Census Profile, 2016 Census
Val-d'Or, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec and Fort Erie, Town [Census subdivision], Ontario

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Val-d'Or, V Quebec [Census subdivision]			Fort Erie, T Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Data quality , Val-d'Or, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec Map : Val-d'Or, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec Change geography 1			Data quality : Fort Erie, Town [Census subdivision], Ontario Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	32,491	...	...	30,710	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	31,862	...	...	29,960	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	2.0	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	15,352	...	...	15,345	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	14,565	...	...	13,184	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	9.2	...	...	184.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	3,550.70	...	...	166.27	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	32,490	16,410	16,085	30,710	14,955	15,755
0 to 14 years	5,430	2,815	2,615	4,260	2,175	2,085
0 to 4 years	1,765	870	895	1,265	630	625
5 to 9 years	1,925	1,045	885	1,430	730	700
10 to 14 years	1,740	905	840	1,565	810	755
15 to 64 years	21,715	11,105	10,610	19,160	9,375	9,790
15 to 19 years	1,790	945	845	1,655	840	810
20 to 24 years	1,940	995	945	1,540	795	740
25 to 29 years	2,080	1,090	990	1,340	670	675
30 to 34 years	2,020	1,080	935	1,370	675	700
35 to 39 years	1,995	980	1,010	1,495	710	785
40 to 44 years	1,920	985	940	1,660	805	855
45 to 49 years	2,015	1,005	1,005	2,045	980	1,065
50 to 54 years	2,690	1,375	1,315	2,605	1,285	1,315
55 to 59 years	2,880	1,430	1,450	2,735	1,305	1,430
60 to 64 years	2,380	1,205	1,175	2,725	1,305	1,415
65 years and over	5,350	2,485	2,860	7,290	3,410	3,875
65 to 69 years	1,885	950	940	2,515	1,205	1,305
70 to 74 years	1,370	660	715	1,775	880	895
75 to 79 years	920	430	495	1,240	605	630
80 to 84 years	630	265	365	875	395	485
85 years and over	530	185	350	880	325	560
85 to 89 years	385	140	245	545	225	320
90 to 94 years	120	40	80	270	80	185
95 to 99 years	25	5	20	65	20	50
100 years and over	0	0	0	5	0	5
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.7	17.2	16.3	13.9	14.5	13.2
15 to 64 years	66.8	67.7	66.0	62.4	62.7	62.1
65 years and over	16.5	15.1	17.8	23.7	22.8	24.6
85 years and over	1.6	1.1	2.2	2.9	2.2	3.6
Average age of the population	41.3	40.5	42.2	46.0	45.1	46.8
Median age of the population	42.5	41.4	43.8	50.0	49.0	50.7
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	14,565	...	...	13,185	...	...
Single-detached house	7,445	...	...	10,860	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	175	...	...	310	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	6,750	...	...	1,995	...	...
Semi-detached house	595	...	...	255	...	...
Row house	280	...	...	300	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,610	...	...	470	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	4,220	...	...	930	...	...
Other single-attached house	45	...	...	40	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	195	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	14,565	...	...	13,185	...	...
1 person	5,020	...	...	3,680	...	...
2 persons	5,335	...	...	5,385	...	...
3 persons	1,860	...	...	1,855	...	...
4 persons	1,555	...	...	1,455	...	...
5 or more persons	795	...	...	815	...	...
Number of persons in private households	31,790	...	...	30,275	...	...
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	27,060	13,595	13,470	26,450	12,780	13,670
Married or living common law	16,025	8,000	8,025	15,750	7,865	7,890
Married	7,520	3,755	3,770	13,115	6,555	6,555
Living common law	8,500	4,240	4,260	2,635	1,305	1,330
Not married and not living common law	11,035	5,595	5,445	10,700	4,920	5,785
Never married	7,530	4,385	3,145	5,910	3,250	2,655
Separated	320	150	170	980	430	545
Divorced	1,715	745	970	1,885	850	1,040
Widowed	1,475	320	1,155	1,935	395	1,540
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	9,230	...	...	9,350	...	...
2 persons	5,250	...	...	5,600	...	...
3 persons	1,790	...	...	1,790	...	...
4 persons	1,505	...	...	1,345	...	...
5 or more persons	680	...	...	615	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	9,225	...	...	9,350	...	...
Total couple families	7,880	...	...	7,745	...	...
Married couples	3,635	...	...	6,430	...	...
Common-law couples	4,250	...	...	1,320	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	1,345	...	...	1,605	...	...
Female parent	940	...	...	1,225	...	...
Male parent	405	...	...	370	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	7,880	...	...	7,750	...	...
Couples without children	4,415	...	...	4,590	...	...
Couples with children	3,465	...	...	3,160	...	...
1 child	1,390	...	...	1,355	...	...
2 children	1,415	...	...	1,235	...	...
3 or more children	660	...	...	570	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	1,345	...	...	1,600	...	...
1 child	840	...	...	1,010	...	...
2 children	400	...	...	430	...	...
3 or more children	110	...	...	160	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	6,265	3,345	2,920	5,045	2,310	2,740
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	14,565	...	...	13,180	...	...
One-census-family households	9,100	...	...	8,965	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	4,365	...	...	4,430	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	4,735	...	...	4,540	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	65	...	...	190	...	...
Non-census-family households	5,405	...	...	4,025	...	...
One-person households	5,015	...	...	3,680	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	385	...	...	345	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	32,160	16,280	15,880	30,350	14,830	15,520
English only	285	135	145	28,810	14,185	14,630
French only	21,245	10,165	11,085	15	5	5
English and French	10,615	5,970	4,645	1,415	600	815
Neither English nor French	20	10	10	110	45	60
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	32,160	16,275	15,880	30,350	14,830	15,520
English	1,100	535	565	29,735	14,565	15,170
French	30,905	15,670	15,240	470	215	260
English and French	135	65	70	45	20	30
Neither English nor French	15	5	5	100	40	60
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	1,165	575	600	495	220	275
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	3.6	3.5	3.8	1.6	1.5	1.8
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	32,160	16,280	15,880	30,350	14,830	15,525
Single responses	31,875	16,140	15,740	30,065	14,695	15,370
Official languages	31,160	15,780	15,380	27,735	13,600	14,135
English	880	435	445	27,235	13,365	13,870
French	30,285	15,355	14,935	500	230	265
Non-official languages	715	355	360	2,325	1,100	1,230
Aboriginal languages	235	95	135	15	10	10
Algonquian languages	225	95	130	5	0	5
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	125	55	70	0	0	0
Atikamekw	5	0	5	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	20	10	10	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	5	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	10	5	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	95	45	50	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	100	35	60	0	0	0
Algonquin	95	35	60	0	0	0
Ojibway	5	0	5	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	5	5	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	15	5	10
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	480	260	225	2,310	1,090	1,220
Afro-Asiatic languages	130	80	50	65	35	30
Berber languages	20	15	10	0	0	0
Kabyle	10	5	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	5
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	110	65	45	60	35	30
Amharic	0	0	0	5	5	5
Arabic	110	65	45	35	20	10
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	5	5	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	5	0	5
Maltese	0	0	0	15	10	5
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0	5	20	5	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	20	10	15
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	15	0	10	80	25	55
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	10	5	5
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	5
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	10	65	15	45
Waray-Waray	5	0	5	5	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	15	5	10	45	20	20
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	5	5	40	20	20
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	5	5	0
Tamil	0	0	0	5	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	230	125	105	1,735	840	900
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	70	40	25	320	150	170
Baltic languages	0	5	0	10	5	10
Latvian	0	0	0	5	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Slavic languages	65	45	30	305	145	160
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	5	5	0
Croatian	0	5	0	35	15	20
Czech	0	5	5	10	10	10
Macedonian	0	0	0	5	5	0
Polish	50	30	20	100	40	55
Russian	5	5	5	40	15	25
Serbian	0	0	0	25	10	15
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	5
Slovak	0	5	0	25	10	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	5	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	5	0	5	55	30	25
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	30	20	15	465	220	250
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	5
Danish	0	0	0	10	10	0
Dutch	10	5	5	140	60	85
Frisian	0	0	0	0	5	0
German	20	10	10	295	140	155
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	5
Swedish	0	0	0	5	5	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	10	5	5	50	25	20
Indo-Iranian languages	10	5	0	100	55	50
Indo-Aryan languages	5	5	0	65	35	30
Bengali	5	5	0	5	5	5
Gujarati	0	0	5	20	10	10
Hindi	0	5	0	10	5	5
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	5	5	5
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	10	5	5
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	20	10	10
Iranian languages	5	0	0	35	15	15
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	10	5	5
Persian (Farsi)	5	0	0	25	5	15
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	110	60	55	800	390	410
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	30	15	15	410	205	200
Portuguese	0	0	5	65	35	35
Romanian	15	5	5	15	10	10
Spanish	60	35	30	305	140	165
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	5	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	10	5	10
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	5	0	0	55	25	30
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	60	30	30	20	10	15
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	5	0
Bamanankan	10	5	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	20	10	5	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	5	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	5	5	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	5	0	5
Wolof	15	5	10	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	5	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	5	5	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	0	0	5	0	5
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	5	0	0	5	5	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	0	10	180	85	90
Chinese languages	10	5	10	180	90	85
Cantonese	10	0	5	75	40	35
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	5	0	5	65	35	30
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	10	20
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5	5	0	5
Lao	5	5	0	5	0	5
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	20	10	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	5	0	0	15	5	10
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	75	30	40
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	10	0	5
Hungarian	0	0	0	65	30	35
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Multiple responses	285	145	140	285	135	155
English and French	190	95	90	80	35	50
English and non-official language	20	10	10	185	95	90
French and non-official language	65	30	30	15	5	10
English, French and non-official language	15	5	10	5	5	0
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	32,160	16,280	15,880	30,350	14,830	15,520
Single responses	31,745	16,055	15,690	29,885	14,610	15,275
Official languages	31,555	15,970	15,585	29,145	14,285	14,855
English	765	375	390	29,055	14,255	14,805
French	30,795	15,595	15,200	90	35	55
Non-official languages	185	85	100	740	330	410
Aboriginal languages	65	25	35	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	65	25	35	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	35	15	20	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	10	5	5	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	25	10	15	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	30	15	15	0	0	0
Algonquin	30	10	15	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	120	60	65	740	325	415
Afro-Asiatic languages	30	20	15	10	10	5
Berber languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	5	5	5	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	25	10	10	10	5	10
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	25	15	10	5	0	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	5
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	5	10	0	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	10	0	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	20	10	10
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	5	5	5
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	15	10	5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	5	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	0	5	25	10	15
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	25	10	15
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	60	30	30	485	205	280
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	5	5	85	40	45
Baltic languages	0	0	0	10	0	5
Latvian	0	0	0	5	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	5	5	0
Slavic languages	10	5	10	75	40	40
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	15	5	10
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	10	5	5	25	15	10
Russian	0	0	0	10	0	5
Serbian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	5	5	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Germanic languages	5	0	0	40	15	25
Afrikaans	0	0	0	5	5	5
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	5	0	0	0	0	5
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	30	15	20
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	5	0	0	15	10	5
Indo-Iranian languages	0	5	0	50	25	30
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	30	15	20
Bengali	0	0	0	5	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	10	5	5
Hindi	0	0	0	0	5	5
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	10	0	10
Iranian languages	0	0	0	25	10	10
Kurdish	0	0	0	5	5	0
Pashto	0	0	0	10	5	5
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	40	25	20	295	115	175
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	5	0	0	100	35	70
Portuguese	0	0	0	25	15	15
Romanian	10	10	5	0	0	0
Spanish	25	15	10	165	70	90
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	5
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	40	20	20
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	15	5	10	0	0	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	5	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
American Sign Language	0	0	0	5	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	5	5	5	5	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	5	0	5	110	55	60
Chinese languages	5	0	5	110	55	55
Cantonese	5	0	0	45	25	25
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	45	25	20
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	10	15
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	5	0	5
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	0	0	5	5	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	5	5	5
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	415	220	195	470	220	250
English and French	210	120	90	30	10	20
English and non-official language	45	20	25	415	195	215
French and non-official language	135	70	65	15	10	0
English, French and non-official language	25	15	10	10	5	5
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	32,160	16,280	15,880	30,355	14,830	15,520
None	29,600	14,945	14,655	28,900	14,170	14,730
English	1,800	955	845	340	155	185
French	375	190	190	275	120	160
Non-official language	315	155	165	800	370	425
Aboriginal	115	50	70	35	15	15
Non-Aboriginal	200	105	100	765	355	410
English and French	10	5	5	5	0	5
English and non-official language	45	25	15	0	0	5
French and non-official language	10	5	5	30	15	15
English, French and non-official language	0	0	5	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	26,375	13,335	13,040	26,020	12,620	13,400
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	25,780	13,115	12,665	25,065	12,175	12,890
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,964	46,179	28,008	30,591	37,178	25,588
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	25,780	13,115	12,670	25,080	12,180	12,900
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,684	39,197	25,555	28,093	33,601	24,069
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	23,000	12,065	10,935	21,985	10,945	11,045
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,084	44,499	24,590	27,150	33,843	21,575
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	18,455	8,405	10,055	19,390	8,910	10,480
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,889	7,676	7,990	8,312	8,428	8,195
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	19,435	10,445	8,995	16,835	8,710	8,130
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,170	48,488	27,016	28,260	33,674	24,188
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	26,375	13,320	13,055	26,020	12,615	13,405
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	25,820	13,125	12,700	25,100	12,190	12,915
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	47,265	59,172	34,962	39,790	46,277	33,668
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	25,825	13,120	12,700	25,125	12,185	12,935
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,037	45,973	29,837	34,147	39,260	29,329
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	22,935	12,005	10,930	21,960	10,825	11,140
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	45,630	57,881	32,175	37,513	44,619	30,607
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	18,455	8,515	9,940	19,200	8,885	10,320
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	9,423	9,582	9,286	9,110	9,119	9,103
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	19,435	10,435	9,005	16,835	8,625	8,215
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	47,202	58,765	33,802	37,454	42,981	31,656
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	26,375	13,325	13,055	26,020	12,610	13,405
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	8,605	4,910	3,700	7,645	4,225	3,415
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	50,757	60,560	39,856	47,746	53,393	42,288
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	60,905	72,102	46,051	57,570	63,462	50,286
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	85.8	89.5	79.2	82.2	85.8	77.4
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	74.7	78.7	67.7	62.9	65.5	59.2
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	14.2	10.5	20.8	17.8	14.2	22.6
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	26,375	13,335	13,040	26,020	12,620	13,400
Without total income	600	220	380	955	440	510
With total income	25,780	13,115	12,670	25,065	12,175	12,890
Percentage with total income	97.7	98.4	97.2	96.3	96.5	96.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,750	1,070	1,680	3,345	1,370	1,980
$10,000 to $19,999	4,385	1,595	2,790	4,800	1,825	2,975
$20,000 to $29,999	3,795	1,525	2,275	4,165	1,745	2,415
$30,000 to $39,999	3,315	1,475	1,840	3,425	1,615	1,805
$40,000 to $49,999	2,850	1,400	1,445	2,725	1,395	1,330
$50,000 to $59,999	2,185	1,300	890	1,925	1,105	815
$60,000 to $69,999	1,490	960	530	1,330	860	470
$70,000 to $79,999	1,315	825	490	915	600	310
$80,000 to $89,999	810	545	265	650	420	235
$90,000 to $99,999	620	480	145	570	355	210
$100,000 and over	2,250	1,940	315	1,215	875	340
$100,000 to $149,999	1,575	1,360	215	875	620	250
$150,000 and over	680	580	100	345	255	85
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	26,375	13,335	13,040	26,020	12,615	13,400
Without after-tax income	595	220	375	940	440	505
With after-tax income	25,785	13,115	12,665	25,080	12,180	12,900
Percentage with after-tax income	97.8	98.4	97.1	96.4	96.6	96.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,810	1,085	1,730	3,495	1,405	2,090
$10,000 to $19,999	4,680	1,705	2,975	5,000	1,905	3,100
$20,000 to $29,999	4,635	1,920	2,710	4,825	2,045	2,780
$30,000 to $39,999	4,320	2,025	2,290	3,880	1,940	1,940
$40,000 to $49,999	3,180	1,900	1,280	2,885	1,595	1,295
$50,000 to $59,999	2,080	1,340	740	1,770	1,135	635
$60,000 to $69,999	1,395	905	490	1,140	765	375
$70,000 to $79,999	895	715	180	800	520	285
$80,000 and over	1,790	1,525	265	1,280	885	390
$80,000 to $89,999	585	505	80	475	315	160
$90,000 to $99,999	370	315	60	255	170	85
$100,000 and over	835	705	125	550	400	155
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	26,375	13,330	13,040	26,020	12,620	13,405
Without employment income	6,940	2,890	4,050	9,185	3,910	5,275
With employment income	19,435	10,440	8,990	16,835	8,710	8,130
Percentage with employment income	73.7	78.3	68.9	64.7	69.0	60.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,075	1,010	1,065	2,865	1,525	1,340
$5,000 to $9,999	1,420	580	840	1,445	610	835
$10,000 to $19,999	2,525	980	1,545	2,380	995	1,385
$20,000 to $29,999	2,325	875	1,450	2,060	885	1,170
$30,000 to $39,999	2,230	950	1,275	1,945	895	1,050
$40,000 to $49,999	1,920	975	945	1,585	790	795
$50,000 to $59,999	1,565	985	580	1,195	700	500
$60,000 to $69,999	1,180	795	380	885	585	295
$70,000 to $79,999	1,100	690	410	595	415	185
$80,000 and over	3,100	2,595	500	1,880	1,305	575
$80,000 to $89,999	660	490	170	495	320	175
$90,000 to $99,999	550	435	115	475	295	180
$100,000 and over	1,895	1,680	210	910	690	220
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	14,565	...	...	13,180	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	64,864	...	...	60,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	55,601	...	...	54,951	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	5,020	...	...	3,680	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,467	...	...	30,902	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	28,308	...	...	28,468	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	9,545	...	...	9,505	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	89,104	...	...	75,386	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	74,271	...	...	67,539	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	14,565	...	...	13,180	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	83,792	...	...	75,758	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	67,432	...	...	65,070	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	5,010	...	...	3,680	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	42,876	...	...	38,529	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	34,896	...	...	32,895	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	9,555	...	...	9,505	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	105,232	...	...	90,154	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	84,480	...	...	77,513	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	14,565	...	...	13,185	...	...
Under $5,000	110	...	...	155	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	180	...	...	180	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	495	...	...	410	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	750	...	...	575	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	775	...	...	640	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	615	...	...	635	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	760	...	...	670	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	760	...	...	720	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	675	...	...	690	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	580	...	...	660	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,100	...	...	1,165	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	970	...	...	1,030	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	920	...	...	995	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	790	...	...	830	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	730	...	...	715	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,360	...	...	3,130	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,430	...	...	1,225	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,070	...	...	770	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,100	...	...	700	...	...
$200,000 and over	755	...	...	430	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	14,565	...	...	13,185	...	...
Under $5,000	120	...	...	175	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	180	...	...	190	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	505	...	...	410	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	795	...	...	600	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	880	...	...	725	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	725	...	...	715	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	985	...	...	760	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	875	...	...	795	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	825	...	...	810	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	665	...	...	705	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,315	...	...	1,360	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,185	...	...	1,245	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,035	...	...	1,020	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	905	...	...	835	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	725	...	...	635	...	...
$100,000 and over	2,845	...	...	2,195	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,370	...	...	1,080	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	715	...	...	510	...	...
$150,000 and over	760	...	...	600	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	9,265	...	...	9,250	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	89,708	...	...	75,375	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	74,567	...	...	67,442	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	4,300	...	...	4,335	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	77,158	...	...	70,183	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	65,382	...	...	62,374	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	3,485	...	...	3,205	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	126,387	...	...	99,235	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	101,740	...	...	87,232	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,310	...	...	1,500	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	53,376	...	...	47,462	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	47,462	...	...	44,873	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	9,255	...	...	9,245	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	105,768	...	...	89,991	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	84,766	...	...	77,359	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	4,300	...	...	4,325	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	89,877	...	...	83,449	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	73,122	...	...	70,955	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	3,500	...	...	3,205	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	143,727	...	...	112,849	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	112,414	...	...	96,925	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,290	...	...	1,490	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	60,922	...	...	60,853	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	51,855	...	...	54,524	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	5,810	3,125	2,685	4,475	2,090	2,380
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	30,598	36,807	25,047	29,487	31,360	28,000
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	27,523	32,046	24,000	27,323	28,672	26,293
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	5,820	3,215	2,610	4,445	2,025	2,415
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	41,451	49,463	31,571	37,490	40,424	35,029
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	33,916	38,959	27,697	32,068	34,482	30,044
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	31,785	16,140	15,645	30,275	14,790	15,490
In the bottom half of the distribution	15,680	7,600	8,085	17,060	8,130	8,930
In the bottom decile	2,270	1,075	1,190	3,110	1,490	1,630
In the second decile	3,310	1,470	1,845	3,585	1,645	1,940
In the third decile	3,315	1,605	1,715	3,635	1,730	1,910
In the fourth decile	3,360	1,680	1,680	3,430	1,650	1,780
In the fifth decile	3,420	1,765	1,655	3,290	1,615	1,680
In the top half of the distribution	16,110	8,545	7,565	13,220	6,660	6,555
In the sixth decile	3,640	1,920	1,720	3,275	1,615	1,660
In the seventh decile	3,580	1,890	1,695	2,870	1,445	1,425
In the eighth decile	3,580	1,880	1,700	2,825	1,425	1,395
In the ninth decile	2,815	1,515	1,300	2,510	1,285	1,225
In the top decile	2,495	1,340	1,150	1,740	885	850
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	31,790	16,145	15,645	30,280	14,790	15,485
0 to 17 years	6,465	3,370	3,095	5,260	2,720	2,535
0 to 5 years	2,130	1,055	1,080	1,515	760	755
18 to 64 years	20,530	10,465	10,060	18,065	8,770	9,300
65 years and over	4,790	2,300	2,490	6,955	3,300	3,650
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	3,880	1,760	2,120	4,850	2,260	2,595
0 to 17 years	680	335	345	1,215	665	550
0 to 5 years	260	120	135	390	220	165
18 to 64 years	2,130	1,020	1,115	2,855	1,290	1,565
65 years and over	1,060	405	660	775	300	475
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.2	10.9	13.6	16.0	15.3	16.8
0 to 17 years (%)	10.5	9.9	11.1	23.1	24.4	21.7
0 to 5 years (%)	12.2	11.4	12.5	25.7	28.9	21.9
18 to 64 years (%)	10.4	9.7	11.1	15.8	14.7	16.8
65 years and over (%)	22.1	17.6	26.5	11.1	9.1	13.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,465	720	745	1,840	900	935
0 to 17 years	240	125	115	400	215	185
0 to 5 years	90	45	50	120	70	50
18 to 64 years	1,145	575	575	1,295	625	670
65 years and over	75	30	50	140	60	80
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.6	4.5	4.8	6.1	6.1	6.0
0 to 17 years (%)	3.7	3.7	3.7	7.6	7.9	7.3
0 to 5 years (%)	4.2	4.3	4.6	7.9	9.2	6.6
18 to 64 years (%)	5.6	5.5	5.7	7.2	7.1	7.2
65 years and over (%)	1.6	1.3	2.0	2.0	1.8	2.2
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	31,785	16,145	15,645	30,275	14,790	15,485
Official languages	31,775	16,135	15,645	30,205	14,765	15,440
English	10,870	6,085	4,785	30,195	14,755	15,440
French	31,475	15,980	15,495	1,435	610	820
Non-official languages	1,580	740	845	3,150	1,460	1,695
Aboriginal languages	405	180	225	75	30	40
Algonquian languages	405	180	225	20	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	240	120	125	0	0	0
Atikamekw	20	10	10	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	95	40	55	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	130	70	60	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	170	65	110	20	0	10
Algonquin	170	65	105	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	20	10	10
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	10	0	10	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	50	10	35
Cayuga	0	0	0	20	0	20
Mohawk	0	0	0	25	0	20
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,170	555	615	3,080	1,430	1,650
Afro-Asiatic languages	195	120	70	120	60	60
Berber languages	50	25	25	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	45	25	20	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	170	110	60	115	55	60
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	170	110	60	90	45	45
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	10	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	15	15	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	10	10	0	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	0	0	10	10	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	30	10	25	100	25	75
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	10	0	10	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	10	25	100	25	75
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	10	0	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	30	25	10	75	30	45
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	30	20	10	75	25	45
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	10	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	10	10	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	740	345	395	2,370	1,150	1,215
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	80	55	30	425	205	225
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	80	50	30	425	205	225
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	10	10	10
Croatian	0	0	0	30	0	15
Czech	0	0	0	15	10	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Polish	70	45	25	225	110	120
Russian	10	10	0	70	40	30
Serbian	0	0	0	35	15	25
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Slovak	10	0	0	25	0	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	10	10	0	75	35	40
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	10
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Germanic languages	40	15	30	585	275	310
Afrikaans	0	0	0	10	10	10
Danish	0	0	0	30	20	15
Dutch	10	0	10	180	80	100
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	30	10	20	355	180	180
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	10	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	10	0	10	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Greek	20	10	10	55	20	35
Indo-Iranian languages	20	10	10	240	125	115
Indo-Aryan languages	10	0	0	145	85	60
Bengali	0	10	0	15	10	10
Gujarati	0	0	0	30	25	15
Hindi	0	0	0	45	25	15
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	35	25	15
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	65	30	35
Iranian languages	10	0	0	95	45	50
Kurdish	0	0	0	10	0	10
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	10	0	10	80	35	45
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	600	270	325	1,115	555	555
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	45	25	15	560	285	275
Portuguese	0	0	0	110	55	55
Romanian	20	10	10	35	25	20
Spanish	535	235	300	445	220	225
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Japanese	10	0	10	20	0	15
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	15	0	10	75	30	45
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	130	60	70	40	15	25
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	10	10	10	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	30	10	15	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	20	10	15	10	10	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	10	0	0	15	0	10
Wolof	25	10	15	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	10	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	40	15	20	25	10	15
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	10	40	15	30
American Sign Language	0	0	0	10	0	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	35	15	15
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	0	20	160	75	85
Chinese languages	25	10	20	150	70	80
Cantonese	15	0	15	90	50	40
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	10	10	55	30	25
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	0	20
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	10
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	10	10	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	10	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	10	10	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	10	0	130	55	75
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	15	0	10
Hungarian	0	0	0	115	50	65
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	31,790	16,140	15,645	30,275	14,790	15,485
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	31,445	15,960	15,485	28,660	14,165	14,495
Canadian citizens aged under 18	6,415	3,320	3,095	5,055	2,615	2,440
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	25,030	12,640	12,390	23,605	11,555	12,050
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	340	180	160	1,620	625	990
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	31,785	16,140	15,645	30,280	14,790	15,485
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	31,005	15,720	15,280	25,230	12,460	12,775
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	710	365	350	4,830	2,230	2,600
Before 1981	200	115	80	2,920	1,310	1,615
1981 to 1990	45	25	25	535	260	270
1991 to 2000	40	15	25	620	300	315
2001 to 2010	195	110	90	520	240	275
2001 to 2005	90	50	40	285	125	160
2006 to 2010	105	55	45	230	115	120
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	225	95	125	245	120	120
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	70	55	15	215	100	110
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	715	365	350	4,830	2,230	2,600
Under 5 years	135	55	80	740	380	360
5 to 14 years	65	40	25	1,010	515	500
15 to 24 years	140	70	65	1,210	490	715
25 to 44 years	350	180	175	1,520	650	870
45 years and over	10	10	0	355	200	155
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	710	360	350	4,830	2,230	2,600
Americas	80	45	40	1,760	695	1,060
Brazil	0	0	0	15	10	10
Colombia	15	10	10	40	15	25
El Salvador	0	0	0	90	45	45
Guyana	0	0	0	30	20	15
Haiti	20	15	10	20	10	15
Jamaica	0	0	0	35	20	20
Mexico	10	0	0	35	25	15
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	10	0	10
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	15	10	0	1,360	510	850
Other places of birth in Americas	20	10	0	125	50	70
Europe	245	150	95	2,360	1,185	1,175
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	15	0	10
Croatia	0	0	0	25	15	10
France	105	50	55	15	10	10
Germany	35	25	10	215	105	110
Greece	20	10	10	15	10	10
Hungary	0	0	0	45	20	20
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	40	15	30
Italy	20	20	0	310	160	150
Netherlands	0	0	0	170	70	100
Poland	0	0	0	115	65	55
Portugal	0	0	0	65	35	30
Romania	20	15	10	45	25	20
Russian Federation	0	0	0	10	0	0
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	0	0	0	10	10	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	45	30	20
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	10	10	0	1,060	540	515
Other places of birth in Europe	45	25	15	150	65	80
Africa	295	150	145	100	70	35
Algeria	80	40	40	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	10	10	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenya	0	0	0	15	15	0
Morocco	45	30	20	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	10	10	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	25	15	10
Other places of birth in Africa	165	85	85	35	20	20
Asia	90	20	70	580	270	315
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	15	10	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	15	0	10	80	45	30
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	50	25	30
India	0	0	0	70	40	30
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	10	0	10	45	25	20
Iraq	0	0	0	10	10	10
Japan	0	0	0	10	0	10
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	10	0	10	55	25	30
Lebanon	15	10	0	10	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	35	15	25
Philippines	30	0	25	95	25	70
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	10	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	10	10	0	10
Viet Nam	10	0	0	10	10	10
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	10	85	40	45
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	25	20	15
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	225	100	130	245	125	120
Americas	10	0	10	145	65	80
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	10	25	10	15
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	10	0	10
Jamaica	0	0	0	10	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	20	15	10
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	0	0	0	45	20	25
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	40	10	25
Europe	40	20	20	0	0	0
France	30	20	10	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	10	0	0	0	0	0
Africa	150	60	90	40	35	10
Algeria	15	0	10	0	0	0
Cameroon	20	10	15	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	15	0	15	10	10	0
Côte d'Ivoire	20	10	10	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	15	0	15	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	15	15	10
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	60	30	30	20	15	0
Asia	30	15	15	60	25	35
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	0	0	0	10	10	10
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	15	10	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	10	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	10	10	0
Lebanon	15	10	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	20	0	10	15	0	10
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	31,790	16,140	15,645	30,275	14,790	15,485
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	810	430	380	5,325	2,475	2,850
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	855	400	455	6,520	3,145	3,375
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	30,120	15,305	14,810	18,430	9,165	9,260
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	540	265	275	2,005	965	1,040
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	305	175	125	640	375	260
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	195	145	50	280	215	65
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	110	35	75	355	165	195
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	195	70	125	940	355	580
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	30	15	15	405	230	180
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	10	0	10	25	10	20
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	31,790	16,140	15,650	30,275	14,790	15,490
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	1,540	775	765	1,395	650	745
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	1,500	755	750	1,350	630	715
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	1,005	450	560	1,005	480	530
Métis	480	300	185	340	155	190
Inuk (Inuit)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	15	10	0	15	10	10
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	30	15	15	30	15	20
Non-Aboriginal identity	30,245	15,365	14,885	28,880	14,135	14,740
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	31,785	16,140	15,645	30,280	14,790	15,490
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	1,015	485	525	660	305	355
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	30,775	15,655	15,125	29,620	14,485	15,135
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	31,790	16,140	15,645	30,275	14,790	15,490
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	900	405	495	385	185	195
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	875	385	490	385	185	195
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	745	305	435	340	160	180
Métis single ancestry	130	80	55	45	25	20
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	20	20	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	25	20	10	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	1,160	585	575	1,525	760	760
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	1,140	585	550	1,500	745	750
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	875	425	450	1,200	590	605
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	225	145	85	295	150	140
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	35	10	20	10	10	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	25	0	20	25	20	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	25	10	20	25	15	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	29,730	15,150	14,575	28,375	13,840	14,530
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	31,790	16,140	15,645	30,275	14,790	15,490
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	670	280	385	1,555	780	775
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	0	10	0	170	100	70
Chinese	50	10	40	210	100	105
Black	330	145	190	365	215	145
Filipino	30	0	20	115	30	80
Latin American	60	30	30	290	140	150
Arab	120	70	50	105	55	55
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	35	0	25	45	10	30
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	10	0	10	70	25	40
Korean	15	10	10	90	40	50
Japanese	0	0	0	20	0	15
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	10	10	0	60	35	30
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	10	0	0	20	10	10
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	31,120	15,860	15,265	28,725	14,015	14,710
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	31,785	16,140	15,645	30,280	14,790	15,490
North American Aboriginal origins	2,060	990	1,065	1,910	945	955
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,665	755	910	1,565	770	795
Inuit	35	15	20	10	0	0
Métis	405	245	165	360	190	170
Other North American origins	25,315	12,870	12,445	9,910	4,840	5,070
Acadian	90	30	55	40	20	15
American	135	70	65	895	400	495
Canadian	24,560	12,480	12,075	9,270	4,590	4,675
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	10	0	10
Newfoundlander	15	10	0	35	20	15
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	10	10	10
Ontarian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Québécois	740	390	345	15	0	10
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	9,515	4,925	4,595	24,195	11,745	12,445
British Isles origins	2,220	1,115	1,105	16,370	7,815	8,550
Channel Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0	0	0
English	505	250	250	9,945	4,765	5,180
Irish	1,455	715	740	6,295	2,895	3,400
Manx	0	0	0	10	0	15
Scottish	520	300	215	6,315	3,020	3,295
Welsh	10	0	0	690	320	370
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	45	30	20	685	310	380
French origins	7,110	3,670	3,440	3,825	1,895	1,930
Alsatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	35	10	20	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	7,085	3,665	3,420	3,820	1,895	1,925
Western European origins (except French origins)	835	420	420	7,870	3,755	4,125
Austrian	70	35	35	220	115	110
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	100	60	40	175	75	100
Dutch	155	85	75	1,900	880	1,020
Flemish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	480	225	255	6,125	2,955	3,165
Luxembourger	0	0	0	10	0	0
Swiss	50	25	20	145	65	85
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	35	20	10	730	300	430
Danish	0	0	0	95	40	50
Finnish	15	0	10	145	70	75
Icelandic	0	0	0	30	10	20
Norwegian	0	0	0	175	65	110
Swedish	20	15	0	320	130	190
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	10	10	0	10	0	0
Eastern European origins	440	220	220	4,075	1,965	2,110
Bulgarian	10	0	10	20	15	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0	10	10
Czech	0	0	0	80	50	35
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	0	0	0	75	30	45
Estonian	0	0	0	15	15	0
Hungarian	35	15	20	975	440	535
Latvian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Lithuanian	10	10	0	55	40	15
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	260	120	140	1,735	815	920
Romanian	20	15	0	200	100	100
Russian	25	20	10	320	175	145
Slovak	10	0	0	150	80	80
Ukrainian	80	50	35	960	445	510
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	0	0	0	10	0	0
Southern European origins	445	255	190	4,020	2,040	1,980
Albanian	10	0	0	0	0	10
Bosnian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	10	180	65	115
Cypriot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	20	10	10	150	95	55
Italian	270	155	115	2,910	1,500	1,415
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	50	30	20
Maltese	0	0	0	115	55	55
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	40	25	15	185	75	105
Serbian	0	0	0	65	40	30
Sicilian	0	0	0	45	30	15
Slovenian	0	0	0	50	25	25
Spanish	100	55	45	315	140	175
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	15	10	0	115	75	45
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	45	20	20	165	100	65
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jewish	0	10	0	40	30	15
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	30	15	15	110	65	45
Caribbean origins	90	30	55	290	140	150
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Barbadian	0	0	0	40	25	15
Bermudan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	25	10	10
Dominican	20	10	20	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	25	15	10	65	20	45
Jamaican	30	0	25	85	40	45
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	40	30	10
St. Lucian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	0	0	10	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	10	0	10	25	20	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	75	30	45	255	140	120
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	15	0	10
Colombian	20	10	15	45	20	30
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	30	15	10
Hispanic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexican	20	10	10	80	60	25
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Panamanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	65	35	35
Uruguayan	10	10	10	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	10	0	10
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	15	10	15	0	0	0
African origins	515	260	255	190	110	75
Central and West African origins	155	80	75	25	20	10
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	10	0	10	0	0	0
Cameroonian	40	25	20	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Congolese	10	10	10	10	10	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Peulh	25	15	10	0	0	0
Senegalese	25	10	15	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	35	20	20	0	0	0
North African origins	225	115	105	0	0	10
Algerian	100	45	55	0	0	0
Berber	65	40	25	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	75	40	30	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	75	30	45	65	40	25
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	20	10	15	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	25	15	10
Malagasy	0	10	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	25	15	15	0	0	0
Seychellois	10	0	10	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	30	15	15
Tanzanian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	10	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Other African origins	60	25	35	95	50	45
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	0	0	0	10	10	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	55	25	30	90	45	45
Asian origins	295	115	185	975	455	520
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	140	65	75	275	135	145
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	50	35	10	20	15	0
Armenian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	25	10	15	85	40	50
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	45	20	25
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0	15	10	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	40	20	25
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	45	15	35	60	30	35
Palestinian	0	0	0	45	20	25
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	0	0	0	10	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins	10	10	0	200	120	80
Bangladeshi	0	10	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	10	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	0	10	0	170	105	65
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	40	10	30
Punjabi	0	0	0	10	10	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	10	10	0
Tamil	0	0	0	10	10	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	0	0	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	145	35	110	505	205	300
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese	75	20	55	270	115	155
Filipino	30	10	25	110	30	80
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Japanese	10	10	0	25	10	10
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	15	0	10	85	40	50
Laotian	15	10	10	10	0	10
Malaysian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	30	10	30	25	0	20
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	0	0	0	15	10	10
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	0	0	0	20	0	15
Oceania origins	10	10	0	25	10	15
Australian	0	10	0	20	10	15
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	14,565	...	...	13,180	...	...
Owner	9,215	...	...	10,365	...	...
Renter	5,355	...	...	2,825	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	14,565	...	...	13,185	...	...
Condominium	895	...	...	185	...	...
Not condominium	13,665	...	...	12,995	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	14,565	...	...	13,180	...	...
No bedrooms	65	...	...	20	...	...
1 bedroom	2,205	...	...	1,130	...	...
2 bedrooms	4,010	...	...	3,530	...	...
3 bedrooms	5,180	...	...	5,695	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	3,100	...	...	2,800	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	14,565	...	...	13,185	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	4,535	...	...	2,220	...	...
5 rooms	2,935	...	...	2,165	...	...
6 rooms	1,665	...	...	2,460	...	...
7 rooms	1,665	...	...	2,245	...	...
8 or more rooms	3,760	...	...	4,100	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.9	...	...	6.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	14,565	...	...	13,180	...	...
One person or fewer per room	14,515	...	...	13,115	...	...
More than 1 person per room	45	...	...	65	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	14,565	...	...	13,180	...	...
Suitable	14,325	...	...	12,855	...	...
Not suitable	240	...	...	325	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	14,565	...	...	13,180	...	...
1960 or before	3,320	...	...	5,645	...	...
1961 to 1980	4,920	...	...	3,080	...	...
1981 to 1990	2,940	...	...	1,165	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,540	...	...	1,405	...	...
2001 to 2005	265	...	...	740	...	...
2006 to 2010	710	...	...	720	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	870	...	...	430	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	14,565	...	...	13,185	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	13,545	...	...	12,055	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,025	...	...	1,125	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	14,565	...	...	13,185	...	...
1 household maintainer	9,330	...	...	7,935	...	...
2 household maintainers	5,145	...	...	5,090	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	95	...	...	165	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	14,565	...	...	13,185	...	...
15 to 24 years	710	...	...	195	...	...
25 to 34 years	2,195	...	...	1,155	...	...
35 to 44 years	2,290	...	...	1,625	...	...
45 to 54 years	2,800	...	...	2,605	...	...
55 to 64 years	3,270	...	...	3,060	...	...
65 to 74 years	2,120	...	...	2,625	...	...
75 to 84 years	960	...	...	1,390	...	...
85 years and over	220	...	...	530	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	14,550	...	...	13,120	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	12,190	...	...	9,850	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	2,360	...	...	3,270	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,140	...	...	2,890	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	9,200	...	...	10,315	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	61.2	...	...	59.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	9.5	...	...	18.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	985	...	...	992	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,025	...	...	1,106	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	219,983	...	...	229,699	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	238,933	...	...	266,897	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	5,355	...	...	2,815	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	10.5	...	...	17.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	27.6	...	...	49.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	629	...	...	825	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	679	...	...	856	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	26,375	13,325	13,055	26,020	12,610	13,405
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,215	3,915	3,300	4,840	2,415	2,425
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	5,345	2,390	2,960	8,800	4,015	4,790
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,815	7,020	6,795	12,375	6,185	6,195
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,715	3,660	2,050	2,465	1,765	700
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	4,350	2,585	1,770	1,145	715	430
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	1,365	1,080	285	1,320	1,050	270
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	3,890	1,770	2,120	6,015	2,645	3,365
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	885	320	560	520	275	250
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	3,325	1,265	2,060	3,375	1,495	1,875
Bachelor's degree	2,490	880	1,615	2,295	975	1,315
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	285	115	170	315	130	185
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	85	40	50	80	50	30
Master's degree	410	190	220	625	295	330
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	55	40	10	60	40	20
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	17,860	9,120	8,740	15,875	7,730	8,145
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,690	2,065	1,620	1,825	970	860
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	3,205	1,485	1,720	5,220	2,495	2,725
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	10,975	5,565	5,405	8,820	4,260	4,565
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,590	2,845	1,740	1,590	1,105	480
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	3,550	2,030	1,515	755	450	300
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	1,040	815	225	835	650	185
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	2,930	1,390	1,545	4,455	1,975	2,485
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	635	260	370	340	180	160
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	2,820	1,070	1,745	2,440	1,005	1,435
Bachelor's degree	2,085	740	1,345	1,710	665	1,040
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	230	100	135	230	100	130
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	80	30	45	45	25	20
Master's degree	380	170	210	420	190	230
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	45	30	10	40	20	20
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	26,375	13,325	13,055	26,020	12,615	13,405
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	12,565	6,305	6,260	13,645	6,430	7,215
Education	1,160	220	945	860	200	660
13. Education	1,165	220	945	860	200	655
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	300	100	200	380	170	205
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	35	20	15	85	60	30
50. Visual and performing arts	265	75	190	290	110	185
Humanities	390	165	220	565	280	290
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	15	0	20	35	20	15
23. English language and literature/letters	10	0	0	85	20	70
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	320	135	185	205	70	135
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10	10	0	35	25	15
39. Theology and religious vocations	10	10	0	110	80	30
54. History	25	15	10	85	65	15
55. French language and literature/letters	0	0	0	10	0	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	915	220	695	1,350	465	885
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	10	15	10	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	105	30	80	125	55	70
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	255	15	245	355	55	295
22. Legal professions and studies	155	60	95	170	45	125
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	30	0	30	0	0	0
42. Psychology	225	60	170	290	100	190
45. Social sciences	125	50	75	400	195	205
Business, management and public administration	2,985	800	2,180	2,285	830	1,450
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	10	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	285	35	250	210	40	170
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,690	765	1,925	2,080	790	1,285
Physical and life sciences and technologies	345	260	85	410	230	180
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	40	10	25	120	65	60
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	25	20	0	120	55	60
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	65	45	15	10	0	10
40. Physical sciences	195	170	30	130	100	30
41. Science technologies/technicians	20	10	10	25	0	20
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	275	165	105	330	170	160
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	230	160	75	275	150	125
25. Library science	35	0	25	30	0	30
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	0	0	20	15	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	0	10	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	4,155	3,885	270	2,895	2,735	155
04. Architecture and related services	55	45	15	55	30	25
14. Engineering	395	335	60	240	220	20
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,185	1,070	115	565	515	55
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	835	820	20	700	695	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,145	1,100	45	780	760	20
48. Precision production	545	520	20	555	520	35
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	385	280	105	305	200	105
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	120	45	70	220	140	85
03. Natural resources and conservation	270	230	40	85	60	25
Health and related fields	1,680	260	1,410	1,825	320	1,505
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	80	40	45	175	85	95
51. Health professions and related programs	1,565	210	1,360	1,635	235	1,400
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	30	15	10	0	10	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,225	665	560	1,180	585	595
12. Personal and culinary services	630	145	485	555	145	410
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	10	0	10	0	0
43. Security and protective services	230	175	55	400	255	150
49. Transportation and materials moving	360	340	20	225	185	40
Other	10	0	10	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	0	10	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	17,860	9,120	8,745	15,870	7,730	8,145
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	6,890	3,555	3,340	7,050	3,465	3,580
Education	750	145	610	520	125	395
13. Education	755	140	610	520	125	395
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	250	85	165	265	120	145
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	30	20	10	80	50	25
50. Visual and performing arts	220	65	155	185	65	120
Humanities	255	105	150	355	170	190
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	15	0	15	10	0	10
23. English language and literature/letters	10	10	0	45	10	40
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	195	80	115	150	55	95
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	25	15	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	15	10	10	65	45	20
54. History	20	10	10	50	45	10
55. French language and literature/letters	0	0	10	10	0	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	710	155	555	1,055	340	720
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	10	10	10	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	85	25	65	100	50	55
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	200	10	185	295	50	245
22. Legal professions and studies	135	45	90	120	30	85
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	25	0	25	0	0	0
42. Psychology	170	30	135	205	55	150
45. Social sciences	95	45	50	320	145	175
Business, management and public administration	2,505	645	1,855	1,640	580	1,065
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	220	25	195	170	30	135
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,270	620	1,655	1,475	550	925
Physical and life sciences and technologies	250	195	50	290	140	155
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	20	10	15	95	40	60
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	15	15	0	80	30	40
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	10	15	0	10	0	10
40. Physical sciences	185	150	30	90	65	30
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	10	0	20	0	15
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	255	155	100	280	150	130
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	210	145	65	230	140	95
25. Library science	35	0	30	30	0	30
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	10	0	10	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	10	10	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	3,365	3,125	240	1,945	1,830	115
04. Architecture and related services	50	40	15	45	20	25
14. Engineering	350	295	60	150	140	10
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	980	890	95	400	360	40
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	655	635	20	445	445	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	905	865	40	555	540	20
48. Precision production	420	400	15	345	330	20
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	320	240	75	270	180	85
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	90	35	55	205	130	75
03. Natural resources and conservation	230	205	25	70	50	15
Health and related fields	1,350	205	1,150	1,340	220	1,125
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	65	30	35	105	55	50
51. Health professions and related programs	1,255	160	1,100	1,230	160	1,070
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	25	15	10	0	10	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	965	520	445	865	410	450
12. Personal and culinary services	505	110	390	390	115	280
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	10	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	170	135	35	305	165	140
49. Transportation and materials moving	290	265	25	160	125	30
Other	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	10	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	26,375	13,325	13,055	26,020	12,610	13,410
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,565	6,305	6,260	13,645	6,430	7,215
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	13,815	7,020	6,795	12,375	6,185	6,195
Location of study inside Canada	13,470	6,835	6,635	10,565	5,290	5,280
Same as province or territory of residence	13,010	6,590	6,425	10,105	5,065	5,040
Different than province or territory of residence	455	245	210	450	220	230
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	345	185	160	1,815	900	915
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	35	25	10	1,005	440	570
Philippines	30	0	25	50	15	30
India	0	0	0	45	35	15
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	0	0	0	260	170	95
China^{Census data footnote 162}	0	0	0	10	0	10
France	95	60	30	0	0	0
Other	180	85	95	435	235	205
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	17,865	9,120	8,745	15,870	7,730	8,145
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,890	3,555	3,335	7,050	3,465	3,580
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	10,970	5,565	5,405	8,825	4,260	4,565
Location of study inside Canada	10,715	5,430	5,280	7,715	3,740	3,975
Same as province or territory of residence	10,340	5,230	5,110	7,455	3,615	3,835
Different than province or territory of residence	370	205	170	265	125	140
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	255	130	125	1,110	520	590
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	15	15	0	660	270	395
Philippines	10	0	15	35	15	20
India	0	0	0	35	25	15
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	0	0	0	95	75	25
China^{Census data footnote 162}	0	0	0	10	10	0
France	80	50	30	0	0	0
Other	155	75	80	265	140	130
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	26,375	13,320	13,055	26,020	12,615	13,410
In the labour force	17,605	9,455	8,150	14,725	7,540	7,185
Employed	16,540	8,800	7,745	13,595	6,890	6,705
Unemployed	1,065	655	410	1,125	650	480
Not in the labour force	8,770	3,865	4,905	11,295	5,075	6,220
Participation rate	66.7	71.0	62.4	56.6	59.8	53.6
Employment rate	62.7	66.1	59.3	52.2	54.6	50.0
Unemployment rate	6.0	6.9	5.0	7.6	8.6	6.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	26,375	13,320	13,055	26,020	12,615	13,410
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	7,880	3,420	4,465	10,505	4,700	5,800
Worked	18,495	9,905	8,590	15,520	7,910	7,605
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	8,710	4,955	3,750	7,900	4,360	3,540
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	9,785	4,945	4,835	7,615	3,550	4,060
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.8	41.8	41.7	42.5	43.0	41.9
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	17,605	9,455	8,155	14,720	7,540	7,185
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	285	145	140	305	155	145
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	17,320	9,310	8,010	14,420	7,380	7,040
Employee	15,865	8,535	7,330	12,765	6,345	6,410
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	1,455	775	680	1,655	1,030	625
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	17,605	9,460	8,150	14,720	7,535	7,180
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	290	150	140	300	160	145
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	17,320	9,305	8,005	14,420	7,380	7,035
0 Management occupations	1,455	870	585	1,345	755	590
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,345	610	1,735	2,310	630	1,680
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,070	870	200	585	460	120
3 Health occupations	1,090	170	920	945	150	795
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,040	460	1,580	1,395	455	940
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	245	110	130	295	165	130
6 Sales and service occupations	4,095	1,555	2,535	3,780	1,405	2,375
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	3,185	2,980	205	2,630	2,510	120
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,250	1,190	65	350	280	70
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	530	490	45	785	570	220
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	17,605	9,460	8,155	14,725	7,535	7,185
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	290	145	140	305	155	145
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	17,320	9,310	8,005	14,420	7,380	7,040
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	240	175	70	175	130	50
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	2,410	2,125	285	30	20	10
22 Utilities	90	80	10	120	90	35
23 Construction	910	735	175	1,285	1,175	115
31-33 Manufacturing	1,130	995	130	1,570	1,150	430
41 Wholesale trade	565	445	120	440	300	140
44-45 Retail trade	2,285	920	1,365	1,705	680	1,030
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	800	555	245	945	570	375
51 Information and cultural industries	450	200	250	170	80	85
52 Finance and insurance	345	100	245	360	105	250
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	195	110	85	175	110	65
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	825	450	370	655	300	365
55 Management of companies and enterprises	10	0	0	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	585	365	220	735	485	250
61 Educational services	1,175	255	915	860	260	600
62 Health care and social assistance	2,280	370	1,910	1,485	240	1,245
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	195	80	110	745	420	325
72 Accommodation and food services	1,265	480	790	1,385	480	910
81 Other services (except public administration)	915	500	410	700	330	365
91 Public administration	660	360	300	860	465	395
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	16,540	8,800	7,740	13,595	6,890	6,705
Worked at home	590	225	360	835	405	435
Worked outside Canada	25	25	0	400	170	230
No fixed workplace address	1,295	1,060	240	1,740	1,325	415
Worked at usual place	14,635	7,490	7,140	10,620	4,990	5,625
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	14,635	7,490	7,140	10,620	4,990	5,625
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	12,485	5,975	6,510	5,675	2,450	3,225
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	920	550	370	4,255	2,095	2,160
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,135	890	245	650	435	215
Commute to a different province or territory	95	80	15	45	20	25
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	15,930	8,550	7,380	12,360	6,315	6,045
Car, truck, van - as a driver	13,300	7,190	6,110	10,880	5,575	5,305
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	785	395	385	815	410	410
Public transit	85	45	45	120	40	80
Walked	1,115	455	655	345	170	180
Bicycle	110	90	15	60	50	10
Other method	530	370	155	130	70	60
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	15,930	8,550	7,375	12,355	6,315	6,040
Less than 15 minutes	9,875	4,735	5,140	4,630	2,115	2,525
15 to 29 minutes	3,515	1,920	1,595	3,865	1,935	1,930
30 to 44 minutes	990	645	350	2,440	1,380	1,065
45 to 59 minutes	580	430	155	655	335	325
60 minutes and over	970	825	145	760	555	205
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	15,930	8,550	7,380	12,355	6,320	6,040
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,185	1,065	120	1,110	800	300
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	2,265	1,735	525	2,160	1,360	800
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	5,730	2,815	2,915	3,000	1,555	1,445
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	3,100	1,060	2,040	2,585	1,015	1,575
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,145	395	750	1,335	480	850
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,505	1,480	1,020	2,175	1,110	1,070
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	18,960	10,140	8,815	15,990	8,145	7,845
Single responses	18,265	9,765	8,500	15,915	8,115	7,795
Official languages	18,260	9,770	8,500	15,890	8,105	7,785
English	465	265	200	15,845	8,100	7,740
French	17,795	9,500	8,295	50	0	45
Non-official languages	0	0	0	25	15	10
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	10	0	10	25	15	10
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	10	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	10	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	0	10	0	10
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	10	10	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	10	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cantonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	690	375	315	75	20	55
English and French	670	370	300	30	15	15
English and non-official language	15	0	15	40	10	30
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	10	0	0	0	0	10
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	18,955	10,140	8,820	15,995	8,145	7,845
None	14,355	7,700	6,660	15,700	8,020	7,680
English	4,205	2,245	1,955	40	15	25
French	295	155	135	145	50	95
Non-official language	70	30	40	90	45	40
Aboriginal	45	25	25	10	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	20	10	20	80	45	35
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	25	0	20	0	0	0
French and non-official language	10	0	0	15	10	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	31,415	15,935	15,480	30,020	14,635	15,385
Non-movers	27,180	13,810	13,370	26,640	12,990	13,650
Movers	4,230	2,125	2,105	3,380	1,645	1,735
Non-migrants	3,140	1,565	1,580	1,560	765	795
Migrants	1,090	560	525	1,820	880	945
Internal migrants	990	510	480	1,650	800	845
Intraprovincial migrants	920	485	440	1,545	740	805
Interprovincial migrants	65	25	40	105	60	40
External migrants	100	50	50	175	80	95
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	30,035	15,245	14,790	28,970	14,110	14,865
Non-movers	19,205	9,815	9,390	19,085	9,325	9,760
Movers	10,830	5,425	5,400	9,885	4,785	5,100
Non-migrants	7,650	3,890	3,765	4,610	2,120	2,495
Migrants	3,180	1,540	1,640	5,280	2,665	2,610
Internal migrants	2,940	1,415	1,525	4,845	2,460	2,380
Intraprovincial migrants	2,785	1,325	1,455	4,510	2,275	2,235
Interprovincial migrants	155	90	65	335	185	150
External migrants	235	125	115	430	205	225

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Val-d'Or, V [Census subdivision], Quebec and Fort Erie, T [Census subdivision], Ontario (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 7, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Val-d'Or, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec and Fort Erie, Town [Census subdivision], Ontario

Census Profile, 2016 Census Val-d'Or, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec and Fort Erie, Town [Census subdivision], Ontario

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How to cite

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Val-d'Or, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec and Fort Erie, Town [Census subdivision], Ontario