Census Profile, 2016 Census
Ontario [Province] and Manitoba [Province]

Feedback

Charts (using rates) Download Hierarchies

The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Ontario [Province]			Manitoba [Province]
	Data quality , Ontario [Province] Map : Ontario [Province] Change geography 1			Data quality : Manitoba [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	13,448,494	...	...	1,278,365	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	12,851,821	...	...	1,208,268	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	4.6	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	5,598,391	...	...	539,748	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	5,169,174	...	...	489,050	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	14.8	...	...	2.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	908,699.33	...	...	552,370.99	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	13,448,495	6,559,390	6,889,105	1,278,365	631,400	646,970
0 to 14 years	2,207,970	1,131,615	1,076,350	243,820	125,110	118,710
0 to 4 years	697,360	357,300	340,055	81,065	41,710	39,355
5 to 9 years	756,085	387,320	368,765	83,375	42,565	40,805
10 to 14 years	754,530	387,000	367,530	79,380	40,835	38,545
15 to 64 years	8,988,865	4,412,115	4,576,750	835,580	417,260	418,320
15 to 19 years	811,670	416,730	394,945	82,440	42,555	39,890
20 to 24 years	894,390	457,815	436,570	86,760	44,465	42,295
25 to 29 years	874,350	436,345	438,010	86,695	43,570	43,125
30 to 34 years	864,765	420,800	443,965	85,185	42,210	42,975
35 to 39 years	842,485	402,900	439,585	81,105	39,885	41,215
40 to 44 years	871,875	418,465	453,415	79,325	39,530	39,795
45 to 49 years	937,385	453,105	484,275	79,350	39,220	40,130
50 to 54 years	1,056,345	517,170	539,175	89,840	44,485	45,355
55 to 59 years	989,460	482,280	507,180	87,765	43,555	44,210
60 to 64 years	846,145	406,505	439,640	77,110	37,780	39,325
65 years and over	2,251,655	1,015,655	1,236,000	198,965	89,025	109,945
65 to 69 years	737,745	352,475	385,270	64,905	31,280	33,625
70 to 74 years	528,645	250,455	278,185	45,980	21,940	24,040
75 to 79 years	393,010	179,810	213,195	33,555	15,250	18,305
80 to 84 years	291,185	126,825	164,360	25,315	10,740	14,575
85 years and over	301,075	106,090	194,985	29,210	9,810	19,395
85 to 89 years	188,470	73,045	115,425	17,335	6,460	10,875
90 to 94 years	88,390	27,400	60,990	8,945	2,710	6,230
95 to 99 years	21,210	5,150	16,060	2,520	580	1,940
100 years and over	3,005	495	2,520	415	60	350
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.4	17.3	15.6	19.1	19.8	18.3
15 to 64 years	66.8	67.3	66.4	65.4	66.1	64.7
65 years and over	16.7	15.5	17.9	15.6	14.1	17.0
85 years and over	2.2	1.6	2.8	2.3	1.6	3.0
Average age of the population	41.0	40.0	41.9	39.2	38.2	40.2
Median age of the population	41.3	40.2	42.4	38.3	37.2	39.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	5,169,175	...	...	489,050	...	...
Single-detached house	2,807,380	...	...	331,420	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	886,705	...	...	39,080	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	1,460,200	...	...	108,120	...	...
Semi-detached house	289,975	...	...	15,865	...	...
Row house	460,425	...	...	17,225	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	176,080	...	...	7,065	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	522,810	...	...	67,205	...	...
Other single-attached house	10,910	...	...	755	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	14,890	...	...	10,435	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	5,169,170	...	...	489,050	...	...
1 person	1,341,300	...	...	135,500	...	...
2 persons	1,693,525	...	...	164,880	...	...
3 persons	834,260	...	...	71,065	...	...
4 persons	796,320	...	...	66,675	...	...
5 or more persons	503,775	...	...	50,930	...	...
Number of persons in private households	13,242,160	...	...	1,240,700	...	...
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	11,240,525	5,427,775	5,812,750	1,034,545	506,280	528,260
Married or living common law	6,438,085	3,219,290	3,218,795	593,615	297,280	296,335
Married	5,531,930	2,764,275	2,767,655	503,390	252,210	251,175
Living common law	906,155	455,015	451,145	90,230	45,075	45,155
Not married and not living common law	4,802,440	2,208,485	2,593,955	440,925	209,000	231,930
Never married	3,182,785	1,689,180	1,493,605	300,415	162,440	137,980
Separated	328,675	138,140	190,535	24,845	11,080	13,765
Divorced	653,835	252,900	400,935	54,860	22,780	32,080
Widowed	637,150	128,265	508,880	60,805	12,700	48,100
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	3,782,540	...	...	346,160	...	...
2 persons	1,815,000	...	...	171,435	...	...
3 persons	844,545	...	...	71,630	...	...
4 persons	792,435	...	...	65,500	...	...
5 or more persons	330,560	...	...	37,600	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	3,782,545	...	...	346,160	...	...
Total couple families	3,137,570	...	...	287,200	...	...
Married couples	2,684,735	...	...	242,100	...	...
Common-law couples	452,840	...	...	45,100	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	644,975	...	...	58,960	...	...
Female parent	518,480	...	...	45,930	...	...
Male parent	126,495	...	...	13,025	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	3,137,565	...	...	287,205	...	...
Couples without children	1,428,575	...	...	137,135	...	...
Couples with children	1,708,995	...	...	150,070	...	...
1 child	658,305	...	...	55,730	...	...
2 children	738,710	...	...	59,965	...	...
3 or more children	311,975	...	...	34,375	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	644,975	...	...	58,960	...	...
1 child	386,425	...	...	34,305	...	...
2 children	186,240	...	...	15,895	...	...
3 or more children	72,310	...	...	8,765	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	2,139,825	990,525	1,149,300	212,415	104,435	107,980
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	5,169,175	...	...	489,050	...	...
One-census-family households	3,481,885	...	...	323,125	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	1,311,575	...	...	130,475	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	2,170,315	...	...	192,650	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	145,615	...	...	11,110	...	...
Non-census-family households	1,541,665	...	...	154,815	...	...
One-person households	1,341,305	...	...	135,495	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	200,365	...	...	19,315	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	13,312,865	6,503,875	6,808,990	1,261,620	624,095	637,520
English only	11,455,500	5,689,830	5,765,665	1,135,395	566,980	568,410
French only	40,040	17,340	22,705	1,485	680	800
English and French	1,490,390	665,850	824,540	108,460	49,205	59,255
Neither English nor French	326,935	130,850	196,085	16,285	7,235	9,050
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	13,312,865	6,503,880	6,808,995	1,261,620	624,100	637,520
English	12,394,325	6,095,970	6,298,355	1,203,025	596,475	606,550
French	504,130	236,875	267,250	39,200	18,880	20,325
English and French	92,940	42,910	50,030	3,545	1,755	1,790
Neither English nor French	321,480	128,125	193,355	15,840	6,985	8,860
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	550,600	258,330	292,270	40,975	19,760	21,215
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	4.1	4.0	4.3	3.2	3.2	3.3
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	13,312,870	6,503,875	6,808,990	1,261,620	624,095	637,520
Single responses	12,946,960	6,327,630	6,619,330	1,230,115	608,820	621,300
Official languages	9,393,040	4,637,520	4,755,520	941,130	468,430	472,705
English	8,902,320	4,406,210	4,496,110	900,610	448,960	451,645
French	490,715	231,310	259,410	40,520	19,465	21,055
Non-official languages	3,553,920	1,690,110	1,863,810	288,985	140,395	148,590
Aboriginal languages	22,765	10,815	11,950	29,710	14,265	15,440
Algonquian languages	21,235	10,175	11,060	28,070	13,505	14,565
Blackfoot	10	5	5	5	0	5
Cree-Montagnais languages	5,080	2,485	2,595	14,820	7,085	7,740
Atikamekw	5	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	5	5	5	5	0	0
Moose Cree	85	40	45	0	0	5
Naskapi	10	5	5	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	55	25	30	30	5	20
Plains Cree	35	5	30	70	25	40
Southern East Cree	5	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	355	135	225	745	305	440
Woods Cree	15	10	5	65	20	40
Cree, n.o.s.	4,500	2,255	2,245	13,915	6,725	7,195
Eastern Algonquian languages	90	40	50	10	5	5
Malecite	10	5	0	0	5	0
Mi'kmaq	85	35	50	10	5	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	16,025	7,620	8,400	13,235	6,410	6,825
Algonquin	65	30	35	0	0	0
Ojibway	9,505	4,515	4,985	6,730	3,180	3,550
Oji-Cree	6,310	3,015	3,300	6,505	3,235	3,265
Ottawa (Odawa)	145	65	80	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	30	20	10	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	60	20	40	815	375	445
Northern Athabaskan languages	55	20	35	815	380	440
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	5	0	5	0	0	0
Chilcotin	5	0	5	0	0	0
Dene	20	10	10	810	375	435
Dogrib (Tlicho)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	10	0	5	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	5	5	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	5	0	5
Haida	0	5	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	475	165	305	80	20	60
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	5	5	5	5	0	0
Inuktitut	425	145	280	65	20	45
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	15	5	10
Iroquoian languages	710	300	410	0	0	5
Cayuga	40	20	20	0	0	0
Mohawk	590	255	335	5	0	0
Oneida	55	15	40	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	20	5	15	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	25	15	15	80	40	40
Salish languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	5
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	10	5	5	630	305	330
Dakota	5	5	5	630	305	325
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	5	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Nisga'a	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	5	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	5	5	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	235	130	105	15	10	5
Non-Aboriginal languages	3,531,160	1,679,300	1,851,865	259,280	126,130	133,155
Afro-Asiatic languages	253,830	127,720	126,110	10,700	5,580	5,120
Berber languages	725	405	320	40	25	15
Kabyle	425	225	200	35	15	10
Berber languages, n.i.e.	305	180	120	10	10	5
Cushitic languages	24,605	10,730	13,870	1,750	875	875
Bilen	250	140	110	155	85	70
Oromo	1,445	720	730	345	175	170
Somali	22,680	9,755	12,925	1,245	610	640
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	225	115	110	10	10	0
Semitic languages	227,985	116,320	111,665	8,840	4,640	4,200
Amharic	10,720	4,960	5,760	1,770	885	885
Arabic	171,370	88,400	82,965	4,695	2,500	2,190
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	14,555	7,135	7,420	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	4,795	2,365	2,425	0	0	0
Harari	1,030	485	545	0	0	0
Hebrew	11,575	6,220	5,350	545	320	225
Maltese	5,175	2,575	2,600	40	20	25
Tigrigna	7,345	3,470	3,870	1,770	905	865
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	1,435	705	730	10	5	5
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	520	265	250	65	35	30
Austro-Asiatic languages	78,125	35,880	42,240	4,180	1,970	2,205
Khmer (Cambodian)	7,355	3,330	4,020	280	135	145
Vietnamese	70,690	32,520	38,165	3,895	1,840	2,060
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	85	30	50	5	0	0
Austronesian languages	194,380	76,060	118,315	52,905	24,685	28,220
Bikol	595	260	330	175	80	95
Cebuano	6,545	2,500	4,045	1,245	565	675
Fijian	80	45	40	35	15	15
Hiligaynon	2,750	1,030	1,725	390	170	220
Ilocano	11,285	4,430	6,860	1,365	630	730
Malagasy	100	45	55	0	0	5
Malay	5,760	2,520	3,240	175	65	105
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	1,505	670	840	655	315	340
Pangasinan	535	215	315	135	65	70
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	163,415	63,665	99,755	48,530	22,670	25,855
Waray-Waray	405	140	270	50	30	25
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	1,400	550	850	150	70	85
Creole languages	11,255	5,095	6,165	570	275	305
Haitian Creole	630	290	340	20	10	10
Creole, n.o.s.	8,025	3,580	4,440	290	140	145
Creole languages, n.i.e.	2,605	1,225	1,380	265	120	145
Dravidian languages	148,605	73,530	75,075	1,565	825	735
Kannada	2,670	1,365	1,305	95	50	40
Malayalam	17,140	8,795	8,350	790	410	380
Tamil	117,630	57,310	60,320	480	255	230
Telugu	10,820	5,895	4,925	195	115	80
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	340	165	175	10	0	5
Hmong-Mien languages	525	250	270	5	0	0
Indo-European languages	2,024,365	980,200	1,044,165	158,350	77,605	80,750
Albanian	19,045	9,535	9,510	350	170	180
Armenian	15,070	7,305	7,765	65	35	30
Balto-Slavic languages	410,725	188,695	222,025	34,450	15,845	18,605
Baltic languages	9,080	3,785	5,295	165	65	95
Latvian	3,910	1,650	2,260	80	35	45
Lithuanian	5,175	2,135	3,035	85	35	45
Slavic languages	401,645	184,915	216,730	34,280	15,775	18,510
Belarusan	515	230	280	40	20	25
Bosnian	6,370	3,125	3,245	575	285	290
Bulgarian	9,095	4,355	4,740	140	70	65
Croatian	31,875	15,460	16,410	1,030	505	530
Czech	10,670	4,930	5,740	615	310	310
Macedonian	15,635	7,470	8,165	145	70	75
Polish	121,075	54,675	66,405	6,455	2,905	3,545
Russian	101,100	45,630	55,470	9,130	4,495	4,640
Serbian	41,740	20,585	21,150	655	335	320
Serbo-Croatian	4,875	2,310	2,570	240	110	130
Slovak	10,280	4,710	5,565	405	175	225
Slovene (Slovenian)	6,740	2,995	3,745	270	130	140
Ukrainian	40,375	17,760	22,610	14,505	6,325	8,180
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	1,310	670	635	75	40	30
Celtic languages	1,110	505	605	115	60	55
Scottish Gaelic	450	210	240	50	25	20
Welsh	435	180	260	60	30	30
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	225	120	110	10	10	0
Germanic languages	200,640	94,475	106,165	68,670	33,310	35,360
Afrikaans	2,295	1,125	1,170	420	220	205
Danish	4,265	2,010	2,250	280	145	135
Dutch	51,720	24,875	26,840	2,675	1,335	1,335
Frisian	1,240	630	620	55	30	25
German	131,525	61,520	70,005	63,825	30,940	32,890
Icelandic	210	100	110	475	210	260
Norwegian	940	405	540	115	45	65
Swedish	2,395	1,040	1,350	135	70	70
Vlaams (Flemish)	2,150	925	1,225	310	125	180
Yiddish	3,735	1,765	1,970	355	175	180
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	170	80	85	25	10	10
Greek	55,415	27,305	28,110	1,285	665	615
Indo-Iranian languages	707,845	357,350	350,495	32,325	17,135	15,195
Indo-Aryan languages	565,600	285,720	279,875	29,520	15,700	13,820
Bengali	46,810	23,615	23,195	1,170	675	495
Gujarati	76,675	38,740	37,940	3,115	1,660	1,455
Hindi	58,735	29,805	28,930	2,270	1,215	1,060
Kashmiri	345	170	175	5	5	5
Konkani	2,510	1,195	1,315	35	20	15
Marathi	5,490	2,805	2,685	135	80	50
Nepali	7,870	3,915	3,960	720	355	365
Oriya (Odia)	715	380	335	10	5	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	197,060	100,160	96,895	18,320	9,650	8,670
Sindhi	6,840	3,225	3,615	60	30	30
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10,165	4,925	5,235	670	345	320
Urdu	152,385	76,795	75,595	3,015	1,655	1,355
Iranian languages	139,675	70,270	69,405	2,705	1,365	1,335
Kurdish	6,665	3,615	3,050	415	210	200
Pashto	10,950	5,630	5,315	275	130	150
Persian (Farsi)	122,070	61,025	61,040	2,020	1,030	990
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	2,565	1,350	1,215	100	60	40
Italic (Romance) languages	614,525	295,030	319,490	21,100	10,385	10,710
Catalan	285	150	135	0	0	5
Italian	231,040	112,440	118,600	3,840	1,910	1,930
Portuguese	150,000	72,280	77,715	6,585	3,190	3,390
Romanian	41,755	19,565	22,190	645	310	335
Spanish	191,025	90,390	100,630	10,005	4,965	5,040
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	420	200	215	15	5	10
Japanese	13,260	4,590	8,670	540	185	350
Kartvelian languages	1,200	635	565	15	10	10
Georgian	1,200	635	565	15	5	5
Korean	69,775	32,035	37,740	3,760	1,810	1,950
Mongolic languages	405	180	220	20	5	15
Mongolian	405	180	225	20	5	15
Niger-Congo languages	35,760	16,705	19,050	3,895	1,965	1,930
Akan (Twi)	9,695	4,510	5,190	150	90	65
Bamanankan	140	60	80	75	25	45
Edo	1,140	475	670	40	20	15
Ewe	560	270	295	30	20	10
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	365	180	185	65	35	30
Ga	600	275	325	15	10	5
Ganda	760	360	400	50	20	30
Igbo	2,090	1,080	1,010	280	155	130
Lingala	850	365	485	75	30	40
Rundi (Kirundi)	1,430	640	785	135	60	65
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	1,330	545	785	250	125	120
Shona	1,455	660	790	110	50	60
Swahili	5,525	2,540	2,985	870	420	455
Wolof	290	145	150	75	50	25
Yoruba	4,365	2,260	2,105	1,030	525	505
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5,155	2,345	2,810	640	315	325
Nilo-Saharan languages	1,610	810	800	395	215	180
Dinka	345	170	175	175	90	80
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	1,260	635	625	225	125	100
Sign languages	3,030	1,570	1,455	440	230	210
American Sign Language	1,305	640	670	240	125	115
Quebec Sign Language	20	10	15	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	1,700	925	780	195	100	95
Sino-Tibetan languages	611,795	284,865	326,935	18,880	9,320	9,565
Chinese languages	602,610	280,340	322,270	18,305	9,025	9,280
Cantonese	275,315	128,090	147,220	6,625	3,140	3,485
Hakka	6,985	3,140	3,840	55	30	25
Mandarin	283,735	132,275	151,460	10,170	5,110	5,060
Min Dong	855	405	450	5	5	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	13,545	6,240	7,300	325	150	165
Wu (Shanghainese)	6,300	2,825	3,470	110	55	50
Chinese, n.o.s.	15,645	7,235	8,410	1,010	530	475
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	240	120	120	5	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	9,185	4,520	4,660	575	295	285
Burmese	1,640	775	865	85	50	30
Karenic languages	1,730	865	860	430	215	220
Tibetan	5,115	2,530	2,585	10	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	700	345	350	55	20	35
Tai-Kadai languages	8,485	3,535	4,945	1,120	525	595
Lao	5,190	2,480	2,710	875	445	430
Thai	3,270	1,045	2,220	240	85	165
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	25	10	15	5	0	0
Turkic languages	22,615	11,745	10,870	340	190	150
Azerbaijani	1,990	1,070	920	30	20	15
Turkish	18,415	9,610	8,810	210	120	95
Uyghur	515	255	260	10	5	10
Uzbek	1,055	515	545	40	25	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	640	295	345	40	25	20
Uralic languages	50,670	23,095	27,570	1,440	655	790
Estonian	4,205	1,810	2,400	30	10	15
Finnish	9,720	4,140	5,580	225	85	135
Hungarian	36,740	17,150	19,590	1,185	550	635
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	1,475	780	690	155	85	70
Multiple responses	365,910	176,250	189,660	31,505	15,280	16,220
English and French	54,045	25,165	28,880	4,365	2,140	2,230
English and non-official language	288,285	140,345	147,940	25,965	12,530	13,440
French and non-official language	12,565	5,735	6,830	695	380	315
English, French and non-official language	11,010	5,000	6,005	470	230	245
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	13,312,865	6,503,875	6,808,990	1,261,620	624,100	637,520
Single responses	12,522,045	6,123,955	6,398,085	1,197,145	593,020	604,120
Official languages	10,605,725	5,214,425	5,391,300	1,052,345	521,280	531,065
English	10,328,680	5,084,885	5,243,800	1,035,475	513,465	522,010
French	277,045	129,540	147,500	16,865	7,815	9,055
Non-official languages	1,916,315	909,530	1,006,780	144,800	71,740	73,060
Aboriginal languages	9,210	4,600	4,610	15,770	8,020	7,750
Algonquian languages	8,685	4,370	4,320	15,070	7,675	7,390
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	2,370	1,205	1,165	7,570	3,860	3,715
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Moose Cree	10	10	5	0	0	0
Naskapi	10	5	5	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	20	10	15	10	5	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	10	5	5
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	105	50	55	120	45	75
Woods Cree	5	5	0	15	10	5
Cree, n.o.s.	2,220	1,135	1,085	7,415	3,790	3,620
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	6,305	3,155	3,145	7,495	3,820	3,675
Algonquin	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	3,315	1,695	1,620	2,505	1,280	1,225
Oji-Cree	2,905	1,420	1,490	4,990	2,545	2,455
Ottawa (Odawa)	75	40	35	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	20	10	10	635	305	330
Northern Athabaskan languages	15	10	10	635	305	330
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	5	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	5	0	5	630	305	330
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Gwich'in	5	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	160	60	90	15	5	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Inuktitut	140	60	80	10	5	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	10	5	5
Iroquoian languages	210	90	120	5	0	0
Cayuga	5	5	5	0	0	0
Mohawk	185	80	100	0	0	0
Oneida	20	5	10	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	5	5	0	10	5	10
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	5	0	5	35	25	10
Dakota	5	5	0	35	25	10
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	120	55	65	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,907,105	904,930	1,002,170	129,035	63,725	65,310
Afro-Asiatic languages	138,460	66,865	71,590	6,875	3,475	3,400
Berber languages	345	175	170	20	15	5
Kabyle	255	125	130	15	10	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	90	50	45	0	5	5
Cushitic languages	14,460	6,100	8,360	1,185	550	630
Bilen	170	80	85	120	65	55
Oromo	805	380	425	210	95	115
Somali	13,370	5,590	7,780	845	385	460
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	110	50	65	5	10	0
Semitic languages	123,410	60,475	62,940	5,650	2,895	2,750
Amharic	5,625	2,540	3,085	1,045	520	525
Arabic	94,195	46,505	47,695	3,105	1,600	1,505
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	9,515	4,595	4,920	5	0	5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	2,915	1,410	1,500	0	0	0
Harari	555	250	305	0	0	0
Hebrew	4,850	2,505	2,345	355	195	160
Maltese	1,090	505	580	10	5	5
Tigrigna	3,920	1,805	2,115	1,135	580	555
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	755	360	395	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	245	115	125	25	15	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	50,245	23,105	27,140	2,900	1,370	1,530
Khmer (Cambodian)	3,770	1,650	2,120	125	55	70
Vietnamese	46,435	21,435	25,000	2,775	1,315	1,460
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	40	20	20	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	85,370	36,525	48,845	27,215	13,065	14,155
Bikol	90	35	55	30	15	15
Cebuano	2,325	1,020	1,315	495	250	245
Fijian	15	10	10	15	5	10
Hiligaynon	910	385	530	125	55	75
Ilocano	4,100	1,780	2,320	390	190	200
Malagasy	35	15	20	0	0	0
Malay	1,810	860	945	55	25	30
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	445	200	250	245	120	130
Pangasinan	90	40	50	30	15	15
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	75,070	31,965	43,105	25,790	12,375	13,420
Waray-Waray	90	35	55	10	5	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	380	175	200	30	15	15
Creole languages	5,325	2,355	2,970	290	120	165
Haitian Creole	355	165	190	10	5	5
Creole, n.o.s.	3,995	1,735	2,255	165	75	85
Creole languages, n.i.e.	975	455	520	115	45	75
Dravidian languages	96,250	46,575	49,680	800	400	400
Kannada	1,060	540	520	45	25	25
Malayalam	8,760	4,460	4,295	405	195	205
Tamil	80,600	38,460	42,140	240	120	120
Telugu	5,705	3,050	2,655	110	60	50
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	125	55	70	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	200	95	105	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	978,300	469,640	508,670	70,820	35,325	35,495
Albanian	9,190	4,580	4,605	155	80	75
Armenian	8,630	4,065	4,560	20	10	5
Balto-Slavic languages	192,945	90,585	102,365	11,685	5,670	6,015
Baltic languages	2,305	950	1,355	25	10	15
Latvian	860	350	515	15	5	5
Lithuanian	1,440	600	840	10	5	5
Slavic languages	190,645	89,635	101,005	11,660	5,660	6,000
Belarusan	175	80	90	0	5	0
Bosnian	3,220	1,595	1,620	285	145	140
Bulgarian	4,830	2,350	2,480	65	30	30
Croatian	11,125	5,275	5,855	320	145	180
Czech	3,070	1,480	1,595	115	55	60
Macedonian	6,255	2,965	3,285	85	35	45
Polish	52,555	24,510	28,045	2,010	910	1,105
Russian	63,570	29,655	33,920	5,530	2,780	2,745
Serbian	23,175	11,335	11,840	335	170	170
Serbo-Croatian	1,925	920	1,010	90	40	50
Slovak	3,520	1,680	1,845	70	35	35
Slovene (Slovenian)	1,465	645	815	55	20	30
Ukrainian	15,415	6,995	8,420	2,690	1,285	1,405
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	355	160	190	10	5	5
Celtic languages	120	65	55	20	15	10
Scottish Gaelic	60	30	25	5	5	0
Welsh	30	10	15	10	5	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	0	0	0
Germanic languages	44,515	21,630	22,880	25,825	12,700	13,125
Afrikaans	755	365	390	200	100	100
Danish	280	135	150	10	5	5
Dutch	4,450	2,145	2,305	270	135	130
Frisian	90	45	45	10	5	5
German	37,255	18,140	19,120	24,795	12,185	12,615
Icelandic	45	20	30	35	15	20
Norwegian	70	30	40	10	5	5
Swedish	385	190	190	10	5	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	145	60	85	15	5	10
Yiddish	370	190	185	10	5	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	655	315	340	465	240	225
Greek	21,700	10,160	11,535	535	255	280
Indo-Iranian languages	435,835	215,755	220,080	22,810	11,920	10,890
Indo-Aryan languages	344,050	171,125	172,920	21,010	11,055	9,950
Bengali	29,590	14,595	14,995	690	390	305
Gujarati	45,445	22,410	23,035	2,100	1,095	1,005
Hindi	28,960	14,485	14,475	1,335	715	620
Kashmiri	65	30	35	0	0	0
Konkani	540	260	280	10	5	5
Marathi	2,420	1,230	1,190	40	25	20
Nepali	5,640	2,815	2,820	540	265	280
Oriya (Odia)	325	160	165	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	132,135	66,410	65,725	14,000	7,330	6,670
Sindhi	2,880	1,320	1,560	30	10	15
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	4,595	2,250	2,345	360	190	170
Urdu	91,450	45,160	46,295	1,895	1,035	860
Iranian languages	90,730	44,090	46,640	1,755	835	920
Kurdish	3,675	1,900	1,770	275	135	140
Pashto	6,750	3,360	3,395	165	70	95
Persian (Farsi)	80,305	38,830	41,475	1,315	635	685
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	1,050	540	515	50	25	20
Italic (Romance) languages	265,375	122,790	142,585	9,765	4,670	5,090
Catalan	135	60	75	0	0	0
Italian	72,960	31,195	41,770	1,035	450	590
Portuguese	67,415	32,065	35,355	2,800	1,305	1,500
Romanian	19,920	9,380	10,535	235	110	125
Spanish	104,820	50,035	54,785	5,695	2,810	2,885
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	110	50	60	0	0	0
Japanese	6,040	2,590	3,450	175	75	105
Kartvelian languages	770	420	355	10	5	0
Georgian	775	420	355	10	5	5
Korean	48,540	22,685	25,855	2,915	1,430	1,490
Mongolic languages	225	115	110	5	0	5
Mongolian	230	120	110	5	5	5
Niger-Congo languages	12,120	5,400	6,725	1,410	695	720
Akan (Twi)	4,415	1,915	2,495	45	30	20
Bamanankan	25	15	15	15	5	5
Edo	305	120	180	5	5	0
Ewe	135	60	80	5	5	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	110	55	55	35	15	15
Ga	175	80	100	5	0	0
Ganda	195	85	110	5	0	0
Igbo	540	265	275	75	40	35
Lingala	225	100	130	40	20	20
Rundi (Kirundi)	475	230	240	65	35	35
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	420	160	260	105	55	50
Shona	455	210	245	10	5	10
Swahili	2,085	925	1,160	500	240	265
Wolof	130	65	65	25	20	10
Yoruba	1,300	625	675	345	175	170
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	1,120	500	625	125	50	75
Nilo-Saharan languages	550	260	290	130	60	70
Dinka	120	60	65	80	35	45
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	425	195	225	55	30	25
Sign languages	4,425	2,485	1,940	560	310	255
American Sign Language	1,605	830	770	255	135	120
Quebec Sign Language	25	15	15	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	2,795	1,640	1,150	305	170	135
Sino-Tibetan languages	448,200	210,560	237,640	13,910	6,920	6,985
Chinese languages	441,615	207,305	234,310	13,445	6,685	6,765
Cantonese	198,745	91,545	107,200	4,455	2,105	2,350
Hakka	2,870	1,305	1,575	25	10	15
Mandarin	220,535	105,360	115,175	8,080	4,105	3,975
Min Dong	265	115	145	5	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5,775	2,635	3,140	135	65	70
Wu (Shanghainese)	3,690	1,735	1,955	65	30	35
Chinese, n.o.s.	9,630	4,565	5,070	675	365	315
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	100	45	55	5	5	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	6,580	3,250	3,330	465	235	225
Burmese	1,010	480	530	55	30	25
Karenic languages	1,360	685	675	370	190	180
Tibetan	3,875	1,925	1,945	5	0	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	335	165	170	40	15	20
Tai-Kadai languages	3,865	1,845	2,020	535	250	280
Lao	2,535	1,220	1,315	430	210	220
Thai	1,315	615	695	105	40	65
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	10	5	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages	12,435	6,200	6,230	135	70	65
Azerbaijani	770	385	380	10	5	10
Turkish	10,545	5,245	5,300	65	35	35
Uyghur	290	150	140	0	0	0
Uzbek	585	290	295	35	20	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	250	130	120	25	10	15
Uralic languages	15,330	6,990	8,340	305	140	165
Estonian	790	290	500	0	0	0
Finnish	1,835	780	1,050	35	15	15
Hungarian	12,700	5,915	6,790	270	125	145
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	465	245	225	40	25	20
Multiple responses	790,825	379,925	410,905	64,475	31,080	33,400
English and French	45,655	20,895	24,755	3,090	1,440	1,645
English and non-official language	719,595	347,730	371,865	60,090	28,995	31,090
French and non-official language	6,725	2,930	3,795	415	215	205
English, French and non-official language	18,855	8,365	10,490	885	420	455
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	13,312,865	6,503,875	6,808,990	1,261,615	624,095	637,520
None	11,071,665	5,436,665	5,635,000	1,079,050	535,990	543,065
English	896,170	437,015	459,155	76,350	37,795	38,550
French	243,970	108,390	135,580	20,200	9,130	11,075
Non-official language	1,056,960	501,315	555,645	83,315	39,860	43,455
Aboriginal	14,315	6,580	7,735	16,105	7,590	8,515
Non-Aboriginal	1,042,645	494,735	547,910	67,215	32,275	34,940
English and French	8,150	3,755	4,395	305	150	150
English and non-official language	19,105	9,370	9,735	1,610	815	790
French and non-official language	16,435	7,165	9,270	770	345	420
English, French and non-official language	415	205	215	20	5	10
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	11,038,440	5,342,850	5,695,590	1,001,305	491,590	509,715
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	10,556,935	5,115,460	5,441,475	954,035	467,790	486,250
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,539	39,889	28,676	34,188	40,379	29,220
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	10,559,805	5,115,825	5,443,975	954,205	467,820	486,390
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,641	35,753	26,585	30,465	35,150	26,561
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	9,391,800	4,650,130	4,741,675	859,545	431,145	428,400
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,871	39,831	27,012	32,592	39,229	26,692
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	7,632,575	3,402,810	4,229,770	701,840	309,530	392,310
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	4,206	2,034	5,463	4,268	1,890	5,434
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	7,790,680	3,998,335	3,792,350	722,785	374,850	347,935
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,946	39,490	29,413	33,677	39,365	28,679
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685	1,001,305	491,580	509,725
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	10,556,925	5,114,340	5,442,580	953,960	467,575	486,385
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	47,915	56,780	39,585	43,767	51,068	36,747
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	10,559,935	5,114,725	5,445,210	954,175	467,605	486,565
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,318	45,443	33,564	35,957	41,013	31,097
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	9,391,645	4,649,230	4,742,415	859,575	431,035	428,540
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	47,890	57,511	38,459	42,776	50,803	34,704
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	7,632,220	3,402,745	4,229,475	701,830	308,940	392,890
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,346	6,763	7,815	7,099	6,411	7,640
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	7,790,680	3,995,700	3,794,985	722,785	374,535	348,250
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	47,369	55,263	39,057	42,551	49,417	35,168
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685	1,001,310	491,580	509,725
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	3,737,385	2,082,480	1,654,900	350,580	201,335	149,245
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	55,121	60,345	49,713	50,026	54,580	44,818
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	68,628	76,536	58,676	59,523	65,410	51,581
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	88.9	92.1	84.7	88.0	91.7	83.1
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	72.9	76.0	68.7	73.6	77.4	68.6
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	11.1	7.9	15.3	12.0	8.3	16.9
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	11,038,440	5,342,850	5,695,590	1,001,310	491,585	509,720
Without total income	481,500	227,390	254,115	47,270	23,800	23,470
With total income	10,556,940	5,115,460	5,441,475	954,040	467,790	486,245
Percentage with total income	95.6	95.7	95.5	95.3	95.2	95.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,615,790	711,105	904,685	137,700	62,550	75,150
$10,000 to $19,999	1,829,355	742,710	1,086,645	150,320	58,320	91,995
$20,000 to $29,999	1,410,760	589,975	820,785	136,510	54,950	81,560
$30,000 to $39,999	1,147,510	519,550	627,955	123,685	55,805	67,885
$40,000 to $49,999	1,021,880	489,595	532,285	109,710	54,650	55,060
$50,000 to $59,999	809,115	415,950	393,165	80,625	45,170	35,460
$60,000 to $69,999	630,635	348,525	282,110	58,785	35,250	23,535
$70,000 to $79,999	479,890	277,725	202,165	43,365	26,465	16,895
$80,000 to $89,999	378,185	222,095	156,095	34,000	20,100	13,905
$90,000 to $99,999	324,810	181,815	142,995	21,980	13,545	8,440
$100,000 and over	909,005	616,420	292,585	57,355	40,985	16,370
$100,000 to $149,999	600,995	394,410	206,590	40,870	28,585	12,285
$150,000 and over	308,010	222,010	86,000	16,490	12,395	4,090
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	11,038,440	5,342,850	5,695,590	1,001,305	491,585	509,720
Without after-tax income	478,635	227,025	251,610	47,100	23,770	23,330
With after-tax income	10,559,805	5,115,825	5,443,980	954,205	467,820	486,390
Percentage with after-tax income	95.7	95.8	95.6	95.3	95.2	95.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,659,280	722,040	937,235	142,035	63,525	78,510
$10,000 to $19,999	1,906,875	777,330	1,129,540	161,865	63,410	98,460
$20,000 to $29,999	1,623,230	690,290	932,940	165,880	68,985	96,895
$30,000 to $39,999	1,377,100	642,645	734,450	153,680	73,335	80,350
$40,000 to $49,999	1,166,040	585,490	580,555	116,415	63,755	52,660
$50,000 to $59,999	845,305	464,610	380,700	78,105	46,940	31,160
$60,000 to $69,999	604,005	354,015	249,985	53,870	32,165	21,705
$70,000 to $79,999	465,485	268,140	197,345	31,690	19,680	12,010
$80,000 and over	912,490	611,260	301,230	50,655	36,025	14,630
$80,000 to $89,999	299,315	183,410	115,905	18,025	12,260	5,760
$90,000 to $99,999	174,110	116,330	57,785	10,325	7,305	3,015
$100,000 and over	439,070	311,525	127,540	22,305	16,460	5,850
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	11,038,440	5,342,850	5,695,590	1,001,305	491,590	509,720
Without employment income	3,247,760	1,344,515	1,903,245	278,525	116,740	161,775
With employment income	7,790,680	3,998,335	3,792,350	722,785	374,845	347,940
Percentage with employment income	70.6	74.8	66.6	72.2	76.3	68.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,094,860	546,920	547,940	90,045	42,675	47,375
$5,000 to $9,999	635,305	281,135	354,165	54,560	23,875	30,690
$10,000 to $19,999	1,027,910	464,445	563,465	94,460	41,920	52,535
$20,000 to $29,999	827,805	372,185	455,625	89,540	39,650	49,895
$30,000 to $39,999	767,840	351,925	415,910	88,340	41,905	46,440
$40,000 to $49,999	709,775	341,320	368,450	77,755	40,205	37,550
$50,000 to $59,999	588,220	310,155	278,065	58,900	34,355	24,550
$60,000 to $69,999	465,670	263,430	202,240	44,085	27,115	16,970
$70,000 to $79,999	369,085	218,570	150,515	34,450	21,375	13,075
$80,000 and over	1,304,210	848,245	455,970	90,650	61,780	28,865
$80,000 to $89,999	307,660	182,660	125,005	28,365	16,860	11,505
$90,000 to $99,999	280,530	156,440	124,090	17,635	11,355	6,275
$100,000 and over	716,015	509,140	206,875	44,650	33,560	11,095
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	5,169,175	...	...	489,050	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	74,287	...	...	68,147	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	65,285	...	...	59,093	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	1,341,300	...	...	135,495	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	36,900	...	...	35,846	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	33,219	...	...	31,538	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	3,827,875	...	...	353,550	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	90,967	...	...	84,532	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	79,528	...	...	72,688	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	5,169,175	...	...	489,050	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	97,856	...	...	85,373	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	80,322	...	...	70,154	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,341,115	...	...	135,440	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	49,571	...	...	44,208	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	40,830	...	...	36,503	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	3,828,060	...	...	353,605	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	114,773	...	...	101,140	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	94,157	...	...	83,044	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	5,169,175	...	...	489,050	...	...
Under $5,000	86,720	...	...	9,250	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	70,245	...	...	8,175	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	134,395	...	...	11,450	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	185,245	...	...	18,260	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	200,770	...	...	21,395	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	189,450	...	...	19,035	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	202,580	...	...	21,090	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	207,180	...	...	21,745	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	206,605	...	...	21,605	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	202,015	...	...	21,225	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	388,820	...	...	40,240	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	363,580	...	...	37,910	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	335,770	...	...	34,275	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	309,105	...	...	31,555	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	282,740	...	...	27,215	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,803,955	...	...	144,620	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	560,090	...	...	52,495	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	394,570	...	...	34,595	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	449,885	...	...	34,670	...	...
$200,000 and over	399,410	...	...	22,865	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	5,169,175	...	...	489,050	...	...
Under $5,000	92,220	...	...	9,725	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	71,480	...	...	8,315	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	136,550	...	...	11,860	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	192,920	...	...	19,325	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	222,605	...	...	24,370	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	211,440	...	...	22,665	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	232,755	...	...	25,915	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	244,335	...	...	26,725	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	247,645	...	...	25,965	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	241,965	...	...	25,290	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	463,170	...	...	48,610	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	422,695	...	...	44,280	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	388,720	...	...	38,890	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	342,330	...	...	32,370	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	290,720	...	...	26,890	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,367,630	...	...	97,850	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	539,915	...	...	46,355	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	334,420	...	...	24,795	...	...
$150,000 and over	493,295	...	...	26,705	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	3,689,580	...	...	341,205	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	91,089	...	...	84,441	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	79,531	...	...	72,563	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	1,280,890	...	...	127,580	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	81,459	...	...	79,103	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	71,237	...	...	67,596	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	1,716,115	...	...	150,585	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	115,381	...	...	104,902	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	99,205	...	...	89,307	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.1	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	584,180	...	...	52,215	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	54,363	...	...	49,922	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	50,317	...	...	46,048	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	3,689,080	...	...	341,235	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	115,328	...	...	101,410	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	94,410	...	...	83,132	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	1,280,580	...	...	127,710	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	104,425	...	...	95,583	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	84,952	...	...	77,743	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	1,717,295	...	...	150,695	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	140,590	...	...	122,176	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	114,144	...	...	99,399	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	581,945	...	...	52,130	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	67,748	...	...	60,006	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	58,742	...	...	52,307	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	1,818,815	867,175	951,640	175,270	86,935	88,335
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	32,097	33,925	30,753	32,927	35,568	30,818
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	29,417	30,678	28,442	29,429	31,130	28,062
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	1,814,575	864,020	950,555	174,945	86,380	88,565
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	44,298	46,765	42,057	40,853	43,332	38,434
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	36,874	38,228	35,644	33,961	35,291	32,663
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	13,242,160	6,472,205	6,769,955	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
In the bottom half of the distribution	6,335,170	3,016,275	3,318,895	687,930	332,640	355,290
In the bottom decile	1,346,645	651,310	695,335	151,750	74,825	76,930
In the second decile	1,280,675	581,380	699,290	135,485	62,035	73,450
In the third decile	1,237,415	583,840	653,575	135,395	64,805	70,590
In the fourth decile	1,223,510	589,740	633,770	132,755	65,185	67,575
In the fifth decile	1,246,925	610,000	636,930	132,540	65,790	66,750
In the top half of the distribution	6,906,990	3,455,930	3,451,060	552,770	281,805	270,965
In the sixth decile	1,279,095	629,635	649,465	127,575	64,305	63,265
In the seventh decile	1,321,220	655,840	665,375	123,505	62,770	60,735
In the eighth decile	1,382,795	691,630	691,165	116,805	59,460	57,350
In the ninth decile	1,464,415	736,030	728,385	104,820	53,835	50,980
In the top decile	1,459,465	742,795	716,670	80,070	41,435	38,640
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	13,184,055	6,442,930	6,741,130	1,175,720	581,585	594,135
0 to 17 years	2,656,535	1,361,905	1,294,630	260,905	134,075	126,830
0 to 5 years	835,000	428,025	406,975	85,935	44,240	41,695
18 to 64 years	8,418,960	4,110,615	4,308,345	737,035	365,965	371,070
65 years and over	2,108,560	970,405	1,138,155	177,780	81,540	96,235
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,898,975	886,530	1,012,445	180,880	85,185	95,690
0 to 17 years	489,905	251,830	238,080	57,185	29,390	27,790
0 to 5 years	165,140	84,825	80,310	21,325	10,970	10,355
18 to 64 years	1,155,315	538,535	616,780	98,920	46,630	52,285
65 years and over	253,755	96,170	157,585	24,785	9,165	15,615
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.4	13.8	15.0	15.4	14.6	16.1
0 to 17 years (%)	18.4	18.5	18.4	21.9	21.9	21.9
0 to 5 years (%)	19.8	19.8	19.7	24.8	24.8	24.8
18 to 64 years (%)	13.7	13.1	14.3	13.4	12.7	14.1
65 years and over (%)	12.0	9.9	13.8	13.9	11.2	16.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,298,590	627,935	670,650	115,965	56,255	59,705
0 to 17 years	304,390	156,575	147,815	33,260	17,040	16,220
0 to 5 years	102,750	52,810	49,935	12,310	6,325	5,985
18 to 64 years	887,640	430,545	457,095	73,655	35,895	37,760
65 years and over	106,555	40,815	65,740	9,045	3,325	5,725
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	9.8	9.7	9.9	9.9	9.7	10.0
0 to 17 years (%)	11.5	11.5	11.4	12.7	12.7	12.8
0 to 5 years (%)	12.3	12.3	12.3	14.3	14.3	14.4
18 to 64 years (%)	10.5	10.5	10.6	10.0	9.8	10.2
65 years and over (%)	5.1	4.2	5.8	5.1	4.1	5.9
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,925	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Official languages	12,918,075	6,342,930	6,575,145	1,224,985	607,375	617,605
English	12,879,045	6,326,225	6,552,825	1,223,665	606,760	616,905
French	1,521,020	677,505	843,510	108,560	49,435	59,130
Non-official languages	4,431,270	2,115,510	2,315,760	340,250	165,150	175,100
Aboriginal languages	33,855	15,815	18,035	40,465	19,410	21,050
Algonquian languages	30,630	14,505	16,125	38,305	18,375	19,930
Blackfoot	15	15	0	10	0	10
Cree-Montagnais languages	6,560	3,160	3,395	20,975	10,025	10,955
Atikamekw	10	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Moose Cree	145	70	75	0	0	10
Naskapi	25	10	10	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	65	25	45	85	25	55
Plains Cree	105	50	50	190	90	100
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	605	255	350	1,140	505	640
Woods Cree	45	25	25	130	65	65
Cree, n.o.s.	5,620	2,760	2,865	19,435	9,340	10,095
Eastern Algonquian languages	180	95	85	10	10	0
Malecite	20	20	0	10	10	0
Mi'kmaq	160	75	85	10	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	23,980	11,285	12,690	17,710	8,520	9,185
Algonquin	205	95	105	10	0	0
Ojibway	16,220	7,600	8,630	9,685	4,560	5,125
Oji-Cree	7,515	3,585	3,935	8,045	3,975	4,070
Ottawa (Odawa)	200	105	100	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	85	40	50	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	85	25	65	1,120	525	595
Northern Athabaskan languages	80	25	55	1,110	520	590
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	10	0	10	0	0	0
Chilcotin	10	0	10	0	0	0
Dene	45	20	30	1,110	520	595
Dogrib (Tlicho)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Gwich'in	10	0	10	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	10	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	840	320	525	110	55	55
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	10	0	10	10	10	0
Inuktitut	730	285	445	80	35	45
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	105	35	70	20	15	10
Iroquoian languages	1,940	810	1,125	15	10	10
Cayuga	120	35	85	0	0	0
Mohawk	1,625	710	915	15	10	10
Oneida	180	55	125	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	50	25	25	0	0	10
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	180	65	110	210	115	95
Salish languages	10	0	10	0	0	10
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	10	0	10
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages	40	10	30	760	365	395
Dakota	20	10	10	760	360	400
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	20	0	15	0	10	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	10	10	0	10	0	10
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	10	10	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	210	100	110	35	15	20
Non-Aboriginal languages	4,397,690	2,099,820	2,297,865	299,900	145,795	154,110
Afro-Asiatic languages	362,645	183,050	179,595	15,730	8,320	7,410
Berber languages	925	505	415	85	50	40
Kabyle	530	280	255	45	25	20
Berber languages, n.i.e.	390	225	165	50	35	10
Cushitic languages	34,160	15,155	19,000	2,300	1,195	1,105
Bilen	355	200	160	210	120	85
Oromo	2,075	905	1,175	535	275	260
Somali	31,535	13,925	17,610	1,550	790	760
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	370	170	205	15	15	10
Semitic languages	330,315	168,750	161,570	13,685	7,300	6,390
Amharic	16,010	7,565	8,445	2,475	1,370	1,105
Arabic	246,015	127,015	119,000	6,650	3,590	3,055
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	17,825	8,775	9,050	15	0	10
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	6,185	3,045	3,140	10	0	0
Harari	1,310	660	645	0	10	0
Hebrew	43,255	22,165	21,090	3,370	1,735	1,635
Maltese	7,020	3,455	3,570	65	30	35
Tigrigna	9,385	4,320	5,065	2,225	1,175	1,050
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	1,985	1,010	975	15	10	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	1,125	535	590	155	80	80
Austro-Asiatic languages	99,830	46,210	53,620	5,230	2,545	2,685
Khmer (Cambodian)	10,045	4,490	5,550	335	185	150
Vietnamese	90,265	41,965	48,300	4,905	2,370	2,535
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	60	10	50	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	249,435	98,295	151,150	65,305	30,220	35,090
Bikol	755	340	425	225	100	125
Cebuano	9,475	3,650	5,830	1,615	805	810
Fijian	110	40	65	65	35	30
Hiligaynon	3,110	1,205	1,910	425	180	245
Ilocano	15,235	5,940	9,295	1,875	880	990
Malagasy	215	115	100	0	0	0
Malay	9,780	4,500	5,280	375	180	195
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	1,935	855	1,080	945	415	530
Pangasinan	565	245	320	205	100	110
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	232,935	91,110	141,820	64,165	29,640	34,520
Waray-Waray	410	125	285	115	55	55
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	1,785	755	1,030	200	80	120
Creole languages	30,260	13,525	16,735	1,310	605	705
Haitian Creole	1,430	605	830	25	10	15
Creole, n.o.s.	19,375	8,480	10,895	635	310	315
Creole languages, n.i.e.	9,685	4,525	5,155	680	305	375
Dravidian languages	196,315	97,975	98,335	1,840	945	895
Kannada	5,775	2,930	2,845	175	95	80
Malayalam	22,880	11,535	11,345	830	400	430
Tamil	157,700	77,975	79,730	655	330	325
Telugu	16,315	8,925	7,390	255	150	110
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	495	250	240	15	10	10
Hmong-Mien languages	545	265	280	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	2,608,060	1,265,535	1,342,525	175,950	86,435	89,510
Albanian	22,375	11,180	11,195	390	195	195
Armenian	18,435	8,860	9,575	65	50	15
Balto-Slavic languages	473,565	221,450	252,120	39,530	18,780	20,745
Baltic languages	10,545	4,495	6,050	230	90	140
Latvian	4,675	2,070	2,610	115	45	70
Lithuanian	5,875	2,430	3,445	120	50	65
Slavic languages	465,170	217,885	247,285	39,360	18,720	20,640
Belarusan	1,360	680	680	65	25	45
Bosnian	9,915	4,905	5,010	835	405	430
Bulgarian	10,410	5,060	5,350	155	95	60
Croatian	46,580	22,880	23,700	1,595	765	825
Czech	14,045	6,615	7,430	735	335	395
Macedonian	21,505	10,365	11,140	140	75	60
Polish	142,985	65,415	77,575	7,655	3,625	4,035
Russian	138,735	64,355	74,380	13,455	6,715	6,740
Serbian	53,250	26,725	26,525	870	470	400
Serbo-Croatian	5,815	2,845	2,965	190	75	115
Slovak	12,035	5,550	6,490	480	215	260
Slovene (Slovenian)	7,935	3,550	4,390	275	100	175
Ukrainian	54,615	24,125	30,490	17,095	7,795	9,305
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	1,750	935	815	70	35	30
Celtic languages	3,800	1,880	1,920	225	125	100
Scottish Gaelic	1,480	720	765	90	65	25
Welsh	685	300	390	90	45	45
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	1,650	870	785	45	15	25
Germanic languages	274,305	130,610	143,700	68,285	33,250	35,035
Afrikaans	7,360	3,625	3,735	715	330	385
Danish	5,440	2,455	2,980	270	120	150
Dutch	63,410	29,875	33,535	3,120	1,555	1,565
Frisian	1,655	820	835	90	65	30
German	189,035	90,730	98,305	61,760	30,170	31,600
Icelandic	285	130	155	560	225	335
Norwegian	2,140	975	1,165	290	115	175
Swedish	5,125	2,345	2,785	270	125	150
Vlaams (Flemish)	2,275	1,050	1,225	270	120	155
Yiddish	7,175	3,535	3,640	545	235	315
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	3,290	1,645	1,645	2,490	1,285	1,205
Greek	80,690	40,105	40,590	2,010	1,015	1,000
Indo-Iranian languages	915,765	463,175	452,585	38,760	20,480	18,280
Indo-Aryan languages	759,390	384,940	374,450	35,830	18,990	16,835
Bengali	59,685	30,420	29,265	1,520	885	635
Gujarati	103,890	52,380	51,510	3,905	2,065	1,840
Hindi	250,095	127,765	122,335	12,900	6,900	6,000
Kashmiri	600	300	300	20	15	10
Konkani	5,490	2,515	2,975	40	30	10
Marathi	10,360	5,380	4,980	275	170	105
Nepali	10,245	5,115	5,135	600	285	315
Oriya (Odia)	1,090	515	570	15	10	10
Punjabi (Panjabi)	282,065	145,050	137,015	22,900	12,035	10,865
Sindhi	11,515	5,385	6,130	150	85	65
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	18,555	9,230	9,330	920	500	420
Urdu	231,500	117,305	114,190	4,600	2,540	2,060
Iranian languages	163,490	81,710	81,785	3,035	1,525	1,515
Kurdish	8,795	4,755	4,040	600	295	305
Pashto	15,315	8,145	7,170	290	135	150
Persian (Farsi)	145,465	72,275	73,190	2,295	1,175	1,120
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	4,665	2,495	2,175	230	125	105
Italic (Romance) languages	880,330	418,225	462,105	34,360	16,630	17,735
Catalan	515	275	240	15	10	10
Italian	333,645	161,190	172,455	5,350	2,610	2,735
Portuguese	193,520	93,885	99,635	8,460	4,125	4,335
Romanian	49,635	23,205	26,430	785	395	390
Spanish	337,615	156,040	181,580	20,605	9,910	10,695
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	1,355	745	605	60	45	15
Japanese	25,675	11,535	14,140	1,160	550	605
Kartvelian languages	1,555	775	780	10	0	15
Georgian	1,555	770	785	15	0	15
Korean	79,175	36,930	42,245	4,240	2,100	2,145
Mongolic languages	515	225	285	55	20	35
Mongolian	515	225	285	55	20	30
Niger-Congo languages	70,570	33,620	36,945	7,970	4,125	3,845
Akan (Twi)	15,950	7,520	8,435	260	165	95
Bamanankan	385	195	185	160	95	65
Edo	2,130	930	1,195	95	60	30
Ewe	880	435	445	50	30	20
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	700	320	375	50	25	25
Ga	1,340	645	695	30	10	15
Ganda	1,225	550	675	230	110	120
Igbo	4,025	2,105	1,920	665	345	325
Lingala	4,885	2,165	2,720	655	315	345
Rundi (Kirundi)	2,555	1,080	1,475	205	105	105
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	2,220	885	1,330	305	155	155
Shona	2,350	1,055	1,300	250	110	140
Swahili	16,750	8,110	8,640	1,930	1,020	905
Wolof	730	355	375	150	85	70
Yoruba	10,495	5,345	5,150	2,630	1,330	1,295
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	11,210	5,255	5,950	1,440	765	680
Nilo-Saharan languages	2,025	1,020	1,010	410	225	185
Dinka	415	220	200	180	105	75
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	1,615	805	810	225	120	105
Sign languages	18,865	7,645	11,220	2,670	985	1,685
American Sign Language	10,220	3,695	6,525	1,710	625	1,090
Quebec Sign Language	235	60	180	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	8,690	4,005	4,680	975	365	610
Sino-Tibetan languages	689,145	324,575	364,565	21,130	10,490	10,650
Chinese languages	679,170	319,635	359,530	20,475	10,185	10,285
Cantonese	341,875	159,280	182,600	8,310	3,920	4,390
Hakka	7,865	3,445	4,420	50	30	20
Mandarin	385,395	179,890	205,510	12,825	6,460	6,365
Min Dong	810	330	480	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	16,980	7,650	9,330	480	230	250
Wu (Shanghainese)	8,305	3,860	4,440	185	95	85
Chinese, n.o.s.	16,455	7,710	8,745	1,115	600	510
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	185	95	90	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10,460	5,200	5,260	675	310	370
Burmese	2,215	1,055	1,165	185	115	70
Karenic languages	1,820	905	920	465	200	265
Tibetan	5,695	2,845	2,850	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	1,245	645	605	145	60	80
Tai-Kadai languages	11,120	4,945	6,180	1,565	730	835
Lao	6,740	3,215	3,520	1,120	520	600
Thai	5,195	2,065	3,135	575	270	305
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	10	10	0
Turkic languages	33,335	17,310	16,025	510	250	265
Azerbaijani	3,260	1,710	1,550	50	25	30
Turkish	27,850	14,510	13,340	365	180	185
Uyghur	700	350	345	30	15	10
Uzbek	1,405	700	705	40	20	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	915	450	465	45	15	30
Uralic languages	58,370	27,060	31,310	1,550	730	815
Estonian	4,785	2,155	2,625	45	20	25
Finnish	11,145	4,865	6,280	265	105	160
Hungarian	42,545	20,070	22,480	1,235	600	635
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	3,675	1,950	1,725	445	290	150
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	12,223,065	5,987,360	6,235,705	1,133,080	560,165	572,920
Canadian citizens aged under 18	2,546,075	1,305,820	1,240,255	266,225	136,640	129,585
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	9,676,990	4,681,540	4,995,445	866,855	423,520	443,335
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	1,019,095	484,880	534,215	107,620	54,280	53,340
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920	1,240,700	614,445	626,255
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	9,188,815	4,555,270	4,633,545	996,860	494,285	502,570
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	3,852,145	1,814,665	2,037,480	227,465	111,095	116,365
Before 1981	1,077,745	507,500	570,240	50,025	23,340	26,680
1981 to 1990	513,995	246,235	267,755	20,205	10,190	10,010
1991 to 2000	834,510	390,315	444,195	23,040	11,165	11,875
2001 to 2010	953,730	446,895	506,835	70,985	35,305	35,680
2001 to 2005	490,560	230,950	259,610	22,570	11,195	11,370
2006 to 2010	463,170	215,945	247,225	48,415	24,110	24,305
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	472,170	223,715	248,450	63,210	31,095	32,120
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	201,200	102,305	98,895	16,375	9,055	7,320
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	3,852,145	1,814,665	2,037,485	227,470	111,100	116,370
Under 5 years	369,955	184,255	185,705	25,595	12,975	12,625
5 to 14 years	685,085	345,865	339,225	45,570	23,305	22,265
15 to 24 years	855,475	381,025	474,450	44,585	20,820	23,770
25 to 44 years	1,579,500	741,340	838,160	93,700	45,160	48,540
45 years and over	362,130	162,180	199,945	18,010	8,845	9,170
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	3,852,145	1,814,665	2,037,480	227,465	111,095	116,365
Americas	598,950	265,930	333,025	31,980	15,285	16,700
Brazil	14,705	6,700	8,010	435	170	265
Colombia	28,815	13,085	15,730	1,050	510	545
El Salvador	20,920	10,165	10,750	2,480	1,325	1,155
Guyana	79,745	35,325	44,420	1,135	515	620
Haiti	10,195	4,410	5,785	155	75	80
Jamaica	119,840	51,320	68,525	1,810	835	970
Mexico	30,075	13,895	16,185	6,655	3,330	3,320
Peru	10,550	4,660	5,895	235	85	150
Trinidad and Tobago	52,810	23,515	29,300	1,505	785	720
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	109,005	47,170	61,830	7,100	3,100	4,000
Other places of birth in Americas	122,280	55,685	66,600	9,425	4,550	4,875
Europe	1,144,295	546,250	598,050	56,705	27,815	28,890
Bosnia and Herzegovina	21,300	10,655	10,645	1,055	530	525
Croatia	27,330	13,495	13,835	975	445	535
France	13,385	6,310	7,070	795	425	365
Germany	63,460	29,685	33,775	10,390	5,215	5,175
Greece	36,575	18,225	18,350	820	445	375
Hungary	22,085	10,495	11,590	815	435	375
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	15,275	7,415	7,860	650	310	340
Italy	157,815	78,510	79,305	2,755	1,405	1,350
Netherlands	47,400	23,910	23,490	2,250	1,185	1,060
Poland	96,000	43,155	52,845	5,280	2,455	2,820
Portugal	103,025	50,240	52,785	4,380	2,170	2,210
Romania	42,720	19,720	23,000	720	345	375
Russian Federation	42,980	18,540	24,440	4,245	2,035	2,210
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	23,695	11,610	12,085	355	175	175
Ukraine	39,945	18,150	21,795	4,765	2,250	2,515
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	264,125	125,730	138,390	11,665	5,655	6,015
Other places of birth in Europe	127,190	60,395	66,790	4,790	2,325	2,470
Africa	226,770	109,585	117,185	17,975	9,495	8,485
Algeria	2,925	1,480	1,450	115	60	55
Egypt	34,510	18,000	16,510	980	525	455
Ethiopia	15,570	7,230	8,340	2,525	1,360	1,165
Kenya	14,940	6,910	8,025	935	470	465
Morocco	5,485	2,690	2,795	250	140	110
Nigeria	20,630	10,285	10,345	3,820	2,070	1,750
Somalia	16,970	6,845	10,125	755	350	415
South Africa, Republic of	19,390	9,545	9,840	975	465	505
Other places of birth in Africa	96,355	46,610	49,745	7,630	4,055	3,570
Asia	1,869,805	886,570	983,240	120,230	58,215	62,015
Afghanistan	33,145	16,490	16,655	615	285	330
Bangladesh	39,410	19,970	19,440	880	475	400
China^{Census data footnote 59}	317,225	143,705	173,515	9,250	4,460	4,790
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	108,030	50,945	57,090	1,460	715	735
India	360,540	179,950	180,590	21,990	11,395	10,595
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	86,810	43,445	43,360	1,180	655	530
Iraq	50,390	25,280	25,115	860	460	400
Japan	8,145	2,550	5,585	225	70	150
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	57,085	26,660	30,425	2,880	1,415	1,470
Lebanon	34,545	18,145	16,405	265	165	100
Pakistan	142,265	71,925	70,345	3,125	1,675	1,450
Philippines	231,760	93,730	138,030	61,950	28,800	33,150
Sri Lanka	109,855	53,640	56,215	1,015	515	505
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	22,680	11,405	11,270	805	390	410
Taiwan	17,840	7,775	10,065	215	110	110
Viet Nam	80,525	36,545	43,985	4,225	2,035	2,185
Other places of birth in Asia	169,555	84,400	85,160	9,285	4,590	4,695
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	12,330	6,330	5,990	575	290	280
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	472,170	223,720	248,450	63,210	31,095	32,115
Americas	60,700	29,005	31,700	4,130	1,840	2,290
Brazil	3,180	1,505	1,675	100	35	65
Colombia	4,520	2,005	2,520	185	70	120
Cuba	1,950	910	1,045	75	25	55
Haiti	2,575	1,140	1,435	15	10	0
Jamaica	8,935	4,840	4,090	340	175	165
Mexico	5,670	2,745	2,925	875	415	465
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	14,635	7,225	7,405	970	445	525
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	2,460	1,120	1,340	75	30	40
Other places of birth in Americas	16,775	7,510	9,265	1,490	640	850
Europe	45,295	22,250	23,045	5,155	2,650	2,505
France	2,010	1,025	985	135	70	75
Germany	1,695	885	805	580	310	265
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	1,900	1,185	715	135	80	60
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	880	400	480	160	85	70
Romania	2,425	995	1,430	70	30	35
Russian Federation	4,905	1,790	3,115	1,145	530	610
Ukraine	4,455	2,005	2,445	1,320	670	650
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	7,780	4,515	3,265	550	290	265
Other places of birth in Europe	19,245	9,450	9,795	1,060	590	470
Africa	39,380	19,045	20,330	7,860	4,120	3,735
Algeria	415	180	240	20	10	10
Cameroon	1,390	640	750	65	45	20
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	1,835	845	990	740	360	380
Côte d'Ivoire	605	245	360	95	35	60
Egypt	8,220	4,290	3,935	415	220	190
Eritrea	2,055	1,010	1,045	795	430	360
Ethiopia	2,505	1,115	1,385	810	425	380
Morocco	655	275	375	70	30	35
Nigeria	5,910	2,895	3,015	2,630	1,415	1,215
Somalia	2,065	965	1,100	385	160	215
South Africa, Republic of	1,410	715	695	225	110	120
Tunisia	310	155	150	65	45	20
Other places of birth in Africa	12,010	5,715	6,295	1,555	820	735
Asia	324,820	152,205	172,615	45,915	22,395	23,520
Afghanistan	5,785	2,845	2,945	60	35	25
Bangladesh	8,180	4,055	4,125	360	195	170
China^{Census data footnote 59}	58,840	26,025	32,815	3,390	1,635	1,760
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	1,985	800	1,190	185	105	80
India	69,325	35,060	34,265	10,915	5,675	5,240
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	21,225	10,300	10,930	425	230	195
Iraq	14,645	7,315	7,330	330	175	155
Israel	2,050	1,085	970	595	340	260
Japan	1,385	370	1,015	45	25	25
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	6,320	2,855	3,470	1,300	665	640
Lebanon	3,230	1,685	1,545	140	100	35
Nepal	3,395	1,725	1,665	210	70	140
Pakistan	25,435	12,425	13,015	1,535	800	735
Philippines	53,190	21,740	31,450	22,885	10,645	12,245
Saudi Arabia	3,140	1,615	1,530	325	145	180
Sri Lanka	8,185	3,580	4,605	250	140	115
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	12,710	6,590	6,120	635	325	310
Taiwan	1,015	435	580	20	0	10
Turkey	2,590	1,440	1,145	40	30	10
United Arab Emirates	4,290	2,230	2,055	110	55	55
Viet Nam	3,885	1,520	2,365	495	220	275
Other places of birth in Asia	13,995	6,505	7,485	1,650	785	870
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	1,980	1,215	765	150	80	70
Australia	1,535	965	565	80	25	60
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	445	250	200	65	55	15
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920	1,240,695	614,440	626,260
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	4,122,840	1,953,095	2,169,740	249,625	123,035	126,585
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	3,049,835	1,525,300	1,524,540	197,530	97,135	100,395
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	6,069,485	2,993,845	3,075,640	793,545	394,265	399,280
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	2,825,480	1,331,730	1,493,750	180,810	89,380	91,425
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	1,364,380	677,695	686,685	119,845	60,680	59,165
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	540,795	338,460	202,335	44,415	27,435	16,980
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	823,580	339,240	484,350	75,430	33,250	42,185
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	940,405	382,890	557,520	39,875	17,355	22,525
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	482,665	253,750	228,910	20,550	11,155	9,395
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	38,035	17,400	20,640	540	195	345
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	374,395	179,970	194,420	223,310	108,495	114,815
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	361,125	173,685	187,445	220,470	107,145	113,330
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	236,680	112,840	123,845	130,510	62,955	67,550
Métis	120,585	59,015	61,570	89,355	43,895	45,465
Inuk (Inuit)	3,860	1,835	2,030	610	295	310
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	5,730	2,680	3,045	2,020	985	1,030
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	7,540	3,615	3,930	820	365	450
Non-Aboriginal identity	12,867,765	6,292,265	6,575,500	1,017,385	505,945	511,445
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,925	1,240,700	614,440	626,255
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	170,895	81,560	89,335	127,250	61,300	65,950
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	13,071,265	6,390,680	6,680,585	1,113,450	553,140	560,305
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920	1,240,700	614,440	626,255
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	112,875	54,840	58,035	110,630	53,980	56,645
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	111,575	54,180	57,395	108,055	52,775	55,285
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	97,430	47,130	50,305	93,070	45,490	47,580
Métis single ancestry	12,925	6,490	6,435	14,835	7,210	7,625
Inuit single ancestry	1,220	565	655	155	75	80
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	1,295	665	640	2,570	1,205	1,365
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	1,055	545	510	2,495	1,160	1,335
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	145	70	75	50	30	15
Métis and Inuit ancestries	65	25	40	15	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	30	20	10	10	10	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	405,425	192,320	213,100	114,605	55,480	59,120
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	395,205	187,695	207,510	107,535	52,250	55,285
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	276,920	130,810	146,110	40,265	19,440	20,820
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	113,785	54,830	58,955	66,810	32,600	34,215
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	4,500	2,050	2,450	460	210	250
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	10,215	4,620	5,590	7,070	3,235	3,835
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	9,305	4,205	5,100	6,800	3,100	3,705
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	595	290	305	120	65	55
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	300	125	170	130	55	80
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	0	10	10	10	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	12,723,865	6,225,080	6,498,785	1,015,465	504,980	510,485
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	3,885,585	1,878,075	2,007,505	216,850	108,315	108,530
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	1,150,415	582,010	568,400	42,060	22,200	19,855
Chinese	754,550	359,230	395,315	22,540	11,340	11,195
Black	627,715	296,270	331,445	30,335	15,790	14,550
Filipino	311,675	132,440	179,230	79,815	37,935	41,885
Latin American	195,950	93,645	102,310	9,895	4,840	5,050
Arab	210,435	109,585	100,850	5,030	2,705	2,325
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	133,855	63,255	70,605	8,565	4,155	4,410
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	154,670	77,385	77,280	2,695	1,420	1,270
Korean	88,935	42,445	46,495	4,375	2,195	2,180
Japanese	30,830	13,595	17,235	1,850	880	975
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	97,970	46,105	51,860	3,195	1,610	1,590
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	128,585	62,105	66,485	6,485	3,235	3,250
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	9,356,575	4,594,165	4,762,410	1,023,850	506,125	517,725
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920	1,240,700	614,440	626,255
North American Aboriginal origins	518,300	247,160	271,135	225,230	109,465	115,770
First Nations (North American Indian)	385,505	183,075	202,430	142,820	69,305	73,510
Inuit	6,870	3,150	3,720	955	460	500
Métis	137,485	66,245	71,235	91,120	44,150	46,970
Other North American origins	3,220,595	1,585,255	1,635,340	247,670	123,075	124,600
Acadian	16,580	8,135	8,450	645	325	320
American	140,165	67,480	72,690	9,220	4,605	4,615
Canadian	3,109,770	1,531,645	1,578,125	240,835	119,610	121,225
New Brunswicker	320	190	125	10	0	10
Newfoundlander	10,850	5,520	5,325	215	130	90
Nova Scotian	1,485	685	800	20	15	0
Ontarian	2,165	1,085	1,075	20	20	0
Québécois	5,390	2,730	2,665	280	150	125
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	675	375	300	30	10	25
European origins	8,151,470	3,978,900	4,172,570	826,210	406,770	419,445
British Isles origins	4,900,430	2,380,595	2,519,835	421,515	206,840	214,675
Channel Islander	1,120	530	590	45	25	25
Cornish	755	370	385	85	45	40
English	2,808,805	1,357,650	1,451,160	245,960	119,975	125,985
Irish	2,095,460	991,625	1,103,835	156,145	74,290	81,850
Manx	2,450	1,320	1,130	200	100	100
Scottish	2,107,295	1,016,260	1,091,030	208,065	100,790	107,265
Welsh	198,475	94,555	103,920	17,760	8,575	9,180
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	323,185	152,525	170,660	19,610	9,260	10,355
French origins	1,350,520	643,360	707,160	148,810	72,060	76,750
Alsatian	1,235	495	740	20	15	15
Breton	290	175	120	120	40	75
Corsican	205	125	85	0	10	0
French	1,349,255	642,790	706,470	148,740	72,020	76,720
Western European origins (except French origins)	1,766,975	864,010	902,970	286,985	141,285	145,705
Austrian	72,475	35,415	37,065	12,325	6,190	6,135
Bavarian	450	225	230	15	10	0
Belgian	57,890	28,460	29,430	21,510	10,495	11,020
Dutch	527,750	259,585	268,165	55,525	27,375	28,150
Flemish	4,005	2,005	1,995	965	445	515
Frisian	2,705	1,400	1,305	140	75	55
German	1,189,670	579,315	610,355	220,735	108,650	112,080
Luxembourger	915	500	415	155	65	90
Swiss	59,835	29,395	30,440	5,475	2,660	2,810
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	1,095	560	530	140	65	75
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	266,085	127,885	138,195	80,295	38,580	41,720
Danish	53,555	26,355	27,195	7,895	3,850	4,050
Finnish	76,755	36,955	39,800	4,000	1,905	2,095
Icelandic	13,215	6,325	6,895	31,090	15,265	15,825
Norwegian	59,335	28,350	30,980	19,600	9,145	10,455
Swedish	71,035	32,705	38,325	22,470	10,530	11,945
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	12,540	6,400	6,140	2,540	1,260	1,285
Eastern European origins	1,339,610	644,610	695,000	287,695	141,310	146,380
Bulgarian	16,750	8,230	8,525	330	190	145
Byelorussian	11,690	5,645	6,045	885	430	455
Czech	42,340	20,815	21,530	4,590	2,165	2,425
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	14,810	6,820	7,990	2,155	1,120	1,040
Estonian	15,075	7,255	7,825	190	80	115
Hungarian	163,500	79,850	83,655	10,120	4,990	5,125
Latvian	18,095	8,615	9,480	1,365	655	715
Lithuanian	35,100	16,965	18,135	1,455	750	705
Moldovan	3,905	1,910	1,995	325	170	160
Polish	523,490	251,575	271,910	88,090	42,670	45,420
Romanian	98,235	46,825	51,410	5,835	2,790	3,045
Russian	220,850	103,650	117,200	58,225	28,625	29,605
Slovak	40,535	19,645	20,885	2,190	1,055	1,135
Ukrainian	376,440	181,725	194,715	180,055	88,615	91,445
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	10,330	4,940	5,390	895	415	480
Southern European origins	1,772,160	880,335	891,830	59,915	29,445	30,470
Albanian	25,980	13,085	12,895	415	220	195
Bosnian	14,680	7,255	7,425	1,030	505	520
Catalan	285	180	110	15	0	15
Croatian	82,220	41,350	40,875	2,930	1,430	1,500
Cypriot	4,400	2,170	2,230	45	25	15
Greek	148,555	74,830	73,720	4,130	2,070	2,060
Italian	931,805	467,100	464,705	23,210	11,675	11,530
Kosovar	1,305	655	650	45	20	25
Macedonian	39,440	19,820	19,625	225	120	110
Maltese	35,255	17,525	17,730	360	165	195
Montenegrin	2,545	1,295	1,250	40	10	30
Portuguese	324,930	160,970	163,960	14,540	7,215	7,320
Serbian	66,835	34,035	32,800	1,240	660	580
Sicilian	4,190	2,090	2,100	235	110	125
Slovenian	26,485	13,215	13,275	1,005	485	520
Spanish	171,145	78,880	92,265	12,625	5,680	6,945
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	20,245	9,785	10,460	1,060	540	525
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	965	425	540	65	40	30
Other European origins	105,865	53,050	52,820	10,950	5,550	5,400
Basque	1,585	805	780	100	65	35
Jewish	77,280	38,860	38,425	8,455	4,250	4,200
Roma (Gypsy)	2,295	1,050	1,245	155	70	85
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	2,065	1,110	955	185	100	85
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	23,290	11,540	11,750	2,130	1,090	1,040
Caribbean origins	462,600	213,660	248,940	10,805	5,355	5,450
Antiguan	3,275	1,480	1,800	60	20	40
Bahamian	2,305	1,190	1,115	60	35	25
Barbadian	26,625	12,375	14,250	740	390	350
Bermudan	2,010	925	1,085	40	30	15
Carib	2,295	855	1,440	65	30	40
Cuban	14,490	6,625	7,865	340	155	190
Dominican	9,180	4,420	4,760	275	145	135
Grenadian	14,690	6,420	8,275	160	85	80
Guadeloupean	70	20	50	0	0	0
Haitian	17,715	8,085	9,630	235	90	150
Jamaican	257,060	119,100	137,955	4,585	2,250	2,335
Kittitian/Nevisian	2,260	1,090	1,175	10	10	0
Martinican	195	65	125	0	0	0
Montserratan	620	300	325	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	1,495	755	740	70	25	45
St. Lucian	7,170	3,195	3,985	30	20	15
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	59,560	27,850	31,710	2,395	1,240	1,160
Vincentian/Grenadinian	12,155	5,250	6,905	190	90	105
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	56,865	25,380	31,480	1,465	705	760
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	16,970	7,770	9,195	665	360	305
Latin, Central and South American origins	322,210	153,045	169,165	23,115	11,555	11,565
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	10,795	5,040	5,750	650	330	320
Arawak	1,055	470	585	10	10	10
Argentinian	11,460	5,620	5,840	475	230	245
Belizean	810	395	415	200	105	100
Bolivian	1,885	935	955	300	160	140
Brazilian	18,395	8,760	9,635	830	375	455
Chilean	14,625	7,015	7,610	1,520	720	795
Colombian	40,820	19,345	21,480	1,400	680	715
Costa Rican	2,790	1,380	1,410	65	40	25
Ecuadorian	20,385	9,650	10,735	125	70	55
Guatemalan	10,040	4,870	5,170	505	240	260
Guyanese	73,360	34,050	39,315	1,485	770	715
Hispanic	5,805	2,790	3,015	425	210	220
Honduran	3,360	1,590	1,765	520	245	280
Maya	2,500	1,285	1,215	220	135	80
Mexican	43,120	20,735	22,380	8,790	4,440	4,350
Nicaraguan	7,100	3,440	3,665	370	200	170
Panamanian	2,475	1,125	1,355	50	10	40
Paraguayan	600	280	320	2,080	1,070	1,010
Peruvian	14,780	6,985	7,800	350	130	225
Salvadorean	27,595	13,530	14,070	2,735	1,425	1,315
Uruguayan	4,200	2,150	2,050	35	10	20
Venezuelan	11,750	5,320	6,430	240	95	150
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	14,095	6,745	7,350	1,045	525	520
African origins	414,095	203,260	210,835	28,860	14,980	13,885
Central and West African origins	85,735	42,745	42,990	8,665	4,585	4,085
Akan	965	540	425	35	10	25
Angolan	1,635	815	820	10	10	0
Ashanti	1,205	620	585	25	10	10
Beninese	555	280	270	55	45	0
Burkinabe	415	190	225	20	10	10
Cameroonian	4,700	2,330	2,370	145	80	70
Chadian	645	320	325	10	10	0
Congolese	10,425	4,960	5,460	1,575	785	790
Edo	1,025	545	480	130	85	45
Ewe	180	95	80	15	10	10
Gabonese	170	80	90	25	20	10
Gambian	630	305	330	10	0	10
Ghanaian	24,850	12,060	12,790	380	220	170
Guinean	1,105	550	560	70	20	50
Ibo	1,940	1,035	905	435	205	225
Ivorian	1,350	600	745	120	45	75
Liberian	770	365	405	80	20	55
Malian	490	250	240	140	85	55
Malinké	345	160	185	35	20	10
Nigerian	26,560	13,620	12,940	3,860	2,130	1,735
Peulh	135	80	55	25	15	15
Senegalese	1,000	500	495	115	70	40
Sierra Leonean	1,175	585	585	320	155	165
Togolese	670	370	300	115	60	55
Wolof	80	45	35	25	10	15
Yoruba	4,055	2,155	1,900	1,050	540	510
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	4,745	2,340	2,410	545	260	285
North African origins	86,665	44,970	41,695	3,690	1,980	1,705
Algerian	4,065	2,035	2,030	100	35	60
Berber	1,845	985	860	150	90	55
Coptic	2,305	1,185	1,120	85	45	40
Dinka	205	110	95	30	25	10
Egyptian	52,845	27,465	25,375	1,335	720	620
Libyan	3,785	2,015	1,760	360	175	185
Maure	290	160	125	100	70	30
Moroccan	12,305	6,310	6,000	350	190	160
Sudanese	8,975	4,600	4,375	1,075	580	500
Tunisian	2,295	1,210	1,085	130	65	60
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	1,755	920	830	75	40	35
Southern and East African origins	128,910	61,680	67,230	10,500	5,420	5,080
Afrikaner	560	285	275	65	40	30
Amhara	720	360	360	140	100	45
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	870	455	415	150	90	65
Burundian	3,105	1,465	1,640	235	110	125
Djiboutian	1,035	460	575	45	30	15
Eritrean	11,870	5,740	6,125	2,300	1,240	1,055
Ethiopian	22,560	10,755	11,800	2,900	1,505	1,395
Harari	475	255	215	0	0	0
Kenyan	5,860	2,780	3,080	335	165	170
Malagasy	430	200	230	25	15	10
Mauritian	3,600	1,830	1,770	245	125	115
Oromo	1,290	610	685	325	185	140
Rwandan	3,215	1,380	1,830	300	145	155
Seychellois	350	140	205	45	20	30
Somali	40,995	19,200	21,795	1,740	900	845
South African	19,760	9,790	9,970	730	310	420
Tanzanian	2,610	1,300	1,315	90	55	30
Tigrian	770	395	375	320	200	120
Ugandan	2,950	1,445	1,505	255	125	130
Zambian	805	410	395	200	95	110
Zimbabwean	3,425	1,595	1,830	310	150	160
Zulu	440	225	215	30	15	10
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	8,475	3,900	4,570	440	230	210
Other African origins	119,670	57,245	62,420	6,670	3,350	3,325
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	17,380	7,720	9,660	825	405	415
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	103,560	50,150	53,410	5,925	2,965	2,965
Asian origins	3,100,450	1,506,795	1,593,655	178,655	88,885	89,765
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	523,340	265,615	257,730	11,850	6,130	5,715
Afghan	54,535	27,255	27,280	1,010	485	530
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	44,705	23,345	21,360	1,755	975	785
Armenian	29,675	14,570	15,105	495	250	250
Assyrian	12,075	6,140	5,935	40	30	10
Azerbaijani	4,105	1,995	2,110	55	35	20
Georgian	2,815	1,415	1,395	110	60	45
Hazara	680	390	290	0	0	0
Iranian	117,065	58,995	58,065	1,885	1,015	870
Iraqi	50,460	25,420	25,035	925	480	450
Israeli	17,080	8,890	8,185	775	410	360
Jordanian	9,660	5,110	4,545	235	100	135
Kazakh	1,325	610	715	335	185	145
Kurd	9,210	4,880	4,330	305	145	160
Kuwaiti	1,510	795	715	40	20	25
Kyrgyz	340	130	210	45	30	20
Lebanese	86,245	43,700	42,545	1,375	700	675
Palestinian	28,480	15,215	13,270	620	340	275
Pashtun	3,010	1,635	1,375	65	25	40
Saudi Arabian	3,660	1,975	1,685	170	95	70
Syrian	31,440	15,570	15,870	1,115	535	580
Tajik	1,850	880	970	55	20	40
Tatar	2,135	930	1,205	310	155	155
Turk	34,165	17,340	16,825	655	315	340
Turkmen	695	345	355	10	0	0
Uighur	755	385	375	10	10	0
Uzbek	2,400	1,155	1,240	70	45	20
Yemeni	4,225	2,065	2,155	100	45	55
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	16,270	8,395	7,875	305	145	155
South Asian origins	1,182,845	595,480	587,370	43,155	22,710	20,440
Bangladeshi	29,195	14,965	14,230	880	500	385
Bengali	15,235	7,795	7,445	200	115	85
Bhutanese	1,450	710	735	140	55	85
East Indian	774,500	390,015	384,480	34,470	18,110	16,355
Goan	4,775	2,245	2,525	50	30	30
Gujarati	5,915	3,055	2,860	220	120	100
Kashmiri	1,795	900	895	30	10	15
Nepali	8,150	4,070	4,080	500	250	250
Pakistani	149,060	75,860	73,200	3,370	1,795	1,575
Punjabi	55,455	28,580	26,875	3,830	1,995	1,840
Sinhalese	5,195	2,545	2,645	280	145	135
Sri Lankan	124,270	60,685	63,585	1,090	545	545
Tamil	42,760	21,705	21,050	245	145	105
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	58,705	29,705	29,005	725	415	305
East and Southeast Asian origins	1,422,890	659,650	763,245	124,100	60,175	63,925
Burmese	4,420	2,105	2,315	260	125	135
Cambodian (Khmer)	14,655	6,810	7,845	525	280	240
Chinese	849,345	403,280	446,065	30,150	14,980	15,170
Filipino	337,760	144,830	192,930	83,530	39,955	43,580
Hmong	650	340	305	0	0	0
Indonesian	9,325	4,305	5,025	530	265	265
Japanese	41,620	18,530	23,090	2,675	1,305	1,365
Karen	1,645	830	815	455	195	255
Korean	93,420	44,585	48,835	4,545	2,300	2,240
Laotian	9,875	4,865	5,015	1,730	820	910
Malaysian	7,310	3,370	3,935	470	240	230
Mongolian	2,940	1,390	1,545	150	60	90
Singaporean	1,260	565	700	20	10	10
Taiwanese	10,060	4,595	5,465	150	90	60
Thai	6,865	2,725	4,135	750	335	420
Tibetan	6,365	3,175	3,185	15	10	10
Vietnamese	107,640	51,350	56,290	5,850	2,915	2,935
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	4,375	2,165	2,210	145	70	80
Other Asian origins	13,430	6,575	6,855	575	320	260
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	13,430	6,575	6,855	575	320	260
Oceania origins	20,680	10,435	10,240	1,525	740	785
Australian	13,315	6,780	6,530	910	415	495
New Zealander	4,250	2,255	2,000	315	170	140
Pacific Islands origins	3,490	1,625	1,860	345	180	165
Fijian	1,610	665	945	80	45	30
Hawaiian	470	235	240	60	30	30
Maori	485	255	230	55	30	25
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	275	115	165	95	45	45
Samoan	225	140	85	25	0	15
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	555	265	290	65	30	35
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	5,169,175	...	...	489,050	...	...
Owner	3,601,825	...	...	336,170	...	...
Renter	1,559,720	...	...	140,260	...	...
Band housing	7,635	...	...	12,620	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	5,169,170	...	...	489,050	...	...
Condominium	680,495	...	...	33,325	...	...
Not condominium	4,488,680	...	...	455,725	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	5,169,175	...	...	489,050	...	...
No bedrooms	33,950	...	...	3,745	...	...
1 bedroom	699,980	...	...	63,040	...	...
2 bedrooms	1,122,145	...	...	121,520	...	...
3 bedrooms	1,876,905	...	...	175,500	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	1,436,185	...	...	125,240	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	5,169,170	...	...	489,050	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	1,369,660	...	...	132,410	...	...
5 rooms	718,020	...	...	82,935	...	...
6 rooms	770,730	...	...	78,750	...	...
7 rooms	713,595	...	...	64,560	...	...
8 or more rooms	1,597,165	...	...	130,400	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	5,169,175	...	...	489,050	...	...
One person or fewer per room	5,046,810	...	...	473,625	...	...
More than 1 person per room	122,360	...	...	15,420	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	5,169,175	...	...	489,050	...	...
Suitable	4,858,170	...	...	456,365	...	...
Not suitable	311,005	...	...	32,680	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	5,169,175	...	...	489,050	...	...
1960 or before	1,293,135	...	...	142,200	...	...
1961 to 1980	1,449,585	...	...	158,180	...	...
1981 to 1990	709,135	...	...	65,190	...	...
1991 to 2000	622,565	...	...	42,740	...	...
2001 to 2005	396,130	...	...	20,815	...	...
2006 to 2010	368,235	...	...	27,880	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	330,390	...	...	32,035	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	5,169,175	...	...	489,050	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	4,851,335	...	...	444,995	...	...
Major repairs needed	317,840	...	...	44,055	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	5,169,170	...	...	489,050	...	...
1 household maintainer	2,962,065	...	...	290,830	...	...
2 household maintainers	2,059,710	...	...	187,775	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	147,400	...	...	10,445	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	5,169,175	...	...	489,050	...	...
15 to 24 years	135,835	...	...	17,240	...	...
25 to 34 years	681,685	...	...	74,950	...	...
35 to 44 years	880,070	...	...	84,800	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,113,885	...	...	95,135	...	...
55 to 64 years	1,047,185	...	...	96,255	...	...
65 to 74 years	738,445	...	...	67,475	...	...
75 to 84 years	414,210	...	...	37,760	...	...
85 years and over	157,860	...	...	15,440	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	5,106,290	...	...	461,870	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	3,694,385	...	...	373,860	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,411,900	...	...	88,010	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,208,010	...	...	76,075	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	3,557,485	...	...	324,120	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	61.0	...	...	60.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	19.8	...	...	11.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,299	...	...	973	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,463	...	...	1,085	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	400,496	...	...	275,473	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	506,409	...	...	297,444	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,554,940	...	...	138,905	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	15.0	...	...	19.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	45.7	...	...	36.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,045	...	...	868	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,109	...	...	891	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685	1,001,305	491,580	509,725
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,935,355	961,690	973,670	220,390	116,570	103,820
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	3,026,100	1,485,320	1,540,770	296,355	147,040	149,320
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,076,985	2,895,745	3,181,235	484,555	227,975	256,585
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	664,180	471,055	193,120	77,000	54,090	22,910
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	324,370	199,510	124,855	37,490	21,985	15,500
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	339,810	271,545	68,260	39,515	32,110	7,410
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	2,298,715	981,785	1,316,930	177,620	72,785	104,840
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	242,005	107,065	134,945	28,940	12,075	16,860
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	2,872,085	1,335,845	1,536,250	200,990	89,020	111,970
Bachelor's degree	1,911,530	854,135	1,057,395	143,780	61,350	82,430
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	189,370	83,670	105,695	16,040	6,675	9,365
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	79,760	42,295	37,460	6,105	3,515	2,595
Master's degree	593,645	294,180	299,470	29,305	13,830	15,470
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	97,790	61,560	36,230	5,765	3,645	2,115
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	7,229,120	3,498,620	3,730,495	654,670	323,300	331,370
No certificate, diploma or degree	752,995	404,770	348,225	94,310	54,700	39,610
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	1,768,955	895,020	873,935	182,335	93,000	89,330
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,707,165	2,198,830	2,508,335	378,030	175,595	202,435
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	446,390	315,975	130,420	53,800	38,185	15,620
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	218,980	134,685	84,295	25,955	15,460	10,490
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	227,410	181,290	46,120	27,850	22,725	5,125
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	1,782,530	762,505	1,020,030	137,930	57,445	80,485
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	170,925	75,935	94,995	21,215	8,995	12,220
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	2,307,320	1,044,420	1,262,895	165,085	70,970	94,115
Bachelor's degree	1,519,850	668,450	851,400	119,150	50,120	69,035
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	148,960	62,370	86,590	12,185	4,840	7,350
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	63,790	30,895	32,895	5,075	2,705	2,370
Master's degree	500,415	239,160	261,255	24,410	10,815	13,595
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	74,310	43,545	30,765	4,270	2,495	1,770
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685	1,001,305	491,585	509,725
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	4,961,455	2,447,010	2,514,445	516,750	263,605	253,140
Education	349,745	79,245	270,505	44,855	11,705	33,145
13. Education	349,750	79,245	270,505	44,855	11,710	33,145
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	246,075	109,955	136,120	13,170	6,230	6,940
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	38,745	28,735	10,010	2,415	1,860	550
50. Visual and performing arts	207,325	81,220	126,110	10,755	4,365	6,390
Humanities	359,560	133,350	226,210	23,030	9,915	13,110
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	37,900	8,170	29,730	1,775	400	1,380
23. English language and literature/letters	98,440	28,290	70,145	3,905	1,110	2,795
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	95,345	32,940	62,410	7,065	2,820	4,240
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	2,165	805	1,365	60	25	30
38. Philosophy and religious studies	24,255	13,425	10,830	1,590	940	650
39. Theology and religious vocations	28,175	17,120	11,055	4,510	2,590	1,925
54. History	57,295	30,015	27,280	3,410	1,855	1,555
55. French language and literature/letters	15,990	2,590	13,400	705	175	530
Social and behavioural sciences and law	810,410	269,735	540,670	46,555	15,805	30,750
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10,765	2,210	8,560	880	220	660
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	81,500	31,825	49,675	3,115	1,225	1,890
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	141,750	11,775	129,975	10,760	795	9,965
22. Legal professions and studies	128,860	45,275	83,590	7,130	2,365	4,760
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	16,210	3,400	12,815	955	305	650
42. Psychology	122,545	29,640	92,905	8,155	2,385	5,770
45. Social sciences	308,775	145,620	163,155	15,565	8,510	7,055
Business, management and public administration	1,279,665	527,085	752,580	95,115	34,865	60,255
30.16 Accounting and computer science	2,725	895	1,830	320	105	210
44. Public administration and social service professions	108,935	21,405	87,530	7,670	1,875	5,790
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,168,005	504,780	663,225	87,125	32,875	54,250
Physical and life sciences and technologies	253,905	124,050	129,850	16,120	8,165	7,950
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	110,950	45,120	65,835	6,625	2,990	3,640
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	54,745	24,800	29,945	4,325	2,285	2,040
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	3,830	1,190	2,640	470	70	395
40. Physical sciences	72,355	48,145	24,205	3,685	2,585	1,095
41. Science technologies/technicians	12,025	4,795	7,235	1,020	240	780
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	290,045	185,310	104,730	18,425	11,380	7,050
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	220,550	150,765	69,790	15,225	10,050	5,175
25. Library science	15,220	2,450	12,770	1,140	175	965
27. Mathematics and statistics	49,025	28,515	20,515	1,945	1,080	865
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	5,235	3,580	1,655	120	75	40
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	1,173,030	1,055,050	117,985	96,625	89,275	7,350
04. Architecture and related services	51,845	34,590	17,265	2,420	1,380	1,040
14. Engineering	334,085	271,010	63,070	16,205	13,530	2,675
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	237,775	214,500	23,275	17,815	15,975	1,845
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	160	30	125	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	198,790	194,555	4,235	22,160	21,705	450
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	225,860	220,545	5,315	27,485	26,650	830
48. Precision production	124,515	119,820	4,695	10,530	10,030	505
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	106,895	67,015	39,880	14,540	10,260	4,275
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	66,035	41,790	24,240	11,380	8,280	3,100
03. Natural resources and conservation	40,860	25,230	15,635	3,160	1,980	1,180
Health and related fields	865,970	173,780	692,185	87,795	16,505	71,290
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	75,715	37,005	38,705	4,105	1,945	2,155
51. Health professions and related programs	767,680	124,280	643,400	81,865	13,450	68,415
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	22,575	12,490	10,075	1,825	1,110	715
Personal, protective and transportation services	340,285	170,915	169,375	28,275	13,845	14,435
12. Personal and culinary services	183,925	49,390	134,535	16,750	4,095	12,655
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	2,135	1,815	320	90	85	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	2,610	2,385	225	240	230	10
43. Security and protective services	98,325	68,625	29,695	5,005	3,680	1,330
49. Transportation and materials moving	53,290	48,695	4,595	6,185	5,750	435
Other	1,405	260	1,145	60	30	35
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	1,405	255	1,145	60	25	35
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	7,229,120	3,498,625	3,730,500	654,670	323,300	331,375
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	2,521,950	1,299,790	1,222,160	276,645	147,710	128,935
Education	243,635	52,670	190,965	31,645	7,860	23,785
13. Education	243,635	52,670	190,965	31,650	7,865	23,785
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	192,630	85,175	107,450	10,350	4,875	5,475
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	28,705	21,070	7,635	1,815	1,335	480
50. Visual and performing arts	163,925	64,105	99,815	8,540	3,545	4,990
Humanities	266,665	95,805	170,855	17,250	7,370	9,880
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	29,210	5,775	23,435	1,485	330	1,155
23. English language and literature/letters	73,110	20,225	52,885	2,930	810	2,120
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	72,145	24,330	47,815	5,420	2,245	3,180
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	1,665	615	1,045	55	30	30
38. Philosophy and religious studies	17,755	9,925	7,830	1,230	715	515
39. Theology and religious vocations	19,390	11,790	7,605	3,255	1,835	1,420
54. History	42,315	21,735	20,585	2,365	1,275	1,090
55. French language and literature/letters	11,075	1,415	9,655	505	135	370
Social and behavioural sciences and law	648,285	207,200	441,085	38,120	12,380	25,740
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	8,630	1,785	6,845	740	185	555
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	67,115	26,015	41,105	2,575	965	1,610
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	111,550	8,405	103,145	8,805	605	8,195
22. Legal professions and studies	108,895	34,250	74,650	6,085	1,795	4,285
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	12,875	2,705	10,170	815	265	550
42. Psychology	93,770	21,045	72,725	6,370	1,720	4,645
45. Social sciences	245,445	113,000	132,445	12,730	6,835	5,895
Business, management and public administration	1,026,975	414,425	612,550	76,370	27,865	48,495
30.16 Accounting and computer science	2,225	715	1,510	270	95	175
44. Public administration and social service professions	88,130	16,590	71,540	6,145	1,335	4,810
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	936,620	397,120	539,500	69,950	26,440	43,510
Physical and life sciences and technologies	190,235	88,535	101,700	12,195	5,930	6,270
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	84,580	33,150	51,425	5,290	2,265	3,025
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	41,255	18,020	23,240	3,005	1,595	1,405
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	3,135	975	2,165	405	65	345
40. Physical sciences	52,490	33,175	19,310	2,805	1,855	950
41. Science technologies/technicians	8,775	3,215	5,555	690	150	545
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	252,275	162,360	89,915	15,955	9,965	5,985
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	198,775	136,120	62,655	13,600	9,015	4,585
25. Library science	10,755	1,765	8,995	790	135	650
27. Mathematics and statistics	38,160	21,440	16,720	1,465	760	700
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	4,580	3,030	1,550	100	60	45
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	878,300	779,075	99,225	73,680	67,440	6,240
04. Architecture and related services	42,115	27,365	14,745	2,025	1,160	865
14. Engineering	266,040	211,240	54,800	13,705	11,305	2,405
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	178,830	160,160	18,675	13,840	12,265	1,575
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	140	25	115	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	141,515	138,160	3,360	16,060	15,690	365
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	162,855	158,770	4,080	20,395	19,765	625
48. Precision production	86,805	83,355	3,450	7,655	7,250	405
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	82,775	49,710	33,065	11,450	7,800	3,645
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	50,160	30,065	20,095	8,760	6,170	2,590
03. Natural resources and conservation	32,615	19,650	12,965	2,695	1,635	1,060
Health and related fields	664,880	133,665	531,220	69,600	13,415	56,185
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	58,160	27,950	30,205	3,310	1,585	1,715
51. Health professions and related programs	589,085	96,720	492,365	64,870	11,020	53,850
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	17,640	8,990	8,645	1,430	810	620
Personal, protective and transportation services	259,400	129,985	129,415	21,365	10,660	10,705
12. Personal and culinary services	137,250	36,225	101,030	12,255	2,980	9,275
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	1,685	1,405	280	90	85	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	1,415	1,270	145	110	105	0
43. Security and protective services	77,190	52,840	24,345	4,025	2,945	1,080
49. Transportation and materials moving	41,855	38,245	3,610	4,885	4,545	340
Other	1,125	220	900	50	30	25
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	1,125	225	900	50	25	25
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685	1,001,305	491,585	509,725
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,961,460	2,447,010	2,514,445	516,750	263,610	253,145
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	6,076,985	2,895,745	3,181,240	484,555	227,975	256,585
Location of study inside Canada	4,786,950	2,261,260	2,525,690	403,775	188,230	215,540
Same as province or territory of residence	4,414,485	2,081,525	2,332,960	352,390	162,050	190,340
Different than province or territory of residence	372,470	179,735	192,730	51,385	26,185	25,200
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	1,290,035	634,485	655,545	80,785	39,745	41,040
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	167,260	89,350	77,910	9,155	4,910	4,245
Philippines	115,410	39,750	75,655	26,450	11,595	14,860
India	169,340	85,500	83,840	10,365	5,300	5,070
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	115,690	66,215	49,470	4,180	2,350	1,825
China^{Census data footnote 162}	98,415	46,230	52,185	2,865	1,330	1,535
France	10,775	5,800	4,975	395	235	165
Other	613,145	301,635	311,510	27,375	14,030	13,345
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	7,229,120	3,498,620	3,730,500	654,670	323,300	331,375
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,521,955	1,299,795	1,222,160	276,640	147,705	128,935
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	4,707,170	2,198,830	2,508,335	378,035	175,595	202,440
Location of study inside Canada	3,713,145	1,728,610	1,984,540	309,655	142,710	166,950
Same as province or territory of residence	3,432,015	1,593,170	1,838,850	270,435	123,090	147,340
Different than province or territory of residence	281,130	135,440	145,690	39,225	19,615	19,610
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	994,025	470,225	523,800	68,375	32,885	35,485
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	127,005	65,045	61,960	6,215	3,005	3,210
Philippines	97,230	32,925	64,300	24,495	10,775	13,720
India	143,205	70,040	73,175	9,430	4,770	4,660
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	62,325	34,315	28,010	2,465	1,385	1,080
China^{Census data footnote 162}	82,020	37,900	44,125	2,630	1,210	1,420
France	8,705	4,630	4,070	340	195	145
Other	473,530	225,365	248,160	22,805	11,555	11,255
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,680	1,001,305	491,580	509,725
In the labour force	7,141,675	3,689,625	3,452,055	662,155	347,685	314,465
Employed	6,612,150	3,414,255	3,197,895	617,465	322,130	295,335
Unemployed	529,525	275,370	254,160	44,690	25,560	19,130
Not in the labour force	3,896,765	1,653,130	2,243,630	339,155	143,895	195,260
Participation rate	64.7	69.1	60.6	66.1	70.7	61.7
Employment rate	59.9	63.9	56.1	61.7	65.5	57.9
Unemployment rate	7.4	7.5	7.4	6.7	7.4	6.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685	1,001,310	491,585	509,725
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	3,696,235	1,561,475	2,134,755	312,495	131,600	180,900
Worked	7,342,205	3,781,280	3,560,925	688,810	359,980	328,830
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	3,837,565	2,148,635	1,688,935	358,800	206,460	152,330
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	3,504,645	1,632,645	1,871,995	330,010	153,520	176,495
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.9	43.4	42.3	42.9	43.5	42.3
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	7,141,675	3,689,625	3,452,055	662,155	347,685	314,465
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	171,050	81,735	89,315	12,625	6,125	6,505
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	6,970,625	3,607,890	3,362,735	649,530	341,560	307,965
Employee	6,146,035	3,084,740	3,061,295	580,885	296,560	284,325
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	824,595	523,145	301,445	68,645	45,000	23,640
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	7,141,675	3,689,625	3,452,050	662,155	347,690	314,470
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	171,045	81,735	89,315	12,625	6,125	6,505
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	6,970,625	3,607,890	3,362,735	649,525	341,565	307,965
0 Management occupations	790,880	483,240	307,635	71,455	45,945	25,510
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,124,770	357,215	767,555	96,050	27,530	68,515
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	516,110	399,195	116,915	34,135	26,895	7,240
3 Health occupations	447,045	90,495	356,550	52,280	10,830	41,450
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	831,340	265,075	566,265	86,055	27,425	58,630
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	225,720	104,445	121,275	14,355	6,025	8,325
6 Sales and service occupations	1,632,085	709,375	922,710	144,490	62,735	81,760
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	927,820	866,870	60,950	102,660	97,500	5,160
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	113,405	88,150	25,260	18,400	14,490	3,910
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	361,455	243,835	117,620	29,650	22,180	7,475
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	7,141,675	3,689,625	3,452,050	662,155	347,685	314,465
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	171,050	81,730	89,315	12,625	6,120	6,500
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	6,970,625	3,607,890	3,362,735	649,525	341,560	307,965
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	102,070	67,005	35,070	28,680	20,765	7,920
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	32,340	27,920	4,415	5,460	4,830	635
22 Utilities	50,820	38,195	12,630	7,390	5,625	1,765
23 Construction	476,835	419,600	57,230	49,575	43,990	5,585
31-33 Manufacturing	683,335	482,800	200,530	54,645	40,800	13,845
41 Wholesale trade	270,745	178,945	91,800	21,890	16,040	5,850
44-45 Retail trade	783,540	367,175	416,365	69,700	33,960	35,740
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	329,240	242,045	87,190	35,490	28,350	7,145
51 Information and cultural industries	176,715	101,045	75,670	10,875	6,085	4,790
52 Finance and insurance	380,765	169,590	211,180	25,885	9,615	16,270
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	144,275	77,385	66,890	8,235	4,565	3,670
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	567,825	316,685	251,140	28,470	14,790	13,680
55 Management of companies and enterprises	12,365	5,290	7,075	635	250	380
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	338,640	190,210	148,430	22,285	13,105	9,170
61 Educational services	528,470	163,680	364,795	55,025	17,480	37,540
62 Health care and social assistance	754,555	134,270	620,275	93,960	18,345	75,615
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	147,425	75,330	72,095	12,980	6,620	6,360
72 Accommodation and food services	478,070	201,260	276,805	43,655	17,430	26,230
81 Other services (except public administration)	296,960	133,220	163,745	28,055	13,740	14,315
91 Public administration	415,635	216,250	199,385	46,645	25,180	21,465
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	6,612,150	3,414,255	3,197,900	617,465	322,125	295,335
Worked at home	480,290	242,495	237,795	42,530	23,485	19,050
Worked outside Canada	39,145	25,995	13,150	1,935	1,305	630
No fixed workplace address	736,715	536,140	200,570	68,420	52,715	15,710
Worked at usual place	5,355,995	2,609,620	2,746,375	504,580	244,620	259,960
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	5,356,000	2,609,625	2,746,375	504,580	244,620	259,960
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	3,109,070	1,418,260	1,690,810	384,465	181,650	202,820
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	857,565	419,960	437,605	50,350	23,760	26,580
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,350,375	749,770	600,605	66,495	37,055	29,435
Commute to a different province or territory	38,990	21,630	17,355	3,275	2,150	1,120
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	6,092,710	3,145,765	2,946,945	573,005	297,335	275,665
Car, truck, van - as a driver	4,375,215	2,392,270	1,982,945	431,755	237,860	193,895
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	372,480	151,880	220,600	40,595	14,520	26,070
Public transit	888,920	376,690	512,235	53,740	21,780	31,955
Walked	320,015	143,885	176,130	32,330	13,815	18,520
Bicycle	75,460	50,200	25,260	8,175	5,670	2,505
Other method	60,620	30,835	29,785	6,410	3,695	2,715
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	6,092,715	3,145,765	2,946,950	573,000	297,340	275,665
Less than 15 minutes	1,463,845	675,540	788,310	185,120	87,795	97,320
15 to 29 minutes	1,964,690	991,525	973,165	208,570	108,680	99,890
30 to 44 minutes	1,295,375	706,155	589,225	115,090	63,555	51,535
45 to 59 minutes	612,415	336,090	276,325	36,755	20,485	16,270
60 minutes and over	756,385	436,455	319,930	27,470	16,820	10,650
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	6,092,715	3,145,765	2,946,950	573,000	297,335	275,665
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	413,515	296,265	117,245	28,060	20,145	7,915
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,039,255	640,810	398,445	104,545	65,630	38,925
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,571,230	778,100	793,130	168,760	90,125	78,630
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,354,870	577,565	777,310	126,090	50,885	75,200
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	740,330	328,410	411,920	53,120	22,305	30,810
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	973,515	524,620	448,895	92,430	48,240	44,190
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	7,579,085	3,895,880	3,683,200	710,830	370,255	340,575
Single responses	7,434,675	3,828,665	3,606,015	702,445	366,000	336,445
Official languages	7,319,360	3,767,405	3,551,955	694,855	361,770	333,090
English	7,225,210	3,732,550	3,492,655	688,400	359,660	328,730
French	94,145	34,850	59,295	6,455	2,100	4,355
Non-official languages	115,320	61,255	54,060	7,590	4,235	3,360
Aboriginal languages	1,485	765	715	1,815	1,025	800
Algonquian languages	1,420	745	675	1,755	990	755
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	370	220	150	985	565	420
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	10	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	360	215	145	980	565	415
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	1,050	525	525	770	430	335
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	495	235	265	230	125	110
Oji-Cree	545	290	260	535	310	230
Ottawa (Odawa)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	55	25	30
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	60	25	30
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	55	30	30
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	25	0	20	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	25	10	20	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	25	10	20	0	0	0
Cayuga	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mohawk	20	10	10	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	10
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	10	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	113,835	60,490	53,340	5,770	3,215	2,560
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,305	1,995	1,310	300	155	145
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	125	45	80	30	10	20
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	15	10	10	0	0	0
Somali	110	35	70	30	10	20
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	3,175	1,955	1,225	270	145	125
Amharic	75	30	45	15	0	10
Arabic	2,430	1,605	825	105	70	40
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	145	110	40	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	35	20	15	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	395	140	260	115	50	65
Maltese	20	15	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	60	30	25	35	25	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,575	1,065	1,510	140	35	100
Khmer (Cambodian)	95	50	50	0	0	0
Vietnamese	2,480	1,015	1,465	140	35	100
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	1,280	495	790	485	245	240
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	25	10	15	10	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	40	20	20	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	55	20	30	10	10	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,145	435	705	470	235	240
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	60	35	30	10	0	10
Haitian Creole	15	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	50	25	20	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	1,980	945	1,035	0	0	0
Kannada	10	0	10	0	0	0
Malayalam	75	45	30	10	0	0
Tamil	1,870	900	975	0	0	0
Telugu	35	10	20	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	38,960	21,375	17,580	3,115	1,865	1,255
Albanian	275	170	105	0	0	0
Armenian	145	75	75	10	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	6,655	3,165	3,495	480	245	235
Baltic languages	70	25	40	0	0	0
Latvian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Lithuanian	45	20	25	0	0	0
Slavic languages	6,595	3,135	3,455	480	245	235
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	100	55	40	15	10	10
Bulgarian	120	85	40	0	0	0
Croatian	155	100	50	0	0	0
Czech	25	20	10	0	0	0
Macedonian	85	35	45	0	0	0
Polish	1,925	960	960	65	50	20
Russian	2,905	1,240	1,670	280	145	135
Serbian	390	240	145	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Slovak	55	40	20	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	0	10	0	0	0
Ukrainian	780	320	460	110	40	70
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	6,905	3,655	3,250	1,300	790	505
Afrikaans	0	0	0	10	10	0
Danish	30	15	20	0	0	0
Dutch	790	425	365	40	10	30
Frisian	25	20	10	0	0	0
German	5,690	3,005	2,690	950	585	370
Icelandic	0	10	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	30	10	20	10	0	10
Swedish	55	15	35	0	10	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	10	10	10	10	0
Yiddish	20	0	20	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	240	155	80	290	185	105
Greek	405	240	165	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	11,880	6,560	5,315	755	505	260
Indo-Aryan languages	9,205	4,900	4,310	685	455	225
Bengali	335	160	170	20	0	15
Gujarati	730	255	475	10	10	10
Hindi	800	380	415	40	40	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	30	10	20	0	0	0
Nepali	80	30	50	10	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	6,025	3,480	2,550	605	400	210
Sindhi	20	10	15	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	30	15	10	0	0	0
Urdu	1,150	555	600	10	0	10
Iranian languages	2,660	1,655	1,005	75	45	30
Kurdish	105	95	15	10	10	10
Pashto	20	10	15	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	2,530	1,555	975	65	45	20
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	12,680	7,505	5,170	580	330	245
Catalan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Italian	945	505	445	20	10	10
Portuguese	5,815	3,865	1,950	330	215	115
Romanian	300	140	160	10	10	0
Spanish	5,590	2,985	2,605	220	100	125
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0	0	0
Japanese	1,010	360	655	10	0	0
Kartvelian languages	15	0	10	0	0	0
Georgian	15	0	10	0	0	0
Korean	4,945	2,505	2,445	305	150	150
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	120	55	65	15	15	0
Akan (Twi)	20	0	20	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	10	0	0	0	0
Ganda	25	15	15	0	0	0
Igbo	10	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	0	10	0	10	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	20	10	0	0	10	0
Wolof	10	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	0	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	20	0	10	10	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	810	295	515	210	80	135
American Sign Language	575	170	410	155	65	95
Quebec Sign Language	10	0	10	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	225	130	100	55	15	45
Sino-Tibetan languages	57,620	30,735	26,890	1,170	650	515
Chinese languages	57,535	30,690	26,840	1,160	650	515
Cantonese	26,955	14,190	12,770	690	380	315
Hakka	30	10	25	0	0	0
Mandarin	29,090	15,730	13,360	440	255	185
Min Dong	30	15	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	250	155	90	10	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	35	20	10	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	1,145	565	580	25	10	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	90	50	45	10	10	10
Burmese	10	10	10	0	0	0
Karenic languages	30	10	20	0	0	0
Tibetan	45	30	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	235	95	145	15	0	10
Lao	80	40	35	10	0	10
Thai	160	55	105	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	465	315	150	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	15	15	0	0	0	0
Turkish	440	295	140	0	0	0
Uyghur	10	10	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	10	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	420	205	220	0	0	0
Estonian	45	10	35	0	0	0
Finnish	75	25	50	0	0	0
Hungarian	295	165	130	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Multiple responses	144,405	67,215	77,185	8,390	4,255	4,125
English and French	63,665	26,760	36,900	2,655	1,150	1,505
English and non-official language	78,240	39,330	38,910	5,680	3,085	2,590
French and non-official language	175	75	100	10	0	0
English, French and non-official language	2,325	1,055	1,270	45	20	30
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	7,579,080	3,895,880	3,683,200	710,835	370,255	340,575
None	6,975,415	3,605,485	3,369,930	662,595	346,710	315,885
English	109,150	48,930	60,220	8,550	3,690	4,855
French	260,050	118,655	141,395	13,320	5,825	7,495
Non-official language	226,490	119,130	107,360	25,960	13,815	12,145
Aboriginal	5,970	2,480	3,490	6,500	3,245	3,255
Non-Aboriginal	220,520	116,650	103,870	19,460	10,575	8,890
English and French	245	100	150	10	0	10
English and non-official language	1,620	780	845	65	45	20
French and non-official language	6,080	2,780	3,300	335	160	175
English, French and non-official language	35	25	10	10	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	13,106,990	6,403,470	6,703,520	1,225,480	606,585	618,895
Non-movers	11,475,985	5,603,290	5,872,695	1,064,380	527,020	537,360
Movers	1,631,005	800,180	830,820	161,100	79,570	81,535
Non-migrants	941,380	460,170	481,210	105,090	52,025	53,065
Migrants	689,625	340,015	349,610	56,010	27,545	28,465
Internal migrants	535,180	263,055	272,120	41,305	20,285	21,020
Intraprovincial migrants	467,890	229,080	238,810	30,395	14,720	15,675
Interprovincial migrants	67,290	33,980	33,315	10,915	5,565	5,345
External migrants	154,445	76,955	77,490	14,705	7,260	7,445
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	12,546,040	6,116,715	6,429,325	1,161,240	573,310	587,930
Non-movers	7,887,825	3,845,945	4,041,880	718,640	355,585	363,050
Movers	4,658,215	2,270,770	2,387,445	442,600	217,725	224,875
Non-migrants	2,545,875	1,238,055	1,307,820	261,015	128,560	132,455
Migrants	2,112,340	1,032,710	1,079,630	181,585	89,165	92,420
Internal migrants	1,562,375	761,630	800,740	117,135	56,880	60,260
Intraprovincial migrants	1,380,900	672,540	708,360	86,295	41,295	45,000
Interprovincial migrants	181,480	89,090	92,390	30,840	15,580	15,260
External migrants	549,965	271,080	278,885	64,445	32,285	32,165

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 40 referrer

Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 41 referrer

Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 42 referrer

Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Return to footnote 43 referrer

Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 44 referrer

Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 45 referrer

Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Return to footnote 46 referrer

Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Return to footnote 47 referrer

Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 48 referrer

Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Return to footnote 49 referrer

Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 50 referrer

Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 51 referrer

Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Return to footnote 52 referrer

Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 53 referrer

Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 54 referrer

Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Return to footnote 55 referrer

Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Return to footnote 56 referrer

Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Return to footnote 57 referrer

Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Return to footnote 58 referrer

Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Return to footnote 59 referrer

Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Return to footnote 60 referrer

Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Return to footnote 61 referrer

Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Return to footnote 62 referrer

Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Return to footnote 63 referrer

Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Return to footnote 64 referrer

Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Return to footnote 65 referrer

Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Return to footnote 66 referrer

Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Return to footnote 67 referrer

Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 68 referrer

Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Return to footnote 69 referrer

Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Return to footnote 70 referrer

Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Return to footnote 71 referrer

Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 72 referrer

Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Return to footnote 73 referrer

Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Return to footnote 74 referrer

Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Return to footnote 75 referrer

Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Return to footnote 76 referrer

Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Return to footnote 77 referrer

Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Return to footnote 78 referrer

Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 79 referrer

Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Return to footnote 80 referrer

Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Return to footnote 81 referrer

Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 82 referrer

Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Return to footnote 83 referrer

Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Return to footnote 84 referrer

Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 85 referrer

Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Return to footnote 86 referrer

Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 87 referrer

Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 88 referrer

Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 89 referrer

Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 90 referrer

Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 91 referrer

Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 92 referrer

Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 93 referrer

Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Return to footnote 94 referrer

Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 95 referrer

Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Return to footnote 96 referrer

Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Return to footnote 97 referrer

Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Return to footnote 98 referrer

Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Return to footnote 99 referrer

Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Return to footnote 100 referrer

Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Return to footnote 101 referrer

Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Return to footnote 102 referrer

Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 103 referrer

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Return to footnote 104 referrer

Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Return to footnote 105 referrer

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Return to footnote 106 referrer

Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Return to footnote 107 referrer

Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 108 referrer

Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Return to footnote 109 referrer

Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 110 referrer

Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Return to footnote 111 referrer

Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 112 referrer

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Return to footnote 113 referrer

Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 114 referrer

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Return to footnote 115 referrer

Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Return to footnote 116 referrer

Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Return to footnote 117 referrer

Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Return to footnote 118 referrer

Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 119 referrer

Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Return to footnote 120 referrer

Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 121 referrer

Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Return to footnote 122 referrer

Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 123 referrer

Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Return to footnote 124 referrer

Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Return to footnote 125 referrer

Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Return to footnote 126 referrer

Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Return to footnote 127 referrer

Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 128 referrer

Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Return to footnote 129 referrer

Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

Return to footnote 130 referrer

Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

Return to footnote 131 referrer

Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

Return to footnote 132 referrer

Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

Return to footnote 133 referrer

Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

Return to footnote 134 referrer

Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

Return to footnote 135 referrer

Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

Return to footnote 136 referrer

Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 137 referrer

Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

Return to footnote 138 referrer

Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

Return to footnote 139 referrer

Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

Return to footnote 140 referrer

Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

Return to footnote 141 referrer

Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

Return to footnote 142 referrer

Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

Return to footnote 143 referrer

Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

Return to footnote 144 referrer

Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

Return to footnote 145 referrer

Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Return to footnote 146 referrer

Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Return to footnote 147 referrer

Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Return to footnote 148 referrer

Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Return to footnote 149 referrer

Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Return to footnote 150 referrer

Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Return to footnote 151 referrer

Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Return to footnote 152 referrer

Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Return to footnote 153 referrer

Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Return to footnote 154 referrer

Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Return to footnote 155 referrer

Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Return to footnote 156 referrer

Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Return to footnote 157 referrer

Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Return to footnote 158 referrer

Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Return to footnote 159 referrer

Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Return to footnote 160 referrer

Footnote 161

Return to footnote 161 referrer

Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Return to footnote 162 referrer

Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Return to footnote 163 referrer

Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Return to footnote 164 referrer

Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Return to footnote 165 referrer

Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Return to footnote 166 referrer

Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Return to footnote 167 referrer

Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

Return to footnote 168 referrer

Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

Return to footnote 169 referrer

Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

Return to footnote 170 referrer

Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

Return to footnote 171 referrer

Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Return to footnote 172 referrer

Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

Return to footnote 173 referrer

Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Return to footnote 174 referrer

Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Return to footnote 175 referrer

Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Return to footnote 176 referrer

Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Return to footnote 177 referrer

Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

Return to footnote 178 referrer

Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 179 referrer

Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 180 referrer

Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 181 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Ontario [Province] and Manitoba [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 8, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Ontario [Province] and Manitoba [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Ontario [Province] and Manitoba [Province]

Source

How to cite

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Ontario [Province] and Manitoba [Province]