Non-official language	315	155	165	480	225	255
Aboriginal	115	50	70	95	30	60
Non-Aboriginal	200	105	100	385	190	200
English and French	10	5	5	5	0	0
English and non-official language	45	25	15	5	5	0
French and non-official language	10	5	5	15	10	15
English, French and non-official language	0	0	5	0	5	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	26,375	13,335	13,040	37,960	18,190	19,775
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	25,780	13,115	12,665	36,530	17,490	19,040
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,964	46,179	28,008	29,986	37,228	24,764
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	25,780	13,115	12,670	36,550	17,495	19,055
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,684	39,197	25,555	27,145	32,570	23,127
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	23,000	12,065	10,935	31,540	15,525	16,020
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,084	44,499	24,590	28,144	35,707	22,434
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	18,455	8,405	10,055	27,650	12,070	15,580
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,889	7,676	7,990	7,709	8,197	7,352
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	19,435	10,445	8,995	25,380	12,835	12,550
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,170	48,488	27,016	29,208	36,105	24,044
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	26,375	13,320	13,055	37,965	18,195	19,770
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	25,820	13,125	12,700	36,485	17,485	19,005
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	47,265	59,172	34,962	37,928	44,304	32,059
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	25,825	13,120	12,700	36,500	17,485	19,020
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,037	45,973	29,837	31,844	36,426	27,631
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	22,935	12,005	10,930	31,515	15,515	16,000
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	45,630	57,881	32,175	36,397	43,162	29,836
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	18,455	8,515	9,940	27,620	11,980	15,645
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	9,423	9,582	9,286	8,574	8,764	8,428
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	19,435	10,435	9,005	25,380	12,805	12,575
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	47,202	58,765	33,802	36,144	42,113	30,064
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	26,375	13,325	13,055	37,965	18,195	19,770
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	8,605	4,910	3,700	12,565	6,815	5,750
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	50,757	60,560	39,856	44,605	49,815	39,375
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	60,905	72,102	46,051	51,142	56,187	45,163
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	85.8	89.5	79.2	82.9	86.5	78.2
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	74.7	78.7	67.7	66.7	70.0	62.4
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	14.2	10.5	20.8	17.1	13.5	21.8
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	26,375	13,335	13,040	37,960	18,190	19,775
Without total income	600	220	380	1,430	700	735
With total income	25,780	13,115	12,670	36,530	17,490	19,040
Percentage with total income	97.7	98.4	97.2	96.2	96.2	96.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,750	1,070	1,680	4,990	2,045	2,945
$10,000 to $19,999	4,385	1,595	2,790	7,250	2,625	4,625
$20,000 to $29,999	3,795	1,525	2,275	6,035	2,440	3,590
$30,000 to $39,999	3,315	1,475	1,840	5,055	2,310	2,740
$40,000 to $49,999	2,850	1,400	1,445	4,100	2,215	1,885
$50,000 to $59,999	2,185	1,300	890	2,705	1,680	1,025
$60,000 to $69,999	1,490	960	530	1,825	1,205	620
$70,000 to $79,999	1,315	825	490	1,430	875	560
$80,000 to $89,999	810	545	265	1,070	615	460
$90,000 to $99,999	620	480	145	615	405	210
$100,000 and over	2,250	1,940	315	1,450	1,080	375
$100,000 to $149,999	1,575	1,360	215	1,080	785	290
$150,000 and over	680	580	100	370	290	80
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	26,375	13,335	13,040	37,960	18,190	19,775
Without after-tax income	595	220	375	1,415	695	725
With after-tax income	25,785	13,115	12,665	36,550	17,495	19,050
Percentage with after-tax income	97.8	98.4	97.1	96.3	96.2	96.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,810	1,085	1,730	5,210	2,090	3,115
$10,000 to $19,999	4,680	1,705	2,975	7,685	2,820	4,865
$20,000 to $29,999	4,635	1,920	2,710	7,245	3,030	4,215
$30,000 to $39,999	4,320	2,025	2,290	6,155	3,085	3,070
$40,000 to $49,999	3,180	1,900	1,280	4,065	2,430	1,635
$50,000 to $59,999	2,080	1,340	740	2,450	1,580	870
$60,000 to $69,999	1,395	905	490	1,645	975	675
$70,000 to $79,999	895	715	180	835	550	285
$80,000 and over	1,790	1,525	265	1,255	930	325
$80,000 to $89,999	585	505	80	450	315	135
$90,000 to $99,999	370	315	60	260	195	65
$100,000 and over	835	705	125	550	420	125
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	26,375	13,330	13,040	37,960	18,190	19,775
Without employment income	6,940	2,890	4,050	12,580	5,355	7,225
With employment income	19,435	10,440	8,990	25,380	12,835	12,550
Percentage with employment income	73.7	78.3	68.9	66.9	70.6	63.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,075	1,010	1,065	3,620	1,665	1,960
$5,000 to $9,999	1,420	580	840	2,260	930	1,330
$10,000 to $19,999	2,525	980	1,545	3,635	1,510	2,125
$20,000 to $29,999	2,325	875	1,450	3,420	1,425	1,995
$30,000 to $39,999	2,230	950	1,275	3,240	1,530	1,705
$40,000 to $49,999	1,920	975	945	2,630	1,475	1,150
$50,000 to $59,999	1,565	985	580	1,830	1,175	655
$60,000 to $69,999	1,180	795	380	1,285	835	445
$70,000 to $79,999	1,100	690	410	1,095	665	430
$80,000 and over	3,100	2,595	500	2,375	1,635	740
$80,000 to $89,999	660	490	170	870	480	390
$90,000 to $99,999	550	435	115	470	330	145
$100,000 and over	1,895	1,680	210	1,040	825	215
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	14,565	...	...	20,095	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	64,864	...	...	55,521	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	55,601	...	...	49,179	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	5,020	...	...	6,050	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,467	...	...	27,088	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	28,308	...	...	25,149	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	9,545	...	...	14,045	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	89,104	...	...	70,847	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	74,271	...	...	62,065	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	14,565	...	...	20,095	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	83,792	...	...	68,866	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	67,432	...	...	57,843	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	5,010	...	...	6,060	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	42,876	...	...	35,487	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	34,896	...	...	29,895	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	9,555	...	...	14,035	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	105,232	...	...	83,277	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	84,480	...	...	69,909	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	14,565	...	...	20,095	...	...
Under $5,000	110	...	...	325	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	180	...	...	415	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	495	...	...	750	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	750	...	...	1,095	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	775	...	...	1,095	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	615	...	...	1,025	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	760	...	...	1,225	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	760	...	...	1,110	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	675	...	...	1,060	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	580	...	...	985	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,100	...	...	1,695	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	970	...	...	1,615	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	920	...	...	1,405	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	790	...	...	1,190	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	730	...	...	925	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,360	...	...	4,185	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,430	...	...	1,770	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,070	...	...	1,020	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,100	...	...	920	...	...
$200,000 and over	755	...	...	475	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	14,565	...	...	20,095	...	...
Under $5,000	120	...	...	335	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	180	...	...	430	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	505	...	...	750	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	795	...	...	1,165	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	880	...	...	1,265	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	725	...	...	1,255	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	985	...	...	1,390	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	875	...	...	1,315	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	825	...	...	1,210	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	665	...	...	1,095	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,315	...	...	2,125	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,185	...	...	1,770	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,035	...	...	1,490	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	905	...	...	1,125	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	725	...	...	850	...	...
$100,000 and over	2,845	...	...	2,525	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,370	...	...	1,355	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	715	...	...	620	...	...
$150,000 and over	760	...	...	550	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	9,265	...	...	13,515	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	89,708	...	...	70,884	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	74,567	...	...	62,031	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	4,300	...	...	6,270	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	77,158	...	...	65,713	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	65,382	...	...	57,594	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	3,485	...	...	4,750	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	126,387	...	...	96,973	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	101,740	...	...	82,412	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,310	...	...	2,190	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	53,376	...	...	42,470	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	47,462	...	...	39,520	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	9,255	...	...	13,520	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	105,768	...	...	83,375	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	84,766	...	...	69,912	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	4,300	...	...	6,285	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	89,877	...	...	74,189	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	73,122	...	...	62,686	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	3,500	...	...	4,715	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	143,727	...	...	111,508	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	112,414	...	...	91,631	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,290	...	...	2,200	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	60,922	...	...	48,631	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	51,855	...	...	43,285	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	5,810	3,125	2,685	7,525	3,460	4,065
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	30,598	36,807	25,047	26,466	29,325	24,615
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	27,523	32,046	24,000	24,427	26,525	23,424
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	5,820	3,215	2,610	7,475	3,430	4,040
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	41,451	49,463	31,571	34,354	35,547	33,341
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	33,916	38,959	27,697	29,068	29,288	28,881
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	31,785	16,140	15,645	44,900	21,675	23,225
In the bottom half of the distribution	15,680	7,600	8,085	28,000	13,185	14,815
In the bottom decile	2,270	1,075	1,190	5,305	2,465	2,845
In the second decile	3,310	1,470	1,845	6,425	2,760	3,665
In the third decile	3,315	1,605	1,715	5,805	2,715	3,090
In the fourth decile	3,360	1,680	1,680	5,505	2,750	2,755
In the fifth decile	3,420	1,765	1,655	4,960	2,495	2,465
In the top half of the distribution	16,110	8,545	7,565	16,900	8,490	8,410
In the sixth decile	3,640	1,920	1,720	4,600	2,315	2,285
In the seventh decile	3,580	1,890	1,695	4,155	2,085	2,075
In the eighth decile	3,580	1,880	1,700	3,750	1,870	1,875
In the ninth decile	2,815	1,515	1,300	2,690	1,355	1,335
In the top decile	2,495	1,340	1,150	1,705	860	845
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	31,790	16,145	15,645	44,090	21,285	22,805
0 to 17 years	6,465	3,370	3,095	8,270	4,165	4,100
0 to 5 years	2,130	1,055	1,080	2,490	1,235	1,255
18 to 64 years	20,530	10,465	10,060	26,770	12,905	13,865
65 years and over	4,790	2,300	2,490	9,050	4,210	4,840
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	3,880	1,760	2,120	8,305	3,680	4,620
0 to 17 years	680	335	345	1,980	975	1,010
0 to 5 years	260	120	135	725	340	380
18 to 64 years	2,130	1,020	1,115	4,560	2,055	2,505
65 years and over	1,060	405	660	1,760	650	1,110
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.2	10.9	13.6	18.8	17.3	20.3
0 to 17 years (%)	10.5	9.9	11.1	23.9	23.4	24.6
0 to 5 years (%)	12.2	11.4	12.5	29.1	27.5	30.3
18 to 64 years (%)	10.4	9.7	11.1	17.0	15.9	18.1
65 years and over (%)	22.1	17.6	26.5	19.4	15.4	22.9
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,465	720	745	2,990	1,440	1,550
0 to 17 years	240	125	115	650	315	340
0 to 5 years	90	45	50	235	100	135
18 to 64 years	1,145	575	575	2,225	1,085	1,145
65 years and over	75	30	50	110	40	70
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.6	4.5	4.8	6.8	6.8	6.8
0 to 17 years (%)	3.7	3.7	3.7	7.9	7.6	8.3
0 to 5 years (%)	4.2	4.3	4.6	9.4	8.1	10.8
18 to 64 years (%)	5.6	5.5	5.7	8.3	8.4	8.3
65 years and over (%)	1.6	1.3	2.0	1.2	1.0	1.4
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	31,785	16,145	15,645	44,905	21,675	23,230
Official languages	31,775	16,135	15,645	44,865	21,645	23,210
English	10,870	6,085	4,785	44,845	21,645	23,200
French	31,475	15,980	15,495	2,920	1,175	1,750
Non-official languages	1,580	740	845	1,765	805	960
Aboriginal languages	405	180	225	190	80	105
Algonquian languages	405	180	225	180	75	110
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	240	120	125	0	0	10
Atikamekw	20	10	10	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	95	40	55	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	10
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	130	70	60	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	180	75	105
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	180	75	105
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	170	65	110	0	0	0
Algonquin	170	65	105	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	10	0	10	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,170	555	615	1,580	730	850
Afro-Asiatic languages	195	120	70	90	45	45
Berber languages	50	25	25	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	45	25	20	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	170	110	60	90	40	50
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	170	110	60	90	45	45
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	10	10	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	0	0	10	10	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	30	10	25	125	40	85
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	10	0	10	10	0	10
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	10	25	125	40	85
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	30	25	10	15	10	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	30	20	10	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	15	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	25	10	10
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	20	10	15
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	740	345	395	975	430	545
Albanian	0	0	0	15	0	10
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	80	55	30	110	40	70
Baltic languages	0	0	0	15	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	15	0	10
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	80	50	30	95	40	60
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	70	45	25	15	10	10
Russian	10	10	0	55	15	40
Serbian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	10	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	10	10	0	35	20	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	25	10	20
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	20	10	20
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	40	15	30	395	190	205
Afrikaans	0	0	0	20	10	10
Danish	0	0	0	10	0	10
Dutch	10	0	10	165	85	85
Frisian	0	0	0	15	10	10
German	30	10	20	220	100	120
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	10	10	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	10	0	10	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	20	10	10	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	20	10	10	200	90	110
Indo-Aryan languages	10	0	0	175	75	100
Bengali	0	10	0	25	10	15
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	55	25	30
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	80	35	45
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	15	10	0
Urdu	0	0	0	45	20	25
Iranian languages	10	0	0	25	10	10
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	10	0	10	25	15	10
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	600	270	325	285	120	165
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	45	25	15	25	20	10
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Spanish	535	235	300	255	100	155
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	10	0	10	50	30	25
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	15	0	10	10	0	10
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	130	60	70	55	30	25
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Bamanankan	10	10	10	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	30	10	15	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	10	0	10
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	20	10	15	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	10	0	0	10	0	10
Wolof	25	10	15	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	40	15	20	20	20	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	10	65	25	35
American Sign Language	0	0	0	20	0	15
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	45	20	20
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	0	20	140	75	70
Chinese languages	25	10	20	140	75	70
Cantonese	15	0	15	55	30	30
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	10	10	80	35	45
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	10	0	10	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	15	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	15	10	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	20	15	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	15	10	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Uralic languages	0	10	0	30	10	20
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	10	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	25	10	20
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	10
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	31,790	16,140	15,645	44,900	21,675	23,225
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	31,445	15,960	15,485	43,980	21,200	22,775
Canadian citizens aged under 18	6,415	3,320	3,095	8,395	4,200	4,195
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	25,030	12,640	12,390	35,585	17,000	18,585
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	340	180	160	925	475	445
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	31,785	16,140	15,645	44,905	21,675	23,225
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	31,005	15,720	15,280	42,835	20,645	22,190
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	710	365	350	1,785	870	925
Before 1981	200	115	80	810	435	375
1981 to 1990	45	25	25	160	90	70
1991 to 2000	40	15	25	180	55	120
2001 to 2010	195	110	90	300	120	180
2001 to 2005	90	50	40	165	70	100
2006 to 2010	105	55	45	135	50	85
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	225	95	125	345	170	175
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	70	55	15	280	165	110
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	715	365	350	1,790	870	925
Under 5 years	135	55	80	275	135	145
5 to 14 years	65	40	25	365	175	190
15 to 24 years	140	70	65	315	145	175
25 to 44 years	350	180	175	690	355	335
45 years and over	10	10	0	140	60	80
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	710	360	350	1,790	870	925
Americas	80	45	40	435	210	225
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	15	10	10	10	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0	0	10
Guyana	0	0	0	0	10	0
Haiti	20	15	10	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	20	15	0
Mexico	10	0	0	25	0	10
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	15	10	0	325	150	180
Other places of birth in Americas	20	10	0	50	25	30
Europe	245	150	95	860	420	435
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	15	10	10
France	105	50	55	10	0	0
Germany	35	25	10	90	50	40
Greece	20	10	10	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	25	0	15
Italy	20	20	0	15	10	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	145	85	55
Poland	0	0	0	10	0	10
Portugal	0	0	0	10	0	0
Romania	20	15	10	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	10	0	10
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	10	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	10	10	0	460	220	240
Other places of birth in Europe	45	25	15	65	25	40
Africa	295	150	145	65	50	20
Algeria	80	40	40	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	45	30	20	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	15	10	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	20	15	10
Other places of birth in Africa	165	85	85	30	20	10
Asia	90	20	70	410	175	235
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	10	10	10
China^{Census data footnote 59}	15	0	10	60	15	45
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	70	35	35
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	10	0	10	20	10	15
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	10	0	10	0	0	0
Lebanon	15	10	0	30	20	15
Pakistan	0	0	0	35	15	15
Philippines	30	0	25	115	45	75
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	10	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	10	0	10	10	0
Taiwan	0	0	10	0	0	10
Viet Nam	10	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	10	40	15	20
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	20	10	10
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	225	100	130	345	175	175
Americas	10	0	10	65	45	25
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	10	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	20	10	10
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	0	0	0	35	25	15
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	15	10	10
Europe	40	20	20	110	45	60
France	30	20	10	10	0	10
Germany	0	0	0	10	10	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	0	0	0	90	35	55
Other places of birth in Europe	10	0	0	0	0	0
Africa	150	60	90	15	10	0
Algeria	15	0	10	0	0	0
Cameroon	20	10	15	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	15	0	15	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	20	10	10	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	15	0	15	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	15	10	10
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	60	30	30	10	10	0
Asia	30	15	15	145	65	80
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	45	25	25
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	15	10	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	20	0	10	85	30	55
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	10	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	10	0	10
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	10	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	10	10	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	10	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	31,790	16,140	15,645	44,905	21,675	23,225
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	810	430	380	2,235	1,100	1,135
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	855	400	455	3,100	1,475	1,625
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	30,120	15,305	14,810	39,565	19,100	20,470
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	540	265	275	1,000	445	555
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	305	175	125	605	290	320
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	195	145	50	245	160	80
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	110	35	75	365	130	235
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	195	70	125	365	135	225
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	30	15	15	30	10	15
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	10	0	10	0	0	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	31,790	16,140	15,650	44,900	21,675	23,230
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	1,540	775	765	2,455	1,150	1,300
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	1,500	755	750	2,385	1,130	1,260
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	1,005	450	560	1,770	830	935
Métis	480	300	185	570	270	300
Inuk (Inuit)	10	0	0	45	25	20
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	15	10	0	30	10	10
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	30	15	15	45	15	30
Non-Aboriginal identity	30,245	15,365	14,885	42,450	20,525	21,925
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	31,785	16,140	15,645	44,900	21,675	23,230
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	1,015	485	525	1,490	680	810
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	30,775	15,655	15,125	43,405	20,995	22,415
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	31,790	16,140	15,645	44,900	21,675	23,230
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	900	405	495	835	420	420
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	875	385	490	835	420	420
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	745	305	435	790	400	390
Métis single ancestry	130	80	55	40	15	25
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	15	10	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	20	20	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	25	20	10	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	1,160	585	575	2,540	1,110	1,430
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	1,140	585	550	2,485	1,095	1,390
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	875	425	450	1,765	785	980
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	225	145	85	665	290	375
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	35	10	20	55	25	30
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	25	0	20	55	15	40
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	25	10	20	55	15	45
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	29,730	15,150	14,575	41,525	20,145	21,375
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	31,790	16,140	15,645	44,900	21,675	23,225
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	670	280	385	1,635	830	800
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	0	10	0	245	110	130
Chinese	50	10	40	135	55	85
Black	330	145	190	830	485	345
Filipino	30	0	20	145	70	75
Latin American	60	30	30	70	25	45
Arab	120	70	50	75	35	45
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	35	0	25	55	20	30
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	10	0	10	30	15	15
Korean	15	10	10	15	10	0
Japanese	0	0	0	20	0	15
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	10	0	0	15	10	10
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	31,120	15,860	15,265	43,270	20,845	22,425
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	31,785	16,140	15,645	44,905	21,675	23,230
North American Aboriginal origins	2,060	990	1,065	3,380	1,530	1,855
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,665	755	910	2,605	1,195	1,415
Inuit	35	15	20	70	35	35
Métis	405	245	165	755	310	445
Other North American origins	25,315	12,870	12,445	20,885	10,035	10,850
Acadian	90	30	55	750	345	405
American	135	70	65	310	160	155
Canadian	24,560	12,480	12,075	20,070	9,645	10,425
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	15	10	0	40	30	10
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	95	45	45
Ontarian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Québécois	740	390	345	10	10	0
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	9,515	4,925	4,595	30,630	14,635	15,985
British Isles origins	2,220	1,115	1,105	26,915	12,870	14,045
Channel Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0	0	0
English	505	250	250	13,360	6,375	6,985
Irish	1,455	715	740	9,595	4,380	5,220
Manx	0	0	0	10	0	0
Scottish	520	300	215	16,175	7,775	8,400
Welsh	10	0	0	670	300	375
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	45	30	20	840	325	510
French origins	7,110	3,670	3,440	5,520	2,585	2,935
Alsatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	35	10	20	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	7,085	3,665	3,420	5,520	2,585	2,935
Western European origins (except French origins)	835	420	420	5,440	2,515	2,930
Austrian	70	35	35	100	50	45
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	100	60	40	130	45	85
Dutch	155	85	75	1,670	760	910
Flemish	0	0	0	10	10	10
Frisian	0	0	0	10	0	10
German	480	225	255	3,825	1,775	2,050
Luxembourger	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss	50	25	20	195	80	115
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	35	20	10	845	365	485
Danish	0	0	0	265	130	140
Finnish	15	0	10	65	25	40
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	220	100	125
Swedish	20	15	0	225	80	150
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	10	10	0	110	55	55
Eastern European origins	440	220	220	1,070	495	570
Bulgarian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	20	0	20
Czech	0	0	0	40	35	10
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	0	0	0	20	10	10
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	35	15	20	95	25	60
Latvian	0	0	0	45	20	25
Lithuanian	10	10	0	40	10	30
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	260	120	140	395	205	185
Romanian	20	15	0	30	0	20
Russian	25	20	10	150	60	95
Slovak	10	0	0	30	15	10
Ukrainian	80	50	35	360	185	175
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	0	0	0	0	10	0
Southern European origins	445	255	190	890	435	455
Albanian	10	0	0	15	10	15
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	10	35	10	20
Cypriot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	20	10	10	45	25	25
Italian	270	155	115	500	250	255
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	20	15	0
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	40	25	15	105	50	55
Serbian	0	0	0	15	0	15
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Spanish	100	55	45	155	75	75
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	15	10	0	0	0	10
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	45	20	20	105	60	45
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jewish	0	10	0	35	25	10
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	30	15	15	75	40	30
Caribbean origins	90	30	55	150	85	60
Antiguan	0	0	0	15	0	15
Bahamian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Bermudan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dominican	20	10	20	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	25	15	10	0	0	0
Jamaican	30	0	25	80	55	30
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	0	10	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	0	0	10	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	10	0	10	25	20	10
Latin, Central and South American origins	75	30	45	125	60	60
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	10	10	0
Colombian	20	10	15	20	15	10
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	15	0	20
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	15	10	0
Hispanic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexican	20	10	10	50	25	25
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Panamanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uruguayan	10	10	10	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	15	10	15	0	0	10
African origins	515	260	255	685	325	365
Central and West African origins	155	80	75	50	25	25
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	10
Angolan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	10	10	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	10	0	10	0	0	0
Cameroonian	40	25	20	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Congolese	10	10	10	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Peulh	25	15	10	0	0	0
Senegalese	25	10	15	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	35	20	20	0	0	0
North African origins	225	115	105	60	10	50
Algerian	100	45	55	0	0	0
Berber	65	40	25	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	25	0	25
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	75	40	30	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	10	0	10
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	30	10	15
Southern and East African origins	75	30	45	60	30	30
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	20	10	15	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	10	0	10
Malagasy	0	10	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	25	15	15	0	0	0
Seychellois	10	0	10	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	15	0	15
South African	0	0	0	15	15	10
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	10	0	0	25	15	10
Other African origins	60	25	35	520	255	265
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	0	0	0	120	55	70
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	55	25	30	405	210	195
Asian origins	295	115	185	1,025	500	530
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	140	65	75	320	165	150
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	50	35	10	15	0	15
Armenian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	25	10	15	35	10	25
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	45	15	35	200	115	80
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Syrian	15	10	10	25	10	15
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	0	0	0	25	10	10
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins	10	10	0	275	140	135
Bangladeshi	0	10	0	25	0	15
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	15	0	10
East Indian	0	10	0	185	100	85
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	20	15	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	30	15	20
Sinhalese	0	0	0	20	10	15
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	0	0	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	145	35	110	375	170	205
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese	75	20	55	205	90	115
Filipino	30	10	25	115	60	55
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	10	10	0	20	0	20
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	15	0	10	25	15	15
Laotian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	10	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	15	0	10
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	30	10	30	10	10	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	0	0	0	50	20	35
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	0	0	0	55	20	35
Oceania origins	10	10	0	55	20	35
Australian	0	10	0	35	15	20
New Zealander	0	0	0	20	0	15
Pacific Islands origins	0	0	0	10	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	14,565	...	...	20,095	...	...
Owner	9,215	...	...	13,650	...	...
Renter	5,355	...	...	6,190	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	255	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	14,565	...	...	20,095	...	...
Condominium	895	...	...	280	...	...
Not condominium	13,665	...	...	19,815	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	14,565	...	...	20,095	...	...
No bedrooms	65	...	...	30	...	...
1 bedroom	2,205	...	...	2,195	...	...
2 bedrooms	4,010	...	...	5,805	...	...
3 bedrooms	5,180	...	...	7,735	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	3,100	...	...	4,330	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	14,565	...	...	20,095	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	4,535	...	...	4,735	...	...
5 rooms	2,935	...	...	3,475	...	...
6 rooms	1,665	...	...	3,220	...	...
7 rooms	1,665	...	...	2,835	...	...
8 or more rooms	3,760	...	...	5,835	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.9	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	14,565	...	...	20,095	...	...
One person or fewer per room	14,515	...	...	20,005	...	...
More than 1 person per room	45	...	...	95	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	14,565	...	...	20,095	...	...
Suitable	14,325	...	...	19,640	...	...
Not suitable	240	...	...	460	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	14,565	...	...	20,095	...	...
1960 or before	3,320	...	...	5,330	...	...
1961 to 1980	4,920	...	...	5,750	...	...
1981 to 1990	2,940	...	...	3,055	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,540	...	...	2,580	...	...
2001 to 2005	265	...	...	1,110	...	...
2006 to 2010	710	...	...	1,375	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	870	...	...	895	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	14,565	...	...	20,095	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	13,545	...	...	18,305	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,025	...	...	1,790	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	14,565	...	...	20,095	...	...
1 household maintainer	9,330	...	...	12,300	...	...
2 household maintainers	5,145	...	...	7,560	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	95	...	...	230	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	14,565	...	...	20,095	...	...
15 to 24 years	710	...	...	640	...	...
25 to 34 years	2,195	...	...	2,265	...	...
35 to 44 years	2,290	...	...	2,985	...	...
45 to 54 years	2,800	...	...	3,800	...	...
55 to 64 years	3,270	...	...	4,315	...	...
65 to 74 years	2,120	...	...	3,445	...	...
75 to 84 years	960	...	...	1,965	...	...
85 years and over	220	...	...	670	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	14,550	...	...	19,585	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	12,190	...	...	15,500	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	2,360	...	...	4,080	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,140	...	...	3,670	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	9,200	...	...	13,445	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	61.2	...	...	52.3	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	9.5	...	...	10.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	985	...	...	733	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,025	...	...	854	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	219,983	...	...	160,619	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	238,933	...	...	183,530	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	5,355	...	...	6,170	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	10.5	...	...	11.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	27.6	...	...	44.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	629	...	...	748	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	679	...	...	776	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	26,375	13,325	13,055	37,965	18,195	19,770
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,215	3,915	3,300	8,115	4,370	3,745
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	5,345	2,390	2,960	10,325	5,125	5,205
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,815	7,020	6,795	19,525	8,695	10,825
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,715	3,660	2,050	3,820	2,770	1,050
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	4,350	2,585	1,770	2,145	1,325	820
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	1,365	1,080	285	1,675	1,445	230
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	3,890	1,770	2,120	8,685	3,015	5,665
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	885	320	560	815	265	550
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	3,325	1,265	2,060	6,200	2,640	3,560
Bachelor's degree	2,490	880	1,615	4,065	1,650	2,415
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	285	115	170	375	160	220
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	85	40	50	215	105	105
Master's degree	410	190	220	1,400	625	775
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	55	40	10	145	100	45
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	17,860	9,120	8,740	23,770	11,395	12,370
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,690	2,065	1,620	3,175	1,910	1,265
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	3,205	1,485	1,720	6,380	3,250	3,135
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	10,975	5,565	5,405	14,215	6,240	7,975
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,590	2,845	1,740	2,575	1,915	650
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	3,550	2,030	1,515	1,405	880	520
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	1,040	815	225	1,165	1,035	135
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	2,930	1,390	1,545	6,405	2,285	4,120
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	635	260	370	540	165	375
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	2,820	1,070	1,745	4,695	1,865	2,830
Bachelor's degree	2,085	740	1,345	3,135	1,250	1,890
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	230	100	135	265	100	170
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	80	30	45	185	75	105
Master's degree	380	170	210	1,020	390	630
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	45	30	10	90	55	35
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	26,375	13,325	13,055	37,960	18,195	19,770
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	12,565	6,305	6,260	18,435	9,495	8,945
Education	1,160	220	945	1,900	525	1,370
13. Education	1,165	220	945	1,895	525	1,370
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	300	100	200	335	170	165
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	35	20	15	80	60	15
50. Visual and performing arts	265	75	190	255	110	150
Humanities	390	165	220	730	295	435
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	15	0	20	50	0	50
23. English language and literature/letters	10	0	0	130	35	95
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	320	135	185	170	70	95
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10	10	0	55	30	20
39. Theology and religious vocations	10	10	0	140	70	75
54. History	25	15	10	150	80	65
55. French language and literature/letters	0	0	0	35	0	35
Social and behavioural sciences and law	915	220	695	1,715	405	1,310
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	10	15	0	15
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	105	30	80	65	40	30
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	255	15	245	580	30	550
22. Legal professions and studies	155	60	95	330	45	280
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	30	0	30	25	0	25
42. Psychology	225	60	170	275	70	205
45. Social sciences	125	50	75	420	215	200
Business, management and public administration	2,985	800	2,180	3,915	990	2,920
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	10	0	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	285	35	250	435	100	335
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,690	765	1,925	3,475	890	2,585
Physical and life sciences and technologies	345	260	85	585	295	285
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	40	10	25	235	95	140
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	25	20	0	150	80	75
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	65	45	15	10	0	10
40. Physical sciences	195	170	30	135	115	20
41. Science technologies/technicians	20	10	10	45	10	40
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	275	165	105	585	330	255
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	230	160	75	480	290	185
25. Library science	35	0	25	40	0	40
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	0	0	55	40	15
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	4,155	3,885	270	3,840	3,650	190
04. Architecture and related services	55	45	15	50	25	20
14. Engineering	395	335	60	340	290	55
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,185	1,070	115	605	535	75
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	835	820	20	1,050	1,050	10
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,145	1,100	45	1,335	1,310	25
48. Precision production	545	520	20	450	445	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	385	280	105	1,080	645	435
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	120	45	70	730	365	370
03. Natural resources and conservation	270	230	40	350	285	70
Health and related fields	1,680	260	1,410	3,165	425	2,745
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	80	40	45	160	95	65
51. Health professions and related programs	1,565	210	1,360	2,960	285	2,670
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	30	15	10	50	45	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,225	665	560	1,680	965	715
12. Personal and culinary services	630	145	485	830	245	590
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	10	0	50	45	0
43. Security and protective services	230	175	55	305	205	95
49. Transportation and materials moving	360	340	20	495	470	25
Other	10	0	10	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	0	10	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	17,860	9,120	8,745	23,770	11,395	12,375
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	6,890	3,555	3,340	9,550	5,160	4,395
Education	750	145	610	1,275	305	975
13. Education	755	140	610	1,275	300	975
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	250	85	165	240	115	125
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	30	20	10	50	35	10
50. Visual and performing arts	220	65	155	185	70	115
Humanities	255	105	150	495	195	300
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	15	0	15	25	10	25
23. English language and literature/letters	10	10	0	85	20	70
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	195	80	115	135	55	85
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	10	10	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	40	15	20
39. Theology and religious vocations	15	10	10	60	35	25
54. History	20	10	10	115	60	50
55. French language and literature/letters	0	0	10	30	0	25
Social and behavioural sciences and law	710	155	555	1,395	305	1,085
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	10	10	0	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	85	25	65	55	35	25
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	200	10	185	465	20	435
22. Legal professions and studies	135	45	90	300	30	265
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	25	0	25	20	0	20
42. Psychology	170	30	135	215	50	165
45. Social sciences	95	45	50	335	170	165
Business, management and public administration	2,505	645	1,855	2,765	710	2,060
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	10	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	220	25	195	365	85	285
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,270	620	1,655	2,395	625	1,775
Physical and life sciences and technologies	250	195	50	420	210	205
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	20	10	15	190	80	110
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	15	15	0	110	50	60
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	10	15	0	15	0	15
40. Physical sciences	185	150	30	90	75	10
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	10	0	20	10	15
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	255	155	100	490	285	200
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	210	145	65	425	265	165
25. Library science	35	0	30	25	0	25
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	10	0	35	25	15
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	3,365	3,125	240	2,800	2,635	165
04. Architecture and related services	50	40	15	30	10	20
14. Engineering	350	295	60	255	210	45
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	980	890	95	450	375	75
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	655	635	20	785	785	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	905	865	40	985	960	20
48. Precision production	420	400	15	300	295	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	320	240	75	825	465	355
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	90	35	55	545	255	295
03. Natural resources and conservation	230	205	25	270	210	65
Health and related fields	1,350	205	1,150	2,275	315	1,960
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	65	30	35	115	65	50
51. Health professions and related programs	1,255	160	1,100	2,120	215	1,905
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	25	15	10	40	35	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	965	520	445	1,240	705	535
12. Personal and culinary services	505	110	390	630	190	445
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	10	0	10	10	0
43. Security and protective services	170	135	35	245	170	80
49. Transportation and materials moving	290	265	25	350	335	15
Other	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	10	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	26,375	13,325	13,055	37,965	18,195	19,770
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,565	6,305	6,260	18,440	9,490	8,945
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	13,815	7,020	6,795	19,525	8,700	10,825
Location of study inside Canada	13,470	6,835	6,635	18,540	8,210	10,325
Same as province or territory of residence	13,010	6,590	6,425	14,615	6,185	8,430
Different than province or territory of residence	455	245	210	3,920	2,030	1,895
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	345	185	160	985	485	500
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	35	25	10	390	210	180
Philippines	30	0	25	55	15	45
India	0	0	0	50	25	25
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	0	0	0	195	110	90
China^{Census data footnote 162}	0	0	0	10	0	0
France	95	60	30	0	0	0
Other	180	85	95	285	115	160
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	17,865	9,120	8,745	23,765	11,395	12,375
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,890	3,555	3,335	9,555	5,155	4,395
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	10,970	5,565	5,405	14,215	6,235	7,975
Location of study inside Canada	10,715	5,430	5,280	13,525	5,950	7,575
Same as province or territory of residence	10,340	5,230	5,110	10,780	4,565	6,215
Different than province or territory of residence	370	205	170	2,745	1,390	1,360
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	255	130	125	690	285	400
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	15	15	0	250	100	150
Philippines	10	0	15	50	15	30
India	0	0	0	30	20	15
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	0	0	0	140	65	70
China^{Census data footnote 162}	0	0	0	10	10	0
France	80	50	30	10	10	0
Other	155	75	80	220	90	130
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	26,375	13,320	13,055	37,960	18,190	19,770
In the labour force	17,605	9,455	8,150	22,905	11,695	11,205
Employed	16,540	8,800	7,745	20,820	10,450	10,370
Unemployed	1,065	655	410	2,085	1,250	835
Not in the labour force	8,770	3,865	4,905	15,060	6,495	8,565
Participation rate	66.7	71.0	62.4	60.3	64.3	56.7
Employment rate	62.7	66.1	59.3	54.8	57.4	52.5
Unemployment rate	6.0	6.9	5.0	9.1	10.7	7.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	26,375	13,320	13,055	37,960	18,195	19,770
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	7,880	3,420	4,465	13,735	5,875	7,860
Worked	18,495	9,905	8,590	24,230	12,320	11,910
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	8,710	4,955	3,750	12,865	7,000	5,860
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	9,785	4,945	4,835	11,365	5,315	6,050
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.8	41.8	41.7	42.4	42.6	42.2
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	17,605	9,455	8,155	22,905	11,695	11,205
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	285	145	140	355	175	185
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	17,320	9,310	8,010	22,545	11,520	11,020
Employee	15,865	8,535	7,330	20,385	10,230	10,155
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	1,455	775	680	2,160	1,290	870
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	17,605	9,460	8,150	22,905	11,695	11,205
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	290	150	140	360	175	185
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	17,320	9,305	8,005	22,545	11,520	11,025
0 Management occupations	1,455	870	585	2,050	1,205	840
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,345	610	1,735	3,095	910	2,180
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,070	870	200	1,030	795	235
3 Health occupations	1,090	170	920	1,665	235	1,425
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,040	460	1,580	2,815	855	1,965
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	245	110	130	475	190	280
6 Sales and service occupations	4,095	1,555	2,535	5,240	2,000	3,235
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	3,185	2,980	205	4,025	3,785	230
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,250	1,190	65	845	700	145
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	530	490	45	1,300	835	470
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	17,605	9,460	8,155	22,900	11,695	11,210
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	290	145	140	360	175	185
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	17,320	9,310	8,005	22,540	11,520	11,020
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	240	175	70	1,020	755	260
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	2,410	2,125	285	210	195	10
22 Utilities	90	80	10	85	50	30
23 Construction	910	735	175	1,545	1,385	165
31-33 Manufacturing	1,130	995	130	2,225	1,505	725
41 Wholesale trade	565	445	120	1,045	760	285
44-45 Retail trade	2,285	920	1,365	3,185	1,450	1,730
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	800	555	245	1,190	930	255
51 Information and cultural industries	450	200	250	255	155	100
52 Finance and insurance	345	100	245	435	190	245
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	195	110	85	210	115	90
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	825	450	370	830	380	445
55 Management of companies and enterprises	10	0	0	25	10	15
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	585	365	220	810	540	265
61 Educational services	1,175	255	915	1,820	590	1,230
62 Health care and social assistance	2,280	370	1,910	2,950	455	2,490
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	195	80	110	415	190	225
72 Accommodation and food services	1,265	480	790	1,490	485	1,010
81 Other services (except public administration)	915	500	410	1,080	530	550
91 Public administration	660	360	300	1,735	845	890
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	16,540	8,800	7,740	20,820	10,450	10,375
Worked at home	590	225	360	1,475	740	740
Worked outside Canada	25	25	0	55	40	20
No fixed workplace address	1,295	1,060	240	2,550	1,895	660
Worked at usual place	14,635	7,490	7,140	16,730	7,785	8,950
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	14,635	7,490	7,140	16,730	7,785	8,950
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	12,485	5,975	6,510	6,370	2,995	3,380
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	920	550	370	7,750	3,225	4,530
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,135	890	245	2,370	1,400	970
Commute to a different province or territory	95	80	15	240	170	75
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	15,930	8,550	7,380	19,280	9,675	9,610
Car, truck, van - as a driver	13,300	7,190	6,110	16,560	8,405	8,155
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	785	395	385	1,350	595	755
Public transit	85	45	45	90	50	40
Walked	1,115	455	655	990	450	540
Bicycle	110	90	15	75	50	25
Other method	530	370	155	220	115	105
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	15,930	8,550	7,375	19,280	9,675	9,610
Less than 15 minutes	9,875	4,735	5,140	8,715	3,970	4,750
15 to 29 minutes	3,515	1,920	1,595	6,255	2,905	3,345
30 to 44 minutes	990	645	350	1,775	1,115	665
45 to 59 minutes	580	430	155	1,095	675	415
60 minutes and over	970	825	145	1,445	1,010	430
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	15,930	8,550	7,380	19,280	9,670	9,610
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,185	1,065	120	1,395	990	410
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	2,265	1,735	525	3,470	1,920	1,555
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	5,730	2,815	2,915	5,955	3,105	2,850
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	3,100	1,060	2,040	3,780	1,385	2,400
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,145	395	750	1,590	520	1,070
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,505	1,480	1,020	3,090	1,755	1,335
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	18,960	10,140	8,815	24,920	12,640	12,275
Single responses	18,265	9,765	8,500	24,850	12,615	12,230
Official languages	18,260	9,770	8,500	24,830	12,605	12,230
English	465	265	200	24,700	12,595	12,105
French	17,795	9,500	8,295	135	10	120
Non-official languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	10	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	10	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	10	0	10	15	10	10
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	10	10	10
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	10	10	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	0	10	0	10
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	10	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cantonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	690	375	315	70	25	45
English and French	670	370	300	50	15	35
English and non-official language	15	0	15	25	10	15
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	10	0	0	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	18,955	10,140	8,820	24,915	12,640	12,275
None	14,355	7,700	6,660	24,475	12,460	12,015
English	4,205	2,245	1,955	85	15	70
French	295	155	135	270	135	140
Non-official language	70	30	40	75	30	45
Aboriginal	45	25	25	35	20	10
Non-Aboriginal	20	10	20	40	10	30
English and French	0	0	0	10	0	0
English and non-official language	25	0	20	0	0	0
French and non-official language	10	0	0	0	0	10
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	31,415	15,935	15,480	44,505	21,470	23,030
Non-movers	27,180	13,810	13,370	39,055	18,840	20,210
Movers	4,230	2,125	2,105	5,455	2,630	2,825
Non-migrants	3,140	1,565	1,580	2,980	1,450	1,530
Migrants	1,090	560	525	2,480	1,180	1,300
Internal migrants	990	510	480	2,295	1,065	1,230
Intraprovincial migrants	920	485	440	1,710	785	920
Interprovincial migrants	65	25	40	585	285	305
External migrants	100	50	50	180	110	65
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	30,035	15,245	14,790	42,830	20,705	22,130
Non-movers	19,205	9,815	9,390	28,330	13,855	14,475
Movers	10,830	5,425	5,400	14,505	6,855	7,655
Non-migrants	7,650	3,890	3,765	7,850	3,750	4,105
Migrants	3,180	1,540	1,640	6,655	3,105	3,550
Internal migrants	2,940	1,415	1,525	6,075	2,790	3,285
Intraprovincial migrants	2,785	1,325	1,455	4,435	2,010	2,425
Interprovincial migrants	155	90	65	1,640	775	865
External migrants	235	125	115	585	315	270

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Val-d'Or, V [Census subdivision], Quebec and Truro [Census agglomeration], Nova Scotia (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 7, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Val-d'Or, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec and Truro [Census agglomeration], Nova Scotia

Census Profile, 2016 Census Val-d'Or, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec and Truro [Census agglomeration], Nova Scotia

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How to cite

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Val-d'Or, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec and Truro [Census agglomeration], Nova Scotia